ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES
DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEE DES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (75)394
Vol.1975/0154

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(75)394 final
Brussels ,22July 1975
Proposal for a
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
relating tothequality ofwater
forhuman consumption
(submitted totheCouncil bytheCommission )
COM(75 )394final

-1- Doc .No.3861 /2/7Ue
I EXPLANATORY KEMORAJifDUM
Thesetting ofstandards forthequality ofwater intended for
human consumption isanintegral part oftheaims ,principles andac­
tivities laid down intheProgramme ofAction ontheEnvironment adopted
bytheCouncil ofMinisters on22November 1973 .*
While thesetting ofstandards forwater intended forhuman con­
sumption isclearly inkeeping with theprogramme aimed atreducing
pollution andnuisances ,itshould also include anobjective evaluation
ofthethreat tohuman health presented bypollution .**
Such atask isdifficult andcontains many unknown quantities .
TheEnvironmental Action Programme ,taking account oftheuncertainties
inthecause-effect relationship incertain parameters ,thus states
that ,inthecase ofpollutants forwhich adequate information isavail­
able atinternational level ,standards should befixed before 31J^ecember
197^(seeAction Programme Part IITitle I»Chapter 2B).
"*) Official Journal C112of20December 1973
**) Health ,inthis context ,isconsidered inthesense oftheWHO
definition ,'"health isnotmerely anabsence ofillness orin­
firmity ,butalso acomplete state ofphysical ,mental andsocial
well-being'' .

-r2- oc.Ko.^jlieL/lhe
Thisdirectivedealswiththeestablishment ofthesestandards,
i.e.thechoiceofaseriesofparameters,thenumericalvaluesgivento
themandalsothemeasuresrelatingtothemonitoringandsupervisionof
waterintendedforhum/inconsumption .
Theaverageamountofwaterusedparinhabr-.&ntp^r.diemdiffers
fromoneCommunitycountrytoanother;dependingonthetypeofpopu­
lationconcerned,itvariesfromlessthan150litrestomorethen500
litres.Industryaloneusesveryconniderab ;!equantitieseachday.
Becauseoftheincreaseinwaterrequirements ,itianecessarytodraw
onallpotentialsourcesofwaterwhichcan"beprocessedfortoucanusej
inparticular,surfacewatersareincreasingly U3edforthispurpose,
andsin-jetheyoftencontainnon-degradable pollutingsubstances,theae
watersnu3t"besubjectedtoincreasingly elaboratepurification pro­
cesses.Thequalityofwatersuppliedforhumanconsumptionmust.
thereforebesupervised,andlevelsoftoxicityandnoxiousnessfixed
withreferencetothemostup-to-datescientificknowledgeinthis
field.Adraftdirective*enthequalityofsurfacewaterintendedfor
theproductionofdrinkingwater,presentedbytheCoranisoicntothe
Council,wasapprovedbytheCouncilatitsmeetingon7November157^•
InanalysingthelegislationinforceintheMemberStatesofthe
EuropeanCommunities,onefindsacertainnumberofprovisionsappli­
cabletodrinkingwaterwhich,althoughinthesamecategory ;,areneither
comprehensive noratthesamestageofplanninganddevelopment .The
followingreferencessummarizethesituationineachMemberState.
OfficialJournalNo.CUUof19April1974

-3- Doc.No.3351/2/7Ue
Belfmun:
2hƒ-pril1965•*'PoyalDecreeondrinkingvater.
21May1973-Draftdecisiono?theCommissionofMinistersofthe
Bene]uxEconomicUnionregardingtheharmonization oflegislationonthe
supplyofvatertoindustrialpfcanisisnav'-ito fcatitagiff -iMufetid^&riiaffRhioh
dPooiistuffe paracprodusised^jpxotJdissiedky-ipaGlf igedortreated.
Denmark:
October1973-Danishstandardsfordrinkingvater-draft"tar
■•tffstingiorofwater.Simplifiedbacteriological examination .
France:
F?y1973-Definitionofthequalityofdrinkingvatersuppliedto
thepublic-draftinanticipation oftheCommunitydecision-revised
x
editionofthetextsofthedecrees,ordersandcircularlettersofthe
years1961and1962(MinistryofPublicHealthandPopulation).
Ireland:
Therearenomandatorystandardsfordrinkingvater.TheWHO
Furopeanstandardsfordrinkingvaterareusedasguidelines.Each
HealthAuthorityisresponsibleforthestandardsofthevatersupplies
underitscontrol.Legislation onthefluoridation ofwater(Health
Fluoridation ofWaterSuppliesActI960)isapplicabletovatersupplies.
Italy:
Standardsdealingwiththequalityofdrinkingvaterwereapproved
bytheCouncilforHealthon13December1972.Provisionalnational
legislationisbaredonthesestandardspendingthepublicationof
Europeanstandards.

-I-Doctllo•/2/7•*8
Luxembourg :
13November1S70-Grand-ducalRegulationonwaterintended&?
dirsiefly^p'tlidSfcectlv"forhuraart'<x?r.,surAptlon,
Netherlands :
I
I960-Decreeondrinkingwater.
197^-The"HealthCouncil'defirieddihecriteriatdbemetly
surfacewatersintendedfortheproductionofdriukitgwater.
FederalRepublicofGermany:
1961Lav.relatingtomeasuresaimedatpreventingcoraraunicable
diseasesinman(Federallawonepidemics)of18J\-Q.y1951(EGBII,No.
53,p.1012).
.^157.5:Regulationconcerningdrinkingwaterandindustrialwater
usedinthefoodprocessingindustry {regulationondrinkingwater)of
31January1375.(BGB1I,p.-^53).
■ v, ' •
197^:Lawrelatingtothereorganization anclcoordinationof'
legislation onstandardsforfoodproducts,tobaccoproducts,cosmetics
andotherconnumsrgoods(lawontheoverallrofomcfstandardsfor
foodproducts)of15August197^.(LGB1PartINo.95,p.19^5).
1959:Regulationconcerningtheadditionofextrrjiecussubstances
"inthetreatmentof-drinkingwater'(regulationconcerningthetrsatnent ,
ofdrinkingwater)of19December1959(as vln;?theregula­
tionconcerningthetreatmentofdrinkingwaterof27Junei960(BGB1
partI,No.53,p.U79)).
ζ ,
UnitedKingdom:
,."WaterAct1973,Chapter37-'■.■ •••• - *
-1969,Uth.editions •The-Bacteriological ExaminationofWaterSup­
plies(DepartmentofHealthandSocialSecurity,WelshOffice,.Ministry
ofHousingandLocalGovernment).
Astudyofthecompletetextsofthesedocumentsshowsthatdrink­
ingwaterstandards,althoughtheyaresimilar.,havenotthesamedegree
ofprecisionorjsiterL§jjfefiifefir&tJ;tm•fasc'the^Rmbs-rrSlra^es^.'Dfvtlis European

