EN    EN  
 EUROPEAN  
COMMISSION 
Brussels, 2.12.2014  
COM(2014) 717 final 
  
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE 
COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE 
COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS 
2013 Annual Report on the Instrument for Stability 
{SWD(2014) 344 final}  
EN 2   EN TABLE OF CONTENTS 
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO  THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE 
COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC  AND SOCIAL CO MMITTEE AND THE 
COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS 
2013 Annual Report on the Instrument for Stability 
Table of Contents 
1. Introduction.................................................................................................................. 3  
2. Structure of the Instrument for Stability (IfS).............................................................. 3  
3. Implementation of the Instrument for Stability............................................................ 3  
4. Overview of the IfS for the period 2007-2013............................................................. 4  
5. State of play of the IfS in 2013 .................................................................................... 5  
6. Responses to situations of crisis or emerging crisis (IfS Article 3) ............................. 6  
6.1. How the IfS has responded to crises in 2013 ............................................................... 6  
6.2. Who was involved in IfS cr isis response actions? ....................................................... 7  
7. Assistance in the context of stable c onditions for cooperation (IfS Article 4) ............ 9  
7.1. Threats to security and sa fety (IfS Article 4.1)............................................................ 9  
7.2. Risk mitigation linked to Chemical, Biol ogical, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) 
materials (IfS Article 4.2) .......................................................................................... 11  
7.3. Pre- and post- crisis capacity -building (IfS Article 4.3) ............................................ 13  
8. Conclusion.................................................................................................................. 16  
EN 3   EN 1. I NTRODUCTION  
This seventh Annual Report on the Instrument fo r Stability (IfS), the final such report under 
the existing legal basis,1 is submitted to the European Pa rliament, the Council, the Economic 
and Social Committee and the Committee of th e Regions, in compliance with the reporting 
requirement set out in Article 23 of the Regulation establishing  an Instrument for Stability.2 
The Instrument for Stability has been an important tool placed under the authority of the High 
Representative/Vice President and Commissi oner responsible for Development, enabling 
them to target resources in support of comp rehensive EU approaches aimed at preventing, 
mitigating and dealing with the aftermath of crises and longe r-term security threats around the 
world. The report gives an overview of how th e IfS was mobilised to this effect in 2013. 
This report is complemented by three Commi ssion Staff Working Docu ments which provide 
comprehensive and detailed global implementa tion updates on i) urgent IfS crisis response 
measures that were launched and/or ongoing in  2013, under Article 3 of  the Regulation (Staff 
Working Document Parts 1 and 2); and ii ) longer-term programmable IfS actions under 
Articles 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 of the Regulation. 
2. S TRUCTURE OF THE INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY (IFS) 
Articles 3 and 4 of the IfS Regulation set out the types of activities for which this instrument 
could be mobilised. 
Article 3  foresees ‘assistance in response to crisis or emerging crisis’.  
Article 4  of the IfS Regulation foresees a progra mmable component of the Instrument which 
encompasses longer-term IfS progra mmes addressing three focal areas:  
• Security and safety threats in a trans-regional context (Article 4.1); 
• Risk mitigation linked to Chemical, Bi ological, Radiological and Nuclear 
(CBRN) materials (A rticle 4.2); and  
• Pre- and post-crisis capacity building (Article 4.3).3 
3. I MPLEMENTATION OF THE INSTRUMENT FOR STABILITY  
The Commission's Service for Foreign Policy  Instruments (FPI) works in very close 
collaboration with the European External Acti on Service (EEAS), a fu nctionally autonomous 
                                                 
1 The IfS applied from 1 January 2007 until 31 D ecember 2013. The new Inst rument contributing to 
Stability and Peace (IcSP) (Regula tion (EU) No 230/2014 of the Eu ropean Parliament and of the 
Council of 11 March 2014, establishing an instrument contributing to stability and peace), for which 
future annual reports will be submitted to the European  Parliament and the Council, as stipulated under 
Title IV, Article 13 of the Common Implementing Rules (CIR) for the implementation of the Union’s 
instruments for financing extern al action, applies from 1 January 2014 until 31 December 2020. 
2 Regulation (EC) N°1717/2006 of the European Parliament and the Council of 15 November 2006; OJ L 
327/1 24.11.2006. 
3 Also known as the IfS ‘Peace-b uilding Partners hip’ (PbP). 
EN 4   EN body of the European Union.4 Both services report to High Representative/Vice President 
Ashton, with the FPI coming under her responsib ilities as Vice Presiden t of the Commission. 
Work under Articles 4.1 and 4.2 is carried out unde r the responsibility of the Commissioner 
for Development Cooperation.  
The EEAS provided the political steer for Article 3 of the Instrument fo r Stability and worked 
jointly on the preparation of  measures with the FPI, wh ich was responsible for the 
implementation of agreed actions. The EEAS also provided the strategic programming for 
Article 4 through the Strategy Papers and Multi-annual Indicative Programmes. The 
corresponding Annual Action Programmes (A AP) are defined and executed by DG DEVCO 
(Directorate General for Development and C ooperation) for Art. 4.1 & 4.2 and FPI for Art. 
4.3.  
4. O VERVIEW OF THE IFS FOR THE PERIOD 2007-2013 
After seven years in existence, the IfS has pr ovided assistance towards addressing the full 
cycle of conflict and crisis prevention, response and recovery  around the world, addressing 
security threats at national, regional and transr egional levels and building capacities to prevent 
conflict and respond to crises. 
Figure 1: IfS funding for activities under Articles 3, 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 (EUR 1.57 billion overall for 2007-2013 
(as per funding allocations ) 
 
