Proposal for a Council Decision establishing a scheme to monitor the average specific emissions of carbon dioxide from new passenger cars (98/C 231/06) (Text with EEA relevance) COM(1998) 348 final - 98/0202(SYN)

(Submitted by the Commission on 12 June 1998)

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community and in particular Article 130s(1) thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,

Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee,

Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 189c of the Treaty in cooperation with the European Parliament,

(1) Whereas the Community recognises that greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere should be stabilised at such a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system;

(2) Whereas the Community is committed, within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, to stabilising emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) at 1990 levels by 2000;

(3) Whereas the Community has accepted a target to reduce its emissions of a basket of greenhouse gases by 8 % relative to 1990 levels by 2008 to 2012 as part of the Protocol agreed at the December 1997 Kyoto Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change;

(4) Whereas Council Decision 93/389/EEC (1) established a mechanism to monitor Community emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases;

(5) Whereas in recognising the importance of passenger cars as a source of CO2, the Community, in the Commission communication of 20 December 1995 (2), has developed a strategy to reduce CO2 emissions from passengers cars and improve fuel economy;

(6) Whereas the specific emissions of CO2 from new passenger cars are measured on a harmonised basis in the Community according to the methodology laid down in Council Directive 80/1268/EEC (3) relating to the carbon dioxide emissions and the fuel consumption of motor vehicles, as last amended by Commission Directive 93/116/EC (4);

(7) Whereas it is necessary to establish procedures to monitor the specific emissions of CO2 from new passenger cars sold throughout the Community in order to monitor the effectiveness of the Community strategy, as referred to in the Commission communication of 20 December 1995;

(8) Whereas only official data that is consistent with Council Directive 70/156/EEC (5), as last amended by Commission Directive 98/14/EC (6) on the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, should be collected by the Member States;

(9) Whereas Directive 70/156/EEC provides that manufacturers are to issue a certificate of conformity which must accompany each new passenger car and that Member States are to permit the registration and entry into service of a new passenger car only if it is accompanied by a valid certificate of conformity;

(10) Whereas it is not the intention of this Decision to harmonise national vehicle registration systems but to build upon them in order to ensure the compilation of a minimum data set required to allow the proper functioning of a Community scheme to monitor the average specific emissions of CO2 from new passenger cars;

(11) Whereas such a monitoring scheme should only apply to those passenger cars which are to be registered for the first time in the Community and have not been registered previously elsewhere,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1

This Decision establishes a scheme to monitor the average specific emissions of CO2 from new passenger cars registered in the Community. It only applies to those passenger cars which are being registered in the Community for the first time, have not been registered previously elsewhere and have been subject to EC type-approval pursuant to Directive 70/156/EEC.

Article 2

For the purposes of this Decision:

1. Passenger car means a motor vehicle of category M1, as defined in Annex I to Directive 70/156/EEC, that is used for the carriage of passengers and that has no more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat. It does not include two- and three-wheeled motor vehicles and special purpose vehicles as defined in the second indent of Article 4(1)(a) of Directive 70/156/EEC.

2. Newly registered car means a passenger car registered for the first time in the Community. It specifically excludes those vehicles which are re-registered in a second Member State or have been registered previously outside the Community.

3. Certificate of conformity means the certificate, referred to in Article 6 of Directive 70/156/EEC, which must accompany each new passenger car before it can be registered or allowed entry into service.

4. Specific emission of CO2 for a given passenger car means that measured in accordance with Directive 80/1268/EEC.

5. Manufacturer means the trade name of the person or body responsible to a type-approval authority for all aspects of the vehicle type and is that which appears on the certificate of conformity (referred to as 'Make`).

6. Maximum net power of new passenger cars means the maximum engine power stated on the certificate of conformity and measured in accordance with Council Directive 89/1269/EEC (7).

7. Mass means the mass of the car with bodywork in running order as stated in the certificate of conformity and defined in section 2.6 of Annex I to Directive 70/156/EEC.

8. Engine capacity means the engine capacity as stated on the certificate of conformity and measured in accordance with Directive 80/1269/EEC.

9. Fuel type means the fuel for which the car was originally type-approved and is that which appears on the certificate of conformity.

10. Registration file means an electronic file containing information relating to the registration of an individual passenger car.

11. Variant and version mean the differentiated vehicles of a given type that are declared by the manufacturer, as described in Annex II to Directive 70/156/EEC, and uniquely identified by type, variant and version numbers.

