ARCHIVESHISTORIQUES
DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEE DES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (78)768
Vol.1978/0278

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
PROPOSAL FORACOUNCIL DECISION
adopting aEuropean Economic Community research anddevelopment
programme intheagricultural research sector
consisting offour multiannual ,
concerted projectsCOM(78)768 final .
Brussels .17January 1979
(submitted totheCouncil bytheCommission )
\
COM(78 )768final .

-1-
MULTIANNUAL CONCERTED PROJECTS
inthe sec-tor of
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH .
TABLE OPCONTENTS .
Page
I. Summary 3
II« Introduction • 3,
III. Description oftheconcerted actions ....... 5
Project A.Maize asabasic feed for "beef ..... 5
production
1.Motivation
2.Aims and objectives
3.Research topics
'4*Requirements andTiming >
Project B.Theproduction andfeeding ofsingle cell . 8
protein
1.Motivation
2.Aims and objectives
3.Research Topics
4*Requirements andTiming ,
Project C.Early weaning ofpiglets ••••••• .15
1.Motivation
2.Aims andobjectives
3*Research Topics
4*Requirements andTiming
Project D.Mineral nutrition onbasic field crops • 18
(Soil -Humus -Nitrogen )
1.Motivation
2.Aims andobjectives
3.Research Topics
4*Requirements andTiming
IV. Implementation ••••••••••••••••• 21
V. Financial Aspects •••••••••••••••• 21
AMEX IProposai foraCouncil decision adopting aR&D
programme oftheEuropean Economio Community inthe
seotor ofAgricultural Research •••••••• 23

-2-
AMEXESA-DtoAOTTEXI
Contributions oftheMemberStatestotheconcerted
actionbyresearchtopics• 26
AKNEXE.toAKNEXI.
Termsofreferenceandcomposition oftheConcerted
ActionCommittee••••••••••••••«., 30*

-3-
*
Ii Summary
Acoordination programme inthesector ofagricultural research is
proposed .This programme consists offour multi annual concerted
actions inthe fields of :
'A.Maize asa"basic feed for "beef production (5years )
.B.Theproduction andfeeding ofsingle cell protein (5years )
C.Early weaning ofpiglets (5years )
D.Themineral nutrition offield crops (soil-humus –nitrogen )(5years )
Thelegal 'oasis forthis programme isArticle 43oftheTreaty esta­
blishing theEuropean Economio Community andtheCouncil Regulation (EEC)
n°1728/74of27June 1974 .
. . This programme isconsequent upon asuggestion made "by
theYugoslavian delegation totheCommittee onEuropean Cooperation
inthefield ofScientific andTechnical Research (COST ).
Aconcertation between this programme andtherelevant programmes of
Third States will heestablished .
Theprincipal objectives ofthis programme are :
–tofacilitate t"heco-operation with theCommunity 'sEuropean
neighbours ,including potential newentrants ,
–tobring under Community (R+Dpolicy anincreasing proportion of
European research activities inthesector relating toagricultural
policy inthemutual interest oftheCommunity andtheMember States ,
–tocomplement thefindings oftheCommunity Agricultural Research programme .
Themaximum financial contribution oftheCommunity for expenditure
•commitments andfor staff necessary fortheimplementation isestimated
at1.76 million EUAand 2staff fortheduration oftheprogramme .
Theprogramme isforeseen tostart inJune 1979 *
II.Introduction
Itisrecognised that theCommunity research ,wherever possible ,be
complemented byinternational co-operation mainly within the COST
(European Co-operation inthefield ofScientific andTechnical Research )
framework which istheprincipal forum forco-operation with theCommunity 's
European neighbours .Such co-operation would ,optimise research efficiency
andsave time andmoney .Furthermore ,considering thescientific achievements
ofcertain countries outside theCommunity insome specific sectors of
agricultural research ,themost successful outcome tosome coordination
effort could bebest achieved byanextended European Co-operation .

-4-
Thepresent programme ,consequent upon asuggestion bytheYugoslavian delegation
inCOST ,hasto "beseen against this background ..This proposal foraCouncil
decision adopting aR+Dprogramme oftheESC inthearea ofAgricultural
research hasbeen elaborated bythe Commission ,advised bythe experts of
thedifferent Uorkiug Farti.es appointed bytheCOST countries ,inthespirit
ofthe Council Resolution of14 -January 1974 on&programme oftheEuropean
Communities inthefield ofscience andtechnology®
Moreover this programme proposal corresponds tothe guidelines for the
Common policy inthefield ofscience andtechnology adopted bythe
Commission in -which the Community agricultural research programmes must
also wherever possible support the objectives ofother Community policies ,
forexample ,environment ,regional development ,energy saving andaidto
developing countries .
This programme consists offour multiannual concerted actions inthefields
of :
A.Maize asabasic feed forbeef production
B. Theproduction andfeeding ofsingle cell proteins
C.Early weaning ofpiglets
D®Themineral nutrition offield crops (soil -humus -nitrogen ).
These actions relate tothree ofthefour groups (viz .socio-structural
aspect ,efficiency ofproduction andalternative products )ofmain develop­
ment andtrends inagricultural research intheMember States drawn upby
the Commission asmost urgent' following consultation with theStanding
Committee onAgricultural Research .
Ingeneral the choice oftopics forthe coordination ofeach project has
-been formally accepted bythenational research organisations inaccordance
with thefollowing criteria :
-compatibility with common agricultural policy
-complementarity with the Community agriculturalprogramme
,-scientific andeconomic importance
-possibility ofimplementation andofcoordination '
-common interest ofMember States
-therelevant activities ongoing inother countries aswell asthose of
appropriate international organisations such asinternational Society
ofSoil Science ,PAO ,OECD eto.......

-5-
III.Description oftheConcertedActions,
PROJECTA.Maizeasa"basicfeedfor"beefproduction#
1.MOTIVATION.
DuringrecentyearstheareaunderforagemaizecultivationinEuropehas
increasedspectacularly . ■
•Theprinciplereasonsforthisextensionareasfollows:
a)muchworkhas"beendoneonthecreationofhybridswithshortvegetation
periodssothattheareaofmaizeproduction ha.smovednorthwardstothe
veryareaswherethepreviousspecieswithlongvegetationperiodswere
unabletothriveduetounfavourable weatherconditions.
b)themaizecropcanbecompletelymechanisedandwiththeuseofhybrid
varietiesiscapableofgivinghighyields.
c)therearenumerouspossibilities forusingmaizeinanimalfeeds.In
practice,theentiremaizeplant,supplemented withotherconcentrated
feeds,richinprotein,isquitesuitableforthenutritionofyoung
aswellasmatureanimals.
Thusemerges,theleadingroleofmaizeinthetechnologyandeconomyof
cattleproduction.
AseminaronthissubjectwasheldinYugoslaviain1976undertheauspices
oftheEECandwiththeparticipation ofCOSTcountries :
~tomakeanassessement ofthepresentsituationontheutilisation ofthe
maizecropforbeefproductioninrelationtoitsscientificandeconomic
aspects.
-todiscusstheneedsforfurtherresearchandtoidentifythetopicsmost
suitedforacoordinated researchaction.
Thepresentprojectmeetstheserequirements.
2.AIMSAOT)OBJECTIVES.
Theaimoftheproposedresearchprojectisasystematicinvestigation of
themostefficientmethodofuseandsupplementation ofmaizefeedtoprovide
adequatenutritionandqualityofproducts.Inevitablytheseinvestigations
willinvolveastudyontheuseofalternativefeedsinadditiontomaizeand
anexamination ofmethodsofpredictingfeedingvaluewithaviewtotheir
standardization throughtout theCOSTregion.Researchobjectivesmusttake
accountoffactorswhichleadtomaximumefficiencyofuseofspecified
resourcesperunitofbeefproduced.Efficiencycanbeconsideredinrelation
tolandorcropuse;theenergyusedgrowingandfeedingthecrop;the
intakeandutilisation ofnutrientsbytheanimal;andineconomicterma.
Problemsrequiringresearchariseinseekingtominimisetheinputofprotein
andenergysupplementsandtoreplacethesewithnon-proteinnitrogen(NRT)
aridtoincreasevoluntaryintake,whichlimitstheuseofmaizeassilage.
Therealsomaybeinteractions betweengenotype,sexorageofanimal,andthe
typeofmaizediet.
Theproposalisdirectedtowardspromotingandcoordinating ajointcolla­
borativeresearcheffortwiththefollowingmainobjectives :
-Betterutilisationofanimalfeedandpreventionofwaste.

