COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
Brussels, 06.12.1996 
COM(96) 645 final 
TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORKS 
1996 ANNUAL REPORT 
Communication from the Commission to the European Council, the 
Council and the European Parliament 

INTRODUCTION 1 
1. SUMMARY 2 
2. PROGRESS ACHIEVED ON SPECIFIC PROJECTS 4 
A. ENERGY 4 
B. TELECOMMUNICATIONS 4 
C. TRANSPORT 5 
3. TEN-RELATED LEGISLATION 7 
A. GUIDELINES AND RELATED LEGISLATION 7 
B. TEN GUIDELINES COMMITTEES 8 
C. EDICOM AND IDA LEGAL BASIS 8 
4. FINANCING THE TEN: ACTIVITIES OF THE UNION'S FINANCIAL 
INSTRUMENTS 11 
A. TEN FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE REGULATION 11 
B. STRUCTURAL FUNDS 15 
B.l Regional Fund 15 
B.2. Cohesion Fund 15 
C. EIB AND ECSC LOANS 17 
D. EIF 18 
F. EVALUATION 19 
5. FINANCING THE TEN: OTHER ISSUES 20 
A. TRANS-EUROPEAN TRANSPORT BUDGET 20 
B. PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPP) 20 
General 20 
Kinnock High-Level Group •. . . 21 
Public policy risks consultation 22 
C. EIF EQUITY PARTICIPATION 22 
6. EXTERNAL RELATIONS . 23 
A. CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES (CEEC) 23 
TINA (Transport Infrastructure Needs Assessment) 23 
Helsinki Pan-European Transport Conference 23 
A 
PHARE 23 
Electricity link-ups 24 
Natural gas link-ups 24 
Energy Charter 24 
EU-CEEC Forum on the information society 24 
B. MEDITERRANEAN BASIN COUNTRIES 25 
Electricity link-ups 25 
Natural gas link-ups 25 
Euro-Mediterranean forum on energy 25 
Euro-Mediterranean forum on the Information Society 25 
Transport 25 
C. OTHER COUNTRIES 26 
7. POLITICAL AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS 27 
A. ENERGY 27 
B. TELECOMMUNICATIONS 27 
C. TRANSPORT 27 
8. THE TEN AS A SOURCE OF EMPLOYMENT 29 
A. CONFIDENCE PACT 29 
B. REPORT TO THE EP 29 
9. OTHER UNION POLICIES WITH A TEN DIMENSION 32 
A. EUROPEAN COMPANY STATUTE , 32 
B. COMPETITION POLICY 32 
C. PUBLIC PROCUREMENT . 32 
D. COMPLEMENTARITY WITH STRUCTURAL POLICIES •. . . 33 
E. TRANSPORT POLICY 33 
F. ENVIRONMENT 33 
ANNEX I: PROGRESS MADE ON THE ENERGY NETWORKS IN 1996 35 
ANNEX II: PROGRESS MADE ON THE TRANSPORT NETWORKS IN 1996 48 
ANNEX III: LIST OF TENFAC MEETINGS SEPT. 1995 - DEC. 1996 52 
ANNEX IV: ENERGY PROJECTS FINANCED UNDER REGULATION 2236/95 53 
ANNEX V: TELECOMS PROJECTS FINANCED UNDER REGULATION 2236/95 57 
st 
ANNEX VI: IDA TELEMATIC PROJECTS FINANCED IN 1996 59 
ANNEX VII: TRANSPORT PROJECTS FINANCED FINDER REGULATION 2236/95 .... 62 
ANNEX VIII: MAJOR TEN PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE REGIONAL AND COHESION FUNDS 
IN 1996 70 
ANNEX IX : EIB LOANS FOR TEN AND TEN-RELATED PROJECTS 75 
ANNEX X : "THE LIKELY MACROECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT IMPACT OF INVESTMENTS 
IN TRANS-EUROPEAN TRANSPORT NETWORKS" 78 
3 
INTRODUCTION 
The European Council requested that the Commission submit to it each year in 
December, a report on the trans-European networks. 
Furthermore, article 16 of the TEN Financial assistance regulation requires the 
Commission to submit an annual report on the activities carried out under this 
regulation to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social 
Committee and to the Committee of the Regions for their appraisal. 
To avoid duplication, the Commission has combined these two annual reports 
into this present document. 
1. SUMMARY 
The. year under review saw major efforts to make substantial progress towards the 
implementation of the TEN: 
• the adoption at last of the guidelines for the energy and transport TEN and the 
imminent adoption of those for telecommunications; 
on the basis of the figures available for the first ten months of the year, Union 
funding of TEN projects in 1996 will be substantially higher than in 1995; 
steady if unspectacular advances on many of the TEN projects; 
recognition, in particular in the Confidence Pact for Employment, of the 
significant role the TEN can play in stimulating employment; 
the setting up of a High-level group of government and private sector 
representatives to propose recommendations on how public/private partnerships 
could be facilitated in the transport priority projects (henceforth called "specific 
projects"); 
valuable preparatory work on connecting the TEN to the Union's neighbours, 
especially in the applicant central and eastern European countries (with a view 
to enlargement) and the Mediterranean Basin; 
first year of normal implementation of TEN-Telecoms after the adoption of the 
Euro-ISDN guidelines in November 1995; 
• the IDA programme reached its cruising speed; 
in addition, the breakthrough as regards the liberalisation of the electricity 
market, the resumption of negotiations on the liberalisation of the gas sector, 
the Commission's various Green and White Papers on internalising the external 
costs of transport infrastructure, the "Citizens" Network" and the revitalisation 
of the railways all contributed to create a more favourable context for the TEN. 
But important obstacles remain and call for further significant efforts to overcome 
them and there have been disappointments: 
• the Ecofin Council failed to reach agreement in October on the "topping up" of 
the budgetary resources for the 14 transport specific projects; 
• in the telecommunication sector, the basic bottleneck is the lack of applications 
and services in domains of public interest matching the socio-economic needs 
of citizens and SMEs; in this area, the uncertainty on short term commercial 
viability, due to the innovative character of the application or service and the 
difficult organisational requirements can discourage private initiative; 
too many national administrations still see problems in purely national terms, 
rather than viewing them in Union-wide terms and in a network perspective 
and therefore do not give the TEN the priority they deserve; 
the legal framework at Union level may, in certain cases, not be sufficiently 
adapted to the specific needs of large scale infrastructure projects of common 
interest in the transport sector and its application requires early clarification; 
as regards PPP, problems have been identified in particular relating to transport 
pricing, public procurement and the European Company Statute; 
authorization difficulties are holding back some of the electricity priority 
projects; in particular, France decided unilaterally in February to abandon the 
planned route for the Cazaril - Aragon link-up. 
There is therefore an urgent need to: 
continue the in-depth analysis of the financial situation of the priority transport 
projects and facilitate private sector involvement (public-private partnerships), 
especially for those projects where there are limits to traditional public 
financing; 
stress the Union benefit of the TEN transport projects (and to develop 
appropriate methods to quantify this benefit). On this basis, Member States 
should be persuaded to adapt their national priorities to European priorities; 
Union financial instruments should support this objective; 
where necessary, seek appropriate improvements in the legal framework at 
Union level or clarification regarding the application of the rules, in order to 
facilitate the implementation of the priority transport projects, and in particular 
the development of public-private partnerships for these projects. The Kinnock 
High-level Group will explore the relevant issues. 
• increase efforts among Member States to co-ordinate, simplify and accelerate 
procedures for the granting of authorizations while making transparent the 
environmental and other criteria for approval of projects on their territories; 
this is particularly necessary in the case of electricity projects, with their higher 
degree of visibility; 
to foster the launch of interoperable applications and services which 
demonstrate the transition towards the information society and demonstrate 
clear socio-economic benefits for citizens and SMEs. 
2. PROGRESS ACHIEVED ON SPECIFIC PROJECTS 
A. ENERGY 
As regards the 10 specific projects identified by the Essen European Council, good 
progress was made in 1996 on the gas projects. Most electricity projects still 
encounter problems in obtaining authorizations, particularly for environmental reasons 
(see also chapter 7-A), while for some of them financing has not yet been settled. 
Progress was made in particular on the following projects with the involvement of the 
EIB: 
The construction of the Algeria/Morocco/Iberian Peninsula main gas pipeline is 
completed. 
The main pipeline for the Greek natural gas project has been built and the 
financing of the remaining works for the high pressure gas transmission 
network has been secured thanks to an EIB loan. 
As regards the Russia-Belarus-Poland-EU gas pipeline, the connection of 
Eastern Germany with Western Poland is now complete and work has 
commenced on other sections in Germany and in Poland. 
The Northern Portugal-Spain electricity connection is now partly operational 
though the project is not yet completed. 
Progress has also been achieved on an additional number of non-priority energy 
projects included in the Guidelines as adopted by the Council and the European 
Parliament, together with other projects proposed by the Commission for inclusion in 
those Guidelines (see Annex I for the state of advancement of these projects). 
B. TELECOMMUNICATIONS 
The TEN-Telecoms action in 1996 was based on the Euro-ISDN guidelines already in 
force. With the adoption of the new set of guidelines in December or in early 1997, the 
Commission's action will be able to expand to its full extent in 1997. 
This year, a number of validation and demonstration projects were selected following the 
call for proposals published on 13 April 1996; they involve 63 partners in 14 Member 
States. They address a number of areas where there are clear socio-economic interests to 
use advanced telecommunications applications and services: network of city information 
highways, tele-medicine, distance education and training, access network to cultural 
heritage generic services, telework and electronic commerce for SMEs. A detailed list of 
the projects is to be found in Annex VI. 
The results of the call have shown that promoters encounter difficulties in organising their 
partnerships and their business plans for trans-European projects of this kind. Financial 
institutions also have problems in providing funds for the implementation of projects, 
where the immaterial part is so important. 
After its formal adoption by the Council in November 19951, the IDA (Interchange of 
Data between Administrations) programme reached its cruising speed in 1996. The IDA 
work programme, after having received unanimous support from the Member States, was 
adopted by the Commission on 4 July 19962. Among the actions launched are: 
• Pilot and operational networks for the exchange of data between administrations in 
key fields such as social security, employment services, customs and indirect 
taxation, agriculture, fisheries, public procurement, statistics, commercial policy, 
competition policy, support to a number of European Agencies and the Union 
decision-making process. 
• Implementation of e-mail communication facilities for the European Institutions, and 
the necessary connections with a number of committees. 
• A number of horizontal measures addressing issues common to all networks and 
fostering the implementation of common, re-usable solutions, in order to optimise 
interoperability, streamline network development and ensure value for money. 
A detailed list of these various projects is to be found in Annex VII 
The "IDA '96 Conference" in Rome on 20-21 June 1996 served to disseminate up-to-
date results and examine the further development of trans-European telematic networks 
for public administrations. The debate highlighted the strategic role that these networks 
can play as a catalyst of industrial competitiveness in the Information Society. 
C. TRANSPORT 
Steady if unspectacular progress was made in 1996 on the implementation of the 14 
specific projects agreed at the Essen European Council in December 1994. Details are 
to be found in Annex III. Mention should be made here nevertheless of some of the 
more important and symbolic advances: 
• A new company was set up to plan the Austrian part (Lower Inn Valley section) of 
the Brenner axis between Munchen and Verona; 
• work has started on the construction of the new HST line between Leipzig and 
Niirnberg; 
• the UK authorities awarded the operating concession for the HST rail link between 
London and the Channel to the London & Continental railways consortium; 
• The "déclaration d'utilité publique" was granted to the French part of the HST East; 
Council decision 95/468/EC of 6.11.95, OJ L 269 of 11.11.95, p. 23 
SEC(96)1251/4 
• An intergovernmental commission was set up to study the legal structure of the 
future entity responsible for the implementation of the Lyon-Torino project. 
• For the Torino-Milano and Milano-Venezia sections, concessions have been granted 
to the Italian High-Speed Rail company TAV. 
• Two concessions have been granted for sub-projects of the Greek motorway 
PATHE: the Rio-Antirio fixed link and the Athens bypass. 
• Work on the Danish access routes to the Ôresund Fixed Link has been progressing 
well and is expected to be completed next year. 
• The Cork-Dublin-Belfast-Larne-Stranraer railway link will be completed in 1996 as 
far as the part in the Irish Republic is concerned; the sections in the UK are 
expected to be completed in 1997. 
At the same time, progress has been made on some other projects of common interest 
identified in the guidelines, notably: the Semmering base tunnel project in Austria, the 
Berlin-Hannover HST link in Germany, the Milano-Bologna-Firenze-Roma-Napoli 
HST link in Italy as well as a number of ports projects and projects in the telematics 
sector. 
3. TEN-RELATED LEGISLATION 
A. GUIDELINES AND RELATED LEGISLATION 
The year under review saw the long-awaited adoption by the EP and the Council of 
the guidelines for the energy and transport networks on, respectively, 5 June (the 
Council had already adopted the decision on the accompanying measures for the 
energy sector on 28 March)3 and 23 July4. The telecommunications guidelines are 
expected to be adopted in December 1996 or early 1997. This represents a major step 
forward. 
The Council also adopted the directive on HST interoperability5 on 23 July. 
Following the mandate from the Essen European Council concerning environment 
networks and the definition in 1995 of criteria for "Joint Environmental Projects" 
(JEPs), the Environment Policy Review Group, consisting of Directors-General from 
the Member states's environment ministries, at its meeting in September 1996, decided 
that each member would by 15 November 1996 indicate whether further exploring the 
potential of the project examples there was an interest in further defining pre-
feasibility terms of reference and future steps. The responses received from the 
Member States up to 15 November indicate that there is no interest in further pursuing 
Joint environmental projects within the criteria set for the water and waste sectors. 
On 24 July the Commission put forward a proposal6 to modify the original list of 43 
energy projects of common interest in the guidelines by adding a further 31 projects. 
This modification was necessary to take account of the enlargement of the Union to 
Austria, Finland and Sweden, to reflect the rapid evolution of the energy situation in 
Europe since the Commission first made its proposals in 1994 and to honour 
commitments made during the negotiation of the initial decision. The European 
Parliament approved this proposal without amendments (at its first reading, on 12 
November 1996). 
Although not strictly related to the networks as such, mention is made here 
nevertheless of the major breakthrough in June 1996 on the liberalisation of the 
electricity market, when an extraordinary Energy Council reached political agreement 
on a common position on the draft Electricity Directive which was then formalized by 
the Council in July. 
Decision no. 1254/96/EC; OJ L 161 of 29 June 1996 
Decision no. 1692/96/EC; OJ L 228 of 9 September 1996 
Directive 96/48/EC; OJ L235 of 17 September 1996 
COM (96) 390 
Encouraged by this success the Council pesumed, under the Irish Presidency, the 
negotiation of the Commission's proposals for implementing the internal market in the 
gas sector. In parallel, the Presidency and the Commission had an extensive round of 
consultations with all parties interested in gas market liberalization. The Treaty rules 
including the competition rules and procedures, are naturally applicable to the energy 
sector. This means in particular that TEN should not lead to a reinforcement of any 
dominant position of undertakings which control them. 
Following the political agreement among Member States to liberalise all 
telecommunications services and infrastructure by 1st January 1998, with a transition 
period for certain Member States, the Commission adopted in February 1996 a 
Directive amending the 90/388/EEC Services Directive. It also specified that 
restrictions on use of alternative infrastructure for services already liberalised should 
be lifted by 1 July 1996. 
B. TEN GUIDELINES COMMITTEES 
Following the adoption of the various guidelines, three new committees have/will 
come into existence: 
- a committee (type III A) for the energy TEN; it met once and gave a favourable 
opinion on the Commission's proposals to specify the list of projects of common 
interest; 
- an advisory committee for the transport TEN for the exchange of information on 
plans and programmes; it held its first meeting on 18 November and discussed its 
function and structure and general questions of implementing the guidelines. 
- a committee (type III A) is expected to be set up for the telecommunications TEN; 
its initial meeting will take place early in 1997. 
These committees are of course quite distinct- from the TEN financial assistance 
committee in its various forms (set up under Council Regulation 2236/95 to assist the 
Commission in granting financial aid for TEN projects of common interest - see 
chapter 4A below) and should not be confused with it. 
C. EDICOM AND IDA LEGAL BASIS 
The Edicom programme is an inter-administration telematic network for statistics in 
relation to the trading of goods between Member states. On 26 March the Court of 
Justice, acting on a complaint lodged by the EP, with the backing of the Commission, 
ruled that the programme should have been based on article 129 D of Title XII of the 
Treaty and not on article 235. The Commission promptly presented a modified 
proposal based on article 129 D, renewing the programme for the period 1996-2000. 
The European Parliament, supported by the Commission, has also brought a case 
before the Court of Justice for the repeal of the Council decision adopting the IDA 
programme, arguing that the legal basis for this decision should have been art. 129D 
of the EC Treaty (concerning trans-European networks). A judgement is not expected 
before 1997. 
Tabic 1: EU FINANCING OF THE TEN (million ECU) 
Sector 
TRANSPORT 
ENERGY 
TELECOMMUNICATIONS Type of assistance 
Loans 
Guarantees 
Grants 
Grants, interest, 
rate subsidies, loan 
guarantees, co-
financing of studies 
Loans 
Guarantees 
Grants 
Co-financing of 
studies 
Loans 
Guarantees 
Grants 
Co-financing of 
studies Instrument 
EIB' 2 
EIF l2 
ERDF1 ' 
Cohesion Fund 
TEN budget line 
(of which the 14 
specific projects) 
EIB1 2 
EIF12 
ERDF' 3 
TEN budget line 
EIB12 
EIF12 
ERDF1 ' 
TEN budget line 1993-1994 
4 028 
75.9 
884.0 
1887.5 
385 
180 
1 077 
207.7 
675.7 
0 
3 787.8 
156.1 
294.7 
18 1995 
3 310 
85.2 
115.0 
1 107.6 
240 
181,05 
745 
11.90 
87.8 
12 
506.6 
19.40 
0 
22 1996 
to date 
2 229 
303 
2 639 
1088 
280 
211.23 
1 067 
240 
1 265 
[9+7] 
1 063 
9 
173 
18 TOTAL 
to date 
9 567 
" 461.40 
3 638 
4 083.1 
905 
572.28 
2 889 
459.6 
2 028.5 
[21+7] 
5 357.4 
184.5 
467.7 
58 
TEN and TEN-related projects 
Signed projects 
Usually includes appropriations committed, for the 1996-99 period. 
