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COM (84) 398 
 
 
Vol. 1984/0 173 
  
 
Disclaimer  
Conformém ent au règlement (CEE, Euratom) n° 354/83 du Conseil du 1er février 1983 
concernant l'ouverture au public des archives historiques de la Communauté économique 
européenne et de la Communauté européenne de l'énergie atomique (JO L 43 du 15.2.1983, 
p. 1), tel que modifié par le règlement (CE, Euratom) n° 1700/2003 du 22 septembre 2003 
(JO L 243 du 27.9.2003, p. 1), ce dossier est ouvert au public. Le cas échéant, les documents 
classifiés présents dans ce dossier ont été déclassifiés conformément à l'article 5 dudit 
règlem ent. 
In accordance with Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 354/83 of 1 February 1983 
concerning the openin g to the public of the historical archives of the European Econom ic 
Communit y and the European Atom ic Energy Communit y (OJ L 43, 15.2.1983, p. 1), as 
amended by Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1700/2003 of 22 September 2003 (OJ L 243, 
27.9.2003, p. 1), this fi le is open to the public. Where necessary, classified documents in this 
file have been declassified in conformity with Article 5 of the aforementioned regulation.  
In Übereinstimmung mit der Verordnung (EWG, Euratom) Nr. 354/83 des Rates vom  1. 
Februar 1983  über die Freigabe der historischen Archive der Europäischen  
Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft und der Europäischen Atomgem einschaft (ABI. L 43 vom  15.2.1983,  
S. 1), geändert durch die Verordnung (EG, Euratom) Nr. 1700/2003 vom 22. Septem ber 2003  
(ABI. L 243 vom 27. 9.2003, S. 1), ist diese Datei der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. Soweit  
erforderlich, wurden die Verschlusssachen in dieser Datei in Übereinstimmung mit Artikel 5  
der genannten Verordnung freigegeben.  
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(84) 398 final 
Brussels, 17th July 1984
COMMISSION REPORT TO THE ACP-EEC  
COUNCIL OF MINISTERS  
ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF FINANCIAL  
AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION IN 1983, 
UNDER THE LOME CONVENTION
COM(84) 398 final

CONTENTS
iD^roduct i_on Page
Chapter I  Commitment 6
1. Programming
2. Identification and preparation of  
projects and programmes
3. Drawing up and signature of  
financing agreements
Chapter II Implementation 13
1. Invitations to tender, contracts
2. Payments and accounting procedures
3. Start-up; operation and maintenance
Chapter III Operations by sector 19
1. Industrialization and energy
2. Rural development
3. Transport and communications
4. Social development
5. Emergency aid
6. Stabex
Chapter IV Implementation of specific Convention 37
provisions
1. Measures to help the least-developed,  
landlocked or island ACP States
2. Regional cooperation
3. Cofinancing
4. Microprojects
Chapter V Eva luat ion 43

INTRODUCTION
This report on the management of financial and technical cooperation in  
1983 is the third of its kind, drawn up by the Commission in  
collaboration with the European Investment Bank, pursuant to the  
second Lomé Convention. It therefore covers a year ending only  
14 months before the five-year lifetime of the Convention itself  
(which expires, in accordance with Article 188, on 28 February 1985).
The conventions between the Community and a number of developing
countries (membership has increased steadily, a sure sign of
interest) have changed radically in style and substance since 1958.
All the conventions, however, have had at least one point in common:
their five-year span. Yet experience has shown that in the
crucial area of financial and technical cooperation the implementation
of a convention takes much longer than that, perhaps as long as ten
years, particularly (though not exclusively) with regard to
disbursements. Despite the fact that there has been no hiatus,
one convention having succeeded another without a break, it is a
1situation which has given rise to certain misunderstandings.
Might it not be desirable to have a legal instrument more adequately  
reflecting the reality?
The aim of the annual report is to allow the ACP-EEC Council of Ministers  
to review progress made towards the objectives of financial and  
technical cooperation. The timing of the exercise is not in fact  
ideal, in that the aims of cooperation remain unchanged from year  
to year, and the reasons for success and causes of difficulties  
will also be essentially the same.
Article 110(1)(c) of the Convention notwithstanding.

-  2 -
A yearly report is thus liable to make somewhat monotonous reading -  
though at least the figures change! (They are set out in full in  
the statistical annexes to the report). This time, however, the  
Commission has been greatly helped to avoid this danger by the work  
of the Joint Committee set up under Article 108(6) of the 
Convention to report to the Council of Ministers. The  
Committee's subordinate organs - the small, blessedly informal  
technical working party, often meeting twice a week and into the  
night as well, and the group of authorized representatives  
(ambassadors and senior officials) - have done an excellent job,  
producing, in particular, a joint report to be submitted to the  
ministers themselves. The report, which takes as its basis  
inter alia the resolutions adopted by the Council of Ministers at  
Libreville (14 May 1982) and Brussels (18 May 1983), reviews the  
following crucial aspects of financial and technical cooperation  
activities:
principles: cofinancing, microprojects, regional cooperation,
programme aid;
procedures: financing of overruns, payment procedures;
sectors of cooperation: agriculture, rural projects and food
strategies; energy; human resources; health care and social  
services; transport and telecommunications; environment and  
development.

- 3 -
Commission and EIB commitments in 1983 under the second Lomé Convention  
totalled 892.4m ECU, compared with 1095.3m ECU in 1982, a fall in  
"turnover" of 202.9m ECU in value terms, or 18.5%. That is the combined  
result of a variety of negative and positive items: in order of  
importance, they are (with reference to the previous year's  
performance) :
Down milUon ECH
Grants “ 121.4
95Sysmin
Stabex ' 39-6
EIB loans from own resources 29.2
285.2
UP
Special loans + 73.5
Risk capital + 8.8 _
+ 82.3
This gives a final negative figure of - 285.2 + 82.3 = - 202.9m ECU.
By the end of 1983 a total of 2 683.2m ECU had been committed; just  
over half (50.4%) of the total available sum of 5 322m ECU.

- 4 -
Disbursements from fifth EDF resources totalled 416.8m ECU in 1983,  
compared with 328.1m in 1982, a rise of 26.8%. To this should be  
added disbursements under the fourth EDF (280m ECU) and a small  
amount from the third Fund (13.5m ECU), giving an overall total of  
710.3m ECU. When we include payments by the EIB out of its own  
resources (101.5m ECU) the total for disbursements rises to  
811.8m ECU, well above the previous year's figure of 719.7m ECU,  
an increase of 12.7%.
These overall figures give a clear indication of the greatly  
improved performance in the field of financial and technical  
cooperation proper, since the other major items which go to make up  
the total have declined, namely Stabex (down by 39.6m ECU) and 
Sysmin (no financing decisions at all during the year under  
consideration, representing a decline of 95m ECU).
We should also bear in mind that while the Lomé Convention holds  
a special place in ACP-EEC cooperation, it is not the only source  
of Community funds for those countries. Despite the general  
belt-tightening which is hitting hard at other sectors, the  
ACP States get a sizeable proportion of the funds from the  
Community budget.

- 5 -
___1  ·  I  _ i ______J- -? r\a / ~  -C 4- U «  r A m m i  in i f \/ *  C t A +  3 I  ''hi I  3f PTfll 11In
 1982^ they received almost 70% of the Community's total "bilateral  
official development assistance,^ a sum in excess of 1  500m ECU, 
which included considerable amounts from the budget. Budget  
financed operations in 1983 included food aid, the continued work on  
food strategies in four ACP States (Mali, Rwanda, Kenya and Zambia),  
the financing of a special programme to combat hunger in the world,  
the launching of a programme of scientific and technical research  
for development, energy cooperation, and cooperation with  
non-governmental organizations.
This year's report is organized rather differently from the last.
The Commission as we have seen wanted to avoid the risk of monotony 
inherent in the production of a yearly statement, there being no  
dramatic changes, generally speaking, from one year to the next.  
However, sectoral developments are both more marked and more easily  
quantifiable, and the part dealing with this aspect of cooperation  
has been retained. And in reporting on progress towards the various  
goals of financial and technical cooperation, the Commission has  
of course followed the guidelines laid down by the ACP-EEC Council  
of Ministers, notably in the resolution adopted in Brussels on  
20 May 1983, which represents the most up-to-date statement of  
policy in this field.
At the time of writing (April 1984) not all the figures for 1983 
were avai lable.
Excluding Community financings executed by other bodies,  
e.g. the UN.
'Official development assistance is defined as having a "grant  
(concessionary) element" of over 25%. A "grant" as such is  
100% concessionary.

-  6
CHAPTER I: COMMITMENT
1. Programming
Programming is one of the greatest importance for financial and  
technical cooperation activities, since as Article 109 of the  
Convention says, the programme sets out "the guidelines and scope"  
of cooperation as well as "specific projects and programmes"
("where they have been clearly identified").
In its Brussels resolution the ACP-EEC Council of Ministers  
instructed the Article 108 Committee to investigate the reasons for  
the gap which had opened up between the objectives set out in  
Article 110 of the Convention and the actual rate of commitment of  
funds. At the time of writing (April 1984) the Committee's  
subordinate working parties, and hence the Committee itself, had  
been unable to tackle this question in detail, partly because of  
the heavy workload imposed on its members by the negotiations for  
the new ACP-EEC convention. The matter is due to be examined  
shortly, and the findings will be incorporated in the Article 108  
Committee's next report to the ACP-EEC Council of Ministers.

