29. 1. 79 Official  Journal  of the  European  Communities No C 25/9 
ANNEX  Vf 
Minimum  fish  size  (cm)  referred  to in Article  6 
That  part  of Region  1 inside 
ICES  sub-areas  II, V, XII  and  XIV Region 
2 Region 
3 
Cod (Gadus  morhua) 34C) 30 30 
Haddock  (Melanogrammus  aeglefinus) 31 27 27 
Hake  (Merluccius  merluccius) 30 30 30 
Plaice  (Pleuronectes  platessa) 25 25 25 
Witch  (Glyptocephalus  cynoglossus) 28 28 28 
Lemon  sole  (Microstomias  kitt) 25 25 25 
Sole (Solea  solea) 24 24 24 
Turbot  (Psetta  maxima) 30 30 30 
Brill (Scophthalmus  rhombus) 30 30 30 
Megrim  (Lepidorhombus  spp) 25 25 25 
Whiting  (Merlangius  merlangus) 27 27 23 
Dab (Limanda  limanda) 15 15 15 
Saithe  (Pollachius  virens) 35 30(:) 30 
Common  sea bream  (Pagellus  bogaraveo) — — 12 
Red mullet  (Mullus  surmuletus) — — 15 
Bass  (Dicentrarchus  labrax) — 26 25 
Conger  eel (Conger  conger) — — 58 
Pollack  (Pollachius  pollachius) — — 22 
Ling  (Molva  molva) — 63 
Shad  (Alosa  spp) — 30 
Sturgeon  (Acipenser  sturio) — 145 
Grey  mullet  (Mugil  spp) — — 20 
Salmon  (Salmo  salar) — — 48 
Trout  (Salmo  trutta) — — 23 
(') The  minimum  size  in ICNAF  sub-area  1 shall  be 40 cm. 
(2) Except  landings  of saithe  caught  in the  area  east  of a line  drawn  from  Hanstholm  to Lindesnes. 
Proposal  for  a Council  Directive  on the  approximation  of the  laws  of the  Member  States 
relating  to safety  requirements  for  tower  cranes  for  building  work 
(Submitted  by  the  Commission  to  the  Council  on  8 December  1978) 
THE  COUNCIL  OF THE  EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES, 
Having  regard  to the  Treaty  establishing  the  European 
Economic  Community,  and  in particular  Article  100 
thereof, 
Having  regard  to the  proposal  from  the  Commission, 
Having  regard  to  the  opinion  of  the  European 
Parliament, 
Having  regard  to the opinion  of the  Economic  and  Social 
Committee, Whereas  in  each  Member  State  the  design  and 
construction  of tower  cranes  for  building  work  are 
subject  to safety  provisions  which  differ  from  one 
Member  State  to another  and  consequently  hinder  trade 
in these  lifting  appliances;  whereas  it is therefore 
necessary  to approximate  these  provisions; 
Whereas  Council  Directive  78/  /EEC  of on  the 
approximation  of the laws  of the  Member  States  relating 
to common  provisions  for  lifting  and  mechanical 
No C 25/10 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 29. 1. 79 
handling  appliances  laid  down  a series  of common 
procedures  such  as  EEC  type-approval,  EEC 
type-examination  and  EEC  independent  certification  for 
the placing  on the market  of these  lifting  and mechanical 
handling  appliances;  whereas  in the case  of dismountable 
tower  cranes  for  building  work  EEC  type-examination 
and EEC  inspection  should  be provided  for; 
Whereas  this  Directive,  like  Council  Directive 
78/ /EEC  of ....  on the approximation  of the laws 
of the Member  States  relating  to the permissible  sound 
emission  level  for tower  cranes,  is a separate  Directive 
within  the meaning  of Council  Directive  78/ /EEC  of 
Whereas  technical  progress  requires  rapid  adaptation  of 
the technical  requirements;  whereas  the  procedure  laid 
down  in Article  22 of Council  Directive  78/  /EEC  of 
should  therefore  be adopted  for  amendments  and 
adaptations  to this  Directive, 
HAS  ADOPTED  THIS  DIRECTIVE: 
Article  1 
1. This  Directive  applies  to  power-driven 
dismountable  tower  cranes  for building  work. 
2. For  the  purposes  of this  Directive  'tower  crane' 
means  a power-driven  lifting  appliance  consisting  of a 
vertical  tower  with  a jib fitted  to the upper  part. 
The appliance  shall  be equipped  with  means  for raising 
and lowering  suspended  loads  and  for  horizontal 
movement  of such  loads  by variation  of load  lifting 
radius,  slewing  and  travelling  of the complete  appliance. 
The appliance  may  be installed  in a fixed  position  or 
equipped  with  means  for travel. 
3. An  'EEC-tower  crane'  means  any  tower  crane  for 
building  work  which  satisfies  the requirements  of this 
Directive. 
4. For  the  purposes  of this  Directive  'building  work' 
means  work  on building  and  public  works  sites  where 
the crane  is dismantled  on completion  of the work. 
5. This  Directive  does  not  apply  to: 
— permanently  erected  tower  cranes, 
— power-driven  mobile  jib cranes  which  may  be fitted 
with  a tower  attachment, 
— dockside  and  shipbuilders'  tower  cranes, 
— erection  masts,  with  or without  jibs. Article  2 
EEC-tower  cranes  shall  undergo  EEC  type-examination 
and EEC  inspection  in accordance  with  the provisions  of 
Article  2 of Council  Directive  78/  /EEC  of 
Article  3 
1. Member  States  shall  ensure  that  the  approved 
bodies,  in accordance  with  the provisions  of Articles  9 to 
15 of Council  Directive  78/  /EEC  of ,  grant  an 
EEC  type-examination  certificate  only  when  the type  of 
tower  crane  complies  with  the requirements  laid  down  in 
the Annex  to this  Directive. 
2. The  approved  bodies  shall  ensure  that  EEC 
inspection  is carried  out  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of Articles  16 to 19 of Council  Directive 
78/ /EEC  of 
3. The  approved  bodies  shall  issue  an  EEC 
type-examination  certificate,  a model  of which  is shown 
in Annex  III to Council  Directive  78/  /EEC  of , 
for each  type  of tower  crane  for  building  work  which 
meets  the requirements  laid  down  in the  Annex  to this 
Directive. 
4. The  manufacturer  or his authorized  agent  shall,  in 
accordance  with  Article  20  of  Council  Directive 
78/ /EEC  of ,  issue  a certificate  of conformity,  a 
model  of which  is shown  in Annex  IV to that  Directive, 
for each  type  of tower  crane  for  building  work 
constructed  in conformity  with  the  type  which  has 
undergone  EEC  type-examination. 
5. Furthermore,  the  manufacturer  or his authorized 
agent  shall  affix  beside  or on the instruction  plate  of the 
crane  an indelible  and  durable  EEC  conformity  mark  in 
accordance  with  Article  20 of  Council  Directive 
78/ /EEC  of and  Annex  I to that  Directive. 
Article  4 
No Member  State  may,  on  grounds  relating  to the 
requirements  laid  down  in this  Directive,  refuse,  prohibit 
or restrict  the placing  on the  market  and  the  entry  into 
service  of the tower  cranes  for building  work  referred  to 
in Article  1 (2) and  (3) where  these  are accompanied  by a 
certificate  of conformity  and  bear  the conformity  mark 
referred  to in Article  3 of this  Directive. 
Article  S 
Amendments  necessary  to adjust  the  Annex  to this 
Directive  to technical  progress  shall  be adopted  in 
accordance  with  the procedure  laid  down  in Article  22 of 
Council  Directive  78/  /EEC  of 
29. 1. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 25/11 
Article  6 
1. Member  States  shall  bring  into  force  the  laws, 
regulations  and  administrative  provisions  necessary  to 
comply  with  this  Directive  within  18 months  of its 
notification  and  shall  forthwith  inform  the Commission 
thereof. 
2. Once  this  Directive  has been  notified,  the Member 
States  shall  also  ensure  that  the Commission  is informed, in sufficient  time  for it to submit  its comments,  of any 
draft  laws,  regulations  or administrative  provisions 
which  they  propose  to adopt  in the field  covered  by this 
Directive. 
Article  7 
This  Directive  is addressed  to the Member  States. 
ANNEX 
1. Cabins  and entrances 
1.1. For  cranes  with  a horizontal  jib having  an effective  working  moment  exceeding  600  kNm  (*) or 
with  a jib which  is positioned  at a height  of more  than  25 m above  foundation  level,  a cabin 
rotating  with  the tower  is obligatory  if the crane  is controlled  from  a position  on the crane  m6re 
than  2 m from  the ground  on which  it is set up. 
For cranes  with  a luffing  jib having  an effective  working  moment  exceeding  600  kNm  (*) or 
with  the heel  of the jib on the tower  positioned  at a height  of more  than  20 m above  foundation 
level,  a cabin  rotating  with  the  tower  is obligatory  if the crane  is controlled  from  a position  on 
the crane  more  than  2 m from  the ground  on which  it is set up. 
