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COM (82)819
Vol.1982/0248

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COMMISSION OFTHE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(82)819 final
Brussels »10December 1982
MEMORANDUM
onthe implementation ofaniron andsteel research programme ,
with aview toobtaining financial aid under
Article 55(2)(c)ofthe ECSC Treaty
(submitted tothe Council bythe Commission )
A# A\Tâ\
V-" .'·'ι ,·/
C0MC82 )819 final

MEMORANDUM
onthe implementation ofaniron and steel
research programme ,with aview toobtaining
financial aid under Article 55 (2)(c)of
the ESCS Treaty
I-INTRODUCTION
This memorandum consists of11projects that will form thefirst part ofthe
ECSC programme ofresearch and development oniron and steel for 1983 for
which aid under Article 55,2(c)ofthe ECSC Treaty isrequested .After de­
tailed examination ofthese proposals bythe services ofthe Commission in
collaboration with the Iron and Steel Technical Research Committee ,they
have been selected asfirst priority fortheinclusion inthe programme .
Intheevaluation ofthe proposals ,priority has been given tothose that
correspond most closely tothecriteria outlined onthe medium term orient­
ation forsteel research (1981-1985 )(*) and which have thefollowing over­
all objectives :
-toimprove industrial competitiveness byreducing production costs and
improving the product and
-topromote steel asanengineering andstructural material through studies
ofthe service properties andutilisation ofsteel .
Thetechnical scope ofthis first .part ofthe programme for 1983 isconfined
tothe areas ofironmaking intheblast furnace ,measurements andanalysis
and constructional steels .
Inthe research onblast furnaces ,further support isproposed oncoal inject­
iontechniques aimed ateliminating the need forfuel-oil injection and lower­
ingthe coke rate,thereby reducing operating costs .Inthefield ofmeasure­
ments andanalysis ,the main themes deal with the hot surface inspection and
repair ofcast andsemi-finished products andthe development ofmore advanced
chemical analytical techniques needed formonitoring andcontrolling various
stages ofiron andsteel production .Finally ,theprojects inthefield of
constructional steels are aimed atthe achievement ofsuperior mechanical pro­
perties ofrolled products byoptimising alloy composition and thermo-mechani­
calhistory andthe improvement intheservice performance ofsteel components
forautomobile applications .
Thefinancial aidfor the 11research proposals outlined below amounts toa
total of2.920.800 ECU.Tothis isadded 79.200 ECUforancillary costs and
dissemination ofinformation ,giving atotal financial commitment of3.000.000
ECU .
*
* *
 
(*)Official Journal C99,Vol.24,2May 1981

-2-
II.THE RESEARCH PROJECTS
II.1.ORE REDUCTION
(Blast Furnace )
Both oftheprojects described below pursue the aimofreplacing part ofthe
metallurgical coke with coal breeze ,which isinjected via the tuyeres .This
isapriority problem since for economical reasons most blast furnaces have
abandoned oil injection infavour ofall-coke operation .
P1377 :Metallurgical aspects ofpowdered coal injection inblast furnaces
This project isintended todetermine theratio inwhich coke can bereplaced
bycoal andtoinvestigate thegasification and combustion behaviour ofdif­
ferent types ofcoal .Thefollowing measurements will becarried out onthe
blast furnace :
-measurement oftransport parameters
-measurement ofheat loss atthe tuyeres
-observations using anendoscope
-measurement ofcombustion parameters
-sampling from thetuyere zone todetermine degree ofcombustion
-testing different pipe designs todetermine optimum blast /coal ratio .
There are also plans for laboratory testing ofthedifferent types ofcoal .
/
Applicant :IRSID -StGermain -en-Laye
Budget :795.000 ECU
Poss .duration :3years
P1428 :Blast furnace coal injection i
Theproject has twoobjectives :
a)injection ofcoal breeze (pneumatic )
b)injection ofcoal/water slurry
I
The following aretobestudied :
-The performance ofdifferent types ofpneumatic injection equipment . '
-Theeffect onablast furnace ofinjecting large quantities (100 kg/tcrude
iron).
-The maximum possible coal content ofcoal/water slurry for optimum mixture
pumpability andstability .
-Theeffect ofslurry onblast furnace performance .
-The combustibility ofcoal breeze andslurry .
The physical parameters aretobedescribed inamodel .

