19.2.87 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 41/5 
II 
(Preparatory Acts) 
COMMISSION 
Proposal for a Council Decision revising a research programme to be implemented by the Joint 
Research Centre for the European Atomic Energy Community and for the European Economic 
Community (1984-1987) 
COM(86) 416 final 
(Submitted by the Commission to the Council on 1 August 1986) 
(87/C 41/05) 
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European 
Atomic Energy Community, and in particular Article 7, 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European 
Economic Community, and in particular Article 235 
thereof (*), 
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, 
presented after consultation, with regard to nuclear 
projects, of the Scientific and Technical Committee, 
Having regard to the opinion of the European Par­
liament, 
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and 
Social Committee, 
Whereas, in the context of the common policy relating 
to the field of science and technology, the multiannual 
research programme is one of the principal means 
whereby the European Atomic Energy Community can 
contribute to the safety and development of nuclear 
energy and to the acquisition and dissemination of infor­
mation in the nuclear field; 
"Whereas Article 2 of the Treaty establishing the 
European Economic Community assigns to the 
Community inter alia the task of promoting throughout 
the Community a harmonious development of economic 
activities, a continuous and balanced expansion and 
increased stability, whereas the objectives of activities 
engaged in by the Community to this end are set out in 
Article 3 of the said Treaty; 
(') When the Single European Act enters into force, this legal 
basis 'Article 235' will have to be replaced by the new Article 
130 Q (1) of the EEC Treaty, introduced by the said Act. Whereas the non-nuclear projects provided for by this 
Decision appear necessary for the attainment of these 
objectives; 
Whereas on 14 January 1974 the Council adopted a 
resolution on the coordination of national policies and 
the definition of projects of interest to the Community in 
the field of science and technology (2); 
Whereas the programme was drawn up in accordance 
with the Council resolution of 17 December 1970, 
concerning the procedures for adopting research and 
training programmes (3); 
Whereas it is of advantage to define and embody the 
common science and technology strategy in multiannual 
framework programmes setting out the complete range 
of scientific and technical activities being carried out or 
due to be carried out on the basis of the Euratom and 
EEC Treaties whereas this advantage was confirmed by 
the Council in its resolution of 25 July 1983 on 
framework programmes for Community research, 
development and demonstration activities, and a first 
framework programme 1984 to 1987 (4); 
Whereas the Joint Research Centre (JRC) should be 
fully integrated in the actions of this framework 
programme and must continue to play a central role in 
the Community's research strategy and to carry out 
work of common interest; 
Whereas Article 3 of Council Decisions 77/488/EEC, 
Euratom (s), 80/317/EEC, Euratom (6) and 84/1/EEC, 
Euratom (7), provides for a review of the programme 
during its third year, 
O OJNoC7, 29. 1. 1974, p. 2. 
O OJ No L 16, 20. 1. 1971, p. 13. 
(4) OJ No C 208, 4. 8. 1983, p. 1. 
(*) OJ No L 200, 8. 8. 1977, p. 4. 
'(*) OJ No L 72, 18. 3. 1980, p. 11. 
O OJNoL3, 5. 1. 1984, p. 21. 
No C 41/6 Official Journal of the European Communities 19.2.87 
HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS: 
Article 1 
The research programme 1984-1987, as defined in the 
Annex A of Council Decision 84/1/EEC, Euratom, of 
22 December 1983 (*) complemented by Council 
Decision 85/373/Euratom of 25 July 1985 (2), is 
replaced for the year 1987 by a revised programme as set 
out in Annex A of the present Decision. 
Article 2 
In view of the Decisions already adopted by the Council 
as part of the budgetary procedure, the expenditure commitment estimated as necessary for the execution of 
the revised programme is increased for the year 1987 by 
33 million ECU for expenditures other than those on 
staff. 
An indicative breakdown of the expenditure commitment 
for the revised multiannual programme is given in Annex 
B. 
Article 3 
Before proposing the next multiannual programme of the 
JRC, the Commission shall communicate to the Council 
and to the European Parliament the conclusions of an 
examination of the future role of the JRC, carried out by 
a high-level Panel. 
O OJ No L 3, 5. 1. 1984, p. 21. 
O OJ No L 210, 7. 8. 1985, p. 28. 