7
Nevertheless, the Commission has felt it worth taking stock of the  
situation. In mid-1983 it reviewed the programming of the funds
it administers itself, and settled on a final amount for the indicative  
programmes (the allocation having been originally left open with a  
maximum-minimum bracket), notifying the ACP States individually of  
the results.
As was explained to the ACP Heads of State at the start of the  
Convention, the idea of fixing a bracket for the indicative programme  
in this way was to enable account to be taken of the amount of  
development aid from non-programmable EDF and EIB resources going  
to the various countries during the lifetime of the Convention.
Accordingly, allocations for each ACP State were to be finalized in  
the light of the non-programme aid received or imminent under the  
regional cooperation heading, or as subsidized loans or risk  
capital from the Bank; countries getting less in the way of  
non-programmable resources were to get a correspondingly increased  
allocation.
As part of the same exercise, amounts initially programmed as  
special loans were converted into grants to help certain countries in  
a particularly difficult financial position, or heavily indebted.

-  8 -
The year under consideration also saw a fairly satisfactory increase 
in commitments under the indicative programmes, up (as at 
31 December 1983) to 52% of allocations, compared with 34% at end 
1982.
The 52% is of course an average, which, as in previous years, covers  
an extraordinary range of commitment levels for different countries -  
from 2% to 93%. Nevertheless, the average does betray a certain  
lag in the implementation of indicative programmes, since the optimum  
rate, according to Article 110 of the Convention, would have been 65%.
This stage of affairs is due in part to accumulated earlier delays,  
and also to:
the general increase in allocations resulting from the review  
exercise described above;
the difficult political and economic circumstances in certain  
countries;
the concentration of funds under some indicative programmes  
on one or two "megaprojects" which by their nature take longer  
to process, and on which the rate of implementation of the  
whole programme thus depends;
the need to rework some countries' programmes root and branch,  
with projects which were over-ambitious or insufficiently  
prepared for implementation under the present Convention being  
abandoned.
However, the commitment outlook for 1985 promises a marked improvement  
for most of the states currently falling behind the optimum rate.

_ 9
2. Identification and preparation of projects and programmes
It is by now a truism that the management of financial and technical  
cooperation involves an ongoing dialogue. That is, nevertheless,  
the hallmark of the Lomé Convention both in principle and in practice.  
Dialogue starts at the programming stage, and continues through the  
identification, preparation, appraisal and implementation of the  
projects or programmes to their evaluation. It is at the stageof  
identification and above alt preparation that the national authorities,  
under Article 111 of the Convention, have the most administrative,  
financial and technical responsibility; programming and evaluation  
are joint processes.
Project preparation, then, is a crucial part of financial and  
technical cooperation activities. In practice, however, it not  
infrequently happens that the proposed operation is presented in  
its bare outlines, and needs to be fleshed out by a more or less  
complex study bearing on the technical, economic and financial  
aspects before a proper project dossier is completed, ready for  
financing.
In its Brussels resolution the ACP-EEC Council stressed the  
importance of this point, agreeing "on the need for increased  
assistance to help the ACP States, particularly the least developed  
countries, to define and prepare projects or action programmes for  
submission for Community financing."

-  10  -
Aid for project preparation exists, and has worked well, particularly
for the least-developed countries, since as we have seen the average
commitment of indicative programmes for the ACP States as a whole was
52% at 31 December 1983, but higher for the Least-developed, landlocked  
(1)and island states.  Such aid comes essentially in two  
(complementary) forms: help from the Commission delegates, and the  
services of experts or consultancies.
Delegates :  it is explicitly stated in Article 123(2)(f) of the
Convention that delegates shall "participate in the preparation and  
negotiation of service contracts", and naturally the ACP  
authorities can always count on that assistance, which varies,  
according the wishes of those authorities themselves, from full  
collaboration (joint drafting of the terms of reference for contracts  
and participation in negotiations) to a greater or lesser degree  
of consultation.
Experts and consultancies:  here the ACP State itself chooses the
provider of these services from a short list submitted by the  
Commission, and also negotiates the contract.
(1) It is interesting to note than more than three quarters of
the EDF technical co-operation personnel are imployed in these  
states. (See Table XI).

- . 1 1  -
The help given by the Community to its partners, when they so request,  
with the identification and preparation of projects therefore seems  
to have been effective. Initially, efforts were made, naturally  
enough, to get what were regarded as priority operations under way  
as quickly and economically as possible. As a result,projects were  
sometimes appraised and approved purely on their individual merits,  
without being sufficiently related to the broader context.
Inevitably, these projects have had only a limited impact, with  
little or no wider influence on the sector concerned. They are,  
as they have been evocatively described, "cathedrals in the desert".
The trouble is that here we have two distinct, if not conflicting,  
imperatives: the need for rapid commitment of the available funds,  
both in response to the situation on the ground and to avoid the  
ravages of inflation, and the importance of seeing that the  
operations supported actually contribute to the implementation  
of a sectoral policy aimed at self-reliant and self-sustaining  
development or, in the words of Article 92 of the Convention,  
at fostering "the sustained and harmonious growth of the  
ACP States' economies". It is undoubtedly no easy task to  
reconcile these two imperatives, but it must be done if the project  
is to play its proper role in the development process as a whole.

-12 -
3. Drawing up and signature of financing agreements
In 1983, 128 financing agreements worth a total of 528.3m ECU were 
signed under the fifth EDF, just over one every three days. The  
number of agreements was therefore slightly up on the 1982 figure 
of 124, while the value was slightly down (585m ECU in 1982),  a 
logical consequence of the decline in the value of commitments.
Most of the agreements were for grant-financed operations:
108 in all, worth 361.8m ECU. Seven special loan financing  
agreements were signed (24.2m ECU), and the remaining thirteen  
were for combined grant/loan operations (73.4m ECU worth of grants  
and 68.9m ECU worth of loans). (Note again the increase in  
special loan financings.)
The year also saw an end to commitments under the fourth EDF proper,  
with only four agreements signed in 1983, for a total of 24.5m ECU. 
Noteworthy, however, is the effective combined use made of the  
two Funds, a considerable sum of fourth EDF money - over 44m ECU - 
being mixed with fifth EDF resources in nine agreements. This  
is a further proof of the practical flexibility of the EDF.
Most financing agreements are signed within a period of from one  
month to three-and-a-ha If months. As the ACP-EEC Council has  
already pointed out, it is eminently desirable that financing  
agreements, on whose conclusion the actual implementation of the  
projects and programmes depends, should be drawn up and signed as  
quickly as possible. The Commission for its part took measures  
at the end of 1983, including staff increases, to see that this  
was done.

_ 13
CHAPTER II:  IMPLEMENTATION
' I.  Invitations to tender,, contracts
In its Libreville Resolution (14 May 1982) the Council of Ministers  
showed interest in the practice adopted by the Community of issuing  
invitations to tender before the financing decision has been taken.
In its Brussels Resolution, the Council of Ministers drew the  
parties1 attention in particular to the need to avoid unnecessary  
delays in this regard.
This advance issue of invitations to tender procedure is intended  
mainly to avoid such delays and thereby enable operations to commence  
more swiftly and the contract to be awarded immediately after the  
signing of the financing agreement. This practice is tending to  
become more and more common, with the number of what may be termed  
"advance" invitations to tender amounting of a fifth of the total  
in 1982 and almost a quarter in 1983. During 1983, the procedure  
(fourth and fifth EDFs together) was applied to 31 international  
invitations to tender representing in aggregate 124m ECU,  
i.e. respectively 24% of the number and 46% of the value of the  
invitations to tender issued during that year.
Among the reasons justifying the advance issue of invitations to  
tender, the urgency (of the works or supplies in question) is a  
more compelling reason than the financial sum involved. The  
urgency may be as great for a small invitation to tender as for a  
large one; such is the case, for example, with fertilizers which  
must be supplied at the right time if a crop season is not to be  
wasted. The advance invitation to tender procedure also makes  
it possible to limit or even eliminate the risks of an overrun,  
which is a particularly important point in a period of inflation.

- 14 -
It also makes for better coordination with other donors applying the 
same rule. It would seem clear therefore that the advance issue 
of an invitation to tender offers considerable advantages and 
constitutes a substantial procedural improvement.
The practice involves, however, certain strict constraints. The 
advance issue of an invitation to tender may be considered only 
where the technical and administrative preparation of the document 
is thorough and of good quality. Furthermore, a rigorous 
timetable muse be observed if the financing decision and signing 
of the financing agreement are to take place within the period of 
validity of the tender. The invitation must, therefore, be issued 
neither too soon nor too late.
During 1983, 109 international in  
under the fifth EDF, representing  
as follows:
Works
Supplies
Studies
Totalitations to tender were issued  
a total sum of 241 012 000 ECU,
Number Amount (ECU)
16 103 185 000
91 129 827 000
2 8 000 000
109 241 012 000
By comparison with the previous year, these figures show a marked  
increase in the number of invitations to tender (up 60%) and a 
slight reduction in their value (down 17%); this reduction is  
observed particularly in the case of works contracts (down 34%), 
whereas the increase in number is accounted for by supply contracts  
(up 75%), the total value of which is virtually the same as the  
previous year's. Such trends indicate that the projects put out  
to tender are individually smaller than in the past, which is a sign  
of the fifth EDF having reached normal operation, as evidenced by  
the undertaking of smaller-scale works and the supply of small and  
medium-scale equipment.

