EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 31.10.2019 SWD(2019) 396 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Technical information Accompanying the document Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council Preparing the ground for raising long-term ambition





EU Climate Action Progress Report 2019 {COM(2019) 559 final}



Contents 1. OVERVIEW OF EU CLIMATE TARGETS 2. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS COVERED BY THE KYOTO PROTOCOL AND THE CLIMATE AND ENERGY PACKAGE 3. EU GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY SECTOR 4. GREENHOUSE GAS INTENSITY IN THE EU AND ITS MEMBER STATES 5. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS PER CAPITA IN THE EU AND ITS MEMBER STATES 6. EU ETS EMISSIONS 7. EMISSIONS COVERED BY THE EFFORT SHARING LEGISLATION 8. USE OF REVENUES FROM THE AUCTIONING OF EU ETS ALLOWANCES 1. OVERVIEW OF EU CLIMATE TARGETS Table 1: Overview of EU climate targets. International commitments EU domestic legislation The EU’s commitment under the Kyoto Protocol The EU’s commitment under the Paris Agreement 2020 Climate and Energy Package 2030 Climate and Energy Framework EU ETS Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) EU ETS Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR) LULUCF Target year of period Second commitment period (2013-2020) (target for EU-28) Already in force – covers the period post 2020 2013-2020 2013-2020 2021-2030 2021-2030 2021-2030 Emission reduction target -20 % at least -40 % in 2030 -21 % in 2020 compared to 2005 for ETS emissions Annual targets by MS. In 2020 -10 % compared to 2005 for non-ETS emissions -43 % in 2030 compared to 2005 for ETS emissions Annual targets by MS. In 2030 -30 % compared to 2005 for non-ETS emissions 0% (no-debit target based on accounting rules) Overall target: -20 % GHG emissions reduction vs 1990" Overall target: at least -40 % domestic GHG emissions reduction vs 1990 Further targets - • limiting global warming to well below 2°C.;

• every 5 years to set more ambitious targets as required by science;

• report on implementation/ track progress towards the long-term goal through a robust transparency and accountability system. • balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century. Renewable Energy Directive: 20 % share of renewable energy of gross final energy consumption; At least 32 % share of renewable energy in EU energy consumption (with an upward review by 2023); Energy Efficiency Directive : Increase energy efficiency by 20 %. At least 32.5 % improvement in energy efficiency (with an upward review by 2023). Base year 1990, but subject to flexibility rules. 1995 or 2000 may be used as its base year for NF3 1990 2005 2005 2005 2005 Subject to accounting rules 1990 for overall emission reduction target 1990 for overall emission reduction target LULUCF Included: afforestation, reforestation and deforestation (ARD) and forest management, other activities if elected (new accounting rules) Included: Contributes to the commitment of decreasing emissions by at least -40%. Excluded from target, but reported in inventories. Included: Contributes to the commitment of decreasing emissions by at least -40%. Aviation Domestic aviation included. International aviation not attributed. Economy-wide action encouraged EU ETS: Domestic (national) and some international aviation included. ESD: Aviation generally excluded EU ETS: Domestic and some international aviation included. ESR: Aviation generally excluded Use of international credits Use of KP flexible mechanisms subject to KP rules The EU will not use international credits (according to its NDC) Upper limit for credit use for period 2008-2020 at a maximum of 50 % of the reduction effort below 2005 levels Annual use of carbon credits is limited to up to 3 % of each Member State's ESD emissions in 2005 No No No Carry-over of units from preceeding periods Subject to KP rules including those agreed in the Doha Amendment No EU ETS allowances can be banked into subsequent ETS trading periods since the second trading period No carry over from previous period Indefinite validity of allowances not limited to trading periods, no need to carry over. No No Gases covered CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3 CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3 CO2, N2O, PFCs, CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6 CO2, N2O, PFCs, CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3 CO2 Sectors included Energy, IPPU, agriculture, waste, LULUCF Energy, IPPU, agriculture, waste, LULUCF Energy, IPPU, agriculture, waste, LULUCF Power & heat generation, energy-intensive industry sectors, aviation Transport (except aviation), buildings, non-ETS industry, agriculture (non-CO2) and waste Power & heat generation, energy-intensive industry sectors, aviation Transport (except aviation), buildings, non-ETS industry, agriculture (non CO2) and waste Land use, land use change and forestry GWPs used IPCC SAR IPCC AR4 IPCC AR4 IPCC AR4 IPCC AR4 Applicable to number of MS 15 (additional KP targets for single MS) EU-28 and Iceland 28 Member States + possibly Iceland and Norway 28 28 2. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS COVERED BY THE KYOTO PROTOCOL AND THE CLIMATE AND ENERGY PACKAGE Table 2: Emissions covered by the EU Climate and Energy Package and by the Kyoto Protocol, second commitment period 1990, 2017 and 2020 targets (Mt CO2-eq. and % change from base year emissions) Base year emissions (Mt CO2-eq.) 1990 emissions (Mt CO2-eq.) 2017 emissions (Mt CO2-eq.) 2017 emissions (% change from base year) 2020 targets (Mt CO2-eq.) 2020 target (% change from base year) Climate and energy package: Total GHG emissions, including international aviation (EU Convention scope) 5723 5723 4483 -22% 4578 -20% Kyoto Protocol: Total GHG emissions, excluding international aviation (EU KP scope + Iceland) 5876 5664 4337 -26% 4701 -20% Table 2 shows progress towards the EU’s 2020 targets as defined under the EU Climate and Energy Package and under the Kyoto Protocol. The differences between the two approaches are described in table 1. Notably, emissions from international aviation are included in the Climate and Energy Package, but excluded under the Kyoto Protocol. The geographical scope of the commitment under the Kyoto protocol includes Iceland and certain regions not included in the Climate and Energy Package.