1.2. If  the appliance  is provided  with  a cabin  it shall  not be suspended  from  a jib. It may  be attached 
to or positioned  in the tower  but  in such  a way  that  it cannot  be crushed  if the jib accidentally 
falls. 
When  the cabin  is situated  inside  the tower  the window  sections  may  protrude  through  the mast 
structure. 
1.3. The  cabin  shall  be sufficiently  large  to allow  safe  operation  of the  crane  and  permit  proper 
visibility  from  the  seat. 
1.4. The  usable  internal  dimensions  of the  cabin  shall  not  be less  than: 
length:  0-80  m, 
width:  0-80  m, 
height:  2 00 m. 
1.5. The  cabin  ceiling  shall  be smooth  and  shall  not  have  any  kind  of projection. 
1.6. The  cabin  shall: 
1.6.1.  —  be  provided  with  a roof  capable  of supporting  at any  point  a mass  of 100  kg distributed 
over  a surface  of 30 cm X 30 cm; 
1.6.2.  -—  afford  protection  to the crane-driver  in atmospheric  conditions  such  as rain,  or extremes  of 
heat  or cold; 
1.6.3.  —  be  provided  with  an efficient  and  intrinsically  safe  means  of heating,  which  shall  be fixed  in 
a permanent  position; 
1.6.4.  —  be  adequately  ventilated; 
1.6.5.  —  be  provided  with  equipment  to give  adequate  and  efficient  artificial  lighting; 
1.6.6.  —  have  an integral  cabin  seat  which  is comfortable  and  adjustable; 
1.6.7.  —  allow  the  window-panes  to be cleaned  without  risk;  the  front  window  and  if necessary  the 
other  windows  shall  have  (a) windscreen  wiper(s); 
(') As  per  definition  of the  nominal  characteristics  of tower  cranes  indicated  in the  addendum. 
No C 25/12 Official  Journal  of the  European  Communities 29. 1. 79 
1.6.8.  —  be provided  with  windows  which  shall  be of safety  glass  or of a synthetic  material  which 
resists  ignition  and  does  not lose  transparency  under  the influence  of natural  light; 
1.6.9.  —  have  a fixed  thermally  insulated  non-skid  glass  panel  at the foot  rest  position; 
1.6.10.  —  with  the exception  of the windows,  be constructed  of materials  which  resist  ignition. 
1.7. Internal  combustion  engines  shall  not  be installed  in the  cabin.  Exhaust  pipes  shall  be so 
constructed  and  installed  as to prevent  the entry  of exhaust  gases  into  the cabin  and  to prevent 
the driver's  visibility  from  becoming  obscured. 
1.8. Access  to the cabin  shall  be provided  by a door  which  opens  outwards  and  which  is fitted  with  a 
mechanical  closing  device.  The  door  shall  lead  to landings  or gangways. 
1.9. It  shall,  however,  be permissible  to have  access  to the cabin  by means  of a trap-door  in the floor 
or in the ceiling  of the cabin  when,  from  a construction  viewpoint,  it is not possible  to have  an 
access  door  (as provided  for in 1.8),  on condition  that  when  access  is gained  by way  of a 
trap-door  in the floor: 
— when  the  trap-door  is in the open  position  there  remains  a minimum  floor  surface  of 
0 80 X 0-50  m, 
— the  trap-door  can  only  be opened  towards  the inside  of the cabin, 
— an emergency  exit  is provided  by an emergency  trap-door  either  in the ceiling  or on the side 
of the cabin.  This  trap-door  shall  be reached  by an emergency  ladder. 
The dimensions  of these  trap-doors  shall  be at least  0-50  X 0 60 m and  they  shall  be provided 
with  a locking  device  to maintain  them  in the open  position.  The  trap-door  in the ceiling  shall 
only open  upwards. 
1.10.  When  some  oblique  or vertical  walls  have  windows  situated  at a level  lower  than  100m  in 
relation  to the floor,  the glazed  portions  shall  be protected  to a height  of 1 00 m by horizontal 
bars at 0 • 25 m, 0 • 50 m and  100m  from  the floor  or by vertical  bars  at 0 20 m intervals  or by 
a suitable  arrangement  which  does  not obstruct  the driver's  visibility. 
Each  bar shall  be capable  of withstanding  a force  of 1 000 N without  noticeable  deformation. 
1.11.  When  the floor  is provided  with  windows  including  oblique  elements  these  shall  be protected  in 
an identical  manner  to that  described  in 1.10  above. 
1.12.  When  the control  station  is situated  at the foot  of the crane,  it shall  be protected  by a roof  which 
is capable  of absorbing  the energy  of a steel  sphere  of mass  7 kg falling  through  a vertical 
distance  of 2 metres. 
2. Access 
2.1.1.  All  control  stations  and  all parts  of the crane  to which  access  is required  for inspection  or 
regular  maintenance  operations  shall  be provided  with  safe  means  of access. 
2.1.2.  The  areas  referred  to in the preceding  paragraph  which  are located  more  than  2 m above  the 
ground,  and  also  the jibs  shall  be accessible  by means  of stairs,  landings,  gangways  or ladders. 
Stairs  shall  have  hand-rails  on both  sides. 
2.1.3.  In  order  to carry  out  erection  or dismantling  operations,  inspection,  emergency  repairs  or 
maintenance  of parts  located  more  than  2 m above  the ground,  the crane,  including  the jib, shall 
be provided  with  sufficient  support  equipment  (e.g.  hand-rails,  hand-grips,  platforms,  safety 
equipment,  etc.)  to ensure  the safety  of personnel  and  to allow  them  access  to the places  of 
work. 
Pulleys  and moving  parts  located  along  a jib shall  be so constructed  as to eliminate  the necessity 
for greasing  maintenance  between  the erection  and  dismantling  of the crane.  If this  is not the 
case,  means  of access  shall  be provided  in the jib. 
29. 1. 79 Official  Journal  of the  European  Communities No C 25/13 
Figure  1 
Protective  device  against  fall 
300 mm 
Figure  2 
Protective  device  against  fall 
I 
300 mm 
Figure  3 
Hand-rail 
> 300  mm 
Figure  1: 
Where  gangways  are provided  in jibs of a structural  height  of not more  than  1 • 50 m, these  gangways  shall 
be fitted  along  the side  of the jib. In this  case,  it is accepted  that  the diagonal  bars  have  to be stepped  over. 
As a protection  against  fall a hand-rail  shall  be fitted  all the way  along  the longitudinal  supports  to which 
the worker's  safety  belt  can  be attached. 
Figure  2: 
Where  gangways  are provided  in jibs  of a structural  height  of more  than  1 50 m but  not  more  than 
1 • 80 m, these  shall  also  be fitted  along  the side.  The  guide  rail specified  in Figure  1 acting  as a protective 
device  against  fall shall  be fitted  1 50 m above  the gangway. 
Figure  3: 
Where  gangways  are provided  in jibs  of a structural  height  greater  than  1-80  m, the gangways  shall  be 
fitted  to the centre  of the longitudinal  lower  supports.  At a height  of 1 m above  the floor  of the gangway 
hand-rails  shall  be provided  to act as protective  devices  against  fall,  at least  on one  side  and  possibly  on 
both  sides. 
No C 25/14 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 29. 1. 79 
2.1.4.  The  abovementioned  means  of access  need  not be installed  in the jibs  where  the latter  can  be 
lowered  to enable  a complete  visual  inspection  to be carried  out or where  another  appropriate 
means  of carrying  out a visual  inspection  is provided  for in the construction. 
2.2. Ladders  and  stairs 
2.2.1.  These  are defined  as follows: 
2.2.1.1.  —  stairs:  accesses  forming  an angle  of not more  than  65°  to the horizontal  plane; 
2.2.1.2.  —  ladders:  accesses  forming  an angle  of not less  than  75°  but less  than  90°  to the horizontal 
plane. 
2.2.1.3.  Accesses  forming  an angle  of more  than  65°  but  less  than  75°  to the  horizontal  plane  are 
forbidden. 
2.2.2.  Stairs 
2.2.2.1.  The  stairs  shall  be provided  with  a hand-rail  on both  sides  at a height  of 1 m vertically  above  the 
edge  of each  step  together  with  an intermediate  rail  located  at half  height. 
2.2.2.2.  The  steps  shall  be of the non-skid  type  and  shall  be rounded  off to protect  the feet. 
The rise  between  the  steps  shall  not  exceed  0 20 m and  shall  preferably  comply  with  the 
following  formula: 
Twice  the height  of the step  + one  projection  = 0 63 m. 
The width  of the steps  shall  be at least  0 60 m. 
The distance  between  the steps  shall  be constant. 
2.2.3.  Ladders 
Ladders  shall  have  the following  characteristics: 
2.2.3.1.  —  the  minimum  width  between  uprights  shall  be 0 30 m; 
2.2.3.2.  —  the  rungs  shall  be spaced  equally  at intervals  of between  0 -25 
2.2.3.3.  —  there  shall  be a free  space  behind  the rungs  of at least  0 16 m 
least  equivalent  to the width  between  the uprights; 
2.2.3.4.  —  the  minimum  diameter  of the rungs  shall  be 16 mm. 