Under the fourth EDF, 21 invitations to tender worth a total of  
30m ECU were issued in 1983. As with the financing agreements,  
these figures mark the completion of commitments under this Fund.
2. Payments and accounting procedures
In its Brussels resolution the Council of Ministers "recommends  
that both parties take measures designed to ensure a speedy payment  
system by seeing to it that formalities and administrative  
procedures are reduced to the minimum compatible with ... sound  
financial management."
As instructed by the Council of Ministers, the Article 108 Committee  
reviewed measures taken in 1982 and 1983, all of them aimed at  
cutting red tape. Some indeed go beyond simple procedural  
streamlining, and eliminate certain requirements altogether.
Up to 60% of supply contracts can now be paid in advance, for  
instance. Until 1982, the down payment to suppliers which  
accompanied the placing of the order was limited to 30% of the  
contract value; that has now been doubled. Another change is  
that contractors working on projects financed by EDF special loans  
can now be paid direct. There was a considerable increase in  
such operations in 1983, and the new system, dating from May 1983, 
brings the payment procedures into line with those in force for  
grant-financed projects. Until then, contractors on projects  
financed by special loan had to apply for payment to the actual  
borrower, who relayed their application to the Commission, and

this two-stage procedure caused certain delays- Contractors 
can now, always provided they have the approval of the ACP State 
concerned, obtain payment from the Commission direct; otherwise 
the old system still applies. The Commission delegates have 
been instructed to notify ACP government authorities about this 
new faci lity.
There has also been streamlining at the purely procedural level.  
From now on both authorizing and accounting departments will be  
using a single payments form, on which all the necessary  
information will be entered. This standardized presentation  
will not only speed matters up considerably, but facilitate both  
electronic data-processing and accountancy procedures, thus helping  
the Directorate-General for Development to cope with the increase  
in its workload; the number of payment operations rose from  
2 500 worth 208m ECU in 1975 to some 12 000 (700m ECU) in 1982.
Again, provided the Commission delegate has checked that both  
performance and payments are in order, the procedure for approval  
of payment orders is now considerably simplified. Forms no  
longer have to go back to Brussels, which should speed things  
up quite a bit.
The Article 108 Committee has reacted most favourably to these  
measures by the Commission.
NB. Payments in 1983 totalled over 800m ECU.

- 17
3. Start-up; operation and maintenance
These two points were dealt with in the Brussels resolution in that order,
i.e. in chronological order. At this stage we are no longer
talking strictly about execution, since clearly once the project
is commissioned it is physically "finished". Nevertheless,
thee are points which are linked closely to, and indeed in a sense
precede, execution, given that the operation and longevity of
a project should be taken into consideration from the design stage,
•1and some observers feel that they in fact pose greater problems  
than identification, appraisal or even execution.
With regard to the first point, start-up, the Council of Ministers  
recommended that the ACP States set up in good time "the administrative,  
technical or financial structures essential for the starting up  
of the projects or action programmes". Community support may  
be called for, and is provided, here as elsewhere, in the form  
of money to finance technical assistance or help from the  
delegations to government authorities.
Court of Auditors' report for 1981 (0J  C 344, 31.12.1982, p. 123).

The second point - maintenance proper - was discussed! fto#
Article 108 Committee's technical working party in connect  
with programme aid. The working party referred to the c®nictLiu®îï<Sitî®  
adopted by the Council of the European Communities on 
3 December 1982, setting out the purpose of maintenance assistance 
(the maintenance of productive capacity) and the rules for granting  
it - there must be a legal basis, and the aid must be limited  
in time and degressive. Maintenance assistance raises problems 
both practical and of principle, with which both ACP and Community 
authorities are familiar; they have been discussed repeatedly,  
inter alia in the Commission's report on operations in 1982.
The crux of the matter is whether, since available funds are bound  
to be limited, maintenance assistance can only be provided at  
the expense of new projects. There were no major new developments  
in 1983, and the Commission agrees with the Article 108 Committee's  
technical working party that this highly important policy matter  
should be discussed at ministerial level.

19 -
CHAPTER III: OPERATIONS BY SECTOR  
1. Industrialization and energy
Commitments in this sector for 1983 approached 220m ECU, a full  
third below the 1982 total of 330m ECU. Note that there were  
no Sysmin financings in the mining sector in 1983, whereas  
major operations had been undertaken in the previous year in  
Zambia (55m ECU) and Zaire (40m ECU).
However, the slump in 1982, which continued for a number of minera  
into 1983, has led to four new applications being submitted:  
by Guyana, badly affected by the worldwide problems of the  
bauxite industry, Rwanda (tin), Zaire and Zambia (both for copper)
In spite of the fall in commitments in 1983, industrialization  
and energy, accounting for almost a quarter of the year's total  
financing operations, ranked second in order of importance among  
the sectors; over the whole period of the Convention to date,  
indeed, this sector heads the list with a cumulative 30% of the  
total funding.

-  20  -
Five operations totalling almost 10m ECU were, however, financed in  
the mining sector (classed in the statistics as "extractive  
industries") from EIB-administered risk capital; they accounted  
for 7% of the EIB's operations. Of that, 6m ECU will go towards  
the reconstruction and modernization of a mine in south-west Ghana;  
the rest was used to finance studies concerned with the  
identification or possible working of deposits in Gabon (iron),  
Congo (tar sands), Senegal (gold) and Sudan (mining and  
extractive industries generally). Commission grant-financed  
operations totalled 5.4m ECU.-.
Industry proper accounted for 52% of EIB financing operations  
(including global loans) in 1983, a total of almost 70m ECU.
The falling off in the level of commitments noted in 1982 was more  
marked in 1983. The EIB had difficulty in identifying openings  
for direct capital financing in industry for a variety of  
reasons. One is that once the most obvious industrial  
investment projects have been undertaken, viable import  
substitution schemes become increasingly thin on the ground,  
while projects aimed at setting up export industries based on the  
processing of local resources are currently stalled by the  
slackness of demand. These problems have been exacerbated by  
the world recession in the last few years, particularly for  
industries which would be competing with those in industrialized  
count ri es.

-  21
One of the salient features of 1983 was the continuation for the  
second year running of the increase in the proportion of the money  
(42% of all financings) going to development banks to fund small  
or medium-sized, mainly industrial, businesses.
In 1983 the EIB undertook ten operations channelling a total of  
56.9m ECU towards various development banks, 50m ECU in the form  
of four loans on the EIB's own resources, at subsidized rates of  
interest, and the remaining 6.9m ECU in the form of six risk  
capital operations. The loans went to financial institutions in  
Botswana, Congo, Nigeria and Belize; the risk capital operations  
were of varying kinds, with three global loans to development banks  
in Djibouti, Rwanda and East Africa (regional), two loans to  
governments (Zimbabwe and Belize) to enable them to acquire or  
increase their stakes in development banks, and one operation  
consisting of the acquisition by the EIB on behalf and at the risk  
of the Community of a stake in the equity of the  
Zimbabwe development bank.
Almost 20m ECU was used under current global loans in 1983 to  
undertake fifty-one investments in small businesses, mainly in  
manufacturing (36 operations, totalling 16.8m ECU).
The EIB accorded direct loans worth a total of 12.5m ECU (9.5% of  
total financing operations) to an agro-industria l  project in  
Madagascar (fisheries), a textile mill in the Central African Republ  
and a clinker plant in West Africa.

-  22
In all, these individual operations and the investment under global  
loans should contribute to the creation and the stabilisation of about  
10.000 jobs.
Financing operations in the industrial sector from Commission-  
administered resources were worth a total 15m ECU. The manufacturing  
projects funded in seven ACP States were all in agro-industry (tea,  
oilseeds and oleaginous fruit, maize, leather, textiles), a clear  
reflection of the priorities of the countries concerned.
Operations undertaken on behalf of small and medium-sized  
enterprises took the form of either credit lines or the provision  
of back-up and technical cooperation services. But they were on  
a small scale, indicating that the ACP States did not regard this  
as an area of great priority. Yet SME usually prove highly  
beneficial to the cause of development and economic independence.
They generate jobs, added value and savings, allow import  
substitution and foster the geographical spread and sectoral  
diversification of idustry, and ought surely to be given greater  
encouragement and financial support in future.
Finance for industry from the EDF is also channelled through the
Centre for industrial Development (CID), to the tune of
6.04m ECU in 1983. The CID has now attained its "cruising speed".
In the energy sector, financings totalled 116.1m ECU in 1983,  
compared with 84.7m ECU in 1982, an increase of more than 30%.

_ 23 -
EiB operations in the sector were worth 28m ECU, 21% of total  
financing. It granted a 25m ECU loan to Cameroon for two 48 MW  
turbogenerator sets for the Song-Loulou hydro-electric power  
station, and a 3m ECU risk capital operation in Malawi will be used  
to finance the installation of a fourth 20 MW generator at the  
Nkula Falls power station. The two projects, once they are in  
full operation, will benefit these countries1  oil balance of trade  
to the tune of some 220 000 tonnes a year, via imports saved and  
additional exports. Adding that to the other projects financed  
since the start of the first Lomé Convention in 1976, we arrive at  
a positive contribution of some 1.9m tonnes of oil-equivalent a  
year, approximately 6.5% of total ACP imports of petroleum products  
in 1982.
Commission operations in the energy sector (referred to in the  
statistical annexes as projects with an "energy bias") totalled  
88.1m ECU in 1933, more than doub le the previous year's figure.
Over 90% of that went on large-scale hydro-electrification schemes.  
Such projects are undoubtedly of value, but opting for them has  
perhaps led to a slackening of earlier efforts to promote new  
and renewable energy sources; operations in that field totalled  
less than 3m ECU compared with over 6m ECU in 1982. There is  
cause for satisfaction, on the other hand, in the inauguration of  
a fossil fuel development project, with a grant of 600 000 ECU.