19.2.87 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 41/7 
ANNEX A 
JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE 
RESEARCH PROGRAMME FOR THE YEAR 1987 
(last year of the quadriannual programme 1984-1987, revised by the present Decision) 
The following modifications are introduced in the programme adopted with the Decisions 84/1/EEC, Euratom 
of 22 December 1983 and 85/373/Euratom of 25 July 1985: 
RESEARCH ACTION PROGRAMME INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES 
Materials and structures: reliability and standards 
(Extending the programme 'High-temperature materials') 
— high-temperature structural alloys, 
— advanced engineering ceramics, 
— high-temperature materials data bank and information centre, 
— methods for assessment of reliability in materials and structures. 
RESEARCH ACTION PROGRAMME FISSION 
Reactor safety 
— reliability and risk assessment, 
— integrity of components and systems in light-water reactors, 
— study of abnormal behaviour in core-cooling systems in light-water reactors, 
— containment studies, 
— source term, 
— modelling of accident situations in fast breeder reactors. 
RESEARCH ACTION PROGRAMME NON-NUCLEAR ENERGY SOURCES 
Reference methods for non-nuclear energy systems 
(Replacing the programmes 'Techniques for solar energy tests' and 'Management of energy in dwellings') 
— photovoltaic energy systems, 
— non-polluting energy systems. 
RESEARCH ACTION PROGRAMME ENVIRONMENT 
Environmental protection 
— environmental chemicals, 
— atmospheric pollution, 
— water quality, 
— chemical waste. 
Application of remote-sensing techniques 
— land monitoring and management, 
— protection of the marine environment, 
— agriculture. 
Radiation evaluation and monitoring 
The other programmes are not modified 
The new level of resources for the various programmes is reported in the Annex B. 
No C 41/8 Official Journal of the European Communities 19. 2. 87 
ANNEX B 
REVISED 1984-1987 PROGRAMME OF THE JRC 
Indicative breakdown of resources 
(Appropriations in miliions of ECU) 
> 
Programmes 
Industrial technologies 
— Nuclear measurements and reference ma­
terials 
— Materials & structures: reliability & stan­
dards (high-temperature materials) 
Total 
Fusion 
— Fusion technology and safety 
Total 
Fission 
— Reactor safety 
— Management of radioactive waste 
— Safeguarding and management of fissile 
materials 
— Nuclear fuels and actinides research 
Total 
Non-nuclear energy sources 
— Reference methods for non-nuclear energy 
systems 
Total 
Environment 
— Environmental protection 
— Application of remote-sensing techniques 
— Industrial hazards 
— Radiation evaluation and monitoring 
Total 
Activities of scientific departments 
— Exploitation of the HFR (complementary 
programme) 
Total 
Total programme (1984 to 1987) Approved programme 
Decisions 
84/1/EEC — 
85/373/Euratom 
64 
28 
92 
59 
,59 
192 
49 
45 
66 
352 
39 
39 
49 
29 
21 
99 
59 
59 
700-Including 
Budgetary 
Decisions (l) 
71,8 
35,0 
106,8 
65,3 
65,3 
203,2 
53,5 
49,3 
69,8 
375,8 
41,0 
41,0 
56,8 
33,8 
22,1 
1,7 
114,4 
62,1 
62,1 
765,4 Supplementary 
credits for 
operations 
2,7 
2,3 
5,0 
3,5 
3,5 
5,3 
3,2 
2,6 
4,0 
15,1 
1,0 
1,0 
1,7 
0,6 
0,1 
0,7 
3,1 
5,1 
5,1 
32,8 Revised 
programme 
74,5 
37,3 
111,8 
68,8 
68,8 
208,5 
56,7 
51,9 
73,8 
390,9 
42,0 
42,0 
58,5 
34,4 
22,2 
2,4 
117,5 
67,2 
67,2 
798,2 
(') As well as the re-allocation of staff as proposed by the programme revision. 
19.2. 87 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 41/9 
ANNEX 1 
TECHNICAL CONTENT OF THE PROGRAMME IN THE TRANSITION PERIOD 
This Annex describes the manner in which the Joint Research Centre's programmes will be adapted in view 
of the transition period. The system of clasifying these activities under five Research Action Programmes 
(RAPs) and the complementary programme on the high flux reactor in Petten — as set out in the Council 
Decision of December 1983 — will be maintained. 
1. Industrial technologies 
Further emphasis will be placed on the programmes on nuclear reference materials and reference 
measurements and materials and structures, through enlarging the sphere of activity in support of fusion 
research and by means of increased activity in the areas of pre-normative research respectively. 
