COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
COM(93) 530 final 
Brussels, 29 October 1993 
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION 
ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REFORM OF THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS 
- 1992 -
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FOREWORD 
This is the fourth annual report on the implementation of the reform of 
the Structural Funds as required by Article 16 of Regulation (EEC) 
No 2052/88. 
The report deals with all the major topics set out in Article 31 of 
Regulation (EEC) No 4253/88, stressing in particular the utilization of 
the budget resources available to each Fund and presenting a concrete 
assessment of their activities. 
Chapter I assesses the implementation of operations by Objective and by 
country. It also takes stock of the Community initiative programmes, 
innovative measures and technical assistance operations. 
Chapter II is devoted to budget execution in 1992, the role of the 
lending instruments (EIB and ECSC) in implementing the Objectives, and 
controls on the proper use of Community funds. 
Chapter III, finally, deals with implementation of the principles of 
the 1988 reform, but lays stress particularly on assessment work 
undertaken on the initiative of the Commission or the Member States, 
on the respect of the principle of additionality and on the role of the 
social partners. 
The Mid-Term Review published in February 1992 showed that encouraging 
results had already been achieved in implementing the operations 
financed by the three Funds. The main proposals in the Delors il 
package were approved at the Edinburgh summit on 11 and 12 December 
1992. This provided in particular for a doubling of the structural 
resources available to the four least prosperous Community countries up 
to 1999, priority for Objective 1, a major increase in the funds 
devoted to the other Objectives, a redefinition of Objectives 3 and 4, 
and an effort to deal with the difficulties faced by some coastal 
regions by the creation of a financial instrument for fisheries 
guidance (FIFG). 
Subsequent to this, the Commission proposed changes to the Structural 
Fund regulations, involving both the framework and coordinating 
regulations and the regulations specific to each Fund. 
All these regulations were adopted by the Council on 20 July 1993. The 
next programming period will run from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 
1999. 
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SUMMARY AND COMMENTARY 
Pursuant to Article 31 of Regulation (EEC) No 4253/88, the following 
assessment of implementation of the reform of the Structural Funds 
during 1992 can be given. 
The state of progress of each Objective 
One year before the end of the first programming period, the countries 
and regions covered by Objective 1 showed their determination to take 
up all the assistance originally allocated by presenting their very 
last schemes designed to fi 11 in remaining gaps (OPs, global grants, 
projects, etc.), and by making the necessary modifications to 
timetables in order to ensure total absorption of appropriations by the 
end of 1993. 
Problems still remain in Italy, in particular in connection with 
operations for which the counterpart to Community funds is being 
provided by regional governments. 
The programmes adopted in 1991 for the new Lander and east Berlin have 
for the most part run smoothly and according to forecast. The scale of 
the need for aid, however, led to a change in the allocation of planned 
payments between 1992 and subsequent years to shift more of it to the 
former. 
With regard to Objective 2, it proved possible in 1992, thanks to the 
extension of programmes, to commit the great majority of the 
appropriations allocated for the first programming period (1989-91) and 
to achieve a satisfactory level of payments. 
Probably owing to continuity in the priorities adopted for the 1992-93 
period and to the experience already gained, all the regions we're able 
at the beginning of the year to submit most of the operations they 
wished to implement during this second phase and thus arrived, by the 
end of 1992, at a satisfactory level of budget execution. 
In the case of Objectives 3 and 4, 1992 saw the completion of 
implementation of the CSFs covering the first phase as well as the 
establishment of the new CSFs for 1993. 
These new CSFs, which provide for an overall envelope of approximately 
ECU 2.1 billion, have as their main features the continuity of 
intervention priorities (basic training, second-level training, 
employment aid, aid for the most deprived persons), and the 
introduction of greater flexibility under Objective 3 so as to be able 
to cover persons unemployed for less than 12 months as well as customs 
brokers and agents whose employment situation has been affected by the 
completion of the Single Market. 
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Owing to the persistence of the problem of long-term unemployment, the 
relative share of assistance devoted to reducing it, within the overall 
amount of financial resources, has been increased. 
Operations under Objective 5(a) did not undergo important changes in 
1992. It seems that the various schemes had settled down or attained 
their normal activity levels. Compensatory allowances especially took 
on more importance, whereas investment on farms (approximately 50 000 
new plans) and start-ups by young farmers showed a degree of decline. 
In the case of schemes for the marketing and processing of agricultural 
products, the allocation of commitments between the various programmes 
shows that the meat sector is the prime recipient, followed by fruit 
and vegetables, milk and milk products and wine. 
Objective 5(a) schemes in the fisheries sector concentrated on the 
needs of the sector, particularly - in view of the crisis in fisheries 
- the restructuring of businesses and the improvement of health 
conditions and the quality of products. 
The coverage of programmes for environmentally sensitive areas and of 
regional programmes containing forestry schemes was widened with the 
approval of new programmes. These will be integrated into the agri-
environmental and forestry programmes envisaged as supporting measures 
under the reform of the common agricultural policy. 
As regards Objective 5(b), the programme implementation rate has 
accelerated but remains variable according to region. It is highest in 
Spain (120%)1, followed by France (102%) and the Netherlands (99%), 
whereas it is only 77% in Italy, the principal reason being the late 
presentation and approval of the OPs for some regions. 
Schemes mostly cover the following priorities: diversification of 
agriculture, development of activities outside agriculture as well as 
tourism and human resources, and environmental protection schemes. 
Schemes such as the promotion of regional products, the modernization 
of villages, major investment in the smaI I-business sector and the 
provision of regional infrastructure provide other valuable examples of 
projects with a positive impact on rural areas in decline. 
1 Some Member States committed moBe funds than planned for the year 
in quest ion. 
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This type of investment has, in general, expanded more rapidly than 
agricultural diversification or the development of human resources, for 
which devising programmes is in general more complicated. 
A large number of decisions were approved during 1992 to launch the 
operational phases of the twelve Community initiatives adopted in 1990 
and 1991. 
A new initiative called Retex, intended to accelerate the 
diversification of economic activities in regions heavily dependent on 
the textiles and clothing sector, was adopted in May 1992. 
The data on financial execution show that the Structural Funds had 
ECU 17 054 million in commitment appropriations and ECU 15 925 million 
in payment appropriations at their disposal in 1992, to which were 
added ECU 1 046 million in commitments and ECU 1 285 million in payment 
appropriations to assist the new Lander. 
The execution of these appropriations attained 99.2% for the commitment 
appropriations and 99.3% for the payment appropriations (100% and 96.3% 
respectively in the new Lander). Over the whole of the original period 
for doubling structural spending (1988-93), the grand total of the 
appropriations entered in the budget against the Structural Funds thus 
so far comes to ECU 52 419 million (at 1988 prices), in line with the 
figure provided for in Regulation (EEC) No 2052/88. 
The work done so far on assessing the macroeconomic impact of the 
Structural Funds in the Objective 1 regions shows that, in the 
depressed economic climate in which the Community as a whole finds 
itself, the relative contribution of Community assistance to economic 
development in the regions has increased. The Funds now represent a 
larger share of the investment made in these countries and contribute 
on a broader scale to supporting economic growth, which has been 
slowing down in recent years. 
During 1992 the assessment of forms of intervention and thematic 
assessment were both developed considerably. While the quality of the 
results in terms of estimating the impact of Community assistance has 
not always come up to the Commission's expectations, owing to the 
methodological complexities and the inadequacies of the data available, 
the thematic assessments on the other hand - which have given priority 
to the forward-looking and strategic dimensions - have contributed to 
guiding future priorities for assistance in a number of Member States. 
CONTENTS 
SUMMARY AND COMMENTARY 
CHAPTER I Assessment of the activities of the Funds by Objective, and 
of Community initiatives, innovative measures and technical 
assistance 
1. Assessment of the activities of the Funds 
by Objective 
1.1. Objective 1 and the new Lander 1 
1.1.1. Greece 2 
1.1.2. Spain 4 
1.1.3. France 5 
1.1.4. Ireland 8 
1.1.5. Italy 10 
1.1.6. Portugal 12 
1.1.7. United Kingdom 14 
1.1.8. The new Lander and east Berlin 16 
1.2. Objective 2 20 
1.2.1. Assessment of operations approved 
during the first programming phase 20 
1.2.2. Implementation of the CSFs adopted 
for the second period (1992-93) 21 
1.3. Objectives 3 and 4 27 
1.3.1. Implementation of the CSFs in 
1990-1992 27 
1.3.2 Establishment of the CSFs for 1993 32 
1.4. Objective 5(a) 36 
1.4.1. Implementation of measures concerning 
agricultural structures 36 
1.4.2. Measures to improve the processing 
and marketing of agricultural and 
forestry products 40 
1.4.3. Measures for the improvement of the 
conditions under which fishery and 
aquaculture products are processed 
and marketed 41 
1.5. Objective 5(b) 42 
Implementation of operational 
programmes 42 :* 
} 
_ /) c_ 
2. Community initiatives, innovative measures, 
technical assistance 45 
2.1. Community initiatives 45 
2.2. Innovative measures 49 
2.2.1. Article 10 of the ERDF Regulation 50 
2.2.2. Measures part-financed by the ESF 52 
2.2.3. Article 8 of the EAGGF Regulation 54 
2.3. Technical assistance measures 54 
CHAPTER II Budget execution in 1992, the contribution 
of the lending instruments to achieving 
structural Objectives, controls 57 
1. Budget execution in 1992 57 
1.1. Appropriations for the Structural 
Funds in 1992 57 
1.2. Budget execution in 1992 by Fund and 
by Object ive 57 
1.3. Trends over the 1989-92 period 60 
1.4. Budget execution of CSFs 62 
2. Contribution of the EIB 64 
3. Contribution of the ECSC 67 
4. Controls 70 
CHAPTER III Assessement of the implementation of the 
principles of the reform, the impact of 
Community assistance and the role of the 
social partners 74 
1. Implementation of the principles of the 
1988 reform 74 
1.1 Regulatory aspects of the principle 
of addi t ionality 74 
1.2 Verification of the principle of 
addit ionality 76 
1.3 Partnership at work 80 
2. Assessment of Community assistance 82 
3. The Role of the social partners 98 
ANNEXES 
ABBREVAT IONS AND ACRONYMS 
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CHAPTER I 
ASSESSMENT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FUNDS BY OBJECTIVE, 
AND OF COMMUNITY INITIATIVES, INNOVATIVE MEASURES 
AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 
1. ASSESSMENT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FUNDS BY OBJECTIVE 
1.1 Oblective 1 and the new Lander 
One year before the end of the first programming period, the mobilization of 
resources from the three Funds was high in all the countries and regions 
covered by Objective 1. The last operational programmes were adopted and 
the scope for adjusting and amending measures previously adopted was used 
systematically in all countries, making it possible to utilize 
appropriations to the full, enhance a large number of operations, and adapt 
to the situation on the ground. 
The table below shows that the rate of absorption of appropriations reached 
a high level at the end of 1992, at almost 77%. 
Objective 1 
Execution of commitments over the period 1989-92 as a percentage of 
the aid provided for in the CSFs adopted for 1989-93 
Greece 79.2% 
Spa in 80.3% 
France 76.6% 
Ireland 80.3% 
Italy 64.6% 
Portugal 79.2% 
United Kingdom 78.7% 
Total Objective 1 76.5% 
In a general context of economic recession and a reduction in overall 
investment by the Member States, the impact of the aid provided by the 
Structural Funds has proved to be all the greater and more positive in all 
these regions. 
A precise quantitative analysis by Fund and Objective is given in 
Chapter II, and figures for each country and Fund are provided in 
Annexes I.1 and 11.1. 
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1.1.1 Greece 
The year 1992 was a pivotal one for implementation of the Greek CSF in that 
it saw a consolidation of the excellent rate of implementation of the 
operational assistance already reported for 1991. 
With the exception of the Ache loos project, the last OPs of the Greek CSF 
were adopted during the year: three of these are multifund programmes 
(ERDF/ESF) devoted to "Improvement in the competitiveness of industrial 
firms and services companies", "Balanced development of tourism" and 
"Training in public administration". The "crash programme" to promote the 
intensive development of telecommunications is a monofund programme under 
the ERDF, although a special measure supported by the ESF for this same 
programme is provided for in the OP on telecommunications already approved. 
Two new EAGGF OPs were also approved, one comprising a package of forestry 
measures, the other olive-grove restructuring measures. In addition, two 
technical assistance measures were adopted in 1992, one under Article 7 of 
Regulation (EEC) No 4254/88 on the establishment of a programming framework 
for the period after 1994 with aid coming exclusively from the ERDF, the 
other on the financing of the action plan for regional statistics with Joint 
ERDF/ESF aid, as well as a "Technical assistance 1992-93" OP introduced on 
the initiative of the ESF to improve the mechanisms for identifying training 
needs and strengthening the monitoring, control and assessment system. 
Decisions under the Community initiatives Prisma, Télématique, Regen and 
Leader were also taken during the year. 
Amendments were made to programmes previously adopted by the three Funds, 
but the greatest changes made were to the ESF OPs "Training structures" and 
"Secondary education", making it possible to strengthen basic and continuing 
training for teachers in secondary education and for trainers and middle-
managers in specialized centres, and to develop new training programmes for 
technical qualifications. The "Agricultural structures" OP under the EAGGF 
was also amended. 
The favourable situation as regards implementation of the CSF was also 
reflected in commitments and payments. In relation to the total 
appropriations allocated to the Greek CSF there has been a gradual speed-up 
and, after the first four years of implementation, almost 80% of the five-
year total has been spent on the ground, with favourable prospects for total 
execution between now and the end of the 1993 budget year. 
The annual average rate of implementation for the new regional OPs increased 
from 60% to 100% between 1990 and 1992. 
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On aggregate, the appropriations already committed by the ERDF amount to 
79.3% of the aid provided for over the entire period 1989-93 (and almost 
103% for 1989-92 alone) and payments to 75.2% of commitments. The 
commitments made by the ESF during the four years 1989-92 represent all the 
amounts provided for in the CSF for that period, whereas payments accounted 
for approximately 70% of commitments. For all EAGGF measures (former 
regional measures and Objective 5(a) measures), the commitment rate for 1992 
reached 118%. 
As regards the IMPs, ECU 311 million were committed in 1992 and 
ECU 416 mi I I ion paid. If this trend continues, it should be possible for 
all the funds intended for the IMPs to be spent by the end of 1993. 
There are several explanations for this favourable implementation of the 
CSF: firstly, the execution of budget decisions taken by the Greek 
Government, the effect of which has been to ensure the part-financing of 
public expenditure linked to the Structural Funds, but also the joint 
Commission/Member State efforts referred to in the previous report (1991), 
which came to full fruition in 1992. 
The assessment also reveals the following: 
In the field of basic infrastructures, 1992 saw an acceleration of work on 
the Athens metro, with major decisions being taken on the organization of 
monitoring such as the setting up of the quasi-governmental agency "Attiko 
Metro" and the appointment of a project manager. 
Upgrading of the Athens-Thessaloniki and Athens-Corinth roads to motorways 
continued, whilst the Greek authorities are finalizing a master plan for 
road transport based on the crossing point of the north-south and west-east 
axes, most of which could be included in the next CSF. Furthermore, the 
"crash programme" should allow a qualitative leap to be made in the field of 
telecommunications and the digitiIization of the Greek network, the target 
of an upgrade to Community standards by 2000 being quite feasible. 
In terms of impact on the economy, the figures published in 1991 still hold 
good in 1992 (cumulative GDP growth being around 2.5%); the Commission has 
now launched a series of assessment studies on the contribution of the CSF 
in the R&D, transport and telecommunications sectors in the three Member 
States completely covered by Objective 1 (Greece, Ireland and Portugal) and 
on human resources in all Objective 1 regions. 
Other studies have also been carried out on CSF-assisted sectors considered 
to be the most important for the Greek economy (tourism, industry and 
services, transport, environment, energy, research and development), the 
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initial results of which should be known in 1993 and can serve as the basis 
for deliberations on the next programming period. 
1.1.2 Spain 
Measures approved in previous years have continued to be implemented 
correctly and properly while further decisions were taken during 1992 making 
it possible to achieve an almost 100% rate of CSF implementation. 
These related to a number of different measures involving almost ECU 202 
million of assistance (ERDF: ECU 190.15m, ESF: ECU 0.22m, EAGGF: 
ECU 11.04 m) adopted in 1992, comprising: 
under the ERDF: the "Comarca del Bajo Guadalquivir" OP, designed to 
improve the living conditions of the local population by means of 
job-creating measures. There are also seven large projects, each one 
for a specific region: Andalusia, comprising a contribution from public 
funds to the capital and guarantee funds of mutual insurance companies; 
in the Canary Islands, the urban renewal of the metropolitan area of 
Santa Cruz de Tenerife; in Galicia, with the "Canal de Eiras" project, 
and in Castile-Leon with the modernization for tourism purposes of 
urban facilities in the historic centre of Salamanca. The three other 
regions, Castile-La Mancha, the Autonomous Community of Valencia and 
Asturias will benefit from various schemes for the cleaning up and 
treatment of waste water as part of the "protection and improvement of 
the environment" priority in the CSF. 
Part-financing for aid schemes in the energy sector and a number of 
measures covered by Article 7 of Regulation (EEC) No 4254/88, ongoing 
assessment studies and sectoral impact studies were also approved in 
1992. 
under the ESF: two OPs as part of technical assistance. 
under the EAGGF: two new OPs, one concerning an improvement in 
agricultural production conditions in Mel il la, the other an improvement 
in banana production conditions in the Canary Islands and competitivity 
probI ems. 
Changes to programmes were also adopted during the year, in particular in 
the case of the ESF to enable appropriations for start-up aid programmes to 
be transferred to the "Escuelas-Talleres" OP, which has been highly 
successful, with applications outstripping available funds. By contrast, 
the major programmes of recruitment aid administered by INEM were little 
used since the legal framework anticipated in Spain when the CSF and the OPs 
were drawn up was not finally adopted until April 1992. As regards the 
EAGGF, reprogramming was minor with the exception of the OP on the 
abandonment of farming activity, progress of which has been unsatisfactory 
and for which the Commission has decided a major reduction in assistance. 
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Since applications for the financing of agri-food operations 
(Objective 5(a)) exceeded the funds allocated to the EAGGF, transfers were 
made from the EAGGF and the "Abandonment of agricultural activity" OP to 
enhance the application of Regulations (EEC) No 866/90 and 867/90 on the 
processing and marketing of agricultural and forestry products. 
Budget execution was particularly satisfactory. 
In the case of the ERDF, more than 78.5% of the appropriations for the 
entire period have already been committed (the remaining appropriations 
depend on programmes already approved or being approved), and the level of 
payments is also encouraging. 
Since 1989 all ESF appropriations provided for in the CSF for the four years 
1989-92 have also been committed and payments have reached 74% of 
commitments. The implementation of measures covered by the EAGGF has 
improved considerably. The OPs for the priority "improvement in the 
conditions of agricultural production, irrigation and land consolidation" 
and measures concerning the specific Community action under Regulation (EEC) 
No 1118/881 are progressing very well, leaving only a reduced amount 
available for 1993, and the other OPs have also progressed well compared 
with 1991. 
The four years during which the Spanish CSF has been implemented not only 
show that the initial reservations of the national and regional authorities 
vis-à-vis the programmes as a form of assistance disappeared but also that 
these are now recognised as highly useful instruments, where for the first 
time authorities from different administrative levels have cooperated in 
implementing a cohesive package of measures covering common objectives, each 
allocating the necessary technical and financial resources. 
The level of commitments is likely to confirm initial forecasts and indicate 
that, given their population size, some regions have received a greater 
concentration of aid, in particular Andalusia with 27% of the total, but 
also Castile-La Mancha (12.5%), Castile-Leon (11.3%), followed by the Canary 
Islands, Galicia and the Autonomous Community of Valencia, whereas only 5.2% 
of Community assistance has not been regionalized. 
The Commission has begun a study to assess the CSF in the field of human 
resources, as in all Objective 1 regions. 
1.1.3 France 
The CSFs for the French Objective 1 regions (Corsica and the four Overseas 
Departments) have been implemented by operational programmes adopted mostly 
in 1990 and by a major project approved in 1991, but a number of new 
decisions were also taken in 1992. 
0J No L 107, 28 ApriI 1988. 
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Principally these are an OP for the banana and cane-sugar-rum sectors 
adopted for the overseas departments under the Poseidom programme, with a 
Community contribution from the EAGGF of ECU 14 million in addition to the 
CSF, and programmes adopted under the following Community initiatives: 
Prisma for Corsica, Réunion and French Guiana, 
Télématique for Corsica, Réunion and Martinique, 
Interreg for greater cooperation between Corsica and Sardinia, 
Envireg and Stride for Corsica. 
The total amount of Community aid allocated under the initiatives was 
ECU 28.31 mill ion. 
Finally, the amounts allocated in the CSFs to technical assistance measures 
have been used both to extend the employment survey carried out by INSEE in 
mainland France to the overseas departments and, following the study carried 
out in 1991, for the preparation of a Joint computerized administration 
system for the five regions which should be operational from the first half 
of 1993. 
Although there were delays in approving all the measures, the financial 
situation at the end of 1992 was relatively satisfactory. Over the entire 
period 1990-92, ERDF commitments reached 54.7% of the amounts initially 
provided for, 21.2% of this during 1992; payments were approximately 44%, of 
which 18.7% in 1992. 
Implementation of the EAGGF aid budget is also satisfactory and in line with 
programming in Corsica and Guadeloupe. By contrast, a major shortage of 
EAGGF funds for the island of Réunion will probably mean that the Commission 
will propose a supplementary allocation to prevent any hiatus in the 
island's economic development. There are also delays in implementing the 
Leader CIPs. As regards the ESF, implementation of vocational training 
schemes has progressed in line with programming, the high level of 
appropriation absorption indicating that all the OPs will be fully committed 
by the end of the period. 
In order to facilitate implementation of programmes, to speed up the 
mobilization of Community aid and its disbursement to beneficiaries and to 
complete operations within the time limits for committing all the 
appropriations, the Monitoring Committees, in agreement with the Commission 
and the national authorities, have amended the timetables for some OPs. 
Turning to the IMP for Corsica, all Community aid from the Funds and from 
"additional heading 551"(1* was committed by 31 December for the entire 
period 1985-92, payments amounting to ECU 45.52 million (ERDF: ECU 30.33 m; 
ESF: ECU 6.24 m; EAGGF: ECU 8.95 m) and ECU 18.32 million for heading 551. 
(1) Adopted in 1985 to compensate for the problems faced by the 
Mediterranean areas of France, Italy and Greece as a result of the 
accession of Spain and Portugal. 
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The assessment reports on the Corsican IMP concluded that all the measures 
have had a major impact (in particular in raising the level of basic 
infrastructures and the development of human resources). The measures 
adopted and implemented for each priority within the CSFs indicate that, in 
the case of the overseas departments, priority has been given to measures to 
improve communications with Martinique, French Guiana and Guadeloupe, 
whereas the main focus of attention in Corsica was support infrastructures 
for economic activity. 
Compared with investments in improving communications and support 
infrastructures, Community assistance allocated to the industrial sector 
continues to be low, reflecting a degree of reluctance by the regions to 
give priority to this sector and the difficulty in implementing these 
measures, in particular as a result of the weakness of the industrial fabric 
in the regions concerned. 
Although the percentages allocated to agriculture, developing human 
resources and rural development are high in all regions, they do not appear 
particularly substantive and often reflect widely differing approaches, some 
regions having chosen to consolidate and modernize their traditional sectors 
while others have preferred to promote diversification activities. A large 
part of the Regis appropriations have also been used for these measures. 
With the exception of Corsica, where the older population explains the 
relatively small percentage of expenditure on vocational training, all the 
other regions devoted almost a third of the funds available under the CSFs 
to the development of human resources. 
As a rule, the measures under the responsibility of the regional authorities 
are better adapted to actual socio-economic conditions in the regions and in 
some cases implementation is better than forecast. For example: training in 
the craft trades in Guadeloupe and training in selling, commerce and tourism 
in Corsica. 
Out of the range of national measures, the success of the "modified military 
service" scheme for young people in the overseas departments, which already 
worked well in 1991 and which exceeded forecasts in 1992, made it necessary 
to increase its financial allocation. 
As already mentioned, the Commission has launched a study to assess the 
contribution of the CSF in the field of human resources in all Objective 1 
regions, including the French regions. 
Finally, while transfers from the mainland mean that no major conclusions on 
the macroeconomic impact of Community assistance in the five French 
Objective 1 regions can easily be drawn, the measures introduced are 
nevertheless helping economic activity, in particular in the building/public 
works sector as a result of the implementation of major airport, port and 
water supply projects. 
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As is shown by the implementation of measures priority by priority, 
productive investment aid, introduced gradually, has been implemented to a 
lesser extent than aid for large-scale infrastructures. Special efforts are 
being made to provide information and encouragement here. 
In general, the programme approach to Community assistance has helped to 
structure the local economic development effort and partnership between the 
various government and socio-economic bodies involved. 
1.1.4 Ireland 
Implementation of the CSF in Ireland was on target at the end of 1992. 
Some new decisions were approved in 1992, including the following: 
a global ERDF/ESF grant to be used primarily to assist local 
development initiatives, with aid schemes for business 
creation/development and vocational training; 
an ERDF technical assistance scheme in addition to the one approved in 
1990. It will be used to fund assessment of the current CSF and to 
prepare the next one-, 
a number of small technical assistance schemes drawn from all three 
Funds; 
a contribution from the Technical assistance innovatory projects OP to 
the ESF parts of the Rural development and Tourism OPs; 
Community initiative programmes for Leader and Horizon. 
The other programmes previously adopted under the CSF have progressed 
relatively well, and only minor enhancing amendments were made to take 
advantage of the flexibility inherent in the CSF process: 
the Industry OP is broadly on target. Although at the beginning of 1992 
a significant underspend was projected for the ERDF supported Science 
and Technology subprogramme, a new measure introduced to support 
industry-led R&D is proving very successful. The ESF-supported Job 
Training Scheme and Employment Subsidies Scheme were approved early in 
1992 but initial uptake on the former was lower than expected, 
principally because of the poor economic situation. 
In the Tourism OP, the reallocation between different measures (an 
increase in marketing and public sector measures) will ensure that the 
OP meets its expenditure target. 
In all, from 1988 to 1991 the contribution of tourism to GNP grew at an 
average annual rate of 9,5% (which is double that of GNP growth). 
Tourism employment increases have exceeded expectations: the average 
per annum increase has been 8% against a target of 7%. 
The financial implementation of the Water, sanitary and other local 
services OP is ahead of target and there are no difficulties envisaged. 
The 'Training infrastructure and training of trainers' OP was 
consolidated in 1992. This programme is an attempt to introduce a more 
standards-based approach to training and makes provision for the 
training of trainers of FAS (the national training agency), CERT (the 
tourism, hotel and catering training agency), the Regional Technical 
Colleges and the retraining of trainers in third level institutions. 
Steady progress was made on the Peripherality OP throughout the year. 
Although the EAGGF's contribution to the Control of pollution on farms 
OP was reduced in order to make additional financing available for 
Objective 5(a) measures and rural development, all the OP 
appropriations were committed and the continuation of the programme now 
depends on a new allocation of EAGGF financing and the time needed for 
scrutiny of applications. 
Implementation of the Forestry OP has been acclaimed in the industry; 
however, private operators note that when the aid is allocated, there 
is a difference in treatment between them and the quasi-governmental 
body in charge of forests. 
Despite some changes the Rural development OP is now on target, 
although the subprogramme relating to small and community enterprises 
got off to a slow start. It became clear that the full allocation of 
funding would consequently not be used, and a transfer was made to 
EAGGF measures. 
As for the programmes adopted before the reform of the Funds, the Valoren 
programme ended with the completion of the Bellacorick Wind Farm, Co. Mayo, 
and the Star programme was completed on schedule in October 1992. One of the 
many positive aspects of this programme was the significantly higher 
financial contribution from the private sector compared to that originally 
foreseen. 
In terms of financial implementation, public expenditure in Ireland amounted 
by the end of 1992 to 72% of all forecast public expenditure under the CSF. 
Total EC commitments amounted to 80.3% of total commitments forecast and 
payments amounted to 87.1% of total commitments executed. 
A number of thematic evaluations were worked on during 1992 in the fields of 
R&D, telecommunications and transportation (these for Ireland, Greece and 
Portugal), human resources including education and vocational training in 
all Objective 1 regions, tourism and the environment. The result of these 
will contribute to post-1993 planning. 
A study for the Irish Department of Finance funded by the Commission and 
completed at the beginning of 1993 suggested that a cumulative rise in GDP 
of 2.6% would be observed by 1992 (mainly due to demand-side effects), while 
beyond 2000 a long-term rise in GDP of 0.8% (due to supply-side effects) 
wouId be estabIished. 
- 10 -
1.1.5 Italy 
After the large number of setbacks in previous years, the implementation of 
the CSF for Italy in 1992 still met with persistent difficulties, in 
particular as regards payments, the problems being caused essentially by the 
programmes administered by regional bodies. 
Nine new global grant schemes were adopted for Italy in 1992, covering a 
wide range of sectors, in particular physical and financial services for 
small businesses (risk capital, participation premiums, etc.), enhancing 
cooperation between small businesses and the development of innovation in 
businesses, together with the development of tourism potential. They 
comprise aid provided exclusively by the ERDF, amounting to ECU 143 million, 
which should generate global investments of around ECU 334 million. 
As a result of decisions by Monitoring Committees, the Commission also made 
several amendments to programmes previously adopted, in particular the MGPs 
for Basilicata, Apulia and Sicily and the Development of agricultural 
products from the Mezzogiorno OP. 
As for the EAGGF, two programmes are still at the start-up stage since no 
commitments have been made since 1991 for a multiregional OP administered by 
the Italian Ministry of Agriculture and none has been made since 1990 for 
the OP for Abruzzi. 
In addition, during the year the Commission approved two Community 
transnational initiative programmes, one under Regen (Italy-Greece), the 
other under Interreg (Corsica-Sardinia). 
Commitments over the period 1989-92 ran at almost 65% of the amounts 
originally programmed up to 1993, while Community payments reached 66% of 
commitments, a figure higher than that reached in the previous year. 
On-the-ground implementation of the mult iregional OPs at the end of 1992 
indicates an average rate of national expenditure of 54% of the initial 
programming, the Basic Telephony OP with 97% of the programmed expenditure 
implemented being the most advanced programme, whereas the Tourism OP (65%) 
and the Research OP continue to be the least advanced. 
As regards the Community initiative programmes adopted under the ERDF, the 
implementation level is particularly low. Expenditure under Stride is 
almost 30%, under Télématique 16% and Envireg 14%, while the level of 
implementation of the Prisma and Regen CIPs, which were adopted late, is 
pract ically zero. 
- 11 -
The picture for regional programmes is varied. Whilst the average execution 
rate (ratio of actual expenditure to programmed expenditure) is 25%, it is 
40% in Sardinia, 39% in Basilicata and approximately 30% for Mo lise, whereas 
it is 26% for Sicily, 22% for Campania, 19% for Apulia and 15% for Abruzzi. 
Of these global grant schemes, only the preparatory activities (information, 
promotion, finalization of procedures) have been implemented so far, 
although there is a risk that this mechanism could fail if no solution is 
found within the central authority to the problems posed by the obligation 
for the intermediate administration bodies to provide financial guarantees 
to the Italian Treasury. 
Finally, as regards the fifteen IMPs for Italy, commitments rose to ECU 224 
million in 1992 and payments reached ECU 206 million. 
Although the absorption rate for ESF resources continues to be inadequate, 
progress in 1992 was better than in previous years, with an increase of 25% 
in 1991 over 1990 and of 40% in 1992 over 1991. 
The particularly difficult economic and political situation which marked 
public life in Italy in 1992 also affected the implementation of structural 
policies. Normal implementation of programmes was seriously hampered by the 
severe budget restrictions introduced to reduce public deficits. The Italian 
authorities experienced difficulties in finding sufficient funds to cover 
the national equivalents in lire following that currency's sharp devaluation 
against the ecu from September 1992. 
In some regions the frequent changes in the regional executive and the lack 
of contact partners also considerably delayed operations already started. 
The administrative difficulties and structural deficiencies of some regional 
authorities also had a negative effect on programme monitoring. However, 
some of these difficulties were surmounted following the introduction of 
technical assistance schemes (such as the financing of a seminar on the use 
of structural funds in Calabria, on the initiative of the three major 
national trade unions) and the introduction of a central monitoring system. 
In view of these delays, the Commission departments and the national 
authorities examined the state of progress of all programmes and checked 
possible amendments that could be introduced to prevent Italy losing 
appropriations allocated in the CSF. 
- 12 -
In order to verify the impact of Community assistance, during 1992 the 
Commission's staff also launched a series of thematic evaluation studies 
covering all the fields provided for in the CSF (water and environment, 
energy, R&D, industry and services, telecommunications and human resources) 
and important lessons have already been drawn. 
The positive aspect of the operations undertaken is apparent in all sectors, 
although this is measurable only to varying degrees depending on the field 
concerned. For example, the programmes whose main target is an improvement 
in water and gas supplies or an improvement in telecommunications are 
directly quantifiable, whereas the programmes on the environment, research 
and technological development will have a predominantly long-term effect, 
promoting tourism or attracting investments. 
Nevertheless it can be assumed that the Community contribution has been a 
catalyst in guiding and accelerating the implementation of measures planned 
long-term at national level. 
Urgent efforts were made to speed up operations under the programmes in 
general, with special emphasis on the regional operational programmes in 
those regions with the longest delays (Abruzzi, Campania, Sardinia and 
Apulia) and on certain Community initiative programmes such as Prisma, 
Envireg, Regen and Interreg Corsica-Sardinia. 
Completing the implementation of the CSF will without doubt be a major 
challenge for the Italian regions. The objective of utilizing the Community 
commitment and payment appropriations within the time limit will require the 
Italian authorities to give priority to the schemes part-financed by the 
Structural Funds. 
1.1.6 Portugal 
The CSF for Portugal is progressing without problems and the level of 
absorption of Community assistance is highly satisfactory. 
Several new measures were approved in 1992: firstly, under the ERDF, the 
road project in the Alentejo, as well as the PROFAP programme adopted on the 
initiative of the ESF and devoted mainly to modernizing the public 
administration and training its officials and, finally, five new EAGGF OPs. 
The most important covers compensation for the 1992 drought, followed by OPs 
on investment on farms, land consolidation and the cessation of agricultural 
activity, protection of the environment and animal welfare, and the 
restructuring of vineyards in Madeira and the Azores. 
- 13 -
The Azores and Madeira also benefited from financing outside the CSF and 
outside the Structural Funds under the Poselma programme comprising, among 
other things, an energy scheme (I.e. the charging to the Community budget of 
the extra costs of transporting mineral oil products to the islands), a 
scheme on craft trades (the promotion of vocational training, access to new 
markets in the embroidery and tapestry sectors, etc.). The Azores also 
benefit from specific agricultural development measures and Madeira from aid 
for the banana sector. 
On the other hand, a large number of amendments were made to the programmes 
adopted In previous years: the NPCI for the Azores and the Prodiatec 
programme, with an increase In the rate of assistance provided by the ERDF 
to 75%. ERDF financing was also Increased for the OPs Proter, Prodec and the 
Estoril Motorway project. Following a difficult start, the Clencla programme 
is proceeding we 11. 
The changes made to Prodep, a Ministry of Education programme, made It 
possible to increase ERDF aid, to increase the rate of aid provided by the 
ESF from 65% to 75%, and to Increase appropriations from this Fund by 
ECU 116 million to finance new training measures. There was a transfer from 
the ESF to the ERDF within the Podaeef programme, devoted to training 
structures and employment, In order to make It possible for training and 
education infrastructures to be added. 
As regards the EAGGF, the most significant reprogramming covered two OPs on 
the restructuring of vineyards on the mainland, land consolidation and 
cessation of farming activities. 
Using technical assistance, a number of statistical enquiries were also 
conducted on the labour market, control activities were carried out, and an 
audit of training schemes and Information and advertising measures for 
assistance provided to Portugal from the ESF were implemented. 
Three decisions were also taken on the Community Initiatives Leader, Regen 
and Prisma. 
Over the period 1989-92, the total amount of commitments was 81% of the 
assistance provided for in the CSF for the ERDF and 74.5% for the ESF. The 
rate of implementation for the EAGGF was also at a high level, almost 88% 
for Pedap (a specific programme for the development of Portuguese 
agriculture) and 78% for measures under Objective 5(a). However, the rate 
was lower for rural development (46%) given that most of the OPs concerned 
were only approved in 1992. 
- 14 -
Generally speaking, the effect on GDP in the regions whose development is 
lagging behind produced by aid from the Community Funds is a good indicator 
of the impact of Community assistance. In Portugal it is apparent that 
Community measures are of ever greater significance for economic 
development: for example, Community financial contributions represented 3.5% 
of Portuguese GDP in 1992 (as against 3% in 1991). This figure represents 
the Community's major commitment to Portuguese development. 
It should also be pointed out that public investments are being made above 
all in the sectors vital for the Community's development strategy: 
assistance for productive activities (in particular for SMEs), transport, 
R&D, telecommunications and the environment. 
As in the case of Greece and Ireland, studies have been made on the R&D, 
telecommunications and transport sectors as well as in the field of human 
resources (all the Objective 1 regions). 
As regards medium- and long-term impact, it can be expected that the 
investments in the CSF for Portugal will continue to increase Portuguese GDP 
at a rate faster than the rate of increase of Community GDP over the next 
few years. 
1.1.7 United Kingdom 
As it has taken time to generate the necessary local synergies, overall 
progress of the CSF is less advanced than hoped for and expenditure during 
1992 has been slower than originally forecast. Longer-term prospects are 
better however, as the foundations for the future have now been laid. A 
complication is the fact that the devaluation of sterling in the autumn 
produced an extra UKL 22 million (ECU 30 million) for which the Commission 
has asked the Northern Ireland authorities to draw up spending proposals. 
