ARCHIVESHISTORIQUES
DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEEDES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(73)989
Vol.1973/0182

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COMMISSIONOPTHEEUROPEANCOMMUNITIES
COM(73 )989final
Brussels ,15June 1973
Communication from the Commission
totheCouncil onthesupply
ofCommunity food aidtotheSahel countries
PROPOSAL FOR
ACOUNCIL DECISION
ontheCommunity financing ofcertain expenditure relating
tofood aidsupplied under the1972/73programme
(submitted totheCouncil bytheCommission )
CCM(73 )989final

-1-VIII/674(73)B-4
Withaviewtotheimplementation oftheCouncildecisionsonthesupply
ofcerealsandmilkpowderasCommunityfoodaidtotheSahelcountries,
numerouscontactshaveteenestablished ,bothlocallyandinBrussels,with
thecompetentofficialsofthecountriesconcerned,withaviewofstudying
togetherwaysofsolvingthedifficultproblems,inparticularthetransport
problemswhichtheyencountered ,inordertosave,assoonaspossible,the
populationsofthedisasterareas*
Contacthasalsobeenmadewithrepresentatives ofotherdonorsoffoodaid.
ThepurposeofthisdocumentistoinformtheCounciloftheresultsto
whichtheCommissionhascome,andtoproposeappropriatesolutions.
Itdealsinturnwith:
1.Problemsofavailabilities ofproducts 5
2.Problemsoftransporting theproductstotheplaceswheretheyare
needed.•.

-2- VIII/674(73 )B–4–s
.Problems ofavailabilities
Atthepresent stage ofdevelopment inthefood crisis facing theSahel
oountries ,theproblem ofavailabilities ofproducts nolonger seems
totheauthorities tobethemain preoccupation .
There are ,however ,twoexceptions :oneresulting from thespecial
situation inUpper Volta ,theother concerning theneeds ofvery young
children . ,
Asregards Upper Volta ,ithasrecently been found that nomadic
populations from Mali andNiger have been moving into thenorth and
east ofthis country ,with theresult that thenumber ofpersons in
need offood aidhasincreased bysome 130000 .Asthis food aidmust
besupplied until thenext harvest (i.e. forroughly fivemonths ),
andshould consist ofamonthly ration perperson of15kgofcereals ,
Upper Volta must find anadditional quantity ofapproximately 10.000 tons
ofcereals inorder tomeet thisdifficulty ^.
I
Underlining ontheother hand themoderate character oftheir initial
request ,theUpper Volta authorities have appealed forthis purpose to
theCommunity ,andtheCommission feels that afavourable answer must
begiven totherequest .
Ittherefore proposes totheCouncil that theunused reserve products
under the1972/73plan ,being aquantity of9900tons ofcereals ,be
assigned toUpper Volta inaddition tothe5000 "tons initially allocated .
Over thenext fewmonths this country expects toreceive 42500tons
ofcereals from allsources puttogether .

-3- VIII/674(73)B-4-£
Sincetheseproductsareallintendedtobedistributedfree,the
CommissionalsoproposestotheCouncilthattheCommunityshould
financetheirtransportuptotheplacesofdestination .
Thereisanotherspecialproblem,whoseurgencyhasrecentlybeen
emphasizedtotheCommission,whichisthatoftheinadequacyof
suppliesofspecialproducts(suchaspaporspeoiallypreparedmilk,
etc.)forfeedingveryyoungchildren(uptosixmonths).Themilk
andcerealproductssupplieduntilnowdonotinfactmeetthe
requirements ,andthemothersofthesechildren,whothemselvessuffer
/
frommalnutrition ,arenolongercapableofbreast-feeding them.
SincetheCommunitycsnnotmobilizethenecessaryproductsin
sufficienttime,theCommissionrecommendsthattheMemberStates
themselvestakeactiontodoso.TheCommissionalsobelievesthat
charitableorganization ^mightbe'recommendedtodireottheiractions
towardsthisend.

