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Vol. 1984/0 208 
  
 
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Conformém ent au règlement (CEE, Euratom) n° 354/83 du Conseil du 1er février 1983 
concernant l'ouverture au public des archives historiques de la Communauté économique 
européenne et de la Communauté européenne de l'énergie atomique (JO L 43 du 15.2.1983, 
p. 1), tel que modifié par le règlement (CE, Euratom) n° 1700/2003 du 22 septembre 2003 
(JO L 243 du 27.9.2003, p. 1), ce dossier est ouvert au public. Le cas échéant, les documents 
classifiés présents dans ce dossier ont été déclassifiés conformément à l'article 5 dudit 
règlem ent. 
In accordance with Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 354/83 of 1 February 1983 
concerning the openin g to the public of the historical archives of the European Econom ic 
Communit y and the European Atom ic Energy Communit y (OJ L 43, 15.2.1983, p. 1), as 
amended by Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1700/2003 of 22 September 2003 (OJ L 243, 
27.9.2003, p. 1), this fi le is open to the public. Where necessary, classified documents in this 
file have been declassified in conformity with Article 5 of the aforementioned regulation.  
In Übereinstimmung mit der Verordnung (EWG, Euratom) Nr. 354/83 des Rates vom  1. 
Februar 1983  über die Freigabe der historischen Archive der Europäischen  
Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft und der Europäischen Atomgem einschaft (ABI. L 43 vom  15.2.1983,  
S. 1), geändert durch die Verordnung (EG, Euratom) Nr. 1700/2003 vom 22. Septem ber 2003  
(ABI. L 243 vom 27. 9.2003, S. 1), ist diese Datei der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. Soweit  
erforderlich, wurden die Verschlusssachen in dieser Datei in Übereinstimmung mit Artikel 5  
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COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
C O M (8 4 ) 5 2 5  final 
Brussels, 2 8  Septem ber 1 9 8 4
S E V E N T H  R E P O R T  F R O M  T H E  C O M M I S S I O N  T O  T H E  C O U N C I L
A N D  T H E  E U R O P E A N  P A R L I A M E N T
o n  the implementation of financial and technical 
aid to non-associated developing countries 
(at 3 1  D ecem ber 1983)
C O M (84) 5 2 5  final

Ce>M~ SU
S E V E N T H  R E P O R T  F R O M  T H E  C O M M I S S I O N  T O  T H E  C O U N C I L  
A N D  T H E  E U R O P E A N  P A R L I A M E N T
1. I N T R O D U C T I O N
1.1 F I N A N C I A L  A N D  T E C H N I C A L  A I D  T O  N O N - A S S O C I A T E D  D E V E L O P I N G  C O U N T R I E S
1.1.1 General rem arks
1.1.2 Objectives
1.1.3 Procedures
1.2 T H E  S E V E N T H  R E P O R T  O N  I M P L E M E N T A T I O N
1.2.1 Report o n  implementation in 1983
1.2.2 Evaluation of aid to the non-associated developing countries
2. T H E  1983 P R O G R A M M E
2.1 B A C K G R O U N D
2.1.1 C o m m itm en t appropriations available
2.1.2 Guidelines
2.1.3 Allocation of funds
2.2 A N A L Y S I S  O F  T H E  P R O G R A M M E
2.2.1 B reakdow n of program m ed funds
2.2.1.1 B reakdow n by recipient
2.2.1.2 Sectoral breakdow n
2.2.1.3 B reakdow n by type of operation
2.2.2 Financing arrangements
2.2.2.1 A utonom ous and cofinanced projects
2.2.2.2 Bilateral and regional projects
3. I M P L E M E N T A T I O N  IN  1983
3.1 Background
3.1.1 C om m itm ents
3.1.2 Disbursements
3.2 O T H E R  P O IN T S
3.2.1 Administrative fram ew ork agreements
3.2.2 Project preparation and monitoring
4. T O W A R D S  A N  E V A L U A T I O N

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL AID TO NON-ASSOCIATED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
1.1.1 General remarks
Financial and technical cooperation with non-associated developing  
countries was first introduced in 1976, with an appropriation of 20 million  
units of account (then equivalent to approximately US $ 25 million) under  
Article 930 of the General Budget of the European Communities.
The amount of money allocated in the budget for this purpose has risen  
steadily, reaching 235 million ECU in 1983 and amounting cumulatively to  
almost 1000 million ECU for the period 1976-83. It has been used to finance  
development activities and projects in seme 30 non-associated countries in  
Asia, Africa and Latin America. In addition it has provided help for  
certain regional institutions and organizations run by these countries or  
active in them.
1.1.2 Objectives; Council Regulation 442/81 and the annual guidelines
The fundamental aims of financial and technical aid to non-associateddeve- /  
loping countries were set out in Council Regulation 442/81, which laid down  
the general framework and principles for Community operations in this  
area. Briefly, these may be summarized as follows:
(a) aid should be directed towards the poorest developing countries and the  
most needy sections of their population, with special importance being  
attached to rural development, particularly in order to improve food  
supply;
(b) as a subsidiary form of action, participation in regional projects may  
be considered (and in this case, projects do not necessarily have to be  
in the rural sector); some aid is earmarked for measures to deal with  
exceptional circumstances, in particular reconstruction projects in the  
event of a disaster;
(c) aid is given in the form of grants and may cover imports and local  
expenditure; projects may be financed autonomously or by means of co­
financing with Member States or with international bodies;
(d) funds should be allocated in such a way that a Community presence in  
the major regions of the developing world is ensured.

2
Regulation 442/81 is supplemented by general guidelines adopted each year  
by the Council on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the  
European Parliament. These guidelines spell out the general objectives,  
mainly by defining possible priorities or by setting the quantitative cri­
teria for dividing aid between the major geographical areas or the differ­
ent types of operation.
1.1.3 Procedures
The procedures by which programmes are adopted are also laid down in Regul­
ation 442/81. Starting from the 1981 programme (when such procedures were  
introduced),  financing decisions for the various projects are taken by the  
Commission, after receiving the opinion of a financing committee composed  
of representatives of the Member States, under the chairmanship of the Com­
mission. This committee meets several times a year, making it possible to  
examine projects in batches as and when they are ready. There were six  
meetings of the committee in 1983 and five in the first half of 1984.
The same Regulation stipulates that the Commission must provide Parliament  
and the Council with information on the administration of the programme.
1.2 THE SEVENTH REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAMME
1.2.1 Report on implementation in 1983
This report is the seventh report on implementation and concerns 1983.
It begins (in Chapter 2) with a review of the programme for 1983, describ­
ing the allocation of the budget funds for the year, in the light of both  
the available funds and the annual guidelines. The distribution of the  
funds, by geographical area, by country, by sector and so on, is described  
with comments on how it compares with previous years.
The second part (  in Chapter 3 ) consists of a report on implementation  
proper for the year· It deals with the commitments made in the year ending  
31 December 1983 (whether under the 1982 or 1983 programme) and the dis­
bursements effected in the course of the year in connection with the imple­
mentation of any of the annual programmes from 1976 onwards.

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1.2.2. Evaluation of aid to the non-associated developing countries
The Council and Parliament have suggested that the annual report should  
also provide details on the experience gained with some of the projects.
Such an analysis would have proved difficult up to now, because the pro­
gramme is relatively new, some of the projects are spread over a long  
period, and the necessary perspective from which to assess a sufficient  
number of projects has therefore been lacking.
Now that the number of completed projects is growing, it is legitimate to  
consider the extent to which they have achieved their objectives, espe­
cially the general one of contributing to the development of the country  
and the population concerned. We shall therefore be looking at some indi­
vidual projects and thereby attempting a few generalizations and conclu­
sions.
2. THE 1983 PROGRAMME
2.1. BACKGROUND
2.1.1. Commitment appropriations available
Commitment appropriations approved by the budget authorities for the 1983  
programme of technical and financial cooperation with the non-associated  
developing countries (Article 930 of the General Budget) amounted to 235  
million ECU.
At a later stage, a small part of this total was transferred to other arti­
cles, leaving the Article 930 budget at 212.2 million ECU.1  
In addition, at 31 December 1982, there were outstanding commitment appro­
priations from 1982 amounting to 48.736 million ECU which were carried over  
to 1983.
Here, it should be noted that the Commission has to report on the content  
and implementation of a particular programme a considerable time in some  
cases before the period available for committing funds has in fact expir­
ed.2 The result is often that at the time of making the report, part of  
the funds has not yet been programmed and is therefore carried over to the  
following year.
1 Transfer of 20 million ECU to a new Article 952 to provide special aid for  
Lebanon and of 2.8 million ECU to Article 934 (Training of nationals of non-  
associated developing countries).
2 Under the Community's financial regulations, appropriations made available for  
an annual budget may be committed during the year in question or the following  
year? however, the annual report is prepared before the expiry of the second  
year.

- 4 -
The following table summarizes the situation:
Table 1 - Funds available - 1983 Programme
ECO
1983 appropriations 212200000 (235 000 000 less 22 800 000)
1982 appropriations 48736000
TOTAL 260936000
2.1.2. Guidelines
The annual guidelines for the 1983 programme were proposed by the Commis­
sion in September 1982 and adopted by the Council in December 1982.1 The  
guidelines confirmed the basic policy objectives referred to in the Regul­
ation and elaborated on some of them.
The main points made were that:
(a) the reserve earmarked for special post-disaster operations would ac­
count for 5-6% of the total resources (1982: 5-7%) and the cost of
managing the 1983 programme (use of experts and specialists from out­
side) would be limited to 3% of the total aid (1982: 4%);
(b) the geographical breakdown of resources would be similar to that of  
1982, namely 75% for Asia, 20% for Latin America and 5% for Africa;
(c) the list of eligible countries remained unchanged;
(d) special efforts were called for to step up the volume of cofinancing  
operations involving the Community and the Member States.
1 Council Decision of 21 December 1982

- 5 -
In November 1983, the general guidelines for the current programme were  
supplemented by a Council Decision adding China to the list of countries eligible  
for aid under Article 930.“ '
The guidelines can be summarized in the following table:
Table 2 - General guidelines - 1983 Programme
General appropriations
Disaster reserve 5-6%
Cost of managing the programme 3% maximum
Breakdown by continent
Asia 75%
Latin America 20%
Africa 5%
2.1.3. Allocation of funds
A sum of 23 900 000 ECU out of the total budget was, in accordance with the  
guidelines, earmarked for specific operations, namely:
(i) 11 400 000 ECU for five post-disaster projects: this sum represents  
5.4% of the 1983 appropriations and is therefore within the bracket  
laid down in the Council's guidelines;
(ii) a special allocation of 4 000 000 ECU to pay for external experts'  
services; representing 1.9% of the total, this percentage is well  
within the bracket approved;
(iii) 6 000 000 ECU, amounting to 2.8% of the annual budget, for interna­
tional research activities under the aegis of the CGIAR.
In addition, 238 825 000 ECU was provided in the programme for 30 different  
projects or operations (two of them involving the supply of products in  
order to generate counterpart funds for projects), in the three geographic­
al areas covered by the programme, as follows: 182 030 000 ECU - Asia; 47  
720 000 ECU - Latin America; 9 075 000 ECU - Africa.
1Council Decision of 4 November 1983.