-3-
Thepreliminary research fordetermining combustion and Lance parameters (for
coal breeze andslurry )and thetesting ofthemetering devices aretobe
carried out onacombustion furnace and followed bytests ontheblast fui–
nace .
Applicant :B.S.C. -London
Budget : 445.000 ECU
Poss .duration : 2years
II.2.MECHANICAL WORKING
P1370 :Computer control ofauniversal beam mill
Theproject objective istoimprove output inbeam rolling bymeans ofcom­
puter control .
The mathematical model developed byIRSID under anearlier ECSC contract
(7210-EA /3/304)istobeadapted forcontrolling auniversal mill train ,with
-calculation ofoptimum pass sequence ;
-automatic control ofmil stands ;
-dynamic correction onevery pass .When agiven tolerance isexceeded the
correction istobemade automatically forthe next pass .
Applicant
Budget
Poss.durationARBED -Luxembourg
336.000 ECU
4years
II.3.MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS
Inthe manufacture ofiron and steel products there isareorganisation tak­
ingplace which isaimed atimproving processes andatrationalisation as
well asatthe widespread introduction ofcontinuous casting processes and
meeting the urgent necessity for areduction inenergy consumption perunit
ofmetal manufactured .Ifthequality concept ,which isbecoming more and
more ofacompetitive weapon inthe world steel market ,isadded ,itiseasy
toappreciate the importance which can beattached tonew methods ofanalysis
and examination for meeting the ever-changing and ever more demanding require­
ments andacceptability criteria inthefield .Itmust also beemphasized that
there isanincreasing tendency towards ,onthe one hand ,computer-assisted
equipment and/ormonitoring andanalysis facilities ,and ontheother hand to­
wards bringing industrial robotics into thecontrol ofnew plant .Theprojects
listed below have been devised with that inmind and tomeet the demand .
P1281 :Zeeman effect onbackground correction during atomic absorption spec­
trometry analysis
Metallurgical laboratories areill-equipped toface the impressive increase
inthe number ofrequests foranalysis oftrace elements .Flame atomic absorpt­
ionspectrophotometry iswell known andallthat isrequired istoadd anatom­
izer forthe method tobeapplicable totrace analysis .The aimoftheresearch
istostudy theapplicability ofZeeman-effect atomic absorption spectrophoto­
metry totheanalysis offerrous materials .This research will beclosely linked

