22.

CALLS UPON THE MEMBER STATES AND THE COMMISSION TO: 1. develop together, while respecting Member States competencies, a new and comprehensive EU Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance based on the One Health approach, taking into account the evaluation of the current Action Plan, the discussion at the EU Ministerial One Health Conference on AMR of 10 February 2016 and the WHO Global Action Plan. The new EU Action Plan should include the following measures and measurable (29) goals: a) measures to prevent infections and to ensure prudent use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine; b) measures to combat illegal practices related to the trade and use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine; c) align surveillance on AMR in humans, food, animals and environment at EU level; d) decrease, over the period of the new EU Action Plan, antimicrobial resistance in humans, animals and in the environment in the EU; e) decrease, over the period of the new EU Action Plan, the differences between Member States in use of antimicrobials in both human and animal health, whereas Member States with a relatively low use should also try to further pursue prudent use of antimicrobials; f) decrease, over the period of the new EU Action Plan, healthcare associated infections in the EU; g) develop indicators to assess the progress made on addressing AMR and on the implementation of the EU Action Plan. 2. strengthen coordination and cooperation between Member States, between Member States and the Commission, and between human, food, veterinary, environmental, research and other relevant sectors and actively participate in the joint discussions of the EU One Health Network as defined in paragraph 20; 3. within the One Health Network, discuss the development, progress and implementation of the EU Action Plan; 4. strive for ambitious legislative measures that address the public health risk of AMR, in the areas where there is competence to do it, for example in the area of veterinary medicinal products and medicated feed; 5. develop European Union guidelines on prudent use of antimicrobials in human medicine to support national guidelines and recommendations; 6. set up a voluntary country-to-country peer review system in which representatives from one or several Member States evaluate each other's national action plan, reflect about policy options and provide recommendations to support Member States to improve measures taken. This country-to-country peer review system is complementary to other existing assessment tools or audit activities (e.g. ECDC, Directorate on Health and Food Audits and Analysis (30) or WHO); 7. ensure that the EU has a common approach in the global discussions on AMR, especially on the implementation of the GAP of the WHO, the FAO and the OIE Resolutions on AMR and on the implementation and updating the intergovernmental standards related to AMR published by Codex Alimentarius and the OIE; 8. in the framework of the One Health Network on AMR align strategic research agendas of existing EU R & D initiatives on new antibiotics, alternatives and diagnostics, set priorities based on societal needs in the field of public health, animal health and the environment, taking into account the gaps analysis in this domain; 9. actively engage in initiatives and proposals to implement a new business model to bring new antibiotics to the market, including models in which investment costs or revenues are de-linked from sales volumes; 10. encourage all relevant partners, including national regulatory authorities to launch a reflection, within the existing appropriate fora (e.g. the One Health Network), regarding the regulatory framework with regards to antibiotics in order to stimulate research and development and to facilitate marketing authorization procedure for new antimicrobials; 11. encourage the use of alternative treatment and prevention options including vaccines and the development and use of affordable diagnostics tests in human and veterinary medicine; 12. support, in close cooperation between the Member States and the Commission, the proposal to put AMR on the agenda of the United Nations General Assembly in September 2016, as mandated by the WHO GAP and the FAO Resolutions on AMR, in order to raise awareness of the issue at the highest political level, involving all Heads of State and all relevant UN organisations and aim for ambitious outcomes.