2.2.3.5.  A rung  shall  be capable  of supporting  at its centre  a force  of 1 200  N without  becoming 
permanently  bent. 
2.2.3.6.  Vertical  or slightly  inclined  ladders  which  give  access  to a height  of more  than  5 m shall  be fitted 
with  hoop-guards  from  a point  2 50 m above  their  departure  platform.  The  diameter  of the 
hoops  shall  be between  0 • 70 and  0 80 m. 
2.2.3.7.  The  distance  between  two  hoops  shall  be at most  0 -90 m. 
The hoops  shall  be connected  by at least  three  longitudinal  bars  spaced  equally  around  the 
hoop. 
In all cases  a bar shall  be fixed  in a position  diametrically  opposite  to the vertical  line  through 
the centre  of the ladder. 
2.2.3.8.  The  strength  of the hoop-guards  supported  by the longitudinal  bars  shall  permit  the application, 
at any  point  on a hoop,  of a force  of 1 000  N distributed  over  10 cm without  any  visible 
deformation. 
2.2.3.9.  A  hoop-guard  is not required  when  the ladder  is located  inside  a structure  if this  acts  as a back 
guard  and  if the free  passage  between  the ladder  and  the structure  is between  0 • 70 and  0 80 m 
inclusive.  It is considered  as ensuring  equivalent  protection  if the characteristics  of the structure 
are such  that  the vertical  distance  between  the bars  is always  less  than  O - 75 m in the area  where 
protection  is necessary  and  that  the diameter  of the circle  inscribed  between  the ladder  and  the 
bars is less  than  0 75 m. 
2.2.3.10.  Ladders  shall  have  rest  platforms  placed  in such  a way  that  the first  flight  does  not exceed  10 m 
and that  subsequent  landings  are provided  every  6 m. m and  0 30 m inclusive; 
in depth  and  of a width  at 
29. 1. 79 Official  Journal  of the  European  Communities No C 25/15 
2.2.3.11.  Flights  of ladders  shall  be positively  separated  from  one  another  where  this  is possible. 
2.2.3.12.  In the case  of telescopic  cranes  the flight  of 10 m may  be exceeded  on external  masts  depending 
on the type  of the construction. 
2.2.3.13.  Emergency  ladders 
The emergency  ladders  specified  in 1.9 shall  comply  with  the requirements  laid  down  in clauses 
2.2.3.1  to 2.2.3.5  inclusive. 
2.2.4.  Floors  and  platforms 
2.2.4.1.  Any  floor  or platform  more  than  2 m above  ground  level  shall  be of all-metal  construction  and 
shall  have  a surface  which  minimizes  the risk  of slipping. 
2.2.4.2.  There  shall  be no possibility  of water  accumulation. 
2.2.4.3.  They  shall  be provided  with  guard  rails  consisting  of: 
— a hand-rail,  0 • 90 to 1 00 m above  the flooring, 
— an intermediate  rail at half  height, 
— a toe-guard  0 10 m in height, 
or any  other  arrangement  which  gives  at least  equivalent  protection. 
2.2.4.4.  In the case  of perforated  plates,  gratings  or any  other  items  which  do not form  a continuous 
surface,  the perforations  or apertures  shall  not admit  a sphere  20 mm  in diameter  and  in no case 
shall  their  area  be greater  than  400  mm2. 
3. Operator's  position  and  control  devices 
3.1. The  operator's  position  shall  be so designed  and  installed  as to ensure  easy  and  safe  control  of 
the crane.  In addition,  the driver's  view  over  the crane's  field  of action  shall  not be obstructed  by 
any part  of the crane  irrespective  of its position. 
3.2. The  force  necessary  to move  a handle  or control  lever  shall  not exceed  100  N; that  required  to 
move  a pedal  shall  not exceed  200  N. 
3.3.1.  The  position  and  design  of the control  devices  shall  be such  that  they  can be easily  operated  and 
that neither  the crane  nor  the load  can  be set in motion  by inadvertent  action. 
3.3.2.  The  motion  shall  stop  automatically  as soon  as the control  device  is released. 
3.4. Every  device  for controlling  the crane  or the load  shall  bear  conspicuous  markings  to indicate 
the nature  and  direction  of the movement  it controls. 
3.5.1.  When  control  levers  of the ball-and-socket  or universal  joint  type  are used  the movements  of the 
crane  shall  conform  to the following  lever  movements: 
movement  of  the crane  direction  of lever  movement 
— hoisting,  luffing  in, inward  movement  of the —  towards  the operator  (lever  backwards), 
crab  or jib if the latter  is capable  of moving 
horizontally, 
— lowering  of the  load,  lowering  of the  jib,  —  away  from  the operator  (lever  forwards), 
outward  movement  of the crab  or jib if the 
latter  is capable  of moving  horizontally, 
— slewing  to the right,  —  lever  to the right, 
— slewing  to the left.  —  lever  to the left. 
No C 25/16 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 29. 1. 79 
3.5.2.  For  wheel  control  devices  the movements  of the crane  shall  conform  to the following  wheel 
movements: 
movement  of  the crane  direction  of wheel  movement 
— hoisting,  luffing  in, slewing  right,  inward  —  rotation  clockwise, 
movement  of the crab  or jib if the latter  is 
capable  of moving  horizontally, 
— lowering  of the  load,  luffing  out,  slewing  —  rotation  anti-clockwise. 
left, outward  movement  of the crab  or jib if 
the latter  is capable  of moving  horizontally. 
3.6. All  essential  and  necessary  information  regarding  the safe  use of the crane  in normal  service  and 
the precautions  to be taken  if there  is a likelihood  of high  winds  or storm  conditions  shall  be 
displayed  conspicuously,  legibly  and  indelibly,  in the national  language  or languages,  at the 
operator's  position  and  at other  appropriate  points  on the crane. 
3.7. A  box  shall  be provided  on every  crane  for the storage  of documents  relating  to the safety  of the 
crane. 
4. Protection  of transmission  mechanisms 
4.1. All  transmission  parts  such  as drives,  projecting  axle  ends,  wheels,  belt-drives,  chains  and 
couplings  which  constitute  a risk  during  normal  operation,  maintenance  or adjustment  shall  be 
adequately  protected. 
4.2. Gearing  which  constitutes  a hazard  shall  have  a rigid  protective  guard. 
4.3. Rail  wheels  which  constitute  a hazard  shall  be fitted  with  a protective  device. 
5. Locking  devices  for drives  and  couplings 
Dog clutches  and  reverse  gearings  which  are  likely  to constitute  a hazard  in the event  of 
tripping,  release  or sudden  reversing  shall  have  an efficient  locking  device. 
6. Protection  against  falling  objects 
6.1. Overhanging  components  (whether  moving  or not)  or removable  parts  such  as gears,  pulleys, 
brake  pulleys,  brake  counterweights,  covers,  lids  and boxes  shall  be assembled  and  fixed  in such 
a way  as to prevent  their  accidental  displacement  if such  movement  constitutes  a hazard. 
6.2. Lids  and  cupboard  doors  shall  be fitted  with  hinges  or other  devices  which  prevent  their 
accidental  displacement  and  a locking  device  to maintain  the lids  and  cupboards  in the open 
position. 
7. Transmission  mechanisms  and  brakes 
7.1. Every  tower  crane  shall  be equipped  during  all its operations  with  effective  brakes  (or any  other 
equivalent  device)  which  are appropriate  for use and  are capable  of stopping  and  maintaining  in 
the stopped  position  the movements  of the crane  and  its heaviest  loads,  including  test  loads. 
7.2. If  the appliance  is fitted  with  a mechanism  for raising  and  lowering  the hook,  the operation  of 
which  allows  passage  through  a neutral  position,  a device  shall  automatically  immobilize  the 
movement  before  reaching  the  neutral  position  and  maintain  it immobilized  during  the 
operation.  Furthermore,  the  configuration  of the  kinematic  chain  shall  be such  that  the 
continuity  of the transmission  between  the immobilization  device  and  the winding  drum  cannot 
be interrupted. 
29. 1. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 25/17 
7.3. The  hoist  winches  shall  be so designed  and  constructed  that  during  normal  operation  any 
uncontrolled  descent  of the load  is impossible. 
It shall  not be possible,  during  any  operation,  to lower  the load  using  the brake  only. 
7.4. Hoist  winches  shall  be so designed  that  under  the maximum  permissible  load  the lowering  speed 
specified  by the manufacturer  shall  not be exceeded  by more  than  10%. 
7.5. The  release  of the control  device  shall  cause  automatic  application  of the brakes  or equivalent 
devices  for hoisting,  luffing,  travelling  or movement  of the crab  or jib. The  brakes  or equivalent 
devices  shall  remain  locked  on in the stopped  position.  Movements  shall  be stopped  in such  a 
way that  the crane  is not subjected  to any  dangerous  stresses. 