■4- Vlll/674(73)B-4-3
( ;l
2.Transportproblems
Theproblemoftransporting theproductsduringthecomingmonthsfrom
Africanportsanduptothedisasterareasiswithoutquestionthemost
importantdifficultynowfacingtheSahelcountries,andisespecially
accuteforthosefarinland.
Roadandrailinfrastructures enableonlyabout40000tonsof
productstobetransportedtoMali,UpperVoltaandNigereachmonth
(seeAnnexi),whereasthequantityofcerealswhichthesethree
countriesexpecttoreceiveinthenextfewmonthsareoftheorderof
200000tons,or50000tonspermonthf.towhichweshouldaddthe
productswhicharrivedearlierandarestillawaitingonwardcarriage.
Inadditiontotheproblemoftransporting productstoinlandcountries,
allthecountriesconcernedarehavingdifficultyintransporting
productstocentralzoneswhichnormally,withrareexceptions,canonly
bereachedbyroad.Thistransporthasalreadybeenrendered
diffioultsincemid-June-andwillbecomemoreandmoredifficultover
thenextfewweeks-becauseoftherainyseason.
TohelptheSaheloountriestocope,underthediffioultconditions
justmentioned,withtheseexceptionalflowsofproducts,theyshouldbe
providedwithincreasedmaterialandfinancialassistanceasrapidlyas
possible.TheCommunityforitspartshouldcontribute :
1.Byprovidingthesecountrieswithincreasodmeansofairtransport;
2.Byhelpingthemtomakefulluseoftheirlocaltransportfacilities ,in
particularbyroad,and,whereappropriate ,byincreasingtheirroad
transportfacilities.

-5- VIIl/674(73)B-4-E
"Useofadditionalmeansofairtransport
SomeMemberStateshave,inthelast..fewweeks,mademilitaryaircraft
availabletotheinlandSahelcountries,sothatmilkpowderorcereals
providedb;rtheCommunityorbyothercountriesororganizations canbe
transported cruicklytothemostdistantareas.,
1Thisexperimenthasshownthattheaircraftusedwereeasilyadaptable
totheparticularconditionsoftheservicetobeprovided(under­
developedairportfacilities,shortturnroundtimes,etc«)°
Inviewofthetransportdifficulties tobeexpectedinthenextfew
weeks,inparticularasaresultoftherains,theCommissionfeels
thattheuseofthisformofairtransportshouldbeextendedbothin
tineandinscale.
IntheopinionoftheCommission,theMemberStatesshouldchannel
theireffortstowardsensuring-atafirststageatleast–thetrans­
portofthelargestpossibleproportionofthe10379tonsofmilk
2powderwhichwillbedeliveredbytheCommunitytoAfricanports
betweentheendofJuneandtheendofJuly.
Thiseffortisjustifiedbothbythehighnutritional valueofmilk
powder,andbythefactthatthepeoplemostinneedoftheproducts
arethenomadicpopulations whoareworstaffectedbythedroughtand
whoareinthemostinaccessible areas.
C130;Transall,Nord2500
ProductsareexpectedtoarriveinJuneandJulyasfollows:
(a)forlliger:
-1200tonsatCotonoufor15July,
-1100tonsatLagos(Apapa)for5July;

-53'- νΐΙΙ/674(73 )Β-4-Ξ
: ■ , .
(b)forMali :
-339 "tons atAbidjan early July ,
-1700 tons atAbidjan orDakar fortheendofJuly :
(c)forUpper Volta:
-89Otons atAbidjan for2July ,
-869tons atAbidjan for 17July ;
(d)forChad :
-190tons atLagos formid-July :
(e)forSénégal :
-2350 tons toDaJcar inJuly ;
(f)forMauritania :
-1750 tons atITouacIcchott for 21June .
•••/•••