No new decisions were taken in 1992 with the exception of the programmes 
under the Community initiatives Stride, Télématique and Prisma and a few 
reallocations approved by the Monitoring Committee at the end of the year: 
the major transfers came from the Agricultural development OP and some pre-
CSF programmes, while the major beneficiaries were the Transportation OP, 
other pre-CSF programmes, Objectives 3 and 4 and horizontal measures. 
The inclusion of a gas pipeline in the Industrial development OP marked the 
most significant modification of 1992 in financial terms. 
Finally, the proposal for an electricity interconnector between Northern 
Ireland and Scotland put forward by the Northern Ireland authorities was 
examined by the Commission during 1992. A positive conclusion was reached 
early in 1993, which would involve consideration of the proposal for funding 
- 15 -
under the next CSF. This takes account of the long-term benefits of an 
interconnector in terms of costs, system security, diversification and 
strategic planning. The link to the Community's policy on trans-European 
networks Jias been stressed, and the project will address the need to 
overcome the peripheral and isolated nature of the electricity system in 
Northern Ireland. 
Progress on the programmes adopted in previous years under the CSF varied. 
For example, expenditure on the Physical and social environment" OP reached 
the level fixed in 1992 and the Urban restoration subprogramme was 
particularly successful in this regard, as was the community contact measure 
in the community relations subprogramme. 
On the other hand, commitments were at a lower level than provided for in 
the Tourism OP and the ERDF contribution was reduced. The subprogrammes 
giving most concern are those related to the private sector, i.e. "Private-
Sector Amenities & Private-Sector Accommodation", where financial packages 
for various projects have taken longer than originally thought to come 
together. 
Under the Industry OP, Community funding for industry in Northern Ireland 
represents a small proportion of public expenditure. This being the case, 
an effort has been made to target funding on "softer" support mechanisms 
such as research and development and marketing. It is hoped that these 
measures will give Northern Ireland companies a competitive edge in the 
medium to long term. 
As regards the Transportation OP, a mid-term review completed in June 
produced agreement to a reallocation of funds within the programme and also 
a bid for further funds. Many of the major projects - including those at 
Belfast Harbour, Belfast City Airport, Eglinton Airport and the Cross 
Harbour Rail Link - made substantial progress during the year. 
Implementation of the Agricultural development OP approved in 1990 
continued. Expenditure was slower than expected, mainly as a result of land 
amelioration measures. The poor economic conditions led to a decline in 
investment on those farms which used less Community aid. However, amendments 
introduced in 1992 offset this in part. 
A considerable improvement in the level of expenditure financed by the ESF 
was achieved in 1992 as a result of greater flexibility, which makes it 
possible to help all the projects under the priorities identified in the 
operational programmes, even if measures which are not very successful have 
to be replaced. 
For example in 1992 a new scheme organised by LEDU, the Small Business 
Agency, was launched called "Business Start Programme", offering a variable 
grant, business advice, enterprise training and on-going counselling. 
Qualifying criteria have also been reinforced compared with the allowance 
scheme it replaces. 
A new company development programme was lauched by the Training and 
Employment Agency, offering practical and financial assistance to 
- 16 -
companies to review their training and development needs and to address the 
deficiencies. This is more focused than the old "Job Training Programme" 
scheme of taking an unemployed person and placing him in on-the-job 
training. 
These changes centred on job creation suggest that the results of Community 
assistance in this field in the United Kingdom will improve even further, as 
the Department of Finance and Personnel, the authority responsible for 
implementing the CSF, has pointed out. 
Finally, the programmes adopted before the reform of the Funds have 
progressed as follows: under the Valoren programme all projects were 
completed by October 1992 and a final report was awaited of the programme's 
achievements. The Star programme saw the virtual completion of the 
infrastructure work, as well as the opening of a number of demonstration 
sites, where operations continue under the ERDF into 1993. An evaluation of 
the programme confirmed the potential for increased business opportunities 
in future. The non-quota Textiles programme is complete, leaving a small 
underspend. The non-quota Border Areas programme still needs just over ECU 3 
million to cover its total commitments. 
Public expenditure in Northern Ireland by the end of 1992 amounted to 68% of 
all forecast public expenditure under the CSF. Total Community commitments 
amounted to 78.7% of total commitments forecast and payments amounted to 
73.6%. 
At a more general level, the programming process has generally worked well 
in Northern Ireland and advantage has been taken of flexibility provisions 
within the CSF. 
1.1.8 New Lander and east Berlin 
In the new Lander and east Berlin, which became part of the Community in 
autumn 1990 and since 1991 have been entitled to Community structural aid1, 
radical structural change continued throughout 1992. The development of new 
production capacities and the creation of new jobs and activities progressed 
more slowly than anticipated despite the scale of economic support measures. 
There were two main reasons for this: firstly, the traditional economic 
structures and general conditions inherited from the planned-economy era 
proved to be too rigid and static to allow a rapid transition to a market 
economy. Problems of ownership, environmentally acceptable treatment of 
waste and deficient infrastructures continued to hinder both private and 
public investments. Secondly, the new Lander are also affected by the 
general decline in demand aggravated by a sharp fall in demand in the 
countries of central and eastern Europe, i.e. the traditional markets for 
the economies of these Lander. Several large-scale investment projects have 
already been reviewed downwards or completely abandoned. 
1 Regulation (EEC) No 3575/90, 0J No L 353, 17 December 1990 
- 17 -
In 1991, per capita GDP of the resident population was approximately 
ECU 6 000, or approximately 36% of the Community average. In 1992 it rose to 
some ECU 7 400 (or 46% of the Community average), this increase being due 
not only to the rise in production but also to a fall in population, now 
less than 16 million. In addition, account must be taken of the 400 000 
commuters who travel to work in the western Federal Republic due to the lack 
of Jobs in the five Lander. 
In 1992 the labour market continued to be characterized by a persistently 
high unemployment rate of approximately 14.8%, involving 1.2 million people. 
However, temporary job-creation schemes have made a major contribution 
towards absorbing almost 2 million job-seekers. If this figure is added to 
the number of persons officially unemployed, the total is 3.2 million of 
potentially unemployed or a rate of approximately 40%. 
Of the nine priorities in the CSF, the ERDF is involved principally in the 
first ("aid to infrastructures of economic importance") and the second ("aid 
for productive investment"). 
In the field of infrastructures, priority has been given to the development 
of new industrial sites, including the necessary distribution and waste 
disposal installations, the objective being to make it possible for new 
private businesses to relocate and thus create jobs or save existing ones. 
The second priority covers aid for industrial investment projects. In 
addition to the urgent need to create permanent jobs, efforts must be made 
to increase productivity and ensure competitiveness. According to the German 
authorities, which in turn depend on the information provided by the 
businesses applying for this aid, almost 3 000 projects with a total 
investment volume of approximately ECU 5 billion had been part-financed by 
the ERDF by the end of 1992. This should create approximately 67 000 new 
jobs and save almost 50 000. 
The number of investment aid applications has meant that the appropriations 
initially entered in the 1992 Community budget, which amounted to ECU 725 
million for the three Funds, had to be increased by ECU 560 million without 
increasing the overall envelope (ECU 3 000 million) in order to meet these 
needs. Thus, of the ECU 516 million provided for, in 1992 the ERDF 
committed ECU 489 million and paid ECU 635 million. 
Out of a total provision of ECU 1 567 million (at current prices) of ERDF 
appropriations, ECU 995 million (64%) were already committed by the end of 
1992 and ECU 888 million (57%) were paid out. 
However, various problems have occurred in implementing the OPs. 
- 18 -
In several cases the national authorities had allowed for ERDF 
appropriations to help finance major projects without obtaining prior 
agreement from the Commission, so subsequent corrections had to be made. 
The start-up difficulties encountered when the statistics on aid were 
compiled were not completely overcome in 1992 and in spite of technical 
assistance, the integrated data-base and evaluation system is not operating 
satisfactorily yet in the regional departments, which is hindering programme 
monitoring. According to the German authorities, delays in transfers of ERDF 
funds have led to temporary financing problems for the German 
administrât ion. 
However, the CSF Monitoring Committee, which met twice in 1992, did not 
adopt any major amendments of the CSF and the OPs, and the programmes 
progressed according to plan. 
Officials from the top-level local authorities of each of the new Lander met 
at two information seminars organized under Article 7 of Regulation (EEC) 
No 4254/88. 
In some Lander, training and employment measures have concentrated on weaker 
groups on the labour market such as young people without employment and the 
long-term unemployed, which are groups at risk of increasing considerably in 
the current economic climate. In other Lander the skill up-grading schemes 
adopted are mainly directed at persons currently employed or facing 
unemployment. Furthermore, each Land is attempting to introduce schemes 
specially adapted to the local job-market situation. 
In general, the ESF resources made available to the new German Lander were 
fully committed in 1992 and the planned measures are progressing 
satisfactorily. As a result of the efforts to provide information and the 
campaigns to increase awareness carried out in particular by the ministries 
concerned and by the technical assistance offices, a large number of 
promoters of vocational training and businesses have benefited from eligible 
measures, and all the partners concerned (social partners, training 
promoters and chambers of commerce and industry, chambers of craft trades 
and many individual businesses) are actively participating in the 
implementation of training and employment schemes, so successfully that more 
than 330 000 persons have benefited since 1991; more than half of these have 
been women. 
As a result of further job losses in 1992 and the very low level of 
investment, the various training schemes aimed in particular at the 
industrial sector made it possible for only some of the participants to find 
stable jobs. However, as regards the environment, and given the major 
importance currently attached to this field, a number of integrated measures 
were implemented, in some cases with a large number of people finding 
employment with qualifying training. The development of tourism was also 
promoted. 
- 19 -
The measures financed by the ESF have also helped to overcome a lack of 
demand for some skills (for example electricians, computer engineers and 
certain vocations in the services sector) or in some regions. 
However, all these results must be interpreted in the light of the 
characteristics of the labour market mentioned above, unemployment having 
increased in 1992 by more than 250 000. In this context, ESF assistance has 
not yet had the desired structural effect and has essentially helped merely 
to limit the deterioration of the labour market situation. 
Efforts made so far consist mainly in preparing potentially active persons 
for a future improvement in the employment situation and giving them the 
necessary qualifications to meet the new needs when employment begins to 
pick up again. 
As regards the EAGGF, no OP approved in 1991 was amended. The OPs progressed 
well and all the programmes received the first and second tranche for 1992. 
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt have already 
applied for 1993 commitments and the first advance payments. 
The regional schemes are progressing more rapidly than planned, in 
particular for village renewal. The result is that financial allocations 
fall far short of covering the priority requirements. EAGGF aid for the 
agri-food industry was also a great success. The modernization and revival 
of this industry were given priority by both the Commission and the new 
Lander. 
-20-
1 -2 Objective 2 
In 1992, assistance from the ERDF and the ESF to the regions affected by 
industrial decline reached the following milestones: 
completion of OPs decided during the first programming phase (1989-91), 
which had had to be extended so that the Community funds could be used 
in thei r ent irety, 
the launching of operations for implementing the CSFs for the second 
programming phase (1992-93). 
The table below summarizes the level of commitments to 31 December 1992, 
i.e. the completion of the initial period (1989-91) and the first year of 
the second programming phase (1992-93). 
Objective 2 
Execution of commitments over the period 1989-92 as a percentage of 
the aid provided for in the CSFs adopted for 1989-93 
Belgium 81.0% 
Denmark 93.2% 
Germany 78.4% 
Spain 76.1% 
France 76.0% 
Italy 86.8% 
Luxembourg 58.9% 
Netherlands 67.8% 
United Kingdom 73.8% 
TOTAL Objective 2 76.1% 
1.2.1 Assessment of operations approved during the first programming phase 
The 1991 report took stock of implementation of the programmes approved for 
the Objective 2 areas during the first programming phase (1989-91) as well 
as of financial execution; this showed that the overall budget allocated had 
been turned into commitments within the required time. 
To cope with specific difficulties or to take into account the fact that 
certain programmes were late in being approved, it was however necessary in 
1992 to make changes or extend the availability of funds to varying degrees 
according to the programmes. 
These transfers enabled the large majority of regions to carry out all the 
measures decided on and, by 31 December 1992, the level of commitments was 
therefore near to 100% practically everywhere. 
Although payments still remain to be executed, under both the ERDF and the 
ESF, 1993 should see finalization for the majority of the regions. 
-21-
A detailed quantitative analysis, by Fund and by Objective, will be found in 
Chapter II and statistical data by country and by Fund are provided in 
Annexes I.2 and 11.2. 
1.2.2 Implementation of CSFs adopted for the second period (1992-93) 
The decision in 1991 to roll forward the list of 60 regions eligible for 
Objective 2 until the end of 1993 enabled rapid approval, as early 
as December 1991, of the new CSFs and presentation by all the Member States 
of the majority of the corresponding operational programmes by the beginning 
of 1992. 
As already stated in the 1991 report, the new CSFs largely retained the 
priorities identified for the first programming phase but taking into 
account, of course, the experience gained over the three previous years and 
progress in the regions concerned. Between the CSFs for each phase, 
therefore, there has been continuity in the types of operation supported. As 
regards the ESF, both generations of CSF have set out to develop human 
resources, to promote the creation and development of new companies and 
productive activities, to support new technologies and, more broadly, to 
improve the environment and attractiveness of the regions concerned. 
A total of 87 programmes, divided between 20 ERDF monofund programmes, 
15 ESF monofund programmes and 52 ERDF/ESF multifund programmes were adopted 
in 1992 to implement the new CSFs. It should be noted with regard to the ESF 
that a small number of OPs forming part of the CSFs will only be approved in 
1993. 
In April 1992 Belgium adopted the three ERDF OPs for WaI Ionia (Aubange, 
Charleroi/Centre and Liège). While the first (committed in its entirety in 
one operation and already 30% paid) concentrates primarily on enhancing the 
attractiveness of the area, the others (30% committed and almost 15% paid) 
also stress the promotion of technological innovation, the development of 
transport through the air terminals at Charleroi (Gosselies) and Liège 
(Bierset) and improved conditions for the development of small firms. 
Three OPs were also approved by the ESF in WalIonia: one each for the areas 
of Liege, Charleroi and Aubange. All concentrate on improving conditions 
for the development of small firms through training measures and on the 
promotion of technological innovation. 
In Flanders, the OPs decided on for Limburg and Turnhout draw on resources 
from the ERDF and the ESF to provide priority assistance to small firms, to 
diversify activities and for vocational training. Commitments now stand at 
20% and 40% with payments at about 20% and 25%. A Renaval CP was adopted for 
the Sint-Niklaas area (Antwerpen) as was a Rechar CIP. 
-22-
Four programmes under the Community Interreg initiative were also decided 
on: three for the border between France and Belgium (Veurne-leper-
Kortrijk/Pas-de-Cala is, Champagne-Ardenne/WaI Ionia and Nord-Pas-de-
Calais/WaI Ionia) and one for the European Development Pole where France, 
Belgium and Luxembourg meet. 
Denmark presented two ERDF and ESF mult I fund programmes for the two regions 
(NordjyI land and Vest loi land) which had already had such programmes during 
the previous period. These were designed to promote productive investment 
in small firms. They are progressing as planned but, under the Nordjylland 
OP, demand for grant assistance in the technology development subprogramme 
was particularly strong. A redistribution of funds within the OP is planned 
to cover this demand. 
Germany: For the 1992-93 phase, six out of seven operational programmes or 
projects have been decided on. These account for some 98% of the total 
German Objective 2 allocation. Because of the length of the negotiations 
between the Commission and the regional authorities, the Rheinland-Pfalz 
programme could be decided only in January 1993. The measures in these 
programmes are essentially a continuation of operations under the priorities 
of the existing CSFs although the programmes also take into account more 
recent developments by placing new emphasis on, for example, military 
conversion measures and by stressing technology transfer measures in some 
areas. 
Priorities under the CSFs and OPs can be classified in two categories: 
general infrastructure to increase measures in the field of grants for 
private investment and specific measures reflecting the particular needs for 
development priorities in each Land. 
In all the Lander in the former West Germany, a major share is claimed by 
the reclamation of derelict industrial sites. Under the CSFs some ECU 46 
million (20.7% of ERDF resources) was reserved for them, principally in 
Bremen, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Saarland. Because of planning procedures, 
projects under this heading were often redefined during programme 
implementation with ERDF grants being committed mostly at the end of the 
commitment period. 
Another major share of ERDF assistance in combination with ESF measures 
relating to qualifications is devoted to support for small firms. Some 
ECU 138.4 million (ECU 125.7 million from the ERDF and ECU 12.7 million from 
the ESF) will be allocated to this sector in 1992-93, either in the form of 
investment grants or for the improvement of the business climate. 
In general, implementation of the Structural Funds measures is satisfactory, 
mainly due to the close integration of Community measures into the aid 
schemes of the Lender, to the German federal structure, which reinforces the 
subsidiarity principle on a regional level, and to close cooperation 
partnership between the Commission, the federal government and the Lender. 
Four CIPs were also approved in 1992: a Stride programme for the region of 
Emden and three Interreg programmes on the Franco-German border. 
Spain: Under the ERDF six national-initiative operational programmes were 
approved in 1992, five monofund OPs for the regions of Catalonia, Rioja, 
-23-
Aragôn, Madrid and the Basque Country and an OP in association with the ESF 
in Navarra. 
The priorities selected were the same as those in earlier CSFs, although 
more stress was placed on the development of productive activities, support 
for research and advanced training. 
For the first time in the declining industrial areas of Spain, the Navarra 
OP is a multifund programme combining assistance from the ERDF and the ESF 
within a single decision. 
The OPs for Madrid and the Basque Country were adopted, subject in the case 
of each programme to approval at a later date of the aid planned for a 
public-sector company. 
A single commitment was made in respect of the Rioja OP. 
The national measure corresponding to the OP for Cantabria was the only one 
which could not be approved at the end of the year because, since this 
region is not eligible for the Community Renaval programme, the Spanish 
authorities and the Commission agreed to transfer the amount allocated to 
this CP to the new national-initiative programme. 
Six ESF monofund OPs were also approved for 1992-93 (as compared with nine 
in 1990-91). The seven OPs in which the ESF is involved comprise a regional 
aspect and a multiregional aspect (in which national bodies participate). 
They support employment through a range of measures: retraining and advanced 
training for workers in small firms, training relating to the environment, 
telecommunications, research and development, etc. plus a number of 
assessment and monitoring measures. Two measures stand out: the 
establishment in Aragon of a permanent observatory to assess training needs 
at local level and to launch an approval process for all types of training 
and in the Basque Country the implementation of a training programme centred 
on the concept of 'integral quality'. 
The Renaval CP for the Basque Country and the Interreg CIP for Spain and 
France were also approved in January and July 1992. 
There were numerous contacts with the Spanish authorities over the two CSFs. 
However, while the regional authorities have begun to participate since 
1989, the local authorities do so only in the case of the sub-committee for 
the Basque Country, where in any case only the provincial authorities are 
represented. The social partners are never present. 
France: The 1992-93 CSFs were implemented through the adoption of 
20 multifund OPs and four major projects (three in the Nord/Pas-de-Calais 
and one in Midi-Pyrénées). 
The programmes provide for overall investment of ECU 615 million (ECU 501 
million from the ERDF and ECU 114 million from the ESF). The simplification 
of commitment procedures for programmes concerning only a comparatively 
small amount made it possible to take eight s ingle-instalment decisions. 
-24-
While the new OPs take account of experience acquired, the strategies 
employed reflect continuity because the French plans presented in 1989 were 
designed for five years. Stress has, however, been placed on investment in 
research and in secondary and higher education. 
The multifund approach was extended to all OPs and the technical assistance 
appropriations set aside in all the programmes enabled regional management 
cells to be established, so improving implementation of the operational 
programmes supported by the ESF. In the case of human resources, 
implementation of this CSF improved in the second phase, particularly in 
certain regions (Lower Normandy, Upper Normandy, Nord/Pas-de-Calais, Rhône-
Alpes and Midi-Pyrénées). The average implementation ranged from 90% to 
100%. 
Ten Interreg programmes were also adopted in 1992 to encourage interregional 
and cross-border cooperation with the United Kingdom, Spain, Switzerland, 
Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy and Germany.1 
Italy: Nine multifund programmes (ERDF and ESF) were approved during the 
last quarter of 1992, the draft programmes having been submitted late to the 
Commission (in June) because of difficulties in establishing the national 
public contribution. 
The programmes provide for Community assistance totalling ECU 183 million 
(ERDF: ECU 127 million, ESF: ECU 56 million) including the resources from 
the reserve provided for the Résider and Renaval programmes and the 
adjustments arising from application of the deflator. But as during the 
first phase, they also include substantial additional public and private 
financial resources. 
All these programmes provide for commitment in a single instalment. This 
simplification of the procedures initiated by the Commission based on the 
amount of assistance and the length of programmes, should in particular 
permit a better allocation of resources. 
As compared with the first-phase programmes, the OPs approved in 1992 show a 
certain continuity as regards development strategies and priorities but also 
some differences, the main one being the multifund approach adopted by all 
regions in order to improve the integration of regional development and 
training measures. Moreover, measures concerning further qualifications in 
the new technologies (and allowing innovation in firms of all sizes) were 
set up in 1992 only in those regions which felt the need during the first 
phase of implementation. There was also a general trend towards greater 
transparency in the selection of eligible projects through greater use of 
the system of calling for projects and the extension to Liguria and Umbria 
of a measure under which the ERDF could grant aid to small firms receiving 
ECSC/EIB loans, which had appeared in the 1989-91 programme for Piedmont. 
In the case of most measures, and in particular in all those under the ESF, 
part of the appropriations was also allocated to technical assistance to 
promote better management of the measures programmed. 
The Pamina CIP was financed from appropriations under Article 10 of the 
ERDF Regulation. 
-25-
Hence, technical assistance in Piedmont made possible a detailed study on 
training needs in the tourism sector and preparation of tailor-made 
"interfirm" courses to meet needs identified on the spot. 
A Stride CIP was approved for the regions of Veneto, Tuscany, Marche, Lazio 
and Umbria, as were two Interreg CIPs for the borders between Italy and 
France (Piedmont, Val le d'Aosta and Liguria) and Italy and Switzerland 
(Piedmont, Val le d'Aosta and Lombardy). 
Luxembourg: Despite adoption of a CSF during the first programming phase, 
Luxembourg did not in the end submit the corresponding OPs. The situation in 
the second period (1992-93) is different because, following approval of the 
CSF at the end of 1991, Luxembourg submitted an integrated OP covering the 
cantons of Esch-sur-Alzette and Capelien in the south-west (which also form 
part of the European Development Pole) based on four priorities: 
the improvement of conditions for the development of small firms and 
the search for productive investment, 
the rehabilitation of industrial land, 
improvement of the environment and faciI ities for the disposal of 
industrial waste, 
training, either continuous or in the form of intensive training 
per iods. 
At the end of 1992 payments totalled almost 30% of the funds allocated but 
it was too soon to assess the impact of the work carried out. 
Two CIPs were also approved during 1992: one concerned Interreg as support 
for the European Development Pole while the other, under Stride, was to 
encourage firms in the two cantons concerned to engage in technology 
transfer. 
Netherlands: To improve coordination on the ground, the Commission requested 
the submission of integrated operational programmes for the second phase of 
Objective 2 and decided in May 1992 to grant aid totalling ECU 98.4 million 
(ERDF: ECU 70.7 million; ESF: ECU 27.7 million) for three programmes: 
Groningen/Zuidoost-Drenthe, Twente and South Limburg, at an estimated total 
cost of ECU 263 million. 
The general aim of the programmes is to help the regions involved to 
strengthen the local economic base by ensuring that firms, in particular 
small firms, have at their disposal a range of financial and other services 
to enable them to prepare for the challenge of the Single Market. The 
results of programming for 1989-91 period show that the northern region 
(Groningen/ZO Drenthe) decided to give more attention in the second phase to 
the reintegration of the unemployed into the labour market, the 
strengthening of cross-border development and the environmental aspects of 
programming. 
In the north (Groningen), measures for industrial expansion and applied 
scientific research got special attention while in the south (Drenthe) the 
encouraging of "green" tourism in recreational areas (e.g. bicycle paths) 
was an important item. 
-26-
In the Twente region special attention was given to the allocation of 
measures to help small firms: measures have been taken to assist technology 
transfer from the University to small firms and Joint ERDF and ESF support 
has been granted for a project to provide training in new technologies. The 
problems concerning part-financing relating to human resources were also 
resolved. ERDF support was been provided for the construction of a business 
and science park near the University of Twente. • A second major project 
involves the development of a former textile area near Almelo railway 
stat ion. 
In Limburg, measures were taken to redevelop industrial areas and improve 
the socio-economic structure (increase of the logistical function), 
including infrastructure measures for the revitalization of city centres and 
Joint ERDF and ESF funding for projects to provide training for both 
employed and unemployed people as part of a nationwide programme to match 
training to business needs. ESF funding is also being used to assist an 
Institute which advises new entrepreneurs. Measures to increase tourist 
numbers in the region also received the specific attention of the Monitoring 
Committee. 
United Kingdom: 23 operational programmes under the United Kingdom 
Objective 2 CSFs were approved in 1992. In total they comprise ten 
multifund programmes and ten ERDF OPs to be accompanied by three ESF 
monofund programmes. 
In the Merseyside and West Cumbria regions, two integrated programmes were 
approved in place of four previously separate ERDF and ESF monofund 
operat ions. 
The new decisions approved almost ECU 1 billion of Community resources 
(ERDF: ECU 680 million; ESF ECU 266 million) and constitute a continuation 
of the measures adopted under the United Kingdom's first phase (1989-91) 
Object ive 2 CSFs. 
Existing prereform and Renaval programmes provided for in the CSF for 1992-
93 were not the subject of any new decisions in 1992, apart from extensions 
to the Birmingham and Yorkshire & Humberside steel area IDOs and approval of 
the Renaval CP for Merseyside. 
In general, implementation of the 1992-93 OP and Rechar programmes started 
slowly. By the end of 1992, very little of the resources advanced to the 
United Kingdom under the new programmes had been spent. A number of 
potential project sponsors were awaiting UK financial year 1993-94 before 
making formal applications for programmes so that they could benefit from 
the United Kingdom's agreed new arrangements on the additionality of ERDF 
grants. The Commission pressed programme management authorities to take 
steps to speed up programme implementation. 
Several CIPs relating to Rechar (11 decisions). Stride (one decision) and 
Interreg (Kent/Nord/Pas-de-Calais) were also approved during the year. 
-27-
1.3 Object ives 3 and 4 
The nine CSFs for Objectives 3 and 4, covering areas located outside the 
Objective 1 regions,1 were established for an initial three-year period 
(1990-92), with the finance available for 1993 being kept in reserve to 
allow for any adjustment of the measures part-financed to meet the needs of 
the labour market. 
The main features of 1992 were the completion of the implementation of the 
CSF for the 1990-92 period and the preparation and establishment of the new 
CSF for 1993. 
1.3.1 Implementation of the CSFs in 1990-92 
1.3.1.1 Statistical data 
By the end of 1992, commitments by the Community accounted for the bulk of 
commitments planned in the 1990-92 CSF (ECU 4 128 000 at 1989 prices) while 
payments during those three years totalled 80% of commitments. 
All the Member States demonstrated sound financial implementation of 
appropriations. However, in certain cases commitments for operational 
programmes approved for 1993 were made in advance (e.g. in France and the 
United Kingdom) and included in the 1992 statistics, while some Member 
States obtained an extension of some assistance to 1993 to permit full use 
of the CSF. These included Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Italy, which 
required an extension of ECU 130 million of the assistance planned for 1990-
92. The amount of appropriations unused is due to two reasons: the 
devaluation of the lira against the ECU (25% over the year) and the fact 
that certain appropriations were not completely absorbed, In particular 
those for technical assistance, for immigrants and for certain public bodies 
for which privatization proposals were made in 1992. 
In 1992 alone, the ESF committed ECU 2 156 million outside the Objective 1 
regions to combat long-term unemployment and facilitate the occupational 
integration of young people and approximately 1 500 000 young unemployed 
people and long-term unemployed received Community support. This figure is 
only an approximation based on forecasts communicated by the Member States. 
It covers measures of very different types, some very short-term (for 
example, advisory services and vocational guidance) while others support 
people over a long period (two to three years in the context of certain very 
comprehensive integration courses particularly aimed at those encountering 
the greatest difficulties). 
Measures to combat long-term unemployment and to facilitate the 
occupational integration of young people in the regions whose 
development is lagging behind were included in the five-year Objective 
1 CSFs drawn up in 1989. 
-28-
The information available shows that implementation of expenditure on the 
ground is satisfactory, but this has to be confirmed when the Member States 
submit requests for the payment of balances during 1993. 
1.3.1.2 The main priorities 
Assistance from the ESF can be subdivided under several priorities: 
(a) The importance of basic training: This accounts for 45% of Community 
finance in the CSFs for Objectives 3 and 4 for 1990-92. This type of 
training is essential for many of the long-term unemployed and young 
people who wish to re-enter the labour market but whose qualifications 
and basic training are inadequate. These measures often constitute an 
essential preliminary for more advanced qualifications, while making it 
possible to avoid the least stable jobs and smoothing the transition 
for young people from school to working life. 
(b) Stress on further training and the training leading to qualifications: 
Almost 20% of the sums available under the CSFs are intended for this 
type of measure, to which the ESF wishes to give priority because they 
improve the chances of the unemployed finding employment by providing 
them with the qualifications required by employers, especially small 
firms, in new production technologies, management and organization and 
methods. 
The situation with regard to the new technologies varies considerably 
from one Member State to another. In some these measures yield good 
results and have facilitated innovation. Thus in Spain, measures to 
introduce young graduates to new production technologies have sometimes 
had an international dimension, particularly in the financial and 
commercial sectors. Some of these measures have a very high 
technological content, like the training project submitted in Spain by 
the Training and Technology Foundation, which was implemented in the 
fields of artificial intelligence, graphics data processing and 
environmental monitoring technologies, to provide trainees with 
qualifications meeting the needs of firms. In other Member States, by 
contrast, the amounts allocated to training in the new technologies 
were too large and did not always match the population to be trained 
(e.g. in the Netherlands). 
-29-
(c) Aid for most vulnerable persons on the labour market: Objectives 3 
and 4 as implemented between 1990 and 1992 constitute instruments for 
combatting the exclusion from the labour market of the weakest sections 
of the populat ion. 
(d) The overall and individualized integration approach: For those sections 
of the population suffering from multiple handicaps, an approach 
combining measures of various types (assessment and reception, 
guidance, monitoring and social assistance, training, return to 
employment) appears necessary to foster occupational integration. This 
type of approach is increasingly being used in several Member States. 
One example is in Germany, where the long-term unemployed are assisted 
by the training centre of the Dtlsseldorf chamber for craft trades. 
There are three phases. The first concentrates on motivation, the 
acquisition of basic knowledge and assessment of the trainees. The 
second consists of an apprenticeship in the training centre and lasts 
for a maximum of three months. The third phase (five months) is a 
sandwich course combining on-the-job training with time in a training 
centre. Further training is given in fields identified by the employer, 
depending on the results achieved by the trainee in his post. A wide 
range of trades are taught, from crafts (baking, book binding, etc.) to 
the new technologies (electronics). 
(e) The importance of support for the occupational integration of the 
disabled: The handicapped suffer from a large number of disadvantages 
on the labour market. Their unemployment rate ranges from twice (in 
Germany) to three times (in the United Kingdom) the general rate, 
vocational training is often inadequate, there are often specific 
problems in travelling to work and employers frequently fail to show 
consideration. From the total appropriations allocated to combatting 
long-term unemployment and facilitating the occupational integration of 
young people, 10% (i.e. ECU 411 million out of the ECU 4 128 million 
for 1990-92), is devoted to training the handicapped. This excludes 
measures under the Community Horizon initiative and those envisaged in 
the Objective 1 regions. Assessment studies show that assistance from 
the European Social Fund improves the quality of local projects and 
provides part-finance for innovative measures and, especially through 
the Community Horizon initiative, the transfer of experience. 
Two examples: 
* a training scheme in France for the physically handicapped which 
combines several forms of assistance (pre-training, training, 
training periods in a firm, assessment and placement) and endeavours 
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to promote placements in local small firms and industries, while at 
the same time providing medical care. The sectors concerned are 
building, engineering, electronics and services. Each trainee 
receives between 722 and 3 360 hours' training plus a period in a 
firm lasting from three to four months. In all cases training is 
tested by a national examination (the success rate is currently more 
than 75%). On the basis of experience, all the schools which provide 
this training improve the contents, the methods or the organization 
of the courses (creation of specific branches, adaptation of 
training to meet the needs of individuals and of local firms). 
In the United Kingdom training for young blind unemployed people is 
being organized by the Royal London Society for the Blind. 
(f) Support for the employment of women in difficult situations: For 30 
years, from the first pilot experiments carried out in the 1970s until 
the recent Now initiative which gives priority to transnational 
measures of an innovatory nature for the occupational integration of 
the women, the ESF has regarded the promotion of equal opportunities 
for men and women as an important concern. Currently, 45% of the 
recipients of assistance from the ESF are women. In addition to general 
measures which concern men and women alike, the ESF supports specific 
measures for the most vulnerable women, for example those who have been 
away from work for a long time. These absorb 5% of the resources 
provided by the CSFs. 
The Commission wishes to give still further attention in future to the 
occupational integration of women and to their training. It has 
therefore included in the new rules governing the Structural Funds, and 
particularly the ESF, equality of opportunities between men and women 
on the labour market as a general principle of assistance. Moreover, 
the extension of the new ESF Regulation, adopted in July 1993, to cover 
Community finance for the home-care expenses incurred by people 
receiving training should be of particular interest to women. 
In Denmark, for example, a training measure on Fyn seeks to develop 
creative abilities in fields such as decorating, painting and drawing 
among women who have been unemployed for a long time and to encourage 
them to set up their own firms. The courses, which combine theory and 
practice, cover all aspects of business (organization of production, 
purchase of equipment, accounts, etc.). The results available show 
that more than 70% of the trainees found employment in 1992. 
(g) Aid for to the occupational integration of migrants: The CSFs for 
Objectives 3 and 4 in areas outside the Objective 1 regions allocated 
almost 4% of their financial resources for 1990-92 to this category. 
Almost all the Member States planned to carry out measures of this 
type. 
-31-
The measures are various. Some make it possible to preserve the culture 
and language of the migrant workers' country of origin (e.g. the work 
of Italian consulates to help migrant workers and their children, 
particularly in France, Belgium and Germany). Others seek to facilitate 
return to the country of origin. In such cases, measures are 
implemented: 
either by the country of origin: e.g. linguistic training and 
vocational qualifications for adults returning to Spain and for 
young people returning to Portugal or specific aid in Greece to 
facilitate the integration of children of migrant workers into the 
educat ion system; 
or by the host country, as in Germany where a specific programme 
seeks to facilitate the return of Greek nationals to their country 
of origin. 
Other measures seek to improve the opportunities for integration into 
the labour market of political refugees (Netherlands) and of ethnic 
minorities. 
An example in the United Kingdom is the Art and Printing project aimed 
at ethnic minorities from Asia, who constitute 26% of those without 
work in the area concerned and who have to retrain with other skills as 
a result of the difficulties affecting the textiles sector in which 
they worked. The training courses are aimed at first-generation 
migrants with multiple handicaps: few or no qualifications and usually 
inadequate command of English. Training is accompanied by counselling, 
help in finding a job, basic social and administrative skills (how to 
fill in a job application form correctly) and information on rules 
concerning health and safety at work. The skills acquired concern 
mainly the use of data processing tools for design and printing. In 
1992 these training courses were extended to other sectors 
(communications, horticulture, building, improvement of the 
environment, etc.). None of this new training could have been set up 
without financial support from the ESF, and 50% of the trainees have 
already succeeded in finding a permanent job. 
(h) Limited use of aid for recruitment or establishment in se If-employment: 
This is due to a number of reasons: choices by national authorities, 
limits imposed by the rules on financial support from the ESF for new 
permanent jobs and the small number of the long-term unemployed setting 
up their own firm. 
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1.3.2 The establishment of CSFs for 1993 
Unemployment, and especially long-term unemployment and unemployment among 
young people, is a recurring problem throughout Europe and for economic and 
social cohesion in the Community. More than half of those unemployed 
qualify as long-term unemployed and the rate among young people continues to 
be very high, at almost twice the average. 
The plans submitted by Member States and the CSFs established as a result 
have followed the lines of those drawn up in 1989. The plans preceding 
establishment of the CSFs were submitted by the nine Member States concerned 
at the end of June 1992. They provided a basis for the negotiations 
conducted within the framework of partnership between the Commission and 
national authorities which resulted in the establishment, on 6 November 
1992, of the nine CSFs for 1993 for Objectives 3 and 4 in areas outside the 
Objective 1 regions. 
The aim was to ensure a rapid transition between 1990-92 and 1993, while 
taking account of the most recent developments on the labour market. In 
most cases the information provided in the 1989 plans and the CSFs for 1990-
92 remained valid. The new CSFs are primarily extensions of those 
established for the initial period, but the experience gained from 
implementation of the operational programmes approved for 1990-92 was also 
used. 
1.3.2.1 Allocation of total funds 
In budget terms, ECU 1 762 million at 1989 prices (ECU 2 117 million after 
indexing to 1993 prices) was allocated for 1993 to Objectives 3 and 4 in 
areas outside the Objective 1 regions. This amount was determined on the 
basis of the indicative allocation for Objectives 3 and 4 for 1989-93, less 
amounts already "used" (i.e. 1989 commitments of amounts allocated to the 
Community initiatives and amounts allocated to the Objectives 3 and 4 CSFs 
for the 1990-92 period). The Commission decided to make an indicative 
allocation of this total figure among the Member States on the same basis as 
used for 1990-92. Analysis of the statistics available showed that the 
changes which had occurred on the labour market did not justify alteration 
of the original allocation of resources among the Member States, so that it 
was also possible to continue the existing forms of assistance. 
