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In the judgment under appeal, the General Court made the following findings: ‘1 By [the decision at issue], the [European] Commission found that [Total France] and its parent company which holds almost 100% of its capital, Total SA, had, with other undertakings, infringed Article 81(1) EC and Article 53(1) of the Agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA) [of 2 May 1992 (OJ 1994 L 1, p. 3)] by participating in a cartel concerning the EEA market for paraffin waxes and the German market for slack wax. 2 The addressees of the [decision at issue] are, as well as [Total France] and its parent company, Total SA (“the Total group” or “Total”), the following undertakings: ... 3 Paraffin waxes are manufactured in refineries from crude oil. They are used for the production of a variety of products such as candles, chemicals, tyres and automotive products as well as in the rubber, packaging, adhesive and chewing gum industries (recital 4 of the [decision at issue]). 4 Slack wax is the raw material required for the manufacture of paraffin waxes. It is produced in refineries as a by-product in the manufacture of base oils from crude oil. It is also sold to end-customers, to producers of particle boards for instance (recital 5 of the [decision at issue]). 5 The Commission began its investigation after [a company] informed it, by letter of 17 March 2005, of the existence of a cartel … (recital 72 of the [decision at issue]). 6 On 28 and 29 April 2005, the Commission carried out, pursuant to Article 20(4) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 [EC] and 82 [EC] (OJ 2003 L 1, p. 1), on-site inspections at the premises of … Total [France] (recital 75 of the [decision at issue]). 7 On 29 May 2007, the Commission sent a statement of objections to [the addressees of the decision at issue] including Total France (recital 85 of the [decision at issue]). By letter of 14 August 2007, Total France replied to the statement of objections. 8 On 10 and 11 December 2007, the Commission held a hearing in which Total France took part (recital 91of the [decision at issue]). 9 In the [decision at issue], in the light of the evidence available to it, the Commission considered that the addressees, who constituted the majority of the producers of paraffin waxes and slack wax in the EEA, had participated in a single, complex and continuous infringement of Article 81 EC and Article 53 of the EEA Agreement, covering the EEA territory. That infringement consisted in agreements or concerted practices aimed at price fixing, and exchanging and disclosing commercially-sensitive information affecting paraffin waxes (“the principal part of the infringement”). As far as … Total is concerned, the infringement relating to paraffin waxes also concerned customers or market sharing (“the second part of the infringement”). Furthermore, the infringement committed by ... Total also included slack wax sold to end-customers in the German market (“the slack wax part of the infringement”) (recitals 2, 95 and 328 and Article 1 of the [decision at issue]). 10 Those unlawful practices took place during anti-competitive meetings called “technical meetings” or sometimes “Blauer Salon” meetings by the participants and during “slack wax meetings” specifically devoted to questions relating to slack wax. 11 According to the [decision at issue], employees of Total France had directly participated in the infringement throughout its duration. The Commission therefore held Total France liable for its participation in the cartel (recitals 555 and 556 of the [decision at issue]). In addition, Total France was, between 1990 and the end of the infringement, directly or indirectly owned as to more than 98% by Total SA. The Commission considered that it could be presumed on that basis that Total SA exercised decisive influence over the conduct of Total France, both companies being part of the same undertaking (recitals 557 to 559 of the [decision at issue]). In answer to an oral question at the hearing concerning the imputation of liability to its parent company, [Total France] referred to all the information communicated by Total SA in the related Case T‑548/08 Total SA v Commission, delivered today. In that case, Total SA stated, in response to a written question from the [General] Court, that Total France was directly or indirectly wholly owned by it during the relevant period. 12 The fines imposed in the present case have been calculated on the basis of the Guidelines on the method of setting fines imposed pursuant to Article 23(2)(a) of Regulation No 1/2003 … (“the 2006 Guidelines”), in force at the time the statement of objections was notified to the companies referred to in paragraph 2 above.’ ... 15 [In application of the 2006 Guidelines], the Commission arrived at an adjusted basic amount for the fine of EUR 128163000. 16 As no reduction of the amount of the fine was made ..., the adjusted basic amount of EUR 128163000 equates to the total amount of the fine (recital 785 of the [decision at issue]). 17 The [decision at issue] includes the following provisions: “Article 1 The following undertakings have infringed Article 81(1) [EC] and — from 1 January 1994 — Article 53 of the EEA Agreement by participating, for the periods indicated, in a continuing agreement and/or concerted practice in the paraffin waxes sector in the common market and, as of 1 January 1994, within the EEA: ... Total France ...: from 3 September 1992 to 28 April 2005 and Total SA: from 3 September 1992 to 28 April 2005. For the following undertakings, the infringement also includes slack wax sold to end customers in the German market for the periods indicated: Total France ...: from 30 October 1997 to 12 May 2004 and Total SA: from 30 October 1997 to 12 May 2004. ... Article 2 For the infringement referred to in Article 1 the following fines are imposed: ... Total France ... jointly and severally with Total SA: [EUR] 128163000. ...’