Over the period 2007-2013, the short- term crisis response compone nt of the IfS (Article 3) 
has made available EUR 1.08 billion for some 288 actions responding to crises spanning 
over 70 countries or regions worldwide . Figure 2 shows the geographic coverage for this 
period.    
                                                 
4 Pursuant to Council Decision of 26 July 2010 establishing the organisation and functioning of the 
European External Action Service (2010/427/EU), OJ L201 
EN 5   EN Figure 2: Geographic coverage of IfS crisis response s, 2007 to 2013 (as per funding allocations)     
 
Over the same period, some EUR 502.45 million was made ava ilable for the long-term, 
programmable  element of the IfS, c overing actions spanning Ar t. 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3. Figure 1 
illustrates how funding was distributed amongst crisis response measures (Art. 3) and the 
longer-term programmes (Art. 4) in this period. 
5. S TATE OF PLAY OF THE IFS IN 2013 
Of the EUR 309.3 million budget available and fully committed for the IfS in 2013,5 the 
breakdown of allocations was:  
• EUR 210.7 million for crisis or emergi ng crisis situations (Art 3); 
• EUR 30.3 million for responses to tr ans-regional threats (Art 4.1); 
• EUR 44.3 million for CBRN risk mitigation (Art 4.2); and 
• EUR 24 million for pre- and post- cr isis capacity building (Art 4.3).  
Through regular notes presented to the Politic al and Security Committee, the Council was 
kept informed on the planning of new Art. 3 crisis response measures and also updated on the implementation of ongoing measures. The Working Group on Conflict, Security and 
Development of the Foreign Affairs Committ ee of the European Parliament, which was 
established in the framework of the democratic scrutiny of the IfS, conv ened 6 political level 
trilogues with representatives from the Co mmission and the EEAS and some 15 technical 
meetings over the course of the year. 
In terms of geographic distribution , Figure 3 reflects the signi ficant on-going IfS support 
across the Middle East and North and Sub-Saharan Africa, given the protracted crises in the 
regions. 
                                                
 
5 Refer to ‘Instrument for Stability: Overview 2013 commitments and payments’ in the Commission Staff 
Working Document accompanying this report 
EN 6   EN Figure 3: Geographic coverage of new IfS Crisis Responses, 2013 (as per funding allocations) 
 
Specific examples of IfS projects in 2013 ar e given in the two sections that follow. 
6. R ESPONSES TO SITUATIONS OF CRISIS OR EMERGING CRISIS (IFS ARTICLE 3)  
6.1. How the IfS has responded to crises in 2013 
In 2013, the IfS committed EUR 216.6 million6 through some 45 short-term crisis response 
measures. In the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) support continued in 
response to the protracted crises in Syria and the spillover affects felt by neighbouring countries. Support across sub-Saharan Africa was al so evident, reflective of EU responses to 
volatile political situa tions and security thr eats across the region.  An d in South-East Asia, 
support continued towards the establishment of peace processes and the rule of law. 
Full details of all IfS measures that were under implemen tation in 2013 are set out in the 
Commission Staff Worki ng Document which accompanies this  Annual Report. Illustrative of 
activities in 2013, the following ac tions demonstrate the wide scope and the many different 
types of crises the IfS was called upon to res pond to in various loca tions around the world: 
Syria : The protracted crisis in Syria has seen ongoing IfS support provided both inside Syria 
and in neighbouring countries. In Turkey, Iraq, but mainly Jordan and Lebanon, the IfS was 
instrumental in supporting the authorities in their reception and hosting of the ever-growing 
numbers of Syrian refugees. Refugees were al so directly assisted, for example through the 
provision of cash rental subsidies and improveme nt of living conditions, including in the  
governance structures of the camp s, the provision of alternative education and in the sphere of 
psycho-social support. In Lebanon, the IfS is  providing significant support to the local 
healthcare sector, which is under huge strain given the additional demands placed by the 
presence of large  numbers of refugees.  
Within Syria itself, access and other conditio ns for providing non-humanitarian support are 
clearly more challenging. Nevert heless, the IfS has still been able to provide some direct 
assistance in the form of prim ary healthcare, increased food security and basic education.  
Mali : The IfS was one of the first instruments the EU was able to deploy as part of the wider 
EU response effort to the crisis in Mali in early 2013. A EUR 20 million IfS package of 
assistance provided support mainly in the areas of security and justice, assistance for re-establishing the presence of the Malian State in the north of the country and towards the first 
stages of the electoral process. This assi stance was complementary to support provided by 
                                                