-6-
-Adoption ofstandardised ,methods ofmeasuring andpredicting feeding
value .
-Establishing ,"byreference totheuse ofalternative feeds ,therole of
maize infarming systems under varying cost/price andmarket situations .
3.RESEARCH TOPICS .
Research topics were limited totwobroad subject areas .Projects undertaken
inboth ofthese areas will belinked ,wherever possible ,byusing the
practical experiments described under research topic number 3.1»toinves­
tigate themore fundamental aspects contained inresearch topio number
3.2
Theresearch topics are asfollows :
3.1.Practical andapplied aspects ofusing themaize crop (whole ,-plant ,
grain andstover )forbeef production ,including reference totheuse
ofalternative feeds .
3.1.1 .Theuseofsupplements supplying energy ,protein ,non-protein
nitrogen (NFN;andminerals plus vitamins
-Plant protein (bean ,lucerne )
-Non-protein nitrogen
-Concentrate level .
3.1.2 .Utilisation ofcrop by-products
3.1.3 .Effect ofsmut fungal infection ofthemaize crop onitsfeeding
value andonpossible toxic residues (alkaloids )inmeat
3.1 .4»Systems offeeding beef cattle onthemaize crop inrelation
toother feeds .
3.2 .Methods ofmeasuring the nutritive value ofthe maize crop and alter­
native forages orcrop residues for ruminant production .
3.2.1 .Standardisation oftechniques
3.2.1.1 .Invivo digestibility measurement with sheep andcattle .
3.2.2 .Methods ofpredicting feeding value .
3.2.2.1 .Drymatter .
3.2.2.2 .Energy .
-Stage ofgrowth
-Digestible organic matter (DOM)determinations with
detailed analyses offeed andfaeces for soluble
carbohydrates ,cell walls (cellulose ,hemi-cellulose )etc.
-IfDOM isnotdetermined then some digestibility trials
should beused for local regression between digestibility
and simple tests .

-7-
–Morphological analyses oftheplant
–Total metaboli sable energy (ME)content *
–Nett energy content
3*2.2*3 *Protein
–Total nitrogen (N)content ofthecrop
–Non-Protein nitrogen fraction
–Ageandtype ofanimal .
3.2.3 «Factors affecting crop growth andnutritive value * ,
J ■ ■
–Stage ofmaturity
–Cultivar
–Climate
–Soil S
–Fertilisation !
–Plant density
4.REQUIREMENTS AND TIMING
Besides thegeneral requirements forco-ordination purposes (meetings of
theManagement Committee ,secretary andproject co-ordinator ),this
project will need facilities formeetings ,seminars ,workshops ,visits
andshort exchange ofresearch workers forthedissemination ofknow­
ledge andthediscussion ofresults ,training ofspecialists andpublications .
Itisenvisaged that theproject will last five years *Inagricultural -'•'
research ,especially where itisofanapplied nature and sodependant
onweather factors ,itisacknowledged that shorter periods ofinvesti­
gation could give misleading :results *Intheinitial years ,work will
beconcentrated onco-ordination ofexisting work and ,wherever possible ,
thestandardisation ofmethods *Inthefinal period ,theresearch pro­
gramme will bereoriented totake account ofthemost recent developments *

-8-
PROJECT B.Theproduction and feeding' ofsingle cell protein .
MOTIVATION .
Theuseof "by-products andwaste from agriculture forestry
assubstrates fortheproduction ofSingle Cell Protein (SCP)
shows adefinite potential *Unicellular organisms have theability to
convert into proteins awide range oflow cost and .often little used raw
materials .This approach combines recycling oforganic matter ,environ - .
mental protection andthesupply ofmore proteins foranimal feedingi
Inthenear future ,'this unconventional protein source could also play a
more direct role inhuman nutrition .
EECcountries produced 1„5billion tonnes ofwaste in197& ,almost two
thirds ofwhich were generated fro .oagricultural sector aWaste production
isincreasing at5perannum .On other hand ,theworld demand for
protein isexpected todouble bytheendofthecentury .TheEEChasbeen
able tosupply from itsownresources only 20%ofitssupplemental protein
requirements foranimal feed .Thebalance ,equivalent to7„5million tonnes
ofsoya bean ,isimported mainly from asingle source asoneproduct ,ata
cost of1.2billion dollars in1976 .
Ifresearch into theuse ofcellulose andwhey fortheproduction and
-feeding ofsingle cell protein issuccessful ,itcould have apronouced
impact onprotein production .However ,thegreatest short term impetus
forSCPproduction comes from the increasing legislative requirement for
the disposal ofboth solid and liquid wastes inamanner compatible with
the preservation ofthe environment .Ifeffluent treatment charges are
allowed for ,then itwould improve thecompetitiveness ofSCPforanimal
feed *The main cause ofuncertainty with regard toprofitability isthe price
ofreference proteins ,e.g. soya bean .This position islikely tochange
under thepressure ofpopulation growth accompanied byworld food shortage .
Ingeneral ,itcanbeexpected that asprocesses improve andproduction
expands anddiversifies ,SCP costs will become increasingly competitive .
The complex problems associated with anexamination ofthemultidisciplinary
aspects ofSCPproduction andfeeding were made during the last year .It
showed that thescientific problems were both many andcomplex .Moreover to
realise the most efficient use ofthe limited research facilities available
aclose multidiciplinary collaboration between chemist ,biochemist geneticist
microbiologist ,enzymologist ,toxicologist ,nutritionist ,engineer ,etc.
atInternational level was themost likely way ofachieving asuccessful
outcome .Therefore an efficient coordination between the different Insti­
tutes idrecommended ifclear andrelatively early results areexpected .
AIK5AOT )OBJECTIVES .
«
Theaim oftheproposed action istoobtain knowledge onallaspects of
SCPproduction foragriculture andforestry waste inorder toprovide
scientific andtechnical assistance tofarmers ,industry andenvironmental
agencies concerned with the efficient recycling ofanever growing amount
ofbyproducts andwaste .
Theresearch work isexpected tocover thefollowing objectives :
-better use ofagricultural andforestry byproducts andwaste
-reduction inenvironmental pollution
-increased supply ofprotein containing material foranimal feed compatible
with nutritional andtoxicological requirements . i

