II
(Preparatory Acts)
COMMISSION
Amended proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive combating late payment in
commercial transactions (˛)
(98/C 374/04)
(Text with EEA relevance)
COM(1998) 615 final - 98/0099(COD)
(Submitted by the Commission pursuant to Article 189a(2) of EC Treaty on 30 October 1998)
(˛)ÙOJ C 168, 3.6.1998, p. 13.
ORIGINAL PROPOSAL AMENDED PROPOSAL
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL
OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European
Community, and in particular Article 100a thereof,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European
Community, and in particular Article 100a thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and
Social Committee,Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and
Social CommitteeØ(˛),
Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in
Article 189b of the Treaty,Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in
Article 189b of the TreatyØ(ˇ),
(1)ÙWhereas the European Parliament in its
ResolutionØ(˛) on the Integrated Programme infavour of SMEs and the craft sectorØ(ˇ) emphasised
that the Commission should forward proposals to
deal with the problem of late payment;Unchanged
(2)ÙWhereas on 12 May 1995 the Commission adopted
a Recommendation on payment periods in comÜ
mercial transactionsØ(—).
(˛)ÙOJ C 323, 21.11.1994, p. 19.
(ˇ)ÙCOM(94) 207 final, 3.6.1994.(—)ÙOJ L 127, 10.6.1995, p. 19.(˛)ÙAdopted on 10.9.1998, not yet published in the Official
Journal.
(ˇ)ÙOpinion of the European Parliament adopted on 17.9.1998,
not yet published in the Official Journal.C 374/4 3.12.98 Official Journal of the European Communities EN
ORIGINAL PROPOSAL AMENDED PROPOSAL
(3)ÙWhereas the European Parliament in its Resolution
on the Commission Recommendation on payment
periods in commercial transactionsØ(˛) called on the
Commission to consider transforming its recomÜmendation into a proposal for a Council Directiveto be submitted as soon as possible;
(4)ÙWhereas on 29 May 1997 the Economic and Social
Committee adopted an opinion on theCommission’s Green Paper on Public procurement
in the European Union: Exploring the Way
ForwardØ(ˇ), recommending maximum paymentperiods and interest on late payments by publicauthorities;
(5)ÙWhereas on 4 June 1997 the Commission published
an Action Plan for the Single MarketØ(—), which
underlined that late payment represents an
increasingly serious obstacle for the success of theSingle Market;
(6)ÙWhereas on 17 July 1997 the Commission
published a Report on late payments in commercialtransactionsØ(Ñ), summarising the results of an
evaluation of the effects of the Commission’s
Recommendation of 12 May 1995;
(7)ÙWhereas heavy administrative and financial burdens
are placed on businesses, particularly small and
mediumÜsized ones, as a result of late payment;whereas moreover, late payments are a major causeof insolvencies threatening the survival of businesses
and result in numerous job losses;(7)ÙWhereas heavy administrative and financial burdens
are placed on businesses, particularly small and
mediumÜsized ones, as a result of the excessivepayment periods and late payment; whereasmoreover, these problems are a major cause of
insolvencies threatening the survival of businesses
and result in numerous job losses;
(8)ÙWhereas the differences between the payment rules
and practices in the Member States constitute anobstacle to the proper functioning of the internalmarket; whereas a creditor who needs to collect
receivables from debtors situated in several Member
States is confronted with widely differing rules ofnational legislation making it difficult, timeconsuming and costly for him to do so;Unchanged
(˛)ÙOJ C 211, 22.7.1996, p. 43.
(ˇ)ÙOJ C 287, 22.9.1997, p. 92.