VIIl/674(73)3-4-:
Asregardsthetwocountrieswithaccessfromthesea,Senegaland
Mauritania,towhich4100tonsofpowderareto"besent,transport
problemscould"beovercomebytheuseofDC3orDC4aircraftwhichare
themostsuitableforupcountryairportsinthesetwocountries.
Fortheothercountries,towhichatotalquantityof6279tonsistobe.
1sent,airtransportisnecessaryasregards5200tonstobedispatched
fromthethreeportsfromwhichexitroutesaremostcongested,i.e.from
DakarorAbidjanstollali,fromAbidjantoUpperVolta,fromCotonouto
Niger(seeAnnexi).
These5200tonsvailbedeliveredtothosethreeportsinaccordancewit!
thefollowingtimetable:
1.1200toninthebeginningofJuly
2.2300inmid-July;
3.1700attheendofJuly* '
Onthebasisofoneround-tripperday,thetransportofthesetonnages
fromtheseportswouldinvolveapproximately ;
1..5C130sor10Transallsduringthefirstfortnight .ofJuly;
2.9C130sor19Transallsduringthefollowingfortnight;
3.7C130sor14TransallsduringthefirstfortnightofAugust.
(a)1100tonsforNigerviaLagos
(b)2039tonsforMaliviaAbidjanorDakar
(c)1750tonsforUpperVoltaviaAbidjan
(d)190tonsforChadviaLagos.
2Accordingtoinformationcurrentlyavailable,the1200tonsforNiger
viaCotonoucouldbesentbyrailorbyroadwithoutmajorproblems.

VIII/674 (73)B-4-E
-7-
These rough estimates ,which give thefigures ofminimum needs tobe
satisfied iftheemergency aidaction inmilk products istobeimplemented
ingood time ,connot "beconsidered asanindication ofthemaximum effort
needed .
Itshould beborne inmind that thetransport ofthecereals will also
come upagainst great difficulties .According toinformation available
atthemoment (seeAnnex i)bytheendofJune there will bemore than
30000tons ofproducts waiting atDakar foronward carriage toMali ,while
themonthly capacity oftheDakar-Bamako line ^"isbetween 8.000and10.000
tons .Inthemonth ofJuly alone more than 25.000 tons will arrive atAbidjan
which port serves both Mali andUpper Volta ,while the "normal "exit capacity
is10000tons permonth .Some 14000tons axeexpected toarrive atCotonou
forforwarding toNiger ,whereas -only about 9000tons permonth canbesent
oninland .
Thus ,bytheendofJuly ,there will beavery important surplus ofproducts
for transport .
Inconclusion ,theCommission believes that theMember States should also
agree toproviding theconcerned Governments with additional military
aircraft soastoenable them tomeet themost urgent needs ofpopulations
which canonly bereached bytraditional road transport .
There ispractically noroad link toensure this connection

VIII/674(73)B-4-UJ
.Ilaximumuseofroad.transportfacilities
Althoughthetransitcountrieshavegivenprioritytotheuseofrail
fortransporting food.to.inlandcountries,railtransportisrelatively
slowanditseemshardlypossibletoaccelerate.
Thuseffortstospeedupthetransportofcerealswhichcannot "besent
byrailorairshouldbeconcentrated onlorrytransport,andthese
lorriesshouldnotonlybeusedfortransitbutalsofordeliveringthe
productstointernaldistribution centres.
Vehiclesbelongingtonationalandlocal,authorities (includingthe
Arrayinmanycases)and.thoseavailabletonationaldistributioncentrers
foragricultural productsseemnowtobemobilisedtoaverylarge
extent.
Consequently ,anyprogressinthisfieldwillhavetobemadebymeans
ofextendeduseofvehiclesbelongingtolijcalprivatecarriers.In
practiceitisdifficulttogivefiguresastothenumberofvehicles
whichmaythusbeavailable,butthenumbershouldberelativelyhigh.
Themainobstacletothisincreaseduseconsistsessentiallyofthe
relativelyhighcosts.
Theauthorities andnationalofficesofthereoipientcountries,response
ibleforpurchasinganddistributing theproducts,donotgenerallyhave
enoughmoneyavailabletousetheseadditionalmethodsonamassive
scale.Inanycase,certainoarriersseenreluctanttoprovideextra
services,sincetheyfrequentlyfeelthatthepaymentdatesproposedto
themaretoolong.
1Ifweassumethatmilkpowderwillbetransportedlargelybyair,road
transportwouldbeusedprincipallyforcereals.