-9
-possibledevelopment ofnovel"technologyforuseinthethirdworld
wherethevalorisation ofwasteforeitheranimalfeedorhumanfood
isespeciallyimportant.
3.RESEARCHTOPICS.
Theobjectivesoftheprogrammecauibebestattainedbycategorising the
topicsofresearchintothreemainareass
3.1.Singlecellproteinproduction fromwhey.
3.2.Singlecellproteinproductionfromcellulosicmaterials.
3.3.Nutritionandtoxicology.
Theseselectedtopicsinvolvemuchappliedresearchalthoughnutrition
andtoxicologyaspectsrelatelargelytochecksandcontrolsrequired
todeterminenutritional valueandtoassesstheharmlessness ofthe
productandconsequentlyitsacceptability toconsumers.
3.1.SingleCellProtein(SCP)productionfromwhey.
Thesteadyincreaseinworldcheeseproductionhasaccentuated the
problemofwheydisposal.Thedevelopment ofcheeseproductionin
the19membercountriesofCOSTfrom1943-197$ha.strebled.Thus
creatingadditionalproblemsofwheydisposal.Assumingamean
productionof8tonneswheypertonneofcheese,thetotalamount
ofwheyinthesecountrieswas31.3milliontonnesin1976.The
cheeseproductionintheCOSTareacomprised82$of"theprodnotior "
inEuropeand40oftheworldproductioninthesameyear.
Increasing demandbyenvironmental protectionagencies,andiL-a
necessityforefficientrecyclingofbyproducts makeitnecessary
tofindanurgentsolutiontothewheydisposalproblem.
SCPproductionisoneofanumberofoptionsforthedisposal,uf
wheyorwasteprocessstreamsfromwheyprocessing ,e.g.ultra­
filtration andlactoseproduction.Theotherpossibilities are
mainlyprocessingtowheypowder,lactosechemicalsorwheyproteins
anddirectfeeding.However,acidwheyandpermeatesareknownto
presentsomeproblemswhenprocessedthroughthelastmentioned
channels.Aquantitative surveyshouldbemadeofthekindsofwhey
processingpresentlyemployedinthe19COSTcountries,aswellasan
analysisofthequantitiesofwheyavailableforSCPproduction on
anationalandlocalbasis.Themostreliableestimatefromsome
countriesindicatethatsome25%ofthewheyistreatedaswarteand
consequently actsasaseriouspollutionhazard.
Theresearchsub-topicsaimingatclarifyingthedifferentaspects
ofSCPproductionfromwheyandwheyproducts,arethefollowing:
3.1.1.Sélectionofmicroorganisms
3.1.1.1.Selectionofmicroorganisms forgrowthonlactosemedium
3.1.1.2.Selectionofmicroorganisms forinitialbreakdownof
lactose
3.1.1.3*Selectionofmicroorganisms forgrowthonlactose
derivedproducts,e.g.lactateandcarbohydrates .

-10-
3.1.2 .Selection offermentation systems .
3J1*201ODesign and/oradaptation ofpilot scale andindustrial
ferment orstohandle liquid and/orconcentrated whey
products .Emphasis tobeplaced onsystems with pros­
pects forviability atrelatively small scale ofoperation *
3cl.2.2® Substrate modification bychemical orenzymic methods .
3®le2«3 «Substrate supplementation ,e.g. carbohydrates andother
nutrients .
3.I.2.4 .Conditions offermentation .
-Efiicient oxygen transfer andCO^removal
-Temperature andpHcontrol inrelation tonucleic
acid levels .
-Batch v.continuous fermentation anddegree of
asepsis .
3.1.2.5 .Recovery andtreatment ofbiomass
-Recovery e.g. filtration ,centrifugation ,fluocculation
etc .
-Treatment e.g. drying ,autolysis ,preservation ,etc.
3.1.2.6 .Fermentation waste .
3.1.3 .Nutritional andtoxicological properties .
(see3.3 :Nutrition andToxicology )
3.1.3.1 .Composition :protein andamino acids ,nucleic acids ,
cell wall components ,minerals ,vitamins andconta­
minants .
3.1.3.2 .Nutritive value
–Availability ofamino acids anddegradation ofcell
wall components
-Suitability forhuman andanimal nutrition
3.1.3.3 .Toxicological aspects :short andlong term studies .
3.1.4 .Relative economics .
3.1.4.1 .COST analysis
3.1.4.2 .Comparison with alternative methods forprocessing
whey .
3.1 .4.3.Prospects ofSCPincomparison with other available
protein sources
3.1.4.4 .Energy balance oftheprocess .
Anevaluation ofthepresent situation hasbeen compiled
from theresponses ofnational co-ordinators .

-11- .. . -
3.2.Single cell protein (SCP )production from cellulosic materials .
Important amounts ofagricultural andforestry lay-products arenot
effectively utilised .Environmental protection aswell asimprovements
inrecycling organic matter need more appropriate consideration in
future .Production ofsingle cell protein from cellulose containing
waste material like sawdust ,woodwaste ,leaves ,corn cobs ,corn or
wheat straw ,oilseed husks ,sulphite liquor andfibrous matter isa
possible wayforproper utilisation ofsuch material .Besides the
possibility ofsimple pre-treatment with chemicals toimprove the
digestibility ofsuch material ,recent developments show amore
efficient way "bysaccharification .The entire process isanalysed
through thefollowing sub-topi ess
3.2.1 .Substrate Preparation .
3*2.1.1.Pre-treatment ofthe substrate . '
-Physical methods :evaluation ofvarious milling
methods .
-Chemical methods :short acid oralkaline pre­
treatment ;pre-treatment with solvents .
-Microbial methods :screening forrotting strains .
3.2.1.2 .Hydrolysis ofsubstrate .
i
-Chemical :Saccharification with acid oralkalines ,
recovery andrecycling ofchemicals .
-Enzymatic :Development ofpotent enzyme preparations
("cejlulase ","lignase ","hemicellulase ")
-Microbial :Screening forcellulase producers ,
treatment with mixed cultures (cellulase producers
andSCPstrains )
3.2.1 .3.Waste water srecovery andrecycling ofchemicals and
enzymes .
3.2.2 .Selection and Improvement ofmicroorganisms
3.2.2.1 .Selection ofmicroorganisms forpre-treatment of
substrate
ι
3.2.2.2 .Selection ofmicroorganisms forthe saccharification
ofthe substrate
3.2.2.3 .Selection ofmicroorganisms forSCP-production
3.2.3 .Selection offermentation systems
3.2.3.1 .Scale-up studies :optimisation forcheap equipment ,
process control
3.2.3.2 .Substrate supplementation :optimisation ofnutrients
formicrobial growth orenzyme production
3*2.3.3.Conditions offermentation :optimisation ofprocess
parameters ,evaluation ofrelevant process parameters
formaximum protein yield ,high productivity onenzymes
etc..process layout (batch orcontinuous )