(—)ÙCSE(97) 1 final, 4.6.1997, pp. 8 and 38.(Ñ)ÙOJ C 216, 17.7.1997, p. 10.3.12.98 C 374/5 Official Journal of the European Communities EN
ORIGINAL PROPOSAL AMENDED PROPOSAL
(9)ÙWhereas this has the effect of considerably limiting
commercial transactions between Member States;
whereas this is in contradiction with Article 7a of
the Treaty as entrepreneurs should be able to tradethroughout the Internal Market under conditionswhich ensure that transborder operations do not
entail greater risks than domestic sales; whereas it
would lead to distortions of competition if differentrules applied to domestic and transborderoperations;
(10)ÙWhereas the most recent statistics indicate that
there has been, at best, no improvement in latepayments in many Member States since theadoption of the Recommendation of 12 May 1995;
(11)ÙWhereas, in accordance with the principle of subÜ
sidiarity and the principle of proportionality as setout in Article 3b of the Treaty, the objective ofcombating late payments in the internal market
cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member
States acting individually and can, therefore, bebetter achieved by the Community; whereas thisDirective confines itself to the minimum required in
order to achieve those objectives and does not go
beyond what is necessary for that purpose;
(12)ÙWhereas late payment constitutes a breach of
contract which has been made financially attractive
to debtors in most Member States by low interestrates on late payments and/or slow redressprocedures; whereas a decisive shift is necessary toreverse this trend and the consequences of late
payments must be such as both to discourage late
payment and to fully compensate creditors for thecosts incurred;
(13)ÙWhereas the use of retention of title clauses as a
means of speeding up payment is at presentconstrained by a number of differences in nationallaw; whereas it is necessary to ensure that creditors
are in a position to exercise the retention of title
throughout the Community, using a single clauserecognised by all Member States;(13)ÙWhereas the use of retention of title clauses as a
means of speeding up payment is at presentconstrained by a number of differences in nationallaw; whereas it is necessary to ensure that creditors
are in a position to exercise the retention of title
throughout the Community, using a single clauserecognised by all Member States, and that excessivelength of payment periods and late payments donot distort commercial transactions in the funcÜ
tioning of the internal market;
(14)ÙWhereas the consequences of late payment can be
dissuasive only if they are accompanied by redress
procedures which are rapid, effective and inexÜ
pensive for the creditor; whereas in conformity withthe principle of nonÜdiscrimination contained inArticle 6 of the Treaty, these procedures should beavailable to creditors from all Member States irreÜ
spective of their residence;UnchangedC 374/6 3.12.98 Official Journal of the European Communities
EN
ORIGINAL PROPOSAL AMENDED PROPOSAL
(15)ÙWhereas public authorities handle a considerable
volume of payments to businesses; whereas strict
payment discipline on the part of these authorities
would have a beneficial trickleÜdown effect on theeconomy as a whole; whereas for paymentsexecuted by the Commission it has already been
decided to give certain creditors the right to receive
default interest on late payments;(15)ÙWhereas public authorities handle a considerable
volume of payments to businesses; whereas strict
payment discipline on the part of these authorities
would have a beneficial trickleÜdown effect on theeconomy as a whole; whereas, with regard to publiccontracts, contracting enterprises in turn likewise
delay payments to their suppliers and subconÜ
tractors, habitually imposing disproportionatepayment periods - practices which seriouslydamage the interests of many businesses, especially
SMEs; whereas for payments executed by the
Commission it has already been decided to givecertain creditors the right to receive default intereston late payments;
(16)ÙWhereas for the purposes of the implementation of
this Directive, the Commission should be assistedby a committee of an advisory nature,Unchanged
(17)ÙWhereas it could be necessary, when this Directive
is reviewed, to take into consideration the possiÜbility of addressing the consequences of long
contractual payment periods;
(18)ÙWhereas the term "contracting authorities’ should
correspond to the definition laid down in Directive
92/50/EECØ(˛) and Directive 93/37/EECØ(ˇ) and
should include, for the purposes of the presentDirective, the "contracting entities’ as defined inDirective 93/38/EECØ(—).
HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
CHAPTER I
Article 1
Scope
The provisions of this Directive shall apply to all
payments made in commercial transactions.Article 1
Scope
Unchanged
Article 2
DefinitionsArticle 2
Definitions
For the purposes of this Directive: For the purposes of this Directive:
1.Ù"commercial transactions’ means transactions between
two or more natural or legal persons carrying on atrade or profession acting in the course of their
business, or between such persons and public authÜ
orities, which lead to delivery of goods or provisionof services for remuneration;1.Ù"commercial transactions’ means transactions between
undertakings which lead to delivery of goods orprovision of services for remuneration; an underÜ
taking is any organisation set up on a permanent basis
with an independent economic activity, even where itis carried on by a single person and even where it isnot intended to make a profit; constracting authoritiesshall in every case be deemed to be undertakings for
the purposes of this Directive;
(˛)ÙOJ L 209, 24.7.1992, p. 1.