The laboratories in the Petten and Ispra establishments will collaborate closely on the materials and 
structures programme, and a contribution from the Karlsruhe establishment is anticipated at a later stage. It 
is likewise envisaged that the methods for materials development and analysis, originally developed for 
nuclear technologies, will be adapted to the area of non-nuclear materials. 
Close collaboration will continue between the laboratories in Geel and the BCR. 
In this way, the recommendations of various advisory bodies are largely heeded and by means of close 
contact with industry at different levels, a proper execution of the programme can be achieved. 
1.1. Nuclear reference materials and reference measurements 
The revised programme on nuclear reference measurements stresses, in particular, the following activities: 
— measurement of standard-neutron data 
— determination of the neutron emission cross-sections for use in fusion technology (NET) 
— investigations into neutron data for nuclear fission which was described in an OECD priority list, and 
the analysis of which is constantly requested by the advisory bodies (CGC, Evaluation Panel). 
An important project in the sphere of nuclear metrology is the development of a plastic calorimeter for the 
measurement of neutron dose with absorption properties which resemble those of human tissue. 
The research project on reference materials is pursuing, and furthermore promoting, a Community 
programme for measurement and evaluation of nuclear analytical data on a European level. Moreover, 
efforts are being further concentrated on the exact determination of the atomic weight of silicon in 
connection with cooperative attempts for a more precise determination of the Avogadro number. 
Finally, the activities of the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) will be supported on a wider scale. 
The 'LOLERM' project (low-level radioactivity reference materials) is temporarily suspended. A new 
approach in this area is, however, being considered in the light of the Chernobyl accident. 
1.2. Materials and structures 
As far as this programme is concerned, on the one hand the work begun in Petten on the high-temperature 
materials alloys and high performance ceramics will be continued, and on the other hand, methods are to 
be developed in Ispra by means of which the suitability and lifetime of selected materials for a specific 
technical application can be tested. 
In order to guarantee an optimal application of these methods, close contact with national and inter­
national research institutions must be sought. The work is aimed at supporting industrial technologies and 
contributing towards industrial competitiveness. 
No C 41/10 Official Journal of the European Communities 19.2.87 
By their application high-temperature structural alloys are subject to the combined effect of chemical 
(corrosive), mechanical and thermal stress. The studies currently being carried out in Petten should 
increase understanding of the behaviour of these alloys and of the damage mechanisms to which they are 
exposed in industrial use. With improved knowledge and with the aid of appropriate analytical models, a 
catalogue of properties can be drawn up to serve as a basis for the selection of materials for design of plant 
components, and which makes it possible to forecast their life expectancy and reliability. This project 
provides a contribution in particular to the petrochemical and energy-producing industries. 
The objectives are similar for the projects dealing with advanced structural ceramics, though in this case 
the development will be directed towards new manufacturing technologies. 
Methods developed in the JRC-Karlsruhe for nuclear-ceramics will also be applied for material character­
ization, and the analysis of mechanical, thermodynamic and transport properties. 
Both projects, on high-temperature alloys, and high-temperature ceramics, will be carried out under multi­
lateral and international collaboration, such as COST (for alloys) IEA (for ceramics), as well as BRITE, 
EURAM, VAMAS and EUREKA (for both areas). 
A third project concerns the collection, assessment and supply of data on high-temperature materials. The 
data bank in Petten will continue operation and be accessible to interested parties from all Community 
countries. The services of the Information Centre on High-Temperature Materials can be called upon on a 
Europe-wide basis for information. 
The transition programme envisages: 
— The collection, assessment and distribution of materials data, for industrial requirements, for the 
development of norms and for the application of advanced materials. 
— The setting-up of a forum for exchange of information and know-how in the area of HTM in Europe, 
and for promoting Community activities. 
— An analysis of the industrial requirements for norms and standards in the area of advanced and newly 
developed materials. 
The contribution of the Ispra Establishment to the materials and structures programme will concentrate, in 
the present programme situation, on two activities: the development of methods for reliability assessment of 
plant components and materials, and the design of a community facility (reaction wall) for testing response 
of large and complex structural and mechanical systems under significant static and dynamic loads to 
improve design criteria and construction codes, 
The reliability analysis concerns, above all, steel structures which are employed in the chemical, the petro­
chemical and energy-producing industries. 