-12-
3«<2.3u4 <»Preparationoffeed:concentration ,ofproduct(filtration,
centrifugation,flocculation)preservation ofproduct
(drying,autolysis),upgrading'throughsupplementation.
3o2«3^5oFermc:?.?t?.tion wvstetreatment ?T»ns.--?c.irgofwastewater
recovery®
3*2„4.Nutritional andtoxicologica.1 aspects(see3»3.:Nutritionand
toxicology)
3e2.4cl.Composition :proteinandaminoacids ,nucleicacids,cell
wallcomponents,minerals,vitamins,contaminants ,develop­
mentofroutinetests
3.2.4.2.Nutritivevaluesanimalfeedingtests,acceptability .
3.2.4.3.Toxicological aspects.
3.2.5.Economics
3.2.5.1.Costanalysis,coststructure
3.2.5*2.Comparisonwithalternative methodsforprocessingby­
productse.g.sulphiteliquor
3.2.5.3.ProspectsofSCPincomparisonwithotheravailableprotein
sources
3.2.5.4.Energy "balanceoftheprocess.
Anevaluationofthepresentsituationhasbeencompiledfromthe
responsesofnationalco-ordinators .

-13- ___
3.3.NutritionandToxicology.
Previousinvestigations haveshownthatthenatureofsubstrate,the
composition ofthemedium,conditionsoffermentation ,dryingprocedures
andstorageoftheproduct,haveimportanteffectsonthenutritional
propertiesoftheSCPproducts.
Inthisproject,nutritional andtoxicological aspectsofSCPproduced
willbestudiedinrelationto:
a)thespecificityofmicroorganisms ;
b)theconditionsoffermentation (includingpretreatments andcomposi­
tionofmedia)andtypeofsubstrate;
c)theprocessingoftheresultingproduct.
Thisprogrammeis,inprinciple,inaccordancewithIUPAC(l)andPAG
guidelines (2)andCommissionproposals(3)«Specialattentionwasgiven
tothetimesequenceofthevariousteststobeperformed.Itwasstressed
nottodotoomanytoxicological testsonrodentsbuttocommencesmall
scalefieldtrialsontargetanimalsatanearlyphaseoftheprogramme.•
Dependingontheoutcomeofthefirstearlyfeedingtrials,specificand
limitedtoxicological studies "maybeenvisagedfortheelucidation ofpossible
adverseeffectsobservedinthetargetanimals®However,itwasfelttobe
mandatorytoconductcajrefulandextensivestudiesofthepossiblepatho­
genicityandallergenicity ofthechosenmicroorganisms formanandanimals.
Whentheexperimental characterisation ofthematerialhasbeencompleted
andpromisingresultsforlargescaleuseoftheproductbecomeevident,
thenacarefulevaluationoftheanimalfoodproductsafetymustbe
carriedout.Intheanimalproducts,residuesofthesubstrateaxidits
contaminants shouldbedetermined andtheirtolerancelevelshouldbe
established.Experimental studies,whicharebothlongtermandcostly,
areonlyjustifiedforsuchsubstances showntohaveafuturisticvalue.
Thecostestimateofonelongtermstudyinratsisapproximately
J51/4M.
Inthecourseoftheproject,agooddialoguebetweentoxicologists
andnutritionalists mustb9developedtoensurethatpossibleadverse
effectsofthematerialcanbedetected ,asearlyaspossible.
Thetimesequenceofthevariousresearchsub-topicsproposedforthe
co-ordination actionisindescendingorderfrom3»3«1«"to3«3«6;
theresearchsub-topicsbeingasfollowss
.(l)I.U.P.A.C. (international UnionofPureandAppliedChemistry)Technical
.ReportsN°12,August1974*ProposedGuidelinesforTestingSingle-Cell
ProteinDestinedasMajorProteinSourceforAnimalPeed.25pp®
(2)PAGGuidelineN°15onNutritionandSafetyAspectsofNovelProtein
SourcesforAnimalFeeding,9/9/74*Protein-Calorie AdvisoryGroupof
theUnitedNationsSystem. .
(3)DraftproposalforaCouncildirectiveconcerningcertainproductsused
inanimalnutrition.O.J.N°C197/3*l8/8/77»

jfroxiaate prir».oipj es (,Mencia aztalysis j
-Amino aoids ,.ïïor-protein nitroge /i(HES')
-Principal minerals e
|U3»3«Short -term tests fornutriti onal quality determinatio nsinvitro and
invivo »e.g .inrats , -oiglets and ch:'.ekens (e.g .digestibility ?
biological value andprotein efficiency ratio (PIE )
>•3-4 *Tests ontarget animals ofdiff erent speci esand age ,vrithvariou s
concentrations ofSCPin "balanced practical diets (including determi­
nation ofnutritive value such asmetabolisable energy (MS)andamino
acids digestible protein andsupplementary value )toallow economic ?.!
evaluations .
3»3«5® Detailed chemical ,microbiological and physical characterisation ofthe
products and definition ofproduct specification .,
-Chemical composition (carbohydrate ,aminosugars ,nucleic acids ,
lipids ,trace elements ,vitamins ,"by-products and/ortoxicants such
asheavy metals polycyclic hydro carbons andothers depending onthe
substrate ).
-Development ofroutinely applicable methods forthecontrol ofthe
presence ofSCPinanimal feeding stuffs (+)
-Physical properties (density andparticle size ;storage properties ;
functional properties ).
-Development ofscreening methods fortheevaluation ofnutritional
quality ofSCP -
3«3.6 .Animal Product Quality determinations andtoxicological evaluation
ofresidues inthe animal product .
REQUIREMENTS AÏTD TIMHTG .
Besides thegeneral requirements forcoordination purposes (meetings ofthe
Management Committee ,secretariat andproject coordinator ),this project will
need facilities formeetings ,seminars ,workshops ,visits andshort exchange
ofresearch workers forthe dissemination ofknowledge andthediscussion
ofresults ,training ofspecialists and publications .
Itisenvisaged that theproject will last five years .Ashorter period of
investigation isnotrecommended following anevaluation ofthepresent
research situation inthevarious countries .Inthe initial years work will
beconcentrated oncoordination ofexisting trials .Inthefinal period of
the investigations theresearch programme will bereoriented totake account
ofthemost recent developments .
(+)Inseveral countries ,such methods arenotrequired forregistration *