(ˇ)ÙOJ L 199, 9.8.1993, p. 54.(—)ÙOJ L 199, 9.8.1993, p. 84.3.12.98 C 374/7 Official Journal of the European Communities EN
ORIGINAL PROPOSAL AMENDED PROPOSAL
2.Ù"late payment’ means failure to observe the centractual
or statutory terms of payment;Unchanged
3.Ù"retention of title’ means retention by the seller of title
to the goods in question until the buyer has paid the
price in full;3.Ù"retention of title’ means the agreement, irrespective
of any formal requirements, that the seller remains the
owner of the goods in question until the price has
been paid in full;
4.Ù"public authorities’ means the State, regional or local
authorities, bodies governed by public law, orassociations formed by one or more of such authÜorities or bodies governed by public law. A body is
considered to be governed by public law where it is
established for the specific purpose of meeting needsin the general interest, not being of an industrial orcommercial nature, has legal personality, and is
financed for the most part by the State, or regional or
local authorities, or other bodies governed by publiclaw, or is subject to management supervision by thosebodies, or has an administrative, managerial or superÜvisory board more than half of whose members are
appointed by the State, regional or local authorities,
or other bodies governed by public law;4.Ù"contracting authorities’ corresponds to the definition
laid down in Directive 92/50/EECØ(˛) and Directive93/37/EECØ(ˇ) and includes the "contracting entities’as defined in Directive 93/38/EECØ(—).
5.Ù"public procurement contracts’ means contracts for
pecuniary interest concluded in writing between anatural or legal person and public authorities.5.Ù"public procurement contracts’ means contracts for
pecuniary interest concluded in writing between acontracting authority within the meaning ofparagraph 4 and an undertaking which is not a
contracting authority.
CHAPTER II
Article 3
Due date, interest and compensation for the damage
incurred
1.ÚÙMember States shall ensure that:CHAPTER II
Article 3
Default date, interest and compensation for the damage
incurred
1.ÚÙMember States shall enact the necessary legislation
and amend their procedural rules in such a way that,
subject to the goods or services having been duly
provided and the underlying legal conditions beingcorrectly fulfilled, the following is ensured:
(a)Ùthe due date for the payment of debts shall not be
more than 21 calendar days from the date of the
invoice, unless otherwise specified in the contract or
in the seller’s general conditions of sale;(a)Ùthe default date for the payment of debts shall not be
more than 21 calendar days from the date of receipt
of the invoice, unless otherwise specified in the
contract or in the sellers’s general conditions of sale;
(˛)ÙOJ L 209, 24.7.1992, p. 1.
(ˇ)ÙOJ L 199, 9.8.1993, p. 54.(—)ÙOJ L 199, 9.8.1993, p. 84.C 374/8 3.12.98 Official Journal of the European Communities EN
ORIGINAL PROPOSAL AMENDED PROPOSAL
(b)Ùthe invoice shall be deemed to have been received no
later than the fifth calendar day following the date
of the invoice, unless the buyer or seller is able to
furnish proof of receipt at another time;
(b) in the absence of an invoice or if the date of the
invoice cannot be determined with certainty or if thedate of the invoice is earlier than the date ofdelivery, the due date shall be calculated from the
date of delivery of the goods or services;(c) in the absence of an invoice or if the date of its
receipt cannot be determined with certainty or if thedate of receipt is earlier than the date of supply ofthe goods or services concerned, the default date
shall be calculated from the latter date;
(d) where the default date specified in the contract or in
the seller’s general conditions of sale is more than
45 calendar days from the date of receipt of theinvoice, the buyer shall provide the seller, at thebuyer’s cost, with a bill of exchange, specifying
explicitly the date for its payment and guaranteed by
an accepted credit institution;
(e) where the buyer fails to provide the seller with a bill
of exchange in accordance with point (d) above, thenormal default date and level of interest as foreseenin this article shall be applicable and any contractual
derogations therefrom to the detriment of the seller
shall be automatically null and void; the remainderof the contract shall remain in force;
(c) the creditor shall be entitled to claim interest from
the debtor on any outstanding amount when the duedate as determined under points (a) and (b) has been
exceeded without the creditor having received the
amount due;(f) the creditor shall be entitled to claim interest from
the debtor on any outstanding amount when thedefault date as determined under points (a) to (e)
above has been exceeded without the creditor having
received the amount due;
(d) interest shall accrue automatically from the day after
the due date without the necessity of a reminder;(g) interest shall accrue automatically from the day after
the default date without the necessity of a reminder;
(e) the level of interest for late payment (the "statutory
rate’), which the creditor is entitled to claim, shall bethe sum of the tender (repo) interest rate of theEuropean Central Bank (the "reference rate’) plus at
least 8 percentage points (the "margin’), unless
otherwise specified in the contract or in the seller’sgeneral conditions of sale; for Member States whichdo not participate in the third phase of Economic
and Monetary Union, the reference rates referred to
above shall be the equivalent rates set by their centralbanks;New numbering: (e) becomes (h), otherwise unchanged.