4. FINANCING THE TEN: ACTIVITIES OF THE UNION'S 
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 
Table 1 on the preceding page gives an overall view of Union financial support for TEN 
and TEN related projects. Since the figures for 1996 refer in some cases to only the first 
ten or eleven months of the year it is not possible to compare them exactly with those for 
1995; it is clear however that there has been a significant increase of funding in most if 
not all sectors. 
This table, and those which follow, deal only with Union funding. It must be 
remembered, however, that the Member States and the private sector also contribute to 
the financing of the TEN, in many cases investing much more than the Union. In future 
reports an effort will be made to include such figures when available. 
A. TEN FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE REGULATION 
The TEN financial assistance committee (TENFAC), set up under Council Regulation 
2236/954 came into existence formally in September 1995 and held its first meeting on 
10 October of the same year. 
It discussed energy matters at two meetings in 1995 and gave a favourable opinion on 
24 feasibility and other studies to which the Commission proposed to grant aid totalling 
ECU 12.2 million. These studies concerned 12 projects of common interest from the 
Guidelines list, of which three were Essen priority projects (the France-Spain and the 
Spain-Portugal electricity interconnections and the Greek natural gas project). 
In 1996 the Committee met once to discuss energy questions and approved 36 feasibility 
and other studies for which the Commission is proposing grant aid totalling ECU 16 
million. Further details are to be found in Annex IV. These studies concern 8 projects 
from the guidelines list, of which two are Essen priority projects (the France-Spain 
electricity interconnection and the Greek natural gas project), as well as 14 projects from 
the additional list proposed by the Commission. 
TABLE 2: ENERGY 
ELECTRICITY 
GAS 
TOTAL 1995 
MECU 
6.5 
5.7 
12.2 % 
53% 
47% 
100% 1996 
[Guidelines + additional list] 
MECU 
3.73 + 3.88 
5.17 + 3.59 
8.90 + 7.47 % 
46% 
54% 
100% 
OJ L 228 of 23 September 1995 
Under the TEN Regulation, financial assistance for energy projects is normally 
restricted to feasibility studies, and this was the case in 1995 and 1996. However, 
given that in some cases projects may be delayed and financing problems thus arise, 
the Commission would like to keep open the possibility of using some of the resources 
available as other forms of assistance, on the basis of case-by-case justification. 
The TENFAC committee discussed telecommunications projects at two of its meetings 
in 1995 and gave a favourable opinion on 18 ISDN measures for which the 
Commission proposed financial assistance totalling ECU 11.4 million. This brought to 
a total of ECU 22.6 million the total financial aid granted by the Commission under 
the TEN-Telecom budget line in 1995. A list of these measures is to be found in 
Annex V. 
In 1996 the committee devoted one meeting to telecommunications and approved 11 
validation and demonstration projects amounting to ECU 18.101 million. These 
projects, unlike those in the energy or transport sectors, do not relate to bearer 
physical infrastructure, but to telecommunication applications of public interest and 
generic services. They are specified through a procedure of open call for proposals, on 
the basis of criteria, priorities and eligible domains of public interest defined in the 
relevant legislation. 
TABLE 3: TELECOMMUNICATIONS 
Health 
Education 
Culture 
City 
information 
Transport 
Interoperability 
of generic 
services 
Electronic 
commerce 
Tele-working 
TOTAL 1995 
MECU 
0.75 
2.81 
-
-
1.23 
1.76 
3.62 
1.19 
11.37 % 
6.6 
24.7 
- -
-
10.8 
15.5 
31.9 
10.5 
100% 1996 
MECU 
0.51 
0.49 
2.59 
5.00 
-
3.71 
2.83 
2.94 
18.10 % 
2.8 
2.7 
14.3 
27.6 
-
20.6 
15.7 
16.3 
100% 
12 
As regards transport, the TEN financial assistance committee held one meeting in 
1995 and gave a favourable opinion on 92 projects and studies for which the 
Commission proposed financial assistance totalling ECU 240 million. 
The committee held two meetings in 1996. At its meeting on 8th May it welcomed the 
Commission 's multiannual indicative programme (MIP) as a framework for granting 
financial assistance from the TEN-Transport budget line for projects of common 
interest in the period 1996-99. This framework should facilitate the work of the 
committee in the transport sector in the years ahead. At its meeting on 25 July the 
Committee gave a favourable opinion on 107 projects and studies for which the 
Commission proposed financial assistance totalling ECU 280 million. Further details 
are to be found in Annex VII. 
Table 4 gives a break-down of Union financing of transport projects by main sectors. 
In accordance with the decision of the Cannes European Council, 75%) of the money 
available was given over to the 14 specific projects in 1995 and 1996. 
TABLE 4: TRANSPORT (TYPE OF PROJECT) 
14 specific 
projects 
(including 
ERTMS) 
Traffic 
management 
Other 
TOTAL 1995 
MECU 
181.05 
45.42 
13.53 
240 % 
75.44 
18.92 
5.64 
100% 1996 
MECU 
211.23 
49.65 
19.12 
280 % 
75.44 
17.73 
6.83 
100% 
Table 5 shows the break-down of the Union's financing of transport projects by the 
various types of intervention. It should be stressed that the predominance of studies as 
compared to other types of intervention is perfectly normal. The Union's role is to act 
as a catalyst by facilitating the launching of projects, hence the emphasis on feasibility 
and other studies, which reduce the level of risk in their development stage. In the 
Commission's opinion, the co-financing of feasibility studies is the most efficient way 
of spending the Union's limited budget. The Union's financial resources are not meant 
to replace funding at the national level but to help mobilize additional, non-traditional 
funds, in particular in the context of PPP. The financing of the actual construction 
works is primarily the responsibility of the promoters, helped, if need be, with interest 
rebates and guarantee premium subsidies, which explains why only a small percentage 
of Union resources under Regulation 2236/95 is given over to this type of funding. 
13 
TABLE 5: TRANSPORT (TYPE OF INTERVENTION) 
Feasibility 
studies 
Interest rebates 
Loan guarantees 
Direct grants 
TOTAL 1995 
MECU 
170.10 
24.41 
0 
45.49 
240 % 
70.88 
10.17 
0 
18.95 
100% 1996 
MECU 
189.59 
72.71 
0 
17.70 
280 % 
67.71 
25.97 
0 
6.32 
100% 
As Table 6 shows, by far the greater part of Union spending on transport under 
Regulation 2236/95 goes to rail projects. This reflects the fact that this mode is given 
high priority at national and Union level and that great efforts are being made to 
advance these projects which are, in many cases, characterized by their particularly 
high cost, large scale and cross-border nature. But it also translates the Commission's 
political commitment to favour transport modes that are as environment-friendly as 
possible. 
TABLE 6: TRANSPORT PROJECTS (MODE) 
Rail5 
Road 
Inland 
waterways 
Sea / ports 
Air 
Traffic 
management 
TOTAL 1995 
MECU 
165.16 
18.81 
0 
0.52 
2.59 
52.92 
240 % 
68.82 
7,83 
0 
0.22 
1.08 
22.05 
100% 1996 
MECU 
173.62 
35.37 
1.50 
3.66 
3.77 
62.08 
280 % 
62.01 
12.63 
0.54 
1.30 
1.35 
22.17 
100% 
Includes partially combined transport 
14 
B. STRUCTURAL FUNDS 
The Union's Regional (ERDF) and Cohesion Funds are by far the main source of 
Union grants for TEN projects, as table 1 above clearly brings out. The Regional Fund 
finances TEN and TEN-related projects in Objective 1 areas while the Cohesion Fund 
finances TEN projects in the four "Cohesion Member States" (Greece, Ireland, 
Portugal and Spain). 
B.l Regional Fund 
In 1996, the following programmes and projects were the main beneficiaries of 
commitments for funding; details are to be found in Annex VII: 
Energy 
• The introduction of natural gas into Portugal and the interconnection of the 
Portuguese grid to the Spanish networks under INTERREG II; 
• The Spanish section of the Algeria-Morocco-EU gas pipelines and extensions to 
some Andalusian cities; 
• The introduction of natural gas into new Spanish regions (Western pipeline project 
and the Valencia-Orihuela-Cartagena project); 
• Upgrading of the existing LNG terminal at Huelva and Cartagena. 
Telecommunications: 
• Improvement of the telecommunications networks in Greece 
Transport: 
• PATHE and VIA EGNATIA motorways in Greece; 
• Athens - Thessaloniki railway; 
• Trunk roads in Italy; 
• Trunk roads in Ireland. 
B.2. Cohesion Fund 
Table 7 below gives the annual commitments made by the Cohesion Fund in favour of 
TENs transport projects since 1993 in each of the beneficiary Member States. These 
figures include commitments for projects adopted in the year in question as well as 
new annual instalments for projects adopted previously. 
15 
Table 7: Cohesion Fund financing of TENs projects -
total by Member StateCommitments 1993-1996(MECUS) 
MEMBER STATES 
SPAIN 
PORTUGAL 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
TOTAL 1993 
606.4 
160.8 
105.1 
86 
958.3 1994 
498.9 
200.2 
134 
96 
929.1 1995 
610.2 
240.5 
159.7 
97.2 
1107.6 19966 
711.2 
187.5 
88 
101.3 
1088 1993-199 
2426.7 
789 
486.8 
380.5 
4083 
Table 8 provides a breakdown of amiual commitments by transport sector. This 
illustrates the continuing predominance of roads in Cohesion Fund financing, reflecting 
the needs and priorities of the Member States concerned. However, in terms of 
absolute figures, the financing of other transport modes such as railways and ports is 
nevertheless important. 
Table 8: Cohesion Fund financing of TENs projects - by transport sector 
Commitments 1993-1996 
Sector 
Roads & 
motorways 
Railways 
Ports 
Airports 
Vessel 
Traffic 
Systems 
Total 1993 
Mecu 
672.6 
162.2 
16.1 
91.7 
15.6 
958.2 % 
70 
16 
1 
9 
1 
100 1994 
Mecu 
619.6 
278.5 
31 
0 
0 
929.1 % 
66 
29 
3 
0 
0 
100 1995 
Mecu 
832.5 
178.4 
67.4 
23.7 
5.5 
1107.5 % 
75 
16 
6 
2 
1 
100 19967 
Mecu 
837.5 
218.8 
16 
15.7 
0 
1088 % 
76 
20 
1 
1 
0 
100 Total 
1993-
1996 
Mecu 
2962.2 
837.9 
130.5 
131.1 
21.1 
4082.8 % 
72 
20 
o j 
o J 
0 
100 
Provisional 
Provisional 
16 
A table in Annex VIII gives the latest position regarding assistance from the Cohesion 
Fund for the five specific projects which directly concern the Cohesion countries, 
namely : High-speed train south, Greek motorways, Lisbon-Valladolid motorway, 
Cork-Dublin-Belfast rail link and the Ireland-UK-Benelux road corridor. For a variety 
of reasons, progress on these projects has been slow this year, with the only additional 
financial commitments so far being made in favour of the Republic of Ireland section 
of the Ireland-(UK)-Benelux priority project. 
C. EIB AND ECSC LOANS 
The EIB has a long experience in the financing of infrastructure of European interest 
and has always considered the development of the trans-European networks as one of 
its priorities. Since the previous report, the EIB has substantially extended its 
commitments and its lending to the TENs for most of them in conjunction with 
Community budgetary resources, while developing the utilisation of its TEN window 
on numerous occasions. 
Since November 1995, ECU 9 300 million of loans for 41 projects have been 
approved by the EIB's Board of Directors for transport projects on the TENs. It 
represents an average of about 30% of their total cost. Loans for these projects and 
previous ones approved totalling ECU 1 800 million have been signed to date, an 
increase of more than 50%) on the situation described in the report to the Madrid 
European Council in December 1995. 
On the 14 specific projects adopted in Essen, the EIB has already granted loans for 9 
of them or their initial phase for an amount of ECU 5 500 million (out of ECU 8 000 
million committed for financing). This is an increase of 40% on approvals and 32% on 
loans contracts over last year's activity, due mainly to new loans for the PBKAL HST, 
the Ôresund link and the Nordic triangle. Using its TEN window facility, the EIB has 
extended maturity for several projects and approved ECU 250 000 of subsidies for 
preparatory studies concerning some Austrian sections of the Brenner axis. 
During the same period, the EIB's Board has approved loans totalling ECU 1 500 
million for 8 projects on gas and electricity TENs, about 27% of their total cost. To 
date, ECU 2 200 million have been signed. It represents an increase of 126%) on the 
Madrid report figure. 
EIB financing has been approved for seven of the ten priority projects adopted at the 
Essen Council for ECU 2 200 million since 1993 of which loans contracts totalling 
ECU 1 600 million have been signed, for projects like the Greek gas pipeline, the 
Algeria/Morocco/Iberian Peninsula project and the Russia-Poland-EU gas pipeline. 
In parallel with its growing involvement in favour of transport and energy TENs 
projects, the EIB contributes actively to the development of telecommunication 
networks of European interest. Since last year, the EIB's Board has approved ECU 
2 300 million of loans for telecommunication network projects and loan contracts 
amounting to ECU 4 700 million have so far been signed mainly for mobile 
telephony, telecommunication satellite and optical fibre rail network. 
17 
During the year 1996, the Commission has approved 4 ECSC loans for a total of ECU 
329 million for the benefit of TEN projects. The most significant loan approvals 
concern the Ôresund and Transgas projects for a total of ECU 293 million. These 
loans have not yet been disbursed. 
D. EIF 
As of 31 October 1996 the total EIF portfolio of outstanding signed operations since 
inception was ECU 1229 million. Of this TEN projects accounted for 90%o (transport 
38%o, energy 37%) and telecommunications 15%>). In the course of 1996 the EIF signed 
loan guarantees of ECU 615 million for 10 projects (transport ECU 303 million, 
energy ECU 240 million and telecommunications ECU 9 million). The Fund has 
guaranteed financing in the following specific projects: Malpensa Airport, Natural Gas 
Network in Portugal, Gas Interconnection Portugal-Spain and the Channel Tunnel Rail 
Link section of the PBKAL HST. The EIF plans to involve itself in the financing of 
other specific projects adopted at Essen. 
Following the decision of its General Meeting in June the EIF will be able to take 
equity holdings in initiatives linked to TEN projects (See also chapter 5 D). The 
Fund's activities in this domain will initially be modest. 
E. IDA 
In 1996 the Union plans to spend ECU 24 million on the horizontal actions, generic 
services and 25 specific sectoral projects that compose the IDA programme (the TEN 
financial regulation does not apply to the IDA programme). The table below gives the 
main items of expenditure; a detailed list of the projects financed is to be found in 
Annex VI. 
Table 11 : IDA spending8 
SERVICE TOTAL BUDGET 
(ECU) 
DGI 850 000 
DGIII 3 710 000 
DGIV 400 000 
DG V 1.837 000 
DG VI 1 290 000 
DG XIV 250 000 
DGXV 1 100 000 
DG XXI 5 555 000 
Eurostat 3 050 000 
Informatics Directorate 1 015 000 
AGENCIES 225 000 
Secretariat-General 1 200 000 
Generic services all sectors 3 518 000 
GRAND TOTAL 24 000 000 
F. EVALUATION 
In line with the SEM 2000 programme, the Commission is taking steps, in close 
collaboration with the Member states, who have a major and central role to play, to 
reinforce the monitoring and evaluation of projects and policies. The TEN financial 
assistance committee discussed the matter at its meeting on 25 July 1996. 
These figures are based upon a budget resulting from the assignment of ECU 6 
million to the EDICOM programme and upon the assumption that ECU 7.5 million 
presently in reserve will be released by the European Parliament. Furthermore, due to 
the late adoption of the IDA decision a number of measures were carried forward 
from 1995 to 1996 for a total value of ECU 15.798 million. These measures are NOT 
included in the above table. 
19 
5. FINANCING THE TEN: OTHER ISSUES 
A. TRANS-EUROPEAN TRANSPORT BUDGET 
Following the conclusions of the Essen (December 1994), Cannes (June 1995) and 
Madrid (December 1995) European Councils with regard to the financing of the 
priority transport projects, the Commission tabled, in April 1996, a proposal to revise 
the financial perspectives with a view of increasing the funds available for the TEN-T 
by ECU 1000 million. This proposal was based on the identification of additional 
needs for TEN-T assistance of ECU 1700 million during the period 1997-1999; these 
additional needs were calculated on the basis of preliminary requests submitted by 
Member States and resulted from thorough analyses, especially of the specific projects 
identified by the Essen European Council, carried out by Member States, the 
Commission and the European Investment Bank during workshops, seminars and 
bilateral discussions. 
On the occasion of the Florence European Council, President Santer presented a 
revised proposal. Following this, the ECOFIN Council set up an ad hoc group of 
Representatives of the Ministers of Finance, presided by Mr. Gallagher. During three 
meetings, held in July and September, the "Gallagher group" examined the proposal 
without, however, reaching agreement about a "top-up". In its final report submitted to 
the ECOFIN Council, this group recommended, however, that: 
i) projects which are ready should go ahead using the existing resources; 
ii) the Council should confirm the priority nature of the TENs and current 
planned budgetary provisions for TENs should be respected; 
iii) every effort should be made to remove non-finàncial delaying factors; 
iv) the question of reallocation could be considered within the relevant 
normal budgetary procedure for the Budgets of 1998 and 1999. 