•15-
PROJECTC.Earlyweaningofpigletswithspecialreference -toage.rearing
andphysiology ofreproduction ofsows#
1,MOTIVATI01T.
Theadoptionofearlyweaningtechniquesatfarmlevelhas"beenpartly
-successful# Theaverageageatweaninghasheenreducedfrom6-8weeks
to5^weeks#Ifthemodernpigfarmrepresentsaguidelineforfuture
developments weaningwilltendto"beachievedat3ratherthan5weeks#
Thiswillmeanaloweringofproductioncostandalargeimprovementin
themeatproductionpersowperyear#Itisknownthattheproductionof
pigletsisthemostsensitivephaseintheproductionofpigmeatasawhole
andthatthefurtherprofitability ofpigproductiondependsonsuccessin
rearingpiglets.Theintroduction ofnatalcagesandimprovedfeedingmethods
intherearingofpigletshascreatedarealpossibilitytocuttimeof
weaningstillmore;thusenablingtheproductionofmoreandheavierpiglets
persow#Howevertheseeffortsofresearcherstocutthetimeofweaning
stillfurther "bycagerearingmethodsandbetterfeedinghasgivenriseto
newunforseenproblemsinthereproductive cycleofsowsfromwhichpiglets
havebeenearlyweaned#These problemsinclude:?
a)anincreaseinthenumberofmatingswhichproveinfertile,
b)fewerfertileovaandthereforefewerpigletsinthelitter#
ν
Hencefurtherprogressinpigproductionislimitedwithoutintensivework
onthissubjectinparticular ;andalsooncertainnutritional andrearing
aspectsofthepiglets#
Nutritionalaspectsareconcernedwiththepreparation ofanappropriate
feedtoreplacethemother'smilk#Suchfeedsmust:
a)satisfyallthepiglets'nutritionalrequirements.
b)containonlyingredientswhicharedigestiblebytheenzymespresentin
thedigestivesystemoftheanimalatdifferentages#
c)bepalatabletothepiglets#
Therearingaspectsaremainlyconcernedwiththedevelopment ofequipment
tokeeptemperature ,humidityandairflowconstantatpre-setlevelsdesigned
fordiseasecontrolandmaximumproductivity# Thetypeofcageforpiglets
fromthetimewhentheyareremovedfromtheirmotheruntiltheirweight
reaches15-20kgiscontinuallybeingimproved#
Thecostofalltheseinvestigations wouldbeprohibitive withoutsomeway
ofsharingtheresearchtopicsandlimitingthemtosome'selectedaspects
ofearlyweaningthatcanbereadilyadaptedatfarmlevel.Withthisin
mindthepreferredstandardorcontrolweaningdateis21daysinwhichto
comparetheeffectsofweaningdatesfrombirthto6-8weeks.A28day
standardweaningdatewasconsideredoptionalforthebenefitofsome
countriesespeciallythosewhereanimalwelfarelawsandrestriction ?,on
theuseoffeedadditivesfavourlateweaning.Insuchcasesanacceptable
systemofearlyweaningmastbecompatiblewithsuchrestrictions# Formany
countriesweaningatbirthhasconsiderablescientificandpracticalinterest
butthecostoftheresearchwasprohibitiveformostcountriestoundertake#

-16-à
2*AIMSA?TPOBJECTIVES.
Theaimoftheproposedresearchprojectistoproducerorejmdbeav?*er
pigletspersowperyear®Th?selectedtopicsinvolvemu.chappliedresearch
ir.totheBostprofitable wayofproducingpigletsunderbothhigh3ndlow
costsystems®
Theproposali9directedtowardpromotingandcoordinating ajointcollabo­
rativeresearcheffortwiththefollowingmainobjectives :
I
-toimprovesowoutputthroughanincreaseinthenumberofpigletsbornper
soweachyear.
-torearmore-uniformpigletsbyeliminating competitionforfeedandreducing
theirdependence onthepossiblyunequalmilkcontentofthemothersteats®
-toreducepigletmortalitybybettercontrolofenvironmental conditionsand
nutritional deficiencies®
-tolowerproductioncostsandincreasefarmprofitability®
Theresultsoftheresearchwillbeassessedbyusingauniformanddetailed
systemofmeasurements tobetakenatregularintervals®
3®RESEARCHTOPICS.
Generallyalltheresearchtopicswillbeaimedattheelimination ofthemost
seriousconstraintstoearlyweaning®Theresearchtopicsareasfollows:
3.1®Rearingofpigletsincagesandsowfertilityasaffectedbylengthof
lactation ®
3.1.1®Embryonicmortalityandovulationrate®
3.1.2®Theeffeotofageatweaningoffemalesandnutritiononsuccessive
reproductive capacity®
3®1®3®Hormonalstatus®
3®2®Rationcomposition forearlyweanedpiglets ®
3.2.1®Proteins®
3*2.2®AdditivesandVitamins®
3.2.3.Other.
3.3.Theeffectofageatweaningandpigletrearingmethodonsubsequent
performance.
3.3.1.Cagerearingandmanagementofpigletsincages®
3.3.2®Environmental conditionse.g.Health,Hygiene,Behaviour
3.3.3.Economical considerations®
3.3.4.Fatteningperformances®

-17-
4.REQUIREMENTS ANDTIMING
Besidesthegeneralrequirementsforco-ordination purposes(meetings
oftheManagementCommittee,SecretariatandProjectCo-ordinator ),this
projectwillneedfacilitiesformeetings,seminars,workshops,visits
andshortexchangeofresearchworkersforthedissemination ofknowledge
anddisoussionofresults,trainingofspecialists andpublications.
Itisenvisagedthattheprojectwilllastfiveyears.Inagricultural
i-research,especiallywhereitisofanappliednature,itisacknowledged
;thatshorterperiodsofinvestigation couldgivemisleadingresults.In
theinitialyears,workwill"beconcentrated onco-ordination ofexisting
workusingnewstandardised methodsfortheassessmentoftheresults.
Inthefinalperiod,theresearchprogrammewill"bereorientedtotake
.accountofthemostrecentdevelopments . '

-18-
PROJECT D.Mineral Nutrition onBasic Field Crops (Soil-Huraus -Nitrogen )
1.MOTIVATION
Nitrogen isthemost important aspect ofthemineral fertilisation of
crops to-day .Three main factors have tobeconsidered intheutilis­
ation ofnitrogen ,namely
-energy
–crop yield andquality
–environmental pollution
Energy *I"tisestimated that 15to25%ofthetotal energy imput into
intensive agricultural production isnecessary fornitrogen fertilisation ,
compared with less than 5i°energy forpotassium andphosphors fertilis­
ation .Theenergy used forfertilisation isabout equivalent tothat
used fortheproduction ofagricultural machinery and isexceeded only
byfuel energy consumption in'agriculture .Hence itisclear that in
aneffort tolower energy consumption aswell ascost inall technical
processes ,agriculture must make more efficient use ofnitrogen ferti­
lizer .
Crop yield andquality .Excess ofnitrogen hasanunfavourable effect
oncrop yield andquality because ofalterations ofsome inorganic
constituents oftheplants .Furthermore ,anexcess ofnitrogenous
fertilization increases the susceptibility ofplants todiseases and
can beharmful tothe consumers .
All these considerations refer toprotein production byplants and
.their nutritional properties .
Environmental pollution .Wasteful use ofnitrogen causes serious pollu­
tion damage toinland waters through leaching losses ofnitrogen in
ionic form and totheupper atmosphere through gaseous products ofdeni–
trification .
There issome evidence that these economic .quality and environmental
factors areinfluenced bythesource ofnitrogen ,especially that of
organic origin .
Better useofboth organic andinorganic forms ofnitrogen depends on
ourunderstanding oftheItynamic ofSoil Organic Matter (DSOM ).
Inthepast ,thelack ofknowledge inmethodology prevented athorough
investigation ofthis problem .Themethodology cannowbemade available
but thesolution oftheproblems requires alarge setofexperiments
carried outwith different types ofsoils andunder different climatic
conditions .Asthese variables arenaturally spread over many countries ,
thebest way torealise this project istocarry out experiments within
them intheir natural environment inaco-ordinated way .
2,AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Theaimoftheproposed action istoacquire aknowledge ofthedynamic
ofsoil organic matter (DSOM )inorder toimprove theefficiency of
nitrogen utilisation ,notonly ineconomic terms asafinancial input/
output relationship ,butalso forcrop yield andquality andenviron – .
mental reasons .

