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In those circumstances, the Szegedi Közigazgatási és Munkaügyi Bíróság (Administrative and Labour Court, Szeged, Hungary) decided to stay the proceedings and to refer the following questions to the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling: ‘(1) [New ground of inadmissibility] Must the provisions on inadmissible applications in Article 33 of [Directive 2013/32] be interpreted as precluding a Member State’s legislation under which an application made in the context of the asylum procedure is inadmissible when the applicant reached Hungary via a country where he or she was not exposed to persecution or a risk of serious harm, or in which a sufficient degree of protection is guaranteed? (2) [Conduct of an asylum procedure] (a) Must Article 6 and Article 38(4) of [Directive 2013/32], and recital 34 thereof, which imposes an obligation to examine applications for international protection, read in the light of Article 18 of the Charter, be interpreted as meaning that the competent asylum authority of a Member State must ensure that the applicant has the opportunity to initiate the asylum procedure if it has not examined the substance of the application for asylum by relying on the ground of inadmissibility mentioned in [Question 1] and has subsequently ordered the return of the applicant to a third country which has however refused to readmit him or her [to its territory]? (b) If the answer to Question 2(a) is in the affirmative, what is the exact extent of that obligation? Does it imply an obligation guaranteeing the possibility to submit a new application for asylum, thereby excluding the negative consequences of subsequent applications referred to in Article 33(2)(d) and Article 40 of [Directive 2013/32], or does it imply the automatic start or conduct of the asylum procedure? (c) If the answer to Question 2(a) is in the affirmative, taking account also of Article 38(4) of [Directive 2013/32], can the Member State — the factual situation remaining unchanged — re-examine the inadmissibility of the application in the context of that new procedure (thereby giving it the possibility of applying any type of procedure provided for in Chapter III, for example reliance once again on a ground of inadmissibility) or must it examine the substance of the application for asylum in the light of the country of origin? (d) Does it follow from Article 33(1) and (2)(b) and (c) and Articles 35 and 38 of [Directive 2013/32], read in the light of Article 18 of the Charter, that readmission by a third country is one of the cumulative conditions for the application of a ground of inadmissibility, that is to say, for the adoption of a decision based on such a ground, or is it sufficient to verify that that condition is satisfied at the time of the enforcement of such a decision? (3) [Transit zone as a place of detention in the context of an asylum procedure] [Question 3 is relevant] if, in accordance with the answer to Question 2, an asylum procedure must be conducted. (a) Must Article 43 of [Directive 2013/32] be interpreted as precluding legislation of a Member State under which the applicant may be detained in a transit zone for more than four weeks? b) Must Article 2(h) of [Directive 2013/33], applicable pursuant to Article 26 of [Directive 2013/32], read in the light of Article 6 and Article 52(3) of the Charter, be interpreted as meaning that accommodation in a transit zone in circumstances such as those in the main proceedings (a zone which an applicant cannot lawfully leave on a voluntary basis regardless of his destination) for a period exceeding the four-week period referred to in Article 43 of [Directive 2013/32] constitutes detention? (c) Is the fact that the detention of the applicant for a period exceeding the four-week period referred to in Article 43 of [Directive 2013/32] takes place only because he cannot meet his needs (accommodation and food) due to a lack of material resources to cover those needs compatible with Article 8 of [Directive 2013/33], applicable pursuant to Article 26 of [Directive 2013/32]? (d) Is the fact that (i) accommodation which constitutes de facto detention for a period exceeding the four-week period referred to in Article 43 of [Directive 2013/32] has not been ordered by a detention order, (ii) no guarantee that the lawfulness of the detention and its continuation may be challenged before the courts has been provided, (iii) the de facto detention takes place without any examination of the necessity or proportionality of that measure, or whether there are any alternative measures and (iv) the exact duration of the de facto detention is not fixed, including the date on which it ends, compatible with Articles 8 and 9 of [Directive 2013/33], applicable pursuant to Article 26 of [Directive 2013/32]? (e) Can Article 47 of the Charter be interpreted as meaning that, when a manifestly unlawful detention is brought for consideration before a court of a Member State, that court may, as an interim measure, until the administrative proceedings come to an end, require the authority to designate for the benefit of the third-country national a place of stay outside the transit zone which is not a place of detention? (4) [Transit zone as place of detention in the context of an asylum procedure] [Question 4 is relevant] if, in accordance with the answer to Question 2, there is a need to conduct not an asylum procedure but a procedure within the field of competence of the Aliens Police: (a) Must recitals 17 and 24 and Article 16 of [Directive 2008/115], read in the light of Article 6 and Article 52(3) of the Charter, be interpreted as meaning that accommodation in a transit zone in circumstances such as those in the main proceedings (a zone which an applicant cannot lawfully leave on a voluntary basis regardless of his destination) constitutes deprivation of liberty for the purposes of those provisions? (b) Is the fact that the detention of an applicant, national of a third country, takes place solely because he is subject to a return order and cannot meet his needs (accommodation and food) due to a lack of material resources to cover those needs compatible with recital 16 and Article 15(1) of [Directive 2008/115], read in the light of Articles 6 and 52(3) of the Charter? (c) Is the fact that (i) accommodation which constitutes de facto detention has not been ordered by a detention order, (ii) no guarantee that the lawfulness of the detention and its continuation may be challenged before the courts has been provided and (iii) the de facto detention takes place without any examination of the necessity or proportionality of that measure, or whether there are any alternative measures, compatible with recital 16 and Article 15(2) of [Directive 2008/115], read in the light of Articles 6, 47 and Article 52(3) of the Charter? (d) Can Article 15(1) and (4) to (6) and recital 16 of [Directive 2008/115], read in the light of Articles 1, 4, 6 and 47 of the Charter, be interpreted as precluding detention from taking place without its exact duration being fixed, including the date on which it ends? (e) Can EU law be interpreted as meaning that, when a manifestly unlawful detention is brought for consideration before a court of a Member State, that court may, as an interim measure, until the administrative proceedings come to an end, require the authority to designate for the benefit of the third-country national a place of stay outside the transit zone which is not a place of detention? (5) [Effective judicial protection with regard to the decision amending the country of return] Must Article 13 of [Directive 2008/115], under which a third-country national is to be afforded an effective remedy to appeal against or seek review of “decisions related to return”, read in the light of Article 47 of the Charter, be interpreted as meaning that, where the remedy provided for under domestic law is not effective, a court must review the application lodged against the decision amending the country of origin at least once?’