On 14 October, the ECOFIN Council endorsed the Gallagher report. 
B. PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPP) 
General 
In line with the requests of the European Council, the Commission has, throughout 
1996, continued to seek ways of facilitating public-private partnerships as a means of 
financing the TEN; as in previous years, this analysis was done in a "bottom-up" 
approach by focusing on the specific transport projects. 
20 
During the course of 1996, Commission services have been actively involved in 
informal consultations with a representative group of experts from the private sector in 
the field of transport construction, with the aim of examining the obstacles to PPPs 
and finding possible solutions from the construction industry's perspective. However, 
following the establishment of the High-Level Group on Public-Private Partnership 
Financing of Trans-European Network Transport Projects ("Kinnock Group": see 
below), it was agreed by all concerned to continue these discussions within the larger 
framework of the High-Level Group. The preliminary findings drawn from these 
consultations, together with the outcome of analysis done previously on various other 
issues related to PPP, formed the basis for a discussion paper tabled to the Kinnock 
Group. 
In its report on "The Impact and Effectiveness of the Single Market9" the Commission 
stressed that "overcoming the barriers to PPP should be a priority for the Union in 
order to make sure that priority investment plans are executed in time". This is 
potentially important for transport where most of the financing difficulties are 
encountered. 
Regrettably, for the same reasons as explained in the 1995 report to the Madrid 
European Council10 (paras. 28-34), progress in some Member States towards PPPs has 
not been encouraging. It should be noted, however, that several PPP-type transport 
projects are proceeding, notably in Greece, the UK, Italy, Germany, Austria, Denmark 
and Sweden. 
In the telecommunications sector, the financing of trans-European networks projects is 
primarily a matter for the private sector and market forces. However public support in 
the framework of Public Private Partnerships has also a role to play in stimulating the 
launch of projects whose socio-economic viability is recognised but whose short term 
commercial profitability is not high enough to mobilise private investment. 
Kinnock High-Level Group 
At the informal Transport Council in Rome on 12-13 April Commissioner Kinnock 
suggested that a High-Level Group, comprising personal representatives of the 
Ministers of Transport and/or Finance and members of the private sector and the EIB, 
could be set up to find ways of accelerating the implementation of public-private 
partnerships; especially as regards TEN specific transport projects. This proposal 
received broad support from the Transport Ministers and was strongly backed by 
President Santer in the context of his initiative for a Confidence Pact on employment. 
The High-Level Group on Public-Private Partnership Financing of Trans-European 
Network Transport Projects (the "Kinnock Group") held three plenary meetings on 23 
September, 11 October and 28 November, establishing five sub-groups: two on the 
"HST East-European" and the "HST South" projects, and three on more horizontal 
issues, namely "New Public-Private Partnerships in the Railway Sector", "Legal and 
9 COM(96) 520 final 
10 CSE (95) 571 
21 
Administrative Issues" and "Economie and Financial Issues". The HLG and its sub­
groups will examine problems identified at Union level and thoroughly explore 
possible solutions with regard to the establishment of public-private partnerships. The 
final report, to be submitted to the European Council in June 1997, is expected to 
draw conclusions with respect to various issues currently affecting the progress of 
transport infrastructure projects. 
The negative decision with regard to the top-up of the transport TEN budget line is 
expected to affect the progress of several projects, in particular the large cross-border 
rail projects. In a number of these cases, additional transport TEN funding would have 
helped facilitate private-sector involvement (reduction of risk through co-financing of 
trial bores for expensive tunnels, contributions to settling financing plans, etc.). In the 
face of this, the Kinnock Group is challenged to seek solutions to advance projects as 
much as possible, despite being limited in the funds available for the transport TEN. 
The Group's work should also provide a solid basis for a possible re-consideration of 
budgetary issues as set out in the recommendations of the Gallagher Group. 
Public policy risks consultation 
In its report to the Madrid European Council (para. 32) the Commission announced that 
it was examining ways of reducing public policy risks, since these had been identified 
by the private sector as a particular obstacle to its involvement in PPPs. In the first 
half of 1996 the Commission services drafted a working paper which identified 
various options in this respect. The issues are being considered within the framework 
the Kinnock High-Level Group, with a view to reaching conclusions on the scope for 
action at Union level. 
C. EIF EQUITY PARTICIPATION 
On 18 June the EIF General Meeting in Lisbon voted to allow the Funds, as provided 
in its Statutes, to undertake equity operations, thus allowing the EIF henceforth to 
invest directly in individual TEN projects. The Commission welcomes this step whilst 
acknowledging that initially the resources available for this purpose will be limited. 
22 
6. EXTERNAL RELATIONS 
A. CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES (CEEC) 
TINA (Transport Infrastructure Needs Assessment) 
Following the decision taken by the Transport ministers at the September 1995 
structured dialogue meeting, a working group, made up of senior officials from the 15 
Union Member states and the ten applicant central and eastern European countries, was 
set up to undertake jointly a transport infrastructure needs assessment (TINA) of the 
enlarged Union based on the transport TEN guidelines for the present Union adopted 
recently. It held two plenary sessions in May and July, adopted its terms of reference 
and had a discussion on financing problems. It established three geographically 
orientated sub-groups which met in October to begin a review of the national transport 
infrastructure plans of the acceding countries in the light of the guideline requirements. 
The TINA group will report to the transport TEN Network Committee. The outline 
plans for an enlarged transport TEN are scheduled for discussion with a wider 
audience at the end of 1998 . 
Helsinki Pan-European Transport Conference 
The Commission, the EIB and the Member states together with the ECMT and the 
UN-ECE have been busy preparing for the June 1997 Third Pan-European Transport 
Conference at Helsinki, in particular on adjustments to the "Crete" corridors to take 
into account changes in the political environment since 1994, such as the peace 
process in former Yugoslavia. In addition, memoranda of understanding on the 
development of the Via Baltica and of "Crete" Corridors I and III were signed in the 
course of the year and that on Corridor V has advanced almost to the point of 
signature. 
PHARE 
The Commission has continued to support actively through the Phare programme 
actions aimed at connecting Central European Countries with the Union's TENs. 
Around ECU 280 million have been earmarked in 1996 for assistance programmes to 
the transport sector. The bulk of these funds aims at developing the "Crete Corridors". 
Phare has provided assistance for all the nine Corridors, ranging from pre-investment 
and feasibility studies to the actual co-financing of physical infrastructure projects, 
with a special focus on the transit facilitation at border crossings situated on the 
Corridors. 
Electricity link-ups 
As regards the development of energy TEN between the Union and its neighbours, a 
major step forward was taken in December 1995 when the CENTREL electricity grid, 
involving Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, was linked up with the 
UCPTE grid, which covers Western Europe outside of Scandinavia. The extension of 
the expanded UCPTE grid to the Balkan countries and the establishment of 
connections and interfaces with the CIS countries are currently being studied; these 
studies are being funded under the PHARE, TACIS and TEN programmes. In 
September the Commission set up a task force, within the Black Sea regional energy 
centre, to draw up a list of priority energy interconnections in the Balkans; this list 
will cover both electricity and gas.Another important development is the Baltic Ring 
electricity study, co-financed by the Union and covering all the countries in the Baltic 
area. 
Natural gas link-ups 
Of particular importance this year has been the completion of the first section of the 
Russia-Belarus-Poland-EU gas pipeline and the improvement of the gas transport 
network in Bulgaria to ensure the transport of Russian gas to the new Greek gas 
network. An important feasibility study has also been launched on the construction of 
a new pipeline to deliver Russian gas to Italy via Ukraine-Slovakia-Hungary-Slovenia. 
The year under review has also seen a study of the Nordic gas grid and of many other 
projects, such as Austria-Hungary, Austria-Slovakia and Germany-Czech Republic-
Austria-Italy. Further details on all these projects are to be found in Annex I. 
Finally, studies of further East-West gas interconnections and of regional projects of 
interest to central and eastern European countries and/or Union Member states have 
been or are currently being financed under the PHARE programme, including a study 
of the Baltic area just completed. 
Energy Charter 
Following the signature of the Energy Charter Treaty and the Energy Charter Protocol 
on energy efficiency and related environmental aspects on 17 December 1994, the 
process of ratification by the European Union is ongoing: Member States (at least a 
majority of them) are expected to finalise their ratification process by the end of the 
year. Ratification by at least 30 countries is necessary for the Treaty to enter into 
force; meanwhile, the Treaty will be applied by most of the contracting parties on a 
provisional basis. 
EU-CEEC Forum on the information society. 
Ministers from the central and eastern European countries met with Commissioner 
Bangemann and with representatives of the industry, research organisations and 
financial institutions of the Union in Prague in September 1996. The Forum provided 
a platform for information exchange and discussion on the various aspects of the 
Information Society including strategy and policy formulation and implementation of 
24 
demonstrations and pilot projects. These projects were further discussed on 8 October 
in the framework of the "structured dialogue" between the EU "Industry" Council and 
the ministers from the CEEC; four working groups were set up. 
B. MEDITERRANEAN BASIN COUNTRIES 
Electricity link-ups 
The Mediterranean Basin countries are not connected to the UCPTE network, but a 
project to link up Spain and Morocco is under way and work has begun on the first 
stage of a connection between Greece and Turkey. 
Natural gas link-ups 
This year saw the [near] completion of the gas pipeline which will transport Algerian 
natural gas, via Morocco, to Spain and Portugal initially and to other Union countries 
at a later stage. This project was one of the specific projects identified by the Essen 
European Council. Work is also well-advanced on a second pipeline between Algeria 
and Italy via Tunisia. 
Euro-Mediterranean forum on energy 
As a follow up to the Euro-Mediterranean Conference in Barcelona in December 1995, 
the Italian Presidency organised a Euro-Mediterranean ministerial conference on 
energy questions in Trieste on 7-9 June 1996. The Commission adopted on 3 April a 
communication on "A Euro-Mediterranean partnership in the energy sector"11. This 
document sketches out the main lines of action the Commission intends to pursue in 
the follow-up to the Barcelona Euro-Mediterranean Conference as regards energy and 
highlights energy TEN as one of the main areas of cooperation between the Union and 
the countries of the Mediterranean Basin. The Trieste Conference approved a work 
programme and agreed to set up a Euro-Mediterranean energy forum to oversee its 
implementation. 
Euro-Mediterranean forum on the Information Society 
The Italian presidency also organised a Euro-Mediterranean forum on the Information 
Society in Rome on 30-31 May 1996. This conference brought together some 300 top-
level participants and laid the foundations for increased cooperation between the two 
sides of the Mediterranean particularly in the fields of infrastructures and norms. 
Transport 
Discussions on linking-up the Union's transport TEN with the countries of the western 
Mediterranean Basin took place in the context of the meetings of the Western 
COM (96) 149 
25 
Mediterranean Transport Ministers (particularly at their second meeting in Rabat on 22 
September 1995) . 
Only preliminary work has yet been undertaken in the eastern part of the 
Mediterranean although a meeting on regional integration in the transport sector in the 
Eastern Mediterranean will be organised by Cyprus in spring 1997. 
Maritime transport is of paramount importance in linking the countries of the 
Mediterranean Basin to the Union and at a meeting in Cyprus on 14-16 October the 
EU and its Mediterranean partners examined ways to implement a multi-annual rolling 
work programme for maritime transport in the Mediterranean, including the 
identification of possible projects of mutual interest suitable for Community financing. 
The Union held bilateral discussions in October with Malta and Cyprus concerning 
their participation in the TEN. 
C. OTHER COUNTRIES 
Several electricity and natural gas projects linking the Union and Switzerland and 
Norway are currently under way or planned (see Annex I for details). 
The Commission services launched a tender in July 1996 for a comparative study of 
surface transport routes between Europe and Asia (following up on an independent 
initiative foreseen pre-ASEM). Work is to start in March 1997, with the final report 
due in September 1997. 
26 
7. POLITICAL AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS 
A. ENERGY 
Several priority projects in the electricity sector are continuing to be confronted with 
difficulties of an administrative nature, due primarily to delays in the granting of 
building authorizations. These delays arise generally from the opposition of local 
environment protection bodies, which is reflected in the attitude of local and, to some 
extent, the national administrations. This is true in particular of the electricity 
interconnection projects between France and Italy, France and Spain (the French 
authorities announced unilaterally on 1 February that they were abandoning the 
planned route and looking for another), Italy and Greece (opposition by the 
municipalities concerned to the planned route) and, to a lesser extent, Spain and 
Portugal. 
B. TELECOMMUNICATIONS 
In the telecommunications sector, the term "infrastructure" covers the three layers of a 
network: bearer physical infrastructure, generic services and applications. In this 
sector, the bottleneck is mainly the availability of applications and services matching 
the socio-economic needs of the citizens and of the SMEs. In this domain, the 
uncertainty on short term commercial viability, due to the innovative character of the 
application or service or difficult organisational requirements can discourage the 
private initiative. The Union intervention will be used to reduce the financial risk 
created by these uncertainties and allow an interesting application or service of public 
interest to be launched on a trans-European basis in the framework of a public -
private partnership. 
C. TRANSPORT 
Diverging priorities among Member States involved in the specific projects constitutes, 
in some cases, a delaying factor in the preparatory phase. It seems therefore crucial to 
underline further the Union benefit of the transport TEN projects (and to develop 
appropriate methods to quantify this benefit). On this basis, Member States should take 
account of the guidelines decided at Union level and adapt their national priorities to 
European priorities; Union financial instruments should support this objective. 
The legal framework may, in certain cases, not be sufficiently adapted to the specific 
needs of large-scale transport infrastructure projects in the transport sector, or the 
application of existing rules requires early clarification. As regards the development of 
public-private partnerships, problems have in particular been identidfied with respect 
to transport pricing, public procurement and the European Company Statute. The 
High-Level Group on public-private partnership is analysing these problems; no 
conclusions, however, can be drawn at this stage. 
27 
As far as the competition rules are concerned, the Commission has adopted guidelines 
in its 1995 report on TENs, in particular to speed up the procedures. Once a specific 
agreement has been notified, and provided that the parties have contacted the 
Commission, the Commission will take the final decision within 6 months. 
8. THE TEN AS A SOURCE OF EMPLOYMENT 
A. CONFIDENCE PACT 
In the "Confidence Pact" which he unveiled on 5 June, President Santer stressed that 
the implementation of the TEN and the construction of the 14 specific projects could 
contribute substantially to creating employment, directly and indirectly (the Confidence 
pact" covers of course a much wider field than just the TEN). This echoed the ideas 
underlying Title XII of the Treaty and the arguments put forward in the Commission's 
1993 White Paper on "Growth, competitiveness, employment". The TEN, in addition 
to their immediate benefits for the energy, telecommunications, transport (and 
environment) sectors, will also have a broader positive impact on social and economic 
cohesion, on the implementation of the internal market and on growth, competitiveness 
and employment. 
B. REPORT TO THE EP 
In a resolution on the 1997 budget voted at the end of its March session in Brussels 
the EP asked the Commission to submit to it a report on the employment creation 
potential of the TEN. The Commission plans to submit its report presenting a first 
tentative assessment ("The likely macroeconomic and employment impact of 
investments in trans-European transport networks") to the Parliament in November. 
The executive summary of this report is to be found in annex X; its main points are : 
- The economic effects of the completion of the 14 specific projects identified by the 
Essen European Council are highly positive: the cumulative gain in GDP would 
exceed 560 billion ECU by the year 2030. This represents a socio-economic return 
of some 11%. 
- The completion of the 14 specific projects identified by the Essen European 
Council would create additional employment of 700,000 man years during the first 
decade (1998-2007). The construction of the full transport TEN as set out in the 
Community guidelines would lead to an increase in employment of some 3,200,000 
man years. 
- Based on a set of cautious assumptions, the range of estimates for long term 
permanent employment effects in the economy as a whole is between 130,000 and 
230,000 extra jobs for the 14 Essen projects and between 594,000 and 1,030,000 
extra jobs for all the projects in the T-TEN guidelines. However, if workers could 
be persuaded to take the productivity increases resulting from TEN investment in 
additional employment rather than higher real wages, then the increases in jobs 
would be dramatically higher: from at least 570,000 in the case of the 14 Essen 
projects, to as much as 4,700,000 for the whole network. 
29 
- It is important to point out that the above-mentioned estimations are based on the 
assumption that there is no significant overcapacity in the economy and that, 
therefore, T-TEN investments tend, in the short-term, to crowd out some alternative 
investment projects that would otherwise be undertaken. However, the present 
macroeconomic environment in the European Union with high unemployment and 
low interest rates indicates that significant spare capacity seems to be available. 
Accordingly, it can be expected that a political push for quick T-TEN 
implementation would generate even more jobs than estimated on the basis of the 
conservative assumptions used in this report. 
- Macroeconomic and structural policies are particularly important for likely 
employment effects. This is especially true for those policies that influence the 
functioning of goods, capital and labour markets by enhancing competition, 
reducing rigidities and facilitating structural adjustment. 
- Transport infrastructure investments on their own will clearly not solve Europe's 
unemployment problem and T-TENs should not be judged solely on their ability to 
create jobs. Other important benefits are likely to accrue. 
At the same time DG XIII and DG XVII undertook more limited studies of the 
employment creation potential of TENs in the telecommunications and energy sectors 
respectively. It is important to note that the methodologies used in these two studies 
are not the same as that used in the report for the EP and therefore the results cannot 
be compared. 