-  6 -
The suB- of 211 489 000 2CU representing the 1983 appropriations was divided in  
accordance with the guidelines as follows: 142 650 000 ECU - Asia; 38 246 000  
ECU - Lntin America; 9 193 000 ECU - Africa.
The appropriations carried over from 1982 (48 736 000 ECU) were apportioned  
according to the geographical criteria adopted for the 1982 prograwne.
A more detailed analysis of the way in which this breakdown was achieved is  
given in the next chapter.
The global breakdow n m a y  b e sum m arized as follows :
Table 3 - Allocation of funds - 1983 Programme (ECU)
" Total
1982 1983 entered
appropriation appropriation in programme
General appropriations
Disaster reserve - 11400000 11400000
Cost of managing the programme - 4000000 4000000
International agricultural
research - 6000000 6000000
Subtotal — 21400000 21400000
Geographical breakdown
Asia 39380000 142650000 182030000
Latin America 9474000 38246000 47720000
Africa -118000 9193000 9075000
Subtotal 48736000 190089000 238825000
TOTAL 48736000 211489000 260225000
The table shows that virtually all of the available commitment appropriations  
(260 936 000 ECU, see Table 1) were included in the 1983 programme with just  
711 000 ECU having to be carried over to the 1984 program m e.

- 7 -
2.2.ANALYSIS OF THE PROGRAMME
An exhaustive list of the various operations with details of the type, sec­
tor and sum committed, in respect of the 1983 programme will be found in  
Annex I. Details of the financing (bilateral or regional operation, autono­
mous or cofinanced, size of Community's contribution, etc.) are also given.
2.2.1. Breakdown of programmed funds
2.2.1.1. Breakdown by recipient
This is given in the following table:
Table 4 - 1983 Programme - Allocation by recipient*
ASIA ECU
ASEAN 7500000
Bangladesh 17000000
Burma 2500000
China 6000000
Interim Mekong Committee 750000
India 64500000
Indonesia 21200000
Nepal 5300000
Pakistan 7800000
Sri Lanka 20000000
Thailand 26740000
Yemen 2740000
Total Asia 182030000
LATIN AMERICA
Bolivia 16000000
Intergovernmental Committee
for Migration 1400000
Honduras 9000000
Andean Pact 6060000
Nicaragua 3660000
Peru 11600000
Total Latin America 47720000
* For a detailed list of projects, see Annex I.

-  8 -
ECU
AFRICA
Mozambi<jue 9075000
Total Africa 9075000
Subtotal:
Asia, Latin America, Africa 238825000
Post-disaster operations 11400000
Cost of managing the programme 4000000
International agricultural research 6000000
Subtotal:
General appropriations 21400000
GRAND TOTAL 260225000
As the table shows, 20 countries have received or will receive funding for  
new projects under the 1983 programme. China appears on the list for the  
first time.
The major recipient is still India with a total 64 500 000 ECU, amounting  
to 26% of the geographically committed funds.
Other countries to have received substantial allocations are four in Asia  
(Thailand: 26.74m ECU or 10.7% of the total; Indonesia: 21.2m ECU or 8.5%;  
Sri Lanka: 20m ECU or 8.0%; Bangladesh: 17m ECU or 6.8%) and one in South  
America (Bolivia: 16m ECU or 6.4(% of the total). In the last case, an
exceptional effort was made because of the resumption of aid following an  
over two-year break for political reasons.
Together the six main recipients accounted for 64% of the programmed funds.
As in previous years, the bulk of the aid was allocated to the poorest  
developing countries.

- 9 -
Of the total funds allocated to countries, 86% went to those with a per  
capita income of $ 740 or less (IBRD 1980 data), representing a higher  
average than in previous years.^
Countries in the World Bank's low-income group (per capita income of $ 410  
or less) accounted for 55% of the total funding.^
The share of programmed funding going to countries on the United Nations  
least developed list (LLDCs) was 12% of the total.3
Changes in these percentages from one year to another are not particularly  
significant given that few countries are involved, with most of them small  
and not therefore able to benefit from the programme regularly. Moreover,  
the number of projects involving LLDCs is bound to be small as the majority  
of such countries are in Africa and thus not covered by the programme.
2.2.1.2. Sectoral breakdown
The overall breakdown of commitments by sector is given below.  
Table 5 - 1983 programme - Allocation by sector
ECU %
Rural production 17735000 6.8
Agricultural services 43940000 16.9
Agricultural infrastructure 85200000 32.7
Integrated rural development 65780000 25.3
Agricultural research 13560000 5.2
Village infrastructure 10300000 4.0
Other 23710000 9.1
Of which:
Technical assistance at central  
level and support for institutions 2 310 000
Disasters (rehabilitation and  
prevention) 11 400 000
Industry 6 000 000
Experts and monitoring   4 000 000
TOTAL 260 225 000 100.0
1 Bangladesh, Burma, Bolivia China, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Laos,  
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Yemen.
2 Bangladesh, Burma, China, Haiti, India, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka,  
Yemen.
2 Bangladesh, Haiti, Laos, Nepal, Yemen.

-  10  -
As in p> ;vious years, the 1983 programme was almost entirely concentrated  
on the agricultural and rural sector.
A substantial proportion of projects (seven in all in the various regions, 
and accounting for 25% of the funds) were integrated rural development pro­
jects ir which technical, economic and social elements were combined.  
Other focal areas for projects were rural production (crops, silviculture,  
livestock, fisheries), agricultural infrastructure (irrigation, drainage,  
storage facilities, etc.) and agricultural services (credit, extension  
services, training, technical assistance for agricultural projects etc.),  
to which must be added village infrastructure projects, for example water  
supply, and agricultural research schemes either at the central level or at  
a more local and specific level.
The total amount allocated to agriculture and/or the rural sector was 236  
515 000 ECU, or 91% of the funds.
2.2.1.3. Breakdown by type of operation
Five of the operations fell into the category of post-disaster measures.  
Between them, they accounted for 11 400 OOO ECU or 5.4% of the 1983 appro­
priations, which is within the financing bracket approved for this cate­
gory. It will be noted that such projects can cover a wide variety of  
activities and sectors and are not necessarily confined to the rural  
sector. The 1983 programme, for example, included several reconstruction  
projects, among them the rebuilding of homes and the rehabilitation of the  
transport infrastructure. With a slightly different focus, there was also  
an integrated rural development project to assist former refugees.
Technical assistance, research and studies accounted for 7.9% of the total  
programme for the year, at a cost of 20 470 000 ECU. Only technical assist­
ance and studies undertaken as individual projects are included in the  
total; there is obviously a technical assistance or study component in the  
majority of projects but the costs of these are not included here. It will  
be noted that, largely because of an initial set of technical assistance  
projects in China costing 6 OOO OOO ECU, spending on this category of oper­
ation reached its highest level ever in 1983, both in absolute amount and  
as a percentage of total spending.

-11 -
2.2.2 Financing arrangements
2.2.2.1. Autonomous and cofinanced projects
Cofinancing with Member States and other aid agencies continued to play  
significant part in the 1983 programme and reached a  new h ig h  ; 14 new pro­
jects were cofinanced (compared with 12 in 1982) at a cost to the Community  
of 112 590 OOO ECU (compared with 75 400 OOO ECU in 1982) i.e. .43.3% of the  
total programme (35.9% in 1982). This result reflects the continuing effort  
by the Commission to increase the effectiveness of Community aid, where  
suitable cases arise, by cofinancing operations with other aid donors.
In the 1983 programme six of the Member States (Belgium, France, Germany,  
Italy, Netherlands, United Kingdom) are cofinancing partners for e i g h t  
separate projects (one of which is an extension of an existing project), at  
a total cost to the Community of some 50 000 OOO ECU. Its other cofinancing  
partners are regional or international organizations (IBRD,UNICEF,UNHCR,  
Asian Development Bank, CGIAR), with whom a further six projects, at a cost  
to the Community of 43 600 000 ECU, have been cofinanced. Here, mention  
should be made of an unusual case, where Community funds have been combined  
with financing provided by Saudi Arabia, for investment in a project in Sri  
Lanka, an example of triangular cooperation, the first in the case of aid  
to a non-associated developing country.
As one might expect, cofinanced projects naturally tend to be larger than  
the average, and the share of the EEC in total project cost correspondingly  
lower. The phenomenon is particularly marked in the case of cofinancing  
with regional or international agencies, but less so where the cofinancing  
partner is a Member State. In 1983 the EEC's share was in such cases usual­
ly predominant. This situation is a measure of the experience the Commis­
sion has acquired over the years, which has enabled it increasingly to  
attract the Member States' participation in its own projects rather than  
proposing to contribute Community funds towards projects identified by the  
Member States.

-12 -
Figures illustrating the various aspects referred to are given in the following  
table:
Table 6 - 1983 Programme - Cofinancing
ECU
No of Totalcost EEC contribution
projects^ ofprojects2 Amount
Cofinancing with:
Member States 7 88900OOO 4899000055%
International
organizations 6 244500OOO 43600OOO18%
Other countries 1 73OOOOOO 20OOOOOO27%
TOTAL 14 406400OOO 112590OOO27.7%
Recapitulation
255405 43%Whole programme 35 593525000 000
Autonomous projects 21 187125OOO 142815OOO76.3%
(1) Only new projects and projects based on counterpart funds have been included.  
Cost overruns, the supply of products and the cost of experts and monitoring  
are not treated as separate projects.
(2) Estimates.
2.2.2.2. Bilateral and regional projects
In the 1983 programme there were seven regional projects costing 23 210 000  
ECU, i.e., 8.2% of the total programme. Regional cooperation organizations
were the recipients in four of them (Andean Pact, ASEAN and the Mekong Commit­
tee) .  Not only are such projects of direct benefit for the purposes specified,  
but they also encourage regional cooperation efforts by the countries concern­
ed.
Along the lines of similar operations in previous years, another project  
consisted of support for the CGIAR's international agricultural research  
institutes, for which an overall sum of 6 000 000 ECU was allocated.