12. Type-approval documentation means the information package containing the information folder, type-approval certificate and test results that are circulated between the national type-approval authorities in accordance with Article 4(5) and (6) of Directive 70/156/EEC.

Article 3

1. For the purposes of establishing the scheme referred to in Article 1, Member States shall collect the information described in Annex I for each car referred to in that Article which is registered in their territory.

2. Member States shall be permitted to take the information referred to in paragraph 1 from either Community type-approval documentation or the certificate of conformity.

3. Member States shall be responsible for the validation and quality of the data that they collect. Member States shall take into consideration the potential sources of error described in Annex II, take steps to minimise those errors and make an annual assessment, by statistical analysis or otherwise, of the proportion of incorrect data that they have collected and stored. Member States shall communicate that assessment to the Commission together with the monitoring data referred to in Article 4(1).

4. In the light of the assessment referred to in paragraph 3, the Commission may ask Member States to give details of the procedures which they have implemented in order to ensure data quality and, if it is not satisfied as to the effectiveness of such procedures, it may, in consultation with the Member States, ask for further measures to be implemented.

Article 4

1. In each calendar year Member States shall calculate the following according to the methods described in Annex III.

(a) for each separate fuel type,

(i) the total number of newly registered passenger cars;

(ii) the average specific emissions of CO2 for newly registered passenger cars;

(b) for each separate manufacturer and fuel type, the number of newly registered passenger cars and average specific emissions of CO2;

(c) for each fuel type and distinct CO2 emission category specified in Annex III(4), the number of newly registered passenger cars;

(d) for each fuel type and distinct mass category specified in Annex III(5),

(i) the number of newly registered passenger cars;

(ii) the average specific emissions of CO2;

(iii) the average mass;

(e) for each fuel type and distinct engine net power category specified in Annex III(6),

(i) the number of newly registered passenger cars;

(ii) the average specific emissions of CO2;

(iii) the average net engine power;

(f) for each fuel type and distinct engine capacity category specified in Annex III(7),

(i) the number of newly registered passenger cars;

(ii) the average specific emissions of CO2;

(iii) the average engine capacity.

2. The information referred to in paragraph 1 shall be transmitted annually to the Commission by the Member States. The first transmission shall take place no later than 1 July 2001. Subsequent transmissions shall be completed by 1 April for the monitoring data collected in the preceding calendar year. The data shall be transmitted in accordance with the format specified in Annex IV.

3. On request from the Commission, the Member States shall also transmit the full set of data collected pursuant to Article 3.

Article 5

Member States shall designate a body responsible for the collection and communication of the monitoring information and shall inform the Commission thereof by 31 July 2000.

Article 6

Member States shall report to the Commission by 31 July 2000 at the latest on how they intend to implement the provisions of this Decision. On the basis of those reports the Commission may seek further information or request, in consultation with Member States, that changes be made in the proposed method of implementation.

Article 7

The Commission shall report to the Council by 31 December 2003 at the latest on the operation of the monitoring scheme established by this Decision.

Article 8

For each calendar year, the Commission shall submit to the Council a report based upon the monitoring data it receives from the Member States.

Article 9

This Decision is addressed to the Member States.

(1) OJ L 167, 9.7.1993, p. 31.

(2) COM(95) 689 final.

(3) OJ L 375, 31.12.1980, p. 36.

(4) OJ L 329, 30.12.1993, p. 39.

(5) OJ L 42, 23.2.1970, p. 1.

(6) OJ L 91, 25.3.1998, p. 1.

(7) OJ L 375, 31.12.1980, p. 46.

ANNEX I

Data to be collected and transmitted by the Member States for the purposes of a CO2 monitoring scheme for new passenger cars

With regard to the operation of a Community-wide scheme to monitor the specific emissions of CO2 from new passenger cars, Member States shall collect a minimum amount of information for each new passenger car that is registered in the Community for the first time. Only petrol and diesel are to be considered as these are the only fuels included in the European type-approval legislation.

1. The following data shall be collected and stored by the Member States when a new passenger car is registered for the first time in the Community:

- specific emissions of CO2 (g/km),

- fuel type (e.g. petrol, diesel),

- manufacturer,

- mass (kg),

- maximum net power (kW),

- engine capacity (cm³).

ANNEX II

Data quality and accuracy

1. Introduction

Manufacturers may differentiate their passenger car types into variants and further still into versions. For any given car the most accurate CO2 emissions data is that cited for the particular version to which the car belongs. For the purposes of the monitoring scheme Member States should collect, therefore, only 'version specific` data.