Therefore ,theproposal isdirected toward promoting andco-ordinating
ajoint collaborative research effort with thefollowing main objectives
–toexamine thenitrogen cycle inthe soil plant system toestablish
apossible relationship between thedynamics oforganio andinorganio
nitrogen compounds andplant yield andquality ,
-toexamine thedynamics oftheeasily decomposable andhydrolysable
materials insoils andtheir effect onplant yield andquality ,in
connection with theavailability ofsoil nitrogen ,
–toevaluate economio andnutritive value aspects ofusing organic
material ofdifferent origin forplant production ,
–toelucidate thepossible effects ofthedynamics ofthe soil organic
matter system (DSOMS )inorder tobeable toeffect more efficient
control over soil fabric ,soil carbon andnitrogen contents ,leaching
andgaseous losses ofnitrogen ,nitrification ,urease aotivity ,
infections ofcrops andinteractions between soil organic matter
fractions andpesticides *
RESEARCH TOPICS
Alimited number offield trials ontheratej time andmethod ofappli­
cation ofinorganic andorganic nitrogen will beundertaken toinves­
tigate thedynamics ofthe soil organic matter system# These will be
supplemented with some existing field trials (including thelong-term
studies onnitrogen andstraw incorporation carried outbytheInter­
national Working Committee onSoil Fertility under theauspices ofthe
International Society ofSoil Science ).Theinvestigation will give
special emphasis tochanges inthe soil organic matter fraotion and its
usebyplants (cereals ,sugar beets andsome other crops)#
Theresults ofthis research will beassessed byusing auniform and
detailed system ofroutine andspecific measurements onsoils ,crops ,
and climate *
Theprogramme proposals areasfollows :
3*1*Investigation ofthe Dynamics ofSoil Organic Matter
3*1*1 *Mineral Nitrogen fertilization efficiency with andwithout
addition oforganic materials ofdifferent sources *
3*1*1*1 *Therelationship between theefficient utilisation of
mineral fertilizers ,crop yield andthedynamics ofthe
soil organic matter system (DSOMS )
3*1*1#2 *Influence ofenvironment (climate ,soil cropping
system ,rotation ,irrigation ,etc*)andbiological
factors (species ,variety )onthedynamics ofsoil
organic matter system inconnection with inorganio
andorganic fertilization *
3.1.1.3 .Alterations ofsome inorganic andorganic constituents
ofharvested crops ,assymbols forquality (amino acids ,
protein baking quality ,noxious nitrogen ,etc**), bya
shift ofmetabolic pathways *

-20-
3.1.1®4 .Possibilities ofregulating thenitrogen cycle inthe
Soil-Plant -System "byaddition ofchemicals (inhibition
ofnitrification orurease activity ,etc.). Correlation
ofthespeed ofnitrification with other enzyme activi­
ties asameasure for "biological activity insoil (e0g»
dehydrogenase activity ,etc.).
3.1.1 .5»Theresidual effect oflegume crops onthedynamics of
soil organic matter system (DSOMS ),especially changes
inthe soil organic nitrogen fraction .
3.1.2 .The residual efficiency ofplant protection products onplant
growth ,asaffected bythe dynamics ofsoil organic matter
sy~stem(DSQMS").
3.1»3 .Preliminary investigations onthe content ofphenolic compounds
inplant varieties asapossible explanation for higher resis –
tance ofsome plants against disease .
4.REQUIREMENTS AND TIMING
ι
Besides thegeneral requirements forco-ordination purposes (meetings
oftheManagement Committee ,secretariat andProject Co~ordinator ),
this project will need facilities formeetings ,seminars ,workshops ,visits
and short exchange ofresearch workers ,training ofspecialists ,
publications .
Itisenvisaged that theproject will last five years »Inagricultural
research ,specially where itisofanapplied nature anddependant on
weather andother environmental factors ,itisacknowledged that shorter
periods ofinvestigation could give misleading results .Inthe initial
years ,work will beconcentrated onco-ordination ofexisting work and ,
wherever possible ,thestandardisation ofmethods .Inthefinal period ,
theResearch Programme will bereoriented totake account ofthemost
recent developments .

-41-
Implementation ,
Thepresent programme inthe sector ofagricultural research will b.e
implemented bycarrying outfojir multiannual concerted projects ,because
of-its scientific ,andeconomic importance ,itwill beofinterest to
allMember States ,even tothose notinvolved inaparticular line of
research orlacking therequired facilities toparticipate actively .
Inprinciple ,thecompetent national authorities intend ,aspart ofthe
rules andprocedures applicable totheir national programmes ,tocarry
outtheir contributions totherespective projects ,andareprepared
tointegrate such research into aprocess ofcoordination atCommunity
level .
AConcerted Action Committee will beestablished for each project ,in
which theMember States arerepresented bythepersons responsible for
coordinating thenational contributions to .theprogramme 1.
The coordination ofthe concerted project will becarried outunder the
responsibility oftheCommission ,assisted byaproject co-ordinator tobe
appointed bytheCommission inagreement with therespective Concerted
Action Committee .
After theCouncil Decision ,aconcertation between thepresent concerted
actions andtherelevant programmes oftheCOST Third States will be
effected .
TheStanding Committee onAgricultural Research will bekept informed
oftheimplementation ofthis programme ;this Committee is,inparticular ,
duly qualified forgiving ,this research itsproper place within the
sectorial policy oftheEuropean Communities aswell asforensuring
its success .
Financial aspects .
Thefinancial volume of ,thenational research contributions tothe
respective .concerted projects isestimated at23•5million EUA (European
Units ofAccount )fortheduration oftheprogramme .
Itisapportioned asfollows -:
Concerted Project Durât ion EUA
ginyears inmillion I
Γ I
A 5 5
B 5 10
C 5 3.5
D 5 5
TOTAL 23.5

-22-
Thecostofcoordination ,chargedtotheCommunitybudget,isestimated
at1.76millionEUAforthedurationoftheprogramme.
Thesecostsincludesalariesforscientificandsecretarialstaffinvolved
inthecoordinatingaction,(theallocationof1Aand1Cisrequestedforthisprogramme),administrative costs(expensesforexpertsandmeetings)
andexpenditures "bycontracts (pi"°ojectleader,exchangeofpersonnel,
workshop,trainingofspecialists,publication,subgroupmeetings),subdivided
asfollows:
Personnel 493»°00
Administration 181.400EUA
Contracte 1.088.600 EUA
TOTAL1.763.800 EUA