-13-
Among operations in the post-disaster category there was one regional project  
to set up a radar system to provide early warning of hurricanes in Haiti and  
the Dominican Republic. Finally there was a regional project to help five  
Spanish-speaking countries in Central America by offering nationals with  
professional qualifications who have emigrated to the industrialized countries  
incentives to return home.
3. IMPLEMENTATION IN 1983
3.1 BACKGROUND  
3.1.1. Commitments
During the year, commitments amounting to 225 790 000 ECU were made, a much  
higher sum than in any earlier year.
Before commenting in greater detail on this result, it should again be noted  
that the Community's financial regulations allow appropriations made available  
under a particular annual budget to be committed either in the current budget  
year or in the succeeding one. The sums effectively committed, therefore, dur­
ing the 1983 calendar year consisted of appropriations f o r  1982 (s e c o n d  com m it­
m en t y ear)  , plus appropriations for 1983 proper.
A distinction must also be drawn between 1982 budget appropriations which were  
actually programmed under the 1982 Programme (these have been dealt with in the  
1982 annual report) and those which w ere  n o t program m ed and therefore carried  
over into the 1983 Programme at the end of the yeax.
In other words the sum of 225 790 000 ECU referred to above consists of 1982  
budget appropriations of 91 550 000 ECU allocated to the 1982 Programme (pro­
jects that were included in the 1982 Programme but where approval was given  
and commitments made at the beginning of 1983), plus 134 240 OOO ECU allocated  
to the 1983 Programme, made up of 48 736 000 ECU uncommitted in 1982 and car­
ried over, and 85 504 OOO ECU in 1983 budget appropriations.
Most of the commitments made early in the year (91 550 000 ECU) related to  th e  
continuation and completion of the 1982 programme, for it will be recalled  
that the commitment rate by the end of that year was barely 42%. 1982 was
chiefly marked as being the year of Special Action to assist Central America,  
for which appropriations were only voted in October so that they could not  
therefore be absorbed by the end of the year. It is of interest that by the  
end of the first half of 1983 all the funds in respect of the 1982 programme  
had been committed.

- 14 -
It was then necessary to commit around 50 million ECU from the 1982 budget,  
uncommitted that year and carried over to 1983. Once all the 1982 appro­
priations had been committed (around the middle of the year) a start
could be made on committing the actual 1983 appropriations.
During the year, about 85 000 000 ECU of 1983 appropriations were committed  
out of a total of 211 489 000 ECU entered in the programme. It is now pos­
sible to say that all of the 1983 programme will be committed by mid-1984  
(apart from the operation concerning China, for which financing will be  
committed only in the second half of 1984).
The table on page 18 includes all of these figures and summarizes the  
statistics on aid to the non-associated developing countries since its  
introduction in 1976.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the table:
(a) generally speaking it has been possible to programme aid using the  
funds earmarked under Article 930 of the budget well within the period  
authorized for such commitments: carry-over from one year to the next  
has on the whole been moderate, seldom amounting to more than 10% of  
the programme. The only exception to this was in 1982, when, it will  
be remembered, the Special Action projects were not approved until  
October. Note that there i s  no carry-over from th e  1983 pro g ram m e.
(b) Until 1982, the bulk (75%) of the aid had been committed by the end of  
the first of the two years allowed for this. However, at the end of  
1982 a large part of the programme, topped up by a further 58 million  
ECU in October, remained uncommitted. Because of having to catch up on  
this backlog, only 40% of the 1983 appropriations had actually been  
committed by the end of 1983 despite the record commitment rate  
throughout the year. The same rate has been maintained in the early  
part of 1984 so that the whole of the 1983 budget will have been com­
mitted by mid-1984. There is thus no doubt that all funds will have  
been committed within the prescribed period.
(c) One of the main conclusions to be drawn from the table is that despite  
the programme's exponential growth curve and the fact that it has not  
been matched by any comparable increase in the administrative staff to  
manage it, all the funds have been committed within the period laid  
down and no aid has ever gone by default.

- 15 -
3·1.2. D isbursementa
During the year ending 31 December 1983 disbursements in respect of all  
programmes combined amounted to 128 767 000 ECU, a record sum. It was made  
up of 100 169 000 ECU paid out for projects programmed in previous years  
and 28 599 000 ECU for those included in the 1983· programme itself. This  
high figure by comparison with other years is attributable to the volume of  
disbursements for the current year's programme,  the bulk of which went on a  
single major project in India, consisting of the supply of fertilizers  
designed to generate counterpart funds which, over a longer period, will be  
used to carry out three different projects.
Another sizeable disbursement, this time relating to the 1981 programme and  
amounting to nearly 35 000 000 ECU, had originally been intended for  
December 1982, but in the event was made in the first quarter of 1983; it  
also concerned India and a similar project.
Disbursements in 1983 bring the total sum disbursed in connection with aid  
to non-associated developing countries since its reception to 359 300 000  
ECU. Overall, 36.3% of the cumulative amount of successive programmes has  
now been paid out, with the percentage varying from almost 100% in the case  
of the 1976 programme 1 to 5% for the 1982 programme. For 1983, where the  
entire appropriations for the year have been programmed, 85 500 000 ECU has  
already been committed and 28 600 000 ECU disbursed, giving a disbursement  
rate of 10.9%.
Full details of implementation in 1983 are given in the tables on pages 18  
and 19.
3.2. OTHER POINTS
3.2.1. Administrative framework agreements
Another significant development during recent years has been the signing of  
administrative framework agreements with certain major recipient count­
ries. Such agreements had already been concluded with Thailand and  
Indonesia and in 1983 similar agreements were concluded with the Philip­
pines and Bangladesh. The agreement with the latter was signed at the  
beginning of 1984.
1 See note on page 19.

- 16 -
These agreements are intended solely to facilitate project implementation  
and contain no financial commitment on the Community’s part» nor do they  
provide for the signatories to receive better treatment than other non-  
associated developing countries·
Instead these framework agreements are intended simply to establish, once 
and for all, with a particular recipient, the general provisions relating  
to project implementation. The matters dealt with are essentially legal or  
technical, covering such points as disbursement procedures, procurement  
eligibility, taxation and exchange control, inspection and audit, etc.
The introduction of these framework agreements has considerably simplified  
the process of concluding project financing agreements with the countries  
concerned. So far, only the four countries mentioned have requested such  
framework agreements, but there is no reason why the practice should not be  
extended to other major recipients where appropriate.
3.2.2. Project preparation and monitoring
Given the limited absorptive capacity of many developing countries, the  
specialized technical assistance element usually included in any particular  
project is frequently inadequate to ensure that the project is prepared and  
implemented under optimum conditions.
It is for this reason that it has been decided to use a small proportion of  
total programme resources to provide personnel, either for a specific  
scheme or at the centre, to assist in preparing, implementing and monitor­
ing projects, especially in countries where the economic, social or admi­
nistrative conditions are particularly difficult.
A sum of 3 970 000 ECU has been earmarked in the 1983 programme for this  
purpose:
- Part of this amount (2 050 000 ECU, i.e., 52%) is for the short-term use  
of experts or consulting firms to assist with project preparation or  
monitoring missions, or to carry out small studies or technical assist­
ance actions.
- The remaining amount (1 920 000 ECU, i.e., 48%) has been used to esta­
blish full-time development advisers in certain key recipient countries,  
to help monitor the implementation of current projects and to provide  
general assistance to the administration in the recipient country with  
project preparation and implementation.

- 17 -
There are now five such advisers attached to the Commission's regional  
delegations (one in Bangkok, to cover south-east Asia; one in Dhaka, cover­
ing Bangladesh, but attached to Delhi for administrative purposes; one  
recently posted to New Delhi, to cover India (November 1983) and two in  
Caracas, covering Central and South America)· In addition, the services of  
outside consultants have been used to set up a full-time technical advice  
service in Honduras and one divided between Costa Rica and Nicaragua.
More detailed information on the use of the special appropriation earmarked  
for management of the programme is set out in Annex II·

- 18 -
million ECU^
YEAR BUDGET PROGRAMME COMMITMENTS
(Appropriations entered in the programme (Appropriations committed during the year in question)
for the year in question)
t a b c d e f 9 h i j k
(b - c) (a - d) <dt-1-it-1 (et-i) (f-g-h) (i/a) <i+9t+1 +)
(ht+i  )  
< )
(  a )
Total of which: of which: not pro- Total of which: of which: of which: commitment commitment
for carried appropri- grammed commit- appropri- appropri- appropri- rate at rate at
programme over from ations for during the ments ations ations ations for 31 Decern- 31 Decern-
previous the year year, from pre- carried the ber of ber of
year^ in ques- therefore vious pro- over from current year in following
tion carried gramme^ previous year's question year
(excl.car- over to year programme %
ryover) following
year^
1976 20 20—20-20- -20 100
1977 45 45-45 -45 - -45 100
1978 70 63.100-63.100 6.900 63.100 - -63.100 90 100
1979 110 105.900 6.900 99.000 11.000 86.900 -6.900 80.000 73 100
1980 138.5 145.300 11.000 134.300 4.200 133.900 19.000 11.000 103.900 75 100
1981 150.0 138.260 4.200 134.060 15.940 154.530 30.400 4.200 119.930 80 100
1982 243.0 210.204 15.940 194.264 48.736 132.784 14.130 15.940 102.714 42 100
1983 212.2 260.225 48.736 211.489 0.711 225.790 91.550 48.736 85.504 40
988.7 862.004
1As the Commission has to report on a particular year's programme before the end of the period allowed for the commitment of the  
funds, this usually means that part of the budget has not been allocated at that time and must thus be carried over to the fol­
lowing year. The appropriations thus carried over are incorporated into the next year's programme.
2The Community's financial regulations allow appropriations for an annual budget to be committed during the year in question or in  
the following year. This was not the case in 1976 and 1977, when the appropriations had to be committed in the year in question  
(non-differentiated appropriations).
3See footnote on page 19.

- 19 -
million ECU
Appropriations  
entered in the  
programme 1976 1977Disbursements  
1978 1979effected
1980in:
1981 1982 1983Total 
at 31disbursements  
December 1983Disbursement
rate
%
1976 20*—6.1 3.3 4.3 1.3 1.9 1.4 2.0 20.3* (101.5)*
1977 45*-5.0 6.9 12.0 6.9 3.2 2.8 36.8* ( 81.8)*
1978 63.100 -9.0 7.8 11.1 6.4 4.4 38.7 61.3
1979 105.900 0.2 18.9 27.1 18.2 14.5 78.9 74.5
1980 145.300 1.2 40.6 29.1 15.6 86.5 59.5
1981 138.260 -7.0 52.1 59.1 42.7
1982 210.204 1.7 8.7 10.4 4.9
1983 261.425 28.6 28.6 10.9
989.189
-6.1 8.3 20.4 41.2 87.6 66.9 128.8 359.3
* In 1976 and 1977 a conventional parity between the US$ and the u.a. was used for the purpose of external commitments, but the  
ECU, which has been used since then, is based on European currencies.
Although these units have followed different trends, they have been taken as equivalent for the purposes of this table..
The sums allocated to the 1976 and 1977 programmes have not therefore been adjusted and are not directly comparable with the  
corresponding disbursements. The relationship between figures is not a precise one and is given as an indication only.