2. Use of type-approval documentation as the source of monitoring data

(a) Information that is to be used for CO2/cars monitoring purposes (or to be included in electronic databases for subsequent use in a CO2/cars monitoring scheme) must be extracted from the official 'information package` accompanying the notification of the granting of type-approval as circulated by the national type-approval authorities in the Member States and as laid down in Directive 70/156/EEC.

(b) The information package circulated by national type-approval authorities may contain data specific to several different versions. It is important, therefore, that the appropriate data for a new passenger car covered by the provisions of this Decision is correctly identified in the information package. The data for a specific version shall, therefore, be selected on the basis of the vehicle's 'type`, 'variant` and 'version` numbers as they appear on the certificate of conformity. The certificate of conformity necessarily contains data relating to a specific version of a given car type.

3. Potential sources of error

(a) Extraction of version specific data from type-approval documentation

There are two important potential sources of error associated with the use of type-approval documentation as the source of monitoring data for the purposes of this Decision. The first may arise in the conversion of data contained in a paper format in the information folder into an electronic format for use in a database of type-approval data. This is most likely to arise from human error. The second concerns the correct extraction of data from electronic databases of type-approval data. Data for the correct version should be identified in such databases by the unique combination of 'type`, 'variant` and 'version` numbers given on the certificate of conformity.

(b) Transfer of data from the certificate of conformity into an electronic registration file

When data is taken from the certificate of conformity (paper) and entered into an electronic registration file during the registration of a new passenger car there is a risk that incorrect data might be entered. The most likely source is human error.

(c) Automated transfer of data by the manufacturers to registration authorities

In some Member States manufacturers are asked to transfer data contained in the certificate of conformity to the registration authorities (or directly into registration files) directly by electronic means. There is of course a possibility that incorrect data is transferred and the systems should, therefore, be validated.

ANNEX III

Methodology to calculate the CO2 monitoring information for new passenger cars

This Annex describes the monitoring information that is to be communicated to the European Commission. The monitoring information is to be generated from the raw data collected during the first registration of new passenger cars (described in Annex I) according to the methods described below. The precise format in which this information should be communicated to the Commission is described in Annex IV.

Only petrol and diesel are to be considered as these are the only fuels included in the European type-approval legislation at the current time. Only information regarding new passenger cars which have not been registered previously within the Community is to be included in this monitoring scheme. Passenger cars which have been registered previously within the Community or elsewhere are specifically excluded from the provisions of this Decision.

1. Numbers of newly registered passenger cars differentiated by fuel type (Nf)

For each separate fuel type (e.g. petrol and diesel) Member States shall sum the number of new passenger cars which have been registered for the first time within their territory. For each fuel type, f, the number of new passenger cars registered for the first time is represented as Nf.

2. Average specific CO2 emissions of newly registered cars of a given fuel type (Sf,ave)

The specific CO2 emission averaged over all newly registered cars of a given fuel type, (designated by Sf,ave) is calculated from the sum of the specific CO2 emissions of each individual newly registered car of a particular fuel type, Sf, divided by the number of newly registered cars of the same fuel type, Nf.

Sf,ave = (1/Nf) 7 Ó Sf

3. The average specific CO2 emissions for all newly registered cars of a given fuel type and manufacturer (Sf,ave,man)

This is calculated from the sum of the specific CO2 emissions from each newly registered car of a particular fuel type and manufacturer, Sf,man, divided by the total number of newly registered cars of the same fuel type and manufacturer, Nf,man.

Sf,ave,man = (1/Nf,man) 7 Ó Sf,man

4. The distribution of CO2 emissions from new passenger cars

The number of newly registered passenger cars of each fuel type which fall into each of the following CO2 emission categories is to be recorded. The CO2 emission categories are < 60, 60 to 80, 81 to 100, 101 to 120, 121 to 140, 141 to 160, 161 to 180, 181 to 200, 201 to 250, 251 to 300, > 300 g/km.

5. The mass distribution of new passenger cars

For each of the following mass categories < 650, 650 to 750, 751 to 850, 851 to 950, 951 to 1 050, 1 051 to 1 150, 1 151 to 1 250, 1 251 to 1 350, 1 351 to 1 550, 1 551 to 1 750 and > 1 750 kg the number of newly registered passenger cars of a given fuel type, the average mass of these vehicles and also their average specific emissions of CO2 are to be recorded.