JVIII/674(73)B~4-.rî
It"thusseemsthatthesolutiontotheseproblemsmustbesoughtinthe
financing,bythedonorcountriesororganizations ,ofthecostof
transporting theproductssuppliedasaiduptotheplaoesofdistribution .
TheCommunityforitsparthasadoptedthisprincipleinrespeotofthe
milkpovjd.Grsuppliedasaid,andthefirstdeliveriesofthisproduct,
madeveryquiokly,seemtosuggestthatsucharrangements wouldwork.
Incontrast,asregardscerealssuppliedasaid(58500tonstobe
suppliedbeforetheendofOctober),theCouncil,initsdecisiononthe
1972/73implementation plan"',agreed,onaproposalfromtheCommission,that
theproductswouldbedeliveredfreeatfrontier,andthatinlandtransport
fromthefrontierofthereoipientcountrytoplaoesofdistribution
wouldreceiveaCommissiongrantintheformofastandardcontribution
toinlandtransportcosts.Thiscontribution wouldbepaidonly-later,
i.e.aftertheauthorities hadsenttheCommissionareportonthe
receptionoftheproducts. .' .•
Thisprocedure,whichalreadyrepresentedenincreasedeffortas
comparedwiththerulespreviouslychosenfortheseoountriesoras
oomparedwiththoseappliedtoothercountriesreceivingCommunityfood
aid,doesnotseemadequateinpresentoircumstsnces .
Inpractioeitforcestherecipientoountriestopayoutlargesumsfor
thistransport,andtheyonlyreceivea-moreoverpartial-reimbursement
ofthesesumsafterdrawingupareport,ande:q?eriencehasshownthat
nearlyallthecountriesconoernedfindadministrative problemsin
drawingupsuchreportswhioharedifficulttoovercome,particularlyin
thepresentsituation.
TheCommissionthereforebelievesthatasithasbeendecidedfornilk
productsaidtheCouncilshouldamenditsdecisionof14Kay1973onthis
pointandagreetofinancethetransport
/

VIII/674(73)B-4-E
ofCommunityfoodaid.todistribution centresintherecipient
2countries.TothisendtheAnnexcontainsaproposalforafinancing
Decision.
1Adoptedatitsmeetingof14May1973«
2ExceptforMauritania,wheretransportcostsafterthecifstagewould
"befinancedbyaspecialHDPaid(Article20.YaoundeConvention).

-10-
Inaddition tosolving thefinancial difficulties oftherecipient countries ,
this solution would make iteasier forlocal authorities toorganize transport
while granting sufficient flexibility totheexecution oftheaidprogramme
oftheCommunity ,Inthis way thelocal authorities canconcentrate their
1main efforts onthetransport schedule ofeach arrival ,andontheoperations
inthe distribution centres ofthe disaster areas .
Therefore ,theCommission proposes totheCouncil :
-toassign toUpper Volta 9900tons ,being thereserve products under
the1972/1973 plan 5
-todecide ontheproposal forafinancing decision (seeannex I)of
'certain expenditures concerning food aidunder the1972/1973 plan .
Furthermore ,sheinvites theMember States
-tomake thenecessary arrangements forthesupply ofspecial products for
very young children j
-tomobilize allpossible means inorder toprovide thelocal authorities
with military aircraft enabling thefood transport from theport of
arrival tothe disaster areas .

_H--VIII/674(73)B-4
ANNEXIA
ARRIVALSINTHEPORTSOFWESTERNAFRICADESTRIATED
TOTHESAHELCOUNTRIES
DESTINATED TOUPPERVOLTA
l)throughTEMA(evacuationcapacity3OOOtons)
a)Arrivalsrealisedendkey 4.856tons
b)Arrivals'providedduringthenextmonths *14500tons
monthjproduct j
2 iprovided .dates01arrivais Iquantitymtons
Juno '(
sorghou.s.
sorghou.s.■beginningJune
22June2.500
25oo)5000
July
August
September
Ocrober
1sorghou.s.
sorghou.s.
sorghou.s.
sorghou.s.beginningJuly
beginningAugust
beginningSept.
beginningOctober4.500
2000
2000
1000
2)throughLOME(evacuationcapacity1000tons)
a).ArrivalsrealisedendMay '""*•""I000tons
b)Arrivalsprovidedduringthenextmonths ' 3250ons
monthj'product 1fprovideddatesof
Iarrivalsquantityintons
:
June sorghou.s.beginningJune 500
sorghou.s.beginningJune 250
July sorghou.s.beginningJuly 1000
August sorghou.s.beginningAugust 500
ISeptember sorghou.s.beginningSeptember 500 ■
October |sorghou.s.beginningOctober 500