-  20 -
4. TOWARDS AN EVALUATION
By 31 December 1983, there were 77 financial and technical assistance operations  
in aid of the non-associated developing countries which, on the basis of a 90% or  
more disbursement rate, could be considered completed or virtually so.
A list of these operations, with a brief description (type of operation, sector,  
total cost and amount of the Community's commitment, bilateral or regional oper­
ation, autonomous or cofinanced, etc.) and some comments on the execution (rate of  
disbursement, any difficulties encountered, results achieved and extent to which  
the original objectives were attained) is annexed to this report. This inform­
ation provides the basis for a preliminary qualitative assessment of Community aid  
to non-associated developing countries, even though for a full analysis, specific  
post-evaluation studies will be needed.
The first point to emerge from the list of completed operations is that the bulk  
of them are not projects in the true sense of the word, but fall rather into one  
of the following categories: the funding of studies, budget support (particularly  
for research institutes), the financing of technical assistance, provision of  
supplies. If these are left aside, only 25 projects proper remain, of which 23  
lend themselves to evaluation, the other two being cofinanced projects where the  
Community contribution, in the form of supplies only, was disbursed before the  
whole project was completed. It is obvious , therefore, that in attempting any  
generalization in relation to this type of action, considerable caution has to be  
used.
Despite these reservations, a brief overview of completed projects does reveal  
some constant features.
4.1. The first observation is that, although not entirely immune to problems when  
getting off the ground (mostly administrative - see point 4.2. below), oper­
ations consisting of studies (19 completed), research (22 completed), tech­
nical assistance (6 completed) and supplies (4 completed, 8 if one counts co­
financed projects in which the Community input consisted of supplies) once  
begun are generally completed rapidly, usually in a single disbursement.
In comparison, development projects proper, especially rural development pro­
jects which call for structural changes, have a much longer execution time,  
with disbursements spread out over a period. The cost of managing such pro­
jects, in terms of both money and administrative resources, is therefore much  
higher, at the level of staff in Brussels and of technical assistance in the  
field.

-  21  -
It is not unusual for such projects to be spread out over a number of years 
and this should not be taken as a sign of inefficiency or lack of enthu­
siasm. On the contrary, it is only by tackling some projects at a cautious  
rate, integrated rural development for instance, that the conditions for dur­
able results can be achieved.
4.2. A second fact that soon becomes obvious is that the problems arising during  
the execution of a project are far more often administrative -  than technical.  
They may be far more serious than a temporary setback and they sometimes  
paralyse the operation for some time and lead to considerable delays in  
execution.
A whole number of circumstnces can aggravate administrative and procedural  
difficulties, usually resulting in a slowing down of the project.
The following are examples:
(a) the built-in complexity of the method of financing in the case of co­
financed projects and more generally of projects where several partners  
are involved. Here the disbursement rate is markedly lower than the  
average.
(b) A lack of experience of one or other of the partners. The early projects
in a particular country, or with a particular agent in that country, are  
generally troublesome, whereas once the procedure has become familiar,  
cooperation becomes easier. In this context, the value of administrative  
framework agreements, laying down once and for all the procedure to
be followed and establishing a frame of reference, cannot be over­
emphasized.
(c) The shortcomings in the administrative ability of some authorities on the  
spot making it consistently more difficult to manage projects in some  
countries — unfortunately all too often the poorest, with the weakest  
administration - than in others.
The following observations lead on from these findings. Firstly it is  
reasonable to hope that by working with a smaller number of agencies and by  
acquiring experience, it will gradually be possible to reduce the difficult­
ies. Some problems could be eliminated by cooperating only with the most  
efficient bodies, but such a policy might leave out of the picture those with  
a real potential for aiding the development process even though,here and now,  
they do not have the necessary ability.

-  22  -
Whole sectors or. In countries organized on federal lines, just the regions  
which are often the worst off and for this reason have the weakest adminis­
tration might find themselves cut off from development in this way.
4.3. The third, and not surprising, observation is that projects connected with  
extending or complementing other operations which have already proved them­
selves have a higher success rate than projects with and element of novelty  
(a new country, region, sector or approach, for example). In a really innov­
ative or experimental operation a degree of risk often goes hand-in-hand with  
the latent promise.
Any appreciation of the situation should not overlook the specific conditions  
under which the Coninunity's programme is managed, especially limited staff  
resources of the Commission, particularly where the presence of its repre­
sentatives in the field, even for short spells is concerned.
The Commission is naturally concerned that its programme should be as well  
suited as possible to local conditions and needs. To achieve this, it should  
continue to deploy less conventional means of action, notably those where its  
forms of aid can be particularly effective (grants, the possibility of cover­
ing local and recurrent costs, etc.). In the circumstances however, it is  
highly risky to try and effect savings on project preparation and technical  
assistance or on the input of knowhow in general. It is also vital for Com­
mission staff to keep as close a watch as possible on the way the operation  
is being executed in the field.
4.4. In this connection, it should be stressed that it is usually not the technic­
al aspects of projects that play the most crucial role. Where third world  
development projects are concerned there is rarely anything novel about the  
technical side; technical ability is not such a difficult commodity to come  
by and the real difficulties projects run into are seldom all of a material  
kind.
What is really crucial is to ensure that the development project fits into  
the prevailing atmosphere, be it physical, economic or human and here, know­
ledge of the country's social and economic background, ancfof the target area  
and population will all be of considerable importance. An understanding of  
this background when projects are being prepared and continual reference to  
it as the project is being executed must be maintained unremittingly, parti­
cularly on the part of those providing the technical assistance for the pro­
ject.

AMHEX 1
1983 PROGRAMME OF AID TO NON-ASSOCIATED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
LIST OF PROJECTS
(m ECU)
RECIPIENT AND TITLE SECTOR FINANCING TOTAL COST* SEC
CONTRIBUTION
I. ASIA
India
State rural development train­
ing centres (NA/83/16)Agricultural
servicesAutonomous 7.70 6.50
Modernization of tank irrig­
ation systems in Tamil Nadu  
(NA/83/18 )Agricultural Autonomous 41.30 25.00
Supply of fertilizer and coun­
terpart projects (NA/83/26)Autonomous (33.00) (33.00)
- Extension work in connec­
tion with correct farming  
practicesAgricultural  
services  
(training)Autonomous 6.00 6.00
- Reclamation of saline  
lands in MaharashtraAgricultural  
infrastruc­
ture {drain­
age)Autonomous 20.00 20.00
- Small-scale irrigation  
in Gujarat (Phase I)Agricultural  
infrastruc­
ture (irrig­
ation)Autonomous 7.00 7.00
Bangladesh
Improvement of grain stor­
age (NA/83/27)Agricultural  
infrastruc­
ture (stor­
age)Autonomous 7.00 7.00
Production of cereal seed  
(NA/83/81)Agricultural
productionParallel  
cofinancing D17.00 10.00
Sri Lanka
Mahaweli Ganga  
- System B  
(NA/83/28)Integrated  
rural deve­
lopmentParallel co­
financing  
Saudi Arabia73.00 20.00
Pakistan
Baluchistan water  
supply programme,  
Phase II (NA/83/12)Rural infra­
structure  
(water)Parallel co­
financing  
UNICEF13.20 7.80
* Estimates

-  2 -
(m ECU)
RECIPIENT AND TITLE SECTOR FINANCING TOTAL COST*EKG
CONTRIBUTION
Indonesia
Madura groundwater development  
(NA/83/14)Agricultural  
infrastruc­
ture (irrig­
ation)Parallel
cofinancing
UK19.30 13. 10
West Pasaman irrigation  
(NA/83/25)Agricultural  
infrastuc-  
ture (irrig­
ation)Autonomous 10.44 7.50C r o p  d e v e l o p m e n t  i n  S u m a t r aA g r i c u l t u r a lA u t o n o m o u s 0.60 0.60 ( s u p p l e m e n t  f o r  N A / 7 9 / 8 )p r o d u c t i o n
ASEAN
Timber research (NA/83/32) Agricultural  
research  
(wood pro­
cessing)Autonomous 12.90 7.50
Nepal
Supply of fertilizers and  
counterpart project  
(NA/83/V7)Agricultural
productionAutonomous (5.30) (5.30)
Second forestry project Agricultural
production
(forestry)Cofinancing  
IDA (IBRD) 32.20 5.30**
China
Rural technical assistance  
projectsAgricultural
services
(TA)Autonomous 6.00 6.00
Thailand
Agricultural cooperatives  
training (NA/83/11)Agricultural
services
(training)Autonomous 7.88 5.44
Cashew development (NA/83/15) Agricultural
productionAutonomous 1.92 1.30
Agricultural credit project  
(NA/83/22)Agricultural
services
(credit)Parallel co­
financing  
ADB125.00 20.00
Burma
Rural water supply and sa­
nitation (NA/83/20)Rural infra­
structure  
(water)Parallel co­
financing  
UNICEF11.50 2.50
* Estimates
** Total incurred under Article 930. Further financing of 2 400 000 ECU is planned under  
Article 958.

- 3 -
(m ECU)
RECIPIENT AND TITLESECTOR FINANCING TOTAL COST* EEC
CONTRIBUTION
Interim Mekong Committee
Technical assistance to Mekong  
secretariat (NA/83/5)Support for  
institutionsAutonomous 0.75 0.75
Yemen (A.R.)
Al Bayda integrated rural de­
velopment (NA/83/13)
MlhIntegrated  
rural deve­
lopmentParallel
cofinancing
NL11.00 2.74
182.030
II. LATIN AMERICA
Nicaragua
Integrated regional development  
in Waslala (NA/83/1)Integrated  
rural deve­
lopmentAutonomous 7.70 3.50
Rural technical assistance  
(supplement for NA/80/3)Support for  
institutionsParallel  
cofinancing F 0.32 0.16
Honduras
Project to consolidate agra­
rian reform in the southern  
region (NA/83/23)Integrated  
rural deve­
lopmentCofinancing B 11.00 9.00
Intergovernmental Committee  
ror Migration
Reintegration of qualified LA  
nationals in five CA count­
ries (NA/83/2)TA and sup­
port for  
institutionsAutonomous 1.40 1.40
Bolivia
Rural microprojects Integrated  
rural deve­
lopmentAutonomous 18.0016.00
Andean Pact
Regional project for industrial  
promotion of timber (NA/83/8)Industry Autonomous 12.61 6.00
* Estimates