Non-destructive test procedures for failure detection will thus be developed and mathematical models will 
be designed which will enable forecasts as to the life expectancy of a machine part or a plant component 
under given stress factors. 
Suggestions as to procedures for standards will be collected, on the one hand by comparing the suitability 
of various techniques (acoustic emission, laser-holography, ultra-sonic and thermal techniques and modern 
methods for the microstructural analysis and for the examination of physical properties), and on the other 
hand by the intercomparison between different laboratories of procedures (round robin tests) and of results ' 
for the same techniques (benchmark exercises). 
In 1987 a survey on new materials will be concluded and evaluated. This survey, in collaboration with 
national laboratories and industries, as well as with research programmes such as BRITE, EURAM, 
VAMAS, should establish the need for methods for the characterization and reliability assessment of new 
materials for advanced technologies (for example aeronautics). The results of the tests allow the necessary 
metrological equipment to be made available, or, if possible, the conversion of existing installations. 
19.2.87 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 41/11 
The plans for a reaction wall will be accompanied by tasks which relate to the selection of the research 
projects and to the fixing of priorities. The continuing study on this facility will be conducted in close 
collaboration with national experts, with the aim of designing a true Community facility. 
The inclusion of national experts in this project is planned, and moreover, an institutional structure must be 
created under the shared-cost actions, for the building and use of such installations. 
The contribution of the Ispra and Petten establishments to the materials and structures programme 
concerns, above all, the application of scientific and technical methods for the support of national and 
international institutes in providing specifications, norms and the definition of standards for assessing the 
possibilities for application and the safety of industrial products. These 'prenormative' activities are looked 
upon as the pace-setting phase of the standardization procedure. As an example, the work on the 
mechanical behaviour of tubular elements contributes to a BRITE project aiming at the up-grading of B.S., 
DIN and other relevant codes. 
2. Thermonuclear fusion 
As in the past, the Ispra establishment will contribute to the European Fusion Research Programme, but 
will orient its contribution more towards problems of safety, which is illustrated by the high priority placed 
on the construction and equipping of the tritium laboratory. 
In the field of reactor studies, JRC will continue to support the NET-team at Garching on aspects related 
to the mechanical configuration, remote maintenance and design of components (plasma facing 
components and breeding blanket). 
The experimental activity on breeding blanket technology will be focused, as in past years, on the 
completion of the data base on 17Li83Pb, the liquid tritium breeder taken as the reference for NET-
studies. Contribution from Ispra and Petten will deal with compatibility problems with steel and tritium 
recovery (out-of-pile and in-pile experiments). 
The structural materials studies will deal with the measurement of the mechanical properties under 
irradiation of low activation Mn-Cr steels. As in the past, the irradiations will be performed in the Ispra 
Mc-40 cyclotron and in the Petten HFR. The investigations on thermal fatigue of NET first wall panels 
will be undertaken by exploiting a facility now in advanced construction at Ispra. 
The risk assessment studies will include theoretical analyses of first wall and blanket accidents (loss-of-
coolant) and of experiments on plasma-wall disruption simulation and 17Li83Pb/water interaction. For 
these two experiments a new electron gun and a large scale facility, available by the end of 1986, will be 
used. The analysis of the atmospheric diffusion of tritium in the environment will be pursued. 
The activities in the tritium laboratory will, in collaboration with contractors from European industry, 
concentrate on detailed design. Furthermore, information, which must be presented to the Italian safety 
authorities in order to obtain an operating licence, will be made available so that construction can begin 
before the end of 1987. The preparation of the activities to be carried out in the laboratory will be 
continued. Simulation experiments with hydrogen and deuterium shall be executed, and the tritium rework 
technique will be tested. 
3. Safety of nuclear fission 
In the area of reactor safety research, priorities must be examined in the light of the considerations 
resulting from the Chernobyl accident, and, should the need arise, new priorities should be set. Without 
prejudging the results of the detailed analysis which has still to take place, it is to be anticipated that 
greater attention be paid to the problems concerning severe accidents in which the core melts and to the 
limitation of the consequences thereof. Moreover, efforts will be increased in the sphere of development of 
probabilistic techniques for risk evaluation. The tasks entrusted to the JRC — collection and assessment of 
data on reactor incidents — acquire a special significance in this connection. 