The allocation by Member State of the amounts in the CSFs established for 
Objectives 3 and 4 for 1993 is shown in Annex V.2. 
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1.3.2.2 Continuity compared with 1990-92 
As in 1990-92, the CSFs cover both Objectives 3 and 4 and comprise two 
parts: the first, which sets the framework for assistance from the ESF for 
the fight against long-term unemployment (Objective 3), and the second 
setting out assistance from the ESF for the occupational integration of 
young people (Objective 4). 
Each Objective includes four major types of measure: basic training, 
training for technology, recruitment aid and training for those sectors of 
the population which have specific problems on the labour market. 
The proportion of the training and employment measures intended for persons 
in difficulty has increased from almost 20% in the 1990-92 CSFs to 25% of 
the total allocation for the 1993 CSF, but it is not possible at this stage 
to specify the percentages of assistance for migrant workers, the 
handicapped and women because certain CSFs have brought together measures of 
this type, some of which stress the concept of very long-term unemployment. 
In Germany almost half the measures in the 1993 CSF are for persons in these 
categories. This increase is all the more remarkable since, in some Member 
States, it was decided for the new generation of CSF to allocate to persons 
in those categories a certain percentage of all the measures rather than 
planning specific measures for them. This was particularly true in the 
Netherlands and Belgium. France chose to target the 1993 CSF on exclusion 
from the labour market by concentrating measures on the above categories and 
on the very long-term unemployed. In the United Kingdom, 75% of the funds 
available in the CSFs is intended for basic training. In Italy, by 
contrast, the stress is on further training and the new technologies, to 
which half the total funds in the 1993 CSF is allocated. Three Member States 
seek to develop recruitment aid: the Netherlands (22% of the CSF), Spain 
(22%) especially for long-term unemployment (30% of Objective 3) and France. 
1.3.2.3 Changes to the CSFs for the second period 
Certain changes have been made as compared with the first generation of 
CSFs. 
(a) Still greater stress on combatting long-term unemployment 
In view of the increasing number of long-term, and even very long-term, 
unemployed, the distribution of resources between the fight against 
long-term unemployment (Objective 3) and the occupational integration 
of young people (Objective 4) was altered from 45% 
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for Objective 3 and 55% for Objective 4 in 1990-92 to 51% and 49% 
respectively in 1993. Aid for measures to combat long-term 
unemployment was increased in all the Member States, in particular in 
Germany, Spain, Luxembourg and the Netherlands (see tables in 
Annex V.1). This was also done in Italy where, however, the 
occupational integration of young people remains the priority 
(accounting for 78% of the financial resources In the CSF). 
(b) The search of greater flexibility to take account of conditions on the 
labour market and of problems relating to completion of the Single 
Market. 
This search for flexibility can be illustrated mainly by: 
the account taken of the particular situation of customs agents, for 
whom completion of the Single Market will impose problems of 
professional retraining. According to a study carried out for the 
Commission on the economic and social consequences of the abolition 
of intra-Community customs operations, 63 000 jobs are likely to be 
lost in this sector throughout the Community. The individual 
retraining operations will be made difficult by the general profile 
of the profession (very specialized and specific training and a very 
high degree of seniority). The Community has chosen to support 
national measures and provisions in a number of ways: since 1992 the 
ESF has been able to support vocational training and provide 
recruitment aid for customs agents threatened by unemployment in the 
regions and areas eligible under Objectives 1, 2 and 5(b). This aid 
was supported by that granted under the Community Interreg 
initiative and by specific measures outside the scope of the 
Structural Funds. Furthermore, on 6 May 1992 the Commission decided 
to regard customs agents who had lost their job as long-term 
unemployed as from 1 January 1993 so that the ESF could assist them 
under Objective 3 throughout the Community. When the Objective 3 
CSFs were renegotiated for 1993, stress was also placed on help for 
customs agents, who were most usually regarded as persons 
experiencing particular difficulties on the labour market. 
The possibility of granting derogations from the definition of long-
term unemployment over the period in question, based on the 
provision in the ESF Regulation permitting this "in specific cases 
to be decided upon by the Commission". The decision to make use of 
this derogation forms part of the growth initiative decided on by 
the European Council meeting in Edinburgh in December 1992. The 
intention is to grant the ESF greater flexibility and make its work 
still more effective in 1993. 
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The ESF Committee decided on this derogation on 19 February 1993 and 
the Commission approved it on 24 March. This decision will enable 
all the Member States, acting under Objective 3, to assist during 
1993 those who have been unemployed for less than 12 months but who 
are experiencing difficulty on the labour market because of their 
age, a handicap, or inadequate qualifications and who are in a 
geographically or economically unfavourable environment. 
(c) The strengthening of accompanying measures through technical assistance 
The assessments carried out have drawn attention to a number of 
difficulties in implementing Community assistance at the programming, 
monitoring and assessment stages. Improvements may be made to all 
these points through technical assistance. 
1.3.2.4 Approval of operational programmes and global grants 
Most applications for aid under the new CSFs for 1993 were approved as fr 
1992; there were 35 operational programmes totalling ECU 1 466.3 million. om 
The Member States and the Commission departments sought to reduce the number 
of the assistance operations in 1993 as compared with 1990-92. This was 
particularly the case in Spain and in Germany. 
It should be noted that, in addition to the ECU 7 243 million (at 1989 
prices) allocated to Objectives 3 and 4 in 1989-93, substantial assistance 
was planned in the Objective 1 regions for the fight against long-term 
unemployment and the occupational integration of young people. This 
totalled ECU 3.9 billion for 1989-93, or 40% of the resources for measures 
In the CSFs concerned with training and employment. This overall percentage 
conceals considerable differences between the Member States (see 1989 annual 
report). 
It Is, however, sometimes difficult in the less developed regions of the 
Community to distinguish between the training and employment measures which 
make up a regional development policy and those implemented within the 
specific framework of the fight against unemployment, and particularly 
within that of the occupational integration of young people. 
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1.4 Object ive 5(a) 
Objective 5(a) measures, which are applicable throughout the Community and 
which concern the adaptation of structures for the production and marketing 
of agricultural and fisheries products, underwent no substantial changes in 
1992. The various schemes appear to have reached a cruising speed or 
stabilized. The countries which have benefited most from the measures for 
the adaptation of agricultural structures and compensatory allowances are 
France and Spain, followed by Germany, Portugal and Ireland. The main 
beneficiaries of the measures for the marketing and processing of 
agricultural products are Spain and Greece, followed by Italy and France. 
Total commitments from the EAGGF for measures under the agricultural 
Objective 5(a) (both within the Objective 1 regions and elsewhere) totalled 
ECU 1 415.4 million in 1992, of which ECU 921.3 million was for measures to 
improve agricultural structures,1 ECU 398.5 million was for marketing and 
processing measures2 and ECU 95.6 million was for other horizontal measures 
(producer groupings, early retirement, etc.). The total was therefore 
increased by the latter measure and by the compensatory allowances. On the 
other hand, aid for investments in holdings and the establishment of young 
farmers declined somewhat. 
Although financial resources for the fisheries section of Objective 5(a) 
increased to cope with the crisis in that sector, the programmes submitted 
by the Member States could not be financed in their entirety. Commitments 
from the EAGGF Guidance Section for the marketing and processing of fishery 
products totalled ECU 81 million in 1992 and the principal recipients were 
Portugal, Spain and Italy. 
1.4.1 implementation of measures concerning agricultural structures 
Structural aid accompanying market management policy 
(a) Environmental protection and forestry measures 
In 1992, commitments for these measures totalled only ECU 11.6 and 
ECU 9.2 million respectively. 
Implementation of the programmes concerning environmentally sensitive 
areas (Article 21 of Regulation (EEC) No 2328/91) continued in 1992. 
New programmes were approved for three countries: Germany, the United 
Kingdom and France. These measures will be incorporated into the agri-
environmental programmes of the CAP in accordance with Regulation (EEC) 
No 2078/92 when they are approved. 
During 1992, only eight regional programmes containing forestry 
measures (Bavaria (Germany), Murcia (Spain), Liguria, Emilia 
1 Regulation (EEC) No 2328/91 - 0J No L 218 of 6 August 1991. 
2 Regulation (EEC) No 866/90 - 0J No L 91 of 6 April 1990. 
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Romagna, Lombardy, Val le d'Aosta, Apulia, Sicily (Italy) and Madeira 
(Portugal) were examined and approved by the Commission. They 
supplement and adapt national schemes for the regions. 
Apart from Belgium and Luxembourg, all the Member States have an 
effective mechanism for applying the forestry measures "Afforestation 
of arable land" and "Improvement of woodland." The maximum amounts 
eligible were increased in Germany, Denmark, Greece, Italy and the 
United Kingdom. An annual premium per hectare of arable land 
afforested was introduced in Germany, Greece, France, Ireland, Italy, 
Portugal and the United Kingdom. 
EAGGF expenditure grew steadily as implementation of the horizontal 
forest measures increased. In 1992, Community policy in this field was 
considerably strengthened through the addition of Regulation (EEC) 
No 2080/92 to the CAP accompanying measures. This Regulation, binding 
on the Member States, increased the rate of Community assistance, 
raised the eligible ceilings and broadened the scope of assistance by 
extending access to other beneficiaries and introducing new provisions. 
The afforestation of agricultural land is expected to increase as from 
1993. 
(b) Extensification of production 
In 1992, aid for the extensif icat ion of production as introduced in 
1987 by Regulation (EEC) No 1760/87 and incorporated into Regulation 
(EEC) No 2328/91 absorbed approximately ECU 5 million. Although this 
measure is compulsory, only Germany, Italy, France, the United Kingdom 
and Belgium have introduced it. Since it began, it has applied to 
approximately 300 000 ha and less than 400 000 LU. 
The quantitative reduction scheme, requiring a 20% cut in production, 
was better received in the beef/veal and wine sectors. The qualitative 
or 'production techniques' scheme has been used for arable crops in 
Germany, which also added organic production methods. 
Implementation of the extensification measures was extended until the 
programmes approved under the agri-environmental scheme come into 
force. 
Structural aid for farms 
An analysis of the allocations of commitments under Regulation (EEC) 
No 2328/91 on the efficiency of agricultural structures shows that the 
compensatory allowances for the less-favoured regions amounted to ECU 473.2 
million (ECU 459.1 million in 1991) and aid for investment to ECU 237.8 
million (ECU 194.7 million in 1991) while aid for young farmers at ECU 151.9 
million was slightly lower than in 1991 (ECU 157.7 million). 
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An analysis by Member State demonstrates in particular that the main 
measures under Regulation (EEC) No 2328/91, namely the compensatory 
allowance, aid for individual investments (Article 7), additional investment 
aid (Article 11) and the premium for the establishment of young farmers were 
applied in all the Member States, except Denmark in the case of the 
compensatory allowance because it does not meet the criteria and the United 
Kingdom in the case of the premium for the establishment of young farmers. 
The main item of commitments from the EAGGF under Regulation (EEC) 
No 2328/91 is specific aid to farmers in less-favoured areas. The trend 
noted in previous years continued and the Member States are aware that the 
compensatory allowances remain vital for farmers in mountainous and less-
favoured areas. The list of Member States in decreasing order of 
commitments is as follows: 
EAGGF commitments for the compensatory allowance 
(ECU million at current prices) 
Member State 1992 1991 av. 1987-91 
Germany 88.07 88.04 79.76 
Ireland 86.63 63.71 45.23 
France 69.27 73.27 59.81 
Spain 65.60 62.54 37.68 
Portugal 51.94 29.92 21.82 
U. Kingdom 39.57 44.16 40.35 
Greece 35.12 62.89 38.92 
Italy 31.91 29.84 23.95 
Luxembourg 2.46 2.32 2.20 
Belgium 2.41 2.21 2.35 
Netherlands 0.24 0.22 0.14 
TOTAL 473.23 459.10 352.21 
According to the latest data received from the Member States, the number of 
holdings receiving the compensatory allowance has been increasing regularly 
since 1976. In 1990, more than 1.2 million holdings received it and the 
figure for 1992 is estimated at 1.3 million. 
Investment aid, which is the largest category after the compensatory 
allowances, covered approximately 50 000 new improvement plans each year, 
fewer than in 1991. This fall seems to be due mainly to the unfavourable 
economic situation and the uncertainties surrounding the reform of the CAP. 
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Investment aid continues to play a driving role by facilitating the 
modernization and reequipment of agriculture while improving productivity. 
The list of Member States by commitments authorized for this measure in 1992 
is as fol lows: 
EAGGF Guidance Section commitments for investment aid 
(ECU million at current prices) 
Member State 1992 1991 av. 1987-91 
Spain 56.33 43.19 24.15 
Portugal 40.82 32.68 20.99 
Greece .38.42 34.07 16.68 
France 33.49 23.38 46.88 
Italy 20.87 15.24 11.74 
Ireland 16.40 15.03 9.85 
Germany 12.02 12.21 29.97 
United Kingdom 6.47 9.61 17.40 
Belgium 4.94 3.89 6.51 
Denmark 4.54 3.33 5.25 
Luxembourg 2.29 1.61 1.00 
Netherlands 1.18 0.49 5.67 
TOTAL 237.77 194.72 196.07 
Aid to young farmers, including the premiums and investment aid under 
Articles 10 and 11 of Regulation (EEC) No 2328/91, seems to have reached a 
ceiling in terms of overall commitments and in a rather unstable socio­
economic context. They remain an essential means of encouraging the 
rejuvenation of the agricultural population and ensuring that new farmers 
replace those retiring. 
The list of Member States by EAGGF Guidance Section commitments for this 
measure in 1992 (in ECU million at current prices) is as follows: 
Member State 1992 1991 av. 1987-91 
France 86.42 100.88 41.97 
Portugal 13.86 10.94 6.18 
Germany 13.68 11.48 7.10 
Spain 10.38 7.52 17.02 
Italy 8.25 10.88 4.47 
Belgium 4.67 6.00 2.90 
Netherlands 4.43 0.60 0.18 
Denmark 4.20 3.51 1.97 
Ireland 2.53 2.95 1.51 
Greece 2.08 1.62 0.60 
Luxembourg 1.32 1.21 0.55 
United Kingdom 0.13 0.16 0.97 
TOTAL 151.94 157.74 84.53 
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As announced in the 1991 report, aid for accompanying measures approved as 
part of the reform of the CAP (agri-environmental measures, afforestation of 
arable lands and early retirement scheme)1 will henceforth be financed by 
the EAGGF Guarantee Section. 
This type of transfer from the EAGGF Guidance Section to the Guarantee 
Section had previously been applied to the five-year set-aside measures and 
vineyard restructuring. 
However, in 1992 measures forming part of the accompanying measures will 
still come under the EAGGF Guidance Section. Expenditure on early retirement 
concerns only Greece and Germany. 
1.4.2 Measures to improve the processing and marketing of agricultural and 
forestry products 
EAGGF expenditure on the processing and marketing of agricultural products 
increased in 1992 although commitments under Regulations (EEC) Nos 866/90 
and 867/90 have fallen steadily as a proportion of total commitments since 
1987. This is true of all Member States except Germany. This expenditure 
fell sharply in 1991, mainly because it proved impossible to commit ECU 110 
million as a result of the late implementation of Regulation (EEC) No 866/90 
by certain Member States. 
The distribution of commitments shows that the meat sector is the largest 
recipient, followed by fruit and vegetables, milk and milk products and wine 
and alcohol. 
Commitments in 1992 under these two Regulations totalled ECU 398.5 million, 
approximately 83.5% more than 1991 (ECU 203.4 million at 1991 prices). 
Supplements to the CSFs were approved for the new Lander, Corsica and the 
French overseas departments; additions were made to the CSFs of other Member 
States. The various schemes covered by Objective 5(a) are of the utmost 
importance, especially for those Member States which do not receive 
substantial amounts of aid under the other Objectives. The reinforcement of 
the measures on the improvement and processing of agricultural products 
shows the need to continue the modernization of agro-industrial plant. A 
breakdown of the amounts committed by the various Member States demonstrates 
that it is the southern countries of the Community, led by Spain, which 
absorb the largest amounts. 
Regulations (EEC) Nos 2078/92, 2079/92 and 2080/92 (0J No L 215, 
30 July 1991). 
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1.4.3 Measures for the improvement of the conditions under which fishery 
and aquaculture products are processed and marketed 
1992 was the second year of implementation of the new aid scheme introduced 
by Regulation (EEC) No 4042/89 on the improvement of the conditions under 
which fishery and aquaculture products are processed and marketed. 
Several decisions substantially increased the Community funds originally 
allocated to this measure in 1992. First of all, the budgetary authority 
granted a supplement increasing the funds available for fisheries under the 
Objective 5(a) CSFs as adopted by the Commission in March 1991. This 
supplement was allocated by the Commission only to the Objective 1 regions. 
Secondly, funds for fisheries were transferred from other headings within 
the Objective 1 CSFs of certain Member States (Portugal and Greece). These 
internal transfers were carried out partly in 1992 at the request of those 
Member States and in agreement with the Commission. This raised the total 
allocation for fisheries under Objective 5(a) from ECU 58.2 million to 
ECU 76 million (at 1991 prices), an increase of 30.5%. 
Despite additional financial resources from the Community it was not 
possible to meet all the immediate needs of the sector, which were 
accentuated by the crisis in the fishing industry. Several OPs submitted to 
the Commission by the Member States had to be reduced. 
In all, the Commission adopted 14 OPs spread over two or three years. The 
vast majority of subsidized investments were made by small businesses. 
The OPs mainly cover the following fields: 
(a) Processing: 
rationalization and modernization of processing units both to increase 
productivity and to improve hygiene and health conditions; 
acquisition of equipment to improve control of the quality of the 
products; 
promotion of technological innovation; development of ranges of 
products and of new methods of packing; 
encouragement for the restructuring of the sector through progress in 
investments entailing bringing firms closer together and encouraging 
cooperation with particular reference to expenditure on research and 
development ; 
upgrading of the products of marine and on-shore aquaculture and 
quality improvement; expansion of the range of products offered to make 
better use of new species-, 
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introduction of systems to recover and reprocess by-products and waste. 
(b) Marketing: 
rationalization, modernization and equipment of auction markets and 
fresh-fish preparation facilities as regards the provision of 
refrigeration, hygiene and computerized management; 
improvement of techniques for handling and treating fish at the time of 
unloading; 
construction or improvement of cold stores for the storage of frozen 
fish; 
modernization of establishments packing shellfish products; 
construction or extension of storage and purification basins; 
construction and modernization of wholesale markets. 
1.5 Objective 5(b) 
The implementation of operational programmes 
With the approval of the last seven operational programmes in 1992, a total 
of 73 operational programmes have been approved under Objective 5(b). The 
financial envelope for Community assistance to the development of rural 
areas under Objective 5(b) is ECU 2 607 million for the period 1989-93 at 
1989 prices. The measures under Objective 5(b) concern 50 areas and cover 5% 
of the Community population and 17% of its territory. 
The average rate of execution for the operational programmes, relating 
Community commitments to appropriations for the period 1989-92, was 95.7%. 
In general, progress in the implementation of the programmes has been 
sat isfactory. 
By the end of 1992 more than 80% of the programmes were approved as 
integrated multifund programmes. This reflects the Community policy of 
encouraging the creation of synergy between the Funds in order to maximize 
the development impact in each of the rural areas under Objective 5(b). 
The assistance is concentrated on the five broad priorities of: 
diversification of the primary sector, 
development of the non-agricultural sector, 
development of tourism, 
conservation and development of the natural environment, 
development of human resources. 
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By way of example, the following describes the implementation of these 
priority sectors under Objective 5(b) in some of the Member States. 
Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg 
In Belgium the measures on agricultural diversification and the measures 
relating to the development of the non-agricultural sector progressed 
satisfactorily in 1992. However, difficulties were encountered in the 
implementation of the forestry measures. The resources for the monofund 
programme on the development of human resources were fully committed. The 
operational programme for Hageland advanced less in 1992. 
The Objective 5(b) programme in the Netherlands is proceeding at a 
reasonable rate while the small 5(b) area in Luxembourg is finding 
difficulties in absorbing the appropriations. The Leader programme in that 
area is, however, proceeding swiftly. 
Denmark 
The measures relating to the development of the non-agricultural sector were 
very successful, with a concentration of investments on small and medium-
sized businesses and tourism projects. The implementation of agricultural 
diversification and development of human resources measures, however, did 
not get under way till late 1991. In the course of 1992 they reached a 
satisfactory level of execution. The Monitoring Committee encouraged the 
adoption of an integrated approach to project design and implementation 
where possible. 
Germany 
In Germany, the village renewal schemes implemented by public bodies, but 
with participation of private investors, have been particularly successful. 
These schemes provide an illustration of an integrated approach. They 
included infrastructure projects such as restoration of natural water 
courses, restoration of public and historic buildings and the creation of 
leisure and recreation facilities. They also included agricultural projects, 
environmental schemes and landscape improvement projects. Investments in 
small and medium-sized businesses have in general been successful. 
Agricultural diversification projects and development of human resources, 
however, proved somewhat more difficult to implement. 
Spain 
After some initial difficulties in starting the programmes in 1991, the 
Spanish operational programmes reached a high level of execution in 1992. 
This was true for measures implemented by public bodies, such as 
agricultura1 infrastructure and village services, and for projects 
implemented by private individuals in the sectors of agricultural 
diversification and the creation of small and medium-sized businesses. 
Particularly encouraging were investments in rural tourism, arts and craft 
industry, small-scale food production and services. 
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France 
In France, agricultural diversification projects have provided opportune and 
economically profitable alternatives to traditional agricultural production. 
Typical diversification projects were mainly oriented towards investments in 
improvement of product quality and support for the development of 
agricultural enterprises. In the non-agricultural sector there was strong 
demand for investment support to small and medium-sized enterprises. Certain 
regions had already spent the total amount budgeted for ERDF activities in 
this sector by mid-1992. In the tourism sector the EAGGF supported agri-
tourism while the ERDF supported investments in the hotel trade and public 
tourism infrastructure. Integration of the development of human resources 
was encouraged in all programmes. 
Italy 
After some initial difficulties, four of the eight regions and autonomous 
provinces eligible under Objective 5(b) managed to achieve a faster pace and 
utilize a large proportion of the Community financial resources allocated. 
A great deal of ground has been made up in some regions but this is not true 
of OPs in three regions where implementation levels remain low. 
United Kingdom 
Progress in 1992 was encouraging across the different priorities and 
particularly in the case of the development of human resources, where 
between 95% and 100% of available resources was spent. Direct measures for 
the agricultural sector in this Member State are found only in the 
operational programme for Highlands and Islands in Scotland, where the rate 
of implementation accelerated markedly in the course of 1992. By the end of 
1992 agricultural enterprises were being established at a rate of 30 per 
month. Investment in the non-agricultural sector was concentrated on support 
to workshops, industrial estates and support to a limited number of advisory 
and business development projects. The development of tourism was a very 
important priority; substantial resources were committed to various tourist 
developments ranging from visitor heritage centres and tourism information 
points to the establishment of all-weather and interpretative facilities. 
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2. COMMUNITY INITIATIVES, INNOVATIVE MEASURES AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 
2.1 Community initiatives 
Background 
As part of the reform of the Structural Funds, Article 11 of the 
Coordinating Regulation1 enabled the Commission to act on its own and 
supplement the measures included in the CSFs by Community initiatives. The 
Commission decided to allocate ECU 3 800 million to finance twelve Community 
initiatives between 1989 and 1993.2 
Retex: a new Community initiative 
The Commission decided on 13 May 1992 to launch Retex, a Community 
initiative for the regions which are heavily dependent on the textiles and 
clothing sector. Eligible regions are to be helped to become less dependent 
on that sector through measures favouring diversification and modernization 
of SMEs not belonging to the sector. ECU 500 million has been allocated to 
this initiative for the period 1993-97 and for regions eligible under 
Objectives 1, 2 and 5(b). Implementation of Retex programmes has already 
begun. 
Implementation in 1992 
Rechar 
During 1992 eleven Rechar programmes were adopted by the Commission. All of 
them concerned coal-mining regions hit by severe mining job losses in the 
United Kingdom. Implementation of these programmes started slowly and, by 
the end of 1992, very little of the resources advanced to the United Kingdom 
under the new programmes had been spent. 
The Commission also approved the ESF part of a multifund programme under 
Rechar for the former mining region of Limburg, Belgium. The measures 
planned in the ESF subprogramme concern vocational training and wage 
subsidies, while special attention will be paid to disadvantaged groups such 
as the long-term unemployed, migrant workers and people with low 
qualif icat ions. 
Envireg 
Implementation of Envireg in 1992 in the Mezzogiorno (Italy) was very low, 
with the programme using only 14% of the allocated aid, while in the Italian 
Objective 2 areas it was implemented satisfactorily, allowing the commitment 
of the second tranche of the programme. In Ireland and Northern Ireland, 
projects continued to proceed very slowly because installation of new 
technology has involved extensive planning and environmentaI-impact 
assessments. 
1 Regulation (EEC) No 4253/88 in 0J NO L 374, 31 December 1988, p.1. 
2 Guide to Community Initiatives, Official Publications Office, cat. 
no. CM-60-90-240-EN-C. 
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For France, the Commission has approved the Envireg-Stride programme for 
Corsica. Under the Envireg part of the programme studies will be made on 
waste disposal and sewage treatment, installations for solid waste will be 
set up and schemes for the protection of regions of natural beauty and 
biotopes will be launched. 
Stride 
Implementation of the Stride programme in North Jutland, Denmark, has helped 
to establish several pilot network projects between local industry and 
research institutions. Implementation in Flanders, Belgium, has also 
proceeded well: Stride-Llmburg has committed almost half of the total 
Community contribution, while Stride Turnhout has committed practically the 
whole of it. In the Netherlands the Stride programme has committed well over 
half of the initial aid. 
Expenditure under Stride in Ireland was less than forecast as a result of 
the slow start of the programme. Nevertheless, a number of significant 
projects began. In Italy, as was the case with other Community initiatives, 
implementation of the Stride programme for the Mezzogiorno was very low-, 
only one third of the allocated aid was used. 
The Stride part of the new Envireg-Stride programme for Corsica provides for 
the creation and development of research centres, the setting-up of full-
range laboratories in educational establishments for science and technology, 
participation in international cooperation programmes of research and 
coopérât ion between research centres and business. 
During 1992 five Stride programmes were adopted by the Commission: for 
Emden, Germany, where the programme focuses on developing a technology 
which, using Chitosan (a product derived from shrimp shells), removes heavy 
metals from compost and sludge; for the Objective 2 areas of Italy, where 
the programme aims at the reinforcement of the regional research, technology 
and innovation capacity of the eligible areas; for Luxembourg, aiming at 
stimulating innovation in the cantons of Esch-sur-Alzette and Capelien and 
thus promoting diversification of the local economy; for Northern Ireland, 
where progress has been quite satisfactory, with all the selected projects 
up and running by the end of the year; and finally for Great Britain, where 
the programme will enable firms in the eligible regions to benefit either 
from direct help or indirectly through the expansion of existing networks of 
support and advice on technology transfer, research activities, product 
diversification and retraining. 
Interreg 
In Flanders, Belgium, implementation of the Interreg Benelux Middengebied 
and Interreg Euregio Scheldemond programmes proceeded well during 1992. A 
certain amount of end-loading is becoming apparent in the case of the 
Ireland/Northern Ireland Interreg programme, which operates across the 
border, but a considerable amount of momentum has built up, particularly in 
the more innovative aspects of the programme. 
During 1992 fifteen Interreg programmes were adopted aiming at encouraging 
cross-border cooperation. Three of them concern Nord/Pas-de-Calais in 
connection with Kent (UK), Flanders and WaI Ionia (B); Rhône-Alpes and 
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Franche-Comté, each of them in connection with Switzerland; Champagne-
Ardenne In connection with WalIonia (Belgium); France-Belgium-Luxembourg for 
the "European Development Pole" - EDP; a non-Objective-1 Inked Article 10 
Interreg programme for Italy and Slovenia, aiming at improvement of the 
environment and the strengthening of cross-border cooperation between the 
two countries; an Interreg programme for Germany-France-Switzerland, again 
adopted under Article 10 of Regulation (EEC) No 4254/88. intended to help 
border regions as they face the completion of the Single Market as well as 
to help these regions overcome their specific development problems; the 
Interreg programme Italy-Switzerland involving the Objective 2 areas In 
Italy, aiming at* the economic development of the eligible areas and their 
cross-border cooperation with regions In Switzerland; the Interreg programme 
Italy-France Involving Objective 2 areas of both countries, with its most 
Important measures targeted towards the reconstruction of the economic 
potential of regions affected by the elimination of customs activities and 
the implementation of local development programmes: an Interreg programme 
for the Pamlna regions between France and Germany, adopted under Article 10 
of the Regulation; an Interreg multifund Objective 1 programme for Corsica 
and Sardinia; a second Interreg programme for Germany and France (Saarland-
Lorraine-West pha I la), adopted this time under Objective 2 and Article 10 of 
the Regulation; and, finally, an Interreg-Regen programme for Italy and 
Greece, which provides fpr the linking of the electrical power networks of 
Italy (Galatlna) and Greece (Arachtos). 
Regis 
Most of the CIPs adopted in 1991 experienced start-up problems: 
The Regis programmes in Guadeloupe, Martinique and French Guiana and in 
Madeira suffered from delays which will have to be made up during 1993. 
Construction difficulties at the Sta. Qatarina airport have led to a 
particularly low take-up of aval(able.funds (6%) in Madeira. 
Similarly In Spain the Regis programme approved for the Canary Islands 
suffered some holdups but a normal rhythm was reached by late 1992 and the 
beginning of 1993. 
The Commission did not adopt any new decisions concerning Regis during 1992. 
Télématique 
In Italy, implementation of the Télématique programme was very low during 
1992; It used only 15% of the allocated aid, while projects under the 
Télématique programme for Ireland are now up and running and expected to be 
completed on or around the target date of 31 December 1993. 
During 1992 three Télématique and two TelematIque-PrIsma programmes were 
adopted: the Télématique programme for Northern Ireland, where 
implementation was slow at the beginning but Is now progressing 
satisfactorily; the Télématique programme for Greece, which was approved in 
the middle of the year and Is progressing well; and the Télématique 
programme for Martinique, which provides for measures promoting advanced 
telecommunication services In the region. The Télématique part of the 
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Telematique-Prisma programme for Corsica provides for assistance to SMEs, 
public bodies and communities in acquiring software and data-processing and 
data-transmission equipment in order to facilitate monitoring of the 
Structural Funds; similarly, the Te Iematique-Prisma programme for Réunion 
provides for the promotion of advanced telecommunications in the public 
sector and in private enterprises. 
Prisma 
The Prisma programme was slow to get started in Ireland, since approval for 
projects was not given until the second half of the year. It is expected, 
however, that the funds available will be fully utilized. In Italy the 
Prisma programme use of allocated aid was practically nil. 
During 1992 four Prisma and the two abovementioned Te Iematique-Prisma 
programmes were adopted: the Prisma part of the Te Iematique-Prisma programme 
for Corsica has only one subprogramme, which concerns the creation of a 
network of qualified laboratories, while the Prisma part of the Telematique-
Pr isma programme for Réunion aims at upgrading production-control equipment 
in firms as well as promoting and reinforcing metrology services in the 
region. The four new Prisma programmes concern: Portugal, where the 
programme will support certification and metrology services, enhance the 
competitive potential of companies and promote access to public procurement 
markets; Northern Ireland, where it will provide improved facilities for 
SMEs in the areas of calibration and testing; Greece, where it aims at 
helping the public and private sectors to cooperate with organizations in 
other Member states in developing techniques for improving processes in 
establishing production and quality standards; and French Guiana, where it 
provides for the creation of a centre of metrology for the certification of 
industrial products. 
Regen 
Under this initiative, the planned gas interconnector between Ireland and 
Scotland is scheduled for completion in October 1993; progress during 1992 
was on schedule and within budget. 
During 1992 one Regen programme was adopted for Portugal to support the 
establishment of a natural gas grid in Portugal, aiming at the introduction 
of natural gas as an alternative source of energy. The Interreg-Regen 
programme for Italy and Greece is mentioned under Interreg. 
Leader 
The Leader initiative, designed to prove the effectiveness of rural 
development initiatives undertaken jointly by the rural communities 
themselves, aroused considerable interest and aided 217 local groups, which 
were almost all able to start their activities in 1992 and which in certain 
Member States are already well advanced in carrying out their programme. 
The innovatory character of Leader explains certain delays in 
implementation, in particular in Greece and Italy, connected with 
administrative difficulties or obtaining bank guarantees (Germany, France, 
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Spain, inter alia); the progress of work now makes it possible to envisage 
payment of the second series of advances. 
The Leader network is enabling the 217 groups to exchange experience, to 
perform transfers of know-how and to spread the benefits of the initiative 
widely among a larger audience. 
Euroform 
All the OPs under this initiative were adopted in 1991. 1992 saw the 
beginning of the operational phase of projects on the ground. Euroform also 
benefited from a budget replenishment of ECU 30 million. 
At end of 1992, 652 projects had been selected under this initiative. 
Now 
As in the case of Euroform, all OPs were approved in 1991. Again, 1992 saw 
the beginning of concrete activities. Now received an additional total 
appropriation of ECU 55 million. 
By the end of 1992, 500 projects had been selected under this initiative. 
HorIzon 
The last OP under this initiative was approved in February 1992. As a result 
of the interest expressed in Horizon, its financial resources were increased 
by ECU 140 mi I I ion. 
By the end of 1992, 568 projects had been selected under this initiative. 
For the last three Community initiatives, the additional resources went to 
existing OPs but were not the subject of new aid requests. 
Two features characterize these three initiatives and distinguish them from 
assistance within the general framework of the ESF: a project approach which 
makes the qualitative content of the schemes more visible, and 
transnationality. The obligation to set up within the projects financed a 
partnership with a region under Objective 1 helped the national 
administrations to think transnationally, which they have done only in a 
marginal way in the context of the current CSFs. 
This dimension (which is limited for the moment to two or three partners) 
should be strengthened gradually, by widening the original partnerships. 
A breakdown of commitments by Fund and country is provided for each 
Community initiative in Annex III. 
2.2 Innovative measures 
Each Fund Regulation contains special provisions on innovative 
measures. 
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2.2.1 Article 10 of the ERDF Regulation 
Articles 3 of Regulation (EEC) No 2052/88 and 10 of Regulation (EEC) 
No 4254/88 provide that measures in the form of studies and pilot projects 
may be carried out to promote "regional development at Community level". 
According to the Regulations these actions should relate to: 
the establishment of a prospective outline of the utilization of 
Community territory and the spatial consequences of major 
infrastructures; 
the problems of border regions, exchange of experience and cooperation 
between regions, and innovative measures. 
Measures under Article 10 can be applied across the Community as a whole, 
thus providing essential links between the areas covered by the priority 
Objectives of the 1988 reform of the Funds and others. 
Since the reform, innovative measures have been introduced in four main 
fields: 
spatial planning, 
cross-border cooperation, 
cooperation between regions and cities, and 
urban issues. 
Measures under Article 10 were expected to represent 1% of ERDF 
appropriations over the five-year period 1989-92, that is to say ECU 388 
million at 1989 prices. By the end of 1992 a total of ECU 275 million had 
been committed under Article 10 for studies and pilot projects. 
(a) Spatial planning: Europe 2000 
1992 saw the completion of work begun in 1989-90 and the compilation of a 
new work programme for 1993-94. The informal Committee on Spatial 
Development met for the first time on 10 April and discussed its 
organization and operation, the results of the horizontal studies and 
preparations for the fourth informal meeting of Ministers tor Regional 
Policy and Planning. A second meeting of this Committee was held on 19-
20 November. The main item of discussion was the "Europe 2000" work 
programme for the period 1993-94, aiming at the publication around mid-94 of 
a second Commission communication on the future development of the 
Community's territory, oriented towards four priorities: 
the completion of the transregional and external impact studies; 
the elaboration of a set of themes for further research; 
the establishment of an integrated system of geographical and socio­
economic data; 
the consolidation of cooperation with Member States, regional and local 
authorities and other actors on spatial planning issues. 
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The final reports of the horizontal studies on: 
urbanization and functions of cities in the European Community, 
the regional impact of the Channel tunnel, 
new location factors for mobile investment in Europe, 
were published, while the draft final reports on "Evolution of Atlantic 
Regions", "Western Mediterranean Evolution" and "Southern and Eastern 
Mediterranean Impact" were completed. 
(b) Cross-border cooperation 
While in 1989 most of the funds allocated under Article 10 of the ERDF 
Regulation for cross-border cooperation were used to finance studies and 
pilot projects relating to cooperation between border regions of the 
Community, in 1990 emphasis shifted towards preparing the Interreg 
initiative; most of the Article 10 funds under this heading were then 
devoted to supporting pilot projects in border regions not eligible for 
Interreg support under Objectives 1, 2 or 5(b). 
During the two years that followed, 1991 and 1992, most of the effort was 
directed towards the preparation, negotiation and monitoring of Interreg 
operational programmes, resulting in the use of Article 10 funds in 25 out 
of 31 programmes and bringing the total Community contribution to Interreg 
to ECU 1 034 million, of which ECU 114 million fall under Article 10 (1992 
prices). 
(c) Interregional cooperation 
The regional network programme started on an experimental basis in 1990 with 
12 network pilot projects. Following review of these networks, the Recite 
programme was launched in the summer of 1991 aiming at the promotion of 
concrete cooperation between regions and cities throughout the Community. In 
response to the Recite call for projects, 229 applications were received and 
in December 1991 21 projects were selected to be financed with a budget of 
ECU 34 million. These projects should give the Commission a good base for 
experimental measures to help assess which forms of interregional 
cooperation are most effective in contributing to the overall objective of 
economic and social cohesion. 