7.6. Brakes  shall  comply  with  the following  requirements: 
7.6.1.  —  brakes  which  operate  automatically  shall  be so designed  and  constructed  that  manual 
intervention  from  the operator's  position  is not possible  during  braking; 
7.6.2.  —  be designed  and  constructed  in such  a manner  as to ensure  smooth  application,  without 
shock,  jerking  or excessive  deceleration; 
7.6.3.  —  be capable  of adjustment; 
7.6.4.  —  be adequately  protected  against  bad  weather,  dust  and  ingress  of water  or oil; 
7.6.5.  —  be so constructed  that  essential  components  for the correct  functioning  of the brakes,  such 
as counterweights,  drum  winches  or springs  cannot  be accidentally  displaced  or detached; 
7.6.6.  —  where  springs  are used  they  shall  function  only  in compression. 
7.7. The  correct  functioning  of the brakes  or equivalent  devices  shall  not be influenced  by the failure 
of the power  supply.  Any  failure  shall  bring  about  the application  of the brake(s)  and  bring  to a 
stop the related  movement(s). 
7.8. The  provisions  laid  down  in the foregoing  points  are not  applicable  to devices  provided  and 
designed  to maintain  the crane  in a fixed  position. 
8. Wire-ropes  and  chains 
This  paragraph  does  not cover  'standing  wire-ropes'. 
8.1. Wire-ropes  for use with  cranes  shall  be made  of steel. 
8.2. Steel  wire-ropes  which  are wound  on winding  drums  or pass  over  pulleys  shall  be made  up of at 
least  114  wires.  They  shall  not have  more  than  one  fibre  core. 
8.3. Each  steel  wire-rope  shall  be in a single  length  and  shall  not  be spliced  except  at the  end 
terminations.  Eye  splices  shall  be made  with  at least  three  tucks  with  a whole  strand  of the rope, 
and two  tucks  with  one  half  of the wires  cut out  of each  strand.  This  requirement  shall  not 
prevent  the use  of another  type  of manual  or mechanical  splice  which  can  be shown  to be of 
equal  or greater  efficiency. 
8.4. Under  static  conditions,  the load  on the wire-rope  shall  not exceed  one-fifth  of the minimum 
breaking  load  as guaranteed  by the manufacturer. 
8.5. The  crane  manufacturer  shall  show,  by calculation,  that  the ratio  between  the effective  breaking 
load of the new  rope  and  the maximum  force  induced  in the rope,  at the hoist  winch  position,  is 
not less  than  3 55. 
8.6. The  wire-ropes  of trolley  winches  shall  have  a minimum  breaking  load  guaranteed  by the rope 
manufacturer,  which  shall  be at least  equal  to 4 5 times  the maximum  force  induced  in the rope 
by the  traction  motion  in the  most  unfavourable  conditions  (wind,  starting,  stopping, 
centrifugal  force,  etc.). 
The nominal  diameter  shall  not be less  than  6 mm. 
No C 25/18 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 29. 1. 79 
8.7. The  length  of wire-rope  on a winding  drum  shall  be such  that  in all possible  working  conditions 
at least  two  complete  turns  remain  on the drum. 
8.8. Chains,  rings  and  accessories  which  constitute  integral  parts  of the crane  shall: 
— be made  of steel, 
— not  be subjected  to a static  load  greater  than  one-fifth  of their  breaking  load  when  new. 
9. Lifting  hooks 
9.1. Lifting  hooks  shall  be made  from  a type  of steel  which  does  not deteriorate  with  age. 
9.2. Lifting  hooks  under  a test load  equal  to twice  the maximum  permissible  load  shall  not show  any 
sign of permanent  deformation. 
9.3. Lifting  hooks  shall  be of a pattern  or type  which  will  not allow  the accidental  unhooking  of the 
loads. 
Their  design  shall  be such  that  any  accidental  engagement  with  surrounding  objects  during 
lifting  operations  is avoided. 
10. Winding  drums  and  pulleys 
10.1.  Wire-rope  drums  of winches  for lifting  or luffing,  for travelling  of the trolley  or the horizontal 
movement  of the jib shall: 
10.1.1.  —  be of the  grooved  type.  The  radius  and  the  pitch  of the  grooves  shall  be suited  to the 
diameter  of the wire-rope  so as to ensure  correct  winding  of the wire-rope  on the drum.  The 
metal  shall  be of sufficient  hardness  to prevent  indentation  by the rope  and  the grooves  shall 
have  smooth  machine  surfaces; 
10.1.2.  —  be fitted  with  a flange  at each  end  unless  other  effective  and  permanent  precautions  are 
taken  to prevent  the rope  inadvertently  leaving  the drum.  The  flanges  shall  project  at least 
two rope  diameters  beyond  the level  of the last  layer  of wound  rope; 
10.1.3.  —  be fitted  with  a device  to allow  the wire-rope  to be secured  on the drum  without  damage. 
This  device  shall  be easily  accessible  for inspection; 
10.1.4.  —  be of a diameter  measured  at the bottom  of the groove  at least  equal  to 20 times  the nominal 
diameter  of the wire-rope. 
10.2.  The  wire-rope  shall  wind  on the drum  in close  and  regular  turns. 
10.3.  Each  rope  pulley  shall: 
10.3.1.  —  have  a device  which  prevents  the wire-rope  becoming  displaced  from  its groove; 
10.3.2.  —  be of a nominal  diameter  measured  at the bottom  of the groove  at least  equal  to 22 times  the 
diameter  of the wire-rope; 
10.3.3.  —  have  a groove  which  is suited  to the diameter  of the wire-rope. 
10.4.  Wire-rope  winch  drives  employed  for travelling  the jib trolley  or moving  the jib horizontally 
shall  not be dependent  on friction  traction  with  the exception  of cranes  of which  the maximum 
permissible  load  does  not exceed  10 kN,  or when  the crane  can  lift its maximum  load  at any 
radius. 
11. Safety  devices 
11.1.  Each  mechanical  motion  of a tower  crane  shall  be fitted  with  operational  limiting  devices. 
11.2.  These  devices  shall  cause  the  mechanism  to stop  when  the  following  extreme  permissible 
positions  have  been  reached: 
11.2.1.  —  the  highest  and  lowest  position  of the lifting  hook; 
29. 1. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 25/19 
11.2.2.  —  the  extreme  permissible  operating  positions  of the jib if a luffing  movement  is part  of normal 
working  operations; 
11.2.3.  —  the  positions  at the end  of the trolley  track  on the jib. For  cranes  having  a trolley  speed  of 
not more  than  25 m/min  and  a maximum  load  of less  than  10 kN,  no end-of-travel  limiter 
for the trolley  is required  if friction  drive  is employed; 
11.2.4.  —  the  end  positions  of horizontally  telescoping  jibs; 
11.2.5.  —  the  positions  at the ends  of the tracks  for rail-mounted  travelling  tower  cranes. 
(If a crane  is equipped  with  a means  for movement,  end-of-travel  devices  shall  be placed  on 
the crane  chassis.) 
11.3.  The  functioning  of the devices  mentioned  above  shall  not prevent  movement  in the opposite 
direction  after  stopping  and  application  of the brakes. 
11.4.  Cranes  shall  be provided  with: 
11.4.1.  —  a maximum  rated  load  limiter  regulated  closely  to the rated  load; 
11.4.2.  —  an overturning  moment  limiter  when  the rated  load  varies  with  the radius. 
This  limiter  shall  be regulated  closely  to the rated  load  at the appropriate  radii. 
11.4.3.  In  every  case  the limiters  shall  act to prevent  the lifting  of a load  which  is at most  equal  to 
110  times  the rated  load,  the load  being  lifted  under  normal  conditions  of use. 
11.4.4.  The  action  of these  devices  shall  cause  braking  and  stopping  of the following  motions: 
— lifting, 
— increase  in load  radius  tending  to increase  the load  moment, 
— slewing, 
— travelling. 
11.4.5.  Movements  of: 
— lowering, 
— decrease  in load  radius  tending  to reduce  the load  moment  shall  be obtainable  by using  the 
normal  control  devices. 
11.4.6.  For  slewing  and  travel  movements  the crane  driver  shall  be in a position  voluntarily  to cancel, 
after  the movement  has  stopped,  the action  of the devices  which  caused  these  movements  to 
stop. 
12. Indicators  and  instruction  plates 
12.1.  When  its radius  multiplied  by the maximum  load  is greater  than  600  kNrri,  or the height  under  \ 
the hook  is greater  than  25 m, the crane  shall  have  an instrument  panel  located  in the cabin 
which  indicates  the following: 
— moment, 
— radius, 
— load. 
These  indicators  shall  be such  that  they  can  be easily  and  simultaneously  read  by the operator 
and are within  the operator's  field  of vision. 
12.2.  Other  cranes  which  are not  equipped  with  the abovementioned  indicators  shall  be equipped 
with  radius  markers  (plates,  range-poles,  etc.)  with  the  indication  of the  corresponding 
maximum  permissible  load. 