(f) the statutory rate for interest on late payment shall
change automatically in accordance with changes tothe reference rate mentioned in point (e);New numbering: (f) becomes (i) and the reference to
point (e) becomes (h), otherwise unchanged.
(g) in addition to the right to interest, the creditor shall
be entitled to claim full compensation from the
debtor for the damage incurred.New numbering: (g) becomes (j), otherwise unchanged.3.12.98 C 374/9 Official Journal of the European Communities
EN
ORIGINAL PROPOSAL AMENDED PROPOSAL
2.ÚÙThe margin referred to in paragraph 1(e) may be
modified by the Commission in accordance with the
procedure referred to in Article 9 if it becomes apparent
that the statutory rate is no longer sufficiently high todiscourage the buyer from paying late and tocompensate the seller for any loss incurred as a result of
late payment, in particular for any interest he would
have to pay on overdraft credit.2.ÚÙNew numbering: the reference to point 1(e)
becomes 1(h), otherwise unchanged.
3.ÚÙThree years after the end of the period defined in
Article 10(1) of the Directive, the Commission, havingbeen advised by the Committee referred to in Article 9,shall undertake a review of, inter alia , the statutory rate
to assess the impact on commercial transactions and the
operation of the legislation in practice. The results of this
reviews and of other reviews will be made known to theEuropean Parliament.
Article 4
Retention of title
1.ÚÙMember States shall ensure that the seller retains
title if he notifies the buyer of his intention of doing so
in writing no later than the date of delivery of the goods.Article 4
Retention of title
1.ÚÙMember States shall ensure that the seller retains
title if a retention of title clause has been agreed. Apart
from an individual contract, such an agreement shall be
considered valid if the retention of title clause iscontained in the seller’s standard contract, on theinvoice, or on delivery documents accompanying the
goods, which the buyer has received no later than at the
time of delivery, and to which he has not objected. Noother formality shall be required.
2.ÚÙMember States shall recognise the validity of the
clauses contained in the Annex or of clauses havingequivalent effect.
Once the due date has passed without the buyer having
paid, the seller may claim that the goods in question be
returned to him. As soon as the buyer takes possession of
the goods, he becomes responsible for any damage to orloss of the goods. A valid notification may be made inthe seller’s standard contract, on the invoice, or in an
individual contract.3.ÚÙOnce the default date has passed without the buyer
having paid, the seller may claim that the goods in
question be returned to him. Member States shall provide
for the retention of title to be enforceable against thirdparties, even in the case of bankruptcy of the debtor orin the case of any other procedure recognised as being
similar under the legislation of the Member States. No
later than when the buyer takes possession of the goods,he becomes responsible for any damage to or loss of thegoods.
Member States shall recognise the validity of the clauses
contained in the Annex or of clauses having equivalent
effect.New numbering: this paragraph becomes 4(2), otherwise
unchanged.C 374/10 3.12.98 Official Journal of the European Communities
EN
ORIGINAL PROPOSAL AMENDED PROPOSAL
2.ÙÚParagraph 1 shall apply only to debts payable in a
single instalment.Deleted
3.ÚÙMember States shall define the effect of the
retention of title clause as regards those aspects notcovered by this Directive and in particular as regards theeffect on third parties acting in good faith.4.ÚÙMember States may adopt provisions for the
protection of third parties acting in good faith, and asregards down payments already made by the debtor.They may also adopt provisions concerning goods which
are incorporated in other movable or immovable
property.
Article 5
Accelerated recovery procedures for undisputed debts
1.ÙÚMember States shall ensure that there is an acÜ
celerated debt recovery procedure for undisputed debts.Article 5
Accelerated recovery procedures for undisputed debts
Unchanged
2.ÚÙThis procedure shall apply irrespective of the
amount of the debt.