In 1992 an external agency, the "Recite Office", was set up to assist the 
functioning of networks of interregional cooperation. Their role is one of 
providing technical assistance through follow-up and monitoring. 
The International Conference on Interregional Cooperation, held in Brussels 
on 14 and 15 December 1992, brought together for the first time over 1000 
actors in this field of activity. The Conference allowed delegates to make a 
first assessment of Interreg I and Recite and to look at the future. 
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Finally, mention should be made of the fact that links with the regions and 
cities of some central and eastern European countries have been strengthened 
further through the new network ECOS, which complements the Ouverture 
programme launched in December 1991. in 1992 the Commission encouraged 
cooperation between the two programmes, allowing more than 350 territorial 
authorities to cooperate in this field of activity. 
(d) Urban pi lot projects 
The years prior to 1992 saw the introduction of three kinds of pilot 
projects relating to: -*'m ^ni?? 
economic development of regions with social problems; 
environmental measures linked to economic goals; 
economic revita Iization of historic centres. 
In 1992 three new projects (Bremen, Groningen and Paisley) were added in the 
first of these categories and one (Genoa) in the last category, while a new 
category has been introduced: "The exploitation of technological assets of 
urban areas". Under this heading, four projects have been initiated in 
Bordeaux, Montpellier, Toulouse and Venice. 
Exchange of experience with other cities is included in all projects as an 
essential element allowing the dissemination of information on the results 
and the best use of the lessons emerging from these pilot projects. 
2.2.2 Measures part-financed by the ESF1 
Innovative measures are making it possible to try out new ways of combatting 
unemployment and new methods of vocational training and job creation. It is 
very important to encourage them in a period of high unemployment and 
significant changes on the labour market. 
This kind of assistance involves the content of vocational training courses 
as well as their methodology or organization as such. They are part-financed 
by the ESF, either within the CSFs or outside them. For the record, more 
than 3% of the annual budget from the ESF is devoted to such measures (as 
well as to technical assistance and to measures implemented as part of the 
social dialogue). Very often, too, measures of this type are financed within 
more general programmes which are not specifically innovative. 
The innovative measures cover a wide variety of fields, as the following 
examples show: 
a) Objective 1 regions: 
Measures in Ireland to support in-house training through the "Job 
Training Scheme" (JTS), which has two purposes: to encourage firms to 
train young people looking for a job and to ensure that in-house 
training leads to recognized qualifications. The national vocational 
training authority (FAS) is responsible for cooperation with the firms 
concerned. 
Article 1(2) of Regulation (EEC) No 4255/88. 
-53-
Even though forecasts were too ambitious (in particular because of the 
deterioration in the economic situation and the lack of structures to 
support the mechanism within firms), the JTS should provide a first 
stage in the gradual establishment of a system of on-going in-house 
vocational training, which currently exists in Ireland only in the 
fairly limited field of apprenticeship; 
Training of young unemployed teachers in Greece using new teaching 
techniques such as the production and use of comic strips. This 
measure has helped appreciably to increase trainees' chances of finding 
employment, either in education using multimedia techniques, in the 
production of educational programmes using comic strips and in 
television or the production of advertising spots; 
Training in risk management for young unemployed graduates in Greece, 
in firms and combining theory and practical work. The programme 
includes analysis of the working environment, as well as study of the 
location and various sources of risk to firms and the prevention and 
hand Iing of r isks. 
This measure has also been carried out in Belgium, in collaboration 
with a Belgian training body and eight major European firms, so that it 
has had a multiplier effect. 
Most young people to have received this training have been recruited 
and now work as advisers in risk management in various firms. 
(b) Outside Objective 1 regions: in particular in Germany, with vocational 
training for patients in psychiatric care: a special method under the 
PAS project was tested with support from the ESF involving patients at 
a Bremen psychiatric clinic, who were given job training alongside 
therapy. 
The experiment showed that the development of social skills was as 
important for the success of vocational rehabilitation as the 
acquisition of specific vocational qualifications. 
(c) Throughout the Community: the EuroquaIification programme 
The aim of the transnational EuroquaI ification programme is to promote 
partnership between 13 national bodies, eight of them public, all of 
which undertake a substantial body of work in promoting vocational 
training leading to qualifications in the Member States. It involves 
vocational training for new qualifications in some fifty trades and 
should permit the development of cross-border exchanges of experience 
and joint projects. There are 6 000 trainees. Belgium submitted an 
application for assistance on behalf of ten Member States (the 
Netherlands and the United Kingdom1 take part in the EuroquaI ification 
programme under the Euroform Community initiative). The Commission 
In 1993 Italy made the same option. 
-54-
decided to make a global grant of ECU 67.94 million (towards a total 
cost of ECU 101 697 000) to the 'a.s.b.l. EuroquaI ification', which is 
the intermediate body managing this programme. 
2.2.3 Article 8 of the EAGGF Regulation (pilot and demonstration 
projects)1 
Under this Article, 41 projects were financed during 1992 at a total cost 
of ECU 22.6 million. 6„j^ fc. 
This financial contribution was used mainly to assist the conversion of 
European agriculture by encouraging new alternatives in land use, 
environmental protection, the reduction of production costs and the 
improvement of product quality. 
Community aid was principally for pilot and demonstration projects such as 
conversion towards non-food production, the safeguarding of wild animals 
and woodland, the implementation of new production systems (decorative and 
forest plants, tropical fruit, new plant varieties, etc.), the introduction 
of a demonstration and training network to reduce the use of plant health 
product inputs, the development of organic and integrated agriculture, the 
demonstration of environmental and economic recovery techniques for 
abandoned and run-down land in Mediterranean areas and the dissemination of 
production systems with a reduced impact on the environment. 
2.3 Technical assistance measures2 
Technical assistance, whose prime aim is to help with the implementation or 
improve the effectiveness of structural assistance, has been used widely 
since 1989 and has been applied through measures of two types, those taken 
on the initiative of the Commission and those taken on the initiative of 
Member states, which account for the bulk of measures, whether for the 
preparation or implementation of CSFs and OPs, or to ensure operation of 
the mechanisms for monitoring and assessment, or to provide information for 
those involved in local and regional development. 
In 1992, which was a significant year for the Objective 2 areas because of 
the entry into force of the new CSFs, there was a growing number of calls 
on the resources available under the CSFs for technical assistance. This 
trend was also apparent in the number and volume of programmes and projects 
for technical assistance submitted under Objective 1. 
In the case of Objective 2, it was the French areas which set aside larger 
sums for 1992-93 than they had done between 1989 and 1991. 
1 Article 8 of Regulation (EEC) No 4256/88. 
2 Article 7 of Regulation (EEC) No 4254/88 in the case of the ERDF. 
Article 1(2) of Regulation (EEC) No 4255/88 in the case of the ESF. 
Article 8 of Regulation (EEC) No 4256/88 in the case of the EAGGF 
Guidance Sect ion. 
-55-
Of the measures adopted In 1992, special mention should be made of a number 
of projects or programmes designed to computerize data on the regional 
policies of the Community or to improve regional statistics. The ERDF 
financed several projects of this type In Spain, Greece and Portugal under 
the extension of the Preder programme. 
The ESF provided assistance In Italy (Plemonte) and in Spain (Aragon), where 
technical assistance was used to Improve training and employment structures. 
INEM set up a permanent observatory and a programme for the approval and 
assessment of the work done by training centres. This launched a process of 
rationalization of the management of vocational training which stressed a 
regional Ized approach, including assessment of current management procedures 
and proposals for measures to make management more effective. This method 
will most likely be applied In future to cooperation between the various 
training centres and INEM. 
In France, technical assistance made It possible to hire further contract 
staff to undertake the management and monitoring of measures at regional and 
local level. In the French Objective 2 areas, most of the communication and 
information measures about ESF assistance aimed at the general public were 
implemented with the help of technical assistance. 
Many of the new CSFs for Objectives 3 and 4 for 1993 made provision for 
greater technical assistance, in particular in Italy, to permit a standard 
definition of qualifications, the harmonization of assessment standards and 
cost parameters, the Installation of information and assessment systems 
integrated at national level, and the development of good practice. 
In the case of the EAGGF, most of the measures taken under technical 
assistance concern Information on OPs and the CSFs through contracts with 
experts to provide support for the various measures or through the 
organization of seminars or meetings where experience can be shared and 
stock taken of achievements. Certain Member States also used technical 
assistance for feasibility and market studies or for assessment studies. 
As regards work undertaken on the initiative of the Commission, the ESF 
concentrated In 1992 on carrying out studies mainly designed to identify 
best practice In vocational training and facilitate transfers of know-how to 
the least developed regions, particularly those eligible under Objective 1. 
Studies covered several sectors of the economy: Information technology, the 
agri-foodstuffs industry, clothing and energy, and financial services and 
tourism. 
-56-
ln the last two of these sectors, the elements which appear as the most 
innovatory, according to studies undertaken in France and in Germany, 
concern methodology and more precisely real-world simulation: for example, 
in the financial services sector the setting-up of mock dealing rooms. The 
studies carried out also stress custom-designed training, based on an 
assessment of the trainee's aptitudes in relation to the skills required by 
posts to be filled and on the personal involvement of the trainees (as in 
the case of individual projects in the financial sector, submitted by the 
trainee and intended to improve the operation of the bank). Stress has also 
been placed on training programmes based on cooperation between the 
education and training systems and the private sector. 
- 57 -
CHAPTER II 
BUDGET EXECUTION IN 1992, THE CONTRIBUTION 
OF THE LENDING INSTRUMENTS TO ACHIEVING 
STRUCTURAL OBJECTIVES, CONTROLS 
1. BUDGET EXECUTION IN 1992 
1.1 Appropriations for the Structural Funds in 1992 
As in 1991, the appropriations for the CSFs under each Structural 
Fund were contained in four budget chapters (EAGGF Guidance 
Section/agriculture, EAGGF Guidance Section/fisheries, ERDF and ESF) 
and subdivided by Objective. The 1992 appropriations for Community 
initiative programmes were separated out from the appropriations for 
transitional and innovative measures and subdivided by Fund. 
The level of appropriations was set by the Budgetary Authority on the 
basis of the annual spending indicated in CSFs and, for the other 
measures, on the basis of forecast utilization. 
The appropriations for the new Lander were again presented separately 
in 1992, since this is special assistance additional to the sums 
envisaged in the 1988 reform. 
It should be noted that the 1992 budget also included appropriations 
for technical assistance to help in the preparation and 
implementation of CSFs and in their evaluation (budget execution: 
ECU 8.5 million in commitments and ECU 11.5 million in payments), as 
well as appropriations for PEDIP, the specific industrial development 
programme for Portugal (budget execution: ECU 127.7 million in 
commitments and ECU 121.6 million in payments), and the IMPs or 
Integrated Mediterranean Programmes (budget execution: ECU 308.3 
million in commitments and ECU 392 million in payments). Assistance 
under these programmes is coordinated with the Structural Funds but 
is not covered in this report. 
1.2 Budget execution in 1992 by Fund and by Objective 
Table 1 gives a breakdown of the execution of commitment 
appropriations for all the Structural Funds by type of assistance, by 
Objective and by Fund. 
- 58 -
Table 1 : Budget execution in 1992 by Fund and by Objective for commitment 
appropr iat ions 
EAGGF EAGGF ERDF ESF 
Ag. Fish. (mi I I ion ECU, 1992 prices) 
TOTAL % % 
CSFs Obj.1 1505.7 46.9 
CSFs Obj.2 
CSFs Obj.3/4 
CSFs Obj.5(a) 701.3 34.2 
CSFs Obj.5(b) 417.0 
CSFs Total 2624.0 81.1 
Commun ity 187.8 
initiatives 5456.6 
1166.0 
314.1 
6936.7 
1265.9 2289.9 
454.9 
2156.0 
72.0 
4972.8 
516.0 9299.1 
1620.9 
2156.0 
735.5 
803.1 
14614.6 
1969.7 63.6 
11.1 
14.8 
5.0 
5.5 
100.0 86.4 
11.6 
Transit ional 
and innov. 
measures 63.0 183.3 94.0 340.3 2.0 
TOTAL 2874.8 81.1 8385.9 5582.8 16924.6 100.0 
New Lander 243.4 488.8 313.8 1046.0 
The relative contributions to the execution of Structural Funds 
appropriations (excluding new Lander) were 17.0% by the EAGGF Guidance 
Section/agriculture, 0.5% by the EAGGF Guidance Section/fisheries, 49.5% by 
the ERDF and 33.0% by the ESF. 
The Community initiative programmes accounted for 11.6% of overall budget 
execution under the Structural Funds; the EAGGF Guidance Section 
contributed 6.3% of its resources to these programmes, the ERDF 15.0% and 
the ESF 9.2%. 
Table 2 shows the source of the commitment appropriations available and 
their level of execution. The ECU 16.539 million entered in the original 
budget for 1992 (excluding new Lander) were increased by ECU 100 million 
under Supplementary and Amending Budget 1/92, ECU 13 million carried over 
from the previous financial year, and ECU 402 million corresponding to the 
reallocation of appropriations released in 1992 from commitments of 
previous budget years. 
- 59 -
Table 2: Source and execution of commitment appropriations 
(million ECU, 1992 prices) 
EAGGF 
Ag. 
Original budget 2886.5 
allocat ion 
SAB 1/92 18.0 
Carr ied over 
from 1991 0.0 
Real located 4.6 
Transfers -12.0 
Total approps 
available 2897.1 
Execution 2874.7 
Rate of 
execution 99.2% 
Unused approps 22.4 
Carr ied over 
to 1993 16.8 EAGGF 
Fish. 
69.1 
0.0 
0.1 
+12.0 
81.2 
81.1 
99.9% 
0.1 ERDF 
8327.8 
50.0 
13.1 
2.5 
8393.5 
8385.9 
99.9% 
7.6 
6.9 ESF 
5255.9 
32.0 
0.0 
395.0 
5682.9 
5582.8 
98.2% 
100.1 
70.0 Total 
16539.3 
100.0 
13.1 
402.2 
0.0 
17054.7 
16924.6 
99.2% 
130.1 
93.7 new 
Lender 
1046.0 
1046.0 
1046.0 
100.0% 
0.1 
The execution rate of 1992 appropriations was very satisfactory, reaching 
99.2% for the Structural Funds overall (100% in the new Lander). This 
compares well with the rates of 99.7% and 93.7% reached in 1991 and 1990 
and the execution rate for the whole general budget of the Communities at 
95.8%. Under the Financial Regulation, it was possible to carry over most 
of the non-utilized appropriations from 1992 to the 1993 budget. 
The utilization of payment appropriations in the 1992 budget is shown in 
Table 3. The execution rate of 99.3% compares favourably with the rate of 
99.0% in 1991 and 99.4% in 1990. Payment appropriations in the Community 
budget as a whole achieved an execution rate of 94.1%. 
Table 3: Execution of 1992 payment appropriations 
(million ECU, 1992 prices) 
EAGGF 
Ag. EAGGF 
Fish. ERDF ESF Total new 
Lander 
Payment approps 
available 2802.2 70.0 8637.1 4416.0 
Execution 2774.5 62.4 8620.1 4358.9 
Rate of 
execution 99.0% 89.1% 99.8% 98.7% 
Unused approps 27.7 7.6 17.0 57.1 
Carr ied over 
to 1993 11.1 7.6 16.4 17.4 15925,3 1285.0 
15815,9 1237.1 
99.3% 96.3% 
109.5 47.9 
52.5 47.9 
- 60 -
Table 4 gives the commitment amounts remaining to be liquidated at the end 
of 1992 and, for comparison, the corresponding amounts at the end of each 
budget year since the 1988 reform. These are amounts committed in the 
previous budget year or years which remain to be paid out in subsequent 
years. 
Table 4: Commitments remaining to be liquidated 
(million ECU, current prices) 
end-1988 end-1989 end-1990 end-1991 end-1992 
EAGGF Ag. 
EAGGF Fish 
ERDF 
ESF 1214.2 
6878.4 
2059.8 1266.7 
7529.0 
2261.6 1337.2 
8071.6 
2539.5 
Total 10152.4 
Annual increase 
New Lander 11057.3 11948.3 
8.9% 8.1% 1617.1 
65.4 
8479.7 
2409.4 
12571.6 
5.5% 
450.0 1630.1 
82.9 
7999.3 
3548.5 
13260.8 
5.2% 
258.9 
These amounts of commitments remaining to be liquidated continue to grow 
from year to year, but at a much slower rate than the growth in commitments 
(+23.6% between 1991 and 1992), reflecting a faster rate of payments. 
1.3 Trends over the 1989-92 period 
Article 12(2) of Regulation (EEC) No 2052/88 (the "framework" 
Regulation of the Structural Funds) stipulates that commitment 
appropriations for the Structural Funds are to double in real terms 
by 1993 as compared with 1987 and specifies the progression rate to 
achieve this doubling. To give an overview of this progression, 
Table 5 shows annual budget execution during the 1987-93 period at 
1988 pr ices. 
Table 5: Proposed and actual execution of commitment appropriations 
the Structural Funds as a whole for 
1987 1988 1989 1990 (million ECU, 1988 prices) 
1991 1992 1993 
Proposed in 
Art.12(2) 7 233 7 680 8 980 10 280 11 580 12 900 14 466 
Approps 
in budget : 7 680 8 981 10 280 11 802 13 676 15 012 
Final budg. 
available 7 939 9 367 10 497 12 036 14 018 
Execution 7 877 9 280 9 845 11 995 13 911 : 
- 61 -
The appropriations available include, in addition to the appropriations 
entered initially in the budget each year, those amounts added to the 
resources originally provided for in Regulation (EEC) No 2052/88 
(supplementaries adopted by the Budgetary Authority, transfers from 1987, 
reallocation of appropriations released from commitments prior to 1987); 
these cannot be separately identified. Even taking into account this 
difficulty, the above figures show that the progression towards doubling by 
1993 is being comfortably respected. 
The annual execution of commitment appropriations is set out in Table 6. 
For each Objective, the figures cover the execution of CSFs and Community 
init iat ives. 
Table 6: Execut ion of 
1989-92 commitment appropriations under the Structural Funds 
1989 1990 1991 
Objective 1 6137.0 6352.1 
Objective 2 1060.0 1325.1 
Objectives 3/4 1332.0 1316.2 
Objective 5(a) 516.0 736.3 
Objective 5(b) 232.0 194.6 
Not attr ibutable 
Transitional and 
innov. measures 330.0 370.4 
Total 9607.0 10294,7 
New Lander 7957.6 
1466.5 
1575.8 
604.0 
660.0 
367.3 
12631,2 
831.0 (million ECU, 1989 prices) 
1992 TOTAL % 
8959.4 
1651.8 
1867.4 
636.0 
795.0 
430.5 
294.2 
14634,3 29406,1 
5503.4 
6091.4 
2492.3 
1881.6 
430.5 
1361.9 
47167,2 
904.0 62.3 
11.7 
12.9 
5.3 
4.0 
0.9 
2.9 
100.0 
1735.0 
Article 12(3) of Regulation (EEC) No 2052/88 further specifies that the 
appropriations for Objective 1 are also to double in real terms by 1992 
compared with 1987, following a progression agreed on in a statement for 
the minutes at the meeting adopting the Regulation (declaration No X). This 
progression is given in Table 7, which compares it with the outturn (in 
1988 pr ices). 
- 62 -
Table 7: Proposed and actual execution of commitment appropriations for 
Objective 1 
(million ECU, 1988 prices) 
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 
Prop, in 
Art.12(3) 4 084 4 901 5 718 6 534 7 400 8 168 
Execution 5 929 6 137 7 688 8 656 
Even with the same proviso as given in connection with Table 5, these 
figures show that the doubling of appropriations for the Objective 1 
regions has been comfortably achieved. 
Finally, Article 12(5) of Regulation (EEC) No 2052/88 stipulates that the 
ERDF should devote approximately 80% of its resources to regions covered by 
Objective 1. In 1992 the ERDF devoted 77.5% of its appropriations to these 
regions, making it possible to attain 77.1% over the whole of the 1989-92 
period. 
1.4 Budget executlot) of CSfs 
After the first four years of the 1989-93 five-year programming period, 
slightly more than three quarters of the expenditure proposed in the CSFs 
has been executed. This follows the progression stipulated in Regulation 
(EEC) No 2052/88 where it calls for a doubling of the appropriations for 
all the Funds by 1993 compared with 1987; according to this progression, 
75.2% of the total appropriations available over the 1989-93 period were to 
be executed in 1989-92. 
Table 8 compares the expenditure specified in CSFs with the outturn in 
execution for the main bulk of Structural Fund spending that is subject to 
programming in the form of CSFs. More detailed figures by Objective, by 
Fund and by Member State will be found in Annex I. 
In the case of Community initiatives, implementation of which started in 
1991, the execution rate at the end of 1992 measured against the amount 
proposed for the whole period is 71.9%. 
- 63 -
Table 8: Execution compared with expenditure proposed in CSFs 
(million ECU, 1989 prices) 
Proposed 
1989-93 Execut ion 
1989-93 Execut ion 
as % of 
proposa I 
CSFs Object ive 1 
of which EAGGF 
of which ERDF 
of which ESF 36200 
5427 
20960 
9813 27709 
4574 
15711 
7424 76.5 
84.3 
75.0 
75.7 
CSFs Objective 2 
of which ERDF 
of which ESF 6750 
5096 
1654 5137 
3836 
1301 76.1 
75.3 
78.7 
CSFs Objective 3/4 (1) 7243 5950 82.1 
CSFs Objective 5(b) 
of which EAGGF 
of which ERDF 
of which ESF 2607 
1055 
1116 
436 1662 
671 
759 
233 63.8 
63.5 
68.0 
53.4 
CSFs TOTAL 52800 40458 76.6 
New Lander (2) 2768 1734 62.6 
of which EAGGF 
of which ERDF 
of which ESF 554 
1384 
830 330 
884 
521 59.6 
63.9 
62.8 
(1) Including ECU 1 353 million in assistance in respect of 1989 but 
not included in the CSF. 
(2) Period covered: 1991-93. 
- 64 -
2. CONTRIBUTION OF THE EIB 
The contribution of the European Investment Bank to the implementation of 
the reform of the Structural Funds can be analysed at several levels (see 
also the tables in Annex VII). 
2.1 The interventions of the Bank under Article 130a of the Treaty 
(economic and social cohesion) 
Article 130 defines the aims of the Bank, specifying the types of project 
whose financing it is to facilitate, foremost of which are "projects for 
developing less-developed regions" (point (a) in Article 130). 
The table below illustrates the position that loans granted by the Bank for 
regional development occupy in the total financing within the Community 
that is provided by the EIB. 
Individual loans and monies from global loans granted by the EIB 
(mi I I ion ECU) 
1989 1990 1991 1992 TOTAL 
AI I EIB 
activities 10919.1 12174.2 13584.6 16936.4 53614.2 100.00 
Regional 
development 7071.1 7439.6 8491.6 11792.9 34795.1 64.90 
Between 1991 and 1992, the amount of individual loans and sums from global 
loans granted by the Bank in the Community went up by 25%. In the same 
period, the increase in financing provided by the EIB for projects 
contributing to regional development came to 39%. Overall, for the whole 
period running from 1989 to 1992, the EIB will have devoted more than 
ECU 34 billion to regional development, i.e. 64.9% of its financing in the 
Commun ity. 
These figures confirm that economic and social cohesion is first among the 
priorities of the Bank. 
2.2 Concentration of EIB financing in the regions eligible for assistance 
from the Structural Funds under Objectives 1. 2 and 5(b) 
The table in Annex VI1.1 shows the proportion of EIB finance granted to 
projects located in the eligible regions. 
- 65 -
Over the 1989-92 period, 88.10% of individual loans and sums from global 
loans granted by the Bank for regional development went to projects located 
in the regions eligible under Objectives 1, 2 and 5(b). The percentage was 
85.6% in 1989, 84.4% in 1990, 87.2% in 1991 and 92.6% in 1992. The 
concentration of the Bank's activities in regions eligible under the 
Structural Funds has thus been increasingly marked. 
2.3 Priority given to the lagging regions (table in Annex VI 1.2) 
In 1992, the Bank's financing in regions lagging behind in their 
development came to ECU 6.4 billion, including ECU 0.7 billion in the 
eastern Lander of Germany. 
In the same year, the assistance granted by the Bank to Objective 2 and 
Objective 5(b) areas amounted to ECU 4.6 billion, i.e. 39% of its regional 
development activity. Among these areas, the increase was particularly 
marked in the United Kingdom and the western parts of Germany. 
The reform of the Structural Funds in 1988 stipulated that a significant 
effort should be made to concentrate budget resources on the regions 
lagging behind in their development. It is estimated that, over the 1989-93 
period, the share of Objective 1 in total aid from the ERDF under CSFs and 
Community initiatives will have been about 77.5%. 
In terms of the loans granted by the Bank to regional development during 
the 1989-92 period, the corresponding share is 51.4%. In 1989 it was 48%, 
in 1990 46.8%, in 1991 54.6% and in 1992 54.03%. While the finance granted 
by the EIB to projects located in Objectives 2 and 5(b) areas went up by 
64% between 1991 and 1992, financing towards investment projects in 
Objective 1 regions grew by 37%. 
The distribution of the Bank's loans in Objective 1 regions is shown in the 
table in Annex VI 1.2. 
Seen in relative terms, Greece, Ireland and Northern Ireland have received 
a low share of the financing granted by the EIB in the lagging regions, 
i.e. 11.16% in 1992 and 11.54% over the 1989-92 period. This situation can 
be partly explained, at least for Greece and Ireland, by the fact that 
these two Member States had almost reached their limit of indebtedness. 
- 66 -
It should be pointed out, however, that the total of loans and sums from 
global loans granted in Greece grew approximately 2fe-fold between 1991 and 
1992, although the value in absolute terms is still low. The other lagging 
regions which saw an increase in EIB financing between 1991 and 1992 were 
those in Spain (110%), France (203%), Ireland (16%) and Portugal (36%). 
Conversely, the regions in the south of Italy saw a decrease of 13%. 
2.4 sectoral analysis of the financing of the EIB 
The finance accorded by the Bank in 1992 in the regions lagging behind in 
their development primarily covered infrastructure (72% of the total), in 
particular in transport and telecommunications. This is particularly the 
case in Spain and in Portugal, while in the eastern regions of Germany it 
is investment in industry which predominates. In the case of areas eligible 
under Objectives 2 and 5(b), the share of production-oriented investment in 
the Bank's financing came to 31.5% and 36.1% respectively. 
Between 1989 and 1992 in the Objective 1 regions, financing of 
infrastructures accounted for 73% of loans (44% for communications, 20% for 
energy, 5% for the environment) against 27% in the productive sector (more 
than half in the form of sums from global loans primarily for small and 
medium-sized enterprises). In the areas eligible under Objectives 2 
and 5(b), 60% of financing involved infrastructure projects (35% for 
communications, 14% for the environment, 9% for energy) and 40% involved 
investment in the productive sector (17% in the form of sums from global 
loans). 
2.5 Synergy between the Structural Funds and the European investment Bank 
Of the types of finance provided by the EIB, individual loans are the most 
used (76%). If one considers only the individual loans granted by the EIB 
in 1992 towards investment entirely located in regions eligible for the 
Structural Funds and also linked with a Community subsidy relating to all 
or part of a project, these account for 26% of all financing granted in 
such regions. This figure was 9.6% in 1989, 15.3% in 1990 and 29.4% in 
1991, or 21% over the whole period from 1989 to 1992. 
In addition, without there necessarily being a connection foe every project 
between aid given by the Structural Funds and the loans of the Bank, more 
than 63% of the Bank's financing of ECU 6.9 billion in the eligible regions 
went to investments contributing to implementing the priorities listed in 
Community support frameworks, compared with 64% in 1990 and 66% in 1991. 
The table in Annex VI 1.3 gives an indication of the complementarity of 
assistance from the EIB and the Structural Funds in each Member State. 
- 67 -
Over this same period, loans totalling ECU 15 billion contributed to 
financing projects meeting the goals of CSFs for the regions lagging behind 
in their development. In 1989 the Bank put at ECU 7.8 billion the potential 
financing that it would be able to grant to these regions over the lifetime 
of their CSFs, i.e. 1989 to 1993. In other words, by 1992 the Bank had 
already exceeded the amount of lending originally given in the indicative 
financing plans of the Community support frameworks. 
m 
The European Council in Edinburgh stressed the important role to be played 
by the European Investment Bank in strengthening economic and social 
cohesion. Together with this recognition, the EIB has seen itself entrusted 
with new responsibilities: the implementation of a new temporary lending 
facility endowed with ECU 5 billion and the management of the European 
Investment Fund. 
The European Council also called on the Bank to develop still further its 
lending in the Member States eligible for the Cohesion Fund as well as in 
the regions of the Community lagging behind in their development, and to 
consider together with the Council and the Commission how it could 
contribute - in concert with the Member States - to improving the operation 
of the Structural Funds. 
Against this background, and with account taken of the first three years of 
implementing the 1988 reform, the Commission and the EIB have already 
launched a number of initiatives to further reinforce the complementarity 
of the Structural Funds and the operations of the Bank, in particular with 
a view to the new round of Community support frameworks. 
3. CONTRIBUTION OF THE ECSC 
The ECSC contributes in three ways to the goal of economic and social 
cohesion: loans, interest rebates on loans and aid for retraining. 
ECSC loans differ from commercial loans by their longer lifetime on average 
(but shorter than the loans of the EIB) and their generally lower interest 
rate. Two main types need to be distinguished: 
loans granted under Article 54 of the ECSC Treaty to the coal and 
steel industries, as well as for investment in Community-scale 
infrastructure requiring inputs of coal or steel, 
conversion loans (Article 56), used to finance investment which 
creates employment in a broad range of other industries. 
- 68 -
The interest rebates are granted mainly on conversion loans, with in 
general a maximum of 3% over 5 years. These are financed from the 
operational budget of the ECSC. 
The ECSC budget is also the source of redeployment aid for workers in both 
the coal and the steel sectors (ECU 154 million in 1992). Under the 
Community initiative Rechar, a part of the Structural Funds, additional aid 
of ECU 50 million was granted in 1992 for social measures connected with 
coal restructuring. Additional aid of ECU 46 million was also granted for 
social measures in connection with iron and steel restructuring. 
Coordination with the Structural Funds 
On 19 February 1992 the Commission adopted new arrangements to coordinate 
ECSC conversion loans with the Structural Funds*1). These provisions came 
into effect on 6 March 1992. 
They are based on the same principles as the 1988 reform of the Funds: 
subsidiarity and partnership; 
programming of ECSC assistance; 
concentration of the financial resources of the ECSC on the most 
affected regions, and on the sectors which have priority for action 
by the Community. 
The new provisions also take account of the specific features of the ECSC. 
In practice, the application of these principles is reflected in: 
new responsibilities for the CSF monitoring committees in monitoring 
and coordinating ECSC conversion loans; 
an indicative regional allocation of the appropriations in the ECSC 
budget for interest rebates on conversion loans; the first indicative 
allocation covers the two years 1992 and 1993; 
concentration of spending on investment in sectors matching the goals 
of CSFs. In view of the fact that the majority of ECSC loans are 
distributed by financial intermediaries, it has proved necessary to 
draw up lists of sectors, the shortest one being the list of sectors 
to be excluded. 
additional facilities (principally three) relating to the use of ECSC 
conversion loans: 
(1) OJ No C 59 of 6 March 1992. 
- 69 -
a higher rate of rebate than the normal maximum of 3%, which can 
be granted in exceptional cases connected with the situation in a 
region. In October 1992, the Commission approved a two-point 
increase in the maximum rebate in certain ECSC regions in Spain 
(Asturias, Basque Country, Castile-Leon, Aragon). 
conversion loans which may be granted towards investment in non-
production sectors that are nevertheless covered by CSF 
pr ior it ies; 
the possibility of using ERDF funds to reduce interest on ECSC 
conversion loans. 
Actual regional allocations to 31 December 1992 
The total volume of new ECSC conversion loans granted by the Commission in 
1992 which have also received the assent of the Council comes to 
ECU 1 469.82 million, including both direct and global loans. This amount 
was designed to help create approximately 75 000 jobs. Interest rate 
subsidies will cover part of the new jobs in step with the commitments 
entered into by recipients under their loan contract. 
Commitments under the 1992 ECSC budget devoted to interest rebates on new 
and current loans came to ECU 106 million. These commitments were made in 
two tranches. 
The Commission decided to allocate the first tranche of 60% of the 
indicative regional allocation for 1992 on 7 October 1992. The distribution 
was made on a strict pro-rata basis as a proportion of the total regional 
allocation for 1992-93. The Commission also agreed that the remaining 40% 
of the 1992 allocation should be allotted later in the year among the ECSC 
regions according to real needs. Sums left over in regions which did not 
entirely use up their 1992 allocation were made available to regions where 
needs exceeded the 1992 allocation. However, any supplementary amount 
granted to a region in excess of its 1992 allocation is temporary and 
limited to the ceiling set by the 1993 allocation to the same region. This 
decision was taken by the Commission on 8 December 1992. 
- 70 -
4. ON-THE-SPOT CHECKS 
In this section of the report the Commission gives a brief account of the 
on-the-spot checks carried out by its staff under Article 23 of Regulation 
(EEC) No 4253/88. 
1. The main aim of the on-the-spot checks carried out by the 
Commission's staff in respect of ERDF part-financing activity is to 
verify the accuracy of the statements made at the time of 
applications for assistance and for payment, the conformity of 
procedures - especially of tendering procedures - and the socio­
economic impact of operations. Checks are therefore made on: 
documents supporting the expenditure forecasts which served as 
the basis for the grant of ERDF aid and the authorization of such 
expenditure, conformity with national and Community rules on 
tendering procedures, and expenditure actually incurred and 
certified in support of ERDF payment claims, 
the physical realization of projects and their conformity with 
the original ERDF aid applications, 
the socio-economic situation of the regions covered by the visit, 
and the contribution made by the investments in question to 
achieving socio-economic objectives. 
During 1992, nineteen on-the-spot checks were carried out in nine 
Member States. These concerned: 
programme financing under Regulation (EEC) No 4253/88 
(15 programmes), 
financing under Regulation (EEC) No 2088/85: Integrated 
Mediterranean Programmes (2 programmes), 
the three types of financing under the old rules (Regulation 
(EEC) No 1787/84): project financing (19 projects), programme 
financing (7 programmes) and financing of special non-quota 
programmes assisted by the ERDF under specific Community measures 
(1 programme). 
The most important problems, weaknesses or irregularities that were 
identified during these on-the-spot checks or checks carried out in 
the past occur in the areas of: 
Eligibility of expenditure: in some cases the expenditure 
declared by Member States is not eligible. Examples include 
expenditure incurred prior to the eligibility date of a project, 
rebates obtained on investments consisting of VAT refunded to the 
beneficiary but not deducted from declared expenditure, 
expenditure related to inappropriate investments used for 
purposes which are not within the scope of the ERDF. 
- 71 -
Public tendering: Community public tendering rules are not always 
respected by the Member States. Implementing bodies may attempt 
to avoid publication in the Official Journal of the European 
Communities for works or equipment exceeding the relevant 
threshold, claiming urgency, project particularities or the need 
for expert knowledge, or may split works up so as to remain below 
the threshold for advertising. 
The case of very large discounts offered by tenderers, up to 70% 
or 80%, should also be mentioned in this context. This means that 
a project's budget has to be revised at a later stage to account 
for work or materials that had not been originally included, thus 
invalidating not only the tendering process but also initial 
financial planning, perhaps at the expense of other projects. 
Member- States' accounting methods and practices: national 
authorities may not make a proper distinction between commitments 
and payments, with the result that the information provided in 
the corresponding payment requests to the Commission is not 
correct. 
Some implementing bodies do not maintain a separate accounting 
system for operations part-financed by the Structural Funds, nor 
do they use appropriate codes for the identification of 
accounting entries related to such operations. This renders 
identification of the relevant expenditure difficult. 
Identification of eligible expenditure is likewise impeded in 
those cases where only part of an investment receives ERDF 
assistance and the implementing authority at local level, owing 
to inadequate information, is not aware that the Community is 
contributing to the financing of a project. 
On-the-spot checks are made on the basis of original expenditure 
documents. Such documents are not always available at the time of 
the check. 
Member States' internal administrative procedures and structures: 
complex and cumbersome administrative procedures can cause 
considerable delays in the transfer of Community funds to the 
final beneficiaries. Administrative complexities as well as 
budgetary or political problems may also account for delays in 
the transfer of national funds. 
2. In 1992 Commission staff undertook 43 checks throughout the Community 
for the European Social Fund. 49 OPs, for which assistance from the 
ESF (1990-91 period) came to ECU 2 437 million, were checked. 
The initial aim was to concentrate the investigation on the most 
important promoters and OPs, but also to see how the Member States 
were setting up management, monitoring and checking 
- 72 -
procedures capable of guaranteeing rapid and adequate financing from 
the ESF. 
Efforts have already been made by several Member States in this 
field: it is worth pointing out, in this connection, the importance 
of technical assistance in involving promoters and reinforcing 
monitoring as well as the need to have adequate data-processing tools 
to gather all the necessary statistical data. Generally speaking 
there are still several problems, for example the exact determination 
of the length of training courses and of recipients, eligible 
expenditure and the relevant administrative authorities. 
Implementation reports are also, in some cases, too brief. 
The activities carried out by the Member States in the field of 
controls, even if greater in 1992 in comparison with previous years, 
still have to be reinforced in the future as part of devolving wider 
responsibility to the Member States under the principle of 
partnership. 
The Guidance Section of the EAGGF organized fifteen on-the-spot 
checks in seven Member States in 1992 to ensure correct management of 
expenditure part-financed by the EAGGF and compliance with Community 
rules in connection with operational programmes under Objectives 1 
and 5(b), Regulation (EEC) No 866/90, indirect measures of either 
horizontal type (e.g. Regulation (EEC) No 2328/91) or regional type 
(e.g. Regulation (EEC) No 1820/80 in Ireland, Regulations (EEC) 
Nos 140/86 and 1402/86 in Italy and Scotland, the IMP for Greece) as 
well as old-style direct projects (Regulation (EEC) No 355/77). 