No C 25/20 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 29. 1. 79 
These  indicators  shall  be clearly  visible  from  any  operating  position. 
12.3.  The  crane  shall  be fitted  with  (a) sound  signalling  device(s)  of a distinctive  tone. 
The sound  of this/these  device(s)  shall  be clearly  audible  within  the working  area  of the crane. 
The device(s)  shall  be actuated  from  the operator's  position. 
12.4.  For  cranes  higher  than  25 m, connections  for an intercommunication  system  shall  be provided 
in the cabin  and  in the lower  part  of the crane. 
12.5.  Wind,  loading  device 
12.5.1.  The  crane  shall  be fitted  with  a device  for turning  the jib in relation  to the wind  direction.  The 
control  system  of this  device  shall  be easily  accessible  and easily  manageable  from  the operator's 
position. 
12.5.2.  The  crane  shall  also  be capable  of being  fitted  with  a device  for turning  the jib in relation  to the 
wind  direction  that  can  be operated  and  managed  from  an easily  accessible  and  clearly  marked 
ground  position.  It shall  not  be possible,  however,  to use  this  device  when  the circuit  which 
allows  the crane  movements  to be controlled  from  the operator's  position  is open. 
12.5.3.  The  operator  shall  be able  at any  time  to take  over  control  of the slewing  motion  from  his 
position. 
12.6.  For  cranes  with  a horizontal  jib resilient  buffer  stops  shall  be provided  at the trolley  travel  limit 
positions. 
12.7.  A  crane  with  a crab  or with  a jib and  counterweight  travelling  horizontally  shall  be equipped 
with  a device  to stop  the crab  or jib and  counterweight  in the event  of breakage  of a traversing 
cable. 
12.8.  In  the vicinity  of each  wheel,  or of each  group  of wheels  of a railmounted  crane,  there  shall  be a 
rail guard  to remove  foreign  objects  from  the rail,  and  a device  which  will  prevent  the crane 
from  tipping  should  a wheel  or an axle  break.  These  two  functions  may  be combined  in one 
device. 
The distance  between  the lowest  part  of each  device  and  the top face  of the track  rail  shall  not 
exceed  20 mm. 
12.9.  Every  crane  travelling  on tracks  shall  be equipped  with  devices  designed  to prevent  displacement 
of the crane  under  maximum  wind  conditions  as defined  in the design  rules.  Furthermore,  it 
shall  be possible  to equip  the crane  with  devices  to immobilize  it in maximum  wind  conditions 
as defined  in the design  rules  when  it is not in service. 
13. Electrical  equipment 
13.1.  General  provisions 
The special  provisions  of this  chapter  relating  to the installation  and  constituent  parts  of the 
electrical  equipment  equally  apply  to: 
— the  crane's  flexible  power  supply  cable, 
— the  cable-winding  gear, 
— the  sectioning,  isolating  and  cut-off  control  devices  on the crane  itself  and  any  other  devices 
downstream  of the winding  gear. 
Items  of electrical  equipment  shall: 
(a) satisfy  the  requirements  of Directive  73/23/EEC  of 19  January  1973  (low-voltage 
Directive)  I1); 
(b) in the absence  of harmonized  standards,  conform  to the IEC  or EEC  (electricity)  safety 
specifications  published  in the Official  Journal  of the European  Communities  pursuant  to 
the low-voltage  Directive  (*); 
(c) in the absence  of harmonized  standards  as indicated  in (a) or where  the safety  requirements 
referred  to in (b) have  not been  published,  satisfy  the safety  requirements  laid  down  under 
the national  standards  of the country  where  the crane  is delivered. 
(1) Harmonized  documents:  see page  21. 
29. 1. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 25/21 
Harmonized  CENELEC  documents: 
HD 308  Identification  and  use  of cables  for voltages  not  exceeding  the limit  of LV  2 (1 000  V ac, 
1 500  V dc; see HD  193). 
Identification  of the outer  conductors  of cables  for voltages  not exceeding  the limit  of LV 2 
(1 000  V ac, I 500  V dc; see HD  193). 
Identification  and  use  of cables  for voltages  not exceeding  the limit  of LV 2. 
HD 246-1  Diagrams,  charts,  tables  - Part  1: definitions  and  classification. 
HD 246-2  Idem  — Part  2: component  identification. 
HD 365  Classification  of the degree  of protection  given  by the casings. 
International  Electrotechnical  Commission  publications  (IEC): 
IEC 364  (under  consideration  by CENELEC  TC/64). 
Current  carrying  capacities  of conductors. 
Raceways  overcurrent  protection. 
Protective  measures  against  direct  contact. 
Protective  measures  against  indirect  contact. 
38 (1967)  IEC  normal  voltages. 
117 Recommended  descriptive  symbols. 
144 Degree  of protection  for the casings  of low-voltage  fittings. 
158(1970)Low-voltage  control  fittings  for industrial  use,  Part  1: Contactors. 
255 Electrical  relays. 
337 Auxiliary  controls  (low-voltage  control  connecting  devices  for control  and  auxiliary  circuits 
having  auxiliary  contactors). 
408(1972)  Outdoor  low-voltage  switches,  outdoor  low-voltage  disconnecting  switches  incorporating 
low-voltage  fuses. 
As regards  the choice  of lines  supplying  drive  units,  the main  criteria  to be taken  into  consideration  are 
bad weather,  dust  and  mechanical  hazards. 
The supply  voltage  value  should  correspond  to one  of the  standard  European  values  listed  in IEC 
publication  No 38. 
The direct  current  mean  value  or the alternating  current  rms  value  of the voltage  between  conductors  or 
between  conductor  and  earth  shall  not  exceed  250  volts  in the case  of safety,  lighting,  signalling  and 
measuring  control  systems  and  circuits. 
The use  of movable  metal  control  boxes  for low-voltage  supply  is permitted  provided  they  conform  to 
Class  2 as defined  in Document  IEC  529. 
The insulation  resistance  between  conductors  and  between  conductor  and  earth  shall  exceed  1 000  ohms 
per volt  and  shall  not be less  than  500  000  ohms  in the case  of electric  power  circuits  and  the circuits  of 
electrical  appliances  used  for safety,  control,  lighting,  signalling  and  measuring  purposes.  The  above 
values  do not  apply  to electronic  circuits. 
The neutral  conductor  and  the protective  conductor  shall  be kept  separate  at all times. 
13.2.  Lines  - conductors  — cables 
Conductors  and  cables  shall  have  the  properties  described  in publications  HD  21, HD  22, 
HD 359  and  HD  360. 
No C 25/22 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 29. 1. 79 
13.2.1.  Flexible  connecting  cables  to the crane  shall  be of the series  H 07 R N F Uo/U  = 450/750. 
13.2.2.  Flexible  conductors  placed  on the crane  shall  be of the series  H 07 V K Uo/U  = 450/750. 
13.2.3.  Rigid  conductors  placed  on the crane  shall  be chosen  from  the series  H 07 VU - H 07 VR. 
13.2.4.  Bare  wires  and  conductors  shall  be used  only  for wiring  inside  the boxes. 
13.2.5.  Only  flexible  conductors  and  cables  shall  be used  outside  the boxes. 
13.2.6.  Protection  shall  be provided  for  flexible  conductors  and  cables  secured  to structural 
components,  where  there  exists  a risk  of mechanical  damage. 
13.2.7.  In  the case  of circuits  supplied  with  a nominal  voltage  not exceeding  50 V between  conductors 
or between  conductor  and  earth,  cables  of nominal  voltage  Uo/U  = 300/500  volts  may  be used. 
13.2 -. Flexible  cables  on the crane  shall  not have  PVC  sheathing  or insulation. 
13.3.  Method  of installation  - connection  and  distribution  equipment 
13.3.1.  Low-voltage  connection  and  distribution  equipment  shall,  as a minimum,  offer  IP 54 degrees  of 
protection  stipulated  in HD  365. 
13.3.2.  The  casing  containing  the starting  resistors  need  not  be of this  type,  but in that  case  shall  be 
designed  in such  a way  as to prevent  the insertion  of fingers  and  arranged  so that  as little  dust 
and rain  water  as possible  are allowed  to accumulate  (minimum  degree  of protection  IP 23 as 
defined  in document  HD  365). 
13.3.3.  The  necessary  instructions  shall  be supplied  in respect  of the electrical  installations,  so as to 
facilitate  understanding  of the system. 
13.3.4.  Steps  shall  be taken  to ensure  that  staff  carrying  out normal  maintenance  have  easy  access  to 
connection  and  distribution  equipment.  To this  end,  a minimum  horizontal  clearance  of 0 60 m 
shall  be provided  between  the front  of the equipment  and  the nearest  obstacle.  The  minimum 
vertical  clearance  shall  be 2 m above  the level  of the platform. 
13.3.5.  Connections,  connecting  terminals  and  connectors  shall  be housed  in cabinets  or boxes. 
13.3.6.  Connecting  terminals  the accidental  operation  of which  could  cause  operational  hazards  shall 
be kept  clearly  apart,  unless  they  are designed  in such  a way  as to exclude  this  risk. 