-L-
with research projects 7210-GA /407 and7210-GD /401which arecurrently under
way .
Applicant :Creusot-Loi re-Firminy
Budget :135.500 ECU
Poss .duration : 2years
P1314 :System forinspection and reconditioning iron and steel products
Thr project has twomain aims :todevelop and construct anautomatic system
forinspecting thesurface condition ofiron andsteel products athigh tem­
perature andreconditioning inaccordance with theinformation transmitted
bythe inspection unit .The work will consist inlinking avisualization unit
selection ofwhich will bepart oftheresearch (TVcamera ,ultrasound device ,
photodiode networks ,Foucault current )toarobot having sufficient degrees
offreedom tobeable toinspect anysurface ofthetest piece from different
angles .Similarly ,thereconditioning unit ,which may beadeseaming torch for
example ,will bemounted onthe same support andarticulated soastobefree
tomove indifferent directions .
Applicant :CRM -Liège
Budget :498.000 ECU
Poss .duration : 3years
P1316 :Analysis ofelements invery small concentrations bycoupled furnace
and plasma torch spectrometry
Thepurpose oftheproject istoexamine the simultaneous determination of
trace elements invarious ferrous materials .This isthe logical application
oftheplasma torch from previous work subsidized bytheECSC .Simultaneous
determination oftrace elements (beryllium ,bismuth ,arsenic ,antimony ,tel­
lurium ,boron ,etc.)inthevarious iron and steel products isontheincrease .
CRMproposes toconnect upagraphite-lined furnace athigh temperature (2000°
to3000° )tovolatilize thetest piece and tointroduce thevapour (atomizat­
ion )into theplasma torch ofanI.C.P. (inductive coupling plasma )spectro­
meter .The initial phase ofthe project will bedevoted toestablishing the
experimental conditions best suited fortheanalysis ,andthen astart will
bemade ondirect analysis ofsolid materials .
Applicant :CRM -Liège ,
Budget :207.500 ECU
Poss .duration : 3years i
P1337 :On-Line thickness profile measurement ofhotwide strip
Development andconstruction ofadifferential thickness gauge fortheprofile
andflatness ofhot-rolled wide strip .Theprinciple applied tothat ofatten­
uation ofionizing radiation .The radioisotopes which itisintended touse
inthis work are Cs andAm241 .Theprinciple tobeused will bethesimul­
taneous measurement ofabout 5traces using point detectors ineach edge zone ,

-5-
anemitter placed ontheopposite side ofthestrip irradiating theentire
edge zone .This project should enable the European industry toavoid having
recourse toJapanese equipment (Toshiba X-ray gauge ).The work istobecar­
ried out incollaboration with the BSC atPort Talbot ,which has considerable
experience inindustrial gammametry .This research isconfined tomeasurement
ofthethickness profile ofthestrip asitemerges from therolls .
Applicant : Hoesch -Dortmund
Budget : 751.000 ECU
Poss .duration : 3years
P1391 :Optical inspection ofthe surface ofhot continuously cast semis
Theobjectives ofthis project are energy saving coupled with improved pro­
duct quality .Inspection ofthe surface ofhotsemi-finished products isthere
fore oneoftheessential conditions for hot charging ordirect rolling .In
previous research projects (agreements 7210-GA /304 and 7210-GB /301),IRSID de­
vised two methods fortheinspection ofhotiron andsteel products :
»
-Foucault current (fine defects and inclusions )
-Optical sensor (TVcamera )(extensive surface defects ).
Aspart ofthelatter study IRSID intends tocontinue the work undertaken dur­
ing theprevious projects ,making useoftheresults obtained there butdirect
ingitsefforts towards thedetection ofsurface defects ofthelongitudinal
crack type incontinuous casting products after descaling .
Setting upaseries ofdetectors onanindustrial installation .Development
ofdata processing topermit fully-automatic detection .
-Real time processing ofvisual information using aspecial numerical analy­
ser insitu .
-Testing ofdetection algorithms using anon-site minicomputer .
Applicant : IRSID -StGermain -en-Laye
Budget : 527.000 ECU
Poss .duration : 3years
P1408 :Integrated system ofchemical analysis tomonitor the continuous
casting ofAl-killed steel
Intheproduction oflow-carbon Al-killed steels ,toobtain continuous-cast !
slabs ofahigh quality itisessential tohave information onoxygen activity
and onthe content ofsoluble andinsoluble aluminium ateach stage ofthe pro
cess .Toachieve this the information onthe evolution ofboth the steel and