 
6 This figure includes funds of EUR 6 million that were carried over from 2012 or recovered from 2013. 
EN 7   EN other EU instruments, in particular the IfS long-term Counter-Terrorism Sahel project, the 
two CSDP missions - EU Tr aining Mission (EUTM) for the Malian military and EUCAP 
Sahel, as well as EU support to the AFISMA mission through the African Peace Facility of 
the EDF. 
Niger:  During 2013, security threats in Niger incr eased due to the rebellion and military 
conflict in northern Mali. The return in recent years of an estimated 250,000 economic 
migrants from Libya to Niger alone, including ex-combatants and mercenaries, has further 
exacerbated the situation. Buildi ng on existing IfS support toward s security and stabilisation 
in the northern regions of Niger and Mali, follo w-on support was agreed to  assist in the areas 
of municipal policing, income generating activi ties and support to peac e and reconciliation 
initiatives launched by regiona l and national authorities. Th ese measures contribute to 
attaining the objectives of the EU Sahe l Strategy, complement EU development 
assistance and humanitarian aid and create syne rgies with the CSDP EUCAP Sahel mission in 
Niger 
Central African Republic (CAR): After the coup d’état of Ma rch 2013, the range of IfS 
activities in CAR was broadene d to reflect the new situa tion on the ground. This was done 
with: support packages to civi lian security forces, which could also pave the way towards 
comprehensive efforts on security sector re form later on; support to media to allow for 
objective and conflict se nsitive information av ailability in Bangui and the provinces; the 
deployment of human rights’ observation missions; and the fo stering of inter-community 
dialogue through civil society efforts. 
Côte d’Ivoire: Following the appointment of a national authority to implement the 
government’s 2012 policy on disarmament, demob ilisation and reintegration (DDR), the EU 
provided assistance through IfS measures that included: cap acity-building and technical 
assistance, including the orientation and prepar ation of demobilised ex-combatants who were 
to be reintegrated; s upport to the economic and social reinsertion of approximately 5,000 
previously de-militarised and de-mobilised ex-combatants and parallel assistance to host 
communities in order to create an  environment favourable to such reintegration; and the close, 
regular monitoring of the DDR programme to ensure that this participative approach caters to the needs of host communities as we ll as those of ex-combatants. 
Burma/Myanmar : In addition to earlier and still ongoing support to the peace process, 
including towards the creation of the Myanmar Peace Centre (MPC) in 2012, approaches from both the Office of the President and Da w Aung San Suu Kyi, a nd in line with the 
Foreign Affairs Council Conclusions of April 2013, the EU initiated assist ance to the capacity 
building of the Myanmar Police Force in order to improve police respect for human rights as 
well as their accountability and professionali sm in the areas of crowd management and 
community policing. 
6.2. Who was involved in IfS crisis response actions? 
Measures were prepared in close cooperation among the EU institutions and with EU Member 
States;as well as a variet y of partners: civil society; public administrations; third countries and 
others. EU Delegations play a key role, pr oviding early warning and developing initial 
concepts and options for respons es. In 2013, the majority of new measures continued to be 
EN 8   EN ‘sub-delegated’7for local implementation to EU Delega tions, whose understanding of local 
needs and requirements is essential to the success of the activities. This enables contracts to 
be negotiated with implementing bodies in a ti mely fashion and the implementation of these 
often sensitive projects to be monitored at close proximity. As a result, EU Delegations were 
responsible for 62% of commitments and 80% of payments under the IfS in 2013.  
Figures 4a and 4b, below, illustrate the range of  IfS implementing partners for Art. 3 crisis 
response measures from 2007 to 2013. Implementing partner options can of ten be dictated in 
terms of those organisations or actors with  expertise and strong in-country presence that 
enables them to react quickly, using their solid local networks, in the volatile environments 
where IfS crisis response ac tions operate. The UN family remained a significant 
implementing partner, as were non-governmental  organisations and 2013 saw an increase in 
co-operation with Member States’ agencies. 
Figure 4a: IfS Crisis Response implementing part ners, 2007 to 2013 (as per funding allocations) 
 
Figure 4b: IfS Crisis Response implementing partners, 2013 (as per funding allocations) 
 