Under the Kyoto Protocol, base year emissions differs from 1990 because some Member States have used a different base year. Moreover, for NF3 emissions, 1995 or 2000 may have been used as base year. Under the Kyoto Protocol, Member States also need to account for emissions and removals from certain categories of land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) by applying the accounting rules of the Kyoto Protocol. Table 2 does not include emissions and removals from LULUCF. For the EU as a whole, the LULUCF sector has been a net accounted sink in 2013-2017, thereby contributing to achieving the commitment.



3. EU GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY SECTOR Figure 1: EU greenhouse gas emissions by sector, historical data (1990-2018) and projections (2019-2030). Figure 2: EU greenhouse gas emissions by sector 2017 (in % of total emissions). The sectors used in Figure 1 and 2 correspond to the following IPCC sectors: ·Energy supply: 1A1, 1B and 1C, ·Energy use in manufacturing industries: 1A2, ·Industrial processes and product use: 2, ·Transport: 1A3, ·Other energy use: 1A4, 1A5 and 6, ·Agriculture: 3, ·Waste: 5,

·International aviation: memo item.

4. GREENHOUSE GAS INTENSITY IN THE EU AND ITS MEMBER STATES Figure 3: Greenhouse gas emissions intensity (i.e. the ratio between emissions and GDP) in the EU and its Member States 1990, 2005 and 2018 (g CO2-eq./ EUR). 5. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS PER CAPITA IN THE EU AND ITS MEMBER STATES Figure 4: Greenhouse gas emissions per capita in the EU and its Member States 1990, 2005 and 2016 (tonnes CO2-eq. per capita).



6. EU ETS EMISSIONS Table 3: Verified ETS emissions from stationary installations (Mt CO2-eq. and percentage change from year X-1). 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Verified total emissions 1904 1867 1908 1814 1803 1750 1755 1682 Change from year x-1 -1.8% -2,0% 2.2% -4.9% -0.6% -2.9% 0.2% -4.1% Verified emissions from power sector 1190 1184 1125 1037 1032 992 985 913 Change from year x-1 -0,5% -5,0% -7,8% -0,5% -3,8% -0,7% -7,3% Verified emissions from industrial installations 715 683 783 777 771 758 769 769 Change from year x-1 -4,5% 14,7% -0,9% -0,7% -1,7% 1,4% -0,1%