In 1992 the Financial Control department continued its programme of 
on-the-spot checks centred on auditing the systems of monitoring and 
financial inspection in place for each Fund, covering the systems at 
national and regional level. The programme included a number of 
specific checks. The auditing of monitoring systems involves both a 
description of the system and tests on its conformity and quality (by 
sampling) down to the final recipient level under a given OP. Once it 
has completed these system audits in 1993, including related payment 
channels, Financial Control will have an overview of the reliability 
of the national systems and of at least one regional system per 
Member State and per Fund. This information will enable Financial 
Control, in collaboration with the authorizing departments of the 
Commission and the inspection authorities in the Member States, to 
target specific inspection missions on the weaknesses of the systems 
as revealed by the audits and to continue the checking of regional 
systems. Close attention is being given to the controls that are 
carried out by designated authorities in order validly to certify the 
applications for payment submitted by a Member State. 
In 1992 the relevant sections of Financial Control carried out 91 on-
the-spot checks in all. The total expenditure checked came to 
approximately ECU 3 200 million. 
- 73 -
Financial control work has been supplemented by seminars and 
workshops in the Member States aimed at the national officials 
responsible for managing and monitoring funds. The 1992 seminars took 
place in Newcastle (Northern Ireland) and Copenhagen. 
The checks carried out by the various departments are the subject of 
prior coordination, and the Commission also coordinates its checks 
with those of the Court of Auditors. 
In the Commission's view, these on-the-spot checks are very useful 
both to the Commission and to the Member States. They provide the 
opportunity to clarify on the spot a considerable number of problems, 
points of misunderstanding or questions arising from Community rules 
and practice related to the activity of the Funds. They contribute to 
a better understanding of each partner's objectives, difficulties and 
limitations. They lead to more efficient programme implementation 
following the introduction of required improvements, since weaknesses 
and irregularities discovered during on-the-spot visits are pursued 
by Commission staff with the national authorities concerned. In 
appropriate cases payments from the Community Funds may be suspended, 
refused or recovered, or the infringements procedure provided for 
under Article 169 of the Treaty may be started. 
- 74 -
CHAPTER ill 
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF 
THE REFORM, THE IMPACT OF COMMUNITY ASSISTANCE, 
AND THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL PARTNERS 
1. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE 1988 REFORM 
Although previous reports revealed some shortcomings, they painted a 
generally positive picture of the implementation of the principles of 
programming, concentration and partnership, whereas verification of the 
principle of addit ional ity proved to be a difficult task for both the 
Commission and the Member States. 
In 1992 there was no new evidence to indicate a change in the assessment 
already made of the implementation of the principles mentioned above. For 
this reason this section will deal with the verification of the principle 
of addit ional ity by the Commission with the active cooperation of the 
Member States and with the partnership at work. 
1.1 Regulatory aspects of the principle of additIonalIty 
The exercise of verifying compliance with additionality is intended to show 
that the increase in assistance from the Structural Funds actually lead to 
an increase in the financial resources used to achieve the five priority 
Objectives laid down in the reform. 
Compliance with the principle of additionality can be measured against two 
inseparable criteria: 
the macroeconomic aspect, i.e. Structural Fund assistance must be 
added (overall) to national public expenditure: the Commission 
verifies that the Member States do not reduce their structural 
expenditure in the areas concerned in relation to a reference period; 
the microeconomic aspect, i.e. Structural Fund assistance must reach 
the intended recipients of the aid: the Commission verifies that the 
budgetary procedures of the various Member States ensure the 
transparency of financial transactions. 
As regards the first aspect, and although verification of the principle 
cannot be fully completed until the end of the programming period, the 
Member States and the Commission have agreed to monitor this throughout the 
period in question. Monitoring has revealed two fundamental problems: 
- 75 -
Firstly, the exercise cannot be completed unless the authorities of the 
Member State concerned cooperate fully with the Commission. The Commission 
only has the information forwarded to it by each Member State. It has 
encountered difficulties only with the Italian, UK and, to a lesser extent, 
French authorities (the Community support frameworks for the overseas 
departments). 
Secondly, the wording of Article 9 of Regulation (EEC) No 4253/88 has proved 
to be inappropriate for actual conditions on the ground, mainly in respect 
of certain areas covered by Objectives 2 to 5 where the effort needed to 
list all the eligible expenditure (Objective by Objective and, where 
necessary, area by area) would have been beyond the scope of the exercise. 
In view of thesetrtwo facts, the Commission has adopted a pragmatic approach 
on two levels: 
In order to solve the short-term problems, the Commission has since 1991 had 
bilateral contacts with the Member States in order, with their help, to find 
practical solutions making it possible to verify additionality. This 
approach produced satisfactory results in 1992 (see below). 
For the long term, and to tackle the fundamental problems, the Commission 
proposed to the Council that Article 9 of Regulation (EEC) No 4253/88 should 
be radically amended as part of the review of the Structural Fund 
regulations (March 1993). The purpose of these amendments is to define the 
principle of additionality explicitly and to establish general verification 
rules whilst introducing the flexibility necessary to take account of 
technical and administrative realities and the macroeconomic conditions in 
each Member State. Furthermore, as a result of the Commission's proposal, 
questions relating to additionality will in future have to be dealt with 
from the CSF negotiation stage onwards. 
Article 9 on additionality (amendment to Regulation (EEC) No 4253/88 adopted 
by the Council on 20 July) stipulates that: 
"In order to achieve a genuine economic Impact, the Structural Funds and the 
FIFG appropriations allocated in each Member State to each of the Objectives 
under Article 1 -of Regulation (EEC) No 2052/88 may not replace public 
expenditure on structural or comparable expenditure undertaken by the Member 
State In the whole of the territory eligible under an Objective. 
For this purpose. In establishing and Implementing the Community support 
frameworks, the Commission and Member State concerned shall ensure that the 
Member State maintains, In the whole of the territory concerned, Its public 
structural or comparable expenditure at least at the same level as in the 
previous programming period, taking Into account, however, the macroeconomic 
circumstances In which the funding takes place, as well as a number of 
specific economic circumstances, namely privatizations, an unusual level of 
public structural expenditure undertaken In the previous programming period 
and business cycles In the national economy. 
- 76 -
The Commission and the Member States shall also agree, in establishing the 
Community support frameworks, the arrangements for verifying additional ity. 
To permit ver IfIcatIon of the principle of additionalIty, the Member State 
shall provide the relevant financial Information to the Commission at the 
time of the submission of the plans and regularly during the implement at ion 
of the Community support frameworks." 
1-2 Verification of the principle of additIonalIty 
The verification made in 1992 covered mainly information on the execution of 
the budget over the period 1989-91 (where possible, also including estimates 
for 1992). This was compared with similar expenditure during 1987 or 1988, 
or the average of these two. The reference year was selected in partnership 
with the Member States to ensure that the period chosen was representative. 
Verification of additionalIty comes under the partnership principle and is 
based on information provided by the Member State concerned, the correctness 
of which cannot be verified by the Commission. This is due mainly to the 
scope and the nature of the information involved: firstly, verification of 
additionality covers not only part-financed expenditure, but also all public 
expenditure for structural purposes made in the eligible territory, and 
secondly, public expenditure must be understood in the widest sense 
(including, for example, investments by semi-public undertakings). 
The results of verification can be summarized as follows: 
Objective 1 
Verification for Objective 1 areas poses the fewest technical problems: the 
eligible areas are identical to the administrative units of the Member 
States (NUTS level II), considerably reducing the problems of data 
availability. Also, in the case of those Member States which replied to the 
Commission's requests, it was possible to conduct verification in accordance 
with the Regulation. 
The table below shows expenditure on structural measures approved by these 
Member States compared with the reference period (in real terms). No Member 
State reduced its own development effort in relation to the period before 
the 1988 reform, indicating that additionality within the meaning of 
Article 9 of Regulation (EEC) No 4253/88 has been complied with. 
Member State 
Greece 
Spain (1) 
France-
Corsica (2) 
Ireland 
Portugal Reference 
per iod 
1988 
1988 
1984-1988 
1988 
1988 - 77 -
Assessment 
per iod National structural 
expenditure (annual 
average) 
1989-1991 + 23% 
1989-1993 (1) + 21% (1) 
1989-1991 + 142% 
1989-1992 + 14% 
1989-1991 + 14% 
Source: information on budget execution sent by the Member States and 
processed by the Commission. 
(1) The Spanish authorities sent the information required in February 1993. 
Additional information has been requested but a satisfactory answer has 
so far not been received. 
(2) The selected reference period corresponds to the national planning 
period (CPER). 
As regards the Italian Objective 1 areas, by 31 December 1992 Italy had 
still not sent the necessary information. The Commission Members 
responsible have therefore contacted the Italian authorities insisting that 
they comply with the request. 
As regards Northern Ireland, so far the United Kingdom authorities have 
provided no information. The Commission's action in 1992 was intended 
principally to obtain guarantees from the United Kingdom authorities as 
regards the transparency of the financial flows involved. A solution was 
found in 1992. A solution must still be found to the question of forwarding 
the necessary information to the Commission. 
Finally, as regards the overseas departments, the information provided by 
the French authorities was considered insufficient to demonstrate compliance 
with the principle of additionality. The authorities are liaising to solve 
the outstanding problems. 
- 78 -
Other Object ives 
Results from assessing additionality under other Objectives have been rather 
uneven, both between Objectives and between Member states. 
Regarding differences between Objectives, it should be noted that 
Objectives 2 and 5(b) cover precise geographical areas and are supported by 
at least two Funds while Objectives 3 and 4 are of a horizontal nature and 
rest exclusively on one Fund (the ESF). 
As far as Objectives 3 and 4 are concerned, there have been acute problems 
in assessing additionality. The main cause of difficulty is the definition 
of eligible expenditure since, as will be remembered, these two Objectives 
are not regionalized and assessment must be carried out at national level. 
It has become clear from contacts with the Member States that: this involves 
a multitude of spending bodies since in many cases responsibility for labour 
market policies has devolved to lower levels of government or special 
agencies. This is especially true for training. 
The intention was to assess these Objectives separately but in view of the 
statistical difficulties it was decided to make an overall assessment of the 
two together. 
The only full assessment made so far concerns Belgium and while successful 
and positive, it proved that major difficulties exist. As a consequence, the 
Commission proposed a more qualitative approach which would gather data from 
a representative sample of the largest spending agencies in each Member 
State. This will be the approach in 1993. 
As far as Objectives 2 and 5(b) are concerned, one of the main reasons for 
problems is that the areas eligible for aid are often very small and do not 
correspond to 'statistical' units in the Member States. In many cases a 
single region may contain areas eligible under both Objectives which makes 
it difficult for the national authorities to supply separate data for 
Objectives 2 and 5(b). 
For these reasons it has been necessary in many cases to accept partial data 
for the time being and place greater reliance on qualitative evidence. In 
other cases, it was decided to base the assessment either on a significant 
sample (e.g. Spain, the three areas where the Structural Funds are more 
deeply involved — although the Spanish authorities have still not 
transmitted the relevant data) or on similar data (e.g. France, where the 
exercise was based on the national programming system, CPER). Nevertheless, 
the Commission is conscious that such simplifications lead to a reduction in 
the scope of the whole exercise, in particular it has not always proved 
possible to demonstrate the concentration of structural measures on the 
eligible areas. 
Another important difficulty mentioned by the Member States was linked to an 
Objective-oriented rather than Fund-oriented approach. Member States often 
claimed that relevant information, if available, was treated at ministry 
level and that each ministry had its own accounting/programming system. The 
Commission therefore accepted, although with reluctance, that a Fund by Fund 
approach be adopted when necessary as was the case for Belgium, Denmark, 
France and the Netherlands. 
- 79 -
Thus, in Denmark, the assessment of Objectives 2 and 5(b) is being made in a 
simplified form and relates to Funds rather than Objectives. In Belgium, the 
assessment of Objective 2 has been limited to ERDF eligible expenditure only 
at this stage and ESF aid has been included in the assessment of 
Objectives 3 and 4. Available data concerning Objective 5(b) are limited 
since some of the programmes were late in getting under way and their full 
effects are only now being felt. 
In France, the assessment had to be undertaken separately for 
ERDF/EAGGF-type and ESF-type eligible expenditure. The assessment of the 
former was limited to the expenditure relating to the planning contracts 
between central and regional government, while the division of such 
expenditure between eligible and non-eligible areas and between Objectives 
could only be estimated on the basis of the population ratio. As far as 
ESF-type expenditure is concerned, a pilot study was made of the region that 
absorbs the major share of Structural Funds. This exercise should be 
extended to the other regions in 1993. 
For the Netherlands, information so far supplied for Objective 2 reflects 
only part of the ERDF component and contacts are continuing in order to 
obtain complete figures for the ESF. For Objective 5(b), greater reliance is 
necessary on qualitative information since the structure of the national 
budget does not permit easy identification of eligible spending in 5(b) 
areas. 
As far as Luxembourg and Germany are concerned, there have been no further 
developments in the assessment of additionality. For Luxembourg, this is 
largely the consequence of delayed implementation of the CSF. For Germany, 
an updating of the existing figures concerning Objective 2 as well as 
information on Objective 5, where some progress has been made in identifying 
difficulties, are expected in 1993. 
In spite of the problems mentioned above (which the Commission hopes the new 
Regulations will solve) a major improvement has been achieved in 1992 
regarding the assessment of additionality for these Objectives, with the 
exception of Italy and the United Kingdom (where the situation is similar to 
that of Objective 1) and, to a certain extent, Spain (where the Member State 
authorities have still not produced the data jointly agreed upon with the 
Commission). Information and data available, though often partial, suggests 
that additionality is being respected in all other Member States for these 
Objectives as shown in the table below, based on information received early 
in 1993 as a result of technical meetings held with the Member States in 
1992. 
- 80 -
Country 
Be 1 g i urn 
Denmark 
Germany 
France Object ive 
2 
3 & 4 
2 
2 + 3 & 4 
2 
3 & 4 
2 
5(b) Funds 
concerned 
ERDF-EAGGF 
ESF 
ERDF 
ESF 
al 1 
ESF 
ERDF-EAGGF 
ERDF-EAGGF Reference 
per iod 
1988-89 
1988 
1988 
1988 
1988 
1989 
1987-88 (1) 
1987-88 (1) Assessment 
per iod 
1990-91 
1990-91 
1990-92 
1990-92 
1990-92 
1990-93 
1989-93 (2) 
1989-93 (2) Development 
of 
structural 
expend i ture 
+ 12% 
+ 3% 
+ 90% 
+ 20% 
+ 196% 
+ 100% 
+ 70% 
+ 45% 
Source: Information on operations sent by the Member States and processed by 
the Commission 
(1) in some cases 1984-1988 
(2) expenditure forecasts 
1.3 Partnership at work 
The partnership relationships and the role played by the Monitoring 
Committees in implementing Community measures have been dealt with in detail 
in previous reports. On the whole, since 1989 and in particular in 1992, 
relations between the Commission and the Member States and local authorities 
at various levels have been improving all the time. 
For example, implementation of the Spanish Objective 1 CSF has required 
close cooperation between the various authorities, at both the programming 
stage and during monitoring meetings, which is a new departure for Spanish 
administration. However, the links with local authorities and the economic 
and social partners are not so close. 
The role of the Monitoring Committees was also important in the Italian 
Objective 2 areas and, in some regions, the local authorities (provinces, 
"communita rurali", communes) regularly took part in the meetings, as did 
the social partners in some cases. 
In the case of the ESF, the results 
employment vary with the Objective. of the partnership in training and 
- 81 -
As regards combatting long-term unemployment and facilitating the 
occupational integration of young people (Objectives 3 and 4), in general 
the local and regional authorities increased their participation in measures 
financed under these two Objectives. Furthermore, in the Netherlands the 
partnership progressed particularly well in 1992 since the social partners 
now have an established place on the Monitoring Committees. By contrast, in 
the United Kingdom there is still a need for greater participation by 
representatives of employers and local and regional authorities (this would 
make it possible to take greater account of the local dimension of the 
labour market). Italy also indicated its intention to reinforce social 
partner participation when the new CSFs for 1993 were drawn up. 
As regards the regional development Objectives (Objectives 1, 2 and 5(b)), 
there could be greater participation by the representatives of local 
authorities in a large number of cases (in particular in France). However, 
in those regions whose development is lagging behind, partnership as a rule 
works we 11. 
All the Monitoring Committees have been constituted and all have met at 
least twice in the course of 1992 to monitor programmes under 
Objective 5(b). The Monitoring Committee meetings focused on progress in 
implementation. In some instances the Monitoring Committees took decisions 
to transfer resources within sub-programmes in order to ensure full 
implementation by the end of 1993. In other cases they adopted new 
approaches that would facilitate and further implementation. An annual 
monitoring report was prepared in collaboration with the Monitoring 
Committees and presented to the Commission in July 1992. The report 
contained information on the financial and physical implementation of 
individual measures. 
Physical indicators which should enable the level of implementation of 
assistance to be measured have been set up and applied, with various degrees 
of success, by most of the Monitoring Committees to the operational 
programmes adopted during the first phase of programming. 
In many cases, they have proved effective in providing regular updates and 
in influencing-the progress of measures in a more concrete direction without 
reverting to a project-based approach. 
The Commission does, however, consider it necessary to strengthen the 
indicators used before programming in order to secure in the future better 
knowledge, even of a general kind, of the steps taken to implement the 
measures decided on. 
Article 8(3) of Regulation (EEC) No 4253/88 as amended requires the CSFs to 
include "priorities..., specific objectives, quantified where they lend 
themselves to quantification...". There are three types of indicator which 
require further investigation: 
- stock indicators: to measure the exisitng physical endowment in terms of 
basic infrastructure; 
- 82 -
- performance indicators (output): to measure the quality of service 
provided by infrastructure; 
investment indicators (input): to measure the Investment effort made. 
2. ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY ASSISTANCE 
Assessment, which helps ensure the transparency and effectiveness of 
Community aid, continues to be an essential element of Community structural 
assistance in the Member States. Apart from macroeconomic assessments, the 
main thrust of assessment activities in 1992 covered the forms of aid and 
what it has been agreed to call 'thematic evaluations'. 
The basic message emerging from all this work is that Community aid to the 
Member States through the priorities defined in the CSFs has a real Impact 
on their economies which is simple to identify but difficult to quantify. 
More precisely, quantifying this impact in the regions covered by 
Objective 1, which has been made easier as a result of the volume of aid and 
the estimation models available, indicates that Community aid is making a 
significant contribution to sustaining growth and employment in these 
regions and, as a result, to their ability to catch up with the other Member 
States. 
Before presenting the results of this work grouped by priority, as laid down 
in the reform, the considerable assessment efforts made by some Member 
States on their own initiative should be pointed out. Although assessment 
structures and experience differ from country to country, there has been a 
general increase in awareness of the importance and the role of assessment 
in the management and planning of aid, accompanied by more and more frequent 
activities in this field. In view of the resultant multiplication of work, 
and in order to improve the working of partnership and promote consistency 
in Community, national and regional assessment policies, the Commission set 
up a technical assessment group in which it and the Member States 
participate, and this has been meeting regularly since 1992. 
Furthermore, the Commission, with a view to developing its own and the 
Member States' assessment capabilities, has launched the--Means pilot 
programme (Méthodes d'Evaluation des Actions de Nature structurelle -
methods of assessing structural measures), in order to arrive at a better 
match between the methods used to assess structural policies and the 
requirements of the new forms of Community aid. In this way the Commission 
hopes to make a practical contribution towards the assessment methods being 
mastered, accepted and understood by all partners in all Member States. 
- 83 -
2.1 Assistance under Objective 1 
2.1.1 Impact of assistance 
The concentration of Structural Fund resources to the benefit of Objective 1 
regions means that the expenditure entered in the CSFs for these regions 
represents a significant percentage of GDP. It can therefore rightly be 
expected that there will be a marked impact on the most characteristic 
macroeconomic variables. Given the changes in the international economy 
which have a strong influence on these variables, it was considered 
necessary to reassess the macroeconomic dimension of the Structural Funds in 
the areas covered by Objective 1. 
To estimate the macroeconomic impact of Community grants and CSFs, an 
analysis was made on the basis of harmonized Eurostat sources. Using an 
input-output approach, with a new method of updating the inter-sectoral 
relationships from 1985 to the present, this analysis estimates the impact 
of Community-assisted operations on major macroeconomic variables and 
notably on fixed capital formation, employment, imports and growth. The 
approach has been developed and refined over a number of years and the 
results presented below are based on the most recent version, which takes 
into account the worse than anticipated performance of the Community, and of 
Objective 1 regions in particular, since the 1989 start of the CSFs. (The 
1993 figures are based on the most recent official forecasts which are 
certain to be revised downwards.) 
The importance of the CSFs with respect to investment and fixed capital 
formation was substantial throughout the 1989-93 period and Community grants 
played a significant role In enabling the provision of infrastructure 
essential to the development of these regions. Community grants 
increasedprogressively in importance for the whole of the period, not only 
for Objective 1 regions as a whole but also for each individual region 
separately. This was largely the direct consequence of a generally declining 
ratio of investment to GDP over the period. The proportion of gross fixed 
capital formation related to Community grants was highest for Greece and 
Portugal and lowest for Italy and Spain. The table below presents the 
percentage of gross fixed capital formation related to Community grants and 
Community support frameworks at the beginning and end of the period. (The 
special features of the French Objective 1 areas meant that France could not 
be included in this analysis.) 
- 84 -
% Of GFCF % of GFCF 
related to related to 
Community support CSFs* 
1989 1993 1989 1993 
Portugal 7.7 9.9 20.6 27.7 
Greece 9.7 11.9 20.1 24.6 
Ireland 7.5 8.8 17.0 20.8 
Spain (Obj. 1) 2.9 4.1 5.8 8.0 
Italy (Obj. 1) 2.1 3.1 4.8 6.8 
United Kingdom 4.7 5.2 11.8 13.8 
(Obj. 1) 
Objective 1 3.9 5.2 8.6 11.7 
regions 
«Including the private sector expenditure entered in the financing plan of 
the CSF. 
These contributions to the increase in the capital stock are large enough to 
permit structural changes in Objective 1 regions which should enhance their 
ability for sustained growth. Though this analysis concentrates on the 
impact of the CSFs on the demand side only, this investment in productive 
capacity will most likely have a far-reaching effect on the regions' 
potential for future growth. 
Given the impact of Community assistance on gross fixed capital formation, 
it is not surprising that its impact on production and output growth is also 
considerable. The results of the input-output analysis may be presented in 
two different ways; either to show the impact on development of a sudden 
cut-off of Community support in one particular year, or to estimate the 
contribution of Community support to the average annual growth rate observed 
for the period 1989-93. 
In the first case, it might be suggested that, if the CSF suddenly ceased to 
exist, there would be a fall in that year's growth rate ranging from 2.5% to 
3%, depending on the year. The significance of Community grants is nearly 
half as great, in the sense that the elimination of the grants in any 
particular year would reduce the rate of growth in that year by 1.2% to 
1.4%, depending on the year. 
Community grants had a varying impact on the various regions' growth rates. 
The greatest impact, in the sense mentioned above, was in the case of 
Portugal. In this case, if the grants did not materialize in any year the 
growth rate in that year would drop by 3.2 percentage points on average. The 
impact has also been substantial in Greece (2.4 percentage points) and 
Ireland (1.6 percentage points). For Spain and Northern Ireland the 
difference is about one percentage point and for Southern Italy it is about 
0.7 percentage point. 
- 85 -
In the second case, looking at average annual impact for the period 1989-93, 
the effect of Community grants on growth rate tends to increase over time, 
being lowest at the beginning of the period and reaching the highest level 
in the final two years of the period. This is because actual growth 
performance has deteriorated for most countries and therefore the influence 
of Community grants has become greater in relative terms. 
The difference between the estimated and actual rates of growth, which 
accounts for the increasing importance of Community grants over the period 
1989-93, is shown clearly for each country in the table below. 
Average annual 
growth rate 
1989-93 
estimated for 1989 
(1) Actual average 
annual growth rate 
1989-93 
(2) Est(mated annua I 
impact of Structural 
Funds 
(3) 
Greece 
Spain 
Ireland 
Italy 
Portugal 2.5 
4.6 
3.9 
3.0 
4.6 1.6 
1.5 
4.6 
1.5 
2.6 0.5 
0.2 
0.3 
0.1 
0.7 
Sources (1) and (2) : Commission 
(3) : The economic impact of the 1989-93 CSF (Jôrg Beutel, 
Constance, Germany, April 1993). The figures for Spain and 
Italy refer to the Objective 1 regions of these two 
countr ies. 
From the above, it is evident that Community assistance has played an 
important role over this period in sustaining aggregate demand in 
Objective 1 regions. Nevertheless, given the import needs of these regions, 
demand leakages are to be expected. In fact, leakages reach about 20 percent 
of the total value of the grants for all regions. This ranges from about 50u 
in the case of Northern Ireland to about 15% in Southern Italy and Spain. In 
all cases, the leakage to other EC countries is larger than to non-Community 
countries, by about 30% on average. 
Employment was also positively affected by Community grants with the impact 
being more pronounced in Portugal, Greece and Ireland. The percentage of the 
active population whose jobs were created by these resources ranged from 
over 3% in the case of Portugal to about 2% in Greece and Ireland and around 
1% in the rest of the regions. The Community support frameworks amplified 
this impact, more than doubling it for most regions. Thus, in 1993, about 
800 000 jobs or 3.7% of total employment is expected to be linked to the 
implementation of the CSFs. 
These figures do not include the training measures and employment aids which 
benefit a large number of people in the Objective 1 regions. 
86 -
In conclusion, the importance of the CSFs for Objective 1 regions should not 
be underestimated. Over the period 1989-93, Community support has been 
essential in enabling Portugal, Spain and Ireland to grow faster than the 
Community average, thus reducing the development gap, and has helped 
Northern Ireland, the Mezzogiorno and Greece not to fall further behind the 
rest of Europe. In the case of Ireland, Community grants have enabled the 
economy to grow, on average, twice as fast as the Community as a whole. 
It goes without saying that the impact described above is directly linked to 
the operational and financial content of the forms of assistance included in 
the CSFs and the actual implementation of the planned projects. The 
estimated impact of a measure will only be realized if the budget adopted is 
actually spent and the planned projects are actually implemented. 
For this reason the Commission paid special interest in 1992 to assessing 
and monitoring the various forms of assistance. For example, on-going 
assessments of some 60 operational programmes and other forms of assistance 
involving a wide variety of sectors of activity and infrastructure have been 
completed or are being carried out. 
The purpose of these studies is threefold: firstly, to analyse the 
objectives of the programmes in order to assess their internal and external 
consistency; secondly, to estimate their socio-economic impact on the 
regions being assisted and, finally, to observe the level of physical 
implementation on the ground using appropriate indicators. 
Although the first objective has been achieved to a large extent and the 
results as regards consistency and synergy between the various OP measures 
are positive, the existence of a wide range of impacts which are difficult 
to measure and the unavailability or poor quality of necessary information 
have made the second task more difficult. Therefore, of the potential 
effects of the programmes, it has been possible to measure the jobs created 
or maintained in only a small number of cases. 
By contrast, it has been possible to assess the social benefit of the OPs 
relating to transport infrastructure by means of classic cost/benefit 
techniques. For example, for the Motorway NPCI in Spain, an-internaI rate 
of return (IRR) ranging from 21.44% for the most profitable section to 7.41% 
for the least profitable was calculated. These IRRs are rising in relation 
to previous estimates, in particular as a result of higher-than-forecast 
traffic and accident levels in the existing network. 
As regards physical implementation, major achievements are now being seen. 
In the programme for Central Greece forming part of the Greek IMPs, 5 400 
hectares were converted to new agricultural production and over a million 
animals treated (genetic improvement); 2 184 hectares were planted with 
forest and 6 263 hectares protected against fire; over 1 000 small 
businesses were helped and 7 research centres established or upgraded; 558 
tourist accommodation spaces were created or improved, and 17 hotels or 
campsites established or upgraded; 586 km of road, 293 km of water supply 
piping and 99 km of sewers were constructed or improved; nearly 30 000 
people were trained and 600 courses held. 
- 87 -
The above gives only a selection of the principal results achieved in one of 
the IMPs. It indicates the scale of the impact on the ground of the 
programmes, of which there are 29 in total. 
2.1.2. Thematic evaluations 
Apart from the impact of Community assistance in certain key sectors of the 
Member States' economies, the thematic evaluations focus on prospects and 
strategic aspects, providing a guide for future investment priorities in 
these sectors. 
During this key period between the first and second programming stages after 
the reform, the Commission launched a series of thematic evaluations to 
identify the priorities for its next series of aid measures. 
The first of these evaluations, which will be dealt with in more detail 
below, concerns the seven countries covered by Objective 1 and examines 
their human resources. The next two analysed R&D and transport and 
telecommunications respectively in Greece, Ireland and Portugal. Finally, 
geographically less ambitious but of equal importance, a series of studies 
concentrated on Italy covering the sectors R&D, water and the environment, 
industry and services and energy. 
Evaluation of the impact of Community structural assistance on human 
resources in Objective 1 regions 
An effective education and training system is one of the key factors in 
determining a region's competitiveness. During the period 1989-93, very 
considerable financial resources were allocated at Community level with the 
Objective 1 regions receiving ECU 10 billion for human resources so that the 
Community is financing a major portion of their vocational training 
policies, particularly in Greece, Portugal and Ireland. 
In 1992 the Commission launched a study to assess the impact of the 
Structural Funds on human resources in the Objective 1 regions over the 
period 1989-93: 
In addition to a survey of the strong and weak points of the education and 
training systems in these regions and an analysis of the quantitative and 
qualitative changes made with Community assistance, the study includes an 
analysis of the demographic and employment prospects for the Objective 1 
regions for the period 1994 to 1999, and a number of transnational studies 
concentrating on horizontal aspects considered to be useful for the 
development of education and training systems in these regions. 
Carrying out this study required the definition of a series of quantitative 
and qualitative indicators which were used in all the regions concerned. 
- 88 -
The study showed that these regions allocated between 60% and 70% of the 
finance available in the CSFs for human resources to the continuing 
vocational training of the unemployed and those in work. 
It is difficult to quantify the effort specifically devoted to the training 
of the long-term unemployed, which appears to constitute a comparatively 
small proprortion of the total training effort for the unemployed. 
The study stresses the growing importance for economic development of 
continuing vocational training for those in work while also drawing 
attention to the weaknesses of training structures (e.g. the quality and 
number of instructors) in a number of regions. 
Their impact on the other parts of education and training systems 
(compulsory education, post-compulsory secondary, and higher education) has 
been less, with the exception of Portugal, Ireland and Greece. In these 
three countries the Structural Funds have made a considerable contribution, 
in particular in the technical and vocational branches of post-compulsory 
education. For example, in Ireland and Greece approximately 30% of all 
students in post-compulsory secondary education have benefited from 
operations financed by the Structural Funds. 
When identifying the fields in which aid is to be granted in future, in 
general the same problems are encountered in the education and training 
systems in Objective 1 regions: 
- high drop-out and failure rates in compulsory education, 
lower participation rates than the Community average and higher drop-out 
and failure rates in post-compulsory secondary education, 
- participation rates lower than the Community level (except Northern 
Ireland and Greece) in higher education, 
- the very limited role played by employers in the promotion and financing 
of continuing education. 
The study also shows that in these regions the amount of expenditure per 
student is frequently much lower than the Community average and that the 
quality of infrastructure could be improved. On the other hand, 
student/teacher ratios are, as a rule, almost the same as the Community 
averages. 
The studies also identified important points for developing human potential 
in these regions: 
- the need to improve education and training systems 
- the need to implement accompanying measures to improve analysis and 
monitoring of training needs and match training measures better to the 
real needs of the labour market 
- attention to be given to teaching techniques and methods, training 
content and training for trainers. 
This assessment provides information which will be important in preparing 
the next generation of plans and CSFs and should enable national and 
Community authorities to direct and monitor assistance for training and 
employment in the future. 
-89 -
It stresses in particular the need for the Objective 1 regions to further 
increase the financial resources for education and training and to develop 
tools for the design, programming, implementation and assessment of a 
coherent human resources policy. 
Evaluation of the impact of CSFs on research and techno I ogy in Greece. 
Ireland and Portugal 
The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of the 
Structural Funds (including the Stride Community initiative) on research and 
technological development and broader socio-economic developments in the 
three Member States concerned. The study performed a valuable service in 
clarifying whether the conditions for maximizing economic returns from the 
activities were optimum and, where this was not the case, in providing 
recommendations as to how these conditions might be improved. In each Member 
State the work was carried out in close consultation with the national 
authorities. Working meetings were arranged to allow the authorities 
concerned the opportunity to provide input to the project. 
On a very general level it was found that while the problems faced by all 
three countries with regard to research and development were of the same 
type, Ireland had problems in fewer areas than did either Portugal or 
Greece, and where these problems existed in Ireland they were not usually of 
the same magnitude or intensity. 
The areas in which the three countries tended to experience problems (in 
varying degrees) included the following: 
- an overemphasis on public-sector supply-side issues at the expense of 
mee t i ng spec i f i c demand-s i de needs ; 
insufficient attention given to technology transfer; 
- an inability to meet operational running costs for some of the 
infrastructure which was developed or to achieve self-financing targets; 
- a shortage of human resources to fully exploit facilities; 
- questionable levels of real additionality with the resultant danger that 
national systems of RTD were becoming overdependent on Community support; 
- concentrât ion of development around capital cities. 
On the other hand, the following more positive characteristics were noted: 
- the achievement of a substantial enhancement of public sector RTD 
capacity; 
- the introduction of many new and in the main effective policy initiatives 
and programmes; 
- a high demand for programmes which, even if it was dominated by the 
public sector, was of generally high quality and when support was refused 
this tended to be because of limits on resources rather than because 
insufficient proposals of acceptable quality were made-, 
- evidence of improvement in the procedures for the allocation of funds by 
national authorities; 
- evidence of the establishment of pre-conditions for excellence in 
research capacities, particularly in the establishment of some very high 
quality research centres and in an improvement of university 
capabiI it ies. 
- 90 -
Evaluation of transport and telecommmunications in Greece. Ireland and 
Portugal 
This study was launched in order to evaluate the impact of past investment 
in Greece, Ireland and Portugal in the industries concerned and to explore 
investment priorities for the next round of Structural Funds allocations. 
Detailed reports were prepared by local experts for both industries in each 
of the three Member States which included the development of performance 
indicators for on-going assessment. 
With regard to transport, the reports provide substantial analyses of the 
different national contexts in which the various modes of transport operate 
and the different standards of existing infrastructure. In Greece there is 
no shortage of potential projects and a strong political will exists to 
substantially improve transport infrastructure over the coming decade. 
However it is clear that future investment in this area will need to be 
targeted on a rationally prioritised set of current needs before any 
attention can be given to utilizing prospective opportunities. The study has 
not only clarified development priorities but also identified restrictions 
on the implementation of large infrastructure projects inherent in the 
existing legislative framework in time for the restrictions to be removed 
before the next phase of Structural Funds assistance is allocated. 
The study on transport in and to Ireland concentrated on clarifying the 
broad strategic options in the development of the country's transport system 
since a choice needs to be made on this level before operational priorities 
can be set. This task is complicated by the need to consider the 
intermediary role of UK transport policy for substantial aspects of Irish 
international transport priorities, and this in turn has implications for 
the setting of internal transport policy priorities within Ireland (e.g. 
concerning the relative weighting of road and rail development options). 
With regard to Portugal, analysis of the transport situation has again had 
to consider the specific context of the Member State and look not only at 
the external transport issues to be confronted by the Portuguese (both 
within the Iberian peninsula and in relation to the rest of the Community), 
but also at the particular internal patterns of spatial development within 
the country and the demands which these place on the transport system. 
The studies of the telecommunications systems of Greece, Portugal and 
Ireland, like those of the countries' transport systems, have highlighted 
the divergences as much as the similarities of the experience of three 
peripheral and less-developed Member States of the Community. 
The three countries were at a different level of development in that 
digitalization was very advanced in Ireland and practically non-existent in 
Greece. Portugal on the other hand lagged behind all European countries in 
the number of main lines per 100 inhabitants. As a result, the strategies 
followed were different. Portugal increased its investment effort and is 
making impressive progress in digitalization while both Ireland, and 
perversely Greece, have reduced investment in telecommunications as a 
percentage of GDP. 
The Star programme, though very small in relation to overall 
telecommunications investment (2.2%), concentrated on the provision of 
- 91 -
digital infrastructure (80%) and accelerated the implementation of national 
investment plans. Notably, its role was critical in bringing forward network 
digitalization in Greece and establishing cellular mobile radio in Portugal. 
The studies of the telecommunications systems of the three countries have 
identified the existing problems and needs and have provided a basis for a 
more informed approach to strategy development and project assistance in the 
next phase of Structural Fund supported activity. 
Thematic evaluations in Italy 
Four thematic evaluations were made at the Commission's initiative in 1992 
covering R&D, water and the environment, industry and services and energy. 
These analyses had three major objectives: 
(a) Analysis of Italian policy in the sectors concerned and assessment of 
the qualitative and quantitative significance of the Community's 
contribution. 
(b) Assessment of the extent of implementation and problems with 
implementing sectorial assistance financed under the Italian CSF. 
(c) Assessment of future needs and the roles the Community could play in 
meeting them. 
AM the studies agree that the CSF's contribution and therefore its impact 
is difficult to evaluate given, on the one hand, the degree of detail of the 
OPs and, on the other, the low rate of implementation of Objective 1 
assistance in Italy. As for the rest, recommendations for the future 
concentrate, in the case of R&D, on improving project selection and 
administration systems, and in the case of water and environment they 
concentrate on overhauling supply networks and waste-water treatment plants, 
and operator training. 