                                                 
7 Legal and financial responsibility for the use of EU funds, including power to sign and amend contracts 
as appropriate is transferred from the European Commission headquarters in Brussels to the EU 
Delegation concerned. 
EN 9   EN 7. A SSISTANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF STABLE CONDITIONS FOR COOPERATION (IFS 
ARTICLE 4) 
The Commission ensures the preparation of annual programming and the management of 
assistance under Article 4 in the context of  stable conditions for cooperation. The 2013 IfS 
Annual Action Programmes (AAPs) were adopted  as follows: Articles 4.1 and 4.2 in July 
20138 and Article 4.3 in March 2013. A detailed implementation update on activities under 
each of the Articles is provided in the Comm ission Staff Working Document II accompanying 
this Annual Report. 
7.1. Threats to security and safety (IfS Article 4.1) 
The programmes devised in the context of tran s-regional threats focus on capacity building, in 
close consultation with benefici ary countries. Typically, security  capacities are strengthened 
at the national and regional levels, with a view  to enable effective global and trans-regional 
cooperation.  
In 2013, EUR 74 million was committed, with a to tal of around EUR 44 million in payments 
made. By the end of 2013, and through the ESF,9 more than 100 experts were recruited from 
specialist public or semi-public  organisations in the EU Memb er States, joining forces to 
make their specific knowledge and expertise av ailable and providing tec hnical inputs to the 
identification and detailed pl anning of IfS actions. This included the 2013 Annual Action 
Programme (AAP), as well as paving the way for a fully-fledged impl ementation of actions 
decided in previous AAPs. The following sectio n provides highlights of the areas covered: 
• The Cocaine Route Programme  (EUR 35 million since 2009) covers 38 countries 
in Africa (essentially West Africa), Latin  America and the Caribbean and supports 
partner countries' capacities to fight or ganised crime and drug trafficking along the 
entire route, focusing on the interception of the illicit flows of drugs, the fight against 
money laundering and information sharing. Two new contracts were signed to extend 
the geographical scope of the AIRCOP proj ect to new countries in Africa and Latin 
America over the next three years and to support the roll-out of the West Africa 
Police Information System (WAPIS) to its first five pilot countries.  
• Support to the  fight against organised crime on the heroin route con tinued, with work 
across 15 countries in Asia, Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Black Sea and Western 
Balkans under the Heroin Route Programme 's umbrella which has two phases that 
are currently running in parall el: a project comprised of four components with the 
main bulk of its activities focusing on Afgha nistan and Pakistan; the second consists 
of three stand-alone proj ects. During 2013, two new interventions commenced under 
the banner of the programme's second phase : one project with an objective to 
strengthen co-operation betw een law enforcement agencies  at an operational level, 
particularly in Central Asia,  and another tackling the issue of human trafficking in 
countries along the heroin route, with ac tivities focusing on enha ncing the capacities 
of Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina , Republic of Moldova and Turkey in 
data/intelligence gathering, analysis and systematic information sharing.  
                                                 
8 Revised version of the AAP approved on 23 December 2013 
9 Expert Support Facility Framewor k Contract, drawing on specialists  from public or semi-public 
organisations from the EU. Since 2008, experts from about 60 organisations in 17 Member States have 
carried out over 100 missions. 
EN 10   EN • The EUR 22 million  Critical Maritime Routes programme covers 25 coastal 
countries of the Wider Indian Ocean (inclu ding South East Asia) and the Gulf of 
Guinea. It enhances the information shar ing capacities and maritime law enforcement 
functions of these states so as to help achieve safer maritime traffic by focusing on the fight against piracy and armed robbery  at sea, and other aspects of maritime 
security. 
• Support to projects fighting terrorism  at national and regiona l levels continued in 
2013 in line with the EU Counter-Terrorism  Strategy.  In Mali, implementation of 
the project “Contre Terrorism Sahel”, which benefits Niger, Mali and Mauritania, began in earnest with training on terrorist attack responses, inve stigative techniques, 
intelligence gathering and use, as well as counter terrorism legal proceedings. A new 
project which will contribute to counter terrorism financing in the Horn of Africa and 
Yemen was designed for implementation to st art in early 2014, while a contract was 
also awarded for a new project on Counter ing Violent Extremism in the Horn of 
Africa.  Collaboration with Pakistan wa s bolstered with new support on Countering 
Violent Extremism which will come on stream in 2014 to complement existing 
support to the Punjab criminal justice syst em.   In South-East Asia, the IfS was 
engaged in a joint EU-UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) anti-
terrorism initiative. The IfS also provided support to the Malta-based Institute of 
Justice and the Rule of Law through a mapping assignment to inform their future counter terrorism related work. In collabo ration with the Office of the National 
Security Adviser in Nigeri a, a study on the Boko Hara m was prepared. Finally, 
Commission training on prepar ing projects on Countering Violent Extremism of EU 
and Member State staff in Delegations a nd embassies was designed, with the first 
session held in Nairobi in December 2013 and further training to be conducted in 
Africa and Asia in 2014.  
• A new cybercrime  intervention commenced implementation in late 2013, in 
collaboration with the Council of Europe . The Global Action against Cybercrime 
(GLACY) aims at promoting accession to the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime 
and enabling criminal justice authorities to engage in international cooperation on 
cybercrime and electronic evid ence on the basis of this treaty.
   