- A -
(m ECU)
RECIPIENT AND TITLE SECTOR FINANCING TOTAL COST* EEC
CONTRIBUTION
Studies on nutriton and food  
technology (supplement for  
NA/79/27)Agricultural  
research {nu­
trition)Autonomous 0.06 0.06
Peru
Rural capital projects program­
me (NA/83/21)Integrated  
rural deve­
lopmentParallel co­
financing NL8.70 6.00
Majes pilot project (irrig­
ation) (NA/83/10)Agricultural  
infrastruc­
ture (irrig­
ation)Parallel co­
financing I17.00 5.60
SUBTOTAL LATIN AMERICA 47.72
III. AFRICA
Mozambique
Beira fish processing plant  
(NA/83/6)Food industry  
(fishing)Autonomous 1.075 1.075
Boasting agriculture in the  
Maputo area (NA/83/33)Integrated  
rural deve­
lopmentAutonomous 8.00 8.00
SUBTOTAL AFRICA 9.075
IV. DISASTER RESERVE
Ecuador
Rebuilding of bridges (NA/83/3) Reconstruction  
after floodsAutonomous 2.85 2.85
Dominican Republic  v e & s B i i c  a r  Haiti 
Installation or radar hur­
ricane warning systemPrevention of  
hurricane  
damageAutonomous 2.20 1.50
Yemen (A.R.)
Dhamar rehabilitation project  
(NA/83/19)Reconstruction  
after earth­
quakeJoint co­
financing  
NL4.90 2.55
* Estimates

- 5 -
(m ECU)
RECIPIENT AND TITLE SECTOR FINANCING TOTAL COST* EEC
CONTRIBUTION
Angola
Permanent resettlement of for­
mer refugees in Uige province  
(NA/83/24)Resettlement  
of refugees  
after civil  
warParallel co­
financing  
UNHCR2.60 2.00
Mozambique
Assistance with reconstruction  
work in the Moamba district  
(NA/83/30)Restoration of  
agricultural  
production  
after floodsAutonomous 4.40 2.50
BI8AOTB* s s s s a v s 11.40
V. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
CIAT, CIP, IRRI, ICRISAT and  
ISNAR (NA/83/36)Agricultural
reserachParallel
cofinancing
CGIAR60.00 6.00
g B B s m fc  m M m m M b  « is iA a e ii 6.00
VI. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND
MONITORING
Services of external experts TA Autonomous 4.00 4.00
SUBTOTAL SPECIAL EXPENDITURE 4.00 4.00
TOTAL COMMITTED 260.225
* Estimates

Annex II
SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT OF THE 1983 PROGRAMME
LIST OF OPERATIONS FOR WHICH COMMITMENTS WERE MADE
IN THE PERIOD 1 JANUARY 1983 TO 31 DECEMBER 1983
('000 ECU)
(a) Short-terni studies and technical assistance:
Récipient Title Cost
Mozambique Evaluation of the use made of the
ECP School in SADCC energy sector
projects 41
Andean Pact^ Preparation of regional project (wood) 18
Bolivia Identification of rural development
project 34
Yemen Assessment of effects of earthquake 14
Maldives^ Hydrological survey (water supply and
drainage at Male) 286
Honduras Study on the establishment of a grain
reserve (emergency food aid) 60
Philippines Study on the dairy sector 2
Haiti Integrated rural development study 12
Pakistan Irrigation study (Kachni Plan) 284
Honduras Identification of an agrarian reform
project 42
1Already mentioned in 1982 Report.

-  2 -
Recipient Title Cost
Nepal Preparation of a project to establish  
an administrative staff training col­
lege38
Bolivia Preparation of a set of microprojects 67
Nepal Project identification 3
Sri Lanka Evaluation of hydro-agricultural projects 12
North Yemen Evaluation of food aid facilities 34
Mozambique Study of problems at Beira fish processing  
plant42
India Study for five hydro-agricultural projects 18
Angola Evaluation of cashew nut plantation output 17
Angola Study on the rehabilitation of refugees 16
Bangladesh Study on the improvement of grain storage  
capacity219
Bolivia Reconnaissance mission for a reconstruction  
project23
India Evaluation of reafforestation projects 53
Thailand Market survey on cashew nuts 47
Indonesia Study in connection with the development of  
south Solok35
Colombia Identification of projects in the Pacific  
coastal area16
Bolivia Study on dairy sector 19
Honduras Study aimed at more effective use of food aid 29
India Identification of appropriate technology  
projects23
All Various short-term studies 1000
TOTAL (a) 2 5021
1Because figures have been rounded off, the total may not correspond to the sum 
of the individual project costs.

- 3 -
(b) Provision of full-time advisers:
Technical assistance contracts for monitoring current projects  
in Central America, etc. 687
Experts attached to the Commission's regional delegations (Vene­
zuela, India, Thailand and branch offices) 1 200
TOTAL (b) 1 887
GRAND TOTAL (a) + (b) 4 389

Annex III
FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL AID TO NON-ASSOCIATED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
List of projects completed as at 31 December 1983* Page
76/1 India Drought-prone areas project 1
76/2 Pakistan Khaipur tile drainage 1
76/3 Bangladesh Barrisal irrigation 1
76/5 Bolivia Agro-industrial projects (BISA) 1
76/6 Indonesia Soya pilot project, Sumatra 1
76/7 ICRISAT Research project 2
76/8 ADB Technical assistance programme 2
77/1 India Grain and fertilizer storage 2
77/2 India Village grain storage 2
77/5 Sri Lanka Mahaweli Ganga Development 3
77/6 Viet Nam Supply of land-clearing equipment 3
77/8 Thailand Pig-breeding pilot project 3
77/9 Yemen Taiz agricultural research centre 3
77/11 ICRISAT Research support 2
77/12 IRRI Research centre 2
77/14 ADB Technical assistance programme 2
77/16 Honduras Artisanal fisheries 3
77/19 Andean Pact Rural sector technical assistance 4
77/20 Andean Pact Food technology research 4
78/2 India Cyclone protection shelters 4
78/4 Pakistan Tarbela dam 4
78/7 -  Indonesia Baturraden dairy project study 4
78/8 Indonesia Bank of Indonesia's small credit programme 5
78/11 Thailand Seed centre study 5
78/12 Thailand Crop diversification study 5
78/17 ASEAN Timber study 5
78/18 IRRI Research support . 2
78/19 ICRISAT Research support 2
78/20 Haiti Integrated rural development at Jacmel 6
78/21 Haiti Rural water supply and sanitation 6
78/24 OLADE Geothermic study 6
78/26 CABIE Technical assistance programme 6
* Those projects for which 90% of the sum committed has been disbursed are consi­
dered completed.
Although this criterion has been adopted because it is an objective one, it may  
mask some very different situations. From the analysis which follows, for  
example, it will be seen that the objectives of some projects which are thereby  
included have not yet in fact been achieved. Others, which are virtually com­
plete, have been left out because of the length of time needed for disburse­
ments.

-  2 -
Page
78/27 \ndean Pact Wood technology research 4
78/28 Andean Pact Wood technology research 4
78/29 Andean Pact Wood technology research 4
78/31 Andean Pact Industrial standardization and  
quality control 4
78/32 CIP Research support 2
78/33 CIAT Research support 2
78/34 CATIE Pilot project for rural development 6
78/35 Mozambique Beira fish canning plant 7
78/36 Angola Mo9amedes fish processing plant study 7
79/1 Thailand Winged bean development 7
79/7 Indonesia Talungagung drainage and flood control 7
79/9 India Fertilizer supply 8
79/12 Thailand Preliminary crop development 5
79/15 Yemen Taiz agricultural research centre 3
79/16b Indonesia Irrigation studies 8
79/18 Mekong Committee Technical assistance to secretariat 8
79/19 IRRI Research support 2
79/20 ICRISAT Research support 2
79/22 Honduras Drinking water and rural sanitation 8
79/27 Andean Pact Food technology research 4
79/29 CIP Research support 2
79/30 CIAT Research support^ 2
79/31 CATIE Agricultural research 6
79/33 Angola Mo9amedes fish processing plant 7
79/39 Nicaragua Economic and social rehabilitation 8
80/2 Thailand Cooperative development 9
80/3 Nicaragua Rural sector technical assistance 9
80/4 Zimbabwe Reconstruction of infrastructure in  
peasant farming areas 9
80/5 India Fertilizer supply 8
80/9 Pakistan Baluchistan village water supply 9
80/17 IRRI Research support 8
80/18 ICRISAT Research support 2
80/21 Honduras Coffee development 10
80/24 Honduras Distribution centres(Banasupro) 10
80/32 CIP Research support 2
80/33 CIAT Research support 2
80/43 Zimbabwe Technical assistance programme 10
81/10 India Fertilizer supply 8
81/11 ADB Technical assistance programme 2
81/18 ICRISAT Research support 2
81/19 CIP Research support 2
81/20 CIAT Research support 2
82/2 Bangladesh Development of seed production 10
82/24 ICRISAT Research support 2
82/27 CIP Research support 2

1.
year and No o t 
operationRecipient end title  
of operationTypo of 
operation SectorType of 
financingTotal coat
(m ECU)EEC contribu­
tionDisbursement
rate
%
■ ECU
76/1 India Project Integrated Autonomous 12.00 6.00 50 99.9
Drought-prone areas rural deve­
project lopment
the purpose of this project was to bring assistance to isolated areas of the country suffering from chronic drought, through a pro­
gramme consisting of a range of small measures in connection with agriculture, livestock farming, soil conservation, etc., the  
design and development of which was directly geared to the local circumstances.
the project followed in the footsteps of an IDA-financed project on which the Community's project, broadly speaking was modelled,  
and with strong support from the local authorities.
The design of the project proved to be well adapted to needs and was therefore able to be executed smoothly with results that can,  
by and large, be considered successful.
76/2 Pakistan Project Drainage and Cofinancing 23.30 3.0013 94.7
Khaipur tile drainage irrigation IBRD
The project, aimed at reclaiming land for.cultivation in the Indus Basin (Sind. Province), through the use of new drainage proces­
ses, is designed as a pilot project on soil desalination. If successful, the government plans to extend the experiment to some 1.4  
million acres of land.
Complex coordination arrangements involving the World Bank, the Pakistan Government, the Netherlands and*the EEC, coupled with a  
wide variety of technical approaches and the use of technology that has been tried out only in industrialized countries all mean  
that it has not been possible to attain the optimum rate of implementation for this project.
76/3 Bangladesh Project Drainage and Cofinancing 34.30 2.50 7 100
Barrisal irrigation irrigation IBRD
Ih. projects concerns the irrigation of some 140 000 acre, .near the town of Barrieal, by mean* of a system of pumping water from a  
network of natural channels. It also contains an agricultural component, consisting in the provision of various services to far-  
sers. The project, cofinanced with the IBRD, la on a very large scale.
Technically speaking the project has fulfilled its objectives, but the use to which it was put was Initially disappointing.
This was due to a whole set of circumstances (system of land tenure, inadequate extension work with farmers, faulty credit facilit­
ies, etc.) on which the World Bank has since concentrated.
Note that Community aid was limited to its financial contribution, which represented only a minor part of this large project. _____
76
/5 Bolivia Line of ere- Agro-industry Autonomous 2.00 2.00 100 100
Agro-industrial pro- dit
jects (BISA)
The contribution was to enable the Central -Bank of Bolivia to open a' credit, line in favour of the BISA (Banco Industrial SA) for  
subsequent onlending for several food industry projects. Once the loans are repaid a revolving fund will be constituted for  
financing similar activities. •  /
The Coamission has a right to oversee the use to-which the revolving'fund is put, but as yet no payments have been made. The start  
of this first Community project in Latin America was retarded owing to a renegotiation of the terms of the loan in order to  
increase its social element (a lowering of the Central Bank's commission and the final borrower's Interest rate).
The project has provided impetus for some agro-industrial activities, although the general political’  and economic climate has not  
been conducive to achieving the objectives set.
76/6•  r
Indonesia Project Agricultural Autonomous 1.40 1.00 71 99.4
Soya pilot project. production
Sumatra
This project, which was supported on the basis of an existing study and then financed autonomously by the EEC, ran into great dif­
ficulty until It was substantially revamped and accorded fresh financing (Project NA/79/8), which finally enabled it to get off th<  
ground in 1979. In the second phase, the procedural difficulties encountered previously were overcome (project 76/6 was
tile first to be undertaken in Indonesia) and the project was better adapted to the local economic, agricultural and social circum­
stances.
The second project is still In progress and the Indonesian Government has already expressed an interest in launching similar pro­
jects in other areas.