-6-
the slag must berelayed promptly tothemanufacturing control centres ,the
information must bereliable and thealgorithms used forprocessing itmust
betailored togive sufficiently accurate predictions and reduce asfar as
possible the input data required .This,generally speaking ,isthe aimofthe
project ,which isdesigned tobesplit upinto three activity sections .
Series ofdata gathering campaigns (intwo steelworks :OBM and LD).
a)Correlation between compositions ateach stage inthe process .
b)Establishment ofdata acqusition points orsampling points and frequency
ofdata collection ornumber ofsamples taken inroutine conditions .
c)Working outtechniques for measurement ,sampling ,preparation oftest
pieces and howbest touse them foranalysis purposes .
Applicant : CSM-Roma
Budget : 307.500 ECU
Poss .duration : 3years
II.4.SERVICE PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE
(Constructional Steels )
Research projects onthefatigue behaviour ofsteel components areofvital
importance both onsafety grounds (welded motor vehicle structures ,for exam­
ple)andfor reasons ofeconomy atthefabricating stage (energy savings ^op­
timization ofheat treatment andalloying elements ).The proposed projects
reflect these considerations .
P1397 :Present prospects for the development ofconstructional steels and
their treatment
Alongside the development ofthermomechani caItreatments for low-carbon low-
alloy steels ,theengineering industry will obviously always have aneed for
higher carbon steels ,generally low-alloy ,having excellent mechanical proper­
ties either throughout the cross section orontheproduct surface .The grow­
ingcosts ofconventional full heat treatment forengineering parts will in­
crease the pressure onsteelmakers tosupply pre-treated half-hard steel bars
already having the mechanical properties andstructures required forservice .
Apart from conventional quenching and tempering carried out onbars before
delivery ,accelerated cooling structures could beofinterest ifthetreatment
could becarried out inline and tempering omitted orreduced .Adegree ofex­
pertise incontinuous controlled cooling has now been acquired .Bycombining
this with in-line induction heating ,itispossible todevelop both properly
controlled complete fast thermal cycles that will enable better usetobemade
ofthe ends ofrolling stocks andalso economic compositions .The purpose of
the research istoinvestigate thepossibilities ofadapting the compositions
ofhard orhalf-hard steels andthetreatments available bycombining differ­
ent treatments intherolling line :

-7-
-Grain refining during rolling with controlled cooling before final work­
ing.
Bymeans ofrolling stopped atabout 750-700°C ,modification ofthe condi­
tions ofpearlite germination soastoobtain without difficulty fine non-
laminar pearlite ,which ismore ductile than coarse pearlite .
-Useofcontrolled cooling (flat jet orspray banks )ofproduct atrolling
heat tocontrol secondary structures (including possibilities ofprecipi­
tation hardening )andtheir gradients inthe bar section .
-Useofbrief induction tempering intherolling line toattenuate theef­
fects ofstructural gradients obtained during continuous quenching .
Applicant : IRSID -StGermam -en-Laye
Budget : 376.500 ECU
Poss .duration : 3years
P1416 :Use ofsteel inthe motor industry with the necessary characterist­
icsforfinite life design criteria
This programme forms the second stage ofthe research undertaken in1982 with
thefinancial assistance ofthe ECSC forthe purpose ofpromoting the useof
steel forstructural components .The primary object oftheproject asawhole
istoprovide areliable basis forthe design oflightweight mechanical compo­
nents andfor the choice ofsuitable steels through efficient andsignificant
characterization ofthe steels themselves sothat thefatigue life ofmechani­
cal components made with them can bepredicted .Thefirst stage covers the
characterization ofanumber ofsteels ,some ofwhich will bestudied more
extensively inasubsequent second stage soastodetermine the influence of
factors such aschemical composition ,type offabricating process ,etc.The
parameters obtained during thecharacterization studies are used asdirect
inputs tothe computer programmes fordetermining theprojected fatigue life
ofmechanical components .
The input data required for these programmes are the load andstrain time his­
tories ofthe components investigated ,theright stress concentration factor
for thecritical areas and the parameters characterizing thecyclic behaviour
ofthe material .
Itisplanned touse last-generation computer programmes for the research and
tomake acritical evaluation ofsome ofthe general assumptions which can
possibly beimproved inthelight ofabetter knowledge ofthe elastoplasti c
behaviour ofthe steels .
Applicant
Budget
Poss .durationCSM -Roma
489.000 ECU
11/2years
 