13.3.7.  In  order  to ensure  continued  mechanical  protection,  the protective  sheaths  of the conductors 
and cables  shall  penetrate  into  the boxes  housing  the switches  and  equipment  or the sheath  shall 
terminate  in a suitable  gland. 
13.3.8.  Conductors  relating  to the  control  of different  motions  shall  not  be enclosed  in a common 
conduit.  On the other  hand,  cables  relating  to the control  of different  motions  may  be enclosed 
in a common  conduit  and  may  have  a common  entry  into  cases  and  boxes. 
13.3.9.  This  provision  does  not apply  to control,  signalling  and  measuring  conductors,  irrespective  of 
whether  they  are routed  alongside  the corresponding  main  conductors  or not. 
13.3.10.  Where  conductors  with  circuits  of different  voltages  are routed  along  the same  line  or cable,  all 
the conductors  or cables  shall  be equipped  with  the insulation  specified  for the highest  voltage. 
13.3.11.  Plug-in  equipment  and  appliances  shall  be designed  and  constructed  in such  a way  that,  where 
tools  are not required  for the purposes  of insertion  and  removal,  it is impossible  to reverse  the 
connections. 
29. 1. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 25/23 
13.4.  Cross-section  of the conductors 
13.4.1.  The  cross-section  shall  be determined  on the basis  of Doc.  IEC  364  (CENELEC  HD8). 
13.4.2.  The  minimum  cross-section  of the conductors  shall  be as follows: 
— 1 00 mm2  for  flexible  conduits,  for control,  signalling,  telephone  (or intercommunication) 
and measuring  conductors,  excluding  conductors  used  in electric  safety  circuits 
and any  measuring  conduits  relating  thereto; 
— 1-50  mm2  for  control,  signalling  and  measuring  conductors  in fixed  conduits  and  for 
electrical  safety  or measuring  equipment;  when  operating  safety  is positive 
(operating  at an inadequate  or zero  voltage)  the cross-section  may  be reduced  to 
1 mm2; 
— 1-50  mm2  for  the conduits  of electrical  safety  equipment  including  the measuring  conduits; 
— 1'50  mm2  for  conduits  between  parts  of the  fixed-installation  lighting  and  the 
corresponding  fuses; 
— 1-50  mm2  for  conduits  between  fixed-installation  motors  and  the corresponding  fuses. 
Account  shall  be taken  of the possibility  of using  the different  crane  motors 
simultaneously.  Furthermore,  this  cross-section  shall  be designed  in such  a way 
that intermittent  and  simultaneous  operation  of the different  crane  movements 
does  not cause  deterioration  of the conductors; 
— 1-50  mm2  for  all other  conductors. 
These  requirements  relating  to the minimum  diameter  for conductors  do not 
apply  to conductors  joining  electronic  components  in the same  circuit  when 
these  are  located  in the  same  box  and  are  adequately  protected  against 
inclement  weather  and  external  mechanical  hazards; 
— 0 -25 mm2  for  flexible  conductors  between  electronic  modules. 
13.5.  Isolators  and  circuit-breakers 
13.5.1.  The  crane's  electrical  equipment  shall  include  a device  which  acts  as an isolator  and  a device 
which  acts  as a circuit-breaker  or, alternatively,  a single  device  performing  both  functions. 
These  appliances,  which  shall  be multipolar,  shall  be easily  accessible. 
13.5.2.  Any  device  serving  solely  as an isolator  shall  not be capable  of being  operated  except  when  the 
circuit-breaker  is open.  In addition,  it shall  be possible  to lock  the device  mechanically  in the 
open  position.  Mechanical  locking,  by means  of keylocks  or padlocks,  of the equipment-box 
door  will  be regarded  as meeting  this  requirement  provided  the isolator  can  be operated  from 
inside  the box  only. 
13.5.3.  An  actuator  directly  linked  to the crane's  general  circuit-breaker  shall  be provided  in the control 
cabin.  It shall  not be possible  to put the crane  back  into  service  until  this  circuit-breaker  has 
been  unlocked  and  reset  ('). This  resetting  may  be carried  out from  the operator's  seat. 
13.5.4.  All  cabinets  containing  switchgear  shall  be fitted  with  a circuit-breaker  capable  of being  locked 
by mechanical  means  in the open  position,  if it is not housed  inside  the cabinet,  except  in the 
case where  each  cabinet  has  a door  switch  which  assures  the opening  of the circuit-breaking 
device.  The  door  switch  shall  not be capable  of resetting  the cut-out  device. 
13.5.5.  The  circuit-breaker  shall  have  a cut-off  capacity  corresponding  to category  AC 2', as defined  in 
IEC recommendation  No 158.1. 
(') In certain  cases  the manufacturer  may  specify  in the service  manual  the  checks  and  controls  to be carried  out  before 
the crane  is put  back  into  service. 
No C 25/24 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 29. 1. 79 
13.6.  Contactors 
13.6.1.  The  main  and intermediate  contactors  shall  belong  to the following  categories,  as defined  in IEC 
publication  No 158.1: 
— AC  2' in the case  of a contactor  for ac motors, 
— DC  2 in the case  of a dc contactor. 
13.7.  Protection  systems  for lines,  equipment  and  current  consumers 
Provision  shall  be made  to prevent  the electrical  equipment  or parts  of it from  being  damaged  as 
a result  of short-circuit,  overloading  or inadvertent  earthing. 
The following  conditions,  in particular,  shall  be complied  with: 
13.7.1.  At  the inlet  of the supply  system,  a protection  system  with  circuits  which  cut all the phase 
conductors  (J) shall  be provided  against  short  circuits. 
13.7.2.  Each  power  circuit  shall  be protected  on each  phase  conductor  (*) against  short  circuits, 
particularly  when  the shunt  circuit  involves  a change  in wire  cross-section.  This  protection  may 
be dispensed  with  subject  to the conditions  stipulated  in IEC  publication  364  (harmonization 
document  473). 
13.7.3.  Circuits  supplying  several  motors  relating  to the same  movement  can have  a common  protection 
system  against  short-circuits.  Sections  of motor-connection  conductors  shall  be of such 
dimensions  that  protection  against  short-circuits  is assured. 
13.7.4.  Whether  they  involve  circuit  breakers  with  fuses,  other  circuit  breakers  or relays,  the protection 
systems  shall  be such  as to ensure  cut-out  of all the phase  conductors  (1). In the case  of a fuse 
protective  system,  the cut-out  shall  be assured  by means  of a protective  device  which  prevents 
monophased  operation. 
13.7.5.  Infrequent  stop-start  motors  with  a power  greater  than  1 kW and frequent  stop-start  motors  of 
a power  greater  than  15 kW shall  be protected  against  overloading. 
13.7.6.  An  overload  detection  system  shall  be provided  on each  phase  conductor  (x). This  detection 
system  shall  cause  cutting  of all phase  conductors.  (Doc.  IEC  364). 
13.7.7.  For  infrequent  stop-start  motors  with  a power  not greater  than  1 kW and  frequent  stop-start 
motors  with  a power  not greater  than  15 kW,  protection  against  short-circuits  may  be provided. 
13.7.8.  For  frequent  stop-start  motors  with  a power  greater  than  15 kW,  protection  against  overload 
shall  include  an overcurrent  detection  system  involving  heat-sensitive  devices  incorporated  in 
the windings  of each  motor.  This  detection  system  shall  cut all phase  conductors  (1). 
13.7.9.  After  a protection  device  has functioned,  it shall  be reset  manually;  this  provision  does  not 
apply  to the heat-sensitive  devices. 
13.7.10.  The  electro-magnets  of the brakes  and the brake  motors  shall  have  the same  protection  system 
against  short  circuits  as the motors  to which  they  belong  functionally  or shall  be protected 
independently  by a system  providing  equivalent  safety. 
13.7.11.  It is not obligatory  for the motors  of the electrical  cable  reels  to be individually  protected  when 
specially  designed  for this work. 
(*) Cutting  of phase  conductors  for alternating  current  and  the cutting  of positive  and  negative  conductors  for direct 
current  respectively. 
29. 1. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 25/25 
13.7.12.  Protective  systems  against  short  circuits  as defined  in paragraphs  13.7.10  and  13.7.11  may  be 
used  if the supply  lines  for the electromagnets  of the brakes,  the brake  motors  and  the winding 
drum  motors  are: 
(a) less.than  5 m long; 
(b) suitable  for the normal  load  on the equipment  and  the motors. 
13.7.13.  Electrical  equipment  for the crane  shall  be so designed  and  constructed  that  its operational 
safety  is not interrupted  by a significant  voltage  drop  or a no-voltage  situation  arising  in one  or 
several  active  conductors  of the  electrical  supply.  In particular,  the  development  of such 
incidents  in the electrical  supply  shall  in no case  cause: 
— the  inadvertent  start-up  of any  movement, 
— any  movement  being  obtained  contrary  to that  which  is desired, 
— any  movement  at uncontrolled  speed, 
— uncontrolled  descent  of the load, 
— the  breakdown  of a safety  system. 