• A cyber-security  pilot project was formulated, fore seen to start at the beginning of 
2014, with an objective to build the resilience of IT critical  infrastructure and foster 
the harmonisation and development of national legislation in accordance with international standards in  selected countries.  
• With an objective to enable national judici al, control and law enforcement authorities 
to efficiently respond to the production of, and trafficking in falsified medicines , a 
new intervention to address threats pos ed to public health was designed and 
contracted, with implementation foreseen to start in 2014. Pr oviding the necessary 
legal framework and capacities to conduct these operations effectively at the applicable national and sub/tr ans-regional level, the geographical focus of the project 
will be Ghana, Senegal, Jordan, Moro cco and Cameroon due to the political 
commitment they show in addressing challenges posed by falsified medicines. 
• In order to fight illicit accumulation and trafficking in small arms and light 
weapons (SALW)  and addressing their destabilising effects, several milestones were 
met by an initiative implemented by UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and 
EN 11   EN Crime), which promotes the ratification and implementation of the UN Convention 
against Transnational Organized Crime a nd its Firearms Protocol. Similarly, the 
iARMS project implemented by INTERPO L entered its second phase (2012-2013) 
after a successful completion of the first st age (2011-2012). In Africa, the first phase 
of support to the Regional Cent re for Small Arms (Nairobi, Kenya) came to an end in 
June 2013, marking thereafter the start of its  second phase which will have a 3-year 
duration. In Central America, the second pha se of support to the Central American 
Small and Light Weapons Control Programme  (CASAC) entered its second year of 
implementation by the Security Commission of the Central American Integration 
System (SICA).  
7.2. Risk mitigation linked to Chemical, Biologica l, Radiological and Nuclear 
(CBRN) materials (IfS Article 4.2) 
The CBRN programme covers risk s related to accidental, natu ral or malevolent CBRN related 
issues and aims at improving the safety and se curity culture by spread ing best practices and 
raising the general level of security and safe ty awareness. Prior to 2010, different domains 
were covered separately.10 The CBRN programme has a regional strategy and only 
exceptionally covers bilateral projects in one single country (exceptions are Afghanistan and 
Pakistan for chemicals, bi osafety and biosecurity). 
CBRN ‘Centres of Excellence’ (CoE)  are gradually providing a single and integrated 
platform for actions in all of the domains of  border monitoring/illicit  trafficking, export 
control, bio safety, bio securit y, etc, including civil protectio n measures (emergency planning, 
crisis preparedness and response). The initiative is implemented in clos e cooperation with the 
EEAS and the help of the UN Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI). The Joint Research Centre of the European Commission assures the tec hnical support of the 
initiative. These  CoEs seek to enhance CBRN risk mitigation policies by developing tailored 
assistance packages. They will constitute a major tool for capacity building and developing 
coherent regional policies an d for strengthening the cooperat ion of national and regional 
capabilities in this domain. In 2012, the EU  established a CoE in South-East Asia 
(Philippines), South East Europe/Southern Caucasus/Ukraine (Georgia), North Africa (Algeria), the "Atlantic Façade"  (Morocco), the Middle East (J ordan) and Eastern and Central 
Africa (Kenya). Five local Co E Regional Secretariats are ope rative in 2013 and four have 
been officially inaugurated. Furt hermore, contacts have been established with Central Asia 
and the Gulf Cooperation Council  countries. In 2013, the Commi ssion started to set up with 
the partner countries of the CoE initiative a need s and threat assessment exercise to identify 
the major CBRN needs of the countries. Th ese assessments will be followed by the 
establishment of National CBRN Action Plans to help to set the priority actions of the 
concerned countries. The future project defini tion in the CoE regions will be based on these 
priorities.  
Major CBRN-CoE projects launched include:  in the Middle East, the CoE in Amman has 
prepared a project on the traini ng of civilian first intervention personnel  for CBRN disasters 
(HAZMAT). The CoE of the African Atlantic F açade (AAF) in Rabat has launched a project 
on biological and chemical dangerous wastes. It involves seven part ner countries from AAF 
and Tunisia. A second project shared between the CoE of Rabat and Nairobi will help the 
partner countries to build up and strength en legislation and develop efficient enforcement 
                                                
