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Taking the view that resolution of the dispute before it called for an interpretation of European Union law, the Tribunale di Bolzano decided to stay the proceedings and to refer the following questions to the Court for a preliminary ruling: ‘(1) Does the principle of the primacy of European Union law oblige a national court to give full and immediate effect to provisions of European Union law having direct effect, by disapplying provisions of domestic law in conflict with European Union law, even if they were adopted in accordance with fundamental principles of the Member State’s constitutional system? (2) When there is a conflict between a provision of domestic law and the ECHR, does the reference to the ECHR in Article 6 TEU oblige the national court to apply Articles 14 ECHR and Article 1 of [Protocol No 12] directly, disapplying the incompatible source of domestic law, without having first to raise the issue of constitutionality before the national constitutional court? (3) Does European Union law, in particular, Articles 2 [TEU] and 6 TEU, Articles 21 and 34 of the Charter and Directives 2000/43 … and 2003/109, preclude a provision of national [more correctly: regional] law, such as that contained in Article 15[2] of presidential decree No 670/1972 read in conjunction with Articles 1 and 5 of the provincial law … and in [Decision No 1865], inasmuch as that provision, with regard to the allowances concerned, and in particular the so-called ‘housing benefit’, attaches importance to nationality by treating long-term resident workers not belonging to the European Union or stateless persons worse than resident Community nationals (whether or not Italian)? If the foregoing questions should be answered in the affirmative: (4) In the case of an infringement of general principles of the European Union, such as the prohibition of discrimination and the requirement of legal certainty, when there exists national implementing legislation permitting the court to “order the cessation of the damaging conduct and adopt any other suitable measure, according to the circumstances, [to put an end to] the effects of the discrimination”, requiring the court to “order the discriminatory conduct, behaviour or action, if still subsisting, to cease and its effects to be eliminated” and permitting the court to order “a plan for the suppression of the discrimination found to exist, in order to prevent its repetition, within the period fixed in the measure”, must Article 15 of Directive 2000/43 …, in so far as it provides that sanctions must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive, be interpreted as including, in discrimination found to exist and effects to be eliminated, and in order to avoid unjustified reverse discrimination, all infringements affecting the persons discriminated against, even if they are not parties to the dispute? If the previous question (4) is answered in the affirmative: (5) Is it contrary to European Union law, in particular, to Articles 2 [TEU] and 6 TEU, Articles 21 and 34 of the Charter and Directives 2000/43 … and 2003/109 …, for a provision of national [more correctly: provincial] law to require non-Community nationals only and not Community nationals also (whether or not Italian) — who receive equal treatment merely in respect of the obligation to have resided for more than 5 years in the territory of the province — to satisfy the further condition that they should have completed three years of work in order to be eligible for housing benefit? (6) Is it contrary to European Union law, in particular, to Articles 2 [TEU] and 6 TEU, and Articles 18 [TFEU], 45 [TFEU] and 49 [TFEU], read in conjunction with Articles 1, 21 and 34 of the Charter, for a provision of national [more correctly: provincial] law to require Community nationals (whether or not Italian) to declare that they ethnically belong to or elect to join one of the three linguistic groups of Alto Adige/South Tyrol in order to be eligible for housing benefit? (7) Is it contrary to European Union law, in particular, to Articles 2 [TEU] and 6 TEU, and to Articles 18 [TFEU], 45 [TFEU] and 49 TFEU, read in conjunction with Articles 21 and 34 of the Charter, for a provision of national [more correctly: provincial] law to impose on Community nationals (whether or not Italian) the obligation to have resided or worked in the territory of the province for at least five years in order to be eligible for housing benefit?