On the other hand, activities in the area of sodium thermohydraulics for fast-breeder reactors will be 
drawn to a close in the near future. 
Research into the safety of the nuclear fuel cycle will, on the whole, be continued with a slight increase in 
scope, with the exception of studies into the sub-sea-bed disposal of radioactive waste. A new installation 
in Ispra — PERLA — will shortly become operational for the activities concerning the safeguarding of 
fissile materials. Work on radioactive waste will be concentrated around a recently completed experimental 
facility, (PETRA) to be exploited in association with national laboratories. 
l^oC^Bn^ COrrlci^]oLrrn^otdh^Eu^^^ r^,^.^ 
^1. ^o^c^r^r^ 
The programme will includes!^ activities which are^ 
— reliability and risk assessment, 
— integrity o^ components and systems in light^water reactors, 
— study o^ abnormal behaviour in core^cooling systems in light^water reactors, 
— containment studies, 
— source term, 
— modelling o^ accident situations in t^ast^breeder reactors. 
^ome important elements ^or the transition programme are listed below^ 
^s tar as the studies into reliability and risk evalutation are concerned, emphasis will be placed on a 
systematic analysis o^ the data already stored in the A^^^^U^ data base.Theyear!987 will see the 
compilation o^ guidelines ^or the application ot techniques ^or probabilistic risk^ana^ysis.tn support o^ this 
action, several study groups will participate in a community benchmark exercise on severe accident 
analysis. 
The activities on the evaluation o^ the lit^e^spano^ components otlight^water reactor primary^svstems will 
be continued, asaresulto^ which the importance o^ component safety l^or the prevention o^ accidents will 
be better appreciated. 
The results o^the LCOr^l testprogramme on the analysis o^the consequences o^ailure in the cooling 
system o^light^water reactors will be compared with the forecasts o^ mathematical models which are being 
developed ^or large systems under conditions ot coolant loss, and particular transient stress. 
l^ew studies on sourceterm problems will be directed by Ispra, carried out inl987ascostshared actions. 
Morder to analyse the results,the team o^ analysts in Ispra will be reinforced in preparation l^or an integral 
test programme as suggested by one ot^ the member states. 
The programme on investigation into austenitic steel will be brought toaclosein!987,andaprogramme 
on concrete t^or safety containment will be prepared in its place. This will be included in apro^ect on 
containment studies to be conducted inclose collaboration with institutions in the member countries. 
The sa^etyanalysiso^astbreeder reactors concentrates on severe accidentsinwbichlocaland complete 
core failure will be considered. 
The ^A^Oo ^d ^r^^ r^inpile^ proiects will continue in 1987 as originally foreseen, ^ork on the 
development ot^ European Occident erodes ^A^ will be completed, and the analysis ot^ local ^sub 
assemble tailurewillbegiven more attention. 
The test programmeonsodiumthermohvdraulicswillbeterminated. moreover, theresearch area liquid 
metal ^ast^breeder reactor materials properties and structural behaviour will also be terminated. The present 
programme on evaluation o^avibrating table was already brought to an end in 198^.Mthe transition year, 
plans will be made tor a reinforcement ot the analytical work atthel^oO^ through a reduction o^the 
activities on large thermohydraulic system codes. 
The overall work will continue in close collaboration with national research centres, utilities and regulatory 
bodies whowillbenetittrom the results tobe obtained. The collaborative ettons with industry willbe 
emphasised by continuation ot^ the shared^cost activities initiated in 198^. 
The previous structure ot^ the proiect will be maintained in 1987^ the sphere o^ activity on waste 
management and the nuclear Aiel cycle consists o^, along with radiochemical studies and actinide 
measurements, the settingupo^ the ^T^A installation.The safety aspects o^ storing radioactive waste in 
continental geological formations will be examined. 
The transitiontowards anewprogrammewillbepreparedin 1987. tnthisrespect,problemsconcerning 
characterisation and duality control are to be considered. 
curing the course o^l987,ther^TIOA installation will begin its^cold^operations.Mthis connection, the 
nuclear test phase willcome to anend by the endo^ the year.COneo^theusergroups,established at the 
suggestion o^ the competent eo^aS, will schedule the tests to be carried out, ^nd will encourage the 
exchange o^int^ormation between interested parties.ThepiOO^^arlsruhewillcollaboratemore actively on 
the programme, and will provide contributions to the characterisation o^ waste, and duality control. 