In the case of energy, the accent was mainly on improving administrative 
procedures, while for industry and the services the evaluation suggests 
opting for business support based on financial incentives rather than on 
direct aid, targeting assistance to infrastructures of obvious economic 
significance and placing the emphasis on the development of a network of 
information and value-added services. 
Assessment of environmental policy in Community structural assistance 
The Commission is aware of the problems in applying the Communoity 
environmental policy. Experience in recent years shows that environmental 
protection requirements need to be better integrated in preparatory work on 
the definition and implementation of Community structural policy. 
- 92 -
To that end, the Commission proposed new provisions in the revised 
regulations to govern the Structural Funds from 1994 to 1999 which the 
Council adopted on 20 July 1993. 
Future development plans for Objectives 1, 2 and 5(b) will have to include 
an appraisal of the environmental situation and an assessment of the 
environmental impact of the strategy and measures in terms of sustainable 
development which complies with the current requirements of Community law. 
Furthermore, the appropriate environmental authorities designated by the 
Member State concerned will be associated with preparations for the 
implementation of these measures and will be required to ensure compliance 
with Community rules on the environment. 
It is also intended that during this new phase of programming annual reports 
should include the main results of assessments of how assistance from the 
Funds is compatible with environmental protection. 
Again with this aim in mind, in 1992 the Commission prepared to have a study 
carried out on compliance with environmental legislation in the context of 
the Structural Funds. In order to follow this new preventative approach and 
ensure the compatibility referred to in Article 7 of Regulation No 2052/88, 
the Commisison would like to have available further information on 
compliance with environmental directives. 
On the basis of the results of this study, the Commission intends to 
ident ify: 
- the extent to which national, regional and local authorities are familiar 
with the new Community provisions; 
- the mechanisms and procedures laid down by the competent authorities for 
implementing these provisions; 
- the main obstacles to implementation; 
- possible ways of overcoming those obstacles. 
2.2 Assistance under Objective 2 
After completing assessments of a representative sample of all Objective 2 
regions for the first phase (1989-91) of assistance to this Objective, the 
Commission's efforts in assessing of this area have concentrated on working 
in partnership with the Member States concerned to develop a jointly 
acceptable approach to assessment. This effort has taken two main forms; 
first, communication with and/or assistance to the national authorities 
responsible in carrying out specific assessments in which the CSF Monitoring 
Committees have in practice been the lead partner; second, carrying out 
- 93 -
focused studies to develop methodological tools to help with the 
considerable technical problems which have become evident from earlier 
assessment efforts. 
With reference to the specific assessments under way in the Member States, 
all of the Member States with Objective 2 regions have embarked on studies 
which go beyond a merely superficial response to assess each CSF. 
In Denmark a joint assessment was carried out on the Renaval programme for 
North Jutland. This study found that 1 000 new jobs had been created or 
would be created in connection with the supported activities related to 
SMEs alone and that further significant benefits could be expected from the 
assisted infrastructure and training activities. 
In Germany assessment concentrated on the four Objective 2 regions where 
assistance was most substantial. In Bremen and the Saarland, there has been 
continuous development of a comprehensive computerized system for monitoring 
and assessment of data and regular details of this system's development and 
findings are provided in the CSF Monitoring Committee's reports. In Berlin 
and North-Rhine Westphalia substantial assessments have been made of the 
CSFs by external consultants (concentrating on environmental aspects in the 
former case). 
The Dutch authorities have chosen to develop an independent approach to 
assessment and the Netherlands Government is working with consultants to 
define a uniform approach to all assessment of Structural Funds assistance 
to their country. 
The United Kingdom authorities have engaged in a variety of assessment 
activities in five Objective 2 regions (English West Midlands, Industrial 
South Wales, North East England, Strathclyde and Yorkshire & Humberside). 
Some of these have been carried out on a completely independent basis but it 
is hoped that, together, the studies will provide the basis for a more 
developed and consistent approach to assessment of Structural Funds 
assistance to Objective 2 regions in the UK. Already this work has resulted 
in wider appreciation of the need for clear project selection criteria and 
ranking procedures for all projects seeking support and project management 
has become much more open. In addition, it has provided a more accurate 
understanding of the impact of the various supported activities. For 
example, in South Yorkshire, where 100 000 jobs were lost over 15 years in 
the coal and steel industries, an integrated Community programme and the 
Résider initiative were found by the UK assessments to have contributed to 
the creation of some 15 000 Jobs. 
2.3 Assistance under Objectives 3 and 4 
In 1992 assessment work on these two Objectives followed three lines. The 
first type of assessment made it possible to analyse Community assistance in 
the field of training and employment, covering certain categories of people 
(women, the long-term unemployed and the disabled) and certain types of 
activity (start-up aid), and to study certain methodological questions 
(analysis of regional structures for preparation, administration and 
assessment of training and employment promotion policies). 
- 94 -
The second type of assessment made it possible to draw up an initial report 
on measures taken under the Community initiatives Now, Horizon and Euroform. 
The assessment covered the general concept of these Community initiatives 
and the structures and procedures used to implement them. 
The third type involves perfecting a Joint methodology for ex-post 
assessments which should make it possible to assess in a coordinated fashion 
In the Member States the results of implementation of the first CSFs. The 
aims are to measure the utilization of financial resources, the direct 
impact on the beneficiaries of measures financed and the way in which 
Community assistance is managed. 
All this work was carried out in partnership with the Member States, with 
the aid of external consultants, using structures specifically created for 
the purpose (technical assessment groups) during numerous seminars and 
meet ings. 
The initial results from 1990-92 experience 
The main results of the analyses of Community assistance have been set out 
in previous reports and in Chapter I of this report (paragraph 1.3, 
Object ives 3 and 4). 
It is difficult at this stage to quantify the actual impact of Community 
assistance under Objectives 3 and 4 in terms of employment for the over 
4 mi 11 ion young people and long-term unemployed outside the Objective 1 
regions who received Community support between 1990 and 1992, especially 
since the economic crisis helps disguise the effects of assistance in this 
field. 
The following points emerge from an initial assessment: 
- The priority Objectives identified by the Community in 1988 — the fight 
against long-term unemployment and the need to assist the occupational 
integration of young people — were intended to address fundamental 
problems affecting the social cohesion of the Community on which the 
Member States are increasingly targetting their employment policies. 
- Regionalization and the expansion of the partnership to the social 
partners are two positive points which must be strengthened further in 
future. 
- The same applies to programming, which encourages the implementation of 
long-term operations and gives the promoters financial security when the 
mult(annual approach adopted at Community level is also adopted by the 
Member States. 
- The programme-financing approach makes Community value-added less 
visible. It exists in many fields, espacially that of support for the 
training of those on the labour market who are most vulnerable. In 
particular, as studies assessing the impact of measures to help the 
handicapped have demonstrated, assistance part-financed by the ESF has 
given a very 
- 95 -
substantial boost to the employment possibilities of such people. In the 
Objective 1 regions, virtually the only provisions for the vocational 
training and employment of the handicapped are those receiving financial 
support from the ESF. Here, Community assistance has a genuine knock-on 
effect. 
ESF assistance has also helped Improve coordination of various provisions 
for the handicapped in certain Member States, particularly those eligible 
under Objective 1. 
Similarly, and still in the Objective 1 regions, the Community has played 
an important role in implementing measures specifically aimed at women. 
It wishes to promote equal opportunities for men and women on the labour 
market still further and so has incorporated this principle in the new 
regulations as an aim of Community action. 
- Support for innovation, which the Community wishes to strengthen in 
future as indicated in COM(92) 2000, is provided through specific 
operational programmes for this purpose as well as through more general 
programmes not particularly concerned with innovation. While the 
Commission does not always have precise information on the experiments 
being carried out, and so has no overview of the types of assistance 
provided in this field, a number of particularly interesting measures 
have been identified. 
An example is the PL Is (Plans locaux d'insertion — Local integration 
plans) in France: these are a local initiative and represent an overall 
approach to the integration of the very long-term unemployed. As a 
result of its success, the French authorities decided to extend the 
experiment to all French regions and increase funding by including the 
PL I s in the CSFs for Objectives 3 and 4 for 1993. 
- Exchanges of experience take place mainly under the three Community 
initiatives on human resources. The setting up of transnational 
partnerships (either between two Objective 1 regions confronted with the 
same type of problems, or between a Member State outside Objective 1 and 
a region whose development is lagging behind to organize a transfer of 
know-how) should enable national administrations to think in a 
"transnational" way, which was only a marginal factor in the CSFs for 
Object ives 3 and 4. 
The assessments carried out demonstrate that in future better use should 
be made of know-how, particularly through exchanges of experience, and 
that still greater support for innovation should be provided at Community 
level. 
2.4. Assistance under Objective 5(a) 
As regards measures to improve the processing and marketing conditions for 
fishery and aquaculture products, and unlike 1991 when it was not possible 
for the Commission to approve the forms of assistance until the end of the 
second half of the year, a large number of programmes were adopted in the 
first half of 1992. However, the duration of the programmes rarely exceeded 
two years due to the difficulties encountered by businesses, mostly small 
- 96 -
and medium-sized enterprises, in planning their investments in the long term 
in view of the high degree of uncertainty of supplies and markets for 
fishery products. 
This is one of the sources of difficulty in assessing their impact. 
However, it has been possible to establish the following: 
- Business investment has concentrated on increasing productivity by 
modernizing processing and marketing installations, above all at the 
initial selling stage, by constructing new premises or extending existing 
ones. Improving hygiene and health conditions, which is one of the top 
priorities of the Community support frameworks, has been done as part of 
these modernization operations. In general, businesses have not directed 
their efforts specifically to meeting the new health standards adopted by 
the Council. Indeed, in most Member States they have made use of the 
exceptional time limit of 31 December 1995 which the Council has 
author ized. 
- The distribution of financial resources, initially providing for half to 
Objective 1 regions and half to the other regions, has been amended to 
60% for Objective 1 and 40% for the others. A supplement to the 1992 
budget was introduced solely for Objective 1, and internal transfers 
within the CSFs of some Member States have also made it possible to 
increase funding for Objective 1. 
- The assistance was directed towards the "processing" priority rather than 
to "marketing" to a greater extent than was planned In the CSFs, in 
particular in Objective 1 regions. This development is explained by the 
common desire of industry and the public authorities to further develop 
processing in order to extract greater value from a dwindling Community 
resource, using the possibility of delaying the adaptation of marketing 
infrastructures to the new Community health and hygiene standards. 
The Commission and the Member States have also jointly defined financial, 
physical and economic impact indicators which should make it possible to 
assess the impact of Community assistance. Furthermore, the Commission has 
made a statistical study of the fishery products processing industry 
throughout the Community: production and trade, investment rates, 
employment, number of companies, geographical location and condition of 
plant and equipment. This study should provide a better understanding of 
developments in the industry. 
As regards measures to improve and adapt agricultural structures, the 
Commission regularly assesses, with the help of the Member States, the main 
measures in this field implemented throughout the Community under 
Object ive 5(a). 
In this assessment the Commission concentrates on: 
- making a systematic survey of the structural measures implemented by the 
competent national and/or regional authorities; 
- 97 -
analysing the nature and contents of the operational programmes set up by 
the Member States when implementing Regulations (EEC) No 866/90 and 
No 867/90 (71 operational programmes to date) aimed at improving the 
processing and marketing conditions for agricultural and forestry 
products; 
systematically listing the number of beneficiaries of Community and 
national aid, principally the aid granted pursuant to Regulations (EEC) 
No 797/85 and No 2328/91 aimed at improving agricultural structures; 
assessing the impact, in relation to the entire sector, of the three most 
important measures in budget terms for agricultural holdings: 
. investment aid; 
. aid for young farmers, the results of the last study having been 
presented in 1991 ; 
. aid for agriculture in mountain and hill areas and other less-favoured 
agricultural areas; 
making a survey of the Member States' expenditure as compared with 
Community financing; 
systematically analysing the measures proposed in relation to Community 
policies, in particular the common agricultural policy. 
In addition the Commission carried out two further assessments: one on 
investment aid and aid for young farmers, for which results are available 
and the other on aid for less-favoured areas, in order to measure the impact 
of this aid on farm structures and incomes. 
Further studies have been conducted by the Member States: installation and 
treatment of waste on farms (Belgium), marketing and processing of 
agricultural products (France, Denmark, Greece, as part of a study on Greek 
agriculture in 1992, Germany and Italy). 
2.5 Assistance under Objective 5(b) 
Following the studies on the methodology for assessing rural development 
measures and ex-ante assessment studies of 11 regions, the ex-post 
assessment is now being prepared. It will cover some 20 regions and provide 
information on the measures implemented, and make it possible to measure the 
impact of the programmes using the methodology already defined. 
In addition, some regions have taken the initiative of launching assessment 
studies for the purposes of improving the current application of their 
programmes and preparing future CSFs on the basis of a selection of measures 
made by the programme managers. In general, the analysis covers three types 
of scheme: those which used up all their appropriations, those which have 
not worked, and those which are likely to be modified during the next 
programming stage. Furthermore this investigation should lead to new fields 
of assistance being identified which could ultimately lead to new measures 
being introduced. This is the case in some regions of France (Languedoc-
- 98 -
Roussi I Ion, Burgundy, Aquitaine, Provence, Alpes-Côte d'Azur), the United 
Kingdom (Highlands and Islands), Italy (Trento) and the Netherlands 
(Fr iesland). 
3. THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL PARTNERS 
The Commission continued its efforts to gradually integrate the social 
partners into the implementation of the reform of the Funds. The 
initiatives undertaken are part of the review of the 1988 reform and are 
aimed at a "wider partnership", including in particular the social partners. 
In its communication "From the Single Act to Maastricht and Beyond - the 
means to match our ambitions"1, the Commission reiterated its desire to 
involve the social partners more closely in the programming process. 
The Commission has therefore, in spite of the lack of rules in this area, 
consulted the social partners on the report "Europe 2000" dealing with the 
outlook for the development of the Community's territory. 
In the same spirit, it has supported and cooperated in a number of events 
and exchanges of experience organized by the social partners at regional, 
multi-regional and national level, and in three studies all intended, in 
different areas, to strengthen the role of the social partners in the 
context of structural policies and their contribution to regional 
development and conversion measures. 
The first of these studies, carried out on the initiative of the European 
Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), covers "Regional policies in the European 
Community: institutional authority, the legislative framework and the role 
of the social partners". It expresses the unions' point of view on the 
Community's structural policies in the context of economic and social 
cohesion and against the background of European Union, and provides a frame 
of reference for participation by unions, and the other social partners, in 
the various stages of the implementation of Community structural policies. 
The industrial and employers' federations of the Member States concerned by 
Objective 1 (Spain, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and the United 
Kingdom) have jointly conducted research to assess Structural Fund 
assistance in those sectors with an influence on industrial development ("EC 
Structural Funding - A business assessment"). Based on an analysis of the 
Community support frameworks and the macroeconomic situation of the regions 
concerned, the authors suggest a number of measures to increase the 
effectiveness of structural assistance in order to promote the 
competitiveness of businesses and private investments in regions whose 
development is lagging behind. They conclude that there is a need for 
active participation by the representatives of industry in the programming 
process and implementation of Structural Fund assistance. 
1 C0M(92) 2000 final. 
- 99 -
A study conducted by the University of Bremen covered regional development 
policy and trade unions against the background of the Single Market in the 
form of a comparative analysis of the unions' regional policy ideas and 
strategies. The objective was to define how and to what extent trade union 
structures should evolve and be coordinated at European level in order to 
better respond to the increasing internationalization of the economy and the 
new conditions resulting from the completion of the Single Market. 
This study, launched in 1991, will be carried out in three successive 
stages, a report being made on each one. The final report of the first 
stage of work, concentrating on the implementation of trade union 
strategies, covering both programmes and concepts, provides a classification 
of the regionalIzation processes of trade union policy which are already 
recognisable or perceived to be a trend in political and national socio­
economic contexts. 
Annexes 
Annex Table Title 
I * 1 CSFs - Financial implementation of objective 1 (1989-1992) 
2 CSFs - Financial implementation of objective 2 (1989-1992) 
3 CSFs - Financial implementation of objectives 3 and 4 (1989-1992) 
4 CSFs - Financial implementation of objective 5a (1991 -1992) 
5 CSFs - Financial implementation of objective 5b (1989-1992) 
II * 1 CSFs - Financial implementation of objective 1 (1992) 
2 CSFs - Financial implementation of objective 2 (1992) 
3 CSFs - Financial implementation of objectives 3 and 4 (1992) 
4 CSFs - Financial implementation of objective 5a (1992) 
5 CSFs - Financial implementation of objective 5b (1992) 
III Community Initiatives - Allocation of commitments by Funds 
IV 1 Summary table of programmes decided for Objective 1 regions (1989 -1992) 
2 Summary table of programmes decided for Objective 2 regions (1989 -1991) 
3 Summary table of programmes decided for Objective 2 regions (1992) 
4 Summary table of programmes decided for Objective 3 and 4 regions (1989 -1992) 
5 Summary table of programmes decided for Objective 5b regions (1989 -1992) 
V 1 Objectives 3 and 4 - Relative weight between combatting long-term unemployment 
and facilitating the occupational integration of young people in the CSFs 
(1990-1992 and 1993) 
2 Objectives 3 and 4 - Allocation by Member State of amounts provided for in the CSFs 
for 1993 
VI Objective 5a - Implementation of horizontal structural measures in the Member States 
(structures of production) 
VII 1 Individual loans and global loan credits approved by the EIB 
2 Individual loans and credits financed by the EIB in Objective 1 regions 
3 Individual loans and credits financed by the EIB in 1992 
Assistance planned : Not including Community Initiatives 
Commitments : Not including Community Initiatives, Community Programmes and Quota-free measures 
1o<1 l^awmK i 
Table 1. CSFs -FINANCIAL IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE 1 
1989 - 1992 
EHas 
Total Ettas 
Espafta 
Total Espafta 
France 
Total France ECU million (1989 prices) 
Member States Fund planned in 
the CSF* 
(1989-1993) Commitments Payments 
(D commitments 
^ «* - * - • 
bsumatM Payments 
/ 
Commitments 
ERCF 
ESF 
EAGGF 3862,00 
1728,00 
1277,00 
6667.00 2904,00 
1315,00 
1062,00 
5281,00 2165,14 
915,41 
876,02 
3976,57 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 6199,00 
2348,00 
1232,00 
9779,00 4867.00 
1856,00 
1134,00 
7857,00 4238,61 
1374,60 
979,06 
6592,27 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 406,00 
322,00 
160,00 
888,00 222,00 
274.00 
184,00 
680.00 177,05 
184,77 
160,41 79,3% 
76,1% 
83.2% 
79.2% 
78,5% 
79,0% 
92,0% 
80,3% 
54,7% 
85,1% 
115,0% 
76,6% 75.2% 
69.6% 
82.5% 
75.3% 
87,1% 
74,1% 
86,3% 
83.9% 
79.8% 
67.4% 
87,2% 
76,8% 
Ireland 
Total Ireland 
Italia 
Total Italia 
Portugal 
Total Portugal 
United Kingdom 
Total United Kingdom 
Total ERDF 
Total ESF 
Total EAGGF 
Total Objective 1 ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 1646,00 
1372,00 
654,00 
3672,00 1226,00 
1158,00 
565,00 
2949,00 1101,24 
967,06 
510,44 
2568,74 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 4942,00 
1700,00 
801,00 
7443,00 3174.00 
1061.00 
572.00 
4807,00 2106,64 
696,32 
346,82 
3151,78 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 3757,00 
2028,00 
1173,00 
6958,00 3047,00 
1510,00 
954.00 
5511,00 2497,77 
1091,21 
833,71 
4422.69 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 348,00 
315,00 
130,00 
793,00 271.00 
250.00 
103,00 
624.00 214,92 
173,72 
70,89 
459.53 74,5% 
84,4% 
86.4% 
80,3% 
64,2% 
62.4% 
71.4% 
64,6% 
81,1% 
74,5% 
81,3% 
79,2% 
77,9% 
79,4% 
79.2% 
78.7% 
20960,00 
9813,00 
8427,00 
36200,00 15711,00 
7424,00 
4574,00 
27709,00 12823,36 
5393,08 
3777,36 
21693,81 75,0% 
75,7% 
84,3% 
76.6% 89.8% 
82.6% 
90.3% 
87.1% 
66.4% 
65.6% 
60,6% 
65,6% 
82.0% 
72,3% 
87.4% 
80.3% 
79.3% 
69,5% 
68,8% 
73.6% 
79.7% 
72,6% 
12,6% 
78,3% 
(1) Payntente concerr^ commitments back to 1989 
/?o^ 
Table 2. CSFs - FINANCIAL IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE 2 
1989 - 1992 
ECU million (1989 prices) 
Member States Fund planned k\ 
the CSFs 
(1989-1993) Commitments Payments 
(D Commitments 
/ 
Estimates Payments 
/ 
Commitments 
Belgique / Bekjiê 
Total Belgie 
Danmark 
Total Danmark 
Deutschland 
Total Deutschland 
Espafta 
Total Espafta 
France 
Total France 
Italia 
Total Italia 
Luxembourg 
Total Luxembourg 
Nederiand 
Total Nederiand 
United Kingdom 
Total United Kingdom 
Total ERDF 
Total ESF 
Total Objective 2 ERDF 
ESF 
ERDF 
ESF 
ERDF 
ESF 
ERDF 
ESF 
ERDF 
ESF 
ERDF 
ESF 
ERDF 
ESF 
ERDF 
ESF 
ERDF 
ESF 211.27 
67,35 
276,62 
30,19 
8,83 
40,02 
441,52 
173,75 
615,27 
1057,90 
303,10 
1361,00 
947,99 
283,60 
1231,59 
285,61 
133,70 
419,32 
23,98 
0,37 
24,35 
117,97 
62,12 
180.08 
1980,09 
619,93 
2600,01 
5096,52 
1653,75 
6750,26 166,93 
58.89 
225.82 118,13 
38,78 
156,91 
27.82 
9,50 
37,32 18.34 
7,13 
25,47 
349,26 
132,83 
482,09 210,29 
83,59 
293,88 
804,96 
231,20 
1036.16 575,03 
138,11 
713,14 
695,09 
240,35 
935,44 479,18 
166,24 
645,42 
279,98 
84,03 
364,01 103,32 
67,79 
171,11 
13,98 
0,37 
14,35 6,69 
0,05 
6,74 
72.35 
49,79 
122,14 
1425.81 
494,17 
1919,98 35,17 
34,59 
69,76 
994,08 
368,10 
1362.18 
3836,18 
1301,12 
6137,29 2540,24 
904,36 
3444,61 79,0% 
87,4% 
81,0% 
92£% 
96,6% 
93,2% 
79,1% 
76,4% 
78,4% 
76,1% 
76.3% 
76,1% 
73,3% 
84,7% 
76.0% 
98,0% 
62,8% 
86,8% 
58.3% 
100,0% 
58,9% 
61,3% 
80,2% 
67,8% 
72,0% 
79,7% 
73,8% 
75,3% 
78,7% 
76,1% 70.8% 
65.8% 
69.5% 
65.9% 
75,1% 
68,3% 
60,2% 
62.9% 
61,0% 
71,4% 
59,7% 
68,6% 
68,9% 
69,2% 
69.0% 
36,9% 
80,7% 
47.0% 
47,9% 
12.9% 
47,0% 
48,6% 
69,5% 
57.1% 
69.7% 
74,5% 
70,9% 
66,2% 
69,5% 
67.1% 
(1) Payments concerning commitments back to 1989 
/)o 3> 
Table 3. CSFs -FINANCIAL IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVES 3 & 4 
1989 - 1992 
ECU million (1989 prices) 
Member States Fund Assistance 
planned in 
the CSFs 
(1989-1993) 
(1) Commitments 
(D Payments 
0) Commitments 
/ 
Estimates Payments 
/ 
Commitments 
Belgique / Beigle ESF 273,00 196,60 144,98 72,0% 73,7% 
Danmark ESF 167,00 121,67 88,18 72.9% 72,5% 
Deutschland ESF 955,00 869,38 609,07 91,0% 70,1% 
Espafta 
France 
Italia 
Luxembourg 
Nederiand 
United Kingdom ESF 
ESF 
ESF 
ESF 
ESF 
ESF 976,00 726,16 
1485,00 1274,30 
1060,90 681,26 
12,00 8,10 
397,10 305.30 
1917.00 1767,31 512,81 
1010,53 
435,43 
6,21 
209,75 
1290,56 74,4% 
85,8% 
64,2% 
67,5% 
76,9% 70.6% 
79,3% 
92,2% 63,9% 
76,6% 
68,7% 
73,0% 
Total Objectives 3 * 4 FSE 7243,00 5950,08 4307,51 82,1% 72,4% 
(1) The CSFsfor Objectives 3&4coverthe period from 1.1.1990. Hov#ever, fkjures for planned assistent, commitments and payrnen^ 
well 1989 measures for combating long-term unemployment and facilitating the occupational integration of young people. 
loy 
Table4. CSFs-FINANCIAL IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE 5a 
(A) Processing and marketing of agricultural and forestry products 
(B) Processing and marketing of aquaculture and fisheries products 
1991 - 1992 
Available fundT 
1901-1993 ECU mfflon (1991 prices) 
CommitmenLi 
I 
Available funds Member States 
7A) HT Commitments 
W W W W 
Belgique / Botofe 19,00 2,39 16,94 1,58 89,2% 66,1% 
Danmark 15,70 10,10 14,10 5,35 89,8% 53,0% 
Deutschland 
(old Lender) 67,00 10,62 49.46 7,33 72.8% 67.7% 
Ettas 115.50 12,09 74,75 3.60 64.7% 29,8% 
Espana (Obj. 1) 
Espafta (other) 
France (Obj. 1) 
France (other) 07,60 
50.40 31.92 
5,42 
11,40 
104,10 1.74 
21,29 59.76 
34,92 
0,95 
62,64 19,14 
5,47 
0,30 
12,54 61,2% 
69,3% 60,0% 
100,9% 
87,3% 
60,2% 17,2% 
58,9% 
60,40 11,24 51.77 7,87 85,7% 70,0% 
Hats (Obj. 1) 
Italia (other) 
Luxembourg 80,00 
128,30 14,05 
8,12 41,09 
39,81 
1,20 0,00 0,94 12.15 
7,88 51,4% 
31,0% 
0,00 78,5% 86,5% 
07,0% 
0,0% 
Nederiand 19,00 5.41 12,74 2,44 67,1% 45,1% 
Portugal 113,20 35,84 67.52 27.64 59,6% 77.1% 
U. Kingdom (Obj. 1) 
U. Kingdom (other) 
Total Obj. 5a 
Of which: 
Objective 1 regions 
Other regions 20,30 
39,30 2,24 
18,22 15,46 
24,94 1.13 
13,59 76,2% 
63,5% 50,4% 
74.6% 
543,30 180,89 676.80 128,01 61,1% 67,1% 
498,40 100,12 320,30 71,83 64,3% 65,8% 
444,00 81,77 256,50 56.18 57.7% 68.7% 
Objective 1 regions 
1<oS 
Tables. CSFs -FINANCIAL IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE 5b 
1989 - 1992 
Member States 
Belgique / Belgii 
Total Belgique 
Danmark 
Total Danmark 
Deutschland 
Total Deutschland 
Espana 
Total Espafta 
France 
Total France 
Italia 
Total Italia 
Luxembourg 
Total Luxembourg 
Nederiand 
Total Nederiand 
United Kingdom 
Total United Kingdom 
Total ERDF 
Total ESF 
Total EAGGF 
Total Objective 5b Fund Atiittancf 
planned In 
the CSFs 
(1960-1093) Commitments 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 11,29 
9,67 
11,54 
32,50 
12£0 
6,30 
4,50 
23,00 
248,13 
05.10 
181,77 
525,00 
61.10 
30.00 
184,00 
285,00 
334.96 
176,02 
440,02 
060,00 
145,40 
54,70 
184,00 
385,00 
0,90 
0,18 
1.42 
2,50 
24,90 
6,60 
12,50 
44,00 
276,80 
48,30 
24.90 
350.00 
1116,68 
435^7 
1056,45 
2607,00 Payments 
(D Commitments 
/ 
Estimates 
5,18 
6,98 
5,09 
17,25 2,94 
5,27 
2.78 
10.99 
8,79 
1,40 
1.00 
11,19 6,82 
1,20 
0,00 
8,02 
165,25 
27,85 
104,64 
297,74 
35,77 
22,57 
149,41 
207,75 
255,18 
109,69 
291.93 
656,81 
46,95 
21,17 
97,08 
165,19 
0,30 
0,05 
1,00 
1.35 
18,73 
4,49 
8,30 
31,52 
222,75 
39,05 
12.12 
273,92 
768,89 
233,24 
670,57 
1662,70 113,87 
16,07 
72,59 
202,54 
23,05 
17,43 
106,34 
146,82 
190,88 
69,11 
192,38 
452,36 
20,42 
11,10 
56,66 
88,18 
0,15 
0,02 
0,00 
0,17 
13,74 
3,28 
5.16 
22.18 
184,19 
27,49 
11,42 
223,10 
656,05 
150,98 
447,33 
1154,36 ECU million (1989 prices) 
Payments 
/ 
Commitments 
45,9% 
72,2% 
44,1% 
53,1% 
72,1% 
22,2% 
22.2% 
48.7% 
66,6% 
29,3% 
57,6% 
56.7% 
58,5% 
57,9% 
80,8% 
72,9% 
76,2% 
62,3% 
65,0% 
68.4% 
32,3% 
38,7% 
52,5% 
42,9% 
33,3% 
25,0% 
70,4% 
53,8% 
75,2% 
68,0% 
66,4% 
71,6% 
80,5% 
80,8% 
48,7% 
78,3% 
68,0% 
63,6% 
«3,5* 
63^% 56,7% 
75,5% 
54,6% 
63,7% 
77.5% 
85.7% 
0,0% 
71,6% 
68,9% 
57,7% 
69,4% 
68,0% 
64,4% 
77,2% 
71,2% 
70,7% 
74,8% 
63.0% 
65,9% 
68,9% 
43,5% 
52,4% 
58.4% 
53,4% 
50.0% 
48.9% 
0,0% 
12,8% 
73,4% 
73,1% 
62,2% 
70,4% 
82.7% 
70,4% 
94,3% 
81,4% 
73,3% 
64,7% 
66,7% 
694% 
(1) Payments concerning commitments back to 1089 
WÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ /)c?Ê 
Tabid. CSFs -FINANCIAL IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE 1 
19 9 2 
Ettas 
Total Ellas 
Espafta 
Total Espafta 
France. 
Total France 
Ireland 
Total Ireland 
Italia 
Total Italia 
Portugal 
Total Portugal 
United Kingdom 
Total United Kingdom 
Total ERDF 
Total ESF 
Total EAGGF 
Total Objective 1 
Germany 
(New Under) 
Total Germany ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 1115.98 
396,49 
362,61 
1875,08 
1515.67 
667,14 
434,22 
2617,03 
99.76 
69,58 
51,21 
220,55 
492,81 
178,11 
194,01 
864,93 
785,98 
325,01 
183,66 
1294,66 
1344,06 
585,67 
295,68 
2225,40 
90.12 
67,54 
31,17 
188,84 
5456,64 (2a) 
2289,94 (2b) 
1552,59 (2c) 
9299.18 
488.80 
313.78 
243.40 
1045.98 ECU million (1992 prices) 
Member States Fund Commitments Payments (1) 
(1) Payments concerning commitments back to 1989 
(2) Commitments of 12,69 MECU (a: 12,254, b: 0,395 and c: 0,045) ara 
(3) Payments of 7,903 MECU (a: 7,101, b: 0,342 and c: 0,468) concern 991,28 
257,22 
346,97 
1595,47 
1721,58 
587,04 
432,60 
2741.22 
87,95 
46,00 
64.09 
198,03 
457,10 
297,29 
191,33 
945,72 
1105,19 
235,14 
111,97 
1452,30 
1249.91 
503,32 
344,31 
2097.53 
94,74 
39,00 
19,54 
153,28 
5714^5 (3a) 
196644 (3b) 
161147 (3c) 
9191/46 
634,63 
364,71 
237,71 
1237.05 
not distributed among Member States, 
commitments not distributed among Member States. 
^o ^ 
Table 2. CSFs -FINANCIAL IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE 2 
19 9 2 
Belgique /Belgie 
Total Belgie ERDF 
ESF 76,64 
20.07 
96,71 25,36 
20,69 
46,05 47,57 
17,09 
64,65 ECU million (1992 prices) 
Member States Fund Assistance 
planned in 
the CSFs 
(1992-1993) Commitments Payments (1) Commitments 
/ 
Estimates 
33,1% 
103,1% 
47.6% 
Danmark 
Total Danmark ERDF 
ESF 9,01 
2,58 
11,59 4,42 
1,73 
6,15 1,55 
1.31 
2,86 49,1% 
67.1% 
53.1% 
Deutschland 
Total Deutschland ERDF 
ESF 222,19 
78,81 
301 90,51 
65,72 
156,23 117,14 
50,41 
167,55 40,7% 
83,4% 
51,9% 
Espafta 
Total Espafta ERDF 
ESF 557,32 
166,65 
723,97 282.14 
83,49 
365,63 233,65 
45,23 
278,88 50.6% 
50,1% 
50,5% 
France 
Total France ERDF 
ESF 501,33 
113,45 
614,78 247,60 
70,95 
318,55 217,64 
40,75 
258.39 49,4% 
62,5% 
51,8% 
Italia 
Total Italia ERDF 
ESF 123,3 
55,17 
178,47 126,04 
23,16 
149,20 37,38 
12,48 
49,86 102,2% 
42,0% 
83,6% 
Luxembourg 
Total Luxembourg ERDF 
ESF 10,38 
0,43 
10,81 10,38 
0,43 
10,81 3.11 
0,06 
3.17 100.0% 
100.0% 
100.0% 
Nederiand 
Total Nederiand ERDF 
ESF 70,74 
27,66 
98,4 35,10 
19,42 
54,52 22,17 
16,87 
39,05 49,6% 
70,2% 
55,4% 
United Kingdom 
Total United Kingdom ERDF 
ESF 950,05 
310,55 
1260,6 344,41 
169,05 
513,46 334,32 
142,36 
476,68 36.3% 
54,4% 
40,7% 
Total ERDF 
Total ESF 
Total Objective 2 252045 
77647 
329643 1165,96 
464,91 (2) 
1620,87 1014,63 
326.92 (3) 
134146 46,3% 
68,7% 
494% 
(1) Payments concerning commitments back to 1989 
(2) Commitments of 0,276 MECU ara not distributed among Member States. 
(3) Payments of 0,373 MECU concern commitments not distributed among Member States. 
>/o % 
TableS. CSFs - FINANCIAL IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVES 3&4 
19 9 2 
Belgique/Belgie 
Danmark 
nM#Sf%ll!M^ 
EapaAa 
France 
Itata 
Luxembourg 
Nederiand 
United Kingdom Fund 
ESF 
ESF 
ESF 
ESF 
ESF 
ESF 
ESF 
ESF 
ESF Commitments 
85,12 
33,16 
350,85 
219,92 
533,49 
174,93 
2,43 
104,43 
651,47 ECU million (1092 prices) 
Payments (1) 
68,04 
21.30 
268,43 
166,71 
424,83 
123,10 
2.61 
52,32 
485,59 
Total Objectives 344 ESF 215548 (2) 
(1) Payments con<^rnirtgco<TWnitnwito back to 1969 
(2) <>>mmitmentsof 0,176 MECU ara not oMrtouted among Member States. 
