Keywords

Summary



Keywords

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1. Action for annulment - Natural or legal persons - Measures of direct and individual concern to them - Regulation imposing anti-dumping duties - Different duties imposed on different firms - Right of action of each firm restricted to the provisions specifically concerning it

(EEC Treaty, Art. 173, second paragraph; Council Regulations Nos 2176/84 and 535/87)

2. Common commercial policy - Protection against dumping practices - Dumping margin - Determination of the normal value - Price charged in the ordinary course of trade - Sales subsidiaries controlled by the manufacturer - Recourse to selling prices applied by those subsidiaries - Whether legal

(Council Regulation No 2176/84, Art. 2(3)(a))

3. Common commercial policy - Protection against dumping practices - Dumping margin - Determination of the normal value - Price charged in the ordinary course of trade - Price actually paid or payable - Trade-in discount - Inclusion

(Council Regulation No 2176/84, Art. 2(3)(a))

4. Common commercial policy - Protection against dumping practices - Dumping margin - Comparison between the normal value and the export price - Allowances - Differences in the levels of trade - Burden of proof

(Council Regulation No 2176/84, Art. 2(9) and (10)(c))

5. Common commercial policy - Protection against dumping practices - Dumping margin - Comparison between the normal value and the export price - Allowances - Differences in the conditions and terms of sale - Account taken subject to the existence of a direct link with the sales considered - Costs not having such a link - Exclusion

(Council Regulation No 2176/84, Art. 2(10)(c))

6. Common commercial policy - Protection against dumping practices - Injury - Community industry involved - Production of the like product - Discretion of the institutions - No clear delimitation of the classification segments within the range of products considered - No error of assessment

(Council Regulation No 2176/84, Arts 2(12) and 4(4))

7. Common commercial policy - Protection against dumping practices - Injury - Community industry involved - Exclusion of certain manufacturers on account of their relationship with firms engaged in dumping - Discretion of the institutions - Conditions governing its exercise

(Council Regulation No 2176/84, Art. 4(5))

8. Common commercial policy - Protection against dumping practices - Injury - Impact of imports being dumped - Evaluation in relation to production of the like product in the Community - Criteria

(Council Regulation No 2176/84, Art. 4(4))

9. Common commercial policy - Protection against dumping practices - Appraisal of Community interests by the institutions - Judicial review - Limits

(Council Regulation No 2176/84, Art. 12(1))

Summary

1. A regulation imposing different anti-dumping duties on a series of traders is of direct concern to any one of them only in respect of those provisions which impose on that trader a specific anti-dumping duty and determine the amount thereof, and not in respect of those provisions which impose anti-dumping duties on other undertakings.

2. When, in connection with sales on the domestic market, it is established that a manufacturer entrusts tasks which are normally the responsibility of an internal sales department to its sales subsidiaries with which it forms a single economic entity, the fact that, in order to establish the normal value, the institutions take the prices paid by the first purchaser who was independent of the sales subsidiaries is justified, given that those prices may quite properly be regarded as the prices actually paid or payable in the ordinary course of trade within the meaning of Article 2(3)(a) of the basic anti-dumping regulation, Regulation No 2176/84. By taking into consideration the sales subsidiaries' prices, it is possible to ensure that costs which manifestly form part of the selling price of a product where the sale is made by an internal sales department of the manufacturing organization are not left out of account where the same selling activity is carried out by companies which, despite being financially controlled by the manufacturer, are legally distinct entities.

3. Trade-in discounts granted to buyers of new models when old models are traded in, corresponding to the value attributed by the manufacturer to the withdrawal of used machines from the market, must be regarded as part of the price actually paid or payable by the purchaser and must thus be taken into account for the purposes of determining the normal value in accordance with Article 2(3)(a) of the basic anti-dumping regulation, Regulation No 2176/84.

4. A manufacturer which does not prove that the sales on the basis of which the normal value and the export price were determined concerned different categories of purchasers and were consequently at different levels of trade does not justify a claim for allowances on the ground of different levels of trade within the meaning of Article 2(9) and (10) of the basic anti-dumping regulation, Regulation No 2176/84.

5. Travel expenses, communication expenses, announcement expenses, sales aid expenses and entertainment expenses, which form part of overheads and general expenses, and trade-in discounts granted to buyers of new models when old models are traded in cannot be regarded as bearing a direct relationship to sales within the meaning of Article 2(10)(c) of the basic anti-dumping regulation, Regulation No 2176/84, so as to justify an allowance reducing the normal value on the ground of differences in conditions and terms of sale.

6. The Community institutions did not commit an error of assessment when they considered, for the purposes of assessing the injury suffered by the Community industry, that "Community production of the like product" within the meaning of Article 4(4) of the basic anti-dumping regulation, Regulation No 2176/84, was production of all photocopiers in all segments merged together, excluding machines for which there was no Community production, since, according to the market surveys which the institutions took as their basis, there is no clear delimitation of photocopier classification segments inasmuch as, on the one hand, certain photocopiers can be classified in several different segments in view of their features and technical characteristics and, on the other hand, there is competition both between photocopiers in adjoining segments and between those classified in non-adjoining segments.

7. Article 4(5) of the basic anti-dumping regulation, Regulation No 2176/84, shows that it is for the institutions, in the exercise of their discretion, to examine whether they should, for the purpose of determining whether there is injury, exclude from the "Community industry" producers which are related to exporters or importers or are themselves importers of the dumped product. The discretion must be exercised on a case-by-case basis, subject to review by the Court, by reference to all the relevant facts.

8. In determining the existence of injury, the Community institutions are not obliged to take into consideration the profits or losses made by Community producers on their activities in the sector concerned as a whole. In accordance with Article 4(4) of the basic anti-dumping regulation, Regulation No 2176/84, the effect of the dumped imports must be assessed in relation to the Community production of the like product.

9. The question whether, in the event of the existence of injury resulting from dumping practices, the interests of the Community call for Community intervention involves appraisal of complex economic situations. Judicial review of such an appraisal must be limited to verifying whether the relevant procedural rules have been complied with, whether the facts on which the choice is based have been accurately stated and whether there has been a manifest error of appraisal or a misuse of powers.