2
fear erd No of Recipient title Type of Type of Total coat EEC contribu- Disbursement
oper n r ion of ope. tier operation Sector financing (m ECU) tlon rate
m ECU %
76/7 ICRISAT Support for Cofinane(IBRD) 4.80 2.00 100
77/11 Research su »>rt applied re- Cofinane(CGIAR) 7.60 1.00 100
78/19 sesrch hud- Agriculture CofinanclCGIAR) 7.20 0.00 96
79/20 get (region- Cofinance CGIAR) 6.20 0.80 100
80/18 al) Cofinane(qpiAR) 9.70 0.95 100
81/18Cofinane(CGIAR) 15.80 1.20 100
82/24 Cof inane (  CGIAR ) 1.70 1.30 100
63.00 8.05 13
77/12 I R A I Support for CofinanclCGIAR) 12.30 1.00 100
78/18 Research support applied re- Cofinane(CGIAR) 11.20 0.80 100
79/19 search bud- Cofinanc( CGIAR) 11.60 1.00 100
80/17 get (region- Cofinane(CGIAR) 14.50 1 .20 100
al) 49.60 4.00 8
78/32 CIP Support for Cofinane(CGIAR) 5.60 0.40 100
79/29 Research appliad re- Cofinane(CGIAR) 6.20 0.50 100
80/32 search bud- Cofinane(CGIAR ) 6.50 0.60 100
81/19 get (region- CofinanclCGIAR) 9.60 0.80 100
82/27 al) Cofinane(CGIAR) 1.75 0.90 100
29.65 3.20 11
78/33 CIAT Support for Cofinance CGIAR) 10.00 0.80 100
79/30 Research support applied re- CofinanclCGIAR) 11.00 1.00 100
80/33 seerch bud- CofinanclCGIAR) 12.90 1.15 100
81/20 get (region- Cofinane(CGIAR) 20.20 1 .40 100
al) 54. 10 4.35 8
Having been gradually extended to four specialized international agricultural research institutes (ICRISAT: arid zones, IRRI:  rice,  
CXPt potatoes, CIAT: tropical agriculture) which form a coordinated network under the aegis of the consultative body CGIAR, the  
Coed unity contribution to the annual research budgets of these institutions is paralleled either by aid from other non-European  
industrialized countries or by bilateral EEC aid. Although the Community's contribution is less than 10% of these budgets it  
represents essential support for the institutions. The combined contribution of the Community and its Member States amounts to  
about 30% of the cost of financing their activities.
76/8 ADB Pra-inyest^eijt Rural deve- Autonomous 1.50 .  1.50 ( 100 100
77/14 Technical assistance studies ( re- lopment 0.40 0.40 100 100
81/11 programme gional) 1 .00 1.00 100 100
2.90 2.90 100 100
Ever since the EEC started to collaborate with the ADB on cofinancing operations, it has at the same time been helping the Bank to  
finance the preparation of dossiers for rural projects.
It has in this way financed several studies on behalf of its aid recipients over the years, so that the latter could identify and  
present viable projects. The money thus granted by the Community has provided support at the most risky stage of the projects,  
when tiey would probably not have been eligible for financing by the ADB itself, which provides only loans.
The most recent programme was financed in 1961, at which time this form of collaboration was temporarily suspended because of the  
incompatibility of the two partners' rules on eligibility. The Community cannot agree to exclude firms in certain Member States  
which are not members of the Bank, while the Bank has serious difficulty in changing its rule whereby only firms from its member  
countries are eligible.
77/1 India Project Infrastructure Autonomous 13.00 6.40 49 100
Grain and fertilizer (storage)
storage
The purpose of the project was to assist an inter-state corporation responsible for storage facilities throughout the country, but  
particularly the silos situated near the towns. Under the project, a number of warehouses were built and equipped, and the asso­
ciated infrastructure was financed.
In terms of its design and T.h® technology employed, the project measured up well to the goals set for it and fitted into the local  
environment. Although it v a completed without difficulties, it should be noted that Conaunity aid did not play a decisive role in  
the carrying-out of the prc'ect.
an India
Village qv «in storageProject Infrastructure Autonomous  
(storage)5.60 5.60 100 99.9
The purpose of this prcjer- was to assist farmers in grain storage techniques, through various measures (distribution of pestici­
des, revision of rnetai c j: '.rs, sat-. iaion work in connection with correct methods, purchase of demonstration equipment, etc.)
earr d out at differert »•'< •  (individual and village, country training centres, qovernnent, etc.).
It •  part oi a national og.. ,gm to reduce pc-at-hnrvest losses and helped to step up that programme. By introducing the tech-
niu on a vide scale, U s a aubt antial ris# in the amount of food available even though production did not increase.

3.
y^ar and No of  
operationRecipient end title  
of operationType of 
operation SectorType of 
financingTotal cost
(a ECU)EEC contribu­
tionDisbursement
rate
%
a ECU %
77/5 Sri Lank. Project Integrated Cofinancing 89.70 2.00 2 180
Mahaweli Ganga develop- rural deve- (IBRD)
Dent lopment
Xn integrated rural development project in an arid region of Sri Lanka, consisting of land clearance followed by rehabilitation  
' and development of a system of irrigation and drainage, A number of operations connected with infrastructure and the provision of  
agricultural and social amenities, including the settlement of peasant farmers, were also included. The Community put up a small  
amount of money for the project as part of an overall arrangement with several other aid donors, under the-leadership of the World  
Bank (IDA), to whom it delegated entire responsibility for project implementation, agreeing to the latter's tendering procedures  
and confining itself to disbursing funds when requested. The Community's contribution amounted eo no more than 2% of the total,  
spread over a number of the project's components, which makes it virtually impossible to judge its impact.
77/6 Viet Nam
Supply of land-clearing  
equipmentSupply Agricultural
equipmentAutonomous 6.90 2.40 35 100
Supply of equipment (bulldozers) in order  
south of the country.to prepare land for new agricultural projects In the " Song Ray new economic zone9 in the
77/8------ ------------------------r~
Thailand
Pig-br
eeding pilot pro­
jectProject Livestock
farmingAutonomous 0.11 0.10 90.9 96.5
The project, which formed part of a cooperatives scheme still in its Infancy, was designed to increase the profitability of pig  
farming, the country’s main form of livestock farming, through the introduction of new European breeds on a pilot farm. The pro­
ject, of an experimental nature, was cut short, the Thais having abandoned it because of an outbreak of disease among the animals.
77/9 Yemen
Taiz agricultural  
research centreTechnical
assistanceAgricultural
researchCofinancing
(IBRD)10.70 1.30 12 100
79/15 Taiz agricultural  
research centreTechnical
assistanceAgricultural
researchCofinancing
(IBRD)13.20 1.10 8 100
These two projects consisted of financing technical assistance for Yemen's Ministry of Agriculture and contributing to an applied  
research centre (CABS) run by the latter at Taiz in the south of the country. The project aimed at supporting the efforts of a  
country which depends to a large extent on agriculture but is beset by an acute shortage of cultivable land and water resources  
together with mass migration from the countryside. For these reasons it was vital to improve the efficiency of the departments  
responsible for planning and carrying out agricultural projects and to encourage the optimum use of local agricultural resources.  
One way in which research was applied to tackle the problem was through the breeding of improved varieties of the main food crops  
able to adapt to local conditions.
It should be noted that this research was later applied in Project NA/81/24, which followed on In the same area, but at producer  
level, and consisted of the construction pf several centres for the propagation of selected seeds. *
77/16 Honduras Project Fisheries Cofinancing 3.00 1.00 33 100
Artisanal fishing (IDB)
The project consisted of providing 12 coastal fishing vessels for artisanal fishermen and of building certain port and marketing  
installations. The project, which was cofinanced with the IDB, was difficult to launch because of differences in the two donors'  
procedures which were not easily reconciled. The IDB'a financing was then exhausted before the installations had become sufficient­
ly profitable and the Community therefore decided to allocate counterpart funds from EEC food aid to the project to ensure its suc­
cess.