VIII/674(73)B-4
-12-
ANNEXIA(suite)
3)throughABIDJAN(evacuationcapacity5000tons)
a)ArrivalsrealisedendMay 5650tons
b)Arrivalsprovidedduringthenextmonths,. 22250tons
month productprovideddatesofi ,e, -quantityinarrivals
__itons
June wheatPrance 1notdetermined j1000•
July milleCEE beginningJuly 1750)
flour,maisPAMi
ιmid.July 2000)
wheatFrancell/l27July 2000)9750'
wheatGermany72/73endJuly 3000)I
I
wheatCanada jnotdetermined 1000)
August maisCEE72/73beginningAugust 2500)6000
flour,maisPAMmid.August 2500)
wheatPrance jj7August j
I ii1500)
September maisCES72/73beginningSeptember I2500)
5500-wheatPrance "7September ''2500)
wheatCanadaInotdetermined i
■!1000)
"cjotherarrivalsannouncedatadateandanhabournotyetdetermined
cerealsFrance72/73 . 3000tons
wheatCanada 1000tons
GRANDTOTAL(a+b+c)55506tons

VIIl/674(73)B-4
ANNEXE1B
ARRIVALSINTHEPORTS0?WESTERNAFRICADESTINATED
TOTHE-SAHaLCOUNTRIES...
.:DESTINED"TOMALI
l)throughDAKAR(evacuationcapacity8–1C.000tons)
a)Arrivalsrealisedend.May 39000tons
ofwhichinwaitingforreexportation 25000tons
b)Arrivalsprovidedduringthenextmonths 24635tons
month
Jf ;
|product I
i: !|provideddatesof
[arrivalsquantityintons
June
July
tmaisCEE71/72
sorghou.s.
maisURSS
sorghou.s.
sorghoPrance
flourCEE7l/72
wheatFrance(68/69)
sorghou.s.begmnmgJune
13June
4June
15June
10June
20June
1July
15July3000)
3000)
4000)18635
3000)
3000)
1311)
3000Wnnn3000'000
2)throughABIDJAN(evacuationcapacity5000tons)
a)ArrivalsrealisedendMay
b)Arrivalsprovidedduringthenextmonths15000tons
28661tons
month productprovideddatesof
arrivaisquantityintons
June
July
AugustsorghoPAM
nilkCES
maisCEE(72/73)•
wheatsemoulaC32372/73
milkCEE jwheatflour
maisCEE72/731June
endJune
endJuly
endJuly
endJuly
endJuly
15August3™'5339
10000)
1700I18322
3311)
5000
c)Otherarrivalsannounced(datesandharboursnotyetdetermined)
5000)
10000) 27000tons
12000)sorghoPAM
cerealsFrance72/73
cerealsChina
GRANDTOTAL(a+b+c)134296tons
(l)underreserveofcertainquantitiestoforwardthoughDakar

-14-VIII/674(73)B-4
ANNEX l/C
ARRIVALS INTHE PORTS OFWESTERN AFRICA DESTINATED
TOTHE SAMEL COUNTRIES
DESTINED TOMAURITANIA
a)Arrivals realised endMay
"b)Arrivals provided during thenext months :40.055 tons
Canada
Argentine
CEE
Irak
Chine10000 tcereals
1700 tcereals
5000 tcereals
1BOO tcereales
3000 tcereales
1000 tcereales
8000 tcereales30.500 tons
GRAND TOTAL 70.555 tons