5- Doc.No.3861/2/7!+
Community.Moreover,someprovisionsare"basedsimplyontheEuropean
standardsoftheWorldHealthOrganization ,andothersonamoreorles3
comprehensive systemofnationallegislation .
Iftheparametersselectedareclassifiedtindersixheadings-
organoleptic factors,physicalandchetaicalfactors,"biologicalfactors,
undesirable andtoxicfactors,bacteriological andvirologicalfactors,
andradiologicalfactors,itcanbeseenthattheorganolepticfactors
areseldomtakenintoaccount,andthat,asregardstheintrinsicna­
tureofthewater,i.e.itsphysicalandchemicalproperties,consider­
abledifferencesexistbetweenonecountryandanother.
Theyare,however,almostunanimousasregardstoxicsubstances >
although,ingeneral,'thevariousregulations donottakeac­
countoftheresultsofrecentresearchintothelong-termhealthrisks
arisingfromthepersistenceofcertainsubstancesinwater.
LIoreover ;allMemberStatesareconcernedtoprotecttheconsumerat
allcostsagainstmicrobialcontamination .Alltheregulationsplace
particularemphasisonbacteriological properties;thevirological
aspectscontainedintheWorldHealthOrganization standardsof1971are
notsystematically takenintoaccount.
Inthecaseofradioactivity ,theMemberStatesgenerallyreferto
themeasuresrecommended bytheagenciesspecializing inthisfield,
especiallytothebasicstandardsdrawnupinconnectionwiththeEur­
atomTreaty.
ItshouldbenotedthatseveralStatessretakingstepstolimit
residualadditivespersistingaftertreatmentofthewater.
Thediscrepancies notedinthenationallegislationsofMember
Statesonthequalityofwaterintendedforhumanconsumptionarean
obstacletotrade .withinth<sCommunityandthushaveadirectbear­
ingonthefunctioningoftheCommonMarket.Iti3thereforeessen-

-6- Doc.Ko.3E03/2/7"e
:•; ?3:
tial,inthelight,ofthe.ESCTreaty,thatthedifferentlegislations be
harmonize 3,Suchharmonization wi.'.lelseiaa^eitpossibletocomplete
theprojectsplannedintheEuropeanCommunity'sActionProgrammeon
waterintendedforhumanconsumption .
WhileitiscertainthattheStandardsoftheWorldHealthOrgani­
zationcanprovidep.nessentialfoundationforanynationallegislation,
itmust"besaidthattheseprovisionsdonotmeetpresent-day..Acquire­
ments,particularly asanewerahas"beguninthedefinitionofstandards.
SincetheWIIOstandardsverefixed,andinspiteofrecentre­
vision,thesignificance tohealthtightlyattachedtothepresenceof
metallicionsindrinkingwater -hasincreasedconsidersblyandisnow
muchmoreimportantthanthatenvisagedwhenthestandardsweredrafted.
Thesameremarkcould "bemadewithreferencetoothergroupsof
gubsti-nces,inparticularorganicandargent-metallic iuicro-pollutacts .
Furthermore,anotherveryimportantfactoristhattheproperties
ofthewpter,availableareoftenaltered ,bythe-.eonsmasrwithaviewto
protectinghisdomesticsupplysystem.Thisproblem,whichwasnot
envisagedbythsWHO,hasbeenstudiedi:idetailbythecompetentde­
partmentsoftheCommission .■
Leavingasidethegeneraluseolbacteriological standards,which
provideabettersafeguardfortheconsumerintheimmediatefuture,
eachMemberStatehasselectedvhetappearedtobethebestparameters
havingregardtolocalconditions.Solonga3thecountriesremained
autonomousasregardswatersuppliesbecausetheirownresourceswere
adequate,standardization oftenonlymeantfindingthesolutiontoa
domesticproblem.•Todaythesituationis■changed.Becauseofthe
increaseindemand,associatedwith-copulationgrowthrindnswhabitsand

-7- Doc.' No.33d ,v/'e
requirements ,former sources areinsufficient ; surface water must
beused .However .,,such water hasmany uses r.r.dtherivers andstreams
rust henceforth cope simultaneously with widely differing requirement b
including those ofnavigation ,thedisposal ofindustrial andvrban re­
fuse ,andthat ofwater supplies .
Where international rivers areconcerned ,itevidently .becomes
necessary tocompare themeasures needed andtocoordinate facilities
forappraising thesituation .This explains thecontiguous efforts
made over thepast 20years tomaintain orrestore arawwater quality
consistent with theproduction ofdrinking water .Astandardized
system ofmonitoring foreach basin wastherefore devised andarrturn
totheprevious position isextremely unlikely .
Considerable reserves ofground water arenowalso being drawn on,
supplied onacommercial basis andexported tocountries oftheEuropean
Community andalso tonon-member countries .This isparticularly
true oftable waters .Inrecent years 9these exchanges have raised
questions ofatechnical ,legal andmedical nature .
Another important aspect very much inthelimelight istheuseof
softening systems tomodify thecomposition ofwater supplied tothe
consumer .Theremarkable grc-'h inthese systems ,duetothepressure
ofchanges made inthemethods ofsatisfying normal demand ,istaking
place ,because oftheinadequacy ofexisting regiilations ,inapartial
legal vacuum .Inview oftheequipment andproducts being used ,this
question isatpresent asimportant ,onaninternational scale ,asthat
ofthetreatment ofground water incontainers made ofmaterial of
varying stability .