_ 24
In addition to commitments in 1983 under the Lomé Convention, the  
Commission financed a number of energy schemes and studies in 1982  
from the general budget. The largest of these operations, worth  
1.1 r n  ECU, was for Rwanda and Burundi; the money will go towards  
an R&D programme concerned with cellulose materials. Niger also  
got technical assistance for the development of a fuelwood strategy  
and the promotion of improved portable stoves. Energy operations  
financed out of the Community budget for ACP States since 1981 will  
be worth a total of almost 7m ECU by the end of this year.
2. Rural development
Commitments in the rural development sector totalled 152.8m ECU in  
1983, compared with 355.2m ECU in 1982, a drop of 57%.
Nevertheless, with financing of 582.3m ECU over the lifetime of the  
Convention so far (21.3% of the total), it still takes second place  
in the sectoral ratings. And most important of all, it still  
accounts for 39.2% of the indicative programmes, so it is bound  
to be up to that percentage by the end of the execution period.  
Therefore, the fact that a high level of commitment one year is  
followed by a decline the next is purely contingent, a result of  
the difficulties inherent in preparing rural development projects,  
particularly the larger ones.

- 25
Over two-thirds of the money for rural development under Lomé II  
will be spent on operations geared mainly to food production. This  
is the continuation of a tendency discernible under the first  
Convention, although initially there had been a preference for  
cash crops. The present trend answers a clear need in Africa,  
where the food situation has been deteriorating from the west coast  
through the Sahel region and East Africa down to the southern part  
of the continent.
While this emphasis on food crops is a response to a need, the  
distinction between food crops and cash crops is not as hard and fast  
as one might imagine. An example from the year under review is  
the Commission-financed 10.3m ECU project which forms part of  
Ivory Coast's second Palm Plan. Nearly 13 000 hectares of  
oil palms are to be planted, replacing or extending existing  
plantations, over a three-year period, the first phase of a  
15-year plan covering 95 000 hectares in all. There is a  
continuation of a vast undertaking started in 1963 with considerable 
financial support from the Community and elsewhere, which can be  
regarded as an archetypal cash crop scheme. It involves  
100 000 hectares of palms, 13 oil mills, and 15 000 workers, and  
was intended originally to serve export markets. Today, however,  
an increasing proportion of the output is consumed locally, and  
the huge agro-industrial complex, including its village  
plantations, is making a contribution to self-sufficiency in  
food.

- 26 -
This is a crucial point. The ACP States and the Community are well  
aware of it, and have endeavoured not only to make use of the full  
potential of the Convention but to harness additional resources from  
the Community budget.
1In 1983 the Community gave support to food strategies in four  
countries, Kenya, Mali, Rwanda and Zambia. Machinery and  
procedures for coordination with these countries are being set up,  
and technical studies have been put in hand which will serve as  
a basis for implementation of the strategies; this work can be  
regarded as the "infrastructure" for the strategies. At the  
same time, more substantive measures have been taken; indicative  
programmes have been brought into line with the strategies, and  
counterpart funds generated by food aid operations or Stabex  
transfers have also been applied to this end - in Kenya,
Stabex funds have been used to support the National Cereals and  
Produce Board.
Under the 50m ECU special programme to combat hunger in the world,  
also financed from the Community budget, 34m ECU went to ACP States.  
This money is intended to finance two types of operation:
For the World Food Council's definition of food strategies,  
see Annex VII to the ACP-EEC Council Secretariat's document  
No 16/84 (ACP-EEC 108).

_ 27 -
measures to help increase food self-sufficiency in eight  
ACP States (this mainly involves back-up aid which will be  
used to purchase agricultural inputs and tools to enable  
farmers to step up food production and improve processing  
and marketing arrangements);
"thematic" campaigns aimed at the conservation of natural  
resources; in particular, measures to control desertification  
and economize on the use of fuelwood. These operations  
are mainly concentrated in the Sahel region, and take the  
form of studies, inventories and the exchange and dissemination  
of information about desertification, and reafforestation  
programmes.
At the end of 1983 the European Parliament voted an additional  
58m ECU for the continuation of the special world hunger programme 
(aimed particularly, in accordance with the ACP-EEC
Consultative Assembly's resolution of 23 September 1983, at combating  
drought in the Sahel region).
The ACP States continue to show enthusiasm for livestock projects,  
with financings totalling 13.8m ECU in 1983 and over 52.8m ECU  
since the Convention's entry into force. The emphasis on this  
sector is justified by the recrudescence on a large scale in Africa  
of contagious livestock diseases, not only rinderpest but tsetse  
fly-borne diseases as well.

28 -
The Commission has therefore financed vaccination campaigns in a  
number of countries, but is convinced that such ad hoc operations,  
though necessary, are not enough by themselves. Only a properly-  
funded long-term policy coordinated at regional level can eradicate  
these diseases, and the Commission is pressing for such a policy  
to be adopted by other aid donors too.
Also popular are measures to help small livestock producers and  
their families, and to encourage mixed farming and the use of  
animal traction in agriculture.
It was with reference to livestock farming, and in particular  
the question of meat prices, that the Council of Ministers meeting  
in Brussels tackled the issue of agricultural prices. The  
Article 108 technical working party has gone into this tricky  
but important question in detail; its findings clearly indicate  
that there is still a long way to go before it is settled.
The year under review saw an important development in the fisheries  
field. In November 1983, the fisheries ministers of the  
Gulf of Guinea countries - Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome  
and Principe, Zaire and Congo - met for the first time in  
Libreville to set up a regional board to manage fisheries resources.  
The meeting, financed by the Community, formed the natural sequel  
to a regional project on the evaluation of the Gulf's fishery  
resources financed from fourth EDF regional funds, and 1985 may  
see the signing of an "Intel— State Convention" on resource  
management and the definition of a regional fisheries project.

29 -
Regional cooperation is vital in the management and exploitation  
of fish stocks, since fish naturally ignore inter-national frontiers.  
Similar operations launched this year include measures to develop 
commercial tuna fishing in the Indian Ocean and fisheries resources  
in Lake Victoria. Operations are also planned for the Pacific  
ana the Caribbean.
At the national level a number of projects to improve artisanal  
fishing were approved in 1983, including those in Sierra Leone  
and Gabon. The Sierra Leone project is especially interesting  
in that it represents an experimental attempt to introduce more  
suitable forms of propulsion for small fishing boats; fuel for  
motorized pirogues currently accounts for at least 60% of recurrent  
operating costs.
3. Transport and communications
An adequate transport system is often a precondition for projects  
in other sectors, particularly in agriculture. It is hardly  
surprising, therefore, that many ACP States are keen on projects  
designed to build up an efficient, rapid transport system.
The trend is clearly marked for 1983, when this sector clocked  
up more commitments than any other: over 250m ECU, nearly 30%  
of the year's total and 123% up on the previous year.

- 30 -
We saw a similar swing for rural development (in that case, in  
the opposite direction), and we should not conclude that the  
transport sector has moved permanently into the lead. While  
it attracted a particularly high level of commitments in 1983,  
it accounts for only 16.7% of commitments over the lifetime of  
the Convention to date. Again, therefore, we see that while  
a yearly report can give an accurate reading of the state of  
financial and technical cooperation at any one moment it cannot  
provide a forecast of achievements over the whole period.
Nevertheless, the transport sector remains crucial, and within  
it, surface transport projects are overwhelmingly predominant,  
accounting for over 200m out of the 250m ECU. Transport projects  
are often too large to be undertaken other than by co-financing.
In Cameroon, for instance, the Community is involved in the  
upgradingcf the transport system in the Douala-Yaounde corridor;  
in addition to the road-building operations, including the building  
of a bridge over the Dibamba to which the EOF is contributing 
10 300 000 ECU, there is the work on modernization of the final  
Eseka-Maloume section of the Transcameroon railway, to which the  
Community is contributing 12 200 000 ECU.
There are two difficulties facing road schemes, which are not  
specific to the sector but are nevertheless of particular  
importance: high construction costs on the one hand and maintenance  
and repair problems on the other. These difficulties are nothing  
new; the problems of maintenance were referred to both in the

- 31 -
1982 annual report (pp. 20-21), and by the Council of Ministers  
itself in the Brussels resolution. Neither is the high cost  
of road-building a recent discovery, or the reasons for it, the  
main one being that it is closely linked to the price of petroleum  
products: fuel for the heavy earth-moving equipment and vehicles  
to transport soil and other materials, bitumen for surfacing,  
etc. Formerly, however, the cost escalation was, not surprisingly,  
less marked near the coast than in the interior, where it was  
a long and difficult business to get supplies to the site of the  
works. Now, costs are rising everywhere, a trend which, if it  
continues, must give cause for concern. The cost of an ordinary  
asphalted road in a coastal country was put at 185-000 ECO a kilometre  
in 1980/81; by the beginning of this year it was up to  
320 000 ECU. It looks as though externally-caused cost escalation  
provoked by rising fuel prices is being exacerbated by "inbuilt"  
inflationary factors, and in particular the tendency of contractors  
to cover themselves against alt conceivable financial and other  
types of risk. It is noteworthy that disputes in this field
are more frequent and serious than elsewhere.
The members of the Article 108 technical working party rightly  
pointed out in connection with their review of transport and  
communication problems that the priority accorded to operations  
in a given sector has to be weighed against thc-ir cost; a  
particularly costly scheme can only be carried out at the expense  
of other necessary projects. There is a corollary to this:

the amount of money devoted to any sector is not in itself a sure  
indication of that sector's importance for the development process.  
Nor, luckily, is it a sure indication to the contrary! It simply  
shows us that there are hard choices to be made.
A number of non-surface transport operations were financed during  
the year under review. The Leeward Islands Air Transport company  
got 5.5m ECU for ground equipment to provide better facilities  
for the planes to be purchased this year.
The EIB financed two operations in 1983 with a combined value  
of 25m ECU (18.5% of its total operations) in the field of  
telecommunications systems.
4. Social development
Financings in this sector totalled 123 m ECU in 1983, up from the  
previous year's figure of 117.5m ECU and an increase in percentage  
terms from 10.7% to 14.2% Social development covers education  
and training, health, water engineering, urban infrastructure and  
housing.