The DG XIII desk study reviews the results of the most recent studies which have 
attempted to investigate the impact of investment in telecommunications and the 
development of the information society on employment, and to derive from the 
fragmented views which they offer the likely impact of the ECU 2 000 million 
expected to be generated by Community action. Using relatively optimistic 
assumptions, it estimates that a pro-active scenario of ICT investments such as the 150 
-billion ECU mentioned in the Commission's White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness 
and Employment over a 15 year period (1993-2008), would result in a long term 1.3% 
incremental increase in job creation. For each million ECU of TEN investment 
induced by the Community contribution there would be a long term increase of 12 
jobs. On the other hand, studies made at national level indicate that the number of jobs 
created for every ECU 1 million invested in the information infrastructure lies in the 
range of 2.5 and 37.5 jobs. In a different context, a recent study of the impact of 
telecommunications liberalisation on employment in Europe indicates that the 
combined effects of liberalisation and technology diffusion spearheaded by 
infrastructure investments, notably in alternative infrastructures and interactive 
multimedia applications, could, according to one of the scenarios, create 900,000 jobs 
by 2005. 
The report stresses that "these numbers have to be treated with extreme caution as 
there are based on extrapolations from different countries, which themselves are 
subject to considerable methodological and practical difficulties and uncertainties. In 
particular, considerable difficulties exist in trying to accurately quantify the multiplier 
30 
effects of investments in telecommunications infrastructures that can "spill over" onto 
almost every other sector of the economy." 
According to the DG XVII study, "available figures on temporary employment show 
that approximately 20,000 man-years can be expected during the building phase of a 
sample of electricity networks (corresponding investments: 1,300 MECU) and 
approximately 15,000 man-years in the building of a sample of gas networks (for 
investments of 2,600 MECU). Taking into account the (small) differences in projects, -
and adjusting for the extent of inaccuracy in the figures provided, lead to rough 
estimates of 65,000 man-years for a total (actual blown) investment of 4,000 MECU 
on electricity networks and 35,000 man-years for a total (actual known) investment of 
11,500 MECU on gas networks. This predicted total of 100,000 man-years should be 
spread over the duration for building the energy TEN (between 5 and 10 years: 
average of 10,000 to 20,000 man-years a year)." 
31 
9. OTHER UNION POLICIES WITH A TEN DIMENSION 
A. EUROPEAN COMPANY STATUTE 
The Commission takes the view that "project authorities" should be created - at least 
temporarily - to organise and implement major infrastructure projects. The 
development of such authorities would be facilitated if a European Company Status 
existed, which would allow their development into profit-making bodies once 
construction starts. At present no suitable legal vehicle exists at Union level, thus 
unnecessarily increasing project costs and hampering development. The "Confidence 
Pact" which the Commission submitted to the Florence European Council stressed the 
need for the Council to adopt the ECS as quickly as possible. In the absence of 
progress on the ECS the Commission is studying the possibility of proposing a limited 
form of ECS tailor-made for TEN projects. 
B. COMPETITION POLICY 
Evolution of the situation since the last report 
In the course of 1996 the Commission pursued its efforts to provide parties involved 
in the financing of TEN with all the necessary information on the competition rules 
that would allow them to qualify for exemptions decisions. 
As announced in the 1995 TEN annual report, the Commission set up a one-stop help 
desk (fax+32-2/295 65 04) to advise project managers and other interested parties as 
regards Union legislation on competition policy and public procurement. Few requests 
for information were made. Those that were made were dealt with promptly and to the 
satisfaction of the inquirers. 
C. PUBLIC PROCUREMENT 
In order to avoid delays in projects as a result of misunderstandings related to the 
Union's public procurement rules, the Commission also recommended in its 1995 
annual report on the TEN that project managers of the 14 specific projects should 
consult the Commission before the publication of tender documents. For this purpose a 
One-Stop Help Desk (fax +32-2/295 65 04) was established in the Commission to 
channel such requests. The number of consultations made in 1996 was small. 
To inform all interested parties about the possibilities for public/private sector 
cooperation offered by the Union's public procurement rules and allow them to 
express and discuss their project needs, a Green Paper on public procurement in the 
EU will be issued in the course of the following months. 
32 
D. COMPLEMENTARITY WITH STRUCTURAL POLICIES 
As the figures in Table 1 of Chapter 4 show, the Structural Funds are by far the main 
source of Union funding for the TEN. It is vital therefore that the Member states 
ensure continuing horizontal and vertical coordination between on the one hand their 
departments dealing with transport, energy, telecommunications, and, on the other 
hand, the various levels of national, regional and local administration involved in 
channelling financial assistance from the Structural Funds. In practical terms it is 
essential that officials whose primary concern is regional development should be 
adequately informed and kept up-to-date as regards the Union's TEN policy. 
E. TRANSPORT POLICY 
The Commission made in the course of the last twelve months two transport pricing 
proposals which are directly relevant to the development of TENs tlirough PPPs and to 
ensuring fair competition among the different modes of transport. In its Green Paper 
"Towards fair and efficient pricing in transport"14 the Commission devotes one of the 
chapters to the question of infrastructure costs and congestion, pleading for cost 
recovery through user charges and pointing out the importance of efficient 
infrastructure pricing to facilitate the introduction of PPPs. The second proposal12 aims 
at renewing the "Eurovignette" 93/89/EEC directive with a view, further to the general 
objective of furthering the development of the internal market in road transport, to 
ensuring a better recovery of costs associated with road use, including infrastructure 
recovery plus externalities. This would allow for a greater differentiation in charges in 
line with costs, and would be a step towards the principle of territoriality in charging 
for road use. 
The various green and white papers which the Commission adopted in the course of 
the last 12 months on "A citizens network13", "Towards fair and efficient pricing in 
transport"14 and "The revitalisation of Europe's railways"15 have contributed in a broad 
way to create a more favourable context for TEN. 
F. ENVIRONMENT 
The green and white papers mentioned above have also helped create a greater 
awareness of the need to ensure that the development of the TEN should be 
compatible with the Union's environment protection and sustainable development 
policies. The Commission has on several occasions expressed its intention to study 
further the environmental consequences of the trans-European transport network. The 
Decision of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 July on Community 
guidelines for the development of the transport TEN requires the Commission to 
develop methods for the strategic environmental assessment of the whole network and 
COM (96) 331. 24 July 1996 
COM (95) 601 of 21 November 1995 
COM (95) 691 of 20 December 1995 
COM(96) 421 of 23 July 1996 
33 
for corridor assessments. The results of this work shall, where appropriate, be taken 
into account by the Commission in its report on the revision of the guidelines, which 
is due on 1 July 1999. The Commission services have started technical work with a 
view to responding to this requirement. 
34 
ANNEX I: PROGRESS MADE ON THE ENERGY NETWORKS IN 1996 
• Projects of common interest included in the Guidelines (Decision no 1254/96 EC of 5 
June 1996 O.J. no L 161) and 
• Projects proposed by the Commission for inclusion in the Guidelines (COM (96) 390 of 24 
July 1996). (in italic) 
(Short indication of the stage reached by these projects by end 1996) 
ELECTRICITY NETWORK PROJECTS 
STAGE REACHED AND 
PROJECT E.U. FINANCIAL INTERVENTION 
al UNITED KINGDOM 
Connection by submarine cable of Northern Ireland to Authorisation procedures ongoing. 
Scotland. Expected commissioning: 1997. 
EU financial intervention 
* Island Magee-Coylton CSF: 81 MECU. 
a4 GREECE - ITALY Project declared as "priority project" at the Essen 
Summit (December 1994). 
Connection by submarine cable of Greek network to Italian Study completed but construction delayed by 
network through north-western Greece and south-eastern Italy. authorisation procedures. 
EU financial intervention 
* Ipiros-Puglia REGEN: 35 MECU 
INTERREG: 78,5 MECU 
EIB loan: 100 MECU 
u7 UNITED KINGDOM 
Connection by submarine cable of the Isle of Man. Pre-feasibility studies ongoing. 
Commissioning Autumn 1999. 
EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-jinancing of studies (under 
appraisal) 
bl GERMANY - DENMARK 
Connection by submarine cable between the German network This project became operational in 1996. 
(UCPTE) and Denmark's eastern network (NORDEL). 
* Bjawerskov-Bentwisch _ I 
35 
b4 FRANCE - BELGIUM 
Completion of connection between the two countries' networks Authorisation procedures ongoing, 
through north-eastern France and southern Belgium. Commissioning: 1999. 
* Moulaine-Aubange. 
b5 FRANCE- GERMANY 
Strengthening of the connections between the two countries. Authorisation procedures ongoing. 
Commissioning in 1999 
b6 FRANCE - ITALY Project declared as "priority project" at the Essen 
Summit (December 1994). 
Connection between the two countries' networks through south- Authorisation procedures ongoing, 
eastern France and north-western Italy. Expected beginning of works: 1998. 
Commissioning: 2000. 
* Grand île-Piossasco EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies in 1995. 
b7 FRANCE - SPAIN Project declared as "priority project" at the Essen 
Summit (December 1994). 
Land connection between the two countries' networks through Project suspended. 75% of the Spanish line built, 
south-western France and northern Spain. ' Feasibility studies on new routes ongoing. 
EU financial intervention 
* Cazaril-Aragon or alternative route/layout. TEN line: co-financing of studies in 1995 
[and in 1996]. 
b9 BELGIUM - LUXEMBOURG 
Connection between the two countries' networks. Authorisation procedures ongoing. 
Commissioning: 2000. 
* Aubange-Bertrange 
36 
blO SPAIN - PORTUGAL 
Strengthening and completion of connections between the two Project declared as "priority project" at the Essen 
countries through the regions of northern Portugal and north- Summit (December 1994). 
western Spain. 
* Aldeadavila-Douro International. Pre-feasibility studies. 
Expected beginning of works: 2002. 
Commissioning: 2004. 
* Mesôn-Lindoso In operation since December 1995 through a 
longer circuit. The complete project will be 
operational in the beginning of 1997. 
EU financial intervention 
CSF (Spain) 3 MECU 
EIB loan: 26 MECU 
blO(a) SPAIN - PORTUGAL 
New connection between the two countries through the Southern Prefeasibility studies, 
region of Portugal and the South-West of Spain Commissioning: after 2000. 
bll FINLAND - SWEDEN 
Strengthening interconnections north of the Gulf of Bothnia. Project decided. 
EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies in 1995 
[and in 1996]. 
bl2 AUSTRIA - ITALY 
Strengthening connections between the North of Italy and the Authorisation procedures ongoing. 
Austrian network. Commissioning: 2002. 
EU financial intervention 
* Lienz-Cordignano. . TEN line: co-financing of studies in 1995. 
bl3 IRELAND - UNITED KINGDOM (N. IRELAND) 
Strengthening of connections between Ireland and Northern Pre-feasibility studies ongoing. 
Ireland. EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies (under 
appraisal) 
bl4 AUSTRIA - GERMANY 
Strengthening of the connections between the two countries. Commissioning: after 2000. 
37 
bl5 THE NETHERLANDS- UNITED KINGDOM 
Connection by submarine cable between south-eastern England Pre-feasibility studies ongoing, 
and central Netherlands. EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies (under 
appraisal) 
c2 DENMARK Project declared as "priority project" at the Essen 
Summit (December 1994). 
Connections by submarine cable between the country's western Project decided. Discussions on the financing of 
(UCPTE) and eastern (NORDEL) networks. the project are taking place. The initial date for 
commissioning (1997) has been postponed. 
c3 THE NETHERLANDS 
Strengthening connections in the North-East of the country. Under construction. 
* Zwolle-Meeden-Eemshaven. 
c4 FRANCE 
Strengthening connections in the North-East of the country. Authorisation procedures ongoing. 
Commissioning: 1999. 
* Sierrentz-Mulbach. 
c5 ITALY 
Strengthening and developing connections on the East-West axes Some sections are under construction and others 
in the North of the country and on the North-South axis. in the authorisation procedure phase. 
Commissioning from 2001 to 2004. 
* 15 sub-projects. EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies in 1995. 
c5(a) ITALY 
Strengthening and development of connections on the East-West Feasibility studies ongoing. 
axis in the North-West of the country and on the North-South Commissioning: from 2000 to 2002. 
axis in the centre of the country. EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies (under 
appraisal) 
c6 SPAIN 
Strengthening and developing connections in the regions in the North axis: two out of three sections are under 
North of the country and in the regions along the Mediterranean construction, the other in the feasibility study 
axis. phase. Commissioning will vary from 1996 to 
2000. 
Mediterranean axis: the sections of the South are 
under construction and the expected 
commissioning date is 1997. The section that 
will connect with France is in the feasibility 
study phase and commis­
sioning is expected for the year 2004. 
EU financial intervention: EIB loan (25,1 
MECU) for the line Pinar-Tajo. 
TEN line: co-financing of studies in 1995 
[and in 1996]. 
c7 PORTUGAL 
Strengthening connections necessary for interconnections with 
Spain in the North and Centre of the country. 
* Recarei-Douro International Feasibility studies. Commissioning: June 2001. 
Pego-Rio Maior II. Authorisation procedures ongoing. 
Commissioning: September 98. 
EU financial intervention: 
TEN line: co-financing of studies for the 
Recarei-Douro International line in 1995. 
c8 GREECE 
Strengthening connections on the East-West axis in the North of Prefeasibility studies. 
the country. Commissioning : 2000-2002. 
c9 IRELAND 
Strengthening of connections in the North-West of the country. Feasibility studies ongoing. 
clO SPAIN 
Strengthening and development of connections in the North-East Pre-feasibility studies ongoing, 
and West of the country, in particular to connect to the network Feasibility studies and Environmental Impact 
production capacities of electricity generated from wind-power. Assessments in 1997 and 1998. 
EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies (under 
appraisal) 
39 
ell SWEDEN 
Strengthening and development of internal connections. . Feasibility study in 1997. 
cl2 GERMANY 
Development of connections in the North of the country. Some sections under construction. Other sections: 
authorisation procedures ongoing. 
Planned commissioning of the complete project: 
1998. 
d2 GERMANY- POLAND 
Strengthening of the connections between the two countries. Hagenwerder (DE) - Mikulowa (POL): 
commissioning 1998. 
Neuenhagen - Vierraden (DE) - Krajnik (POL): 
commissioning after 2000. 
d3 GERMANY- NORWAY 
Connection by submarine cable between northern Germany Feasibility studies. 
(UCPTE) and southern Norway (NORDEL). Commissioning: 2003. 
d5 ITALY - SWITZERLAND 
Strengthening connections between northern Italy and Under construction. 
Switzerland. Commissioning: 1997 or 1998. 
* Gorlago-Robbia. 
(18 GREECE- BALKAN COUNTRIES 
Strengthening of connections between Greece and, respectively, Feasibility studies: ongoing. 
Albania, Bulgaria and former-Yugoslavia, including the • EU financial intervention 
restoration of the connections with the North of former- TEN line: co-financing of studies (under 
Yugoslavia and the UCPTE network. appraisal) 
<\9 GREECE - TURKEY 
Connections between the two countries through north-eastern Section from Thessaloniki (GR) to Philippi (GR): 
Greece. under construction. 
Section from Philippi (GR) to Hamitabat (TU): 
* Thessaloniki-Hamitabat. planned. 
40 
dlO UNITED KINGDOM - NORWA Y 
Connection by submarine cable between the NorthJeaster/eastern Pre-feasibility studies completed. 
England and southern Norway (NORDEL). Feasibility studies and seabed survey in 1997 
and 1998. 
Commissioning: 2004. 
EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies (under 
appraisal). 
dll THE NETHERLANDS- NORWAY 
Connection by submarine cable between the north-eastern Project decided. 
Netherlands (UCPTE) and southern Norway (NORDEL). Commissioning: 2001. 
EU financial intervention : 
TEN line : co-financing of studies [in 1996]. 
dl3 SPAIN - MOROCCO 
Connection by submarine cable between southern Spain and the Under construction. 
Moroccan network. Commissioning: 1997. 
EU financial intervention: 
* Pinar-Melloussa. Co-financing of studies from the 1995 TEN 
budget. 
INTERREG: 12.5 MECU. 
dl4 BALTIC RING: GERMANY - POLAND - RUSSIA -
ESTONIA - LATVIA - LITHUANIA - SWEDEN -
FINLAND - DENMARK - BELARUS. 
Strengthening and developing connections between these Pre-feasibility studies, 
countries' networks by overground and/or submarine cables. EU financial intervention : 
TEN line: co-financing of studies in 1995 
[and in 1996]. 
(115 SWEDEN - NORWAY 
Strengthening of the connections between the two countries. Some sections are in the authorisation procedure 
phase. Others are in the feasibility or pre-
feasibility stage. 
EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies (under 
appraisal) 
(116 EU - BELARUS - RUSSIA - UKRAINE 
Development of connections and interface between the (extended) Some technical studies have been/will be 
UCPTE network and the networks of third countries in Eastern undertaken. 
Europe, including the relocation of the HVDC conversion EU financial intervention 
stations operating previously between Austria and Hungary, Interface study supported by PHARE/TACIS 
Austria and the Czech Republic and Germany and the Czech TEN line: co-financing of studies (under 
Republic. appraisal) 
41 
NATURAL GAS NETWORK PROJECTS 
PROJECT STAGE REACHED AND 
E.U. FINANCIAL INTERVENTION 
e4 SPAIN 
Setting up gas networks in the regions of Galicia, Extremadura, 
Andalusia, Valencia-South, Murcia, including an LNG terminal 
in Galicia. Galicia: project decided. 
Commissioning: June 1998. 
Extremadura: under construction. 
Commissioning: June 1998. 
Andalusia: under construction. 
Commissioning: 1997. 
Valencia South: under construction. 
Commissioning: September 1997. 
