Joined Cases T-269/99, T-271/99 and T-272/99

Territorio Histórico de Guipúzcoa — Diputación Foral de Guipúzcoa and Others

v

Commission of the European Communities

‛State aid — Decision to initiate the procedure under Article 88 (2) EC — Actions for annulment — Admissibility — Tax measures — Selective nature — Legitimate expectations — Misuse of powers’

Judgment of the Court of First Instance (First Chamber), 23 October 2002 II-4221

Summary of the Judgment

Actions for annulment — Natural or legal persons — Measures of direct and individual concern to them — Commission decision to initiate the formal investigation procedure in relation to a State measure in the course of implementation — Action brought by the regional authority which adopted the measure — Whether admissible

A decision to initiate the formal investigation procedure in relation to a measure in the course of implementation and which the Member State concerned does not regard as falling within the scope of Article 87(1) EC, taken by the Commission on the ground that the measure in question is new aid, may form the subject-matter of an action under Article 230 EC because it necessarily alters the legal implications of the measure and the legal position of the recipient firms. The significant element of doubt as to the legality of a measure which is created by a decision to investigate it not only must lead the Member State to suspend its application but also may be invoked before a national court and is capable of inclining both the firms which are beneficiaries of the measure and their trading partners to the view that the tax concession in question has not been definitively acquired. (see paras 37-38, 40)

An intrastate body has locus standi to challenge, by means of an action for annulment, a decision taken by the Commission, in the exercise of its powers in matters involving State aid, to initiate the formal investigation procedure in respect of tax measures of which that body is the author and which it has implemented in the exercise of its own powers. (see para. 41)

Where, in an action against a decision to initiate the formal investigation procedure in relation to a measure already in the course of implementation, the applicants challenge the Commission's assessment of the measure in issue as constituting State aid, review by the Court is limited to ascertaining whether the Commission has made a manifest error of assessment in forming the view that it was unable to resolve all the difficulties on that point during its initial examination of the measure concerned. (see para. 49)

The Commission is not guilty of a manifest error of assessment if, on the conclusion of its preliminary assessment, in the exercise of its powers in matters involving State aid, it forms the view that the formal investigation procedure should be initiated in respect of tax measures which, in that they create a tax credit that is restricted to undertakings making substantial investments, seem to offer an appreciable advantage to the beneficiaries thereof in relation to their competitors and to be likely essentially to benefit undertakings which engage in trade between Member States. (see paras 65, 69, 71)

Since, in accordance with Article 1(b)(v) of Regulation No 659/1999, the regulation on State aid procedure, existing aid includes aid which is deemed to be an existing aid because it can be established that at the time it was put into effect it did not constitute an aid, and subsequently became an aid due to the evolution of the common market and without having been altered by the Member State, a change in the Commission's decision-making practice, for example in the criteria which it applies in ascertaining selectivity, does not provide grounds for disputing that a State measure is in fact new aid unless that change is attributable to the evolution of the common market. Whether a State measure is existing or new aid cannot depend on a subjective assessment by the Commission and must be determined independently of any previous administrative practice it may have had. (see paras 78, 80)

The Commission does not infringe Article 88(2) EC where it fails, in a decision formally to investigate national measures with reference to the Community rules on State aid, to formulate its doubts as to the classification of the measures in question as State aid. In a decision to initiate the formal investigation procedure, the Commission is merely required to give a preliminary assessment of the aid character of the measure in question and its compatibility with the common market and is required to set out its doubts only as to the measure's compatibility with the common market. (see paras 81-84)