-G- Doc.no.3351/2/7Ue
Itxsthereforenotmerelythequalityofthesourcewaterwhichis
atissue,"butthatofthefinishedproductonwhichtheconsumeris
directlydependent.Thissituationrequiresthatexistingnational
regulations,whichoftenrefertothenon-mandatory standardsofthe
WorldHealthOrganization ,shouldheharmonizedandsupplementedif
necessary "byadirectivedrawnup"bytheEuropeanCommunities .
Inrelationtotheinternational standardisation ofthequalityof
watersupplies,theWorldHealthOrganization andtheCommissionofthe
EuropeanCommunities havepowerstodefinestandardstheformeronlyin
theformofnon-binding recommendations ,thelatterintheformof
mandatory ^e-cdhdoriicd -with
secondlyproble-.srelatingtothequalityofrawwaterintendedforthe
productionofdrinkingwater,andwithprohibitions orlimitedtoler­
ancesreferringtothedischargeofcertainsubstancesresultingfrom
industrialactivitiesorurbansewage.
Tosumup,theenactmentofthisdirectiveisinkeepingwith
generalrethinkingonthesubjectofwaterqualityandisintendedto
reconciletheconflictingneedsofproductivity ontheonehandand
publichealthontheother;thesereedsarelinkedwiththenecessity
tousesurfacewaterswhichmustserveseveralpurposessimultaneously
(inparticularnavigationandthedrainageof,or-otluJx^'Ifo-fcBr)*

9 Doc.ITo.3861/2/7^e
II.TECHNICAL ASPECTS
ThisdraftdirectivesenttotheCouncildealswiththestandards
applicabletothequalityofwaterintendedforhumanconsumption .It
alsocoversdrinkingwaterassuchandwaterusedinpreparingfoodand
inthefoodmanufacturing industry,withtheexceptionofnaturalmineral
watersandmedicinalwaters,recognizedassuch,andalsoofaerated
waters.
Waterintendedforhumanconsumption mustpossessacertainnumber
ofproperties,shownintheappendedtables.
Theparametersselectedformacoherentwholeonthebasisofwhich
thepropertiesofwaterintendedforhumanconsumptioncanbelogically
defined.Toxicsubstancesandnoxiousgermsaregivenpriority,as
shownintheCommission'senvironmental programme,buttheymustbe
integratedvithanothergroupofparameterswhich,whilenothavingthe
semepriority,oftenconditionthebehaviorandeffectoftoxicsubstances
andnoxiousgerms.Forthatreason,inordertoviewtheproblemobjectively,
theymustbetakenintoconsideration .FivetypesofparameterLave
thereforebeenshowninthetablesappendedtothedraftdirective.
ι
Thechoiceofparameterswasbasedonseveralcriteria.Thay
relateto;••♦. .

10 Poe.Ho.3^61/2Me
--cssoiriiv-lhealthrecfilrotaerltaj ife''this:-cenn?ctfonKxxinutfAdiaio3ibloCon-
contEwt-ims <(M/lC)*.iwore?i >izecVforic.llpollutants "taiSI'tiniiaiiaRequiredCon-
aV^otvkrrvttous (liRC)**vroroIriddownt-for-calcium,nagncniua,Mcarbonates,
chloridesandsulphates#
-theneedtoconsiderspeciallocalsituations (climate,hydro-
geology)jandtheconcernoftheresponsibleauthoritiestobeable
totakeappropriateactioninexceptionalcircusstancos(naturalcatac-
iropha^floods).Tothisenditiopoaniblctoincorporate
Exceptional MaximumAdmissibleConcentrations (FMAC)*-4*
-thewishtoimprovethequalityofvaterintendedforh.imancon­
sumption.TheGuideLevels(GL)*tt**chosenrepresenttargetquality
objectives .
Itisnecessarytodefineandagreeonterminolgytobeusedwithin
theCommunityinordertoeliminatetheambiguitiesoftersdiiologies at
■oregentinusebothatnationalaudinternational levels.
+)tieconcentration belowwhichasubstanceinwater
cannot,inthecourseofcontinuousingestion *causeordirectly
orindirectlyresultinanidentifiable effectharmfultohealth
inastatistically representative sampleofthepopulation
involved.
++)(MF.C):theminimumconcentration ofasubstance;thepresence
ofwhichisessentialforpreventingtheoccurrenceof
identifiable harmfuleffectsinastatistically representative
sampleofthepopulationinvolved,eitherdirectlyorindi­
rectly,asaresultofrepeatedingestion.
+++)(EMAC):theexceptional maximumadmissibleconcentration which
maybeauthorizedlocallybytherelevantauthorities -,either
temporarilyinviewofparticularmeteorological conditions,
'orpermanentlyinviewofgeographicalorgeologicalconditions.
++++)(GL):theconcentratio ).ofagiven",substancein.x.-atoruhith.ttis
ttdvisabr©notto.e::sa6&i<v.■•■.

11 Doc.l?o.3361/2/7Ue
Theconsiderations underlyingthechoiceofthedifferentparameters
arebasedonpresentscientificknowledgeoftheeffectsproducedby
waterpollutantsorbysubstancescontainedinvateronthepopulation
ingeneraloronspecificpopulationgrotvps(children,agedpersons,the
sick...).
Thisscientificknowledgerelatesbothtotheimmediateeffectsand
alsotothelong-termconsequences .Sincetherearestillconsiderable
gapsinourknowledgeinthisareaitisnecessarytobeverycautious
indecidingwhatlevelstoselect.
Theupdatingoftechnicalandscientificknowledgewillnecessitate
afive-yearlyrevisionofthesestandards.Moreover,arequestfora
partialrevisionmaybemade,eithermyaMemberStateorinanswertoa
proposalfromtheCommission,particularly withreferencetoExceptional
MaximumAdmissibleConcentrations !thesemustbeofatemporarynature.
Withreferencetotiiemonitoringofthesestandards,representative
samplingandarecognisedsystemofanalysisshouldensurethatmeaningful
andcomparableresultsareobtained.
Spot;sr-EpliiiSj^uroaiiy onlyrsihglorsampleS,ohthe-bacisof
uhich-'.multiple -testsarecarriedout,shouldbeabandonedinfavourof
multiplesamplingonwhichonlyaf:-wtests,andnotall,arebc-se;d.
Thesizeofthepopulationinvolvedandthecapacityofthesource
ofsupply,shouldalsobo.considered.
Moreover,theconsumer,inordertoensurehisownacenityandto
protecthisdomesticdistribution system,sometimesmodifieshiswaiter
supply.Sincethismodification hasaneffectonbothhealthandthe
safetyofinstallations ,itisessentialthatthesamplingafterrinsing .
whichisnormallypractised,shouldbeprecededbyaninitialsampling
ofvaterwhichhasstagnatedinthepipework#