(3) Payments of 0,176 MECU oonoam commKments not distributed among Member States. 161340 (3) 
1o3 
Table4. CSFs-FINANCIAL IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE 5a 
(A) Processing and marketing of agricultural and forestry products 
(B) Processing and marketing of aquaculture and fisheries products 
1992 
ECU million (1092 Prices) 
I Available funds I 
Member States 1991-1993 Commitments 
I W I (B) I W | ft)" 
Belgique / Belgie 20,28 2,55 10,42 0,35 
Danmark 16,76 10,77 9,64 3,30 
ueuDjcraana 
(old Lander) 72,46 11,55 30,62 3.93 
Etas 123,26 12,00 63,62 0,00 
Espafta (Obj. 1) 
Espafta (other) 104,16 
53,70 34.06 
5.78 44.08 
27,77 12,84 
3,76 
Franca (Obj. 1) 
France (other) 12,17 
111,10 1,85 
22,72 8,78 
42,04 0,24 
7.70 
64,46 11,99 30,00 4,18 
(Obj.1) 
(otnar) 85,38 
13642 14.99 
8,66 31,38 
27,61 7,77 
4.03 
Luxembourg 1,28 0,00 0,27 0,00 
Nederiand 20,28 5,78 6,62 1.79 
ronugai 120,81 38,25 40,77 21,53 
U. Kingdom (Obj. 1) 
U. Kingdom (other) 21,66 
41.94 2,39 
19,44 9.39 
14,61 0,46 
7.91 
Total Obj. 6a 1006,69 203.71 398,61 •0,69 
Of which: 
Objective 1 regions 
otner ragions 531,89 116,43 228,91 47,02 
474,80 87,25 169,59 33,67 
Objective 1 regions 
'M o 
Table5, CSFs - FINANCIAL IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE 5b 
19 9 2 
Member States 
Belgique / Belgie 
Total Belgique 
Danmark 
Total Danmark 
Deutschland 
Total Deutschland 
Espafta 
Total Espafta 
France 
Total France 
Italia 
Total Nasa 
Luxembourg 
Total Luxembourg 
Nederiand 
Total Nederiand 
United Kingdom 
Total United Kingdom 
Total ERDF 
Total ESF 
Total EAGGF 
Total Objective Sb Fund Commitments 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
(1) PaymerteCTXx^rr^commitrnenU back to 1989 2,52 
3,45 
1,26 
7,22 
3,23 
0,00 
0,00 
3,23 
91,65 
4,45 
73,60 
169,70 
7,83 
7,60 
99,94 
115,36 
115,86 
42,43 
183,81 
342.10 
17,29 
9,44 
49,82 
76,55 
0,00 
0.05 
0.00 
0,05 
7,78 
2.17 
4,97 
14,92 
67,95 
2,37 
3,60 
73,92 
314,10 
71,96 
417,00 
803,06 ECU million (1992 prices) 
Payments (1) 
1,09 
2,63 
0,90 
4,61 
3,26 
0,04 
0,00 
3,29 
81.96 
2.40 
57,36 
141,71 
9,31 
7,44 
68,63 
85,38 
92,38 
34,82 
135,75 
262,94 
6,27 
4,74 
29,68 
40,68 
0,00 
0,03 
0,00 
0.03 
6,64 
1.70 
3,66 
12,00 
85,80 
8,66 
3,96 
98,42 
286,69 
6246 
29942 
649,06 
/)4 1 
ANNEX III 
Table 1- Community Initiatives: allocation of commitments by Funds 
(ECU million - current prices) 
a) In 1992 a commitment of 6,16 MECU must be added, concerning the "Euroqualification" Global grant of ESF. 
b) In 1992 following commitments for POSEIMA must be added: ERDF 2 MECU for Portugal; 
EAGGF-O: 9 MECU for Spain, 14 MECU for France and 9 MECU for Portugal. 
c) A STRIDE programme for OBJ 2 regions in France has been implemented by a Global grant. BELGIQUE / BELGIE (a) 
Rechar 
Stride 
Leader 
Euroform 
Now 
Horizon 
DANMARK 
Stride 
Leader 
Euroform 
Now 
Horizon 
DEUTSCHLAND 
Rechar 
Stride 
Lmadmr 
Euroform 
Now 
Horizon 
ELLAS 
Envireg 
Prisma 
Regen 
Stride 
Télématique 
Leader 
Euroform 
Now 
Horizon 
ESPANA (b) 
Envlrmg 
Rechar 
Prisma 
Regis 
Stride 
Télématique 
Leader 
Euroform 
Now 
Horizon 
FRANCE (b)(c) 
Rechar (d) 
Prisma 
Télématique 
Envireg (e) 
Envireg-Stride 
Regls-Envlreg-Stride 
Prisma-Telemauque 
Leader 
Euroform 
Now 
Horizon ERDF 
1991 
9.74 
7.47 
2,27 
-
1,84 
1,84 
-
• 
-
35,60 
15,95 
4,02 
15,63 
-
-
-
73,71 
16,35 
48.00 
9.36 
. 
-
159,08 
38,02 
7,08 
4.56 
19.42 
43,43 
7.14 
39.43 
-
30,23 
11.40 
4.00 
-
. 
14.83 
. 
-1992 
2,47 
0.38 
0.73 
1,36 
-
" 
0,91 
0.91 
-
-
-
1,95 
1,82 
0,13 
-
-
-
-
141,36 
36,77 
1.10 
26.35 
22,29 
15,99 
28.43 
0.55 
0,30 
7.58 
77,76 
-
-
14.49 
36.27 
17.35 
5.43 
1,87 
2.35 
66.10 
14.69 
0.64 
10.21 
13.07 
2.65 
24.28 
0,36 EAGGF-O 
1991 
2,23 
-
-1992 
0.86 
" 
2,23 0,66 
-
-; 
• 
-
• 
-
-
-
; 
-
-
-
-
-
0,18 
0,18 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
41,51 
4,43 
-
-
2.71 
-
-
34,37 
-
-
1.07 
-
-
-
-
• 
1.07 
-
-
--
-ESF 
1991 | T992 
5,99] 13,86 
-J 2.94' 
0,04 j 0,27 
-
3,19 
1,60 
•! 1.16 
0,68 
0,68 
-
-
-
8.17 
-
8.17 
-
-
-
21.12 
-
-
-
-
-
21.12 
-
-
-
29.62 
5.09 
-
-
3.66 
-
20.88 
-
-
-
42.28 
-
-
-
-
-
21,06* 
-
21.22 
-
-
-3.58 
-
-
1,58 
0,70 
1.30 
35.71 
6J9Ô 
7.94 
20,67 
-
-
-
-
-
-
--• -
4.00 
2,97 
3,68 
3.97 
0.36 
0,61 
0,90 
0.30 
1,80 
40,06 
" 
-
-
20,08 
2.95 
17,03 
62,62 
1,35 
0^52 
2,461 
11,23 
10,56 
36,70 
9,88 j 125.08 
0.74 
0.72 
1.02 
2,02 
5.38 
- \ 
• 
33,05 
0.20 
__: 
-
3,47 
14.66 
14,72 -
-
2.59 
55,60 
29,33 
37.56 
44.32 
0,29 
1,72 
3,63 
19.65 
3.65 
15.18 
•*1Z. 
IRELAND 
Envireg 
Prisma 
Regen 
Stride 
Télématique 
Leader 
Euroform 
Now 
Horizon 
ITALIA 
Envireg 
Prisma 
Stride 
Télématique 
Leader 
Euroform 
Now 
Horizon 
Interreg Regen 
Interreg Bolzano 
LUXEMBOURG 
Stride 
Leader 
Now 
Horizon 
NEDERLAND 
Stride 
Leader 
Euroform 
Now 
Horizon 
PORTUGAL (b) 
Envireg 
Prisma 
Regen 
Rechar 
Regis 
Stride 
Télématique 
Leader 
Euroform 
Now 
Horizon 
UNITED-KINGDOM 
Envireg 
Rechar 
Prisma 
Stride 
Télématique 
Leader 
Euroform 
Now 
Horizon 
Communautaire (f) 
Interreg ERDF 
1991 
48,93 
2,80 
9,38 
3.98 
13,07 
11.00 
8,70 
-
-
-
119.16 
62,51 
2,33 
35,31 
4,18 
14,83 
-
-
0,18 
• 
0.18 
• 
• 
2,13 
0.87 
1.26 
-
• 
64.26 
21.58 
-
2,71 
4.51 
4,43 
10.79 
20.24 
-
-
-
11,17 
2.19 
-
-
-
-
8.98 
-
-
• 
244.07 1992 
132.25 
8,27 
-
114,37 
-
7.97 
-
0.33 
1.31 
69.71 
10,44 
-
4.29 
25,47 
23,03 
• 
2,90 
0.65 
2,00 
0,93 
2,05 
2.05 
-
-
-
-
-
• 
-
-
73.34 
29.57 
5,30 
25.83 
-
-
-
8.01 
0.99 
3,56 
0.06 
146,75 
1,80 
104,13 
5.67 
29.68 
5.40 
-
0,07 
429,12 EAGGF-O 
1991 
3,63 
-
-
-
-
-
3,63 
-
-
-
7,93 
0,98 
-
-
-
6.95 
-
-
-
-
0.29 
-
0.29 
-
0.11 
-
0.11 
-
-
16.43 
0,07 
-
-
-
-
-
-
16.36 
-
-
-
0.96 
-
-
-
-
-
0.96 
-
-
-
6.44 1992 
4.68 
4.66 
26.13 
26,13 
" 
5.64 
5.84 
3.68 
* 
3.68 
14.86 ESF" 
1991 
-
• 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
87,62 
-
-
-
4.77 
50,20 
19,80 
12,85 
-
-
-
-
-
-
7,02 
-
-
3.15 
3fiJ 
1.05 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.05 
-
""•** ' 
36.91 
-
-
-
-
-
31.14 
5.77 
-
-1992 
35.85 
-
-
-
2.18 
12.33 
4,81 
16,53 
33,75 
-
-
-
-
5.16 
6.03 
8.74 
14,82 
-
-
TÏ7 
. 
0.37 
0.20 
0,60 
13,18 
0.03 
6.71 
1.19 
3.25 
44.49 
-
-
0,26 
-
047 
12,85 
12.84 
18,07 
56.57 
18.13 
-
-
2.17 
3.86 
3.87 
28.54 
4.56 
d) Including 2,74 MECU committed in 1990. (1991 prices) 
e) 12,06 MECU must be added to this figure, representing commitments not allocated among initiatives decided for Objective 1 regions. 
f) In 1992 commitments of 66,45 MECU must be added for INTERREG - art. 10 credits. 
* Commitment EAGGF-O only for REGIS. 
** For the Euroform, Now and Horizon initiatives ESF credits of 0,492 MECU for technical assistance 
have been approved as global commitments and cannot therefore be allocated by initiatives. 
A^ ANNEX1V 
Table 1 - Summary table of programmes decided for 
Objective 1 regions (1989-92) 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
ELLAS 
1989 
OP LUTTE PHYLLOXERA 
OP ARRACHAGE ABRICOTIERS 
IMPVORIAELLADA 
IMP DYTIKJ ELLADA KAI PELOPONNISOS 
IMP NISOIAGAIOU 
IMP STEREA KAI ANATOLIKI ELLADA 
IMP KRHTH 
1990 
OPBIOMHXANIATOURISMOS 1990 
OP ASSISTANCE TECHNIQUE 
OP APASXOLISH SE SYLLOGHKES ANAGKES 
OP ACTION FORMATION PROFESSIONN. DE BASE 
OP ATOMA ME EIOIKES ANAGKES 
OP YGEIA 
OP METAFORES 
OP TRAPEZES - ASFALISTIKES ETAIRIËS 
OP PROOTHHSH THS APASXOLHSHS 
OP EPAGGELMAT. KATARTISH PROSAN. GYNAIKON 
OP ENERGIA 
OP DEYTEROBATHMtA EKPAIDEYSH 
OP METANASTES - PAUNNOSTOYNTES 
OP PANEPISTHMIA - DHMOSIOS TOMEAS • TEI 
OP OIAKRATIKA 
OP NOVATEURS 
OP KAINOTOMIKA • STOXOS 1 
OP SIBUROMATIKES KAINOTOMIKES ENERGEIS 
OPATTIKHS 
OP BELTIOSHS KATARTISHS ÉKPAIDEYSHS 
OP HLEKTRISMOS 
OP MEGALOIODIKOIAJONES 
IMP TEXNOLOGIA 
MOP THLEPIKOINWNIES 
MOP EREUNAS KAI TEXNOLOGIAS 
OP BIOMHXANIKES PERIOXES 
OP SIOHRODROMOI 
MOP ANAPTUJH KAI ENOUNAMWSH GERWRGIKWN 
MOP DYTIKI ELLADA 
MOP PELOPONNISSOS 
MOP DYTIKI MAKEDONIA 
MOP ATTIKI 
MOP IONIA NISIA 
MOP IPIROTIKI ELLADA 
MOP VORIO AIGAIO 
MOP IPIROS 
MOP NOTIO AIGAIO 
MOPTHESSALIA 
MOP KENTRIKI MAKEDONIA 
MOP KRITI 
MOP ANATOLIKI MAKEDONIA 
KAITHRAKI 
1991 
OP PERIBALLON 
1992 
OP EKSIGHRONiSMOS TIS DIMOSIAS DOIK1SIS 
OP PROGRAMMA TEXNIKHS VOITHEIAS 
MOP AUJHSH ANTAGWNISTIKOTHTAS EPIXEIRHSEWN 
MOP ISORROPH ANAPTUJH TOU TOURISMOU 
OP THLEPIKOINWNIWN 
OP MESURES FORESTIERES 
OP RESTRUCTURATIONS OLIVERAIES Commission 
decision 
date 
l_ 05.07.89 
05.07.89 
21.12.89 
21.12.89 
21.12.89 
21.12.89 
21.12.89 
0507.91 
14.06.91 
11.07.90 
17.07.90 
17.07.90 
11.07.90 
11.07.90 
11.07.90 
11.07.90 
17.07.90 
17.07.90 
17.07.90 
17.07.90 
02.06.90 
10.12.90 
10.12.90 
31.12.90 
19.12.90 
19.07.90 
31.05.91 
20.12.90 
14.12.90 
14.12.90 
12.10.90 
30.07.90 
30.07.90 
3007.90 
1212.90 
27.11.90 
27.11.90 
27.11.90 
1611.90 
12.10.90 
27.09.90 
20 08.90 
20.08.90 
30.07.90 
30.07.90 
30.07.90 
30.07.90 
16.06.90 ei 
1012.90 
25.07.91 
26.08.92 
07.09.92 
30.07.92 
30.07.92 
10.11.92 
05.11.92 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
. 
-
-
. 
. 
-
-
-
. 
. 
. 
-
-
. 
. 
. 
-
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
X 
X 
X 
. 
02.11.92 | ESF 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
-EAGGF 
, 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. . 
. 
. 
. 
. 
-
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
X 
X DG 
Respon­
sible 
——— 
6 
6 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
6 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
5 
5 
16 
16 
16 
6 
6 
AMS< 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
ESPANA 
1989 
OP ALMERIA LEVANTE 
OP CIUDAD REAL 
1990 
OP INSTALACION DE JOVENES Y PLD 
OP CONTRATACION INDEFINIDA E INST. DE JOVENES 
OP CONTR. INDEF/INSTAL. PARADOS LD 
OP PARADOS LD EN REGIONES OBJ1 
OP JOVENES PARADOS REGIONES OBJ1 
OP FORM. PROF. MIGRANTES/INDEPENDIENTES 
OP FORM.PROF. SEGURIDAD MARITIMÂ JOVENES 
OP FORM. PROF PARA MINUSVALIOOS 
OP FORM PROF. EN MEDIO RURAL 
OP ASTURIAS FORM. AUTOEMPLEO DE PARADOS LD 
OP ASTURIAS FORM MENORES DE 25 ANOS 
OP CANARIAS PARADOS LD FORM. AYUDA EMPLEO 
OP CANARIAS JOVENES FORM. AYUDA AL EMPLEO 
OP CASTILLA Y LEON PARADOS LD 
OP CASTILLA Y LEON JOVENES FORM. PROF. 
OP CASTILLA LA MANCHA PARADOS LD 
OP CASTILLA LA MANCHA PARADOS JUVENILES 
OP EXTREMADURA JOVENES FORM. PROF. 
OP GALICIA FORM. PARADOS LD 
OP GALICIA FORM. DE JOVENES 
OP MURCIA PARADOS LD 
OP MURCIA JOVENES 
OP VALENCIA PARADOS LD 
OP VALENCIA JOVENES 
OP CANARIAS ESTUD. SEGUl/ EVALUACION MEDIDAS 
OP AYUDAS FORM.PROF. MEDIO RURAL 
OP OBSERVATORIO OCUPACIONAL 
OP DESEMPLEADOS LD CLASIF CALIF. ASESORAMI 
OP INSERCION PROFESIONAL 
OP FORM. VICULADA DESARROLLO REGIONAL 
OP FORM. PROF. ENS SECUNOA/MODULÔS PROF. 
OP CONTR. TEMPORAL/TRABAJOS SOCIALES 
OP EXTREMADURA RECURSOS HUMANOS 
OP CASTILLA Y LEON FORM 
OP CANARIAS VALOR DE RECURSOS HUMANOS 
OP ASTURIAS FORMACION 
OP ANDALUCJA VALOR RECURSOS HUMANOS 
OP ANDALUCIA PARADOS LD 
OP ANDALUCIA FORM. PROF/MENORES 25 ANOS 
OP ASTURIAS 
OP CASTILLA LA MANCHA 
OP FORMADORES DE EMPLEO 
OP MURCIA RECURSOS HUMANOS 
OP VALENCIA SISTËMA NAC/ NSENANZA FORM PROF. 
OP GALICIA FORM Y CREACION DE EMPLEOS 
OP MURCIA ESTUD MERCADO DE TRABAJO REGION. 
OP GALICIA 
OP EXTREMADURA 
OP CASTILLA LA MANCHA FORM. PROF. 
OP EXTREMADURA PARADOS LD 
OP CESSATION ACTIVITES AGRIC 
OP AMELIOR PROD AGRIC. CASTILLA-La-MANCHA 
OP AMELIOR PROD AGRIC. VALENCIA 
OP AMELIOR PROD AGRIC CASTILLA-Y-LEON 
OP AMELIOR PROD AGRIC EXTREMADURA 
OP AMELIOR PROD AGRIC. ASTURIAS 
OP PROTECTION ENVIRONMENT EXTREMADURA 
OP PROTECTION ENVIR CASTILLA-LA-MANCHA 
OP PROTECTION ENVJR COM VALENCIANA 
Of' PROTECTION ENVIRONMENT ASTURIAS 
OP AMELIOR PROD AGRIC MURCIA 
OP AMELIORATION COND PROD AGRIC GALICIA Commission 
decision 
date 
26.10.89 
26.10.89 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
19.03.90 
19.03.90 
19.03.90 
1912.90 
26.10.90 
21.11.90 
26.10.90 
06.11.90 
06.11.90 
06.11.90 
06.11.90 
06.11.90 
06.11.90 
10.08.90 
10.06.90 
02.08.90 
17.12.90 
19.12.90 
12.11.90 
12.11.90 
14.12.90 
06.11.90 
14.06.91 
19.07.91 
20.09.91 
20.09.91 
07.11.91 
19.03.90 
19.03 90 
19.03.90 
02.08.90 
30.11.90 
30.11.90 
30.11.90 
30.11.90 
20.11.90 
20.11.90 
11.12.90 
11.12.90 
17.12.90 
02.08.90 
3011.90 
30.11.90 
11.12.90 
17.12.90 
17.12.90 
27.07.90 
02.08.90 
19.07.90 
21.09.90 
21.09.90 
21.09.90 
26.09.90 
26.09.90 
26.09.90 
13.11.90 
13.11.90 
10.12.90 
10.12.90 
10.12.90 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
X 
X 
. 
. 
. 
-
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
-
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
-ESF 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X ..... 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
-EAGGF 
. 
. 
. 
_ 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
_ 
_ 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
„ 
. 
. 
. 
.„„, 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
x DG 
Respon­
sible 
16 
16 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
S 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
-lu 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
OP PROTECTION ENVIRONMENT GALICIA 
OP LUTTE EROSION SOLS MURCIA 
OP PROTECTION ENVIR. CASTILLA-Y-LEON 
OP IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURES CANARIAS 
OP ELEVAGE ANDALUCIA 
OP FRUTTICULTURE HORTICULTURE VALENCIA 
OP REORIENTATION PROD. EXTREMADURA 
OP ELEVAGE ASTURIAS 
OP INFRAESTRUCTURA CIENTIFICA 
OP Castilla-la-Mancha 
IOP Comarca de la Marcha 
IOP CASTILLA Y LEON Salamanca 
OP CANARIAS 
IOP ISIe da la Gomara CANARIAS 
OP Actividades aconômicas GALICIA 
IOP Production agraria GALICIA 
OP VALENCIA • 
OP ASTURIAS 
OP CEUTA 
OP MELILLA 
OP MURCIA 
OP EXTREMADURA 
OP bosques ANDALUCIA 
1991 
OP VALENCIANA 
OP CASTILLA Y LEON FORM. 
OP PROTECTION ENVIR CANARIAS 
OP REORIENTATION PROD AGR1. GALICIA 
OP REOR PROD AGRI. CASTILLA-Y-LEON 
OP RAT. DEVELOP. PROD. AGRIC. MURCIA 
OP REORIENTATION PROD AGRI. CANARIAS 
OP REOR PROD AGRI. CASTILLA-LA-MANCHA 
OP CASTILLA Y LEON II 
OP RECURSOS HIDRICOS 
OP ENTIDADES LOCALES 
OP INCENTiVOS REGIONALES 
OP MALAGA 
OP GRANADA 
OP GALICIA 
SUB GLOBAL MURCIA 
SUB GLOBAL ANDALUCIA 
1992 
OP BAJO GUADALQUIVIR 
OP AMELIOR. PROD. AGRIC. MELILLA 
OP POSEICAN 
FRANCE 
1989 
IMP CORSE 
1990 
OP CORSE 
OP MARTINIQUE 
IMP CORSE 
OP GUADELOUPE 
OP REUNION 
MOP CORSE 
OP GUADELOUPE 
OP VAL RESSOURCES AGRIC. GUADELOUPE 
MOP GUYANE 
OP MARTINIQUE 
OP AGRICULTURE & DEV. RURAL MARTINIQUE 
MOP REUNION 
OP POSEIDON 
IRELAND 
1989 
MOP PROTECTION RURAL DEVELOP. 
MOP INDUSTRY 
MOP TOURISM Commission 
decision 
date 
10.12.90 
10.12.90 
10.12.90 
10.12.90 
10.12.90 
11.06.90 
10.12.90 
10.12.90 
19.07.90 
14.12.90 
31.01.90 
14.12.90 
14.12.90 
30.07.90 
27.09.90 
12.12.90 
14.12.90 
14.12.90 
14.12.90 
14.12.90 
14.12.90 
14.12.90 
12.12.90 
10.03.92 
10.03.92 
12.08.91 
01.07.91 
01.07.91 
01.07.91 
12.07.91 
09.07.91 
23.05.91 
07.03.91 
23.05.91 
24.06.91 
26.09.91 
16.12.91 
16.12.91 
14.06.91 
16.12.91 
30.01.92 
19.02.92 
16.06.92 
28.07.89 
10.10.90 
10.10.90 
21.12.89 
10.10.90 
14.12.90 
20.12.90 
20.12.90 
17.12.90 
20.12.90 
20.12.90 
17.12.90 
20.12.90 
10.12.92 
01.08.89 
21.12.89 
21.12.89 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
X 
-
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
-
X 
X 
-
X 
-
X 
X 
X ESF 
. 
. 
. 
-
-
-
. 
-
-
. 
X 
X 
-
X 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
-
. 
-
-
-
-
-
-
. 
-
-
-
. 
-
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
X 
-
-
X 
-
. 
X EAGGF 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
X 
X 
-
X 
. 
X 
-
-
-
-
-
-
X 
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
-
-
X 
-
X 
X 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
X I DG 
Respon­
sible 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
6 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
6 
5 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
6 
6 
16 
5 
5 
S 
5 
5 
16 
16 
6 
16 
16 
6 
16 
6 
6 
16 
16 
inç 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TiTLES 
1990 
OP DISABLED 
OP IRLANDE OBJ 1 
OP LT UNEMPLOYED 
OP INTEGRATION OF YOUNG 
OP HUMAN RESSOURCE FOLLOW UP 
OP UNEMPLOYED FOR OVER A YEAR 
OP EXEPTIONAL MEASURES 
OP PERIPHERALITY 
OP SANITARY SERVICE 
OP FORESTRY 
MOP FORMATION 
MOP RURAL DEVELOPMENT 
1992 
GLOBAL GRANT 
ITALIA 
1989 
OP METANIZZAZIONE 
OPAREEATTREZZATE 
OP RISORSEIORICHE 
OPTELEFONIADIBASE 
1990 
OP MEZZOGIORNO 
OPABRUZZO 
OP MOLISE 
OP CAMPANIA 
OP PUGLIA 
OP BASILICATA 
OP CALABRIA 
OP SICILIA 
OPSARDEGNA 
OP PROGETTO 
OP MEZZOGIORNO ENTIPUBLICI 
OP CONOSCENZA LINGUA MATERNA FIGLI MIGRANTI 
IMP SARDEGNA 
IMP SICILIA (2ame phase) 
OP ENTI PUBLICI 
IMP BASILICATA 
OP VOLGARIZZAZIONE AGRICOLA 
OP VALORIZZAZIONE PROD. AGRIC. MEZZOGIORNO 
OP VALOR. RIS AGRIC. & SVIPËV. RURAL CALABRIA 
OP TURISMO 
MOP RICERCA 
MOP ABRUZZO 
MOP BASILICATA 
MOP CALABRIA 
MOP CAMPANIA 
MOP MOLISE 
OP SARDEGNA 
MOP SICILIA 
1991 
OP INDUSTRIA 
MOP PUGLIA 
SOW GLOBALE PUGLIA 
OP MIGLIORPROD AGRIC. _ CULT. ALT.MEZZOGIORNO 
1992 
SOW GLOBALE TOURISME 
SOW GLOBALE EFIBANCA 
SOW GLOBALE GEPI 
SOW GLOBALE ANCE 
SOW GLOBALE COFINDUSTRIA 
SOW GLOBALE IASM 
SOW GLOBALE UN|ONCAMERE 
SOW GLOBALE SAROAIGNE 
SOW GLOBALE FsME Commission 
decision 
date 
08.01.90 
29.03.90 
16.10.90 
12.12.90 
17.12.90 
17.12.90 
14.12.90 
10.08.90 
30.07.90 
09.07.90 
14.12.90 
17.12.90 
24.09.92 
21.12.89 
21.12.89 
21.12.89 
21.12.89 
14.06.91 
0310.90 
17.12.90 
301290 
26.03.91 
26.10.90 
21.1290 
15.10.90 
03 08 90 
02 06.90 
121290 
12 12 90 
1907.88 
1612 91 
17.1290 
12.07.88 
0509.90 
10.1090 
16.1090 
14.12.90 
2012.90 
20.12 90 
201290 
2012 90 
14 12 90 
201290 
2012 90 
141290 
25 07 91 
25 07.91 
25.07.91 
2911.91 
02.03.92 
02.03.92 
02.03.92 
02.03.92 
02.03.92 
02.03.92 
02.03 92 
15.07.92 
09.12.92 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
. 
. 
. 
. 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
• X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
. 
-
-
. 
. 
_ 
. . 
-
-
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
_____ .-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X ESF 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
X 
. 
-
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
-EAGGF 
. 
. 
. 
. 
_ 
. 
. 
X 
X 
. 
_, 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
: 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
X 
X*., 
X-, 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
X 
» 
X 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
-DG 
Respon­
sible 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
16 
16 
6 
16 
6 
16 
• 
16 
16 
16 
16 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5_ 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
6 
6 
6 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
6 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
nil 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
PORTUGAL 
1989 
PNIC ACORES 
PNIC PEDIP 
OID SETUBAL 
OP PRODAC 
1990 
OP FORM. PROF7DESEMPREGADOS 
OP DESEMPREGADOS LD 
OP ADULTOS DEFICIENTES DESEMPRGAOOS 
OP MULHERES ADULTAS 
OP EMIGRANTES ADULTOS 
OP FORM.PROF7JOVENS 
OP JOVENS/PROCURA DE EMPREGO 
OP FORMVEMPREGO PARA JOVENS DEFICIENTES 
OP MULHERES JOVENS 
OP EMIGRANTES JOVENS 
MOP PODAAEF 
OP PEDIP 
OP FORMACOA PROFISSIONAL 
OPFANI 
OP FPJRAA 
OP INTEMPERIES 
SUBVENTION GLOBALE 
MOP PRODEP 
OP PROTEDE 
PROTER 
MOP CIENCIA 
OPSIMC 
MOP MADEIRA 
MOP PEDRAA 
NORTE 
MOP Alto Minho 
MOP Tras-os-MontAS 
MOP Area Metrop. Porto 
MOP Vale do Ave 
MOP Norte 
CENTRO 
MOPCaotro " 
MOP Raia Central 
MOP Pinhal Interior 
ALENTEJO 
OP Utoral Atantajano 
OP Centre & Baixo Alan. 
MOP Entra Mira a Guad. 
OP Zona dos Marmores 
LISBOA E VALE DO TEJO 
MOP Oasta 
OP Grande Lisboa 
MOPVaJedoTajo 
ALGARVE 
MOP Sotavanto AJgarvio 
MOP Barlavento Algarvio Commission 
decision 
date 
31.05.89 
13.07.89 
08.08.89 
01.12.89 
12.04.91 
08.01.90 
08 01.90 
08.01.90 
08.01.90 
12.04.90 
08.01.90 
08.01.90 
08.01.90 
08.01.90 
31.12.90 
31.05.91 
08.01.90 
31.12.90 
31.12.90 
30.07.90 
17.05.90 
18.06.90 
20.12.90 
04.12.90 
20.03.90 
04.12 90 
27.07.90 
18.06.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07 90 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
X 
-
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X ESF 
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
X 
-
-
X 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
X 
-
X 
-
X 
X 
X EAGGF 
-
-
-
. 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
X 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
X 
-
X 
-
X 
X 
X DG 
Respon­
sible 
16 
16 
16 
16 
5 
5 
5 
S 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
S 
5 
5 
6 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
s) n <g 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
1991 
OP AT 
OP AT 
OP AT MODERNIZAO DA ADMINISTRAO PUBLICA 
OP AT INSTITUTO DO EMPREGO E FORM. PROF. 
OP PRODIATEC 
OP DEVELOPPEMENT DES PATURAGES ACORES 
OP ACTIONS FORESTIERES 
OP DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL MIRA 
OP RESTRUCTURATION DU VIGNOBLE (CONTINENT) 
1992 
OP REMEMBR CESSATION ACTIVITE AGRICOLE 
OP PROTEC. ENVIR BIEN-ETRE ANIMAL 
OP RESTRUCT. DU VIGNOBLE MADEIRE & ACORES 
OP SECHERESSE 92 
OP INVEST. EXPLOITATIONS AGRICOLES 
OP POSEIMA-ACORES 
OP POSEIMA - MADEIRA 
UNITED-KINGDOM (NJ.) 
1989 
OP TRANSPORT 
1990 
OP UNEMPLOYMENT 
OP INTEGRATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE INTO EMPLOY 
OP SEE REGIONS 
OP HUMAN RESOURCES 
OP AGRIC. DEVELOPMENT 
MOP TOURISM 
OP PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 
MOP INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT Commission 
decision 
date 
29.10 91 
18 07.91 
05 08.92 
11.12.92 
20 03 91 
06 06 91 
06.06.91 
21.11.91 
07.0891 
17.02.92 
28.07.92 
05.10.92 
31.07.92 
30.07.92 
31.07.92 
31.07.92 
01.12.89 
14.12.90 
23.02.90 
02.08.90 
11.07.90 
14.12.90 
30.07.90 
20.09.90 
14.12.90 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
. 
-
. 
X 
-
-
.. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
-
-
-
X 
-
. 
-
-
. 
X 
X 
X ESF 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
. 
^™— 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
X 
. 
X EAGGF 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
x • 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
X 
. 
. 
-DG 
Respon­
sible 
5 
5 
5 
5 
16 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
16 
5 
5 
5 
5 
6 
16 
16 
16 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
NEW LANDER AND EAST-BERUN 
BERLIN 
BRANDEBURG 
MECKLENBURG 
FREISTAAT SÀCHSEN 
SACHSEN ANHALT 
THURINGEN 
PROGRAMME GLOBAL Commission 
decision 
date 
26.0391 
21.06.91 
01.01.91 
26.03.91 
21.06.91 
01.01.91 
26 0391 
21.06.91 
01.01.91 
26 03.91 
21.0691 
01.01.91 
26.0391 
21.06.91 
01.01.91 
26.03.91 
21.06.91 
01.01.91 
26.03.91 
01.01.91 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
X 
-
-
X 
-
-
X 
-
-
X 
-
-
X 
. 
-
X 
-
-
X 
-ESF 
. 
-
X 
-
. 
X 
-
. 
X 
-
. 
X 
. 
-
X 
. 
. 
X 
. 
X EAGGF 
. 
X 
-
. 
X 
-
. 
X 
-
. 
X 
-
. 
X 
-
-
X 
-
• 
-DG 
Respon­
sible 
16 
6 
5 
16 
6 
5 
16 
6 
5 
16 
6 
S 
16 
6 
5 
16 
6 
5 
16 
5 
-"M 3 
Table 2 - Summary table of programmes decided for 
Objective 2 regions (1989-91) 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
BELGIQUE 
1990 
WALLONIE 
OP Liage 
OP Charleroi at Centra 
OP Aubange 
VLAANDEREN 
OPUmburg 
OPUmburg 
OPTumhout 
OPUmburg 
OPTumhout 
WALLONIE 
OP Charteroi Form. prof. 
OP Liage Form. prof. 
OP Aubange Form. prof. 
DANMARK 
1990 
MOP NORTH JUTLAND 
MOP VESTLOLLAND 
DEUTSCHLAND 
1989 
OP SAARLAND 
MOP NORDRHEIN-WESTFALLEN 
MOP BERLIN 
1990 
OP EMDEN 
OP PEINE SALZGITTER 
OP RHEINLAND-PFAU 
OP BREMEN 
OP BREMEN 
OP SAARLAND 
ESPANA 
1990 
OP OBSERVATORIO OCUPACIONAL 
OP CANTABRIA 
OP FORM. VINCULADA RECONV. REGIONAL 
OP MADRID 
OPNAVARRA 
OP ARAGON 
OP RIOJA 
OP PAIS VASCO 
OP CATALUNYA 
OP CATALUNA 
OPNAVARRA 
OP LA RIOJA 
OP MADRID 
OP PAIS VASCO Commission 
decision 
date 
19.07.90 
19.07.90 
19.07.90 
17.05.91 
27.07.90 
17.07.90 
27.09.90 
27.09.90 
22.10.91 
22.10.91 
22.10.91 
14.12.90 
14.12.90 
15.12.89 
21.12.89 
21.12.89 
11.07.90 
11.07.90 
02.06.90 
02.08.90 
18.06.90 
27.09.90 
03 08.91 
25.07.90 
10.08.90 
02.08.90 
02.08.90 
06.11.90 
12.12.90 
10.12.90 
10.12.90 
20.12.90 
20.12 90 
20.12.90 
20.12.90 
29.05.90 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
X 
X 
-
-
-
X 
X 
....... 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
X 
X 
' 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X ESF 
— 
-
-_ 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
X 
X 
X 
* 
X 
X 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
-
-EAGGF 
- -• ••-
. 
-
. 
. 
-
-
— 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—— 
-
-
-
-
-
. 
-
-
. 
-
-
. 
-DG 
Respon­
sible 
16 
16 
16 
5 
5 
5 
16 
16 
6 
E 
5 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
5 
5 
5 
5 
16 
16 
' 
5 
5 
5 
5 
S 
& 
6 
5 
5 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
/iZo 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
FRANCE 
1989 
OP NORD-PAS-DE-CALAIS 
1990 
OP HAUTE-NORMANDIE 
OP FRANCHE- COMTE 
OP BOURGOGNE 
OP PAYS DE LA LOIRE 
OP NORD-PAS-DE-CALAIS 
OP LORRAINE 
OP BASSE-NORMANDIE 
OP BRETAGNE 
OP AUVERGNE 
OP LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON 
OP AUVERGNE OID 
OP MIDI-PYRENEES 
OP PROVENCE-COTE D'AZUR 
OP RHONE-ALPES 
OP CHAMPAGNE-ARDENNES 
OP POITOU-CHARENTE 
OP AQUITAINE 
OP AQUITAINE 
OP AUVERGNE 
OP BASSE-NORMANDIE 
OP BOURGOGNE 
OP BRETAGNE 
OP CHAMPAGNE-ARDENNE 
OP FRANCHE-COMTE 
OP HAUTE-NORMANDIE 
OP LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON 
OP LORRAINE 
OP MIDI-PYRENNEES DecazaviHe 
OP MIDI-PYRENNEES Fioaac 
OP MIDI-PYRENNEES Atoi-Carmaux 
OP Dévaloppamant das antrapriaas (NPDC) 
OP Formation-recherche (NPDC) 
OP PAYS DE LA LOIRE 
OP PICARDIE 
OP POITOU-CHARENTES 
OP PROVENCE-ALPES-COTE D7VZUR 
OP RHONE-ALPES 
ITAUA 
1990 
OP LIGURIA 
OP LIGURIA 
OP LOMBARDIA 
OP LOMBARDIA 
OP MARCHE 
OP MARCHE 
OP PIEMONTE 
OP PIEMONTE 
OP TOSCANA 
OP TOSCANA 
OP UMBRIA 
OP VALLE D'AOSTA 
OP VENETO 
OP LAZIO Commission 
decision 
date 
21.12.89 
05.06.91 
06.08.90 
07.08.90 
08 08.90 
06.08.90 
23 08.90 
26.10.90 
10.10.90 
26.10.90 
26.10.90 
11.06.87 
17.12.90 
21.11.90 
17.12.90 
17.12.90 
12.12.90 
25.07.91 
19.07.90 
20.03.90 
18.06.90 
16.06.90 
16.06.90 
18.06.90 
20.03.90 
20.03.90 
-18.06.90 
27.09.90 
16.06.90 
19.07.90 
1907.90 
18.06.90 
18.06.90 
18.06.90 
18.06.90 
18 08.90 
16.06.90 
20.03.90 
27.11.90 
0310.90 
27.11.90 
17.12.90 
14.12.90 
12.11.90 
27.11.90 
03.08.90 
27.11.90 
12.11.90 
31.10.90 
30.07.90 
27.11.90 
20.12.90 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
X 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
X 
-
X 
-
X 
-
X 
-
X 
X 
X 
X ESF 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
X 
-
X 
-
X 
-
X 
-
X 
-
-
-
-EAGGF 
. 
-
. 
. 
. 
. 
"T 
: , 
-
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
-
. 
-
. 
. 
. 
. 
-
-
-
-
-
-
. 
. 
. 
-
. 
-
. 
. 
. 
. 
-
-
. 
-
-
. 
. 
. 
. 
-DG 
Respon­
sible 
16 
5 
8 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
E 
S 
6 
6 
S 
5 
5 
5 
5 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
S 
16 
6 
16 
5 
16 
6 
16 
6 
16 
16 
16 
16 
"13^ 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
NEDERLAND 
1990 
OP TWENTE 
OP ZUID LIMBURG 
OP GrVZUID-OOST DRENTHE 
OP TWENTE 
OP ZUID LIMBURG 
OP GrJZUID-OOST DRENTHE 
UNITED-KINGDOM 
1989 
OP MERSEY BASIN II 
MOP MANCHESTER & SALFORD 
MOP MERSEYSIDE 
MOP Industrial SOUTH WALES 
MOP DURHAM & CLEVELAND 
OP YORK Steal area 
MOP TAWSEN 
1990 
OPUKOBJ2 
OP UK OBJ2 
OPUKOBJ2 
OPUKOBJ2 
OPUKOBJ2 
OP BLACK COUNTRY 
OP COVENTRY 
OP SHROPSHIRE & STAFFORDSHIRE 
OP EAST MIDLANDS 
OP HUMBERSIDE 
OP MrD YORKSHIRE 
MOP WALES (CLWYD) 
OP FIFE 
OP CENTRAL REGION 
OP TAYSIDE II 
1991 
OP WEST CUMBRIA Commission 
decision 
date 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
19.07.90 
18.07.90 
30.07.90 
21.12.89 
21.12.89 
21.12.89 
19.12.89 
21.12.89 
16.12.91 
21.12.69 
21.12.88 
02.08.90 
02.08.90 
02.06.90 
02.08.90 
20.03.90 
20.03.90 
20.03.90 
30.07.90 
19.07.90 
19.07.90 
20.03.90 
19.07.90 
19.07.90 
19.07.90 
05.12.91 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
. 
