5

The facts underlying the dispute were set out by the General Court in paragraphs 1 to 12 of the judgment under appeal as follows: ‘1 On 13 January 2014, the European Commission opened an investigation into possible restrictions [adversely] affecting the provision of pay-TV services in the context of licensing agreements [concluded] between six United States studios and the main paid-for content broadcasters in the European Union. 2 On 23 July 2015, the Commission sent a statement of objections to Paramount Pictures International Ltd, established in London (United Kingdom), and to Viacom Inc., established in New York (New York, United States), the parent company of the former (together “Paramount”). In that statement of objections, the Commission set out its preliminary finding concerning the compatibility with Article 101 TFEU and Article 53 of the Agreement on the European Economic Area [of 2 May 1992 (OJ 1994 L 1, p. 3)] of certain clauses in the licensing agreements which Paramount had concluded with Sky UK Ltd and Sky plc (together “Sky”). 3 In the context of its investigation, the Commission focused on two related clauses in those licensing agreements. The purpose of the first clause was to prohibit Sky from responding favourably to unsolicited requests from consumers residing in the [European Economic Area (EEA)] but outside the United Kingdom and Ireland to purchase television distribution services, or to limit the possibility of its responding favourably to such requests. The second clause required Paramount, in the context of the agreements which it concluded with broadcasters established in the EEA but outside the United Kingdom, to prohibit those broadcasters from responding favourably to unsolicited requests from consumers residing in the United Kingdom or Ireland to purchase television distribution services, or to limit the possibility of their responding favourably to such requests. 4 By decision of the hearing officer in certain competition proceedings of 24 November 2015, [Groupe Canal +] was allowed to participate in the proceedings as an interested other person for the purposes of Article 13(1) of Commission Regulation (EC) No 773/2004 of 7 April 2004 relating to the conduct of proceedings by the Commission pursuant to Articles [101 and 102 TFEU] (OJ 2004 L 123, p. 18). 5 By letter of 4 December 2015, entitled “Information on the nature and subject matter of the procedure in accordance with Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 773/2004”, the Commission communicated to [Groupe Canal +], in particular, its legal assessment concerning the application of Article 101 TFEU to the facts of the present case, followed by a preliminary conclusion in that respect. According to that preliminary conclusion, the Commission intended to adopt a decision addressed to Sky and to each of the studios covered by its investigation finding that they had infringed Article 101 TFEU and Article 53 of the EEA Agreement, imposing fines on them and ordering them to bring the infringement to an end and to refrain from any measure capable of having a similar object or effect. 6 On 15 April 2016, Paramount proposed commitments in order to address the Commission’s competition concerns in accordance with Article 9 of [Regulation No 1/2003]. After receiving observations from other interested persons, including [Groupe Canal +], the Commission adopted the [contested decision]. 7 It is apparent from Article 1 of the contested decision that the commitments as listed in the annex to that decision are to be binding on Paramount and its successors and subsidiaries for a period of five years from the date of notification of that decision. 8 The ninth paragraph of Clause 1 of the annex to the contested decision sets out various types of clauses forming the subject matter of the procedure (“the relevant clauses”). As regards satellite transmission, the relevant clauses are the first clause, according to which reception in territories other than the licensed territory (overspill) is not to constitute a breach of contract by the broadcaster if the broadcaster has not knowingly authorised that reception, and the second clause, according to which reception in the licensed territory is not to constitute a breach of contract by Paramount if Paramount has not authorised the availability of a third party’s descrambling devices in that territory. Furthermore, as regards internet transmission, the relevant clauses are, first, the clause requiring broadcasters to prevent the downloading or streaming of audiovisual content outside the licensed territory; second, the clause according to which internet overspill in the licensed territory is not to constitute a breach of contract by Paramount if Paramount has required broadcasters to use technologies to prevent such overspill; and, third, the clause according to which internet overspill outside the licensed territory is not to constitute a breach of contract by the broadcaster if the broadcaster uses technology to prevent such overspill. 9 It is also apparent from the third paragraph of Clause 1 of the annex to the contested decision that “Broadcaster Obligation” is to mean the relevant clauses or equivalent clauses preventing a broadcaster from responding to unsolicited requests from consumers residing in the EEA but outside the territories for which the broadcaster has a broadcasting right. Similarly, “Paramount Obligation” is to mean the relevant clauses or equivalent clauses requiring Paramount to prohibit broadcasters located in the EEA but outside the territories for which a broadcaster has exclusive rights from responding to unsolicited requests from consumers residing in those territories. 10 According to Clause 2 of the annex to the contested decision, from the date of notification of [that] decision, Paramount is to be subject to various commitments. First of all, Paramount is not to enter into … the relevant clauses in the context of licensing agreements as defined in that annex [or renew or extend the application of those clauses] (point 2.1). Next, as regards existing Pay-TV Output Licence Agreements, Paramount is not to seek to enforce broadcasters’ obligations before a court or tribunal (point 2.2(a)). As regards those agreements, it is not directly or indirectly to honour or enforce the “Paramount Obligation” (point 2.2(b)). Last, it is to notify Sky within 10 days of notification of the contested decision, and any other broadcaster in the EEA within one month of notification of that decision, that it will not seek to enforce the relevant clauses as against broadcasters (point 2.3). 11 [Groupe Canal +] had concluded a Pay Television Agreement with Paramount that entered into force on 1 January 2014 …. Article 12 of that agreement provides that the territory covered by the agreement consists of “exclusive” territories, covering in particular France, and a “non-exclusive” territory, covering Mauritius. Article 3 of [that agreement] provides, moreover, that Paramount will not itself exercise or authorise a third party to exercise retransmission rights to the exclusive territories. Annex A.IV to that agreement specifies the obligations borne by [Groupe Canal +] as regards the use of geo-filtering technologies to prevent retransmission outside the licensed territories. 12 By letter of 25 August 2016, Paramount notified [Groupe Canal +] of the commitment in point 2.2(a) of the annex to the contested decision … and, consequently, stated that it would not bring legal proceedings against the broadcaster to enforce the relevant clauses and that it waived any obligation of the broadcaster under the relevant clauses. Paramount was also careful to stipulate, in that letter, that the expression “broadcaster obligation” had the same meaning as … in the annex to the contested decision. By letter of 14 October 2016, [Groupe Canal +] replied to that notification and emphasised that commitments entered into in a procedure involving only the Commission and Paramount could not be enforced against it.’