-15-VIIl/674(73)B-4
ANNES ID
ARRIVALS IKTHS PORTS OFWEST5KM AFRICA D5STINAT5D
TOTHE SAEEL COUNTRIES
D5STHÎÀTSD TOÎTIGER
l)-through .LAGOS (evacuation capacity 11.000
a)Arrivals realised endHay 14233
b)Arrivals provided during thenext months 18390t)
ton3
18390tons
month product|provided dates of
i arrivalsquantity intons
June
Julysorgho u.s .
maïs u.s .
sorgho u.s.
iiilk CEE
sorgho u.s .
mais u.s .
sorgho PAMnot determined
24.6.73
not cLitermined
5July
beginning July
not deternined
not detennined
Augustcereals CEE72/73endJuly
sorgho u.s. !"beginning August500 )
000 )
500 )
100 )
000 )
000 )
500 )
000 )6000
10600
1790 1790
2)through C0T0N0U (evacuation capacity 9000t)
a)Arrivals realised endMay ... 8500
b)Arrival sprovided during thenext months 21221tons
21221 tens
month productprovided dates of
arrivaisquantity intons
June
Julysorgho u.s . beginning June
milk CUE j15July
flour Germany 15July
flour ,mais u.s.15 July
sorgho u.s. jbeginning July
sorhgo u.s. I11July
cereals CEE72/73endJuly
August sorgho u.s .
flour maisbeginning August
15August4000
1200
3311
1000
1500
2500
4500
2210
1000)
)
)14011
)
) 3210
3)through PORT HARCOURT
a)Arrivals realised endKay
b)Arrivals provided during thenext months
sorgho PAHJune 2500
sorgho PAH 13July 2500
c)Other arrivals announced atadate endhabour notyetdetermined
cereals Prance not determined 4500
GRAND TOTAL (a+b+c )5000 tons
71849tons

VIIl/674(73)B-4-E
-16-
...... ANNEXI/E
ARRIVALS' "INTHEPORT'SOFWESTERNAFRICAPESTINATES
TOTHESAHELCOUNTRIES
DESTINATES TOSENEGAL
throughDAKAR
a)ArrivalsrealisedendMay
ofwhichinwaitingforreexportation 5826tons
b)Arrivalsprovidedduringthenextmonths19461tons
17629tons
month !
1!product
Iprovideddatesof
arrivais quantityintons *j
.1
June wheatFrance69/7023June 3000)
CSMUNICEF beginningJune 120)6879
IsorghoPAI-I
i9June 3759) !
July maisCEE72/73 15July 5000)
cerealsGermany 15July 1500)8000
cerealsGermany 25July 1500)
August ...cerealsGermany 5August 1500
cerealsGermany 1notdetermined
I
c)otherarrivalsannouncedatadatenotyetdetermined
sorghou.s.
wheatflour Canada
cerealsItaly(72/73)
riceArgentine
cerealsFrance(72/73)
--cerealsBelgium(72/73)10000t
4000t
10000t
1000t
7500t
500t33000t
GRANDTOTAL(a+b+c)70'090tons

Vili/674(73)B-4-2
AMEEXII
PROPOSAL FOR
ACOUNCILDECISION
ontheCommunityfinancingofcertainexpenditurerelating
tofoodaidsuppliedunderthe1972/73programme

VHI/674(73)B-4-3
-18-
TE2COTEuILOP153EUHOPLâZTCCZÊIUiiï.L.S ,
HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishingtteEuropeanScononicConmurity;
HavingregardtoCouncilRegulation(Z3C)Ifo1703/72^of3August1572
amendingRegulation(3SC)Ho2052/59asregardstheCocanunityfinancing
ofexpenditureincurredintheimplementation ofthe19^7PoodAid
ConventionandlayingdownrulesfortheCommunityfinancingofexpenditure
incurredintheimplementation ofthe1971FoodAidConvention,andin
particularArticles8(1)and10(1)thereof;
HavingregardtotheproposalfromtheConnission ;
'ihereas,inviewofthedramaticsituationfacingtheSahelcountries,it
wouldseemnecessarythrttheCocnunities shouldhearthecostof
trapsportingcerealssuppliedasfoodaidtotheplacesofdestination :
EA3IGCIISD:
SoleArticle
IntheirameworkoftheCoEsatmity'sactivitiestosupplyfoodaidto
UpperVolta,Eali,Biger,SenegalandChadunderthe1972/73progrsmne,
CormurjLtyfinancingshallextendtoexpenditureincurredindelivering
theproductstotheplacesofdestination.
LoneetBrussels,
FortheCouncil
__________ ThePresident
0JKoL1S0,8At^ust1972,p.1.