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X ESF 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
-
-
-
X 
-
-
-
-EAGGF 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
. 
_..-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-DG 
Respon­
sible 
5 
S 
5 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
6 
S 
6 
5 
E 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
^^z. 
Table 3 - Summary table of programmes decided for 
Objective 2 regions (1992) 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
BELGIQUE 
1992 
WALLONIE 
OP Charleroi 
OP Liege 
OP Aubange 
OP Aubange 
OP Liege 
OP Charleroi 
VLAANDEREN 
MOPLimburg 
MOPTumhout 
DANMARK 
1992 
MOP NORTH JUTLAND 
MOPVESTLOLLAND 
DEUTSCHLAND 
1992 
OP RHEINLAND-PFALZ 
OP EMDEN 
OP PEINE SALZGITTER 
MOP BREMEN 
MOP BERLIN 
MOP NORDRHEIN-WESTFALLEN 
MOP SAARLAND 
OP EMDEN 
OP PEINE 
ESPANA 
1992 
OP ARAGON 
OP CATALUNA 
MOP NAVARRA 
OP LA RIOJA 
OP MADRID 
OP PAIS VASCO 
FRANCE 
1992 
MOP AUVERGNE 
MOP AQUITAINE 
MOP RHONE-ALPES 
MOP POITOU-CHARENTE 
MOP PAYS DE LA LOIRE 
MOP BOURGOGNE 
MOP FRANCHE-COMTE 
MOP PICARDIE Commission 
decision 
date 
24.09.92 
24.09.92 
24.09.92 
03.04.92 
03.04.92 
03.04.92 
21.05.92 
21.05.92 
03.04.92 
21.05.92 
10.06.92 
30.09.92 
30.09.92 
05.05.92 
05.05.92 
05.05.92 
05.05 92 
24.09.92 
24.09.92 
2409 92 
17.06 92 
06 07.92 
17.06 92 
09.12.92 
1812.92 
30.01.92 
02.03.92 
02.03.92 
02.03.92 
03.04.92 
03.04.92 
03.04.92 
03.04.92 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X ESF 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
-
X 
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X EAGGF 
.». 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
,. 
•*-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
. 
-
-DG 
Respon­
sible 
5 
6 
6 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
6 
5 
5 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
^3 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
MOP BRETAGNE 
MOP NORD-PAS-DE-CALAIS 
MOP LORRAINE 
MOP CHAMPAGNE-ARDENNES 
MOP HAUTE-NORMANDIE 
MOP PACA 
MOP LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON 
MOP BASSE-NORMANDIE 
MOP MIDI-PYRENNEES FIGEAC 
MOP MIDI-PYRENNEES DECAZEVILLE 
MOP LORRAINE PED 
MOP MIDI-PYRENNEES ALBI 
ITALIA 
1992 
MOP LIGURIA 
MOP LOMBARDIA 
MOP MARCHE 
MOP PIEMONTE 
MOP TOSCANA 
MOP UMBRIA 
MOPVALLEDAOSTA 
MOPVENETO 
MOPLAZIO 
LUXEMBOURG 
1992 
MOP LUXEMBOURG 
NEDERLAND 
1992 
MOPTWENTE 
MOP ZUID-LIMBURG 
MOP GRONINGEN 
UNITED-KINGDOM 
1992 
OP WEST MIDLANDS 
OP EASTERN ENGLAND 
OP EASTERN SCOTLAND 
MOP TAWSEN 
MOP DURHAM & CLEVELAND 
MOP BIRMINGHAM 
OP BLACK COUNTRY 
OP COVENTRY 
OP SHROPSHIRE & STAFFORDSHIRE 
MOP Industrial SOUTH WALES 
MOP CLWYD 
OP TAYSIDE 
OP FIFE 
OP CENTRAL REGION (SCOTLAND) 
OP EAST MIDLANDS 
OP HUMBERSIDE 
OP MID YORKSHIRE 
MOP MERSEY BASIN 
MOP MERSEYSIDE 
MOP MANCHESTER 
OP LOTHIAN 
MOP WEST CUMBRIA 
MOP YORKSHIRE & HUMBERSIDE Commission 
decision 
date 
03.04.92 
03.04.92 
03.04.92 
03.04.92 
05.05.92 
21.05.92 
21.05.92 
21.05.92 
21.05.92 
15.07.92 
21.05.92 
21.05.92 
09.12.92 
09.12.92 
18.12.92 
18.12.92 
09.12.92 
25.11.92 
25.11.92 
25.11.92 
18.12.92 
24.09.92 
21.05.92 
21.05.92 
21.05.92 
-
-
-
05.05 92 
05.05 92 
05.05.92 
05 05.92 
0505.92 
05.05.92 
21.05.92 
21.05.92 
21.05.92 
06.07.92 
06.07.92 
06.07.92 
06.07.92 
06.07.92 
06.07.92 
06.07.92 
06.07.92 
30.07.92 
20.10.92 
25.11.92 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X ESF 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
-
X 
X 
-
-
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
-
X 
X EAGGF 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-DG 
Respon­
sible 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
5 
6 
5 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
16 
Table 4 - Summary table of programmes decided for 
Objective 3 and 4 regions (1989-1992) 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
BELGIQUE 
OP OBJ 3 VL GEM. BIJWERKING BASISOPLEIDING BEROEPSOPLEIDING 
OP OBJ 3 VL GEM.OPLEIDING IN TECHNOLOGISCHE BEROEPEN 
OP OBJ 3 VL GEM.MAATREGELEN VOOR KANSARME GROEPEN 
OP OBJ 3 DE. GEM.LANGZEITARBEITSLOSE 
OP OBJ 4 VL GEM.BUWERKING BASISOPLEIDING BEROEPSOPLEIDING 
OP OBJ 4 VL GEM.OPLEIDING IN TECHNOLOGISCHE BEROEPEN 
OP OBJ 4 VL GEM.KANSARME GROEPEN 
OP OBJ 4 DE. GEM.JUGENDARBEITSLOSIGKEiT 
OP OBJ 3/4 PROGRAMME NATIONAL 
OP OBJ 3/4 VL GEM.HULP BU INDIESTNEMING 
OP OBJ 3/4 PROGRAMME NATIONAL ART. 1.2 
OP OBJ 3/4 VL GEM ART. VERORD 4253-88 
OP OBJ 3/4 COMM FR. FORM.PROF. INSERT. JEUNES ET CHOMEURS LD 
OP OBJ 3/4 COMM.FR. ACCOMP. ART. 1.2/4255/88 
OP OBJ 3/4 DE GEM. TECHNISCHE HILFE 
OP OBJ 3/4 BRUXELLES CAP AIDE/EMBAUCHE JEUNES & CHOMEURS LD 
OP OBJ 3/4 REGWALL AIDES/EMBAUCHE 
OP OBJ 3 VLGEM. 92-93 
OP OBJ 4 VL GEM 
OP OBJ 3/4 PROGRAMME NATIONAL-MET-FORM AE & AT 
OP OBJ 3/4 VLGEM. TECHNISCHE BIJSTAND 
OP OBJ 3/4 DE. GEM. 
DANMARK 
OP OBJ 3/4 ERHVERVSUDOANNELSER OG VIDEREUDDANNELSER/OMSKOLING 
OP OBJ 3/4 ANSAETTELSES- OG rVAERKSAETTERSTOTTE. 
OP OBJ 3/4 PERSONGRUPPER DER HAR SAERLrGT VANSKELIGTVEDD AT KOMME 
OP OBJ 3/4 FORSOEGSANSOEGNINGER VEDR ËRHVERVSUODANNELSE OG OMSKO 
OP OBJ 3/4 ËRHVERVSUODANNELSE, VIDEREUDDANNELSER/OMSKOLING OF LOENT 
OP OBJ 3/4 FORSOEGSANSOEGNINGER VEDR ËRHVERVSUODANNELSE OG LEDSA-
DEUTSCHLAND 
OP OBJ 3 SCHLESWIG-MOLSTEIN LANGZErTARBErTSLOSIGKEIT 
OP OBJ 3 HAMBURG LANGZEITARBEITSLOSIGKEIT 
OP OBJ 3 NIEDERSACHSEN QUALIFIERUNGSPROJEKTEN FUER LANGZEITARBErrSLOSE 
OP OBJ 3 NIEDERSACHSEN LANGZEITARBEITSLOSiGKEIT 
OP OBJ 3 BREMEN LANGZEITARBEITSLOSIGKEIT 
OP OBJ 3 NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN 
OP OBJ 3 BADEN-WUERTTEMBERG LANGZEITARBErf SLOSIGKEIT 
OP OBJ 3 BAYERN LANGZEiTARBEiTSLOSIGKEIT VON SCHWERBEHINDERTEN & FRAUEN 
OP OBJ 3 DEUTSCHLAND 
OP OBJ 3 LANGZEITARBEiTSLOSIGKEIT 
OP OBJ 4 JUNGENDLICHER WANOERARBEITNEHMER/BINATIONAL 
OP OBJ 4 SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN EINGLIEDERUNG VON JUGENLICHEN INS ERWERBSLEBE 
OP OBJ 4 HAMBURG EINGLIEDERUNG VON JUGENUCHEN INS ERWERBSLEBE 
OP OBJ 4 NIEDERSACHSEN 
OP OBJ 4 NIEDERSACHSEN QUALIFIZIERUNGSMASSNAHMEN ZUR EINGLIEDERUNG 
OP OBJ 4 BREMEN BERUFLrCHE EINGLIEDERUNG JUNGER MENSCHEN 
OP OBJ 4 NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN 
OP OBJ 4 HESSEN EINGUEOERUNG VON JUGENLICHEN INS ERWERBSLEBE 
OP OBJ 4 BAYERN EINGUEOERUNG BEHINDERTER UND BENACHTEILIGTER JUNGENLICHER 
OP OBJ 4 DEUTSCHLAND 
OP OBJ 4 EINGLIEDERUNG JUGENUCHER INS ERWERBSLEBE 
OP OBJ 3/4 HAMBURG SCHWERPUNKTUEBERGREIFENDE MASSNAHMEN Commission 
decision 
date 
-
14.12.90 
10.09.90 
14.12.90 
03.08 90 
10.09.90 
10.09.90 
10.09.90 
01.10.92 
14.12.90 
10.09.90 
24.01.92 
11.07.91 
14.12.90 
05.07.91 
11.07.91 
20.09.90 
03.12.92 
16.12.92 
16.12.92 
16.12.92 
11.12.92 
07.12.92 
02.08.90 
13.08.90 
02.08.90 
24.07.91 
16.12.92 
16.12.92 
10.12.90 
02.06.90 
03.10.90 
03.10.90 
24.07.90 
03.10.90 
24.07.90 
02.08.90 
21.11.90 
10.12.90 
02.12.91 
17.10.90 
11.07.90 
13.08.90 
03.10.90 
03.10.90 
22.10.90 
10.10.90 
02.08.90 
02 08.90 
10.12.90 
02.08.90 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
-
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
. 
-
-
-
-
-
: 
. 
. 
-
. 
-
-
-
. 
. 
. 
______ 
. 
—:— 
. 
-ESF 
——=-^ 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X-... 
x'lL. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
.«,.. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X EAGGF 
..... 
— 
-
_.._!_"" 
-
. 
I__. 
. 
-
-
-
-
. 
.._.* 
. 
-
. 
-
11'i.Zi 
-
-DG 
Respon­
sible 
5 
5 
E 
B 
5 
S 
6 
6 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
E 
E 
6 
B 
E 
6 
S 
6 
6 
6 
6 
5 
6 
6 
B 
S 
E 
E 
E 
B 
B 
5 
S 
5 
6 
E 
B 
E 
6 
E 
6 
S 
6 
5 
E 
B 
-i<s 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
OP OBJ 3/4 NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN 
OP OBJ 3/4 HESSEN 
OP OBJ 3/4 RHEINLAND-PFALZ 
OP OBJ 3/4 RHEINLAND-PFALZ 
OP OBJ 3/4 BADEN -WUERTTEMBERG LANGZEiTARBEiTSLOSIGKEIT JUGENDEINGLIEDËRUNG 
OP OBJ 3/4 BERLIN LANGZErTARBEfTSLOSIGKEIT & JUGENDEINGLIEDËRUNG 
OP OBJ 4 DEUTSCH-FRANZOESISCHES JEGENSWERK 
OPOBJ4-GZ ~ " 
OP OBJ 3/4-GZ BA 
OP OBJ 3/4 SCHLESWIG-HÔSTEIN 
OP OBJ 3/4 HAMBURG 
OP OBJ 3/4 NIEDERSACHSEN 
OP OBJ 3/4 BREMEN LANGZEiTARBEiTSLOSIGKEIT & JUGENDEINGLIEDËRUNG 
OP OBJ 3/4 NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN 
OP OBJ 3/4 HESSEN 
OP OBJ 3/4 RHEINLAND-PFALZ 
OP OBJ 3/4 BADEN-WUERTTEMBERG LANGZErTARBEITSLOSIGKEiT & JUGENDEINGUEDERUNG -
OP OBJ 3/4 SAARLAND 
OP OBJ 3/4 BERLIN 
ESPANA 
OP OBJ 3 PARADOS LT: CONTRACTACION INDEFINIDA E INSTALACION 
OP OBJ 4 CONTRATACION INDEFINIDA E INSTALACION DE JOVENES 
OP OBJ 3/4 INSTAL DE PLD Y DE JOVENES EN S.L 
OP OBJ 3/4 DESEMPLEOS LD: CLASSIFICACION . CALIFICACION. ASEROREMIENTO 
OP OBJ 3 FORM PROF DE PARADOS 
OP OBJ 4 FORM PROF OCUPACIONAL A JOVENES PARADOS 
OP OBJ 3/4 FORM E INSERC PROF EN EL PLAN NACIONAL 
OP OBJ 3/4 OBSERVATORIO OCUPACIONAL 
OP OBJ 3/4 MIGRANTES: FORM PROF/ACTMDADES INDEPENDANTES 
OP OBJ 3/4 ART.1/4255/88 ESTUDIO: MATERIALES DIDACTICOS 
OP OBJ 3/4 FORM EN SEGURIDAD MARfTIMA DE PARADOS LD Y JOVENES 
OP OBJ 3/4 PROGR TRANSNACIONAL Y DE FORM AGENTES SOCIALES EN REGIONES 
OP OBJ 3/4 FORM PROF PARA MINUSVALIDOS 
OP OBJ 3/4 FORM DE PERSONAL SANITARIO 
OP OBJ 3/4 FORM Y EMPLEO EN MEDIO RURAL EN RËGÎONËS ÉXCEPTUADAS DE OBJ 1 
OP OBJ 3/4 MUJERES : ACCIONES INNOVADORAS Y DE ORIËNTACION 
OP OBJ 3/4 ANALISIS DE TRAYECTORIAS LABORALES ART 1.2B/4255/88 
OP OBJ 4 ARAGON FORMACION DE JOVENES 
OP OBJ 3 ARAGON FORMACION Y APOYO A LA CONTRACTACION PARADOS LT 
OP OBJ 3 BALEARES FORM PROF Y AYUDAS AL EMPLEO PARA PARADOS LT 
OP OBJ 4 BALEARES FORM PROF Y AYUDAS AL EMPLEO PARA JOVENES 
OP OBJ 3 CANTABRIA FORM PROF PARADOS LD Y AYUDAS ALA CONTRATACION 
OP OBJ 4 CANTABRIA FORM PROF PARADOS JOVENES 
OP OBJ 3 CATALUNYA FORM PROF PARADOS LT 
OP OBJ 4 CATALUNYA FORM PROF PARA JOVENES DESEMPLEADOS 
OP OBJ 3/4 BARCELONA FORM DE TECNICOS EN TRANSFERENCIA DE TECNOLOGIA 0 
OP OBJ 3/4 BARCELONA FORM DE CARACTER INNOVADOR EN ZONAS FUERA DE OBJ 1 
OP OBJ 3/4 CATALUNYA FORM DE CARACTER INNOVADOR EN ZONAS FUERA DE OBJ 1 
OP OBJ 3 MADRID FORM PROF Y AYUDAS AL EMPLEO PARA PARADOS LT 
OP OBJ 4 MADRID FORM PROF Y AYUDAS AL EMPLEO PARA JOVENES PARADOS 
OP OBJ 3/4 MADRID FORM DE CARACTER INNOVADOR EN ZONAS FUERA DË OBJ 1 
OP OBJ 4 NAVARRA FORM PROF DE BASE Y DE CUALIFICACION 
OP OBJ 3 PAIS VASCO FORM PROF: AYUDAS AL EMPLEO Y MEDIDAS 
OP OBJ 4 PAIS VASCO FORM DE BASE : AYUDAS AL EMPLEO Y MEDIDAS 
OP OBJ 3/4 AT ESTUDIOS Y DIAGNOSTrCbs/4255/88 
OP OBJ 3 RIOJA FORMACION PROF MEDIA Y BASE 
OP OBJ 4 RIOJA FORM PROF Y AYUDAS AL EMPLEO 
OP OBJ 3/4 SG Commission 
decision 
date 
24.07.90 
14.12.90 
27.07.90 
27.07.90 
10.08.90 
11.12,90 
23.07.92 
30.10.92 
09.12.92 
09.12.92 
03.12.92 
09.12.92 
04.12.92 
07.12.92 
09.12.92 
04.12.92 
09.12.92 
07.12.92 
07.12.92 
25.07.90 
25.07.90 
25.07.90 
05.06.91 
02.08.90 
02.08.90 
26.06.91 
03.07.91 
29.11.90 
12.12.90 
25.07.90 
21.11.90 
25.07.90 
22.03.81 
29.11.90 
05.06.91 
05.06.91 
21.11.90 
21.11.90 
21.11.90 
21.11.90 
21.11.90 
17.12.90 
14.07.90 
12.12.90 
26.06.91 
26.03.91 
26.03.91 
14.12.90 
10.12.90 
26.06.91 
14.12.90 
21.11.91 
21.11.91 
03.07.91 
17.12.90 
17.12.90 
10.06.92 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
• 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
. 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
. 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
. 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-ESF 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X EAGGF 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
-
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
— 
. 
-
. 
-
. 
. 
-
. 
. 
-
-
-
. 
. 
-
. 
-
. 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-DG 
Respon­
sible 
S 
5 
5 
B 
5 
E 
E 
5 
6 
6 
E 
6 
5 
6 
S 
5 
G 
6 
6 
6 
6 
5 
G 
6 
5 
6 
G 
G 
6 
6 
B 
6 
G 
G 
G 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
G 
6 
E 
E 
G 
6 
G 
6 
G 
G 
G 
6 
S 
6 
/? ^6 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
FRANCE 
OP OBJ 3 CHOMEURS LD 
OP OBJ 4 JEUNES 
OP OBJ 3 
OP OBJ 4 
ITALIA 
OP OBJ 3 VALLE D' AOSTA FORM PROF PER 1990-1992 ART. 1/2052/88 
OP OBJ 3/4 FORM GIOVANI & DISOCCUPATI LD 
OP OBJ 3/4 LOMBARDIA 
OP OBJ 3/4 TRENTO DISOCCUPAZIONE LD E INSERIMENTO PROF DEI GIOVANI 
OP OBJ 3/4 BOLZANO 
OP OBJ 3/4 VENEZIA- GIULIA 
OP OBJ 3/4 VENETO ASSI: 1-2-5 
OP OBJ 3/4 LIGURIA 
OP OBJ 3/4 EMILIA ROMAGNA 
OP OBJ 3/4 TOSCANA 
OP OBJ 3/4 UMBRIA 
OP OBJ 3/4 MARCHE 
OP OBJ 3/4 LAZIO 
OP OBJ 3/4 ENTI PUBBLICI 
OP OBJ 3/4 FIGLIDI MIGRANTI : ART 1.2/4255 PRESERVARE LINGUA MATERNA 
OP OBJ 3/4 FORM LAVORATORI MIGRANTI 
OP OBJ 3/4 CENTRO-NORD ART. 1,2 Commission 
decision 
date CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
02.08 90 
j2.08.90 
22.12.92 
22.12.92 
15.10.90 
14.12.90 
14.12.90 
14.12.90 
14.12.90 
14.12.90 
03.06.90 
14.12.90 
27.09.90 
05.09.90 
14,12.90 
14.12.90 
14.12.90 
11.12.90 
14.12.90 
19.06.91 
LUXEMBOURG 
OP OBJ 4 AIDES DIRECTES A L'EMPLOI 
OP OBJ 3/4 HANDICAPES 
OP OBJ 3/4 NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES 
GG OBJ 3/4 ACTIONS TRANSFRONTALIERES 
OP OBJ 3/4 AT ART. 1,2 
NEDERLAND 
OP OBJ 3LANGDURIG WERKLOZEN 
OP OBJ 4 SCHOLING JONGEREN 
OP OBJ 3LANGDURIG WERKLOZEN 
OP OBJ 4 SCHOLING JONGEREN 
UNITED-KINGDOM 
OP OBJ 3 
OP OBJ 3 
OP OBJ 3 PRIORITY AXIS 3 
OP OBJ 4 
OP OBJ 4 
OP OBJ 4 
OP OBJ 3/4 
OP OBJ 3 PRIORITY 1 
OP OBJ 3 PRIORITY 1 
OP OBJ 3 PRIORITY 2 
OP OBJ 4 PRIORITY 1 
OP OBJ 4 PRIORITY 1 
OP OBJ 4 PRIORITY 2 
OP OBJ 3/4 TA VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING ART. 1,2 
OP OBJ 3/4 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ART. 1,2 02.08.90 
02.08.90 
02 08.90 
02.08.90 
08.05.91 
11.07.90 
11.07.90 
11.12.92 
02.08 90 
02.06.90 
02.08.90 
02.08.90 
02.08.90 
02.08.90 
05.11.90 
17.12.92 
17.12.92 
18.12.92 
18.12.92 
181292 
18.12.92^ 
17.12.92 
17.12.92 ESF EAGGF DG 
Respon­
sible 
-^ 
^ 
Table 5 - Summary table of programmes decided for 
Objective 5b regions (1989-92) 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
BELGIQUE 
OP WALLONIE 
OP WALLONIE 
OP WALLONIE RESSOURCES HUMAINES 
MOP HAGELAND 
NEDERLAND 
MOP FRIESLAND 
DANMARK 
MOP Rural district of DK 
DEUTSCHLAND 
MOP NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN 
MOP BAYERN 
MOP SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN 
MOP BADEN-WURTTEMBERG 
MOP HESSEN 
MOP RHEINLAND-PFALZ 
MOP NIEDERSACHSEN 
MOP SAARLAND 
ESPANA 
MOP PAIS VASCO 
MOP NAVARRA 
OP ARAGON 
OP ARAGON 
OP ARAGON FOM. DES. ZONAS RURALES 
MOP SIERRA NORTE MADRID 
MOP BALEARES 
MOP LA RIOJA 
MOP CANTABRIA 
MOP CATALUNA 
OP Pluriragional Cooperatives 
OP Pluriragional INEM 
FRANCE 
MOP ALSACE 
OP AUVERGNE 
OP AUVERGNE 
OP AUVERGNE 
MOP CENTRE/SUD BERRY 
MOP CHAMPAGNE-ARDENNE 
MOP FRANCHE-COMTE Jussey 
MOP LIMOUSIN 
MOP LORRAINE 
MOP LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON 
MOP JURA (Bugey-AinXFEOGA-FEDER) 
OP MASSIF JURA (Bugey-AinXFSE) 
MOP MASSIF JURA (Jura) Commission 
decision 
date 
24.07.91 
14.03.91 
12.05.92 
19.07.91 
24.06.91 
10.12.90 
04.12.90 
04.12.90 
30.07.91 
02.08.91 
02.06.91 
19.07.91 
05.08.91 
22.04.92 
28.05.91 
27.06.91 
25.07.91 
26.09.91 
16.09.91 
28.05.91 
19.07.91 
04.06.91 
28.05.91 
15.07.91 
16.09.91 
20.09.91 
24.06.91 
06.12.90 
05.02.91 
04.06.91 
30.07.91 
28.05.91 
27.06.91 
19.03.91 
04.06.91 
17.05.91 
19.07.91 
21.11.91 
02.07.91 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
-
X 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
X 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
X 
-
X 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
X ESF 
_ — 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
X 
. 
X 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
X 
X EAGGF 
X 
-
X 
X 
~ 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
X 
X 
—_ 
X 
X 
-
X 
X 
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
X DG 
Respon­
sible 
6 
16 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
-
6 
6 
6 
16 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
5 
5 
6 
6 
16 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
/12<è 
COUNTRIES/ REGIONS/TITLES 
MOP DROME 
MOP ISERE 
MOP AIN 
MOPARDECHE 
MOP POITOU-CHARENTES ARC-EST 
MOP POITOU-CHARENTE MARAIS 
OP POITOU-CHARENTE MARAIS 
MOP BASSE-NORMANDIE 
MOP PAYS DE LA LOIRE 
MOP BRETAGNE 
MOP BOURGOGNE 
MOP NORD-AQUITAINE 
MOP AQUITAINE-PYRENEES 
MOP LOZERE 
MOP AUDE-HERAULT 
MOP PACA 
Midi-Pyrenees 
MOP MASSIF CENTRAL 
MOP MIDI-PYRENEES/PYRENEES 
OP RHONE-ALPES 
ITAUA 
OP BOLZANO 
OP BOLZANO 
OP BOLZANO 
MOPLAZIO 
MOP MARCHE 
MOP PIEMONTE 
MOP TOSCANA 
MOP TRENTO 
MOP UMBR1A 
MOP VENETO 
LUXEMBOURG 
MOP LUXEMBOURG 
UNITED-KINGDOM 
OP DUMFRIES AND GALLOWAY 
OP DUMFRIES AND GALLOWAY 
MOP HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS 
OP HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS 
MOP DYFED. GWYNED & POWYS 
OP DYFED, GWYNED & POWYS 
OP DEVON & CORNWALL 
MOP DEVON & CORNWALL Commission 
decision 
date 
27.06.91 
12.07.91 
24.0691 
04.06.91 
15.0791 
04.08.92 
24.09.92 
13.0691 
24.07.91 
18.03.91 
27.03.91 
02.07.91 
30.07.91 
10.12.90 
17.05.91 
24.07.91 
18.02.91 
29.07.91 
19.12.91 
06 06.91 
11.07.91 
07 11.91 
25.11.91 
25.11.91 
0212.91 
06 0691 
12.04.91 
27.06.91 
29.07.91 
30 07.91 
05.02.91 
23 0491 
19.0391 
07.07.92 
27.05 92 
14.05.91 
08 05.91 
07.07.92 CONCERNED FUNDS 
ERDF 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
X 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
-
X 
X 
-
• 
X ESF 
-
-
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
X 
-
-
X 
-
X 
X 
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
X 
X 
-
X 
X 
X 
X EAGGF 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
X 
-
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
-
. 
X 
-
-
-
-
-DG 
Respon­
sible 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
5 
6 
16 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
16 
6 
5 
S 
16 
4*3 \$%% J&NNBX V 
Table 1 - OBJECTIVES 3 AND 4 - RELATIVE WEIGHT BETWEEN 
COMBATTING LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT AND 
FACILITATING THE OCCUPATIONAL INTEGRATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE 
IN THE CSFs 
COUNTRY 
Belgique / België 
Deutschland 
Danmark 
Espafta 
France 
Italia 
Luxembourg 
Nederiand 
United Kingdom 
TOTAL OBJECTIVE 3 
1990-1992 
53% 
48% 
49% 
39% 
48% 
17% 
26% 
55% 
55% 
45% 1993 
54% 
62% 
51% 
53% 
52% 
22% 
55% 
64% 
55% 
51% OBJECTIVE 4 
1990-1992 
47% 
52% 
51% 
61% 
52% 
83% 
74% 
45% 
45% 
55% 1993 
46% 
38% 
49% 
47% 
48% 
78% 
45% 
36% 
45% 
49% 
Table 2 - OBJECTIVES 3 AND 4 - ALLOCATION 
BY MEMBER STATE OF AMOUNTS PROVIDED FOR 
IN THE CSFs FOR 1993 
ECU million (1993 prices) 
COUNTRY ALLOCATION % 
BY M.S. 
Belgique /België 8jM 4J% 
Deutschland 293,9 13,9% 
Danmark 50JJ 2,4% 
Espafta 288,7 13,6% 
France 447J 21,1% 
Italia 300 14,2% 
Luxembourg 3,6 0,2% 
Nederiand 117,9 5fi% 
United Kingdom 525,7 24,8% 
TOTAL 2117,1 j 100,0% 
Horizontal measures 
Regulation (EEC) n° 2328/91 
(1a) Setting-up aid for young farmers (Art. 10) 
(1b) Additional investment aid for young farmers (Art.11 ) 
(2) Aid for individual investments (Art.7) 
(3) Aid for joint investments in less-favoured areas [Art.20) 
(4) Aid for vocational training (Art.28) 
(5) Aid for the keeping of accounts (Art.13) 
(6) Aid for groups providing mutual assistance (Art. 14) 
(7) Aid for relief services (Art.15) 
(8) Aid for farm management services (Art. 16) 
(9) Compensatory allowance (Art. 19) 
(10) Premium for sensitive areas (Title VII - Art.24) 
(11) Aid for five-year set-aside of arable land (Art.2) 
( 12) Extensification aid (Art.3) 
( 13) Forestry measures (title VIII - Art.2 5 et 26) 
(14a) Early retirement - cessation allowance - Reg. 1096/88 - Art.4 
(14b) Early retirement - restructuring premium - Reg.1096/88 - Art.6 
(16a) Aid for producers' organizations - Fruit and Vegetables • Reg. 1035/72 
(16b) Aid for producer groups - Reg. 1360/78 Member State 
Bj 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
(X) 
X 
. 
X 
X 
(X) 
. 
. 
(X) 
(X) DK 
X 
X 
X 
. 
X 
X 
X 
(X) 
. 
-
X 
X 
. 
X 
. 
. 
(X) 
-D 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
X 
. 
-
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
(X) | 
-EL 
X 
X 
X 
X 
(X) 
X 
X 
(X) 
(X) 
X 
. 
X 
. 
X ES 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
(X) 
(X) 
X 
. 
X 
. 
X 
. 
X (X) 
X X 
X X F 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
X 
(X) 
X 
X 
X 
. 
X 
X IRL 
X 
X 
X 
(X) 
(X) 
. 
. 
-
. 
. 
IX) 
X 
. 
X 
. 
X 
X 1 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
X 
X L 
X 
X 
X 
. 
(X) 
. 
X 
(X) 
(X) 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
. 
(X) 
-NL 
X 
X 
X 
. 
X 
. 
(X) 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
(X) 
X 
. 
1 
(X) 
. p 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
X 
X 
. 
-(*) 
-(•) 
X 
. 
X 
X UK 
. 
X 
X 
X 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
. 
X 
• i o 
5" 3©" 
* o 
3e en 
» ? 
~* 3-2. 
1 fi 
S "* 2 o « 3 
BU 2, 
3 g" 
a o 
d a 
a sr 
3ï 
C 
3 0> 
0 
updated 25/02/1993 
NotM* 
(2).(11) and (12) : Measures wich the Member States must compulsoriry apply . 
X : Measure applicable during the year in question on the basts of national legislation approved by the Commission. 
(X) Idem, but without giving rise to an EAGGF Guidance Section reimbursement in 1992; 
- : No Implementing regulations in the Member State. 
(•) : Application of this measure is not obligatory In the case of Portugal. 
-13 n 
Table I 
Individual loans and global loan credits approved by the EIB (ECU million) 
Regional 
Development 
Objective I zones 
(including régions 
of East Germany) 
Objective 2 and 
5b zones 
Other zones of 
Community 
actions (e.g. IMP) 
Other zones, 
covered by 
national aid 
Projects 
concerning a 
number of zones 1989 
7 071,1 
3 392,5 
2 659,8 
317,7 
222,9 
478,2 1990 
7439,6 
3 478,8 
2 800,1 
295,7 
256,4 
608,6 1991 
8 491,6 
4 637,2 
2 769,4 
391,5 
248,2 
445,2 1992 
11 792,9 
6 371,6 
4 553,3 
245,8 
339,5 
282,9 TOTAL I % 
34 795,2 I 100,00 
17880,1 $1,40 
12 782,6 36,10 
1250,7 3,60 
1 067,0 3,10 
1814,9 5,20 
A3z, 
Table 2 
Individual loans and credits financed by the EIB in Objective 1 regions 
(ECU million) 
Member States 
Geramany 
Greece 
Spain 
France 
Ireland 
Italy 
Portugal 
UK 
TOTAL EIB financing in Objective J 
regions, 1992 
MECU 
707,4 
391,9 
2 023,4 
67,0 
291,1 
1559,4 
1 303,5 
27,9 
6371,6 % 
11,10 
6,15 
31,76 
1,05 
4,57 
24,47 
20,46 
0,44 
100,00 EIB financing in Objective 1 
regions, 1989-1992 
MECU 
1 087,8 
977,3 
4 277,5 
95,5 
929,8 
6 540,6 
3 815,1 
156,4 
17880,0 % 
6,08 
5,47 
23,92 
0,53 
5,20 
36,58 
21,35 
0,87 
100,00 
Table 3 
Individual loans and credits financed by the EIB in 1992 
Member States 
Belgium 
Denmark 
Germany 
Greece 
Spain 
France 
Ireland 
Italy 
Luxembourg 
Netherlands 
Portugal 
UK 
TOTAL Amounts financed 
in zones of 
Objectives 1, 2 and 
5b 
57,0 
224,5 
990,4 
392,0 
2929,1 
1094,8 
291,0 
2183,8 
11,9 
15,6 
1303,6 
1431,2 
10924,9 of which 
concerned with 
CSF measures 
40,9 
24,5 
334,0 
330,3 
2336,7 
299,1 
278,5 
1469,8 
15,6 
977,8 
781,6 
68880 (ECU million) 
of which 
associated with aid 
from the Structural 
Funds 
255,4 
995,2 
59,5 
49,0 
345,9 
294,5 
326,6 
-:::-2874m 
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 
BCC 
BC-NET 
CAP 
CEMR 
CIP 
COMETT 
CSF 
EAGGF 
ECOS 
ECSC 
ECU 
EIB 
ENVIREG 
ERDF 
ESF 
EUROFORM 
EURO-
PARTENARIAT 
GDP 
GFCF 
GNP 
HORIZON Business Cooperation Centre 
Business Cooperation Network 
Common agricultural policy 
Council of European Municipalities and Regions 
Community initiative programme 
Community action programme in education and training for 
technology 
Community support framework 
European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund 
- Guarantee Section 
- Guidance Section 
Cooperation network with East European cities 
European Coal and Steel Community 
European currency unit 
European Investment Bank 
Regional action programme on the initiative of the 
Commission concerning the environment 
European Regional Development Fund 
European Social Fund 
Community initiative concerning new qualifications, new 
skills and new employment opportunities 
Contacts between companies in assisted regions and 
companies in the rest of the Community or outside it 
Gross domestic product 
Gross fixed-capital formation 
Gross national product 
Community initiative concerning handicapped persons and 
certain other disadvantaged groups 
y AI 
IDO Integrated development operation 
IMP Integrated Mediterranean Programme 
IMPACT Programme for an information services market 
INEM National Employment Institute (Spain) 
INTERREG Community initiative concerning border areas 
IULA International Union of Local Authorities 
LACE Observatory on transborder cooperation 
LEADER Links between actions for the development of the rural 
economy 
LU Livestock unit 
MOP Multifund operational programme 
NOW Community initiative to promote equal opportunities for 
women in the field of employment and vocational training 
NPCI National programme of Community interest 
OP Operational programme 
OUVERTURE Cooperation network with East European regions 
PEDAP Specific programme for the development of Portuguese 
agr iculture 
PEDIP Specific programme for the development of Portuguese 
industry 
POSE I DOM Programme of options specific to the remote and insular 
nature of the French overseas departments 
POSEIMA Programme of options specific to the remote and insular 
nature of Madeira and the Azores 
PRISMA Community initiative concerning the preparation of 
businesses for the Single Market 
R&D Research and development 
RACE Research and development in advanced communications 
technologies in Europe 
RECHAR Community initiative concerning the economic conversion of 
coal-mining areas 
RECITE Regions and cities for Europe 
nsr 
REGEN Community initiative concerning transmission and 
distribution networks for energy 
REGIS Community initiative concerning the most remote regions 
RENAVAL Community programme to assist the conversion of 
shipbuiI ding areas 
RESIDER Community programme to assist the conversion of steel areas 
RETEX Community initiative for regions heavily dependent on the 
textiles and clothing sector 
SMEs Small and medium-sized enterprises 
STAR Community programme for the development of certain less-
favoured regions of the Community by improving access to 
advanced telecommunications services 
STRIDE Community initiative concerning regional capacities for 
research, technology and innovation 
TELEMATIQUE Community initiative for regional development concerning 
services and networks related to data communication 
UETP University-enterprise training partnership 
VALOREN Community programme for the development of certain less-
favoured regions of the Community by exploiting endogenous 
energy potent ial 
ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(93) 530 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 01 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-93-564-EN-C 
ISBN 92-77-60206-6 
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg