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Paragraph 53 of the Law on copyright and related rights (Gesetz über Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte, Urheberrechtsgesetz) of 9 September 1965 (BGBl. I, p. 1273), as amended by Paragraph 1 of the Law of 10 September 2003 (BGBl. I, p. 1274) (‘the UrhG’) is worded as follows: ‘Reproduction for private use and other personal uses (1) It shall be permissible for a natural person to make single copies of a work for private use on any medium, provided that they do not serve any commercial purpose either directly or indirectly and provided that they are not copied from an obviously unlawfully produced model. A person authorised to make copies may have such copies made by another person where this is done free of charge or where this involves copies on paper or any similar medium, effected by the use of any kind of photomechanical technique or by some other process having similar effects. (2) It shall be permissible to make single copies of a work or to have these made: 1. for personal scientific use if and to the extent that such reproduction is necessary for that purpose; 2. for inclusion in a personal archive if and to the extent that the reproduction is necessary for that purpose and a personal copy of the work is used as the model from which the copy is made; 3. for personal information concerning current affairs if the work was broadcast; 4. for all other personal use: (a) in the case of small parts of a released work or individual articles published in newspapers or periodicals; (b) in the case of a work which has been out of print for at least two years. Those provisions shall apply in the case referred to in the first sentence, point 2, only if in addition, 1. the copy is produced on paper or any similar medium by the use of any kind of photomechanical technique or by some other process having similar effects, or 2. use is exclusively analogue in nature, or 3. the archive is not used for any direct or indirect economic or commercial purpose. Those provisions shall apply in the cases referred to under the first sentence, points 3 and 4, only if in addition one of the conditions under the second sentence, points 1 or 2, is satisfied. (3) It shall be permissible to make copies or have copies made of small parts of a work, of small-scale works or of individual articles published in newspapers or periodicals or made available to the public if those copies are for personal use in the following cases: 1. for teaching purposes in schools, in non-commercial training and further training institutions, as well as in vocational training institutions in the quantities required for a class of students, or 2. for state examinations and examinations in schools, higher education institutions, non-commercial training and further training institutions, as well as vocational training institutions in the required quantities, if and to the extent that the making of copies is required for those purposes. (4) The reproduction of (a) graphic recordings of musical works; (b) a book or a periodical, in the case of reproduction which is more or less complete, to the extent that this does not occur by means of manual transcription, shall be permissible only with the consent of the rightholder or under the conditions in subparagraph (2), point 2, or for personal use, if the work has been out of print for at least two years. (5) Subparagraph (1), subparagraph (2), points 2 to 4, and subparagraph (3), point 2, shall not apply to databases whose the elements are individually accessible by electronic means. Subparagraph (2), point 1, and subparagraph (3), point 1, shall apply to such databases on condition that the scientific use or educational use does not have commercial purposes. (6) The copies may neither be distributed nor communicated to the public. It shall, however, be permissible to lend lawfully produced copies of newspapers and out-of-print works, as well as those works in which small damaged or missing parts have been replaced by copies. (7) The recording of public lectures, productions or performances of a work on video or audio recording mediums, the realisation of plans and sketches of artistic works and the construction of a copy of architectural works shall be permissible only with the consent of the rightholder.’