Murcia: under construction. 
Commissioning: September 1997. 
Enlargement LNG terminal Cartagena: project 
planned. Commissioning: 2000. 
LNG Galicia: project postponed. 
EU financial intervention: 
INTERREG II: 80 MECU committed for 
interconnections with Portugal (through Galicia 
and through Andalucia and Extremadura). 
CSF: 
Valencia-Cartagena: 107 MECU under 
appraisal.. 
Upgrading LNG terminal at Huelva 
(Andalucia): 7 MECU committed. 
Western pipeline (Castilla y Leôn, Extremadura 
and Asturias): 95 MECU under appraisal. 
Oviedo-Ribadeo (Asturias): 10 MECU under 
appraisal. 
e5 PORTUGAL 
Setting up in the country, in particular along the Atlantic 
coastline, of a gas network. 
* Setubal-Braga. Project declared as "priority project" at the 
Essen Summit (December 1994). 
Under construction. Commissioning: beginning 
of 1997. 
EU financial intervention 
REG EN: 82 
INTERREG II: 70 
CSF: 21 
EIB loan (354 MECU) and ECSC loan (102 
MECU) for this project and its interconnec­
tions with Spain (see project f6). 
e5(a) PORTUGAL 
Construction of an LNG terminal on the Atlantic coast. Planning phase. 
Possible date of operation: 2002 
42 
STAGE REACHED AND 
PROJECT E.U. FINANCIAL INTERVENTION 
e6 GREECE Project declared as "priority project" at the 
Essen Summit (December 1994). 
Setting up a gas network in the country, in particular along the 
Aegean coastline, including an LNG terminal in Attica and Main North-South pipeline: construction 
storage facilities. completed and commissioning : end 1996. 
High pressure branches and LNG terminal: 
* Bulgaria-Athens under construction. 
LNG at Revithoussa. 
EU financial intervention 
REGEN: 87 
INTERREG II: 180 
CSF: 262 
EIB loan: 300 
ECSC loan: 83 (+ 97 requested). 
TEN line: In 1995, co-financing of studies for 
storage facilities and extensions of the network. 
[In 1996], co-financing of a study for the 
introduction of gas in Crete. 
fl IRELAND - UNITED KINGDOM (N. IRELAND) 
Connection between the gas networks of Ireland and the United Prefeasibility studies. 
Kingdom (Northern Ireland). Possible commissioning: 2000. 
EU financial intervention: 
TEN line: co-financing of studies in 1995. 
f2 UNITED KINGDOM - CONTINENT 
Submarine connection between the gas networks of the United Construction works began in October 1996. 
Kingdom and the continent through Belgium. Authorisation procedures ongoing. 
Expected commissioning: October 1998. 
* Bacton-Zeebrugge. 
f3 LUXEMBOURG - GERMANY 
Establishing a connection to supply Luxembourg from the Prefeasibility studies. 
German networks. 
fS FRANCE-SPAIN 
Strengthening of transport capacity between the two countries. For a new line: feasibility studies ongoing; 
probable commissioning in 2001. 
For a new compressor station : authorisation 
procedures and beginning of the work are 
expected in 1997; commissioning probably in 
1999. 
43 
STAGE REACHED AND 
PROJECT E.U. FINANCIAL INTERVENTION 
f6 PORTUGAL - SPAIN 
Constructing gas pipelines to supply Portugal through southern Project declared as "priority project" at the 
Spain and to supply Galicia and Asturias through Portugal. Essen Summit (December 1994). 
* Leiria-Cordoba Connection through Southern Spain: 
under construction. 
Commissioning: beginning of 1997. 
Braga-Tuy-Oviedo. Connection to Galicia: work about to begin. 
Commissioning: end 1997. 
EU financial intervention 
INTERREG: 150 
Portuguese CSF: 6 
EIB and ECSC loans: (see project e5). 
P FRANCE 
Connection of the networks of the South-West and of the South Authorisation procedures ongoing, 
of the country. Commissioning by July 1997. 
f8 AUSTRIA - GERMANY 
Strengthening of transport capacity between Austria and Authorisation procedures ongoing. 
Bavaria. Expected commissioning: 1998. 
f9 AUSTRIA - HUNGARY 
Connection between the networks of the two countries. The line Baumgarten (A) - Gyôr (H) has been 
completed. Gas deliveries began in October 
1996. 
For the line Wiener Neustadt (A) - Sopron (H) 
a feasibility study is under way. 
flO AUSTRIA - SLOVAKIA 
Connection of Austria to underground storage in Slovakia. Under construction. 
Expected commissioning date: 1997. 
fll AUSTRIA 
Connection between gas pipelines linking Austria to, Authorisation procedures ongoing, 
respectively, Germany and Italy. Beginning of the work expected in 1997. 
Commissioning by Autumn 1998. 
44 
STAGE REACHED AND 
PROJECT E.U. FINANCIAL INTERVENTION 
fl2 GREECE - ALBANIA 
Connection between the networks of the two countries. Preliminary data collection ongoing. 
EU financial intervention : 
TEN line : co-financing of studies (under 
appraisal) 
gl IRELAND 
Developing natural gas storage facilites to supply the Irish Prefeasibility studies, 
network. EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies [in 1996]. 
g3 FRANCE 
Extending capacity of existing LNG terminal in western France. 
* LNG of Montoir. 
Prefeasibility studies. 
g4 ITALY 
Construction of new LNG terminal to allow diversification of Authorisation procedure phase, 
supplies, in particular for electricity generation. Expected commissioning date: 2001. 
* LNG terminal at Montalto di Castro. 
g7 FRANCE 
Extension of underground storage capacities in the South-West Authorisation procedures ongoing, 
of the country. 
g8 SPAIN 
Development of underground storage capacity on the country's Feasibility studies. 
North-South axis. EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies in 1995 
* Storage at Huete. [and in 1996]. 
Storage at Nueva Carteya. 
g8(a) SPAIN 
Development of underground storage capacities on the Feasibility studies ongoing. 
Mediterranean axis. Commissioning between 1998 and 2005. 
EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies (under 
appraisal) 
45 
STAGE REACHED AND 
PROJECT E.U. FINANCIAL INTERVENTION 
g9 PORTUGAL 
Constructing an underground storage facility. Prefeasibility studies. 
EU financial intervention: 
Portuguese CSF : 52 MECU. 
gll BELGIUM 
Extending existing underground storage capacity in northern 
Belgium. 
* Storage at Loenhout. Project decided. 
gl2 DENMARK 
Extending underground storage capacity by increasing capacity Feasibility study phase, 
on existing sites or creating a new site close to the frontier with Commissioning: 2000. 
Germany. EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies in 1995 
[and in 1996]. 
gl3 AUSTRIA 
Extension and development of underground storage capacities. Puchkirchen: feasibility studies and 
authorisation procedures ongoing. 
Expected commissioning in 1999. 
Eurostorage Baumgarten: feasibility studies 
ongoing. 
EU financial intervention 
TEN line : co-financing of studies for 
Eurostorage Baumgarten under appraisal. 
hi NORWAY- FRANCE 
Construction of a 4th gas pipeline from Norwegian resources Authorisation procedures ongoing. 
(North Sea) to the Continent. Works will start early 1997. 
Commissioning 1998. 
h3 NOR WA Y - DENMARK - SWEDEN - FINLAND -
R USSIA - BA L TIC ST A TES 
Creation and development of connections between the networks Feasibility study phase, 
of these countries with a view to setting up an integrated gas Works are expected to start in 1998 foi-
network, commissioning between 2002 and 2005 for the 
several stages of the projects. 
EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies (under 
appraisal) 
46 
STAGE REACHED AND 
PROJECT E.U. FINANCIAL INTERVENTION 
h4 ALGERIA - SPAIN - PORTUGAL - FRANCE Project declared as "priority project" at the 
Essen Summit (December 1994). 
Construction of new gas pipelines to allow Spain and Portugal 1st phase (up to Cordoba): commercial 
initially, and subsequently France, to be supplied from Algeria operational began in November 1996. 
via Morocco. 2nd phase (to connect with France): 
prefeasibility studies. 
Commissioning: after 2000. 
EU financial intervention: 
EIB loans: 641 MECU for works from Algeria 
to Tarifa. 
Spanish CSF: 99 MECU. 
h5 ALGERIA - TUNISIA - ITALY 
Increasing the transport capacity of the trans-Mediterranean gas Work well advanced, 
pipeline to Italy from Algerian resources. Commissioning: 1997. 
h6 RUSSIA - UKRAINE - EU 
Increasing transport capacity to the European Union from Prefeasibility studies. 
Russian resources via the main existing axis through the 
Ukraine, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. 
h7 RUSSIA - BELARUS - POLAND - EU Project declared as "priority project" at the 
Essen Summit (December 1994). 
Creation of a second transport axis from Russian resources to Section in Poland : under construction (a first 
the European Union via Belarus and Poland. phase, including the Oder crossing, has been 
completed). 
Sections in Germany : authorisation procedures 
ongoing/completed, some sections under 
construction. 
hll BULGARIA - GREECE 
Improvements to the gas transportation network in Bulgaria to First phase : construction near completion. 
ensure supplies from Russian resources to the new gas network Link to project e6. 
in Greece. EU financial intervention 
PHARE (Interreg): 4 MECU. 
hl2 BELGIUM - GERMANY 
Connecting gas pipeline between the Belgian and the German Authorisation procedures ongoing, 
networks. Commissioning 1998. 
* Including the Berneau-Eynatten connection. 
47 
STAGE REACHED AND 
PROJECT E.U. FINANCIAL INTERVENTION 
hl3 GERMANY- CZECH REPUBLIC - AUSTRIA - ITALY 
Construction of a system of connecting pipelines between the First phase (20 km from Mauerkirchen (A) to 
German, Czech, Austrian and Italian gas networks. Burghausen (DE) just completed. 
Other phases are at the planning feasibility 
study stage. 
Commissioning will vary from 1996 to 2001. 
EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies (under 
appraisal) 
h 14 RUSSIA - UKRAINE- SLOVAKIA - HUNGARY-
SLOVENIA - ITALY 
Construction of a new gas pipeline, from Russian resources, to First phase:environmental and technical 
Italy. feasibility studies ongoing. Work is expected to 
start in 1997 with commissionning expected in 
1999/2000. 
Second phase: 2003-2005: several possibilities 
are open.. 
EU financial intervention 
TEN line: co-financing of studies (under 
appraisal) 
Specification of the project (Commission Decision 96/537/EC of 30 July 1996 O.J. no L 230). 
ANNEX II: PROGRESS MADE ON THE TRANSPORT NETWORKS IN 1996 
A. The 14 Specific projects 
PROJECT PROGRESS MADE IN 1996 
HST North-South For the Austrian part of the Brenner [Inn Valley 
section], a new company was created in January which is 
responsible for the preparatory phase prior to the 
authorization to build. Detailed technical, financial, legal 
and economic studies for the entire Miinchen-Verona 
axis, launched by the German, Austrian, Italian 
governments and the Commission are making good 
progress and will be finished in December. 
48 
With regard to the northern part of the project (Berlin-
Nurnberg), new construction work was begun on the 
Leipzig-Erfurt and Erfurt-Nurnberg sections while work 
has progressed as planned between Berlin and Leipzig / 
Halle (upgrading). 
HST PBKAL In July, the British government granted to the London & 
Continental Railways consortium the concession to run 
the HST rail link between the Chunnel and London. 
An investment contract was concluded early in the year 
between the German government and the Deutsche Bahn 
AG for the construction of the new HST line 
Cologne-Frankfort. 
Work on the Brussels-Lille and Brussels-Netherlands 
border axes progressed as anticipated; a new financing 
structure was set up in Belgium which should make it 
possible to fill at least a part of the financing. 
In the Netherlands, an agreement was concluded finally 
on the route of the Amsterdam-Belgian border axis. 
HST South The Figueras-Perpignan international section : a trial 
bore for a 8 km tunnel was begun in the autumn. 
HST East The "déclaration d'utilité publique" was granted. 
HST France-Italy An intergovernmental Commission, to study the possible 
legal structure for the entity in charge of carrying out the 
international section of Montmelian-Torino was set up. 
For the Torino-Milano and Milano-Venezia sections, a 
concession, including the preparation, construction and 
the upkeep, was granted tov the TAV company; the state 
contributions to improve the project's profitability were 
ensured; the private contributions, however, still remain 
to be supplemented. 
Betuwe line For the Betuwe line, legislative progress was made even 
if the solution results in a considerable increase in the 
cost, which still remains to be covered. 
Greek motorways Concessions were granted for specific sections of the 
Motorways in Greece: the Rio-Antirio fixed link and the 
ring-road around Athens. 
49 
Lisbon-Valladolid In June, the Florence European Council formally took 
motorway note of the proposal by the Portuguese and Spanish 
governments to modify priority project n°8 of the Essen 
list A and thus to create a multimodal link between 
Portugal and Spain on the one hand and the rest of 
Europe on the other. A seminar was organized in October 
where the project in its extended scope was analyzed. The 
Commission welcomed the multimodal Portuguese 
approach and its coherence with the objectives of the 
TEN guidelines and confirmed that all the sub-projects 
were already identified in their annexes I and II. 
Cork-Dublin-Belfast- The railway project in Ireland is likely to be completed 
Larne-Stranraer considerably before the date envisaged, thanks to major 
contributions from the Cohesion Fund. 
Malpensa airport Work is proceeding according to schedule (completion of 
the entire project expected in 2000). The Italian Ministry 
of Transport has issued the decree laying down the rules 
for moving air traffic from Linate to Malpensa. 
Ôresund fixed link The construction of the tunnel and the bridge foundations 
are advancing well, as is the preparation of the access 
routes. 
Nordic Triangle A significant number of railway and road projects are 
under construction; in the maritime and port sectors, 
studies are in hand. 
Ireland/UK/Benelux The Irish part of the IRL/UK/Benelux road project is 
road link progressing well, thanks to ERDF and Cohesion Fund 
interventions. 
West Coast Line A decision concerning the finalisation of the financing 
plan is expected shortly. 
B. OTHER PROJECTS 
PROJECT PROGRESS MADE IN 1996 
Semmering base tunnel, The pre-qualification tender in view of a BOT 
Austria concession for a 42 km long section of the 
Pontebbana axis (Vienna-Tarvisio/Ljubljana), 
including the 21 km long Semmering base tunnel, 
was concluded and the final tender has been 
launched; the tendering procedure is planned to 
be finalized in early 1997. The execution of a 
trial bore (to be included as a service tunnel in 
the ultimate tunnel system) has been started in 
I 1996. I 
50 
Berlin-Hannover HST Procedures have been completed and work started 
on the 270 km long line reducing, after 
completion, the travelling time between Berlin 
and Hannover to lh45. 
Milano-Bologna-Firenze- Milano-Bologna : planning procedures are on 
Roma-Napoli HST going and are expected to be completed in 1997 
(granting of building permission). 
Bologna-Firenze : work has been started in 1996. 
Roma-Napoli : work is progressing. 
51 
ANNEX III: LIST OF TENFAC MEETINGS SEPT. 1995 - DEC. 1996 
1995 
10 October (morning) 
10 October (afternoon) 
11 October 
12 October 
9 November 
20 November horizontal affairs 
telecommunications 
energy 
transport 
energy 
telecommunications 
1996 
26 March 
8 May 
25 July 
13 September 
25 October 
12 November horizontal affairs 
transport 
transport 
telecommunications 
energy 
horizontal questions 
52 
ANNEX IV: ENERGY PROJECTS FINANCED UNDER REGULATION 2236/95 
A. COMMUNITY FINANCIAL SUPPORT IN 1995 
Registration 
number of the 
study 
E2/95 
E5/95 
E6/95 
E21-22/95 
E34/95 
E7/95 
E14/95 
E15/95 
E16/95 
E11/95 
E19/95 
E23/95 Identification of the projects 
subject of the study 
(b11)* FINLAND-SWEDEN 
Increased electricity transmission 
capacity 
(b11) SWEDEN-FINLAND 
Increased electricity transmission 
capacity 
(d14) SWEDEN-POLAND 
Electricity interconnection 
(d14) BALTIC RING 
Electricity interconnection 
(d14) BALTIC RING 
Peak power exchange 
(c5) ITALY 
Vado-Ligure-Morigallo electricity 
line 
(c5) ITALY 
Santa Barbara-Tavarnuzze 
electricity line 
(c5) ITALY 
Pietrafitta-Santa Barbara 
electricity line 
(c5) ITALY 
Piedilago pumped storage 
(d6) ITALY- AUSTRIA 
Cordignato- Austrian border 
electricity line 
(b6) ITALY- FRANCE 
Piossasco-Moncenisio electricity 
line 
(c6) SPAIN 
Cantabrian Sea : Penagos-
Guenes electricity line Maximum 
Eligible 
Cost of 
the study 
(in ECU 
'000) 
150 
150 
1600 
5000 
395 
274 
175 
200 
1475 
165 
160 
300 Maximum 
Amount of 
the 
Community 
financial 
support 
(in ECU 
'000) 
75 
75 
800 
2500 
150 
137 
87.5 
100 
737.5 
82.5 
80 
150 Community 
Financial 
support as 
percentage 
of the 
eligible cost 
(in %) 
50 
50 
50 
50 
38 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
53 
E24/95 
E25/95 
E27/95 
E28/95 
E3/95 
E30/95 
G1/95 
G2/95 
G3/95 
G4/95 
G5/95 
G6/95 (c6) SPAIN 
Cantabrian Sea : Guenes-ltxaso 
electricity line 
(c6) SPAIN 
Cantabrian Sea : Soto-Penagos 
electricity line 
(b7) SPAIN-FRANCE 
Pirineo connection substation 
electricity line 
(b7) SPAIN-FRANCE 
Aragôn-Cazaril electricity line 
(d13) SPAIN-MOROCCO 
New cable route for the electricity 
interconnection 
(c7) PORTUGAL-SPAIN 
Reinforcement of the electricity 
interconnection 
(f1) IRELAND-N.IRELAND 
Natural gas interconnector 
(g12) DENMARK 
Toender natural gas storage 
(gS) SPAIN 
(h4) Natural gas underground storage 
at Nueva Carteya 
(g8) SPAIN 
Natural gas underground storage 
at Huete 
(eS) GREECE 
Natural gas underground storage 
(e6) GREECE 
Extension of main natural gas 
transmission system 
TOTAL 250 
180 
280 
400 
1275 
634 
300 
2975 
1884 
2665 
2000 
1540 
24427 125 
90 
140 
200 
637.5 
317 
150 
1487.5 
942 
1332.5 
1000 
770 
12166 50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
Same reference as in guidelines (O.J. N° C216. 21/08/1995). 