-23
ANNEX I
PROPOSAL FOR ACOUNCIL DECISION
adopting aEuropean Economic Community
research anddevelopment programme in
theagricultural research sector consisting
offour multi annual concerted projects
THECOUNCIL OFTHE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
Having regard totheTreaty establishing theEuropean Economic
Community ,andinparticular Article 43thereof ,
Having regard totheproposal from theCommission ,
Having regard totheopinion oftheEuropean Parliament ,
Whereas ,initsResolution of14January 1974 ..onaninitial outline
programme oftheEuropean Communities inthefield ofscience and
technology ^,theCouncil stressed thatthewhole range ofavailable
ways andmeans ,including concerted projects ,should beemployed ,and
.that whenever itproved desirable ,steps should betaken tomake it
possible fornon-member countries ,particularly European non-member
countries ,tobecome associated inthese projects ;
2Whereas ,Council Regulation (EEC )No1728/74provides forcoordination
atCommunity level ofnational agricultural research projects ;
Whereas thefour research projects inthesector ofagricultural
research were proposed bytheYugoslav delegation toCOST (European
Cooperation inthefield ofScientific andTechnical Research );
Whereas theMember States intend ,under therules andprocedures
applicable totheir national programmes ,tocarry outtheresearch
described inAnnexes AtoD,aridareprepared tocoordinate such
research atCommunity level over aperiod offive years ;
(1)O.J. NoC7,29.1.1974 ,p.6
(2)O.J. NoL182 ,5.7.1974 ,p.l

-2.k-
WhereastheexecutionofsuchresearchasdescribedinAnnexesAto
Dwillrequireafinancialcontributionofabout13millionEuropean
UnitsofAccountfromtheMember ,States;
WhereastheCommunityisempoweredtoconcludeagreementswithnon-
membercountriesinthefieldscoveredbythisDecision;whereasthe
CounciloftheEuropeanCommunities agreedoncertainmethodsof
co-operation withintheframeworkofCOSTon18July1978;
yhereastheScientific andTechnicalResearchCommittee (CREST)has
givenitsopinionontheCommissionproposal,
HASDECIDEDASFOLLOWS s
Article1
Inthesectorofagriculture research,theCommunityshallimplement
foraperiodoffiveyearsfourconcertedprojects,hereinafter
referredtoas"theprojects",inthefieldsof:
.Maizeasabasicfeedforbeefproduction ;
B.Theproduction andfeedingofsinglecellprotein;
C.Earlyweaningofpiglets;
D.Themineralnutritionoffieldcrops.•<
Theprojectsshallconsistincoordination 1atCommunitylevelofthe
researchdescribedinAnnexesAto.D■,whichformpartofthe
researchprogrammesoftheMemberStates.
Article2
TheCommissionshallberesponsibleforcoordinating suchprojects.
Article3
Thetotalamountrequiredforthedurationoftheprogrammeis
estimatedat1,76millionEUA,asdefinedinArticle10ofthe
FinancialRegulationof21December1977>andthestaffallocation
at2servants.Thesefiguresareintendedmerelyasaguide.
Article4
Tofacilitatetheexecutionofthefourprojects,aConcertedAction
Committee ,hereinafter referredtoas"theCommittee",shallbe
established foreachproject.
Foreachproject,aprojectcoordinatorshallbeappointedbythe
Commissioninagreementwiththerespective Committee.Heshall,
inparticular ,assisttheCommissioninitscoordinating action.
Thetermsofreferenceandthecomposition oftheseCommitteesare
definedinAnnexE.
EachCommitteeshalldrawupitsrulesofprocedure.Itssecretariat
shallbeprovidedbytheCommission .

-25-
Article 5
Inaccordance with aprocedure tobeadopted bytheCommission in
agreement with theCommittee ,Member States participating inthe
projects shall exchange regularly alluseful information concerning
theexecution oftheresearch covered byeach project and forward
totheCommission all information that may beuseful for coordina­
tion purposes .They shall also endeavour toprovide theCommission
with information onsimilar research planned orcarried outby
bodies forwhich they are not responsible .This information shall
betreated asconfidential ifsorequested bytheMember State which
provides it.
TheCommission shall prepare annual progress reports onthebasis ofthe
information supplied ,andshall forward them totheMember States and
totheEuropean Parliament .
Attheend ofthecoordination period ,theCommission shall ,inagree­
ment with theCommittee ,forward totheMember States and tothe
European Parliament ageneral report onthe execution and results of
thecoordination process .TheCommission shall publish this report
six months after ithas been forwarded tothe Member States unless a
Member State objects .Inthis case thereport shall bedistributed ,
solely toinstitutions andundertakings which sorequest andwhose
research andproduction activities justify access ,totheresults of
theresearch carried outunder each project .TheCommission may
make provision that thereports remain confidential and are not
disclosed tothird parties .
Article 6
1«TheCommunity may ,in,accordance with Article 228OftheTreaty ,
conclude agreements with non-Member States involved inEuropean
Cooperation inthe field ofScientific andTechnical Research
(COST )with aview toensuring cooperation asregards theCommunity
concerted projects relating totopics defined inAnnexes AtoDand
therelevant programmes ofthese COST States .
2.TheCommission ,ishereby authorized toopen negotiations for the
conclusion ofagreements ofthekind referred tointhepreceding
paragraph inaccordance with theconclusions adopted bytheCouncil on
18July 1978 inconnection with European Cooperation inthefield of
Scientific andTechnical Research (COST ). .. .
Article 7
This Decision shall -enter into force on
Done at
For the Council ,
The President ,

-26-
AUNEXA
MaizeasaBasicFeedforBeefProduction.
Contributions oftheMemberStatestotheconcertedprojectsbyresearch
topics.
f Î
ResearchTopics ΒI
D
II
DKI
Ρ1
GBf
I1
IRLt
L1
ML
1.Practicaland
appliedaspects
ofusingthemaize
crop(wholeplant,
grainandstover)
forbeefproduc­
tion,includingre­
ferencetotheuse
ofalternative
feeds.!
I
j
i
X
II
!
I
I.X
I(X)I
I
I
!(X)(χ)χ X
2.I'ietnodsofmeasur­
ingthenutritive
valueofthemaize
cropandalternati -*
veforagesorcrop
residuesforrumi­
nantproduction
IXX
Iχχ)xX
1
II
ίX
(X)notconfirmed

TheProductionandFeedingofSingleCellProtein(SCP)
Contributions oftheMemberStatestotheconcertedprojectbyresearch
'.topics.
v-
ResearchTopics ΒDDKΡGBII
IIRLLNL
l'.SingleCellProtein
;ProductionfromWheyXX X X X
2.SingleCellProtein
Production from
Cellulose X XXXX X
3»Nutritional and
Toxicological eva-
luationofSingle
CeliProtein XX XX X