12 Pos.Eo,3961/2/7**e
Thereis,therefore,anorderofpriorityamongtheparameters
determiningthefrequencyofsamplingandanalyses.Thisorderof
priorityistakenintoaccountinthesystemofstandardanalysesalready
inuseincertainCommunitycountries.Threetypesofanalysis,AaB,C
ofincreasingcomplexity,areselected:(seeAnnexII)
-Analysis Aconstantmonitoringofdistribution networkssupplied
fromeither
-underground ,stablewaterwiththe'usualprotectionperimeters
('analysisAl)
-surfaceormixedwater(analysisA2)'.subdividedaccordingto
thesizefofethe.BuppSy:
Analysis "'Bregularsystematicmonitoring ,tosupplementthe
monitoring byanalysisAlanda2."whatevertheoriginofthe
water.
-Analysistoccasionaltestsinexceptionaloraccidentalcir­
cumstances,complementary toanalysesAandB.
Thefrequencyofthesestandardanalysesisdeterminedbytwo
er.sentialfactors:
-foranalysesA?a3ad-B»tbe;capacityoftheinstallationand-the'-Size
ofthepopulationserved,
-foranalysis''Cj.thesource'V^iVt^r^bility andthehazzai-ds ••
threateningit,regardlessofthesizeofthepopulationserved
andthe.capacity'dftheinstallation .
Withreferencetotheanalyticaltechniquesthemselves,anumberof
samplingmethodsha.vcbeensuggestedwhichtakeaccountbothofthemost
recenttechnicaladvancesandofconditions foundinsomelaboratories
whicharenotyetadequatelyequipped.

13 Doc.No.3861/2/74
PROPOSALFORACOUNCILDIRECTIVE ONTEEREQUIRED QUALITY
OFDRINKINGWATERINTHEMFMBERSTATES
TheCounciloftheEuropeanCommunities,"
HAVINGREGARDtotheTreatyestablishingtheEuropeanCommunities,
andinparticularArticle100thereof,
HAVINGREGARDtotheproposalfromtheCommission,
HAVINGREGARDtotheopinionofthaEuropeanParliament,
HAVINGREGARDtotheopinionoftheEconomicandSocialCommittee,
WHEREASinviewoftheincreasinguseofwaterintendedforhuman
consumption,itisnecessarytolaydownqualitystandards
withwhichsuchwatermustcomply,
VHER3WSnationallegislationrelatingtothequalityofwaterintended
forhumanconsumptiondiffersfromoneMemberStatetoanother a
thesediscrepancies beinganobstacletotradewithinthe
Communityandthereforehavingadirectbearingonthe
functioningoftheCommonMarket,
WHEREAStheProgrammeofActionoftheEuropeanCommunities onthe
Environment (l)providesforthesettingofstandardsfor
toxicchemicalsubstancesandforgermswhichendengerhealth
andarepresentinwaterintendedforhumanconsumption,and
alsoforthedefinitionofphysical,chemicalandbiological
parameterscorresponding tothedifferentusesofsuchwater
andinparticulartodrinkingwater,•
10JnoC112of20December1973

1U Doc.No.SSoI/S/T^
5
«!
WHEREASCouncilDirective Nocf
ontheharmonizaticnofthelegislationofMemberStates
relatingtotheuse-andmarketingofnaturalmineralwaters
laysdo-.jnspecialrulesforsuchwaters,andwhereas,further-
mere,it33necessarytoexcludemedicinalandaeratedwaters
fromthjscopeofthisdirective,
WHE5J1ASthevaluesfixedforcertainparametersmusthelowerthan
theconcentration "belowwhichsubstancesinthewatercannot,
inthecourseofcontinuousingestion,causeordirectly
orindirectlyresultinanidentifiable effecthaimfulto
healthinastatistically representative campleofthepop­
ulationinvolved(MaximumAdmissibleConcentration ),
\ffiEREA3thevaluesfixedforcertainobherparameter'smustbeequal
toorgreaterthanthemi;n:a.oiconcentration inwat.;rofa
substance,thepresenceofwhichisessentialforpreventir>5
theoccurrenceofidentifiable harmfuleffectsinastatis­
ticallyrepresentative sampleofthepopulationinvolved,
eitherdirectlyorindirectly,asaresultofrepeated ,
ingestion(MinimumF.equiredConcentration ).,
WHEREASvalueslowerthantheGuideLevelvalues(theconcentration
inwatero*:agivensubstancewhichshouldideallynotbe
exceeded)mustbeconsideredtobeentirelysatisfactory ,
WHEHRASincriertoachieveacertainflexibilityintheapplication
ofthisdirective,thepossibilityjaustbelefttoMember
Statestoforeseederogationstothepresentdirectiveto
takeaccountofspecial,specificsituations..

15 Poe.Ko.3361/2/7U/e"
WEEP.EASinorderfullytoattaintheobjectivesrelatingtoquality .
andparticularlytocheckthetrueconcentrations ofthe
differentparameters,itiJnecessarytoprovidethatManbor
Statestakethestepsrequiredtoensureregularmonitoring
ofthequalityofwaterintendedforhumanconsumptions
WHEREASthetechnicalspecifications definedintheannexestothis
directivemustberapidlyupdatedtotakeaccountoftechnical
progress,andwhereas,inordertofacilitatetheapplication
ofthemeasuresnecessaryforthispurpose,provisionmast
bemadeforaprocedureestablishing closecooperationbetwen
thoMemberStatesandtheCommissionwithintheCanr.itte^
responsibleforadaptationofthisDirectivetotechnical
progress,
HASADOPTEDTHISDIRECTIVE

Doc.No.3561/2/7*+e
APTICLE1
ThisDirectivedc-alswiththectnxidardswhichwaterintendedfor
humanccns;irtrption mustsatisfy.
ARTICLE2
ForthepurposeofthisDirective,waterintendedforhumancon­
sumptionshallmeanwater,usedforthatpurpose,eitherinitsoriginal
stateoraftertreatmenttocodifyitsphysico-chemical structure',"Regardless
oforigin,privatewellsanddrill-holesinpatticular."Itshallinclude:
-watersuppliedtotheconsumerbyapublicmainssystem,
-waterstoredordeliveredin"bottlesorothercontainers ,
-waterused,forwashingcontainersorinthepreparationorpre­
servationofjfoodstuffs,includingice-crean.s andthepreparation
ofdrinks,aeratedorotherwise.
ARTICLE3
ThisDirectiveshallnotapply:
a)tom£nerrlwatersrecognizedassuch"bytheHealthAuthoritiesin
accordanceviththeprovisionsoftheCouncilDirectiveonthe
hanrmonisation°^1:^lelawsoftheMemberStatesrelatingtothe
usea.idmarketingofnaturalmineralvaters,Directiveof...(+)
b)tomedicinalwatersrecognizedassuchbytherelevantHealth
Authorities andsuppliedandusedfortherapeuticpurposes.
(+)OJNo