3.ÚÙThis procedure shall be available to creditors from
all Member States, irrespective of their place of
residence.
4.ÙÚThe creditor shall be able to choose whether or not
he wishes to be represented by a third person.
5.ÚÙThe procedure before the court shall be formulated
in such a way that a period of 60 calendar days is not
exceeded from the receipt of the creditor’s request to thetime when the writ of execution or equivalent documentbecomes enforceable. This period is without prejudice to:
(a)Ùthe application of the rules governing notification or
service; and
(b) the rights of the defendant to dispute the debt.
Article 6
Simplified legal procedures for small debts
Member States shall ensure that simplified procedures
are available for debts up to a threshold, which shall notbe less than ECU 20Ø000. These procedures shall providefor simple, lowÜcost methods for taking legal action for
the settlement of debts.Article 6
Simplified legal procedures for small debts
Member States shall ensure that simplified procedures
are available for debts up to a ceiling, which shall not beless than ECU 20Ø000. These procedures shall providefor simple, lowÜcost methods for taking legal action for
the settlement of debts.3.12.98 C 374/11 Official Journal of the European Communities
EN
ORIGINAL PROPOSAL AMENDED PROPOSAL
This sum can if necessary be modified by the
Commission to reflect changing economic conditions in
accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 9.Unchanged
These procedures shall be available to creditors from all
Member States irrespective of their place of residence.
CHAPTER III
Article 7
Transparency in public procurement contracts
Member States shall ensure that public procurement
contracts contain precise details of the payment periodsand deadlines applied by the public authorities. Inparticular, time limits shall be fixed for the completion ofpreÜpayment administrative formalities, such as public
works reception procedures.CHAPTER III
Article 7
Transparency in public procurement contracts
Member States shall ensure that public procurement
contracts contain precise details of the default dates anddeadlines applied by the contracting authorities, even ifthese default dates and deadlines are determined ingeneral contract conditions laid down by law. In
particular, time limits shall be fixed for the completion of
preÜpayment administrative formalities, such as publicworks reception procedures. A similar obligation oftransparency shall apply in the relationship between a
main contractor and a subcontractor carrying out public
works.
Article 8
Prompt payment, due date and automatic interest
Member States shall ensure that:Article 8
Prompt payment, default date and automatic interest
Member States shall ensure that:
1.Ùthe due date for the payment of contractual debts by
the public authorities as determined under Article
3(1)(a) and (b) does not exceed 60 calendar days; thecontract shall in no circumstances override thatmaximum payment period;1.Ùthe default date for the payment of contractual debts
by the contracting authorities as determined under
Article 3(1)(a) to (c) shall not be more than 45calendar days except where the value of the contractexceeds ECU 100Ø000 where the maximum default
date will be 60 calendar days; the contract shall in no
circumstances override these maximum default dates;in a public contract, the main contractor has to grantconditions to the suppliers and subcontractors which
are at least as favourable as those granted to the main
contractor by the contracting authority;
In order to guarantee these conditions to suppliers
and subcontractors, the main contractor shall be
required to provide a guarantee made out to the
supplier or subcontractor covering payment of all theamounts owed. This guarantee shall be executableupon expiry of 60 calendar days from the date ofsubmission of the invoice to the main contractor by
the supplier or subcontractor;C 374/12 3.12.98 Official Journal of the European Communities
EN
ORIGINAL PROPOSAL AMENDED PROPOSAL
2.Ùa creditor shall be entitled to interest from the public
authority on any outstanding amount when the due
date has been exceeded; the interest shall be
calculated as set out in Article 3(1)(d) and (e), andshall be paid automatically by the public authoritywithout the necessity of a claim;2.Ùa creditor shall be entitled to interest from the
contracting authority on any outstanding amount
when the default date has been exceeded; the interest
shall be calculated as set out in Article 3(1)(g) and(h), and shall be paid automatically by the contractingauthority without the necessity of a claim;
3.Ùthe public authority is not permitted to request or
require that the creditor waives any of the rightsreferred to in this Article.3.Ùthe contracting authority is not permitted to request
or require that the creditor waives any of the rightsreferred to in this Article, nor may the maincontractor request or require that his suppliers or
subcontractors waive those rights.