33 -
Education and training, laying the foundations for the development  
of human resources, again head the list for the sector, with  
77.3m ECU, compared with 65.6m ECU in 1982. Nineteen multiannual  
training programmes were adopted in the year under review. While  
study and training grants continue to hold an important place in  
the programmes currently under way, there is a more marked trend  
towards the provision of support tor existing local training  
establishments and departments of employment, and cooperation between  
universities in Community and ACP countries - e.g. Nigeria in 1983.  
There are now only a handful of programmes still consisting mainly  
of study and training grants. We should also bear in mind that  
many projects which are not primarily training operations do contain  
a training component, often technical assistance-based. The  
Article 108 Committee's technical working party noted serious problems  
in this connection - the technical assistants tend to replace rather  
than train local staff - but work in this field was generally thought  
nevertheless to be heading in the right direction.
In contrast to 1982, when little in the way of education  
infrastructure was financed, financing decisions were taken in the  
year under review for 23 such operations, to a total value of  
29m ECU. Nine of the financing decisions were for projects directly 
concerned with vocational training facilities in fields ranging  
from agriculture in Southern Africa to the tourist industry in Togo.  
The largest sum - 12.5m ECU - was for the faculty of veterinary  
medicine in Zimbabwe, a good example of a project with a regional  
role to play in the training of vets.

- 34 -
Urban and rural water engineering projects were worth a total of  
32.7m ECU, with ten village water supply schemes (an important step  
towards basic self-sufficiency) and eight infrastructure projects.
Commitments for health projects totalled 17m ECU. One operation  
which looks as though it will be particularly interesting is the  
reorganization of the health service in Chad. It is an example  
of extremely fruitful cooperation between the country's own  
authorities, a very dynamic NGO, Médecins sans frontières, which  
is doing all the technical assistance (thus lowering the cost of  
the TA), and the Commission, via the funds from the EDF.
5. Emergency aid  
1Earlier reports have already gone at length into emergency aid  
procedures under Article 137 of the Lomé Convention. Here we will  
simply recall that a total of 200m ECU of emergency aid was provided  
for the whole lifetime of the Convention.
In the year under review, 45 emergency aid operations were undertaken  
for a total sum of 12.7m ECU, compared with 19.1m ECU in 1982 for  
only 30 operations. Thus, while the total value was lower, the  
number of operations was up. Nineteen ACP States were beneficiaries.
See especially the 1982 report, p. 66.

- 35 -
These relief operations were mainly in response to drought (39%),  
hurricanes (22%) and other natural disasters (14%). A quarter  
of the operations addressed the ongoing problem of refugees and  
displaced persons in Africa.
Drought relief (almost 5m ECU) went to Chad, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe,  
Tanzania and Mauritius.
Emergency aid operations are of course implemented by government  
authorities, but also with the help of international and non­
governmental organizations.
Most operations are set in train within a few days of the application  
being submitted, in other words well within the six months' limit  
set oy the Convention.
Stabex
Stabex does not, strictly speaking, come under the heading of financial  
and technical cooperation. Stabex transfers are nonetheless also  
financial flows beneficial to the economy of ACP States, and the  
operation of the system is therefore generally reviewed briefly  
in the annual management report to the Council of Ministers.

36
Payments in 1983 in respect of claims for 1982 totalled 103.2m ECU.
As only 89.4m ECU was actually available for that year (the 
111.7m ECU yearly instalment, minus 22.3m ECU carried forward, 
with the approval of the Council of Ministers, to be used against 
claims for 1981), the Commission went to the Committee of Ambassadors 
for authorization to bring forward 13.8m ECU from the 1983 
instalment. It was thus possible this time to pay all justified 
claims in full.
The Commission has been reviewing reports submitted by ACP States 
on the utilization of transfers in respect of claims for 1980 
and 1981. For both those years, it was found that the Commission 
had received only a third of the reports required under 
Article 41(3) of the Convention. Apparently a considerable 
number of ACP States fail to make the connection between the timely 
preparation of reports and the credibility of the system. This 
is an important problem, which should be brought to the attention 
of the relevant authorities.
From the reports the Commission did receive it was found that 
in the vast majority of cases the funds had been used for purposes 
wholly compatible with the aims of the system as laid down in 
the Convention, going either to agricultural projects designed 
to increase, restore or diversify productive potential or to measures 
to support producer prices.

37 -
CHAPTER IV: IMPLEMENTATION OF SPECIFIC CONVENTION PROVISIONS
1. Measures to help the least-developed, Landlocked or island
ACP States
In its Brussels resolution of 20 May 1983, the Council of Ministers 
re-affirmed the need for special treatment to be accorded to the 
least developed ACP States, and for special measures in favour 
of the landlocked and island states.
"Special treatment" for the least-developed ACP countries 
essentially comes under the heading of financial and technical 
cooperation, affecting, for instance, the amounts of funds which 
they are allocated. When the EDF programmable resources were 
being divided up, special criteria were applied to give least 
developed states preferential treatment.
Landlocked and island states get special treatment under Stabex, 
where they are treated on the same footing as least developed 
countries, and in the industrial cooperation field.
When the allocations for the indicative programmes were finally 
fixed, total programmable resources going to least-developed, 
landlocked or island states amounted to 1  908.6m ECU, as against 
605.1m ECU tor all other ACP States. The countries in the former 
group are therefore getting 76% of total indicative programme 
resources; twice as much per capita, on average, as the others.

38 -
Note that this money is available on particularly "soft" terms; 
most of it is in the form either of grants,or, in certain appropriate 
cases, of special loans or risk capital.
At 31 December 1983 commitments of EDF resources for least-developed, 
Landlocked or island ACP States had reached 1  018.1m ECU, 53% 
of their indicative programmes. The corresponding figure for 
the other ACP States at that date was 48%.
At end 1983 commitments for least-developed, landlocked and island 
states of EDF resources as a whole (not only the programmable 
resources, but also Stabex, interest rate subsidies, risk capital 
and emergency aid) stood at 1  430.5m ECU, 61.7% of the total 
2 315.6m ECU. In its Brussels resolution, the Council of Ministers 
noted the efforts made by the Community on behalf of least-developed, 
landlocked and island states, and called on the relevant 
ACP-EEC institutions to examine the real impact of the measures 
as soon as possible.
Between July 1982 and April 1983 the Community for its part 
responded by providing detailed information about measures taken 
under all the special Convention provisions for the countries 
concerned. Despite an invitation issued by the Community on 
29 July 1983, however, the ACP-EEC Subcommittee has not met since 
November 1982, and the ACP States have not made known their reactions 
to the information supplied by the Community.

39 _
2. Regional cooperation
In the year under review, regional cooperation made fairly good 
progress in terms of the commitment of funds; total commitments 
(including EIB subsidized loans and risk capital operations) amounted 
by the end of the year to 44% of the overall 631.5m ECU allocation, 
up from 25% at the end of 1982. , ,
Naturally, this overall figure conceals marked differences between 
regions, with the level of commitments ranging from 28% for 
East Africa to 59% for the Pacific.
In sectoral terms, of total commitments in the various regions
(not counting commitments from the 100m ECU set aside for the 
1CID, the TCA, and other general measures for the ACP as a whole)
36% were in the transport and communications sector, 26% in rural 
development, 22% in industry, energy and mines and the remaining 
16% in training and technical assistance.
CID: Centre for Industrial Development
TCA: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation.

-40 -
While there has been this encouraging progress with commitments, 
the same cannot be said of project identification, which has slowed 
down. Projects worth some 200m ECU still need to be identified. 
Reasons for the slowness of project identification include the 
complexity of the operations themselves (e.g. North and Central 
Corridor projects), the need to find cofinanciers, and the mixed 
degree of enthusiasm shown by potential beneficiaries of regional 
projects.
In order that the money for projects which are not going to be 
ready for financing under the present Convention should not be 
kept on ice indefinitely, it might become necessary to modify 
the programmes for some regions and switch to other operations 
in a more satisfactory state of preparedness, which genuinely 
address problems common to a number of ACP States.
The Commission's view is that we should be doing more in the regional 
cooperation field altogether, and going beyond the "classic" 
regional projects such as roads and dams. One area in which 
regional efforts could be stepped up is university education and 
research; national resources are almost invariably inadequate, 
and countries would benefit from joining forces.