17 roc.Ko.3861/2flk
c)toaeratedwaters.
ARTICLE 1»
1)TheMemberStatesshallfixvaluesapplicabletowaterintended
forhumanconsumptionforalltheparametersshowninAnnexI.
Thevaluesto"befixedmaynot"begreaterthanthevaluesshown
intheMaximumAdmissibleConcentration columns.Theyshallbe
equal,toorgreaterthanthevaluesshownintheMinimumRequired
Concentration columns,
2)WithreferencetothevaluesgivenintheGuideLeveleoltzmns,
theMemberStatesshallfixlimitsbasedonthoseshowninthose
columnsjanyconcentration lessthanthatprovidedforinthe
GuideLevelcolumnsshallbeconsideredtobeentirelysatisfactory .
3)j'ninterpretingthevaluesshownincolumns3>^s5ofthetablesin
AnnexI*accountshallbetakenofanyreferencesincolumn6v
,rComments."
U)TheMemberStatesshalltakethestepsrequiredtoensurethat
waterintendedforhumanconsumption conformstotheabovevalues.
ARTICLE5
l)TheMemberStatesmaymakeprovisionfordeparturesfromtheterms
ofthisDirectiveinordertotakeaccountof;
•a)situationsarisingfromthenatureandstructureoftheground
,inthegeographical areafromvhichthesourceinquestion
emanates,
b)situationsarisingfromexceptionalclimaticconditions.-
WhenaMemberStateintendstomakeadepartureasprovidedforin
l)a)above,itshallinformtheCommissionaccordinglywithintwomonths
statingthereasonstherefor.

-18- Doc.No.3861/2/7Ue
VhenaMemberStateintendstomakeadepartureasprovidedforin
1)b)above,itshallinformtheCommissionaccordinglywithineightdn.ys
oftheappearanceoftheexceptional clime-ticcorditionsandshallstate
thereasonsandtheperiodinvolved.
2)TheMemberStr-t.esmaymakeprovisionforExceptional MaximumAdmis­
sibleCor.eventrations wheresuchapossibilityidmentionedinthe
'Comments'col'itnnofAnnexI.
ByExceptional MaximumAdmissibleConcentration ismeantthemaxi­
mumadmissibleconcentration whichmaybeauthorizedlocallybythe
relevantauthorities,eitherteirpora?.ilyinvinwofparticular
meteorological conditions,orpermanentlyinviewofgeographical
orecologicalconditions .
3)InnocaseshallthedeparturestakenbyMemberStatesbyvirtueof
thisArticleexemptthemfromtheconditionsimposedforthepro­
tectionofpublichealth.
,'uTTCLE6
TheMemberCtr.tepshalltakeallnecessaryste^stoensureregular
monitoringofthequalityofwaterintendedforhumanconsumetion3par­
ticularlyinordertocheckthetrueconcentration ofthedifferent
parameters measured.
Weresuchmonitorirgisbasedonsamplingandanal/sis,thefre­
quencyofsamplingshallbedeterminedbyth^relevantnationalauthori­
ties;:'.tr;hallbobasedonthecapacityofthewatersupplyinstallation ,
thesireofthepopulationeervedandonspecialcircumstances suchas,
inparticular ,,periodsofdroughtorfloodingandtheriskofepidemics.
Forsuchmonitoring,theMemberStatesshallasfaraspossibleuse
thestandardmodelanalysesgiveninAnnexIIandtheanalyticalmethods
shovninAnnexIII.

19 Doc.No.S3ol/2/7U
ARTXCL?7
AnychangeswhicharenecessaryinordertoadapttheAimexosof
thisDirectivetotak.?accountofscientificandtechnicalprogress
shallbeadoptedinaccordancewiththeprocedurelaiddowninArticle
9..
ARTICLE8
a)ACoicmitteeontheAdaptationtoTechnicalProgressoftheDirec­
tivesonthequalityofwaterintendedforhumanconsumption,
hereinaftercalled"theCommittee",isherebysetup;itshall
consistofrepresentatives ofth2MemberStateswitharepresen­
tativeoftheCcnaaissionasChairman.
b)TheCommitteeshalladoptitsownrulesofprocedure.
ARTICLE9
1)WheretheprocedurelaiddowninthisArticleistobefollowed,
mattersshallbereferredtotheCommitteebytheChairman,either
onhisowninitiativeorattherequestofth'irepresentatirecfa
MemberState.
2)Therepresentative oftheCommissionshallsubmittotheCommittee
adraftcfthemeasurestobeadopted.theCommitteeshelldeli­
veritsOpiniononthedraftwithinatimeiisitsetbytb*Chair­
manhavingregardtotheurgencyofthematter.Opinionsshallbe
adoptedbyamajorityofUlvotes,thevotesofMemberStatesbeirg
weighteda3providedinArticle1U8(2)oftheTreaty.ThaChairman
shallnotvote.
3)a)TheCommissionshalladoptthemeasuresenvisagedwherethey
areinaccordancewiththeOpinionoftheCommittee.
b)Wherethemeasuresenvisagedarenotinaccordancewiththe
OpinionoftheCommitter,orifnoOpinionisadopted,the
CommissionshallwithoutdelayproposetotheCouncilthe
measurestobeadopted.TheCouncilshallactbyaqualified
majority.

20 Doc .No,33£l /2m
c)If,within three months oftheproposal "being submitted toit,
theCouncil hasnotacted ,theproposed measures shall be
adopted bytheCommission .
ARTICLE 110
TheMember States shall take allnecessary steps toensure that the
application ofthemeasures taken byvirtue ofthis Directive shall in
nocase have theeffect ofallowing anyfurther deterioration ,directly
orindirectly ,inthepresent quality ofthewaters referred tointhis
Directive .
11
Annexes I,IIandIIIshall form anintegral part ofthis Direc­
tive .
ARTICLE 12
e.)Member States shs11putinto force the ]avs,regulations andadmin­
istrative provisions necessary tocomply with this Directive ar.i
itsAnnexes within twoyears ofitsnotification andshall forth­
with inform the Commission thereof .
b)Member States shall communicate totheCommission thetexts ofthe
main provisions ofnational lawwhich they adopt inthefield
covered bythis Directive .
»
ARTICLE 13
This Directive isaddressed totheMember States .