-28-
AMÏÏEXC
EarlyWeaningofPigletswithspecialreferencetoage,rearingand
physiologyofreproduction ofsows.
Contributions oftheMemberStatestotheconcertedprojectbyresearch
topics.
ResearchTopics 'ΒΒΕΚΡGBIIRLLNL
1.Rearingofpiglets
incagesandsowfer­
tilityasaffected XXXX
bylengthoflacta­
tion
1.1,Embryonicmorta-J
lityandovula­i
tionrate 1 X
I1.2.Theeffectofage
atweaningoffema-:
lesandnutrition λ XXi
i
onsuccessive re-i
ii
t
Iproductivecapacity.
1.3*Other(specify)I
Hormonalstatus X
2.Rationcompositionfor
earlyweanedpiglets X
2.1.Proteins x: xX X
2.2.Additives and
Vitamins Χ χχχ χ
2.3.Other(specify) Χ XΧΧ
3.Theeffectofageat
Iweaningandpiglet
rearingmethodonsub­
sequentperformance X X
3.1.Cagerearingand
managementofpi-
gletsincage XX X
3.2.Environmental con-
ditionse.g.Hygiè­
ne,Behaviour X XX
3.3.Economical consi­
derations XX
3i4«Other(specify)
.ratteningperfor 1-F
manees

-29-.
AMETD
MineralnutritionofBasicFieldCrops
(Soil-Humus-Mtrogen)
Contributions oftheMemberStatestotheconcertedprojectbyresearch
topics..
ResearchTopics
IΒD•DKΡ •GBIERLLNL
t |
1.Mineral ■I
nitrogenfertiliser
efficiencywithand
withouttheaddition
oforganicmaterials
ofdifferentsources(XX X(X)(χ)
2*Theresidual
efficiencyofplant
protectionproducts
onplantgrowthas
affected "bythe
DBQMSXX'
°Iyt
!
3.Preliminary -
investigations on
thecontentofthe
phenoliccompounds
inplantvarieties
asapossibleexpla­
nationforhigher
resistance ofsome
plantsagainst
disease.
IX
III(X)
I
t
ii
(x)Notconfirmed

-30-
ΑΜΈΧ Ε
T£RI£ >0i?'Liu ?KiiXii-j OiiiAaj sjCIIPOSJTICI ^
OFTHE CONCERTED ACTION COMMITTEE
The Committee shall :
1.1 .contribute tothe optimum execution ofthe programme "bygiving
itsopinion onall ofitsaspects ;
1.2 .evaluate theresults anddraw conclusions asregards their
application ;
1.3.ensure theexchange ofinformation referred toinArticle '5(a);
1.4 .keep abreast ofnational research being done inthe fields
covered bythe concerted project ,andmore especially of
scientific andtechnical developments likely toaffect the
execution ofthe project ;
1.5 .suggest guidelines tothe project co-ordinator .
The Committee 'sreports and opinions shall beforwarded tothe
Commission and totheMember States participating inthe project .
The Commission shall forward these opinions tothe CREST and to
the SCAR .
The Committee shall becomposed ofpersons responsible for coordinating
thenational contributions totheprogramme ,andthe project co-ordinator .
Each member may beaccompanied byexperts .

FINANCIAL DATA,
BUDGETCHAPTERsChapter33item3371financialplanreference371»1
«
HEADINGOFTHEBUDGETTITLE:Item3371–implementation ofconoerted
actionprojects.Finanoialplanreference s
371*7•Agricultural Research.
JURIDICALBASISsArticle43 ■x
" CouncilRegulation(EEC)N®1728/74of27June1974^-O.J.N°L182/1of5July1974.
DESCRIPTION .OBJECTIVES ANDJUSTIFICATION OFACTION:
4.1.Description
Coordination ofsomeimportantresearchworkinprogressor
plannedintheMemberStatesonfouragricultural subjects.
Theenlargement ofthecoordination totherelevantactivities
undertakeninEuropeanNon-MemberStatesisalsoforeseen.
4.2.Objectives :JointEuropeanresearcheffortbyimplementing fourconcerted
projectsinthefieldof
-Maizeasabasicfeedforbeefproduction(5years)
v,Tl.oyj:q."motionandfeedingofsinglecellprotein(5years)
C.Earlyweaningofpiglets(5years) .|
D.Themineralnutritionoffieldcrops(5years)
! I-
4*3»Justification .:.
■Tnisproposalforaresearchprogrammeisconsequentupona
suggestion madebytheYugoslavian delegationinCOST.Theproposed
researchworkisinlinewiththesecondagricultural research
programme(DecisionoftheCouncilof'30/31October1978)andit
hasadireotbearingontheCouncilregulation(EEC)n°1728/74
of27June19740* .

TOTALFINANCIAL INCIDENCE OFACTIONIFEUAo
5.0.Incidenceonexpenditure
5.0.0.The.totalcosts,duringthetermenvisaged,
-onCommunitybudget 1.763.800
-bynationaladministrations J
-byothersectorsatnational,13.000.000
level )
TOTAL14.763.800
5.0.1.Multiannual termi
C0KMITMENT
19791980 198119821983 TOTAL
Staff
Admin.
Contracts87.100
32.000
192.00093.200
34.200
205.40098.400
36.160
217.000104.500
:38.400
230.400110.600
40.640
243.800493.80(
181.40c
1.088.600
TOTAL 311.100332.800351.560373.300395.0401.763.800
ΡΛγ,·.ΙΓν>ττρ
I1979 !1980 198119821983 TOTAL
Staff
Admin.
Contracts87.100
32.000
192.000!
93.200
34.200
!205.40098.400
36.160
217.000104.500
38.400
230.400110.600
40.640
243.800493.800
181.400
L.088.600
TOTAL 311.100332.800351.560373.300 •395.0401.763.800funded
EUA
inEUA

5.0.2•Evaluation method
a.Staffexpenditures
Thestaffneedsforthisprogrammeareestimatedat:
1categoryAstaff
1category Cstaff
w.Inadditiontostaffnumberestimates,theevaluationtakesinto
iaooounttheparametersadoptedfortheestablishment ofthepro­
posalforthe"budgetforecast1979*Onlyavariationofthe
correctionooeffioients isconsideredtomeetpossiblerseeSs
originating fromthegeneralevolutionofpriceaintheCoEHaiualt ,
b.Administrative expenditures
Theycoverthecostsofmissions,organization ofmeetings
(concertedactioncommittees),convocationofexperts.
c.Contractsexpenditures
Theycoverallexpenditures arisingfromservice-contracts and
provid.6themeansfor:projectcoordinator ,hi^secretariat $
workshops,exchangeofresearchworkers,trainingof
specialist,publications ,etc.
d.Multiannual forecasts
■■i-in–■■i■i■–i–■■■■■■ ■■ ■
Theindicesappliedtocalculatetheforecastsareasfollows:
1980-1.07,I98I-1,13,1982-1,20,1983-1,27.
5.1.Incidence onthefunds
6.CONTROLMEASURESFORESEEN.,
Scientificcontrol:eachconcertedprojectiscontrolledbyitsConcerted
.ActionCommittee.
Administrative controls: .x «
-Regularityofexpenditures FinancialControl
-Budgetexécution:FinancialControl
7.FUNDINGACTION.'.
7.0. ,..
7.1. .'
7.2.
7.3.Fundstobeincludedinfuturebudgets.