- 41
3. Cofinancing
Pursuant to the Brussels resolution, the Article 108 Committee's 
technical working party reviewed the cofinancing situation. A 
clear consensus having been reached on the superiority of joint 
financing to parallel financing, the Committee's experts considered 
the difficulties encountered in mounting ccfinanced operations 
as a result e.g. of differences in the various financing bodies' 
rules and procedures. The efforts already being made to achieve 
greater standardization have produced encouraging results, and 
will continue.
In 1983 eighteen projects were cofinanced; the total fifth EDF 
input was 124m ECU, making 382m ECU in all since the entry into 
force of the Convention - a quarter of the programmable resources 
committed by end 1983. Adding to that a further 161m ECU from 
the earlier Funds we get the overall figure of 19% for EDF 
contributions to the financing of these projects.
Our main partners in projects cofinanced from EDF resources continue 
to be the Arab Funds (16%) and Community Member States (11%).
The ACP States themselves contribute 5%.
In the year under review the EIB cofinanced six projects, the 
other partners being the Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique, 
the World Bank, the Commission, the KreditanstaIt fur Wiederaufbau 
and the International Finance Corporation.

- 42 -
4. Microprojects
The Council of Ministers reaffirmed its support for microprojects 
in both the Brussels and the Libreville resolutions. At the 
Brussels meeting in particular, attention was drawn to the new 
procedures designed to speed up the implementation of microprojects 
by voting global appropraitions under Article 114(1) of the 
Convent i  on.
The Article 108 Committee's technical working party undertook 
a thorough review of the new procedures, which include indicative 
programming of microprojects. Under the old rules, each 
individual microproject had to be separately costed before it 
could be entered in an annual programme, with the danger that 
estimates might turn out to be too low by the time the decision 
on the whole programme was taken. The new system, therefore, 
whereby microprojects are approved in the form of an indicative 
programme designating sectors but not individual projects, is 
a major step in the right direction.
Despite problems inherent in the very nature of microprojects, 
scattered as they are over wide areas, they generally turn out 
to be successful provided there is sufficient local involvement.
The AC? States’  continued interest in this form of cooperation 
is reflected in the fact that financings in 1983 totalled 
18.7m ECU.

- 43 -
CHAPTER V: EVALUATION
The importance the Council of Ministers attaches to evaluation 
was shown in the resolution it adopted in Libreville in May 1982, 
referred to in the report for 1982. The Council of Ministers 
returned to this theme again, specifically in connection with 
technical assistance, in its Brussels resolution of 20 May 1983, 
at the end of which it mandated the Article 108 Committee to carry 
out an "in-depth review of the cost and quality of technical 
assistance, taking into consideration among other assessments 
the Commission's study on evaluation of such assistance, in order 
to improve the implementation of the relevant sections of the 
Convent i  on".
Towards the end of 1983 the Commission completed the preparatory 
work for a meeting of experts on this important topic to be held 
at Harare in April 1984. While the Article 108 Committee's technical 
working party managed to do a substantial amount of work on 
evaluation, as we shall see, it had to shelve for the time being 
the question of technical assistance because of the workload imposed 
on its members by the current negotiations.
The actual fieldwork for the comprehensive evaluation of operations 
in Zaire and Zambia has been completed, as has an evaluation of 
peasant education. The summary reports will be available in 
the first hall of 1984.
Towards the end of 1983 the Commission also put two more evaluation 
exercises in hand, the first on agricultural irrigation schemes 
and the second on trade promotion operations.

- 44 -
ACP and EEC experts met at Niamey from 30 May to 3 June 1983 to 
discuss road projects. They produced a set of Basic Principles 
for operations in the road infrastructure sector, plus two annexes 
with the evaluation findings and the experts' recommendations, 
which will be submitted to the Council of Ministers at its meeting 
in May 1984.
The Commission has continued to take part in the work of the group 
of experts on evaluation set up within the OECD's Development 
Assistance Committee in Paris. The group deals with questions 
of methodology and has started work on a report on the practical 
lessons to be learned from evaluation findings to date.
Following an earlier ministerial-level decision by the 
Article 108 Committee to deal systematically with all issues relati 
to evaluation, a meeting of the Committee at authorized 
representative level set up a technical working party to prepare 
its future deliberations on ex post evaluation.
The working party met several times towards the end of 1983 and 
early in 1984, taking as its basis proposals from ACP States and 
the Community. It produced four documents:
a draft resolution on improvements to the ex post evaluation 
system;
a draft report on the application of basic principles in two 
sectors, health and the provision of drinking water;
a draft report on the basic principles in the education and 
training sector;
a draft resolution on the basic principles for road infrastructu

Breakdown by country and sector of commitment in 1"03 ^t> FPF and FTR ordinary loans)
(mill ion FH’1
Landlocked ACP
Zambia
ZimbaDwe
and island
Bahamas 
Barbados  
Fiji 
Jamaica 
■'adaqascar  
Mauritius 1
r ’ apua ttew Guinea j  
Trinidad & Tobaqq
Other ACP States
Cameroon
?ongo
ivory Coast  
3abon 
'hana 
"uyana 
■  enya 
.iberia Nigeria 
Senegal 
'Uriname 
'aire
Regional
iid3, 1 
5,0 
0,9
29,4
5.0
7, 4
2,6
6.0 
1,0 
0 ,3  0 ,  1
45,1
1,7
0 ,  1
93,7
30,0
219,32,1
7,7
0,9
0,1
1,43,7
2,3
1,6
0,24,0
13,7
6,30,7
10,4
0,4
5.3
3.40,1
0,4
0 ,  1  
0 ,  12,5
24,1
7,61.3
13,4
0,1
2,2
4,0
6.4
1.7
4,3
2.7 
17,0
53,1
8,1
152,80,6 i  4,0 I  24,9 0,1
17,9
23,50,4
0,2 0,8
1,7
0,7;  1,2 1.0 
17,1 
t  5,7
i
26,0 ;  10,00,2
67,4
251,135,9
11,5
127,0 7,12,5
12,731,2
31,2
103,20 ,2
0,4
0,2-Development of product ion Economic iSocial Trade Finer-
Tndustria- Pural struc- develop- promo- qencv Stabex r,tber Total \
lization Svsmin Tourism produc- ture ment tion aid i
tion fl )j
—
Least developed
acp States
Antigua and
"•arbuda
Pel i ?.e 7,67,6
;,enin 3,8 3, s 0,7 1 ,10,4 ?,7 0, R 12,5
Botswana 4,7 1,6 0,7 o, : > 6,7
nurundi 1  7, s 0,7 9,0 4,6 0, 7 27,5
•"ape Verde -  ;
Central Afr.Fep. c , 10,6 3,0 ,  7 70,4 '
Comoros 0,7 ,  1 1,3*
njibouti n. 1  6 ],7i
Pom ini rae 0,1 7,3 ?,4 i
Fthi opia V> a 0,7 7,3 35, S
Gambia n, * > 0, 3 0, Q 7,3 2,0
Grenada 0,2 0,3 ,  f 2,1
Guinea n, 7 5,1 0,3 0, 1 5,7
Guinea Pissau0,4 0,5 0,o
^ciuatorial0,8Guinea o, * > 0, 0,1 0,1 0,3
Upper-Volta 10, 3 14,8 1,5 ; 1,0 0,2 27,8
Kiribati ] 0,1 0,2 0,3 1,0 1,6
Lesocho 0,1 0,7 0, 7 1,5
Malawi 3,1 0,7 31,3 3,8 -0,2 2,71  0,4 41,8
Ma 1 i ! 0,3 9,6 7,4 1 3,5 ! 20,8
Mauri tania i  1.55,0 0,3 j 6,8
Miger 0, 5 0,5 5,3 1 j  6,3
Uganda 0,1 14,7 5,8 i 0,6 0,6 22,0
Rwanda f  0,8 | 1,9 17,9 0,3 : 20,9
st. Lucia ;  i 0,3 0,2 0,21 |  0,7
St.Vincent & j !
Grenad ines 0,4 0,4
1,0 '  1,7 ! 2,7
i.ii.ter:. Samoa 0,6 0,1 0, 2!  1.4 2,3
Sao Tome and | !i
Principe 0,4 1,1 1  2,7i i - i
Seycliel les 0,4 2.4 ] 2,8
Sierra Leone 1,0 0,3 0,1 6,3 { ! 7,7
Somalia n , i 0, 3 !  0,4
Sudan 1  .  3 20,8 7,0 1  0,3 :  29,3
Swazi 1  and 0,4 9,o ; : 3,1 ;  ,12,5
Tanzania 1  ' 0,3 0,7 0, 2 0, 3 0,4 ' 1,9
Chad 5,1 5,7 ; 0,7 3,6 \ ;  15,1
Togo ’ 0, 1 3,6 1,1 ; 4,6 0,2 0, 1 7,1 1  o, 1 i 16,9
Tonga 1 1  i 2,7 1 ,  2.7
Tuvalu 0,1 I 0,1
Vanuatu 1 1,6 !1,6
TOTAL : S l, 6  ;
J---- \—' 3
,6 ;  71,6t
107,8 59,4 1,2 , 6,21  4 / ,  12,9
1376,6
2 ,6
42,4
0,9 1 
0,3 '
9.5 :
6,8 I
26,4 ' 
0,9 i 32,1 ;1.6 ’
123, 1
49,
28,
16,2 ,
41,
5,
6,  
2,
62,
12,
2,
53,
1,0  
3,6
7,6104,7
892,4
1) Transferts carried out for 1982.
*n amount of 17.000.000 ECU from Stabex resources has been committed for development projects and has therefore  
lot been included in the Stabex column.