54 
B. [a list of studies approved for 1996] 
Registration 
number of 
the study 
E35/96 
E38/96 
E40/96 
E46/96 
E52/96 
E55/96 
E62/96 MEMBER STATE - COMPANY 
Identification of the project* 
subject of the study 
and main scope of the study 
(c6) SPAIN - Red Eléctrica de Espana 
Electricity interconnections (at 400 K.V) Sentmenat -
Bescano and Bescano - Line Vic/Baixas (Mediteranean 
axis). 
Environmental impact and basic engineering studies for 
both lines. 
Economic and technical feasibility study for the second 
line. 
(b7) SPAIN - Red Eléctrica de Espana 
Alternative routes for the France-Spain electricity 
interconnection through the Central Pyrenees. 
Economic feasibility, environmental impact and basic 
engineering studies: Spanish share. 
(dl4) FINLAND - IVO Transmission Services Ltd 
Increased utilisation of.the existing HVDC electricity 
interconnection (submarine cable) Finland-Sweden. 
Feasibility and technical studies, including laboratory 
tests : Finnish share. 
(dl4) SWEDEN - Svenska Kraftnat 
Increased utilisation of the existing HVDC electricity 
interconnection (submarine cable) Finland - Sweden. 
Feasibility and technical studies, including laboratory 
tests : Swedish share. 
(dll) NETHERLANDS - N.V. Samenwerkende 
elektriciteits-produktiebedrijven 
(Sep) 
Electricity interconnection (submarine cable) 
Netherlands - Norway. 
Studies for electrode design and evaluation of 
reliability and availability, including submarine cable 
tests. 
(dl4) FINLAND - Teollisuuden Voimansiirto Oy 
Increasing electricity transmission capacity between 
South of Finland and Russia (St Petersburg area). 
Preparatory, feasibility and technical studies, including 
the follow-up of environmental aspects. 
(b7) FRANCE - Electricité de France 
Alternative routes for the France-Spain electricity 
interconnection through the Central Pyrenees. 
Economic feasibility, environmental impact and basic 
engineering studies : French share. Maximum 
eligible cost of 
the study 
(in ECU '000) 
440 
710 
450 
650 
3,000 
480 
300 Community 
financial 
support as 
percentage 
of the eligible 
cost 
(in %) 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 Maximum 
amount of the 
Community 
financial support 
(in ECU '000) 
220 
355 
225 
325 
1,500 
240 
150 
:>:> 
Registration 
number of 
the study 
E63/96 
G12/96 
G13/96 
Gi4/96 
G15/96 
G16/96 
G17/96 
G18/96 MEMBER STATE - COMPANY 
Identification of the project* 
subject of the study 
and main scope of the study 
(dl4) GERMANY - PreussenElectra 
East-West High Power Electricity Transmission System 
- Baltic route. 
Study of the technical, economic, financial, legal and 
environmental aspects. 
(g8) SPAIN - ENAGAS 
Natural gas underground storage at Val le del Ebro 
(North-South axis). 
Preliminary seismic survey. 
(g8) SPAIN - ENAGAS 
Natural gas underground storage at Cuenca de 
Cantabria (North-South axis). 
Preliminary seismic survey. 
(g8) SPAIN - ENAGAS 
Natural gas underground storage at Brihuega (North-
South axis). 
Drilling of one exploration well. 
(g8) SPAIN - ENAGAS 
Natural gas underground storage at Cerro Gordo 
(North-South axis). 
Preliminary seismic survey. 
(gl) IRELAND - Marathon International Petroleum 
Ireland Limited (MIPIL) 
Natural gas underground storage in "Kinsale Area". 
Feasibility and technical studies. 
(e6) GREECE - DEPA S.A. (Public Gas Corporation) 
Natural gas network on the island of Crete, including a 
LNG terminal. 
Feasibility, environmental and other studies. 
(gl2) DENMARK - Dansk Naturgas A/S 
Extension of the natural gas underground storage at 
Stenlille. 
Tri-dimensional seismic survey. 
TOTAL Maximum 
eligible cost of 
the study 
(in ECU '000) 
1,430 
1,008 
1,008 
1,943 
394 
636 
1,940 
3,424 
17,813 Community 
financial 
support as 
percentage 
of the eligible 
cost 
(in %) 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 Maximum 
amount of the 
Community 
financial support 
(in ECU '000) 
715 
504 
504 
971.5 
197 
318 
970 
1,712 
8,906.5 
* Same reference as in the guidelines Decision (OJ N° L 161, 29.06.1996) 
56 
ANNEX V: TELECOMS PROJECTS FINANCED UNDER REGULATION 2236/95 
A.1995 ISDN 
Ref. I Title I Maximum EU 
Contribution 
(in ECU) 
TI1.1 Euro-label profiles: Desk-Top Multimedia 740,150 
Conferencing 
TI.1.2 Migration strategies from Euro-ISDN onwards 491,100 
TI.1.3 Euro-ISDN Bulletin Board 208,250 
TI.1.6 Development of Euro-services: Euro Green Line, 320,500 
Euro Kiosk 
TI.2.1 Euro-ISDN for an integrated public health care 750,000 
network 
TI.2.2 Euro-ISDN to interconnect traffic information 1,231,314 
centres. 
TI.2.3 European Tiertiary Education network (I) 678,000 
TI.2.3 European Tiertiary Education network (II) 590,000 
TI.2.3 European Tiertiary Education network (III) 630,000 
TI.2.5 Euro-ISDN as a platform for teleworking (I). 165,000 
TI2.5 Euro-ISDN as a platform for teleworking (II) 1029,000 
TI.2.6 Electronic trading for SMEs using Euro-ISDN (I) 264,898 
TI.2.6 Electronic trading for SMEs using Euro-ISDN 984,250 
(H) 
TI.2.6 Electronic trading for SMEs using Euro-ISDN 764,450 
(HI) 
TI.2.6 Electronic trading for SMEs using Euro-ISDN 485,462 
(iv) ; 
TI.2.7 Trans-regional learning using Euro-ISDN (I) 397,492 
TI.2.7 Trans-regional learning using Euro-ISDN (II) 488,400 
TI.2.8 Euro-ISDN awareness for SMEs 1,125,563 
TQTAL 11,371,929 
57 
B.1996 ISDN 
Réf. 
41.02 
61.01 
71.03 
21.03 
31.02 
51.01 
11.03 
51.02 
31.01 
51.03 
61.05 Acronym 
INFOCITIES 
TELEPOLIS 
TEN-TREND 
PAIDEIA 
MOSAIC 
TAGIS 
MEDSALUS 
NOPROBLEMS 
DCC 
GTS 
DYP Title 
City information network 
Income for content through 
billing and clearing 
Teleworking Remote 
Enterprise Network 
development 
PAIDEIA in TEN-Telecom 
Methods and tools to create 
and maintain virtual museums 
Trans-European access to 
Generic ISDN-based services 
Euro-ISDN Professional tele-
collaboration; the 
mediterranean network for 
health care knowledge sharing 
Non proprietary reliable 
electronic mail systems 
Common digital platform for 
cultural content 
Global Telecommunication 
Services 
Dynamic Yellow Pages 
TOTAL Maximum EU 
Contribution 
(in ECU '000) 
5 000 
1 530 
2 948 
495 
918 
1 700 
513 
1 573 
1 680 
440 
1 304 
18 101 
58 
ANNEX VI: IDA TELEMATIC PROJECTS FINANCED IN 199616 
Service Project total budget 
DG I SIGL - exchange of product and license 850 000 
information 
DG I Total 850 000 
DG VI ANIMO - animal movements 150 000 
DG VI PHYSAN - phyto sanitary control 940 000 
DG VI SHIFT - veterinary controls 200 000 
DG VI FIS - IDES (under Horizontal Generic Services) 0 
DG VI Total 1 290 000 
DG XV SIMAP - electronic public procurement 800 000 
DG XV Horizontal Activities - Legal, Contractual & QC 300 000 
(under Horizontal Generic Services) 
DG XV Total 1 100 000 
DG XXI VIES - vat information exchange system 2 100 000 
DG XXI CCN/CSI (under Horizontal Generic Services) 35 000 
DG XXI EXCISE CONTROL 20 000 
DG XXI QUOTA 300 000 
DG XXI SCENT CIS/FISCAL - Customs and indirect 1 000 000 
taxation, agriculture 
DG XXI TARIC - Customs and indirect taxation, third 850 000 
country import/export 
DG XXI EBTI - european binding tariff information 850 000 
DG XXI TRANSIT - goods traffic 400 000 
DG XXI Total 5 555 000 
Eurostat EDICOM - electronic data interchanges on 0 
commerce 
16 These figures are based upon a budget resulting from the assignment of ECU 6 million to the 
EDICOM programme and upon the assumption that ECU 7.5 million presently in reserve will be 
released by the European Parliament. Furthermore, due to the late adoption of the IDA decision 
a number of measures were carried forward from 1995 to 1996 for a total value of ECU 15.798 
million. These measures are NOT included in the above table. The TEN financial regulation 
does not apply to the IDA programme. 
59 
Eurostat DSIS - distributed statistical information services 1 800 000 
Eurostat EXTRACOM - exchange of foreign trade statistics 450 000 
Eurostat SERT - company statistics 600 000 
Eurostat Horizontal Activities (under Horizontal Generic 200 000 
Services) 
Eurostat Total 3 050 000 
All sectors Horizontal Generic Services, including legal & 3 518 000 
security aspects 
All sectors Total 3 518 000 
DI Implements support of horizontal actions at EC 1 015 000 
level 
DI Total 1 015 000 
AGENCY European Medicine Evaluation Agency 0 
AGENCY European Monitoring Centre on Drugs 225 000 
AGENCY Translation Centre 0 
AGENCY European Environment Agency 0 
AGENCY RESMA - Trademarks 0 
AGENCIES Total 225 000 
DG IV FOURCOM 400 000 
DG IV Total 400 000 
DG V TESS (SOSENET) - telematics for social security 700 000 
DG V EURES - employment database 737 000 
DG V CARE - disease control and monitoring 400 000 
DG V Total 1 837 000 
DG X Illegal Traffic of Cultural Goods 0 
DG X Total 0 
DG XIV FIDES -fisheries data exchange 250 000 
DG XIV Total 250 000 
SG Communication & Mgmt. of Official Documents 1 200 000 
(Trilogue) 
SG REITOX - Drugs and Drug Addiction 0 
SG Total 1 200 000 
60 
DG III/B/6 Awareness & Promotion 260 000 
DG III/B/6 Coordination & Support 200 000 
DG III/B/6 Practical Intro, of Electronic Mail based on X.400 150 000 
DG III/B/6 Horizontal Activities - Generic Services 0 
DG III/B/6 Horizontal Activities - Architecture ...TESTA 3 100 000 
DG III/B/6 Horizontal Activities - Legal, Contractual & QC 0 
DG III/B/6 Total 3 710 000 
Grand Total 24 000 000 
61 
ANNEX VII: TRANSPORT PROJECTS FINANCED UNDER REGULATION 2236/95 
A. 1995 
Title of supported project/study 
I. TEN SPECIFIC PROJECTS 
1. HST/Combined transport Berlin-Verona mm m Mode™ Support 
i4> 1995 
Studies on the Brenner axis for the improvement of the 
economic and financial feasibility of the Miinchen-Verona link 
Feasibility studies on the Brenner axis for new access routes 
to the Brenner base tunnel (in Italy) 
Planning and design studies for the Brenner axis: Lower Inn 
Valley section 
Brenner axis (project): Lower Inn Valley section, construction 
of 3rd and 4th track between Kufstein and Baumkirchen 
Upgrading of the Berlin - Halle/Leipzig railway line 
Total for PP N°1 
2. HST PBKAL 
TGV - PBKAL-Belgium (interest rebates) 
Technical and design studies for the PBKAL-NL 
Feasibility study on the Channel Tunnel Rail Link 
Total for PP Nb2 
3. HST South 
Study on the TGV Madrid-Barcelona-Perpignan-Montpellier: 
section Madrid-Barcelona-French border 
Study on the TGV South: railway line Spain- France Atlantic 
side (Vitoria -Dax) 
Study on the TGV South: railway line Languedoc-Roussillon 
Total for PP N°3 
4. HST East 
Technical studies APS for the HST-EST European 
Total for PP N°4 
5. Betuweline 
Technical and design studies for the Betuwe line 
Total for PP N°5 
6. HST/Combined Transport France-Italy 
Studies for the HST/Combined transport line Turin-Milan-
Verona-Venice 
Study on the international transalpine connection between 
Lyon and Turin. 
Total for PP N°6 S 
S 
S 
P 
p 
P(IR) 
S 
S 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 0.800 
1.730 
6.500 
0.500 
24.900 
$4.430 
20.000 
6.ÔÔÔ 
17.000 
45.ÔÔÙ 
4.950 
0.500 
0.500 
5.950 
22.000 
22.000 
7.000 
7.ÔÔÔ 
10.179 
6.000 
16.179 
' P = projet; S = Study 
18 R = Rail; C = Combined transport; M = roads; A = Airports; S = Sea/ports; T = Traffic 
management; V = Vessels; G = Satellites. 
MECU 
62 
7. Greek Motorways 
Road study "Makri - Industrial area of Alexandroupolis" 
(EGNATIA) 
Studies for the Maliakos fixed link (Consultant Services for the 
preparation of the future concession - PATHE) 
Road Study "Tempi Valley Exit - Skotina Intersection" (PATHE) 
Road study "Girtoni - Tempi Valley entrance" (PATHE) 
Total for PP N°7 
10. Malpensa Airport 
Malpensa 2000 
Total for PP N*10 S 
§ 
§ 
S 
P(lft) M 
M 
M 
M 
A 1.750 
2.5ÔÔ 
1.ÔÔÔ 
Ô.75Ô 
6.000 
1.800 
1.800 
11. Oresund link (rail/road) Denmark-Sweden 
Studies for the Danish access routes to the Oresund fixed link 
Design studies and environmental studies and monitoring 
Studies for the Oresund fixed link 
Total for PP N''11 
12. Nordic Triangle 
Financial, socio-economic and environmental studies on the 
Nordic Triangle in Finland 
Studies on rail infrastructure of the Nordic Triangle in Finland 
Studies on the road part of the Nordic Triangle in Finland (E 
18) 
Construction and improvement of railway link of the Nordic 
Triangle in Finland 
Construction and improvement of road sections (E 18) of the 
Nordic Triangle in Finland 
Study on the development of Finland's Sea Infrastructure 
Study on the traffic management system on TERN in Finland 
Feasibility Study for upgrading/re-alignment of sub-sections of 
Stockholm-Malmô railway line (Planning phase) 
Studies on Gôteborg-Mellerud-Kornsjô railway line (upgrading 
of three sub-sections) 
Upgrading of Malmô-Gôteborg railway line for high-speed, 
including doubling of track (project) 
Total for PPN°12 
13. Ireland-UK-Benelux road link 
Studies in England and Northern Ireland on the Ireland-UK-
Benelux road link. 
Total for PP N°13 
14. West Coast main line • 
Feasibility study and associated design work for the 
modernisation of the West Coast MainLine, and consideration 
of the implications of interoperability and inter-modal freight 
operations 
Total for PP N°14 
Command Control pilot project for HST network 
Feasibility study on ERTMS (European Rail Traffic 
Management System) for harmonisation at the European level 
of safety and rail traffic management. 
