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The Landgericht Gießen, being in some doubt, in particular, as to whether the German authorities are obliged to recognise the driving licence issued to Mr Akyüz by the competent Czech authorities, in so far as Mr Akyüz did not have any licence withdrawn by the authorities of the Federal Republic of Germany, but where the issuing of a licence had merely been refused to Mr Akyüz by that Member State, decided to stay the proceedings and to refer the following questions to the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling: ‘Are (a) Article 1(2), in conjunction with Article 8(2) and (4), of Directive 91/439… (b) Article 2(1), in conjunction with Article 11(4), of Directive 2006/126 … to be interpreted as meaning: 1. that they preclude a Member State (“the host State”) from refusing to recognise, within its territory, a driving licence issued by another Member State (“the issuing State”) in the case where the acquisition of the driving licence in the issuing State was preceded by a refusal to grant a driving licence in the host State on the ground that the physical and mental requirements for the safe driving of a motor vehicle had not been met; 2. if Question 1 is answered in the affirmative: that they preclude a Member State (“the host State”) from refusing to recognise, within its territory, a driving licence issued by another Member State (“the issuing State”) in the case where the acquisition of the driving licence in the issuing State was preceded by a refusal to grant a driving licence in the host State on the ground that the physical and mental requirements for the safe driving of a motor vehicle had not been met and, on the basis of information given on the driving licence, other indisputable information from the host State, or on the basis of other indisputable facts, in particular any information provided by the holder of the driving licence himself or other indisputable facts known to the host State, it is established that there has been a breach of the rule on residence under Article 7(1)(b) of Directive 91/439 … or Article 7(1)(e) of Directive 2006/126 … — inasmuch as other indisputable facts, in particular any information provided by the holder of the driving licence himself or other indisputable facts known to the host State are not sufficient: that information, within the meaning of the case-law of the Court of Justice, is provided by the issuing State even in the case where that information has not been directly conveyed, but rather has been conveyed only indirectly in the form of a notification based on such information from a third party, in particular the host State’s embassy in the issuing State –; 3. that they preclude a Member State (“the host State”) from refusing to recognise, within its territory, a driving licence issued by another Member State (“the issuing State”) in the case where, although the formal requirements for the issuing of a driving licence in the issuing State were fulfilled, it is nonetheless clear that the residence was solely for the purpose of acquiring a driving licence and was not for any other purposes protected by European Union law, in particular the fundamental freedoms under the TFEU, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms (“Driving licence tourism”)?’