21
AMI^XES
AIIîJEXITablesAtoE
ANNEXIIStandardanalyses
AITNEXIIIReferencemethodsofanalysisDost.KO»3861/2/7Ue

22 Doc.No.3861/2/7k
DRINKING WATERSTANDARDS
ANNEXI
TableAOrganoleptic factors
TableBFhysicochemical factors
TableCBiologicalfactors
Table DUndesirable ortoxicfactors
TableEMicrobiological factors

A)ORGANOLEPTIC FACTORS
. COMMUNITY VALUES ■I' !..
PARAMETERS
rcEXPRESSION
OP THE
RESULTS
©'-Guide
Level
(Get.)GMaximum
Admissible
Concentration
(M.A.C. )'niiniinuni
Required
Concentration
(h.R.C. )
(5)comiESTS
(6)
Colour Ptunits mg/l 5 20 possible recourse toE.M.A.C.
Turbidity SiOg degrees
nig/15 10
-orinJackson Units
G.L. 0.1 ■
M.A.C. 0.3
replaced incertain circums -
tances byatransparency test ,
with Secchi disc reading in
meters
indicative values
G.L. :6 '
M.A.C. :2
Odour dilution rate 0 2at12°C
3at25°Crelate topalatability tests
Palåtd-bility dilution rate 0 2at12°C
3at25°Crelate toodour tests
Temperature
(coolness )degrees G 12 25 possible recourse toE.Î1.A.C.

B)PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FACTORS
PARAMETERS
(1)EXPRESSION
OP THE
RESULTS
(2)COTfflUNITT VALUES►
:
-COMMENTS
©Guide
Level
(G.L. )ΘMaximum
Admissible
Concentration
(M.A.C. )minimum
Required
Concentration
(m.R.C. )
Í5)
pH pHUnits 6,5-8,5 9,5 6,00 pH .=0(saturation index )SX '
Conductivity - yuS/fcm400 I25O possible recourse toE.M.A.C.
corresponding resistivity va­
lues inohms/cm25OO-800
Total mineral
contentdry residue
mg/lI5OO possible recourse toE.M.A.C.
Total hardness hydrometric title 35 V: 10
Calcium Ca:mg/l 100 10
Magnesium Mg:mg/l 30 50 5
Dodiurt îTa:mg/l v<20100 possible recourse toE.M.A.C.
Potassium K:mg/l <10 12 possible recourse toE.M.A.C.
Aluminium Al:mg/l 0,05 possible recourse toE.M.A.C.
Alkali levelCO^H"mg/l 30
SulphatesSC4~~T^1 5 25O possible recourse toE.M.A.C.

B)FHY3IC0-CHIMCAL FACTORS (continued )
COÎÎMUNITY VALUES1
PARAMETERS
• crEXPRESSION
OP THE
RESULTS
(2)Guide
Level
(G.L. )
ßö:Mqjgiimum
Admissible
Concentration
(M.A.C. )
(Κ)minimum
Required
Concentration
(m.R.C. )
(5)COJttlEHTS
Chlorides Cl mg/l 5 200 possible recourse toE.M.A.C.
Niti-ates NO~mg/l 50 Il,5/1for'bottled orother
waterused formixing babies *
bottles
possible recourse toE.M.A.C.
NitritesN02"mg/l 0,1
ArmoniaNH4+mg/l 0,05 0,5
Kjüldalil
NitrogenN+mg/l
(excluding Νin
NOandNO)0,05 <*>v5
SilicaSi02mg/l 5mg/labove thenatural
level
Substances
extractable in
chloroforndryresidue
mg/l0,1
1 '
\

c)BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
COMMUNITY VALUES,·
PARAMETERS
ΦEXPRESSION
OP THE
RESULTS
©Guido
Level
(G.L. )
G)Maximum
Admissible
Concentration
(M.A.C. )
fi)minimum
Required
Concentration
(m.R.C. )
Í5>COMMENTS
(6)
Dissolved oxygen o2-m&/i 5
Oxidability Op mg/l
(fifc04)1 5possible recourse toE.M.A.C ,
measured when heated and in
acid medium
Biochemicc-l
Oxypen derand .
(BOD>02rag/l50fjofini­
tial dissol -
vedoxygen
content
Total carbon
(TCC)Clàg/l thereason foranyincrease
inthe usual concentration
must beinvestigated

D)UNDESIRABLE ORTOXICFACTORS
PARAMETERS
ωEXPRESSION
OPTHE
RESULTS
(2)COMMUNITY VALUES
COMMENTSGuide
Level
(a.L.)
..ß)Maximum
Admissible
Concentration
(M.A.C.)minimum
Required
Concentration
(m.R.C.)
Θ
Silver AgjOgfl10
ArsenioAs/ug/l 50
Barium Ba/ug/l 100 PossiblerecoursetoE*M,A.C.
CadmiumCd/ug/l 5
Cyanides CΝ"/ug/l 50
TotalchromiumCr/ug/l 50
Copper
t11Cu/ug/lì^ooPossiblerecoursetoE.LUl.C.
I5OO/ug/l:after16hrscon­
tactatconsumeroutlet
FluorineF/ug/l700atI5OO M.A.C»variesaccordingto·
averagetemperature ingeo-
graphicalareaconcerned
IronFe/ug/l100 300 possiblerecoursetoE.M.A.C.
MercuryHg/ag/l1-
Manganeselin/ug/l20 50 possiblerecoursetoE.Î1.A.C.

D)ÜM)ESIRABLE ORTOXICFACTORS(continued 1)
ί...... .
EXPRESSION
OPTHE
RESULTSCOMMUNITY VALUES
COMMENTS
©PARAMETERS
ωGuide
Level
(G.L.)
QMaximum
Admissible
Concentration
(M.A.C.)
Γ4)minimum
Required
Concentration
(m.R.C.)
(5)
NickelNiyug/l5 50
PhosphorusΡ/us/l300 2000
afterisolâtioit
Lead Fbyug/l 50
Eí^drogen
Sulphide s~~yug/inill
Antimony Sbmz/I 10
SeloniunSefig/l10
ZinoΖηyug/l100
20002000after16hrsofcontact
atconsumeroutlet
Mineraloilsresidue/ug/l 10•
Polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbonsresidue/ug/1
/0,2
PhenolindexC6H5011 .· 0,5
-

D)UHDESIRABLE ORTOXICFACTORS(continued2)
COMMUNITY VALUES -
PARAMETERS
.......φEXPRESSION .
OPTHE
RESULTSGuide
Level
(G.L.)
ß>Maximum
Admissible
Concentration
(M.A.C.)
mminimum
Required
Concentration
(m.R.C.)
(5)COm-IENTS
(S)
Anionic
detergentslaurylsulphate
/uS'A100
Pescicidee and
relatedproducts
-TOTAL
-SUBSTANCES CON-
SIDEREDSEPARA-
TELYyj*g/i
..0,1Bypeeticides andassociated
productsismeant:
-insecticides :
-persistentorganòchlorinei
compounds
-organophosphorus compounds
-carbamates
-herbicides
-fungicides
Otherorgano-
chlorinecompounds
..... ../ug/1 1'°... ....