Total for Control command project 
TOTAL SPECIFIC PROJECTS 
II. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND OTHER PROJECTS 
1. Air traffic management 
New North West Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar 
Data and Transmission Facilities 
Replacement /Upgrading Radar systems 
Replacements of Shanwick High Frequency 
Transmitters/Receivers S 
s 
s 
S 
s 
P(|R) 
P(|R) 
S 
s 
s 
s 
p 
s 
s 
s 
p 
P(IR) 
P(IR) 
P R/M 
R/M 
M,R,P 
R 
M 
ft 
M 
S 
TM 
R 
R 
R 
M 
R 
T,R 
T,A 
TA 
T,A 
T,A 5.000 
10.000 
15.000 
Ô.Ô53 
1.260 
1.928 
0.680 
0.965 
0.210 
0.454 
0.665W 
0.555 
5.280 
12.050 
2.ÔÔ0 
2.000 
8.600 
8.600 
7.500 
7.500 
181.509 
0.190 
Ô.23Ô 
0.240 
0.330 
63 
Installation of Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar 
(MSSR) at Porto Santo 
Installation of Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar 
(MSSR) Porto 
Improvement of data networks to fulfil EUROCONTROL 
Standards 
Transmission and Receiving systems 
Conventional Secondary Surveillance Radar Upgrading to 
Monopulse (MSSR) 
Radar 2000 
Upgrade of Radar Coverage 
Study for a North European Automatic Dependant Surveillance 
Broadcast (ADS-B) Network 
Study for Pre-Operational Mode-S station 
Total for Air traffic management 
2. Road traffic management 
Traffic Management Centre in Ludwigsburg 
Study for Traffic Management on the TERN in the Netherlands 
Traffic Management on the TERN in the Netherlands 
Study for the integrated Control and Information System for 
traffic on the motorway network of the Grand Duche of 
Luxembourg 
Study on the national integration of the European guidelines 
for traffic monitoring 
Study for the control and information road traffic system on the 
Portuguese trans European Road network 
Demonstration of RDS/TMC on accesses to Madrid 
Study for the demonstration of the RDS/TMC service in the 
area of Madrid 
Study for the implementation of RDS-TMC service in the 
Spanish part of the TERN 
Feasibility study on the European Data Exchange Network 
between traffic information centres on the trans-European road 
network 
Study for the Central European Road Telematics 
Implementation Concertation 
Study for the South Europe Road Telematics Implementation 
Study for the national RDS-TMC implementation in the United 
Kingdom and its interconnexion across national frontiers 
Study for the creation of a traffic information and control center 
in the Walloon Region 
Study for transport telematics implementation project in • 
Flanders 
Study on harmonisation of levels of services and organisational 
measures (Road Traffic Management) 
Study for the creation on an European Centre for electronic fee 
collection qualification (Road Traffic Management) 
Study for the completion of the traffic information centres 
network in Spain 
Completing the network of the Traffic Management Centers 
Study on the RDS/TMC Information Service on TERN in Italy 
Installation of advanced signalling and management systems 
in the M-40 ring motorway around Madrid 
Study for the implementation of advanced signalling and 
management systems in the M-40 
Implementation of the National Traffic Management Master 
Plan 
Study on the European coordination for the implementation of 
the RDS-TMC traffic information services 
Study for the adaptation of RDS - TMC in Germany 
Total for Road traffic management P 
P 
P 
w p 
p 
p 
s 
s 
p 
s 
p 
s 
s 
s 
p 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
p 
s 
p 
s 
p 
s 
s T,A 
",A 
T,A 
TA 
T.A 
TA 
T,A 
T,A 
T,A 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M 
T,M Ô.31Ô 
Ô.3Ô0 
0.500 
Ô.5ÔÔ 
Ô.65Ô 
Ô.85Ô 
2.0ÔO 
2.ÔÔÔ 
8.ÔÔÔ 
16.100 
Ô.26Ô 
0.050 
0.268 
0.300 
Ô.47Ô 
Ô.35Ô 
0.410 
0.135 
0.185 
Ô.4ÔÔ 
0.400 
Ô.4ÔÔ 
0.450 
0.500 
0.500 
0.500 
Ô.1ÔÔ 
0.180 
Ô.74Ô 
0.930 
1.7ÔÔ 
0.600 
2.480 
3.680 
0.110 
16.098 
3. Maritime traffic management 
Study for the ship reporting and information system Northsea 1 S 1 T,V 1 0.120 
64 
Ship reporting and information system Northsea 
(implementation) 
Study for the Ship Reporting System 93/75/EEC 
Ship Reporting System 93/75/EEC (implementation) 
Study for the implementation of the VTMIS in Greece 
VTS - improvements (Midlife conversion of VTS Rotterdam) 
Etude de mise à niveau des CROSS et des VTS portuaires 
pour l'intégration dans le réseau transeuropéen VTMIS 
Etude préalable à la mise à niveau des systèmes de traitment 
des informations radar et de gestion des radiocommunication 
des CROSS 
VTS System implementation in the Messina Strait (TRITON) 
Studies for the TEDIM (Baltic Sea Telematic Platform) 
Total for Maritime traffic management 
4. GNSS 
Feasibility study for the provision of navigation and positioning 
services through the use of INMARSAT III navigation 
transponders 
Total for GNSS 
5. Other Projects 
Luxembourg Airport Motor Testing Platform (project) 
Feasibility Study on the multimodal system Adriatic Corridor 
Study on modernization of Northern line 
Improvement of the railway link Groningen-Leer 
Study (first phase) of the Milano-Ventimiglia line, section S. 
Lorenzo-Finale 
Preliminary studies for the design for the connection of the 
railway line with the Gottard (Milano - Chiasso) 
Feasibility Study on the Fehmarn Belt fixed link 
Feasibility Study on the Fehmarn Belt fixed link 
Total for Other Projects 
TOTAL FOR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND OTHER 
PROJECTS P 
S 
P 
S 
P 
S 
S 
P 
S 
S 
P 
S 
S 
P 
S 
S 
S 
S T,V 
T.V 
T,V 
T.V 
T,V 
T,V 
T,V 
TV 
T,V 
T.G 
A 
R/M/P 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R/M 
R/M 0.040 
Ô.Ô64 
0.038 
0.400 
0.450 
0.205 
0.415 
1.001 
0.530 
3.263 
9.500 
9.500 
Ô.79Ô 
1.000 
1.640 
1.500 
2.000 
2.600 
2.000 
2.000 
13.530 
58.491 
GRAND TOTAL 240.000 
B. 1996 
The Commission will adopt the list of projects by the end of the year. 
Brenner: Inn Valley section.studies 
Legal and financial studies on Munchen-Verona axis: AU,D,I; (AU 
coordinates) 
HST North-South Berlin-Nurnberg-Munchen-Verona; 
Sections:Arnstadt-Erfurt and Grobers-Leipzig 
Feasibility studies on the Brenner axis for new access routes to the 
Brenner base tunnel 
Total Project N°1 
2. HST PBKAL 
HST PBKAL; Section Raunheim-Frankfurt 
Feasibility study on the Channel Tunnel Rail Link 
Total Project N°2 
3. HST SOUTH 
Study on the HST South: Madrid-Vitoria-Dax, section Y Vasca 
Study on the HST South: feasibility and executive study Catayud-
Ricla; executive study for Lleida-Barcelona and rest of Madrid-
Zaragoza S 
S 
p 
s 
p 
s 
s 
s R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 8.5000 MECU 
1.5ÛÛÔMECU 
15.5000 MECU 
1.5ÔÔ0MECU 
27.0000 MECU 
2Ô.0ÔÔÔ MECU 
25.0000 MECU 
45.0000 MECU 
0.3235 MECU 
1.7265 MECU 
65 
Studies on HST South - Languedoc-Roussillon:Perpignan-Spanish 
border 
Studies on HST South - Languedoc-Roussillon: Montpellier-
Perpignan 
Total Project N°3 
4. HST EAST 
HST EastSaarbrucken-Mannheim and Kehl-Appenweier 
HST East -Etudes techniques d'avant projet détaillé 
Total Project N°4 
5. Betuweline 
Betuweline Study 1996 
Total Project N°5 
6. HST/Combined Transport France-Italy 
Studies on the HST/ Combined Transport Lyon-Torino:Lyon-
Montmélian 
Studies on the HST/ Combined Transport Lyon-Torino:Montmélian-
Turin 
Studies for the HST Lyon-Trieste:section Torino-Milano-Verona-
Venezia-Trieste 
Studies on the international transalpine connections between Torino-
Lyon 
Total Project N"6 
7. Greek Motorways 
PATHE:Elefsina -Stavros-Spata airport motorway and Imittos 
Western peripheral motorway 
Road studies of Patras by pass; road links with the new port and the 
city of Patras (techn. studies-PATHE) 
Access to Via Egnatia: Road study "Siatista-Kristallopigi" 
Study for electronic toll collection on toll motorways in Greece 
(PATHE / EGNATIA) 
Total Project N°7 
8. Lisbon-Valladolid 
Studies on the road axis Lisbon-Vilar Formoso 
Studies on the modernisation of the Northern Line 
Total Project N°8 
10. Malpensa Airport 
Malpensa 2000 Airport 
Total Project N°10 
11. Oresund link (rail/road) DK-SW 
0resund fixed link: all works 
Danish access routes 
Studies for Traffic Management on the motorway link to Oresund 
Studies for Swedish access routes to Oresund 
Total Project N°11 
12. Nordic Triangle 
Studies on road sections (E18) in the Nordic Triangle in Finland 
Construction and improvement of road E18 (Finland) 
Implementation of Traffic Management systems for TERN in Finland 
Studies for Traffic Management systems for TERN S 
S 
P 
S 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
p 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
P(IR) 
P(IR) 
P(IR) 
S 
s 
S 
P(IR) 
P 
S R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
M 
M 
M 
M 
M 
R 
A 
R/M 
R/M 
M,T 
R/M 
M 
M 
M,T 
M,T 3.7000 MECU 
Ô.52ÔÔ MËCU 
6.3500 MÉCU 
5.ÔÔÔ0 MECU 
11.4Ù00MËCU 
16.4000 MECU 
lo.ooûo MECU 
10.0000 MECU 
4.0000 MECU 
8.8ÔÔÔ MECU 
22.00Û0 MECU 
2.0000 MECU 
36.8000 MECU 
7.9100 MECU 
0.1000 MECU 
0.2500 MECU 
0.1500 MECU 
8.4700 MECU 
2.2500 MECU 
1.1000 MECU 
3.3500 MECU 
2.0000 MECU 
2.0000 MECU 
9.ÔÔÔÔ MECU 
4.2000 MECU 
Ô.5ÔÔÔ MECU 
3.5000 MECU 
17.2000 MECU 
1.2000 MECU 
2.5000 MECU 
0.2080 MECU 
0.5ÔÛÙ MECU 
66 
Construction and improvement of railways in the Nordic Triangle in 
Finland 
Studies on railways in the Nordic Triangle in Finland 
Vessel traffic service networks in Finland 
Studies on the development of Finland's Sea Infrastructure 
Development of Port Infrastructure in the Nordic Triangle 
Study on Stockholm Arlanda Airport (runway) Nordic Triangle 
Feasibility study for upgrading and tunnel covering of E6 Môlndal 
(Nordic Triangle) 
Feasibility study for upgrading of railway section: Sodra-Stambanen 
(Nordic Triangle) 
Feasibility study for upgrading of the railway line Gôteborg-Kornsjo 
(Nordic Triangle) 
Study on the Nordic Triangle: Trelleborg intermodal terminal 
Study on the Nordic Triangle: Port of Stockholm and Norvik 
development project 
Study on the Nordic Triangle: Gôteborg ferry lines terminal 
Total Project N°12 
13. Ireland-UK-Benelux road link 
Study on the Newry-Dundalk cross border road link 
Three English studies on the IRL-UK-Benelux road link:Bridge 
Assessment study; A14 route strategy study;M6/M11 capacity studies 
Study on ROADLINK Network - Real Time Traffic Information 
Total Project N"13 
14. West Coast main line 
West Coast Main Line-Works 
West Coast Main Line-Studies 
Total Project N°14 
ERTMS 
ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System) Feasibility study 
Total Project ERTMS 
Total Priority Projects + ERTMS 
II. Traffic Management and other projects 
1. Air traffic management 
Radarsystems - upgrade 
ATN Trials Infrastructure in Germany 
SACTA Phase III 
Study for ATN Trials Infrastructure 
Study for the development of Air Situation Display 
Study on the technical and operational problems related to the 
implementation of the 8.33 KHZ VHF (ATM) 
Study on the Installation of ARTEMIS 
Implementation of the National aeronautical data network 
Automatic Dependant Surveillance/Controller Pilot Data Link 
Communications study 
Enhancement and replacement of radar systems 
New Lisbon ATM and Voice communications control systems-
G ETAL IS 
ATN Implementation feasibility studies 
Total ATM Projects 
2. GNSS 
GNSS, phase 2, Experimental programme Braunschweig studies 
GNSS, phase 2, SATNAV Differential Station Frankfurt a.M. study P 
S 
P 
S 
S 
S 
S 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
p 
s 
s 
p 
s 
p 
s 
s 
s 
s 
p 
s 
p 
p 
s 
s 
s R 
R 
V,T 
s 
p 
A 
M 
R 
R 
P 
P 
P 
M 
M 
M,T 
R 
R 
TR 
A,T 
A,T 
A,T 
A,T 
AT 
A,T 
A,T 
A,T 
A,T 
A,T 
A,T 
AT 
G,T 
G,T 5.0250 MECU 
0.475Ô MECU 
0.70ÛO MECU 
0.3Û7Ô MECU 
0.1050 MECU 
1.125Ô MECU 
0.2070 MECU 
4.503Û MËCU 
1.6500 MECU 
0.0500 MECU 
0.0050 MECU 
0.1750 MECU 
18.9750 MECU 
0.3250 MECU 
1.7000 MECU 
0.3000 MECU 
2.3250 MECU 
4.8000 MECU 
2.4ÔÛÔ MECU 
7.2000 MECU 
10.2250 MECU 
10.2250 MECU 
211.2350 MECU 
0.7400 MECU 
3.8ÔÔÔ MECU 
1.0000 MECU 
5.4ÔÔÔ MECU 
3.1500 MECU 
Ô.1ÔÔÔMECU 
1.3000 MECU 
Ô.55ÔÛ MECU 
0.1560 MECU 
Û.83ÛÔ MECU 
1.2000 MECU 
Ô.745Û MECU 
18.9710 MECU 
Ô.7ÔÔÔ MECU 
0.5120 MECU 
67 
Feasibility study tor the implementation of a navigation by satellite 
network 
Installation of Differential GNSS network in NL 
Total GNSS Projects 
3. Road traffic management 
Cross Border Route Guidance System Nuremberg - Prague / Linz -
Prague study 
Completing the network of Traffic Managment Centres in Spain 
Implementation of the National Traffic Management Master Plan : 
Dynamic signalling and RDS-TMC in the TERN in Spain 
Study on traffic management and information services in the Central 
European area (CENTRICO) (B.NL.D.F) 
Implementation of traffic management and information services in the 
Central European area (CENTRICO) (B,NL,D,F) 
Study on traffic management and information services on the TERN 
in the SERTI area (D, F, 1, E) 
Implementation of traffic management and information services on 
the TERN in the SERTI area (D, F, 1, E) 
VIKING-Study for coordinated road traffic management 
implementation in Northern Europe (D, DK, SW, SU) 
CORVETTE-Study for the coordination and validation of the 
deployment of advanced transport telematic systems in alpine areas 
(D, A, 1) 
Study on ITS City Pioneers (Ertico) 
Implementation of the National Traffic Management Master Plan 
(SDER) 
Demonstration and installation of RDS-TMC information services on 
the TERN in the Northern part of Italy. 
Study of National RDS-TMC implementation in the UK and its 
inconnexion across national frontiers 
Total Road TM Projects 
4. Maritime traffic management 
Study on Traffic monitoring horizon 2005 (France) 
Renewal of the radar data processing equipment of VTS centres in 
the Channel 
Midlife conversion of Rotterdam VTS 
Ship reporting system study: NL coordinates (NL, B, D, SF, E, F) 
European Coastal VHF DSC Infrastructure GMDSS 
Total Maritime TM Projects 
5. Other projects 
Pontebbana axis: Semmering base tunnel 
Seine - Schelde (Escaut) inland waterways based combined transport 
study 
Socio-economic study of the maritime accessibility of the ports of 
Ghent and Terneuzen 
Feasibility study-Tunnel under the Warnow (Hansestadt Rostock) 
Feasibility study on the Nordlandkai Lubeck 
Feasibility study for the HST Copenhagen-Aalborg-Rodby 
Aalborg East Harbour 
Environmental assessment for the extension of the Port of Aarhus 
Study on the Med. motorway: Nerja-Motril 
Study on the Lleida-Barcelona motorway:Cervera 
Study on the M50 Madrid Ring 
Study on the Albacete-Murcia motorway 
Feasibility study for extension and development in the port of 
Valencia 
EU study for RADEF (Road Administration Exchange) (B coordinates) 
Studies for the Port 2000 Le Havre 
Study for the Saint Malo Port S 
P 
s 
p 
p 
s 
p 
s 
p 
s 
s 
s 
P 
p 
s 
s 
p 
P 
s 
p 
p 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s 
s G,T 
G.T 
M,T 
M,T 
M.T 
M,T 
M,T 
M,T 
M,T 
M,T 
M.T 
M,T 
M,T 
M,T 
M,T 
V,T 
V,T 
V,T 
V,T 
V,T 
R 
1 
P 
M 
P 
R 
P 
P 
M 
M 
M 
M 
P 
M 
P 
P Ô.5000 MECU 
Ô.Ô91Ô MECU 
10.8030 MEÛU 
0.4500 MECU 
0.Ô550 MECU 
Ô.9Ô00 MECU 
5.2855 MECU 
2.161ÛMECU 
3.2625 MECU 
0.22Û5 MÊCU 
0.8750 MECU 
0.6000 MËCU 
Ô.5Û00 MËCU 
2.5000 MECU 
0.5000 MECU 
Ô.3ÔÛ0 MECU 
18.4295 MECU 
0.0175 MECU 
0.1390 MECU 
Ô.76ÔÔ MECU 
0.40Ô0 MËCU 
0.1250 MECU 
14475 MECU 
1.0ÔÔÛMECU 
1.5000 MECU 
Ô.5ÔÔÔ MECU 
2.0000 MECU 
0.0500 MECU 
Ô.4ÔÔÔ MECU 
Ô.25ÔÔ MECU 
0.1000 MECU 
4.0000 MECU 
1.0000 MECU 
2.2500 MECU 
2.0000 MECU 
Ô.5ÛÛÔ MECU 
Ô.415ÙMECU 
0.4000 MECU 
0.1ÛÛÛ MECU 
68 
Feasibility study for the multimodal transport system Adriatic corridor 
(3 main ports: Igoumenitsa, Patra.lraklion) 
Bologna Airport: 2 studies 0.3400 MECU 
Ô.4ÙÔÙ MECU 
Studies for the reorganization of the road access to the 
Marghera/Venice port area 
Luxembourg Airport terminal 
Scandinavia Logi-link extension studies, Port of Terneuzen 0.1400 MECU 
0.2560 MECU 
0.2250 MECU 
Studies for TEDIM (Baltic Sea telematic platform) 
Studies for the modernisation of the Great Western lines - route 
strategy RTF 
~~R" Û.5Ô0Û MECU 
Ô.8Û0Ô MECU 
Total Other Projects 19.1200 MËÙU 
Total Traffic Management and Other Projects 68.7650 MECU 
GRAND TOTAL 280 MECU 
69 
ANNEX VIII: MAJOR TEN PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE REGIONAL AND 
COHESION FUNDS IN 1996 
A. Essen specific projects - Cohesion Fund financing 
Commitments and applications for grant 
PROJECT 
No 3. High Speed Train South 
Madrid-Barcelona-Perpignan 
Madrid-Vitoria-Dax 
Total project No 3. 