13.8.  Control  and  signalling  circuits 
The design  and  the execution  of the control  and  signalling  circuits  shall  be such  as to ensure  the 
safety  of the staff  in all circumstances,  and  protect  the crane  effectively  against  the results  of 
equipment  malfunctions.  They  shall,  in particular,  fulfil  the requirements  set out below. 
13.8.1.  All  the control  and  signalling  circuits  shall  be supplied  by at least  one  transformer,  which  shall 
comprise  separated  windings  and  be connected  upstream  of the supply  circuit  breaker. 
13.8.2.  If  the  equipment  comprises  several  control  and  signalling  transformers  functioning 
simultaneously,  each  of these  transformers  shall  supply  the control  circuits  corresponding  to 
distinct  mechanical  components  as far as possible. 
13.8.3.  The  supply  conductors  for the control-circuit  transformers  shall  be provided  with  a fused  circuit 
breaker  or by devices  having  an equivalent  effect. 
13.8.4.  When  the  transformer  supplying  the control  circuits  is earthed  at one  end  of its secondary 
circuit,  the non-earthed  conductor  shall  be protected  against  short  circuits. 
When  the  control  circuits  are supplied  by means  of a transformer  none  of whose  secondary 
conductors  is directly  earthed,  it is necessary  to provide  for protection  against  short  circuits  on 
each  of the two  secondary  outlets. 
13.8.5.  The  accidental  earthing  of one  or more  points  in a control  circuit  shall  cause  neither  inadvertent 
start-up  nor  abnormal  operation  and  shall  not prevent  movements  from  being  stopped. 
13.8.6.  Such  defects  shall  not cause  a dangerous  increase  in the potential  of the earths. 
13.8.7.  The  failure  of a motor  or any  device  shall  automatically  bring  about  the stopping  of all the 
motors  and  auxiliary  devices  governing  the same  movements  which  could  jeopardize  safety 
were  these  to continue  in operation. 
13.8.8.  All  the  contactors  and  relays  controlling  mechanically-connected,  opposed  components  or 
counter-movements  shall  be protected  against  any  faulty  manoeuvre.  The  inverter  switches  that 
determine  the direction  of rotation  of the motors  shall  be so interlocked  that  a short  circuit 
cannot  occur  during  a manoeuvre  in normal  operation. 
13.8.9.  Connection  of coils  and  contacts 
In control  circuits  with  one  side  earthed,  one  end  of the operating  coils  of the control  device 
shall  be connected  directly  to the earthed  side  of the control  circuits  and  all control  contacts 
shall  be inserted  between  coils  and  the other  side  of the control  circuit. 
No C 25/26 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 29. 1. 79 
The following  exception  to this  rule  is allowed: 
Contacts  of protective  relays  (for  example  overload  relays)  may  be connected  between  the 
earthed  side  and  the coils  provided  that  the conductors  between  such  contacts  and  the coils  of 
the control  devices  on which  the relay  contacts  operate  do not extend  beyond  a single  control 
enclosure  or compartment  (Document  HD  93.1). 
13.8.10.  These  requirements  are  not  applicable  to the  electronic  control  circuits  when  these  are  so 
designed  that  the occurrence  of a defect  does  not cause  an inadvertent  movement  of the crane 
or the failure  of a safety  device. 
13.8.11.  No  electrical  circuit  may  be connected  in parallel  with  the safety  contacts  with  the exception  of 
the circuits  for: 
— reversing  a movement, 
— exceeding  the  normal  working  travel  during  assembly  or maintenance  work  on the 
condition  that  connections  in parallel  can  only  be carried  out  by means  of a mechanical 
locking  device  in the open  position  during  normal  working, 
— unlocking  the direction  control  when  the crane  is not in operation, 
— changing  the pulley  blocks. 
13.8.12.  In the protection  systems,  the safety  contacts  shall  be of the mechanically  forced  type,  and  be 
actuated  with  as few  intermediate  components  as possible.  The  gap  shall  be at least  3 mm. 
13.8.13.  The  safety  contacts  shall  be so installed  that  they  retain  their  correct  setting  under  any 
operational  stress. 
13.8.14.  The  electrical  or electronic  protection  equipment  shall  be so designed  and  adapted  that  the 
occurrence  of a defect  cannot  cause  the operational  breakdown  of other  safety  systems. 
Remark 
If these  requirements  cannot  be met,  duplicating  and  cross-monitoring  (*) of the circuits  may  be 
provided. 
Protection  against  overspeed 
A safety  device  to prevent  overspeed  when  there  is simultaneous  two-phase  operation  in respect 
of lifting  and luffing  movements  shall  be installed. 
If a vertical  movement  is obtained  by means  of a motor  or a variable-torque  transmission, 
it shall  only  be possible  for the brake  to be released  when  the field  excitation  of the motor  is 
sufficient  to ensure  the proper  operation  of the motor  or of the transmission. 
With  regard  to the vertical  and  slewing  movements: 
(a) all  movements  actuated  by a generator  shall  be provided  with  a device  which  actuates  the 
brake  in the event  of the supply  from  the generator  being  cut off; 
(b) all  the  main  movements  actuated  by motors  or transmissions  having  an electronically 
regulated  supply  shall  be provided  with  a device  which  controls  the speed  and  rotational 
direction  and  is capable  of stopping,  if need  be, the movement  in progress  or selected. 
13.10.  Brake  or stopping  and  immobilizing  device 
13.10.1.  The  isolation  of a motor  or a torque  transmission  shall  cause  the brake  or equivalent  device  to 
be applied  and  shall  ensure  that  movement  ends  and  does  not recommence. 13.9. 
13.9.1. 
13.9.2. 
13.9.3. 
(') Cross-monitoring  means  that  if one  circuit  fails  the second  circuit  prevents  running  of the motor  before  the fault  has 
been  eliminated. 
29. 1. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 25/27 
13.10.2.  For  all movements  under  normal  working  conditions,  the brake  or equivalent  device  shall  not be 
capable  of being  released  until  the relevant  motor  is receiving  current.  This  does  not apply  to 
devices  for rotating  the crane. 
13.10.3.  In the case  of motors  supplied  with  variable  current  or by electronic  devices,  precautions  shall 
be taken  to prevent  the torque  developed  by the motor  from  reaching  a value  sufficient  to 
initiate  movement  before  the brake  is released. 
13.11.  Electric  motors 
Electric  motors  shall  have  at least  IPX 4 degree  of protection  unless  they  are otherwise  protected 
against  water. 
13.12.  Lighting,  heating  and  plug  and socket  equipment 
13.12.1.  The  power  supply  to these  items  of equipment  shall  be connected  upstream  of the crane  cut-out 
device  (as defined  in 13.5.1). 
13.12.2.  A control  device  cutting  all active  conductors  shall  be placed  at the power  supply  outlet. 
13.12.3.  Current  circuits  for lighting  and heating  shall  be fed by separate  transformers. 
13.13.  Electrical  continuity  between  masses  and metal  components 
13.13.1.  The  connection  of the metallic  masses  of electrical  components  shall  be assured  by means  of a 
protective  conductor  incorporated  in the power  supply  cables. 
13.13.2.  The  metallic  masses  and the structural  components  shall  be interconnected  in such  a way  that 
electrical  continuity  is ensured. 
The electrical  diagrams  and  plans  shall  be handed  over  to the user  with  the essential  data; 
reference  shall  be made  to IEC  publications  117,  113.1  and 113.2. 
The technical  documents  concerning  the electrical  equipment  shall  include  the following  items: 
equipment  diagrams, 
circuit  diagrams, 
diagrams  or tables  of the external  connections, 
operating  instructions, 
nomenclature  of the electrical  equipment, 
maintenance  instructions, 
list of the spare  parts  that  should  be kept  in stock. 
14. I.C.  engine 
14.1.  General  remarks 
14.1.1.  Failure  of the I.C. engines  shall  not impair  the operational  safety  of the crane. 
14.1.2.  In  particular,  the torque  resulting  from  the lowering  of a load  or the braking  of movements  shall 
not give  rise to an increase  of more  than  10%  in the rotation  speed  of the I.C.  engine. 
14.1.3.  I.C.  engines  and  their  accessories  shall  be so arranged  that  no risk  is incurred  (from  burns, 
fumes,  etc.)  during  maintenance  operations  or access  as a result  of their  positioning  within  the 
structure  of the crane. 
No C 25/28 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 29. 1. 79 
14.1.4.  All  moving  parts  shall  be protected  by a casing  or a robust  cover. 
14.1.5.  Belts 
1. The  use of flat and  round  belting  is prohibited. 
2. (a)  The  use of V-belts  is not permitted  for mechanisms  which  control  hoisting,  luffing  or 
crab  movements; 
(b) The  use of V-belts  is permitted  only  for such  purposes  as slewing,  crane  travel  and  crab 
movements,  pump  and  generator  drives. 