CHAPTER IV
Article 9
Committee
For the purposes of reviewing the functioning of this
Directive and in particular for the cases mentioned in
Article 3(2) and Article 6, the Commission shall be
assisted by a committee of an advisory nature composedof the representatives of the Member States and chairedby the representative of the Commission.CHAPTER IV
Article 9
Committee
Unchanged
The representative of the Commission shall submit to the
committee a draft of the measures to be taken. Thecommittee shall deliver its opinion on the draft, within atime limit which the chairman may lay down accordingto the urgency of the matter, if necessary by taking a
vote.
The opinion shall be recorded in the minutes; in
addition, each Member State shall have the right to askto have its position recorded in the minutes.
The Commission shall take the utmost account of the
opinion delivered by the committee. It shall inform thecommittee of the manner in which its opinion has beentaken into account.
Article 10
Transposition
1.ÙÚMember States shall bring into force the laws,
regulations and administrative provisions necessary tocomply with this Directive by 31 December 2000 at thelatest. They shall forthwith inform the Commission
thereof.Article 10
Transposition
Unchanged3.12.98 C 374/13 Official Journal of the European Communities
EN
ORIGINAL PROPOSAL AMENDED PROPOSAL
When Member States adopt these provisions, these shall
contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accomÜ
panied by such reference at the time of their official
publication. The procedure for such reference shall beadopted by Member States.
2.ÚÙMember States may maintain or bring into force
provisions which are stricter than the provisions
necessary to comply with this Directive.2.ÚÙMember States may maintain or bring into force
provisions which are more favourable to the creditor
than the provisions necessary to comply with thisDirective.
3.ÙÚMember States shall communicate to the
Commission the text of the main laws, regulations oradministrative provisions which they adopt in the field
covered by this Directive.Unchanged
Article 11
Entry into force
This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day
following that of its publication in the Official Journal of
the European Communities .Article 11
Entry into force
Unchanged
Article 12
Addressees
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.Article 12
Addressees
Unchanged
ANNEX
List of clauses to be recognised by Member States for the
purposes of Article 4ANNEX
List of clauses to be recognised by Member States for the
purposes of Article 4
ES:ÚEl vendedor conservar‘ la propiedad de los bienes hasta
el pago.°ES:ÚEl vendedor conservar‘ la propiedad de los bienes hasta
el pago final.°
DA: °Varen forbliver s»lgerens ejendom, indtil den er betalt. DA: °Varen forbliver s»lgerens ejendom, indtil den er fuldÜ
st»ndig betalt.
DE: ,,Die Ware verbleibt bis zur Bezahlung im Eigentum des
Verk…ufers.""DE: ,,Die Ware bleibt bis zur vollst…ndigen Bezahlung im
Eigentum des Verk…ufers.""
EL: O pvlhtþw parakrateò thn kyriöthta tvn agaq×n m~xri na
ejoflhqeò to tòmhm‘ toyw.°EL: O pvlhtþw parakrateò thn kyriöthta tvn agaq×n m~xrithn plþrh ejöflhsh toy timþmatow.°
EN: "The goods remain the property of the seller until payÜ
ment.’EN: "The goods remain the property of the seller until fully
paid.’
FR: Les marchandises restent la propri~t~ du vendeur
jusqu’au paiement.°FR: Les marchandises restent la propri~t~ du vendeur
jusqu’au paiement complet.°
IT: Le merci restano di propriet{ del venditore fino al pagaÜ
mento.°IT: Le merci restano di propriet{ del venditore fino al pieno
pagamento.°
NL: ,,De waren blijven tot de betaling eigendom van de verÜ
koper.’’NL: ,,De waren blijven tot de volledige betaling eigendom van
de verkoper.’’
PT: O vendedor conservar‘ a propriedade dos bens at~ ao
momento do pagamento.°PT: O vendedor conservar‘ a propriedade dos bens at~ ao
momento do pagamento final.°
FI: ’’Tavara on myyj…n omaisuutta, kunnes kauppahinta on
maksettu.’’FI: ’’Tavara on myyj…n omaisuutta, kunnes kauppahinta on
kokonaisuudessaan maksettu.’’
SV: ’’Varorna f‰rblir s…ljarens egendom tills de betalats.’’ SV: ’’Varorna f‰rblir s…ljarens egendom tills de betalats helt
och h¿llet.’’C 374/14 3.12.98 Official Journal of the European Communities EN