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Article 3 of that decision, headed ‘Definitions’, stated: ‘For the purposes of this Decision, the following definitions shall apply: … (b) “product benchmark sub-installation” means inputs, outputs and corresponding emissions relating to the production of a product for which a benchmark has been set in Annex I; (c) “heat benchmark sub-installation” means inputs, outputs and corresponding emissions not covered by a product benchmark sub-installation relating to the production, the import from an installation or other entity covered by the Union scheme, or both, of measurable heat which is: – consumed within the installation’s boundaries for the production of products, for the production of mechanical energy other than used for the production of electricity, for heating or cooling with the exception of the consumption for the production of electricity, or – exported to an installation or other entity not covered by the Union scheme with the exception of the export for the production of electricity; (d) “fuel benchmark sub-installation” means inputs, outputs and corresponding emissions not covered by a product benchmark sub-installation relating to the production of non-measurable heat by fuel combustion consumed for the production of products, for the production of mechanical energy other than used for the production of electricity, for heating or cooling with the exception of the consumption for the production of electricity, including safety flaring; (e) “measurable heat” means a net heat flow transported through identifiable pipelines or ducts using a heat transfer medium, such as, in particular, steam, hot air, water, oil, liquid metals and salts, for which a heat meter is or could be installed; … (g) “non-measurable heat” means all heat other than measurable heat; (h) “process emissions sub-installation” means greenhouse gas emissions listed in Annex I to Directive [2003/87] other than [CO2], which occur outside the system boundaries of a product benchmark listed in Annex I, or [CO2] emissions, which occur outside the system boundaries of a product benchmark listed in Annex I, as a result of any of the following activities and emissions stemming from the combustion of incompletely oxidised carbon produced as a result of the following activities for the purpose of the production of measurable heat, non-measurable heat or electricity provided that emissions that would have occurred from the combustion of an amount of natural gas, equivalent to the technically usable energy content of the combusted incompletely oxidised carbon, are subtracted: (i) the chemical or electrolytic reduction of metal compounds in ores, concentrates and secondary materials; (ii) the removal of impurities from metals and metal compounds; (iii) the decomposition of carbonates, excluding those for flue gas scrubbing; (iv) chemical syntheses where the carbon bearing material participates in the reaction, for a primary purpose other than the generation of heat; (v) the use of carbon containing additives or raw materials for a primary purpose other than the generation of heat; (vi) the chemical or electrolytic reduction of metalloid oxides or non-metal oxides such as silicon oxides and phosphates; …’