If the number of new cars in a given mass category, m, and fuel type, f, is given by Nf,m, then the average mass of these vehicles Mf,m,ave, is calculated from the sum of the individual masses Mf,m, of each new car divided by Nf,m.

Mf,m,ave = (1/Nf,m) 7 Ó Mf,m

If Sf,m is the specific emission of CO2 of individual cars in a particular mass category and fuel type then, by analogy, the average specific emission of CO2 of these vehicles is given by

Sf,m,ave = (1/Nf,m) 7 Ó Sf,m

6. The distribution of maximum net power of newly registered passenger cars

For each of the following maximum net power categories < 30, 0 to 40, 41 to 50, 51 to 60, 61 to 70, 71 to 80, 81 to 90, 91 to 100, 101 to 110, 111 to 120, 121 to 130, 131 to 140, 141 to 150, 151 to 160, 161 to 170, and > 180 kW the number of newly registered passenger cars of a given fuel type, the average maximum net power of these vehicles and also their average specific emissions of CO2 are to be recorded.

If the number of new cars in a given power range, p, and fuel type, f, is given by Nf,p, then the average net power of these vehicles Pf,p,ave, is calculated from the sum of the individual maximum net power values Pf,p of each new car divided by Nf,p.

Pf,p,ave = (1/Nf,p) 7 Ó Pf,p

If Sf,p is the specific emission of CO2 of individual cars in a particular engine power category and fuel type then, by analogy, the average specific emission of CO2 for these vehicles is given by

Sf,p,ave = (1/Nf,p) 7 Ó Sf,p

7. The distribution of engine capacity of newly registered passenger cars

For each of the following engine capacity categories, < 700, 700 to 800, 801 to 900, 901 to 1 000, 1 001 to 1 100, 1 101 to 1 200, 1 201 to 1 300, 1 301 to 1 400, 1 401 to 1 500, 1 501 to 1 600, 1 601 to 1 700, 1 701 to 1 800, 1 801 to 1 900, 1 901 to 2 000, 2 001 to 2 100, 2 101 to 2 200, 2 201 to 2 400, 2 401 to 2 600, 2 601 to 2 800, 2 801 to 3 000 > 3 000 cm³ the number of newly registered passenger cars of a given fuel type, the average engine capacity of these vehicles and also their average specific emissions of CO2 are to be recorded.

If the number of new cars in a given engine capacity range, c, and fuel type, f, is given by Nf,c, then the average engine capacity of these vehicles Cf,c,ave, is calculated from the sum of the individual engine capacities, Cf,c of each new car divided by Nf,c.

Cf,c,ave = (1/Nf,c) 7 Ó Cf,c

If Sf,c is the specific emission of CO2 of individual cars in a particular engine capacity category and fuel type then, by analogy, the average specific emission of CO2 for these vehicles is given by:

Sf,c,ave = (1/Nf,c) 7 Ó Sf,c

ANNEX IV

Format of monitoring information to be transmitted to the Commission

The following outlines the format in which the monitoring information, calculated according to the methodology in Annex III, should be communicated by the Member States to the Commission.

1. Specific emissions of CO2 averaged over all newly registered passenger cars of a given fuel-type

For each different fuel-type Member States shall provide the number of newly registered passenger cars and the average specific CO2 emission of those cars. The data shall be presented in tabulated form, as illustrated below, where the CO2 emissions values are to be given to the nearest whole number.

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2. Average specific emissions of CO2 by manufacturer and fuel type

The data concerning all newly registered passenger cars is to be grouped by manufacturer and sub-divided further by fuel type (for example petrol and diesel). For each sub-group Member States shall present the average specific emissions of CO2 and the number of vehicles on which it is based. The required information is to be transmitted in a tabulated form as shown below. Again the CO2 emissions values are to be given to the nearest whole number.

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3. The distribution of CO2 emissions in the new passenger car fleet

For each different fuel type Member States shall provide the number of new passenger cars registered in each distinct CO2 emission category, by manufacturer and for the total of all manufacturers, according to the following format.

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4. The distribution of mass, power and engine capacity of new passenger cars

The vehicle characteristics of mass, power and engine capacity have been divided into classes and aggregated data for each class interval is to be communicated. The date required, by manufacturer and for the total of all manufacturers, regards the average property (mass, power, engine capacity) and the average specific emission of CO2 for the vehicles in the class. The values of mass, power and engine capacity and specific emissions of CO2 are to be reported to the nearest whole number.

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