When  V-belts  are used  for these  purposes  the number  of V-belts  shall  be one more  than 
the calculated  number  required  for  the transmission  of the  driving  force.  The  belt 
tension  shall  be adjustable. 
The operation  of the brake  shall  not be effected  by a failure  of the belts.  Furthermore,  the 
functioning  of the brake  shall  comply  with  the requirements  in point  7.7. 
14.1.6.  The  engine  shall  be mounted  in such  a way  that  no harmful  vibrations  are transmitted  to the 
structure  of the crane. 
14.1.7.  The  I.C.  engine  shall  be equipped  with  a speed  governor,  and  any  abnormality  of operation  shall 
be indicated  in the control  cabin. 
14.1.8.  The  fuel  tank,  pipes  and  connections  shall  be protected  from  thermal  or mechanical  damage. 
The capacity  shall  be sufficient  for 10 hours'  operation. 
14.1.9.  Suppression  of radio-interference  of the engines  shall  be in conformity  with  the requirements  of 
Council  Directive  72/245/EEC  of 20 June  1972. 
14.1.10.  If more  than  one  I.C.  engine  is used  to drive  the same  machine,  the controls  of such  engines 
shall  be grouped  and  appropriately  marked. 
14.2.  Drive  motor:  either  an electric  generator  or a hydraulic  pump. 
The equipment  shall  be designed  in absolute  conformity  with  Chapter  13 for  electrical 
equipment. 
14.3.  Engine  exerting  direct  mechanical  action  on the movements 
— The  same  engine  may  drive  a number  of movements.  Such  movements  may  be produced 
simultaneously  or separately;  in all cases  the control  of movements  shall  be effective  both  in 
operation  and  at rest. 
— During  reversal  of movements,  there  shall  at no time  be any  interruption  of control  over  the 
load and  the movements  of the crane. 
15. Assembly 
In addition  to the  rules  given  below  on the  assembly  or dismantling  of cranes,  the  safety 
instructions  laid  down  by the manufacturer  shall  be observed. 
15.1.  These  rules  shall  include  all the necessary  information  relating  to: 
— the  construction  of tracks  or supports, 
— the  making  of ballast,  if required, 
— the  electricity  supply,  if required, 
— the  exact  procedure  for the assembly  of all components  and  the whole  crane, 
— the  method  of connecting  the various  components, 
— the  weight  of each  separate  package, 
— the  characteristics  of any  auxiliary  equipment  required, 
29. 1. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 25/29 
— the  method  of slinging  the components,  where  appropriate, 
— the  weather  conditions  under  which  the crane  may  be assembled. 
15.2.  During  all phases  of assembly  and  dismantling,  the stability  of the equipment  and  the strength 
of the components  shall  be ensured  in accordance  with  the design  rules. 
15.3.  The  following  assembly  operations  may  be distinguished: 
— assembly  of self-mounting  cranes, 
— assembly  of conventional  cranes  by mounting  each  component  separately  with  the aid of an 
auxiliary  device. 
In both  cases,  the assembly  mechanisms  - whether  hand-operated,  electric  or hydraulic  - shall 
be fitted  with  all the immobilization  and  safety  devices  necessary.  Any  mechanism  equipped 
with  an uncoupling  device  shall  be provided  with  a safety  arrangement  to guard  against  the free 
fall of any  component  during  assembly. 
15.4.  Wire-ropes,  lifting  hooks,  winding  drums  and  pulleys  used  only  for  assembly  purposes  and 
forming  part  of the crane  shall  comply  with  the requirements  specified  in chapters  8, 9 and  10. 
Points  8.4  and  8.5,  however,  need  not  be taken  into  account. 
For application  of point  10.1.4  the coefficient  shall  be 12 5 times  the rope  diameter  instead  of 
20 times  and  for  point  10.3.2  the  coefficient  shall  be 14 times  the  rope  diameter  instead  of 
22 times. 
15.5.  Instructions  relating  to assembly  and  maintenance 
The manufacturer  or the  supplier  shall  supply  with  each  crane  instructions  which  can  be 
understood  by the user.  These  instructions  shall  set out all the characteristics  of the crane,  its 
mechanisms  and  its rail  tracks.  They  shall  provide  all the  information  necessary  for the use, 
maintenance,  erection  and  dismantling  of these  items.  They  shall  indicate  the precautions  to be 
taken  in the event  of high  wind,  storm  and  extreme  cold. 
16. Instructions  to be fixed  on the  crane 
The crane  shall  have  a plate  which  is indelible  and  clearly  visible  giving  the  following 
information: 
16.1.  the  name  of the manufacturer  or the production  mark  and  if necessary  the name  of the supplier 
of the crane; 
16.2.  the  manufacturing  number, 
the year  of manufacture, 
indication  of the type; 
16.3.  the  maximum  permissible  loads  corresponding  to the various  operating  radii; 
16.4.  for  cranes  with  several  lifting  speeds,  the  maximum  permissible  lifting  speeds  with  the 
corresponding  maximum  permissible  loads; 
16.5.  mass  of all ballast. 
Addendum  to point  1.1 
Definition  of  the nominal  characteristics  of  tower  cranes 
The nominal  characteristics  of a tower  crane  are defined  as follows: 
Crane:  Type  M/P/N 
for which: 
M = the  torque  value  in relation  to the rotating  axis  in 10 kNm  at a span  A = 20 log M - 2. 
If the crane  can  support  jibs  with  a much  greater  or smaller  span  than  A with  different  M values, 
the type  will  not  change. 
No C 25/30 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 29. 1. 79 
P = maximum  capacity  in 10 kN  of the  crab  equipment  and  pulley  block  with  which  the  M value  is 
obtained. 
N = capacity  in kW  of the  driving  engine  of the  hoisting  mechanism. 
No lower  or upper  limit  is given  for  these  values. 
Examples: 
1. Type  40/3,  5/16 
Crane  of 1333  daN 
35 kN 
16 kW 
2. Type  2000/92/125 
Crane  of 31 200  daN 
3. Type  160/11/48 
Crane  of 3800  daN 920 kN 
125 kW 
110 kN 
48 kW at 30 m with  jib equal  to or slightly  greater  than  30 m 
maximum  load 
at the hoisting  engine. 
at 64 m with  jib equal  to or slightly  greater  than  64 m. 
maximum  load 
at the hoisting  engine. 
at 42 m with  jib equal  to or slightly  greater  than  42 m. 
maximum  load 
at the hoisting  engine. 
Proposal  for a Council  Directive  on the approximation  of the laws  of the Member  States 
relating  to the operating  space,  access  to the driving  position  (entry  and  exit  facilities),  and  to 
the doors  and  windows  of wheeled  agricultural  or forestry  tractors 
(.Submitted  by the Commission  to the Council  on 11 December  1978) 
THE  COUNCIL  OF  THE  EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES, 
Having  regard  to the Treaty  establishing  the European 
Economic  Community,  and  in particular  Article  100 
thereof, 
Having  regard  to the proposal  from  the Commission, 
Having  regard  to  the  opinion  of  the  European 
Parliament, 
Having  regard  to the opinion  of the Economic  and Social 
Committee, 
Whereas  the technical  requirements  with  which  tractors 
must  comply  pursuant  to national  legislation  covers, 
amongst  other  things,  the operating  space,  access  to the 
driving  position  (entry  and  exit  facilities),  as well  as 
doors  and  windows; 
Whereas  these  requirements  differ  from  one  Member 
State  to another;  whereas  the same  requirements  should 
be adopted  in all Member  States,  either  in addition  to or 
in place  of existing  legislation,  with  a view  to the 
implementation,  for  each  type  of tractor,  of the  EEC 
type-approval  procedure  which  is the subject  of Council 
Directive  74/150/EEC  of 4 March  1974  on  the 
approximation  of the laws  of the Member  States  relating 
to the type-approval  of wheeled  agricultural  or forestry 
tractors  (a), as amended  by Directive  , 
(*) OJ  No  L 84, 28.  3. 1974,  p. 10. HAS  ADOPTED  THIS  DIRECTIVE: 
Article  1 
1. Tractor  (agricultural  or forestry)  means  any  motor 
vehicle,  fitted  with  wheels  or endless  tracks,  having  at 
least  two  axles,  the main  function  of which  lies  in its 
tractive  power  and  which  is specially  designed  to tow, 
push,  carry  or power  certain  tools,  machinery  or trailers 
intended  for  agricultural  or forestry  use.  It may  be 
equipped  to carry  a load  and  passengers. 
2. This  Directive  shall  apply  only  to tractors  defined 
in paragraph  1 above  which  are fitted  with  pneumatic 
tyres  and  which  have  two  axles  and  a maximum  design 
speed  of between  6 and  25 km/h  and  a fixed  or variable 
drive-axle  track  of 1 150  mm  or more. 
Article  2 
No Member  State  may  refuse  EEC  type-approval  or 
national  type-approval  of a tractor  or refuse  or prohibit 
the sale,  registration,  entry  into  service  or use of a tractor 
on grounds  relating  to: