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Articles 28 to 31 of the loi du 24 février 2017, modifiant la loi du 15 décembre 1980 sur l’accès au territoire, le séjour, l’établissement et l’éloignement des étrangers afin de renforcer la protection de l’ordre public et de la sécurité nationale (Law of 24 February 2017 amending the Law of 15 December 1980 on the admission, residence, establishment and removal of foreign nationals in order to enhance protection of public policy and national security) (Moniteur belge of 19 April 2017, p. 51890) (‘the Law of 24 February 2017’), inserted into the Law of 15 December 1980 Articles 44quater to 44septies, which are worded as follows: ‘Article 44quater. The Union citizen or the member of his or her family cannot be forcibly removed as long as the period referred to in Article 44ter has not expired. In order to avoid any risk of absconding during the period referred to in Article 44ter, the Union citizen or the member of his or her family may be required to comply with preventive measures. The King is authorised to determine those measures by decree debated in the Council of Ministers. Article 44quinquies § 1. The Minister or a person delegated by the Minister shall take all the measures necessary to enforce the order to leave the territory where: 1° the Union citizen or the member of his or her family has not been given a time limit by which to leave the territory of the Kingdom; 2° the Union citizen or the member of his or her family has not left the territory of the Kingdom within the period granted to that person; 3° before the expiry of the period within which the Union citizen or family member is required to leave the territory of the Kingdom, he or she presents a risk of absconding, has failed to comply with the preventive measures imposed or represents a threat to public policy or national security. § 2. Where the Union citizen or the member of his or her family objects to his or her removal or presents a risk of dangerousness when being removed, he or she shall be forcibly returned, with an escort if necessary. Coercive measures may then be used in relation to that person, in compliance with Articles 1 and 37 of the loi du 5 août 1992 sur la fonction de police (Law of 5 August 1992 on policing) [(Moniteur belge of 22 December 1992, p. 27124)]. Where the removal is effected by air, the measures shall be taken in accordance with the Common Guidelines on removals by air annexed to [Council Decision 2004/573/EC of 29 April 2004 on the organisation of joint flights for removals from the territory of two or more Member States, of third-country nationals who are subjects of individual removal orders (OJ 2004 L 261 p. 28)]. § 3. By decree debated in the Council of Ministers, the King shall designate the entity responsible for supervising forced returns and shall determine the arrangements for that supervision. That entity shall be independent of the removal authorities. Article 44sexies. Where justified by the circumstances of each case, the Minister or a person delegated by the Minister may temporarily postpone the removal and shall inform the person concerned. In order to avoid any risk of absconding, the Union citizen or the member of his or her family may be required to comply with preventive measures. The King is authorised to determine those measures by decree debated in the Council of Ministers. The Minister or a person delegated by the Minister may, in those situations, place the Union citizen or the member of his or her family under house arrest for the period necessary to carry out that measure. Article 44septies. § 1. Where required for reasons of public policy, national security or public health, and unless other less coercive measures can be applied effectively, Union citizens and members of their families may, in order to ensure that the removal measure is carried out, be held for the period strictly necessary to carry out the measure, which may not exceed two months. The Minister or a person delegated by the Minister may nevertheless extend the period for which the person is held by two-month periods, where the procedures necessary for removal of the foreign national have been undertaken within seven working days of the Union citizen or the member of his or her family being held, have been pursued with all due diligence and there is still a possibility of effectively removing the person concerned within a reasonable time. After a first extension, the decision to extend the period of holding may be taken only by the Minister. After five months, the Union citizen or the member of his or her family must be released. Where required in order to safeguard public policy or national security, the period of holding may be extended by one month each time, although the total period of holding may not exceed eight months. § 2. The Union citizen or the member of his or her family referred to in Paragraph 1 may appeal against the decision to hold him or her, in accordance with Article 71 et seq.’