19.2.87 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 41/13 
The cooperation on the project on storage of sub-sea-bed waste disposal will be reduced, and wound up in 
1988. 
3.3. Safeguards and fissile material management 
This programme will further develop techniques and instrumentation for the assay of fissile materials, and 
its containment and surveillance in nuclear installations. It will also deal with the processing, transmission 
and evaluation of data relevant to safeguards, and will study integrated methods for control of the flow of 
fissile materials through the various stages of the nuclear fuel cycle. 
The setting up of the calibration and training laboratory PERLA in Ispra, which should be completed in 
1987 shall be given priority. Emphasis shall also be placed on the systematic development of integrated 
systems for containment and surveillance of the storage of nuclear materials. Finally, special attention will 
be given to the development of data bases for accountancy declarations of fissile materials and their 
exploitation using decision support systems. 
3.4. Nuclear fuels and actinide research 
An essential part of the programme carried out in the JRC-Karlsruhe, the contribution to the development 
of nuclear fuels, to the safety of the actinide cycle, and to basic actinide research will be continued. In this 
respect, and in view of the next multiannual programme, some shift of emphasis is planned: 
In the area of analysis of the behaviour at high temperature of reactor materials, greater consideration will 
be given to the problem of 'post accident heat removal' (PAHR). The aerosol studies, previously limited to 
active particles shall be extended to other nuclear and non-nuclear aerosols such as the application of 
purification aerosols. In the area of development of nuclear fuels, the advisory bodies recommend the 
inclusion of fast-breeder nuclear fuels in the transient-programme, and to examine more closely the special 
problems of nuclear fuels, such as that which arises upon the recycling of plutonium in light-water reactors. 
Building on the many years of experience gained in the area of nuclear fuels analysis, certain prospective 
studies are to examine the possibilities of laser application for the treatment of materials and for the 
preparation of high-purity materials samples (isotopes) as calibration substances for basic research on 
actinides (and where possible for nuclear medecine). 
As described in points 3.1 and 3.2 the JRC-Karlsruhe shall be more involved in the future in the materials 
research programme and the radioactive waste disposal programme. 
4. Non-nuclear energies 
This programme is to be completely restructured. The programme energy management in habitat and the 
testing of solar energy systems will be replaced by a programme on reference methods for non-nuclear 
energies, whereby the mission of the JRC for the development of norms and standards will be emphasized. 
The new programme encompasses two projects: 
The first concerns development and trials of test methods for photovoltaic convenors in the European 
Solar Testing Installation (ESTI), in which area the characterization of advanced photovoltaic materials 
(amorphous silicon) is moving into the foreground. The second project on non-polluting thermal energy 
systems is concerned with the testing of active solar systems and passive solar test methodologies. This is 
done in concertation with and coordination of national activities. 
5. Environment 
As in the past, the programme encompasses protection of the environment; the development and the 
application of remote-sensing techniques; the identification of industrial risks and the problems of radiation 
protection. In 1987 the publicly accessible ECDIN data bank on substances potentially toxic to the 
environment, shall be transferred to the competent service of the Commission, whilst the JRC shall remain 
responsible for the supply of data. 
5.1. Protection of the environment 
The most important developments for 1987 in comparison with the original programme are the inclusion of 
an activity on chemical waste, and increased activities on modelling and on the effects of pollution in the 
environment on man, and the ecosystem. 
In the light of experience during the first three years of the programme it is proposed to reclassify the 
ongoing research activities in four categories: 'environmental chemicals', 'atmospheric pollution', 'water 
quality' and 'chemical waste', (this last being based on activities previously carried out within the 'industrial 
hazards' programme). 
No C 41/14 Official Journal of the European Communities 19.2.87 
Environmental chemicals and their potential danger will be described and evaluated in ECDIN (Environ­
mental Chemicals Data Information Network). The data, including those on substances in the lists I and II 
in the Directive 76/464/EEC, are publicly accessible. Atmospheric pollution in enclosed spaces, and its 
effect on human beings gains significance as a research project and is studied within the framework of a 
JRC-led COST action. Research on trace metals and their consequences on health and the biosphere will 
be continued. 
In the context of harmful substances in the atmosphere, acid deposition constitutes one of the foremost 
research areas, whilst the analysis of photochemical effects will be considered in more detail with emphasis 
on its effect on plants. Mathematical models should prove helpful in gaining a better understanding of the 
transport of pollutants in the atmosphere, as well as of the problem of mass balance for which the 
Community measurement actions provide field data. 