 *
 

SUMMARY TABLE
Annex 1
Project
N°Title ofResearchResearch proposed Financial Aid
by3robable
durationBUDGET ECU
(30.9.1982 )%AMOUNT ECU
(30.9.1982 )
I. ORE REDUCTION
1377 Metallurgical aspects ofpowdered coal injection inthe
blast furnace IRSID 3 795.000 60 477.000
1428 Blast furnace coal injection
II. MECHANICAL WORKINGBSC 2 445.000 60 267.000
1370 Computer control ofauniversal beam mill
III.MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSISARBED 4 336.000 60 201.600
1281Zeeman effect onbackground correction during atomic and
absorption spectrometry analysis CREUS0T-L0IRE 2 135.500 60 81.300
1314System forinspection andreconditioning ofsteel pro­
ducts CRM 3 498.000 60 298.800
1316 Analysis ofelements invery small concentrations by
coupled furnace and plasma torch spectrometry CRM 3 207.500 60 124.500
1337 On-line thickness profile measurement onhotwide strip HOESCH 3 751 .000 60 450.600
1391 Optical inspection ofthesurface ofhotcontinuously
cast semis IRSID 3 527.000 60 316.200
1408 Integrated system ofchemical analysis tomonitor the
continuous casting ofaluminium-killed steel
IV. SERVICE PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCECSM 2 307.500 60 184.500
1397 Present prospects forthe development of-constructiona I
steels andtheir treatment IRSID 3 376.500 60 225.900
.

-2-
project
N°Title ofResearchResearch proposed Financial Aid
byProbab le
durationBUDGET ECU
(30.9.1982 )%AMOUNT ECU
(30.9.1982 )
1416 Use ofsteel inthemotor industry with thenecessary
characteristics forfinite life design criteria CSM(years )
11/2 489.000 60 293.400
SUB-TOTAL 4.868.000 2.920.800
ANCILLARY COSTS AND DISSEMINATION OFINFORMATION 79.200
TOTAL 3.000.000

4.i.«2 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC56/3
Coma»m»iciii<«fromimCommiuionoftheEuropeanCommunitiestocompaniesiathe
ECSC
(Articl*48oftheECSCTreaty)
InthelettertothechairmanoftheConsultativeCommitteeoftheF.CSC,tlie
CommissionaskrdtheCommittertoundertaketheconsultation laiddowninArticle55
(2)(c)oftheTreatyconcerningthedesirabilityofallocatingthefollowingsumsfrom
thelevieslaiddowninArticle50oftheTreatyforfinancialaidaimedatfacilitatingthe
followingtechnicalresearchprojects.
UnderArticle48oftheTreaty,associationsofcompaniesintheECSCareentitledto
submittotheCommissiontheobservationsmadebytheirmembersconcerningthe
undermentioned subject*ofconsultation.
AnyobservationishouldbereceivedbytheCommissionnotlaterthan10Maiuli(WX
frcnECU)
A
2.
is*f3Metallurgical aspectsofpowderedcoalInjection1nthe
blastfurnace
BlastfurnacecoalInjection
13915
6
?Computercontrolofauniversalbeammill
Zeemaneffectonbackgroundcorrectionduringatomicand
absorptionspectrometry analysis
Systemforinspectionandreconditioning ofsteelpro­
ducts
Analysisofelementsinverysmallconcentrations by
coupledfurnaceandplasmatorchspectrometry
On-linethicknessprofilemeasurement onhotwidestrip
Opticalinspectionofthesurfaceofhotcontinuously
castsemis
Integratedsystemofchemicalanalysistomonitorthe
continuouscastingofaluminium-killed steel477.000
267.000
201.600
81.300
293.800
124.500
USo600
316.200
184.500
M
MPresentprospectsforthedevelopment ofconstructional
steelsandtheirtreatment
Useofsteelinthemotorind-strywiththenecessary
characteristics forfinitelifedesigncriteria225.900
293.400