E)MICROBIOLOGICAL FACTORS
PARAMETERS
o
•ri
Cla«h
0
1
H&ΆhÎSSm ■¥>RESULTS
volume
ofthe
sample
in mlTapw<
not dis-
infected
M.A.C.COMMI
iter (1)
disin -
fected
M.A.C.JIÏITY VALUES
surfacë
water
disinfected
K.A.C.:treated wai-
ter
not disin -
fected
M.A.C.r- " ■ ■ I
bommerts
Total coliforms + 100 ■ .5(3) 0 0 o(1).
(1)Atconsumer outlet
(2)Atcatchment
(3)Oncondition that
enough samples are
analyzed andresults
are95Ί0uniform
(4)Pertypo offcactorio ^
phage
(5)Qualitative research
result
1Fecal coliforme + 100 0 0 0 o(1)
Fecal streptococci + 100 0 0 0 o(1)
; 37°+ 1 10 - - 10(2)
Total
at . ■■+ 1 100 «è» 100 (2)
count 37° + ( 1 0 0
22° + 1 _ 20 20 -
Clostridium (Sul-
phite reducing )+ 20 2 2 2 0(1)
Salmonelle , + 5000 0 0 0 0(1)
Pathogenic
staphylococci+ 100 0 0 0 0(1)

E3MICPOBT OLOGICA LFACTORS (continued )
PARAMETERS
1 to
•H
CO
tfå
§
rH&hP<u2cim -hRESULTS
volume
ofthe
sample
in mlf»»
Tap wal
not dis-
infected
M.A.C.coimjít :
ter (1)
disin -
fected
M.A.C.LTYVALUES
surface
water
disinfected
M.A.C.treated
water
not disin -
fected
M.A.C.COIMENTS
Pecal
Bacteriophages+= 100 0(4) 0 0 0(1)
(ï)Atconsumer outlet
(4)Pertype of "bacte-
riophage
(5)Qualitative research
result -ιEnteropathogenic
viruses+ 10000 0 0 0 0(1)
Protozoa + - nil (5) nil nil nil (1)
Animalcules + nil (5)

32
DRINKING WATERSTANDARDS
AMEXII
Standardmodelanalyses
Parameterstobeconsidered,
Frequencyofstandardanalyses,
Sampling,
Commentsonthestorageofsamples 1

STANDARD MODELANALYSES
1–Parametersto"beconsidered
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FACTORSDRCAKOLEPTIC FACTORSCurrentmonitoringofthe
distribution networks
supplied
A1
Ground
water
PH
ConductivityTotalhard­
ness
Alkalilevel
SulphatesChloridesNitrates
AmmoniaA2
Surfaceor
mixedwater
Sas&dlty
Palatability
Température
PH
ConductivityTotalhardness
Alkalilevel
SulphatesChlorides
Kitrates
Ammonia£
Systematic
periodic
monitor!ng
'upplementary
toA1and
A2
TarDîaity
Odour
Palatahiiity
Température
PH
ConductivityTotalmineral
content
Totalhardness
Calcium
MagnesiumSodium
Potassium
Aluminum
Alkalilevel
Sulphates
Chlorides
Nitrates/Ammon.
Nitrates/Silica
TotalNitrogenOccasionalmonitoring
111specialsituations
incaseofaccidents-
suppleraentary to
AandB
i'ur&j.dity
Cdour
Palatability
Température
PH
ConductivityTotalmineralcontent
Totalhardness
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Aluminum
1-lkalilevel
Sulphates
Chlorides
Nitrates/Ammon.
Nitrates/Silica
TotalNitrogen

1-Parameters tobeconsidered (continued )
A
Current monitoring ofthedistribution net-
works supplied "by
A1 A2
Ground water surface or
mixed water
BIOLOGICAL Oxidizability Oxidizability
FACTORS
UlIDESIRA^LS OR Iron Iron
TOXIC FACTORS lïanganese ïiaagaiiese
liICrtUBIOLOGICAL Total coliforms Total coliforns
FACTORS Fecal coliforms Fecal coliforms
Fecal streptococci Fecal streptococci
Total count Total countΒ
Systematic periodic _
monitoring
supplementary to
Λ1and A2I
Occasional monitoring ;in
special situations ror
incase ofaccidents
supplementary toAandΒ
Dissolved oxygen
Oxidizability
Carbon dioxide
Fluorine
Phosphorus
Phenol index
Anionic detergents +
obiers presumed preseli ;Dissolved oxygen
Oxidizability
Chemical oxygen
demand (COD)
Bio-chemical oxygen
demand (BOD )
Total carbon (TOC)
Substances extractable
inchloroform
All undesirable or
toxic factors presumed
present
Total coliforms
Fecal coliforms
Fecal streptococci
Total count
Clostridium (sulphite
reducing )Total coliforms
Fecal coliforms
Fecal streptococci
Total count
Clostridium (sulphite
reducing )
Sa3monella
Pc .allogenic staphylococci
Fecal bacteriophages
Viruses -Amoeba
Animalcules

2-Frequencyofstandard ,analyses
STANDARD MA.LÏSISΡΡ.ΕφίΦΤΟΥ
recommended compulsory
Δ1
Currentmonitoringofdistribution networkssuppliedbygroundwater quarterly six-monthly
A2
Currentmonitoringofdistribution networkssuppliedbysurfaceormixedwater
-verylimitedoronlyonesupply .
(i)withprotectiveperimeter*
(ii)withoutprotectiveperimeter*
-largesupplyquarterly
monthly
dailysix-monthly
quarterly
weekly
B:
Systematicalperiodicalmonitoring,supplementary toAíandA2 six-monthly annually
c 1 ; ·-■
Occasionalmonitoringinexceptionalsituationsorinca3eofaccident*
supplementary toA1,A2andΒ·Asrequired-tobe
determinedbythe
compétenthealth
authorities
*)Thoprotectiveperimetersetuponthebasisofageologicalreportisadefinedareaaroundawatersupplysour­
ce:springwater,groundwater,surfacewater,Adistinctionisdrawnbetween:
-tjie_inaaediateprotective,perimeter,whichisfencedoffandwithinwhichallactivityisforbidden,and-thecuterprotectiveperimeterwithinwhichactivityisforbiddenorsubjecttoregulation.
VInthecaseofsuppliesdrawndirectlyfromariverfprotectionisensuredwithinanapproximatezoneinside
•whichthedischargeofwastewatershouldbeavoidedor,atleastma$onlybepermittedafterextratreatment.