TABLE IT.A :  Breakdown of commitments in 1983 by sector and method of finaneing
(ANNUAL) (  m i l l  i o n  f ; C T j )
Development of  
product ion
1. Industrialisation
Genera 1 15,5
Extractive industries 5,4
Metal industries 0,1
Manu facturing
industries 0,2
Agricultorn 1 and
food industries 1,4
Projects wi tli
energy bias 37,7
Hand lornf t 0,6
Tour i  sin 11,6
Rural production
General 8,2
Plantat ions 12,4
Hydro-agricn1tura1
schemes 2,4
Agriculture 40, 1
Credit k marketing
cooperatives 0, 3
Stock farming 10, 2
F isheries 4,6
Forests 0,6
Micro-projects and
other 18,7
Integrated projects i
with agricult, bias i  14,3
II.  Economic Infrustructure
4. Transports &  
communications
Genera 1
Roads & Bridqes  
Railways
Ports f . inland  
waterways  
Airports
Telecommunications
flT. Social Development
s. Education and  
Training
Genera)
Education  
infrast ructure  
specific projects  
vocationsi trainina  
and provision of  
instructors  
study A trainina  
arants
A. Health
General
Infrastructures  
Health campaigns  
and technical  
coop^rat ion
7* engineering,
housing i urban  
i n f rastruct vVre
Vi 1  1  age water  
Slipp! y 
Urban water  
supply 
Ur bar 
dr.linage  
• ’ 'own planning
[V.  Trade Promotion
/. Emergency Aid
n , Stabex
nI.Other
Information,  documen­
tation, seminars,  
planning, general  
technica)  cooperation0. 7 
140,11, 1
6,4
9,8
3.3
0,4 
?6, p
4,043,  o
2,2
P,0
17,7
7 ,4
n, 4
0, 1
7,1 
12,7
7,6Special Loans
Sysmin
0,9
50,4
15,5 
4,1
10,3
3,6
-0,5
40.8
21.9Risk
Capital
6,9
9,7
7,5
5.0
3.0EIB |
Ordinary! Total  
Loans
103,2
103,250,0
25,0
2,0
10,0 15,0383.7
219,3
72.4 
15,10, 1
7,7
7.3
116, 10,6
11,6
152.8
23.7
16.5
2.4 
58,4
0,3
13.8 
4, 1 
0 ,6
18,7
14,3
0,7
190,9
23,0
8 ,4  
9,8 
28, 3
127,0
0,4
2°,o
4 ,n  
4 3 , °
17,0
2,2
P ,0
0 ,40, 1
7, 1
12,7
103,2
7,643,0
24,6
8,11,7
0,9
0 ,8
13,0
0, 1
1,3
17,1
2.71.8
0,3
6,5
1.5 
0, 5 
0,1
2,1
1.6
0, 1  
20,3 
2,5
0,91,1
3,2
0,4
4 ,0
1,°
0 ,2
0,o
1  ,  7
1)  0,1 
0,8 
1,4 
11,6
0,9

TubLb III. A :  Financing situation IN 1983 by method of financing and oy administrative body
(Annual) (million ECU)
Total volur.
(art. 95 of the 
Convent ion)Commi tmentsTnTii
Aid administered 
by the CommissionAid administered 
by the EIB
Amount %Amount %Amount % Amount 7 .
EDF Resources A.637 87,1 744,9 100 39,0 802,4 89,9
- Grants 2.996 56,3 484,0 65,0 13,4 9,1 497,4 55,7
(of which interest 
rate subsidies (  175 ) (  3,3 ) (  13,4 ) ( 9,1 ) ( 13,4 ) ( 1,5 )
emergency aid) (  202 ) (  3,8 ) (  12,7 ) ( 1,7 ) (  12,7 ) (  1,4 )
- Special loans 518 9,7 1  57,7 21,2 157,7 17,7
- Risk capital 284 5,3 44,1 29,9 44,1 4,9
- Stabex 557 10,5 103,2 13,8 103,2 11,6
- Special financing facility 
Sysmi n 282 5,3 - - -
EIB Resources 685 12,9 90,0 61,0 90,0 10,1
- Loans from EIB resources 68 5 12,9 90,0 61,0 90,0 10,1
TOTAL 5.322 1 00 744,9 100 147,5 100 892,4 100

TAPLF T.P. - nreakdown by country and sector of commitments 'PND 19R3 (6th FDF and ftp ordinary loans)
(CTMULATTVF)(million Feu1
Development of production
!T,east Developed  
Ed’ P States
Antiqua and  
•Parbuda  
Delize 
[Pen i  n 
'Potswana  
Purundi 
Cape Verde  
Central Afr.Pep.  
Comores 
Djibouti  
nominica  
Fthiopia  Gambia 
Grenada 
Guinea
Guinea Pissau  
Fouatori al  
[Guinea ____„_Tn
dust.ria-  
1iznt ion
2,6 
a , o 
23,o 
1R,P 
1
5.2 
n, 3
7.3 
1 ,n
45, s
0, 7
2.4
7.4Sysmin
3,5
t’nper-Volta  
Kiribati  
Lesotho  
Malawi 
( Mal i
[Mauritania  
Niaer 
T’ qanda 
pwanda 
Ft. Lucia  
Ft.Vincent s  
;0renadines  
iFolomon Islands  
Western Samoa  
Fao Tome & Prin- 
cipe
Seychelles 
,Sierra Leone  
Somalia 
]Sudan 
[Swaziland  ‘ Tanzania 
,Chad fnao 
”*onqa 
Tuvalu 
Vanuatuin, 3
p,5
3,;
14.0
10.0Rural
produc­
tion
0,1
3,0
10, f0,1
0,7
1,0
0,2
1,03,2
2.4 
P, 6 
0,4
20.7
1*1
O, 3
71.7
7.0 
0,2 
5,R 
°, 1
0, 1 
IP,5 
n,3 
0,11.1
31.7 
20,5
P,  4
14.4 
26, R
0,4
1,6
2 ,6
0,4
14.1
60,?
O, 4 
33,7
12.2
P, f l
0,1
3,9Fconomic
infra­
struc­
tureSocial
develop­
ment
1,1 
1,5 
9,0
IP,2 
0,3
0,9
0,3
0,1
17,0
0,2Trade
promo­
tion
31,3 
9,6 
5,5 
1Q,4 
14,R 
17,o 
1,30, 1 
0, 1
7.0
3.7 
5,3 
0 , R
3.2
0,0
1.7
0, 2
5P,  6
5,a
0,5
5.3
2,2
0,2 Vl", 7 
0,3
7.5
7.6 
11 ,  5
0,P
5,P
10.0 
e ;  Q 
0,2
2,0aenry
aid
o,9
0,7
0,4
0,40,2 
0,2 
1,0 
0,5 
0,4 
0,1 
0,5 
4,3 
0,1
0,6
0,1
0,2  :
0,3 :
3 ,1 '
3,0
0,71 1  ,0 
0,2 
3, °
7
2,o
0, P 
13,4
1, °
1  ,°
1,0 
1 ,  * 
1  ,  7 
A ,  5 
6,60,?
0,1
0, f t  j 
0,1 in, i
7.1
7 7 .0
3 3 .0  
52, o
4.2
51.7 
4, 1
5.2
7 .3  
136,4
2 7 .7
5.3
3 9 .1  j
13, P |
I
0,o 1
6R,  2 I
2.3 I 
13, Si 
51,4 j 
63,3 i 
?P,6 • 
4 ° , 4 ]
5 4 .1
63.7
3,6
3,5
1,0 1,9 2,3 6,7
0,4 0,1■0,2 A , 13,6
1 ,  1! 3.6 ; 1,1
2,5 0,2 i 4,1
0, 6 5,3 9,1 !27,o
19,0 6,4!  0,7 16,0 ‘ 2,6 47,7
7,2 3,0 0,1 2,021 ,  o 06, Q
12,6 i3 ,1 25,0
5,2 17,3 !  0,3 0,6 1 6, R 74,1
6, ? 3,7 6,2 29,3
22,7 5,7 0,2 0,1 7,1 0,2 45,0
0,3 0,1 3,4 3,3 6, 1
0,11 0.2 0,6
0,2 i 5,1
|  TOTAL
Landlocked ACP341,0
7ambia 
‘  7 i mbahwe
and islandA 7 , a 
7 0 , p
Pahamas
Rarbados 4,o
‘Fiji |  16,0
[Jamaica 9,4
Vadaqascar 7,2
^Mauritius 7,fl
,Papua New Guinea !  6],3
Trinidad & Tobaaoi °,1
!55,0 0,7
iOther ACP states
Cameroon 43,3
Conqo 5,4
Tvory Coast ]6,3
Gabon 35,0
ohann 6,1
Guyana ?,«
,Kenya ;  30,5
Liberia |  1.3
’Niqeria I  46,1
|Senega) ■  30,6
Suriname
Zaire I  14, P 140,0
1231,3
Reaiona1  
aid
TOTAL 6° 1  ,  P14,6
9,1
0,Q
1.4 
2,1 
3, P
15,6
4.5
1.6 
0,717,7
5, P 
13,7 
6,3225,0
3  1,6 
11,2
1,4
4,P
5.0
3.2
3.3
4.14,2 A,5 i  1.177,3
15,1
1P,0 
5,6 
6,f t
4.0 
74,7
2.1
0,6
27,o
7,0
17,4
17,4 5R2,3pj
1,1 i1  !
125,5
1
^ !;  o.i j 70, 5
1■
1  ,  3
2 7,0
,  6 2,R ! 2,1 '  ! 30,7
3,2 20,2
,  1 1,3 3,Q 47,7
15,6
,  3 37,Q •  | 3 10,7
j i13,o
,  0 7.7 |47, 1  ", 1, 1  i  ,  n
31,7 0,4
23,6 3,7
12,4 3 2,7
0, 6
7,0 7,0
0,5 3,4
10,0 ?,2
ip,o
?,5 12,7
7,6
26,1 11,61  ,1 
0, ] 
7,3
0,1 
1,1
116,4 67,0
70,p 77,P 17,7
44R,0 361,o 74,00,P 
1  ,° 
0,713.6 ] 
46,P 
66, P
76.6
0,3 i
0,? j  6P,1
6,7 1707,1 1,4
16,61 06,
32,
lO P,
41 ,
no.
1 1 2 ,7
56,3 |3P4,0 |  ?J,6 2.6R3,2