Important contributions are envisaged both to the COST 611 Action (physico-chemical behaviour of 
atmospheric pollutants) and to the EUREKA project EUROTRAC. 
In the central laboratory for atmospheric pollution further work will be carried out by means of 
suggestions for harmonization of analytical techniques, thresholds for sulphur dioxide and suspended par­
ticulates, in accordance with the Council Decision. 
Analyses of water quality will be concentrated on the distribution of trace metals and their possible harmful 
effects on the environment in hydrous ecological systems. 
A further research project (that was previously carried out in the context of harmful industrial substances) 
deals with the distribution and possible metamorphosis of harmful chemical waste, its management and its 
effect on the environment, in the sense of the Council Decision 78/319/EEC on toxic waste products. 
5.2. Radiation measurements and evaluation of risk from radiation 
This is a new action which, within the meaning of Chapter III of the Euratom Treaty, and in the light of 
the Chernobyl disaster, aims at creating or improving the scientific tools for further Commission activities 
in the area of radiation protection. The action may lead to a programme in the next multiannual exercise. 
In particular, the following are envisaged: 
— examination of the possibilities of collecting all information on environmental characteristics and the 
biological effect of radio-nuclides in one data base, 
— the analysis of the capability, on a European scale, of mathematical models to calculate the distribution 
of radio-nuclides which are released from a nuclear facility (under normal operating conditions, or in 
the case of an accident) and to evaluate the resulting collective dose for the population, 
— as a complement to the shared-cost programme 'radiation protection', there will be an activity for 
gathering and assessing the data obtained from environmental monitoring of the Ispra site. The new 
programme will include work on calibration of measurement methods for air sampling, and campaigns 
for intercomparison of results. 
5.3. Remote sensing 
For this programme, 1987 will constitute a transition towards the new projects structure and objectives to 
be implemented in the subsequent multiannual programme. The main evolutions will be as follows: 
Concerning microwave remote sensing, preparatory studies for a future project on the application of 
synthetic aperture radar (SAR) will be undertaken. An important effort will be devoted to the handling and 
application of the data obtained from the 1986 AGRISAR campaign. 
The current project on coastal transport of sea pollution will be brought to such a stage that a significant 
reorientation might be decided at the end of 1987. A method for mapping bio-physical parameters 
connected with sea pollution and a mathematical circulation/diffusion model for the description and 
prediction of pollution pathways should become available. During the second half of the year, the 
prototype of laser-fluorosensor developed for detecting and analysing oil slicks at sea will be ready for 
in-field testing. Studies as to whether this technique may be used equally to detect and identify chemical 
pollutants at sea will take place, in view of an eventual expansion of the programme in this area. 
19.2.87 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 41 /15 
Concerning marine productivity, the present exploratory activity using test sites in typical upwelling zones 
of the Atlantic coast of Morocco will be enlarged with the view of setting-up a specific project in the 1988 
to 1991 programme. 
In 1987, the action plan common to the Directorate-General for Agriculture, the SOEC and the JRC for 
the integration of remote sensing in a European information system for agriculture will be launched. The 
initial actions will be executed under contract and concern the development of a land use inventory 
methodology and the demonstration of crop yield indicators based on remotely sensed data. 
The project on natural disasters, actually limited to a feasibility study, will be discontinued. 
Furthermore, the JRC will undertake to specify in detail, together with the Directorates-General 
concerned, the actions to be taken to implement the recommendations given in the recent report of the 
study group (study group set up by the DG XII-JRC to advise on the development of remote-sensing 
applications and led by Mr Roy Gibson), in particular concerning the CORINE Programme and marine 
pollution. 
5.4. Industrial hazards 
The JRC's activities in this area will be carried out in close cooperation with the Directorate-General for 
the Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear Safety. Since this is an area in which the JRC is 
particularly specialized in respect of risk assessment and risk management, it can therefore fall back on its 
competences which have been developed for problems in reactor safety. 
As a result of the groundwork carried out in 1984 and 1985, and on the basis of discussions with 
representatives from industry and the safety authorities, the new JRC Programme will deal with two 
aspects of industrial safety: accident prevention, and damage limitation. 