36 Doc.Ko.3861/2/TU
3-SAMPLING
Inordertocarryouttypicalanalysesitisnecessarytotake
samplesofsufficientquantitiesofVfiterwithequipmentdesignedfor
thispurpose.
a)Bacteriological examination
Samplesofthewatershouldbetakeninsterilejars:
-insearchingforgerms,fecalcontamination tests;asample
of500cm3ofwater
-insearchingforsalmonella,asampleof1000CTP.3ofwater
-insearchingforviruses,asampleof10,000cm3ofwater
b)Chemicalexamination
-TypeAanalysis:asampleof1000cm3ofwaterincleanglass
orplasticjars
-TypeBanalysis:asampleof2000cm3ofwater
-TypeCanalysis:asampleof3000cm3ofwaterinpyrextype
jarswithgroundstoppersdividedasfollows:
-1000cm3insearchingfortoxicorundesirablesubstances
heavymetc.ls)
-2000cm3fcrananalysisoforganoleptic ,physico-chemical
orbiologicalfactors.

37 Doc .No.3861 /2/74
UCOMMENTS ONTHE STORAGE OFSAMPLES
a)Generally speaking ,samples should preferably bestored bydeep
freezing
b)Inthecase cftoxic orundesirable substances ,itissometimes
necessary ,depending ontheelement being sought ,tousepreserving
agents which will beadded tothesample either when itistaken or
mthelaboratory .
c)Water samples formicrobiological analyses should betaken in
sterile jars endkept inacold temperature (0°C)during the
journey tothelaboratory .Ifpossible ,theanalysis should take
place immediately onarrival atthelaboratory or,atthelatest ,
U8hours after thesample istaken .

38 Doc.No.3861/2L7Ue
DRINKING WATERSTANDARDS
ANNEXIII
Referencemethodsofanalysis
A-l)Organolepticfactors
A-2)Physico-chenical factors
A-3)Biologicalfactors
A-U)Undesirable ortoxicfactors
B)Microbiological factors
Note
Fortheparametersindicatedbyanasterisk,parameters cerumento
waterdestinedforhumanconsumption andtosurfacewaterstobe
usedfortheproductionofdrinkingwater,theanalyticalreference
methodsarecurrentlybeingstudiedwithintheframeworkoftheprepar­
ationofadirectiveonanalyticalmethodsregardingthequality
ofsurfacewaterstobeusedfortheproductionofdrinkingwater.

39 Doc .No.3861/2/74
Reference methods ofanalysis
A-1ORGANOLEPTIC F/CTCrS
Colour *
Turbidity Harmonized standards under study
Odour *
Palatability Successive dilutions
Tested atlk°Cor25°C
Temperature *

A
PH
Conductivity
Totalmineral
concent
Totalhardness
Calcimi
Magnesium
So&ium
Potassium
Aluminium
Alkalilevel
Sulphates
Chlorides
Kitrates
Nitrites
Ammonia
KjeldahlNItrogen
Silica
Substtince3
extractable in
chloroformUO Doc.Bo.
■2)PEYSICO-CHEMCIALFACTORS
«
Pessication at180C
EDTAcomple-^imetry
#
Atomicabsorption
Atomicabsorption
Flamete3t
Atomicabsorption
Flametest
Atomicabsolutionafterconcentration
Absorptionspectrophotometry usingaspecificreagent
.ι
Acidimetryonmathylorar-ge
*
«
Absorptionspectrophotometry usingaspecificreagent
«
*
Absorptionspectrophotometry usingmolybdosilicic
acidwithorwitlicutreduction
ι

kl Doc.ITo.3361/2/7^e
J
A-3)BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Dissolvedoxygen *
Oxidizability KKnO^toilingfor10minutesinanacid
medium
Biochemical oxygen *
dsmand(B0D5)
Totalorganic
carbon(TCC)*

h2 toe .No.3£6.1/2/7';e
A
Silver
Arsenic
Bari'tm ,
Cadium
Cyanides
Total Chromium
Coppsr
Fluorine
Iron
Mercury
Manganese
Nickel
Phosphorus
Lead
Hydrogen sulphide
Antimony
Sélénium
Zinc
Mineral oils and
polycyclie
aromatic cartons
Phenol index
Anionic '
detergents
Pesticides and
related productsU) ORTOXIC FACTORS
Atomic absorption
*
* ...
*
*
«
*
*
*
«
«
«
Absorption spectrophotometry using reduced phosphomolybdic
acid
4»
Absorption spectrophotometry :formation ofmethylene
blue
Oxidation toSb^+
Rho&amihe BAbsorption spectrophotometry
*
#

U3 Doc•No.3861/2/74e
B-MICROBIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Totalcoliform
Fecalcoiiform
Fecalstreptococci
Totalcount
Sulphidereducing
Salmonella
Pathogenic
staphylococci
Fecalbacteriophages
Enteropathogenic
viruses
Protozoa
Animalcules
(worms-larvae)*
«
«
*
Afterheatingthesprapleto80Casporocountby
-seedinginamediumwithglucose,sulphite
andiron,countingtheblack-halocolonies
-membranefiltration,depositionofthe
invertedfilteronamediumwithglucose,
sulphiteanaironcoveredwithagar,count
ofblackcolonies
-distribution intubesofdifferential reinforced
clostridial medium,reinccuiation ofthe
blacktubesinamediumoflitmus-treated
milk,countaccordingtoKPN
#
Membraneandculturefiltrationonaspecific
medium(e.g.Chapman'shypersaline medium).
Guilin'sprocess
Filtrationconcentration ,byflocculation or
centrifugation andidentification .
Concentration byfiltrationonamembrane,
microscopicexamination,testofpathogenicity .
Macroscopicormicroscopicexamination
COMMENTS:Theincubationperiodisgenerally24to'18hoursexcept
fortotalcc&ntswhenitis1+8to72hours.