Year and No of  
operationRecipient and title 
of operationType of 
operation SectorType of 
financingTotal cost  
(m ECU)EEC contribu­
tionDisbursement
rate
a ECU %
P&CZ Pre- in vos txoen tT >  »T.kiftOÎBO'5.8 1.20 1.00 83 loo
77/20
79/27Food technology research 
Food technology  
researchAutonomouse Qfy 
0.607,60
0.3052
SOieo
100
78/27 (1) Autonomous 3.80 1.60 42 100
78/28
78/29*(2)  Wood technology  research
(3)Autonomous
Autonomous0 .1 0 0.10  
suppl. 0. 14
0.40 0.401QO
100100
100
78/31 Industrial standard­
ization and quality  
controlAutonomous 0 .2 0
12.400.20
6.6010O
53100
77/19»
77/20 1 
79/27 J
78/27
78/28
78/29Surveys with a regional bearing in several specific fields (improved seeds, cold storage, plant quarantine).
A second programme was approved in 1902 to take over from this project.
These two complementary programmes of applied research in food technology were designed, through the use of appro­
priate technology and locally available foodstuffs to develop nutritious and cheap compound foodstuffs for low-  
income groups·
Three applied research projects in tropical wood technology aimed at extending the use of wood in building, carry­
ing out studies on by-products of wood and setting up pilot projects for low-cost housing schemes. In 1983 the  
project was followed up by another, to promote the results of the research on an industrial scale.
78/31» A small project Involving European technical assistance (transfer of technology), aimed at laying down industrial
standards and quality control methods for specific branches of industry.
The Community's financial and technical support for theso projects has had a double Impact. First, It has contributed to  
studies on - and indeed the solution o f  - .certain specific technical problems. Second, by stepping up the resources at the  
Andean Pact's disposal, it has supported the latter's attempts at Integration and added to the Junta's credibility. Overall,  
these operations have achieved their objectives.
78/2 India Project Rural Autonomous 2 .00 2.00 100 100
- infrastructure
Cyclone protection
shelters
This project consisted of building cyclone protection shelters, using a vary simple yet effective technology, in a number of vil­
lages hitherto without any concrete buildings, situated in cyclone-prone areas (Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh States).
The shelters were designed to guard against losses of life and livestock during cyclones. It should be noted that the completed  
shelters have not yet had to he used for this purpose, but the village communities can meanwhile put them, as planned, to ocher  
uses, e.g. for village meetings and training activities.
Several other coastal states have expressed a wish to be provided with similar shelters.
- —  ----— —--------- — ^--------------------- --------- -— — — i  : ----- --------------- ----------- : — “-------- -—
78
/4 Pakistan Project Irrigation Cofinancing 120.00 4.00 4 100
and drainage (IBRD)
Tarbela d&m
The Coemunity'a financial contribution to this major development scheme« still needing several years before completion, was put  
towards certain emergency work which had to be carried out following unexpected erosion. The Community’s contribution has now been  
spsnt, but the project is continuing (especially the part relating to the production of hydroelectric power) and because of its  
vast site and the long period required for completion, further one-off contributions will still ba required regularly in order to  
consolidate it. This enormous dam is vitally important.for Pakistan, because of the volume of water it suplies for irrigation  
purposes and the considerable amount of power generated.
~ ~  : — - ; 1  ^  ? “  :  !  :  :  '
78/7 Indonesia Studies « Agriculture Autonomous 0.15 0.15 100 98
technical
baturraden dairy assistance
project study
Foueibility study aimed at consolidating a n existing national dairy centre, combined with a pilot project to sat up milk production 
am? marketing cooperatives·
This study paved the way for * project cofinanced with Italy (KA/80/12) which ia in progress at the moment.

5.
year and No of  
operationRecipient and title  
of operationType of 
operation SactorType of 
financingTotal cost  
(m ECU)EEC contribu-  
tionDisbursement
rate
%
• m ECU %
78/8 Indonesia
Bank of Indonesia smallTechnical
assistane»Rural ssrvlcss Autonomous 2.35 2.35 100 98
credit programme
A technical assistance project aimed at providing management staff of commercial banks with training in order to improve the run­
ning of an existing programne for loans in the rural sector. This is a national programme whereby the Central Bank of Indonesia  
onlends small sums to private customers via the commercial banks (average loans not exceeding a few thousand dollars). However, in  
order to make the programme more effective, the commercial banks needed to improve their management capacity and gear it specific-  
ally to development objectives· ,
This programme, which for a modest outlay is enabling new job· to be created, has received wide external support. The Community's  
financing has covered three rural provinces."The success of the scheme was such that the Community, like other donors, has decided  
to extend its support during a further phase (NA/82/19).
78/11 Thailand Studiss - Agriculture Autonomous 0.10 0.10 100 100
Seed centra study Technical
assistance
Study for the establishment of a propagation centre for improved rice and other cereal seeds, which had hitherto been unavailable  
in Thailand. '
The study, paved the way for a project (NA/81/4), currently under way.
78/12 Thailand Studies - Agriculture Autonomous 0.20 0.20 100 100---;
Crop diversification Technical
study assiatance
79/12 Preliminary crop Project Agriculture Autonomous 2.60 2.60 100 100
development
This project is part of the EEC-Thailand Agreement on manioc. An applied research project, its purpose is to develop crop-growing  
systems likely to encourage greater product diversification. The project has been focused on the north-east, the poorest part of  
the country. It has encountered problems because of the difficulty in identifying an alternative product which is as profitable as  
manioc. Ths latter fetches high prices on ths world market and can be grown easily and profitably in a region which is otherwise  
deprived·
The Community's first contribution, topped up with further financing amounting to an additional 20%, has now been exhausted. A  
second phase is under consideration at present) it provides for a continuation of the research, taking into account the problems
•n count«red.
78/17 ASEAN Study Wood Industry Autonomous 0.30 0.30 100 94
Timber study ,
J ƒ
-----------------
It proved extremely difficult to get this project - the first providing financial aid for ASEAN off the ground, largely owing to  
administrative and procedural difficulties.
Finally started towards the end of 1981, the study resulted in an interesting report in the summer of 1903 which has formed the  
basis for a regional project currently being examined with a view to its inclusion in the 1984 programme. It concerns the  
establishment of an Asean centre for wood technology, which would coordinate, finance and carry out research and training  
Activities in order to encourage the use of species that are not coomohly employed at present.

A,"E»' 1  . .I.u M  II- i r rr. --------------------- w
s 'v 1  •
6.
Year and No of 
operationRecipient and title 
of operationType of 
operation SectorType of 
financingTotal coat
(m ECU)EEC contribu­
tionDisbursement
rate
m ECU %
78/20 Haiti
Integrated rural 
development at JacmelProject Integrated
rural
developmentCoflnaneisg
r1.20 0.80 66 too
Qnd*r this intagratud rural davalopmant project conducted in the southern peninsula of Haiti, financing was provided for 
infrastructure (tracks, storage facilities, etc.) and a range of productive operations (agricultural activities, a mini power 
station, coastal fisheries, craft industry, etc.). The project wae cofinanced with France, which had complete responsibility for 
the implementation, but it ran into difficulties at the outset mainly owing to uncertainty about the division of responsibilities. 
Further serious setbacks arising from the specific constraints imposed by the very uncertain social and economic situation in this 
country occurred at a later stage.
However, these problems wore gradually overcome and the second phase of the project (NA/80/19) got off on a much surer footing. 
Jacmel II is now being actively pursued and current operations are proceeding satisfactorily.
78/21 Haiti
Rural water supply 
and sanitationProject Hater supply Cofinancing
- rural (ids)
sanitation3.20 1.60 50 91
This project entailed the construction of drinking water supply systems for domestic and village use, to bring water to a hundred 
or so snail communities numbering between 200 and 3 000 people. It was carried out under the responsibility of the IDB, in which 
full administrative authority was vested, the Community's participation being confined to the purchase of the supplies.
Considerable delays have been experienced with this project, the first disbursements not commencing until 1982. These were almost 
entirely due to differences between the IDB and the Haitian government over administration and procedures (the majority of the 
studies were already completed before the IDB-Haiti loan was finally concluded)) the main problem area was the tendering procedure.
It is estimated that at the present moment the project is about 50% complete.
78/24 OLADE Study Energy Autonomous
Geothermic study (regional)0.80 0.60 75 98
Support for studies in the geothermal energy field, the first phase of which consisted of a reconnaissance study designed to cover 
the whole continent, but for which several countries were selected. The project is part of a wider one to which the Cotmunlty also 
contributed a few years later, at more advanced phases (pre-investment), especially in Colombia and Haiti (still in progress).
--------- — 5J----7 T ““r r-■
— 1.— T •  '  ”
78/26 CAB IE Studies Agricultural Autonomous 0.43 0.43 100 100
Technical assistance^ (regional) science
programme
The CAE IE, a bank established by the Central American Common Market at the beginning of the sixties, is chiefly concerned with 
financing' regional capital projects. The Community has been unable to participate directly in these since the bank's strict rules 
only allow financing in the form of loans. It ha 3 been possible, through the financing of studies, for the Community to assist the 
CAB IK in its operations none the leas, enabling it to make a. contribution to an institution which, deepiee its key role in the 
Central American integration process, has seen its impact reduced by the complicate,! political situation in the i3thmus.
76/34
72/31CAT IS
Pilot project for 
developmentApplied rci- 
rural search (re­
gional)
Agricultural research Applied ra~  
search (re­
gional)Agricultural
science
Agricultural
scienceAutonomous
Autonomous0# 57
2.000.57
1,101 0 0
55100
92
Applied reyc-'ii.eh projects at CATIE, 'the Central American agricultural research and training organisation. The project ie one of 
thess ia a CAT IS programme of farm system rasearch aimed at developing production on siren IX farms and carried out in a series of 
trial farms run by CAT IE in El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panassa*
Prefect He 70/j'-- W48 to fMiancvi part of fcha programme in four countries (Costa Rlc*., Honduras, fticaraqua and El Salvador), paying 
for ;?- v *  cp-'-X ruling ooata of «raff4  equipment and transport. Project Ho 79/31*13 an extension of the first project in which technic­
al latanc a a 'c til#? central 1-aval is also included.
V t bYioM  r.otsd th&* in % l Salvador .1 % prov«4 noossaary %q halt % h 9 last* of th« project for security r««»on«.

7.
y«*r and No of  
operationRacipiant and tltla  
of operationType of 
operation SectorType of 
financingTotal cost
<m ECU)EEC contribu­
tionDisbursement
rata
\
m ECU %
78/35 Mozambique Project Fisheries Cofinancing 3.20 3.00 94 100
Beira fish canning plant I 0 e60 (1982 supplem.) 89
• 3.60
The objective of the project was the reconstruction of a fish canning plant near the port of Beira. There have been a series r-f  
,holdups over the Implementation of this project (the plant will not run at full capacity until the spring of 1985, whereas it w’  
due to become operational before the end of 1981), coupled with substantial cost overruns (the original estimate was 4 million j,
but the coat now seems likely to exceed 10 million ECU). The project cannot properly be described as complete since the  
supplementary commitment approved in 1982 has not yet been entirely disbursed. The project relied too heavily on an existing  
technical dossier which proved inadequate, particularly in its technical assumptions, and this has led both to the delays in the  
project and the need to make adjustments.
It should be noted that this is the first Community operation in this country.
78/36 Angola
Mopamedes fish proces­
sing plant studyStudy Fisheries Autonomous 0.50 0.50 100 100
79/33 Mofamedes fish proces­
sing plantProject Fisheries Autonomous 0.90 0.90 100 100
The first of these projects, consisting of technical assistance combined with a minor training programme and the delivery of sup­
plies, was aimed at relaunching fisheries activities - a sector vital to the country, which had beep completely destroyed - in the  
province of Mofamedes.
The first consultancy phase paved the way for financing the complete restructuring of the fish factory complex (SOMAR), consisting  
of freexing and processing machinery and cold storage facilities. The Community's contribution paid for the necessary machinery  
and equipment and for specialist technical assistance. Although the installations provided were operating satisfactorily, they  
were not U3ed to full capacity, since the country's small fishing fleet could not keep them fully supplied. Project NA/82/21,  
consisting of repairs to a dockyard and the supply of equipment and technical assistance to SOMAR, was designed to cope with this.  
Project NA/82/28 is to provide technical assistance for SOMAR's management so that advantage can be taken of the new opportunities  
offered.
It should be noted that these two projects - NA/82/28 and NA/82/21 - which have contributed to the rehabilitation of fisheries  
complexes, owe their existence to the original experiment.
79/1 Thailand Research Agricultural Autonomous 0.60 0.60 100 94
Winged bean development science
Applied research aimed ati
(i) investigating the possibility, from the agricultural angle, of introducing into the dry area of north-east Thailand a variety  
of bean traditionally used as a vegetable, as an alternative cash crop to manioc)
(ii) ascertaining, through a technical study on the possible uses of the bean, its economic advantages as a source of edible oil  
and cattle cake.
While constituting a useful contribution to future research by Thai institutes (for instance in connection with support for Project  
No NA/82/3 on oil-bearing crops) the study unfortunately led to the conclusion that, under present market conditions, winged beans  
do not offer sufficiently attractive prospects.
79/7 Indonesia Project
Talungagung dralnaqe  
and flood controlDrainage and Cofinancing 47.70 6.50 14 99
irrigation (ADB)
The Community's contribution covered the cost of building a drainage canal, one element in a much larcjar project financed by ■  .  i  
Asian Bank. The part of the project financed by the Cosmunlty has bean completed, but the project i.r ftc cm fir1  rot f;.- red
yet.