The activities on accident prevention include trials of models for risk analysis, which will partly be carried 
out in collaboration with other research groups, which should therefore serve in the harmonization of 
methods to be used. Furthermore, in this connection, research projects of other institutions (EuReDatA — 
European Reliability Databank Association — and ESRA — European Safety and Reliability Association) 
shall be coordinated and data obtained in various research programmes shall be exchanged. At the same 
time, appropriate activities will be coordinated with those of the shared-cost action on major technological 
hazards. 
The activities on accident mitigation and control shall concentrate on experimental and theoretical studies 
of the so-called runaway reactions, that is, processes which, once out of control, increase the damage effect 
rapidly. The studies foreseen encompass kinetic and thermodynamic aspects; the carrying out of modelling 
tests, and the analysis of the effectiveness of relief systems. 
The project on chemical waste materials, previously dealt with under industrial hazards, will be added to 
the environment protection programme in 1987; the development of techniques for non-destructive testing 
of materials will be continued under the programme industrial technologies. 
6. Exploitation of the high flux reactor 
This complementary programme will, in accordance with the plans discussed in the competent committees 
and advisory boards, be continued in 1987. 
As a result of the reconstruction undertaken between 1984 and 1986, a high-performance, modern instal­
lation, eminently suited to the testing of materials, and as an intensive neutron source, is now available. 
The principal areas of application are, as in the past: 
— technologically oriented research in the sphere of nuclear fuels development for nuclear fission reactors, 
and the analysis of the behaviour of structural materials under stress, 
No C 41/16 Official Journal of the European Communities 19.2.87 
— material experiments for fusion reactors, 
— hard-core physical experiments, 
—' application of neutron radiation for the testing of material structures, 
— production of radio isotopes for medical, industrial and scientific use, 
— activation analysis. 
ANNEX 2 
Impact on small and medium-sized entreprises (SMEs) 
1. The execution of the planned programme for 1987 will have direct and indirect impacts in several ways 
on small and medium-sized entreprises, where these are defined to the firms with a staff of less than 100 
and 500 persons respectively. 
2. The direct impact falls into two categories: 
(i) benefits which SMEs derive from the programme execution, 
(ii) circumstances where the JRC acts as a customer of SMEs. 
The indirect benefits are those which SMEs (alongside other entreprises, national research bodies, regu­
latory bodies, etc.) derive from JRC results reported in the technical literature, at public seminars and 
conferences and to national authorities through the regular reporting of JRC work and results and 
through the sectorial Advisory Committees for Management and Coordination. 
3. With regard to the direct benefits for SMEs, firms in this category are regular users of JRC activities on 
the collection, assessment and dissemination of knowledge such as, for example: 
— the high-temperature materials data base in Petten, 
— the Ispra data base ECDIN, on chemical toxicological substances (now in commercial operation at 
an outside firm). 
SMEs are users of test facilities in the JRC including the solar test facility in Ispra which also gives rise 
to further development of the methods applied. 
Likewise, as in the past, in 1987 SMEs will be engaged in collaborative efforts with the JRC 
establishments on instrument developments for use in several programmes, development of new 
methodologies including information transport and handling techniques (safeguards systems, remote-
sensing techniques, etc). It is characteristic that new scientific disciplines for the use of programmes have 
often been developed in collaboration with SMEs (artificial intelligence as an example). Moreover, most 
projects on valorization of JRC research results are conducted with SMEs. This will continue in 1987. 
A final spin-off from JRC research results has been the stimulation it has given to the setting-up of new 
SMEs in the field of high technology. There are particular recent examples of this stemming from the 
programme on JRC application of remote sensing from space techniques. 
4. The preliminary draft budget for 1987 estimates that of the expenses other than staff some 29 million 
ECU will be used for the operations of the general administration and infrastructure. 
This amount covers the services necessary for the operations of the four establishments (supplies of 
energy, transport, upkeep of buildings and technical installations, general service facilities etc). It is 
estimated that around a third of the funds will be spent on contracts with SMEs. A further 12 million 
ECU are estimated for scientific-technical support functions of which a substantial share is likewise 
foreseen for expenditure on contracts with SMEs. The same applies to the 36 million ECU set aside for 
expenditures relevant to execution of the direct programme including the HFR reactor in Petten. In this 
connection the greater part of the fabrication of the disposable devices used in irradiations is carried out 
by SMEs and considerable recourse is made to local workshops by all the JRC establishments for 
construction of scientific equipment, specimen preparation etc.