 
10 For example, export control of dual-use goods, illic it trafficking, redirection of former weapons 
scientists, safety and security culture.  
EN 12   EN measures to fulfil international obligations . Nine countries particip ate to this project and 
another nine countries have alr eady expressed interest in part icipating in a similar project. 
Other supported areas include several domains of activities in coordination with the CoE 
network. 
• Outreach of export control of dual-use goods activities, which resulted in 
successful programmes with more than 23 states ar ound the world, has been 
extended. Cooperation with the US EXBS11 Export Control programme has been 
reinforced. A common international export control outreach dialogue took place in 
Brussels in June 2013. It has been decide d to establish a co mmon Working Group to 
reinforce the coordination between the US a nd EU so as to avoi d any duplication in 
the implementation of export control activit ies. Based on current developments, an 
extension and a reinforcement of the activitie s in the Middle East/Central Asia were 
realised in the second half of 2013. A new approach to the expor t control activities 
has been defined to assure better impact on the field operators in charge of the 
control activities.  
• Support for retraining and alternative empl oyment of former weapon scientists 
and engineers  with origin in countries of the former Soviet Union has continued 
through the dedicated Science and Technology Centre (STCU) based on a reinforced 
partnership between the Parties and a co-funding of activities scheme and the 
International Science and Technology Cent re (ISTC) is undergoing a reform process 
i.e. the objectives are updated and the geographical scope is broadened. The 
Commission and the EEAS received a manda te from the Council to negotiate a 
revised ISTC agreement. The Centre will be transferred to Astana, Kazakhstan. In 
2013, the ISTC inaugurated an EU projec t- sponsored Regional Biosafety and 
Biosecurity Centre in Dushanbe and starte d the training of Tajik and Afghan experts 
for redirecting their activities towards pe aceful use. Other scientist redirection 
activities also took place in 2013 in Iraq. 98 radiologica l and nuclear specialists 
received training to redirect their activities towards decommissioning of nuclear installations.  
• The fight against illicit traf ficking of CBRN materials and deceptive financial 
practices  is on-going, with actions in Central Asia and South East Asia and North 
Africa. A second contract has been signed with the International Atomic Energy 
Agency (IAEA) to contribute to a new Nucl ear Material Laboratory to be used by 
IAEA Safeguards Analytical Services in Se ibersdorf, Austria. In addition Thailand, 
Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, and the DRC received support for detection of 
radiological and nuclear material.  
• A Biosafety and Biosecurity strategy fo r the EU neighbourhood has been started in 
the EU Neighbourhood South and East throug h the implementation of the outcome 
of the EpiSouth project (17 non-EU partne r countries and 10 Member States). The 
EpiSouth network, primarily limited to th e Mediterranean basi n, has been further 
extended to include Armenia, Georgia, Mo ldova and Ukraine. Th is strategy, through 
the exploitation of the EpiSouth network of countries, has generated four major 
projects all launched at the end of 2013. Th e first and largest is the “MediPIET” 
                                                
 
11 Export Control and Related Border Security Assistance 
EN 13   EN project that continues the trai ning of intervention epidem iologists contributing to the 
overall objective of enhancing health and biosecurity in the neighbourhood. Its 
objective is capacity building for the preven tion and control of na tural or man-made 
health threats posed by communicable dis eases. The second biological project, under 
the leadership of the World Health Organi sation (WHO), is investigating emerging 
bacteriological diseases and aims to rein force public health for emerging bacteria 
pathogens (anthrax, Tularemia, plague, tuberculosis, etc.) and antimicrobial 
surveillance networks for possible out breaks. A third, parallel project, 
“Medilabsecure”, under the leadership of the Pasteur Institute , follows the risks 
linked to emerging and re-emerging viru ses affecting humans and animals and 
creates a network of entomologists. A f ourth project, led by the WHO, aims at 
increasing health security  globally by assisting coun tries in enhancing and 
strengthening capacities for prevention, detection, contro l and response to public 
health events related to activities at sea, air and land point of en try, of international 
travel and transport. The approach is multi sectorial and aims at minimizing the risks 
associated with natural or de liberate release of pathogens.   
• In 2013, the elimination and destruction of the chemical stockpiles of Syria has 
been supported financially by the CBRN in itiative of the IfS programme. After 
modification of the AAP 2013 programme, th e EU allocated EUR 12 million to the 
Organisation for the Prohibition of  Chemical Weapons (OPCW) for the 
neutralisation and incineration of the Sy rian chemicals in cooperation with the 
international community. 
7.3. Pre- and post- crisis capacity-building (IfS Article 4.3) 
From 2007 to 2013 €103 million were allocated to  support some 140 projects building and 
strengthening the pre- and post-crisis capacities of  the EU and its partners  at national, regional 
and global level. Figure 5 be low reflects the main thematic  areas of support from 2007 to 
2013, while figure 6 illustrates the range of implementing partners. 
Figure 5: Thematic areas of capacity building support 2007-2013 (as per IfS Art. 4.3 funding allocations ) 
 