No 7 . Greek Motorways 
Patras-Athens-Thessaloniki 
Via Egnatia 
Total project No 7. 
No 8. Lisbon-Valladolid 
motorway 
Portuguese section 
Spanish section 
Total project No 8. 
No 9. 
Cork-Dublin-Belfast-Larne rail 
link 
Line upgrading 
No 13. Ireland/UK/Benelux 
N1/N7 road corridor in Ireland 
TOTAL SPECIFIC 
PROJECTS 1993 
Mecu 
8.02 
0.00 
8.02 
45.35 
26.42 
71.77 
23.82 
0.00 
23.82 
11.87 
8.50 
123.9 Commitments 1993-1996 
1994 
Mecu 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
13.06 
9.21 
22.27 
28.80 
0.00 
28.80 
20.60 
40.19 
111.8 1995 
Mecu 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
40.74 
40.74 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
21.47 
30.83 
93.04 1996 
Mecu 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
27.07 
27.07 total 
93-96 
Mecu 
8.02 
0.00 
8.02 
58.41 
76.36 
134.7 
52.62 
0.00 
52.62 
53.94 
106.5 
355.9 Grant 
applied 
for20 
Mecu 
337.04 
0.00 
337.04 
354.07 
506.46 
860.53 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
40.00 
1237.56 
20 Grant requested by Member State authorities in applications received up to September 1996 
(includes total amount of assistance from Cohesion Fund foreseen over the period to 1999). 
70 
B.l. The Regional Fund 
Energy: 
Gas 
SPAIN: 
CSF: 
"Estrecho Gibraltar-
Tarifa-Cordoba" 
Network Campo 
Gibraltar and Jerez 
Instalaciones GNL 
Huelvà 
Gasoduct Valencia-
Cartagena (1st phase) 
INTERREG II B 
(Interconnection with 
Portugal) 
GREECE: 
Introduction of natural 
gas in Greece21, from 
Russia and Algeria, of 
which: 
CSF 1994-1999 
Initiative INTERREG 
II B 
PORTUGAL: 
Natural gas network: 
INTERREG II B 
CSF 
UK: 
TOTAL: eligible 
cost 
(MECU) 
525.24 
325.24 
224.52 
23.00 
18.20 
59.52 
200.00 
1275.40 
1275.40 
825.40 
450.00 
565.16 
348.16 
217.00 
2624.80 ERDF 
grants 
(MECU) 
208.88 
128.88 
89.91 
9.20 
7.28 
22.49 
80.00 
534.60 
534.60 
354.60 
• 180.00 
237.00 
140.00 
97.00 
1071.18 Period 
94-97 
94-97 
94-96 
94-96 
94-99 
94-99 
94-99 
94-99 
94-99 Ref 
21 • including low pressure distribution systems in Greece 
71 
Electricity 
GREECE 
REGEN-Cable 
ITALY. 
REGEN 
INTERREG II B 
UK: 
CSF Sub-programme -
electricity interconnector 
N. Ireland - Scotland 
TOTAL: eligible 
cost 
(MECU) 
50.00 
288.48 
149.05 
139.43 
252.72 
591.20 ERDF 
grants 
(MECU) 
20.00 
86.77 
31.00 
55.77 
86.48 
193.25 Period 
94-99 
92-96 
94-99 
94-99 Ref 
Telecommunications: 
Public networks 
GREECE: 
OP Telecom CCA II eligible cost 
(MECU) 
322.00 ERDF 
grants 
(MECU) 
173.00 Period 
94-99 Ref 
Transport: 
Roads 
SPAIN: 
O.P. Castilla y Leôn 
of which : 
Motorway Lisboa-
Valladolid PP8 
GREECE: 
PATHE (Patra-Korinth-
Athens-Thessaloniki) 
PP7 
VIA EGNATIA PP7 eligible 
cost 
(MECU) 
666.77 
666.77 
179.37 
1426.00 
600.00 
826.00 ERDF 
grants 
(MECU) 
433.40 
433.40 
116.59 
847.00 
352.00 
495.00 Period 
94-99 
94-99 
94-99 
94-99 Ref 
N° 94.11.09.006 
c(94)3043/3 du 25/11/94 
72 
IRELAND: 
Cork - Portlaoise (N8) 
PP13 
Cork - Wexford (N24) 
Limerick -Portlaoise-
Dublin 
ITALY: 
OP Road infrastructure: 
Messina-Palermo 
Salerno-Reggio Calabria 
Cagliari-Sassari 
Bari-Otranto 
Brindisi-Lametia Terme 
UK: 
OP Road infrastructure: 
Dublin-Belfast 
Other Northern Ireland 
TOTAL: 120.20 
15.60 
28.70 
75.90 
490.00 
100.00 
155.00 
84.50 
42.50 
108.00 
-
2702.97 90.00 
11.70 
21.50 
56.80 
245.00 
50.00 
77.50 
42.25 
21.25 
54.00 
37.23 
24.81 
12.42 
1652.63 95-99 
94-96 
94-96 
94-99 
94-99 
94-99 
94-99 ERDF 
940509016 
Conventional Rail 
GREECE: 
Athens-Thessaloniki 
ITALY 
OP Rail Transport 
UK: 
Total Rail: 
Belfast-Dublin 
Other Northern Ireland eligible 
cost 
(MECU) 
293.00 
1756.00 
-
TOTAL: 2049.00 ERDF 
grants 
(MECU) 
176.00 
704.00 
53.92 
46.53 
7.39 
933.92 Period 
94-99 
94-99 
94-99 
97-99 Ref 
73 
Airports 
IRELAND: 
Global upgrading 
Dublin-Cork-Shannon eligible 
cost 
(MECU) 
14.80 ERDF 
grants 
(MECU) 
7.40 Period 
95-97 Ref 
C(94) 1971/3 
Ports 
GREECE: 
Port of Patras 
Port of Volos 
Port of Rhodes 
Port of Souda 
IRELAND: 
Dublin (Bulk storage 
facility) 
Ringaskiddy (idem) 
TOTAL: eligible 
cost 
(MECU) 
69.00 
44.00 
13.00 
8.00 
4.00 
7.40 
3.70 
3.70 
76.4 ERDF 
grants 
(MECU) 
41.00 
26.00 
8.00 
5.00 
2.00 
3.80 
1.90 
1.90 
44:80 Period 
94-99 
94-99 
94-99 
94-99 
96-97 
96-97 Ref 
C(94) 1771/3 
C(94) 1771/3 
TOTAL TRANSPORTS 4843.17 . 2638.75 
74 
ANNEX IX : EIB LOANS FOR TEN AND TEN-RELATED PROJECTS 
EIB PROJECTS (ECLlni) Loans 
approved Finance contracts signed 
<93 93 94 Total 
95 96 
1. PRIORITY PROJECTS (Essen European Council) 
HIGH SPEED TRAIN/COMBINED TRANSPORT NORTH SOUTH (DE/AT/IT) 
HIGH SPEED TRAIN PBKAL (FR/BE/DE/NL/UK) 
HIGH SPEED TRAIN SOUTH (ES/FR) 
HIGH SPEED TRAIN EAST (FR/DE/LX) 
BETUWE LINE / COMBINED TRANSPORT (NL/DE) 
HIGH SPEED TRAIN/COMBINED TRANSPORT FRANCE-ITALY (FR/IT) 
GREEK MOTORWAYS (GR) 
PORTUGAL-SPAIN MOTORWAY (PT/ES) - wider project 
RAIL LINK CORK-DUBLIN-BELFAST-[LARNE-STRANRAER] (IE/UK) 
MALPENSA AIRPORT (IT) 
FIXED RAIL/ROAD LINK BETWEEN DENMARK AND SWEDEN (DK/SE) 
NORDIC TRJANGLE (NO/SE/F1) 
IRELAND - UNITED KINGDOM - BENELUX ROAD LINK (UK/IE) 
WEST COAST MAIN LINE (UK) 
2. FURTHER PROJECTS OF IMPORTANCE (Essen European Council) 
2.1 Projects in the European Union 
2.2 Projects with neighbouring countries 
3. OTHER TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORKS PROJECTS 
3.1 Trans-European road network 
3.2 Trans-European rail network 
3.3 Trans-European port network 
3.4 Trans-European airport network 
4. PROJECTS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE 
4.1 Road corridors 
4.2 Rail corridors 
4.3 Ports 
4.4 Airports and ATC 
TOTAL 8 079 
384 
1 786 
1 389 
2 060 
44 
295 
688 
1 332 
131 
3 458 
2 958 
500 
7 783 
3 168 
3 096 
460 
1 059 
1 292 
812 
216 
69 
195 
20 612 642 
477 
61 
104 
642 1180 
370 
109 
701 
425 
176 
247 
347 
100 
23 
224 
222 
168 
54 
2174 1137 
286 
143 
534 
104 
60 
11 
314 
176 
138 
626 
260 
182 
32 
152 
259 
153 
15 
91 
2336 1603 
350 
230 
34 
598 
44 
20 
128 
149 
50 
274 
234 
40 
1434 
413 
583 
299 
139 
230 
176 
54 
3541 924 
119 
10 
66 
312 
417 
250 
250 
1055 
633 
417 
5 
261 
245 
16 
2490 5485 
350 
1481 
357 
2003 
44 
124 
440 
626 
61 
1263 
838 
425 
3462 
1406 
1182 
359 
515 
972 
742 
16 
69 
145 
11182 
75 
FIB PROJECTS (IX'UM) Loans 
approved Finance contracts signed 
<93 93 Total 
94 95 96 
1. PRIORITY PROJECTS (Essen European Council) 
1.1 Projects in the European Union 
ELECTRICAL INTERCONNECTION GREECE - ITALY 
ELECTRICAL INTERCONNECTION FRANCE - ITALY 
ELECTRICAL INTERCONNECTION FRANCE - SPAIN 
ELECTRICAL INTERCONNECTION SPAIN - PORTUGAL 
EAST - WEST ELECTRICAL INTERCONNECTION DENMARK 
NATURAL GAS NETWORK GREECE 
NATURAL GAS NETWORK PORTUGAL 
GAS INTERCONNECTION PORTUGAL - SPAIN 
1.2 Projects with neighbouring countries 
GAS PIPELINE ALGERIA - MOROCCO - EUROPEAN UNION 
GAS PIPELINE RUSSIA - POLAND - EUROPEAN UNION 
2. FURTHER PROJECTS OF IMPORTANCE (Essen European Council) 
2.1 Projects in the European Union 
2.2 Projects with neighbouring countries 
3. OTHER TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORKS PROJECTS 
3.1 Trans-European electricity network 
3.2 Trans-European gas network 2 248 
1 261 
100 
57 
526 
354 
224 
987 
641 
346 
2 195 
811 
1 384 
4 443 200 
200 
200 
160 
160 
360 315 
153 
153 
161 
162 
402 
142 
260 
716 523 
333 
102 
224 
190 
190 
222 
91 
131 
745 593 
250 
50 
200 
343 
343 
474 
49 
425 
1 067 1 638 
744 
56 
207 
255 
224 
894 
552 
343 
1 258 
442 
816 
2 896 
76 
EIB PROJECTS (ECUM) 
1. PROJECTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 
1.1 Networks and Trunk Exchanges 
1.2 Mobile Telephony 
1.3 Satellites and Stations 
2. PROJECTS WITH NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES 
2.1 Networks and Trunk Exchanges 
2.2 Mobile Telephony 
2.3 Satellites and Stations 
TOTAL Loans 
approved 
6 462 
5 136 
1 005 
321 
695 
680 
15 
7 157 Finance contracts signed 
<93 93 94 95 96 
666 
615 
51 
110 
110 
776 2 100 
2 006 
72 
22 
300 
300 
2 400 839 
786 
53 
130 
130 
969 1 063 
368 
395 
300 
1 063 TOTAL 
4 668 
3 775 
571 
322 
540 
540 
5 208 
77 
ANNEX X : "THE LIKELY MACROECONOMIC AND EMPLOYMENT IMPACT OF 
INVESTMENTS IN TRANS-EUROPEAN TRANSPORT NETWORKS" 
Executive Summary 
There has been increasing interest recently in the likely economic and employment effects of 
investments in Trans-European Infrastructure Networks. This report attempts a first tentative 
assessment of these impacts of the construction of one component of the networks, namely the 
Trans-European Transport Network (T-TEN) In order to clarify the issues involved, two cases 
were analysed: firstly, the completion of the 14 projects agreed at the Essen European 
Council, constituting an estimated remaining investment volume of about 90 billion ECU; 
secondly, the realisation of the transport TENs as outlined in the Community guidelines 
(COM(94)106 final), for an estimated 400 billion ECU. The following points emerge from 
this analysis: 
• The macroeconomic effects of the completion of the Essen projects are highly positive: 
the cumulative gain in GDP would exceed 560 billion ECU by the year 2030. Tins 
represents a socio-economic return of about 11%. There are very few public expenditures 
that give such a consistently high rate of return over such a long period of time. The 
rapid completion of the Essen projects would thus give an important boost to the 
competitiveness of the European economy. 
• The employment effects can be separated into two distinct aspects: temporary 
employment gains during the construction period, and permanent increases in employment 
during the operation period. 
• According to the tentative estimates presented in this report, the completion of the Essen 
T -TENs would create additional employment of 700,000 mail years during the first 
decade (1998-2007). The construction of the full T-TENs as set out in the Community 
guidelines would lead to an increase in employment of some 3,200,000 man years. 
• Permanent jobs derive from the increased economic activity resulting from the use of the 
completed network. As pointed out already, this increase is likely to be very significant. 
The extent to which jobs are created, however, very much depends on the degree to which 
productivity gains flow into either higher wages or job creation. On the assumption that 
most of the productivity gains are taken in real wages - a cautious hypothesis which is 
based on historical trends - the range of estimates for long term employment effects in 
the economy as a whole is between 130,000 and 230,000 extra jobs for the 14 Essen 
projects and between 594,000 and 1,030,000 extra jobs for all the projects in the T-TEN 
guidelines. However, if workers could be persuaded to take the productivity increases 
resulting from TEN investments in additional employment rather than higher real wages, 
then the increase in jobs would be dramatically higher: from at least 570,000 in the case 
of the 14 Essen projects, to as much as 4,700,000 for the whole network. These net 
figures mask potentially significant changes at the sectoral and regional levels which have 
not, however, been analysed in the present study. They nevertheless confirm the 
significant potential of T-TEN implementation for improving the Union's employment 
performance. 
78 
• It is important to point out that the above-mentioned estimations are based on the 
assumption that there is no significant overcapacity in the economy and that, therefore, 
T-TEN investments tend, in the short-term, to crowd out some alternative investment 
projects that would otherwise be undertaken. However, the present macroeconomic 
environment in the European Union with high unemployment and low interest rates 
indicates that significant spare capacity seems to be available. Accordingly, it can be 
expected that a political push for quick T-TEN implementation would generate even more 
jobs than estimated on the basis of the conservative assumptions used in this report. 
• It is worth emphasising in this context that the relationship between T-TEN construction 
and increased employment is not automatic. Whether the improved business opportunities 
are taken advantage of depends on accompanying polices. Transport policy could provide 
an important impetus through the implementation of fair and efficient pricing. Additional 
impact could come from a well-designed process of liberalisation in the transport sector. 
Macroeconomic and structural policies are particularly important for likely employment 
effects. This is especially true for those policies that influence the functioning of goods, 
capital and labour markets by enhancing competition, reducing rigidities and facilitating 
structural adjustment. It can be expected, for instance, that there would be a positive 
inter-relationship between the economic benefits, in terms of improved productivity and 
international competitiveness, of the completion of the Single Market Programme as well 
as Economic and Monetary Union, the globalisation of the world economy and the 
development of the Trans-European Networks. 
In conclusion, the initial analysis presented in this report indicates that the completion of the 
Trans-European Transport Network will make a positive contribution to employment creation -
but will not solve the unemployment problem - in Europe. However, T-TENs should not be 
judged solely on their ability to create jobs. Other important benefits are likely to accrue. 
First, the T-TENs will significantly raise output in the EU. Furthermore, the T-TENs also 
bring Europe closer together. This dimension of economic and social cohesion is particularly 
important for the more peripheral regions. Under certain circumstances there should also be 
environmental benefits due to a shift of traffic from roads towards other modes of transport. 
It has not been possible, however, to analyse these aspects in the present study. In view of 
the above, further and complementary analysis of the likely economic, employment and 
environmental effects of T-TEN investments would clearly be desirable. 
Output and employment effects of the completion of the Essen T-TEN projects (central case) 
compared to the base case 
35.0 
20.0 
= 15.0 
1-9 180000 
160000 
140000 
20000 



ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(96) 645 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 15 07 11 12 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-96-648-EN-C 
ISBN 92-78-13086-9 
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