8.
Year and No of  
operationRecipient end title
of operationType of 
operation SectorType of 
financingTotal cost
<m ECU)EEC contribu­
tionDisbursement
rate
m ECU %
79/9 India
Fertiliser supplySupplies Aqricultural
inputsAutonomous 25.00 25.00 100 100
80/5 Fertilizer supply Supplies Aqricultural
input.Autonomous 28.00 28.00 100 100
81/10 Fertilizer supply Supplies Aqricultural
input·Autonomous 36.00 36.00 100 100
Although India's own fertilizer production capacity is considerable, it cannot cope with the high and constantly growing demand·  
Part of the problem is the fact that existing capacity is not being fully used; furthermore, because of distribution difficulties,  
very large reserves are needed, which in turn means that fertilizers must be obtained from abroad·
The fertilizer deliveries under these three projects were used to generate counterpart funds by means of which development projects  
could be financed. At this stage, the latter cannot be evaluated, since they are Incomplete; indeed some of them have only just  
been started· ,
By allowing disbursements to be made more rapidly than the rate of project execution, the Community's operations, as well as meet­
ing India's fertilizer needs, have provided a financing mechanism which goes some way towards easing the constraints of the count­
ry's external payments situation.
79/16b Indonesia Studies - Drainage and Autonomous 0.80 0.80 100 100
Irrigation studies technical irriqation
assistance
Thi» atudy, carried out in collaboration with the ADB, consisted of drawing up the plans for two major irrigation systems, a parti­
cularly costly element in the preparation of projects. Its objective was to help the country in the preparation of "bankable’ pro-  
jects which could then be presented to the ADB.
79/18 Mekong Committee
Technical assistance  
to secretariatTechnical Project prep- Autonomous
assistance aration and
(regional) management0.40 0.40 100 100
Technical assistance (financing of two experts) for the purpose of assisting the Mekong Committee in preparing, carrying out and  
supervising development projects, particularly in the irrigation sector. A second Community contribution has been approved, with  
similar objectives.
79/22 Honduras1  ■ 1  — ■ ^ »
Project1
Rural Autonomous 6.00 3.20 S3 99-5
Drinking water and water engl-
rural sanitation neering
The aim was to supply a number of small communities (with populations ranging from 50 to 2000) in Olancho province with basic aanl-  
tary installations and drinking water point*;. Depending on the size of the community, wells or a system of water supply pipes were  
provided; latrines, toilets »n1 septic tank?, were constructed in the villages, particularly in schools.
The project ran into difficulties at thi '■·-■■ .s e t because the drilling equipment supplied was too sophisticated, but by calling on  
suitable technical ensistfir.c-:i these problems were overcome. The overall result was very satisfactory; the project by and large met  
its objectives and the hopes of the people concerned·
Mote that a detailed ■'  ^luaticn of the project is planned·
79/39 Nicaragua
Economic and social 
rehii··. litst.ionProject Rural
productionAutonomous 2.50 2.50 100 100
In tne Aftermath of ci*fll -er, thir -  project's objective was to rehabilitate the harvesting, storage and distribution system for
basic grains, in oth«i. j?  ,  he »-sic foodstuff of the population. The operation consisted of rebuilding or repairing regional
or 'ocal storage centres and •  .nnbilit/ting the fleet of trucks used for transporting grain and the workshops for servicing them.  
Carried out in a short p* *  \o,I • •  Ime mder entirely satisfactory conditions, the project made it possible, in the space of a
few months, to reopen marketing channels in a fundamental sector of local production and consumption.

I  ~ 9.
year and No of  
operationRecipient and title  
of operationType of 
operation SectorType of 
financingTotal cost  
(m ECU)EEC contribu­
tionDisbursement
rate
a ECU %
80/2 Thailand
Cooperative developmentProject Support for  
rural insti­
tutionsAutonomous 2.50 2.50 100 97.2
Th« project consisted of establishing one national and four regional centres .for training agricultural cooperative personnel ’
.1^0 included a small pilot project providing agricultural equipment for some of the cooperatives. The centres were equipped,  
^training programme was developed and managers for 40» of the country's cooperatives were trained under the project, which was „ .,  
of a national programme arising from the recognition that Independent cooperative structures were needed. The rest of the pro-.  
m. was funded by other donors. The project provided support for institutions and the first phase concentrated on the development  
of technical skills.
A second phase has been planned and financed by the Community (Project No NA/83/11). it will consolidate the cooperative move­
ment's institutional structure with the ultimate objective of ensuring that it can operate independently and is capable of gsnarat-  
ing its own finances*
'i.
80/3 Nicaragua Technical Central Cofinancing
Rural sector technical assistance administration F
assistance3.40 2.80 82
+0.32 +0.16
3.72 2.9693
This project was designed to strengthen two key Nicaraguan ministries in the post-Somoza period - the Ministries of Planning and of  
Agriculture. A team of 10 experts was made available to these ministries, eight financed by the Community and two by France.
The operation at the Ministry of Planning was only a qualified success, owing to under-utilization of the experts.
However at the Ministry of Agriculture, the result was on the whole satisfactory and sufficient to warrant the two donors agreeing  
to a partial extension of the operation for an extra year.
80/4 Zimbabwe Supplies for Agricultural Cofinancing 40.40oo• 10 99
.7
Reconstruction of project equipment D , NL, UK
infrastructure in
peasant farming areas
Reconstruction project following the struggle for independence. It consisted of the most urgent work in connection with rehabi­
litating essential rural infrastructure (re-opening of roads and tracks, repairs to agricultural infrastructure), the Community s  
contribution being confined to the former Tribal Trust Lands, to which the project accorded priority.
All the Community funds were used for the purchase of equipment (road-building equipment, animal-dipping tanks), but not for works  
or related technical assistance.
The equipment provided was deemed entirely satisfactory.
80/9 Pakistan ' Supplies for Water supply Cofinancing 25 416 90
Baluchistan village project and rural UNICEF
-water supplies sanitation
-
This project is part of a comprehensive programmethe Baluchistan Integrated Area Developmentwhich was designed in conjunction
with UNICEF. The 25 million ECU referred to abovecovers a first pilot phase of the operationconcentrated in four districts for
the purpose of defining the approachon both the technicaland human level. It was a typical watersupply project with a sanita-
tion and family education aspect* TheEEC*s contribution was used to purchasethe necessary supplies(materials and equipment ),
the project being administered by UNICEF*
The pilot achem. turned out to be well-founded snd prepared the way for Project No NA/83/12, which constitutes the second phase on  
the community., aid. on. in which it will play a wider role since it will assume entire responsibility for all aspects of the new
project in two districts*

10.
Year and No of  
operationRecipient and titls  
of operationType of 
operation Sector. u 
Typ* of
financingTotal coat  
(m ECU)EEC contribu­
tionDisbursement
rats
m ECU %
83/21 Honduras Projact Rural Autonomous 3.00 2.10 70
Coffee development infrastructure
Undar this project, 250 km of access tracks were built and a furthar 200 km vara rehabilitated, in coffee-growing araas. Thesa  
tracks aade tha areas accessible, making it easier to move products In and out and thus ancouraqing diversification in what had  
been a single-crop zone, at the same time as improving coffea marketing. A parallel operation to improve the production of coffee  
was carried out, consisting of tha opening of a training centra promoting tha control of coffee-crop diseases.
Tha project was implemented very smoothly, from the angle of the time schedule and achievement of objectives. An evaluation exer­
cise planned for 1984 will no doubt verify this and possibly lead to tha preparation of a second phase of tha project.
80/24 Honduras Project Marketing Autonomous 2.10 1.00 48 91
Distribution Centre
i
Banasupro is an institution set up in the Honduran public sector for the purpose of supplying consumers with basic products at  
reasonable prices through the introduction of a distribution network. At tha present stage, it is capable of reaching 50% of the  
population. The purpose of the EEC project was to strengthen Banasupro'a distribution circuit in rural areas by opening 75 new  
sales points.
Honduras's financial problems have affected the institution, however, and the government was unable to pay the subsidies due.  
Thesa difficulties coupled with the effects of inflation hampered tha implementation of the project with tha result that by 1983  
only 31 of the centres had been set up and equipped.
Faced with these problems, the Commission, with the agreement of the authorities, decided to send a team of experts in auditing and  
organisation to propose measures for setting the institution back on its feeti a substantial amount of the counterpart funds gener­
ated by the Community’s food aid are channelled into Banasupro#
80/43 Zimbabwe Technical preparation of Autonomous 0.50 0.50 100 99.8
Technical assistance assistance rural develop-
programme ment projects
The project's objective was to provide the Government with technical assistance for preparing rural development projects# To this  
and, a team of three qualified experts was attached to ARDA (Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rural Development) for two years.  
A final evaluation of their contribution is expected* it should be noted that the Government has requested that the contract of  
one of the experts should be extended for two years for the purpose of monitoring the execution of EDF-financed projects for the  
speedy reinstallation of peasant farmers and preparing further projects*
82/2 ' Bangladesh Supplies for Agricultural Cofinancing 8.80 3.60 41 99
Development of seed project inputs D
production
By increasing local seed production and by providing and supplementing vital imports, the project is aimed at meeting the needs of  
farmers#
The Coomunity's attention was drawn to this project by the German bilateral cooperation authorities and it managed, within a very  
short period, to provide tha rest of the financing necassary in order to get tha project off the ground. Its contribution was used  
to deliver cereal seed supplies provided by India*
The signing of contracts by Bangladesh presented some problems of procedure and delivery, but these were overcome*