EN 14   EN Figure 6:  Implementing partners 2 007-2013 for Art. 4.3 capacity bu ilding (as per funding allocations) 
 
€24 million were allocated under the 2013 AAP and the following provides an overview of 
the main achievements and impacts related to  on-going projects that were ongoing in 2013. 
Conflict prevention, pea cebuilding and fragility: Through the Civil Society Dialogue 
Network (CSDN), a viable forum for dialogue on peace-building issues has been established 
between the EU and civil society actors, providi ng the latter with an opportunity to input to 
the EU’s policy making processes. 2013 marked th is platform’s third year, with a resulting 40 
dialogue meetings held by the end of 2013, cont ributing to enhancing the long-term capacities 
of civil society in third countries, as well as th eir European partners, to be better prepared for 
crisis prevention.  
Mediation, dialogue and reconciliation:  Due to the IfS support to the Mediation Support 
Unit of the UN Department of Political Affair s, critical assistance was provided in high 
profile crisis situations in CAR, Mali and So malia. Participation of wo men in peace processes 
was enhanced by training six women identified as candidates for potential appointments to 
mediator positions by the UN Secretary-General,  and by developing a "High-level Seminar on 
Gender and Inclusive Mediation Processes". In cooperation with UNDP, the IfS also 
contributed to establishing cap acities and sustainable national mechanisms for internal 
mediation and conflict management in nine pilot countries.12  
A versatile new IfS facility, "t he European Resources for Mediation Support" (ERMES), was 
designed to facilitate flexible and rapid provision of  technical mediation assistance to third 
parties engaged in inclusive pe ace processes at international, regional and/or local levels, 
creating enabling conditions for women, youth and other vulnera ble groups to express their 
voices in conflict theatres.  
Women, Peace and Security (WPS) and children: The IfS continued to support the 
implementation of UNSCR 1325 through a join t project with UN Women on enhancing 
Women’s Participation in Peacebuilding and Post-conflict Planning in Kosovo13, Liberia, and 
Timor-Leste. In Kosovo, hundreds of men, women and youth attended reconciliation 
dialogues, producing concrete recommendations on issues such as the Gender Equality Law, 
women's employment and girls education. Agr eements have also been made with major 
media outlets in Kosovo to feature WPS issu es in their programmi ng. In addition, WPS was 
                                                 
12 Bolivia, Chad, Ghana, Guyana, Maldives, Mauritania, Nepal, Togo and Yemen.  
13 This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244 and the 
ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo Declaration of Independence. 
EN 15   EN targeted as a priority for local calls for proposals in 17 countries and 3 regions,14 covering a 
broad range of gender issues.  
Early Warning and situational awareness:  IfS support has allowed the Timor-Leste CSO 
Belun to roll-out and scale- up an Early Warning, Early Resp onse system (EWER), evaluated 
as one of the best examples in the field of  EWER systems, successf ully contributing to 
reducing the overall local  conflict potential and tensi ons. Support through Saferworld and 
ICG allowed  to strengthen in-country and regi onal actors' capacity to analyse conflict risks 
across 32 theatres of poten tial conflict and to pr ovide high-quality conf lict analysis to policy 
makers and civil society with recomme ndations for early response measures.  
Regional and sub-regional organi sations' early-warning and post-dis aster recovery capabilities 
were strengthened, including by enhancing the crisis response capacities of the League of 
Arab States, developing the medi a monitoring capacity of the S ecretariat of the Organization 
of American States (OAS) and continuing sup port to the African Union’s Continental Early 
Warning System. IfS supported the enhancem ent of ASEAN’s and its Member States’ 
capacities to respond to  emergency situations. In this context,  a first training for future staff of 
the Myanmar National Crisis Centre took place in November 2013, coinciding with a visit to 
this centre by HR/VP Ashton.  
Civilian capacity for crisis management:  After the first phase ended successfully in 2012, 
the ENTRi programme (Europe's New Training Initiative for Civilian Crisis Management) 
was re-launched in April 2013. During the course of the year nine customised trainings (on 
average one per month) streng thened the capabilities of 210 personnel (both EU and non-EU 
nationals) deployed or about to  be deployed to international civilian crisis management 
missions of the EU, UN, AU and OSCE. Courses included both pr e-deployment trainings for 
international missions in Libya, Georgia a nd Kosovo as well as specialization courses 
covering topics such as Human Rights, Rule of Law, Mediation and Mentoring. In addition, 
interoperability and harmonised training appr oaches between the 13  European consortium 
members of ENTRi were fostered and a pr actical handbook for civilians deploying to 
international crisis missions ("In Co ntrol"), was published in September 2013. 
Under the European Police Services Training  programme (EUPST), three main training 
sessions were conducted in 2013, respectively by the Spanish Guardia Civil, the French 
National Gendarmerie and the Italian Carabi nieri, building the capacity of 1019 police 
officers from 42 countries, including 19 African countries, to particip ate in international 
police missions.  
Natural resources and climate change: The "EU-UN Partnership on Land, Natural 
Resources and Conflict Prevention"  continued to strengthen the capacity of local CSOs in the 
African Great Lakes region to understand conf lict dynamics and devel op conflict-sensitive 
solutions to contentious issues related to th e management of natural resources. Through the 
Environment and Security Initia tive (ENVSEC)'s project on "Clim ate Change and Security in 
Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Southern  Caucasus", a strategic framework for the 
adaptation to climate change of the Dniester river-basin was developed.  
Early recovery, PCNA/PDNA: A post-conflict needs assessme nt (PCNA) and post-disaster 
needs assessment (PDNA) training session,  ‘Strengthening Cooperation in Fragile and 
                                                 
14 Afghanistan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Braz il, Chad, DRC , El Salvador, Guinea Bissau, India, 
Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Peru, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Yemen, Central America 
Region, South Asia, Southern region of Central Africa. 
EN 16   EN Conflict Affected Countries’ was held in September, attended by Headquarter staff and field 
level staff from the EU and UN. 
Disarmament Demobilization and Reintegration & Security Sector Reform:  AU 
capacities for Security Sector Reform (SSR ) was strengthened through a joint EU–UN 
project, implemented by UNOPS. Three SSR Operat ional Guidance Notes were discussed at a 
workshop in Addis Ababa in November, bringi ng together representatives of the Regional 
Economic Communities and civil society.  
At the end of the seven year programming cycle of the IfS Regul ation an external evaluation 
was commissioned to assess the impact of proj ect results of the IfS Article 4.3 Crisis 
Preparedness component over the period 2007- 13. The evaluation concluded that the IfS 
Crisis Preparedness component is an indispen sable element of the comprehensive EU peace, 
security and development architecture and should  be fully embedded into this structure. It 
found that the component allows the EU to addr ess conflict issues in the broadest sense and 
that individual projects have built or strengthened the capacity of organisations to contribute to peace-building efforts and strengthen the con cept of a community of practitioners. Despite 
a limited budget, actions supported contributed to fulfilling EU commitments related to 
women, peace and security and mediation and dialogue. Investment in civil society at 
grassroots level across 26  conflict affected countr ies/regions, has been in strumental in making 
some 80 projects relevant to the country contexts  and ensuring that they meet the priorities 
and needs, not just at country level but also  locally. The IfS Crisis  Preparedness component 
has been used to great effect in creating strategic partnerships, particularly at the multilateral level with UN projects, having had a signifi cant impact on EU relations with several 
specialised UN agencies.  
8. C
ONCLUSION  
IfS measures implemented in 2013, complement ing other EU actions under geographic and 
thematic development instruments, humanitari an assistance and CSDP missions, contributed 
significantly to EU efforts to help prevent conf lict, respond to crises  and preserve peace. In 
this respect, the wide range of interventions implemented under the Instrument for Stability enabled significant and visible EU responses wi th respect to many global crisis situations. 
Given the continuing political instability and increasing number of natu ral disasters in many 
parts of the world, it is imperative to continue working towards the more efficient and 
effective deployment of the available EU instrument s. In this context, the EU needs to ensure 
IfS actions are deployed as part of the full cycl e of crisis prevention, crisis response and peace 
building measures. The IfS provided the EU w ith a unique response ability, in many cases 
acting as an entry point and a catalyst to enable  a broad range of EU responses that combine 
to form the EU’s strategic and comprehensiv e approach to conflict prevention and crisis 
response. As cited in the Joint Communication on the EU’s  Comprehensive Approach, ‘ long 
term engagement in peace and state buildin g and long-term sustainable development are 
essential to address the underlying causes of confli ct and to build peaceful, resilient societies. 
The overall objectives of sustai nable peace and development must be  at the core of the EU's 
response from the outset – the EU must also  have a long-term vision for its short-term 
engagements and actions ’.
15  
                                                 
15 Joint Communication to the European Parliament and the Council: The EU's comprehensive approach to external conflict and cri ses: Brussels, 11.12.2013,  
JOIN(2013) 30 final. 
EN 17   EN In 2014, the IfS will make way for the new In strument contributing to Stability and Peace 
(IcSP). The consultations on the new IcSP have r eaffirmed the need for the EU to maintain 
and expand its capacity to provide a swift and targeted response to crisis situations elsewhere 
in the world as well as to global and trans-regi onal threats and emerging threats (fight against 
organised crime; protection of critical infras tructure; countering terrorism; CBRN risk 
mitigation). The new IcSP will also re-emphasise the focus on conflict prevention, peace-building and crisis preparedness,  recognising that an early res ponse by the EU can often be an 
effective means to avoid that tensions escalate into a crisis.