taplf ii.P :  Preakdovn of commitments at end by sector and method of financina
ICTIMULA^IVF)fmi11 ion FCI’l
------------------- --------- j —
Special Loans 1FTP1Grants Stabex 1 Risk Ordi narv Total
Sysmin
__________ 1Ca
pital I  .on n s
i
I.  PFVFLOPMFNT OF i 1.386,5 61,7
PRODUCTION !
3. industrialisation •7R6,P ?o T
General 47,0 4?,7 op, 5 IPO, 2 6,7
Extractive
industries 17,2 °P,0 21 ,  7 P5,0 ]9P, o 7,4
Metal industries t 0#  1
Chemical industries , 3,0 11,0 17,9
Manufacturi na
industries n 2,5 11,6 16,6 4? ,  1 1 ,6
Agricultural and
food industries 8,3 7,2 P, 6 25,2 4Q t 1  ,  n
Projects with ,
eneroy bias ! °7,7 50,4 120,0 7P7 ,  f 10,7
Infrastructure
linked with0,4industrial projects 10,0 10,0
Handicraft 0,6 0,6
2. Tourism 12,6 1
i4,8 17,4 0,7
3. Rural production ! 582,3 21,7
General 39,0 47,0 86,0 3,2
Plantations ,94,4 8,3 102,7 3,8
Hydro-aqricultural
schemes 25,9 ! 25,9 1,0
Agriculture 182,7 ;  10,3 i 193,0 7, 2
Credit and marketing j i
cooperatives 0,6 1 0,6
Stock farming 46,7 i  5.6 j 52,3 2,0
Fisheries 13,3 1 13,3 0, 5
Forests 3,4| ; 3,4 0, 1
Micro-projects |j
and other 40,8 ] 40,R 1,5
Integrated projects 1 1
with agric. bias 59,6 i  4,7i64, 3 2,4
II. ECONOMIC | ;
INFRASTRUCTURE 448,0 16,7
4. Transports andi
commun teat ions li448,0 16, 7
General 1 l[ i*  i.i1
Roads and bridqes 259,7 ,  57.1 316,8 11,0
Railways 5,0 22,7 10,0 37,7 1,4
’  Ports and inland
waterways 9, 5 !  1 4,6!  4,4 18,5 O, 7
Airports 119,9 t 19,9 0.0
Telecommunications 13,1 1  5,9 ! 1 i  10,0 1  25,0 54,0 2, :
I  III -  SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
!  5. Education and j
|  Training j
i  General j
Education
j  infrastructure
Specific projects, j
vocational training |
and provision of j
:nstructors ;
Studyand training ;
grants
6. Health
General 
Health
Infrastructure  
Health campaigns  
and technical  
cooperation
Water engineering,  
housing and urban  
infrastructure
General 
Village water  
supply 
Urban water  
supply
Urban drainage  
Town planning
IV. TRADE PROMOTION
V. EMERGENCY AID  
VI .  STABEX
VII.OTHER
Informat i  on,  documen­
tation, seminars,  
planning, general  
technica1 cooperation1,0
31,5
12,4
116,7
2,2
2 5 ,8
7,5
53.9
50,0
24.5
8.3
4.4
24.9 
56,3
21.65.0
8.0
7,5
3 8 4 , 0
255,4 '  j  95,0 384,0 1  127,7361 ,9
164,8
1,0
34,7
12,4
116,7
35,5
2,2
25,8
7 ,  r >
58, *
5R,0
32,0
8.3
4.4
24,9
56,3
384,0
21,613.6 
6,  2
1  ,  3
0,5
4,4
1  ,  3
0, 1
0,9
7 . I
1  ,  20, 1  
0,  2 
0,9
2,1
1 4 ,3
0,8

TABLEAU III B :  financing situation at end 1983 by method of financing and administrative body
(Cumulative) (Million ECU)
Tota lvolume Commi tments
(art.95 of the Total
Convention ) Aidadriini stereo Aid administered
by •the Commission by theEIB
IAmount '  j  % Amount jI%Amount1
1  Z 1i
Amount j__________J_%
EOF Resources A.637ii
j  87,1 2.ii
112,1 j100203,511
!  35,611
2.315,6 j 86,3
- Grants 2.996111
j 56,3 1 .111
377,7 j 65,2 75,8111
!  13,3■.... iii
1.453,5 | 54,2
(of which interest rate subsidies (175)J  (3,3)i11(75,8)!  (13,3) (75,8) | (2,8)
emergency aiH) (202)|  (3,8) (56,3) |
i(2,7) 111(56,3) |i(2,1)
- Spec ial loans 518!  9,7 255,4 i  |12,11111255,4 !i9,5
-Risk capi ta l 284 j 5,3111|127,7 !  22,3i127,7 j 14,8
- Stabex 557!  10,5 |384,0 j
i18,2iiii384,0 ji14,3
- Special financing facility11iiiiiiiii
Sysmi n 282[  5,3 95,0 j  |4,5 iii95,0 |  13,5
EIB Resources 685 j I b l111|367,6 j 64,4 
|367,6 | 13,7
- Loans from EIB resources 685 j 12,9111367,6 j 64,4 1367,6 ji13,7
TOTAL : 5.322j  100 
1— 1----2.1
12,1 |  
i______L10
0571,1 j  100
i_i-------2.
683,2 jii100

TABLE IV.1.A :  Sectoral summary for '1983, showing percentage oreakaown, method of financing and administrative body
(progra'T ' r "3hle  aid and Sysmin)
(ANNUAL) (million ECU)
Development of production Economicr. —i|  Social 
i  aevelop- 
!  ment
Ij
ij  Trade ! Otheri  Total
iIndust riali zat ion 
of wnic 
Sysmi nTour i  sm 
hRura l  
produc­
tionTotal“■  infra- 
struc- 
:  turepromo- 
I  tiuri
iI
i ____________(1 )(2)Il  (3) (4) (5)id to ( 5)
|I. Aid administered by the Commission I
i  - Programmable grants 50,2
-11,6119,8 181,6158,7 116,3 !  7,1 7,6 471,3
1 - Special loansii51,3 33,0 84,362,7 10,7
________Ii
i15
7,7
J  Total 101,5 11,6152,8 265,9221,4 127,0 i  7,1 ; 7,6 629,0
1  Breakdown in / 
116,1 1,924,3 42,335,2 20,2 1,1 1.2 100
!11-  Aid administered by the EIB
!j  - Loans from EIB resources 75,0 75,015,0 90,0
|  - Interest rates subsidies1 i10,7 10,7 2,7 13,4
i  t  jj  - Risk capi tal
i32,1 32,1.  12,0 44,1
!  1  
|  Total 1117,8 117,8 29,7 147,5
Breakdown in %
I79,9 79,9 j 20,1
.100
III. Grand total j219,3 11,6152,8 383,7I
251,1 127,0
7,17,6 776,5
Breakdown in X 28,2 1,519,7 49,4j  32,3
i16,4 0,9
I
i1,0 100
11

TABLE IV.A:  SECTORAL SUMMARY FOR 1983, SHOEING' PERCENTAGE BREAKDOWN, METHOD OF FINANCING AND ADMINISTRATIVE BODY 
Cp^rog^o.mmable aro non o-ogrammable aid)
•(ANNUAL) (million ECU)
II. Aid administered by the EIB 
- .  Loans from EIB resources 
Interest rates subsidies 
Risk capi tal
Total
III. Grand total
Breakdown of total in /90.0 
13, A
44.1
147.5
776.5 
87,012,7
1,4103,1
11,690.0
13,4
44.1
14?,S
I f  1*4
1 m  tProjects and 
programmesI
Emergency aid Stabex J  Total
(V) to (5) <6, (7) ;  (1) to (7)
i
I.Aid administered by the Commissionj
!  i
Programmable grants 471,3 |  471,3 j
Special loans 157,7 '  157,7 j
Emergency aid 12,7j  12,?
Stabex •i
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i103,2 103,2
i
Total 629,0 12,7 i 103,2 744,9
Breakdown of total in 7 . 84,4 1,7 |
!13,9 1 100 X

TABLEAU IV.1.B,. :  Sectoral summary at end 1983,, showing percentage breakdown, method of
(programmable aid and Sysmin)
(CUMULATIVE)financing and a dm i  ni st rat i  v
(mi llion ECU)e oody
Development of production Economic 
infra- 
s t ruc- 
tureSocial 
develop- 
mentT rade Other Total
Indust r ia l  i  *.a i  ion
of whjci 
SyominTourism Rura l  
produc­
tionTotalpromo- 
tion -
(1) (2)(3) (4) (5)(1)a (5)
I. Aid administered by the Commission
- Programmable grants 119,8 1  2,6 506,4 638,8297,9 338,2 24,9 21,61 .321,4
- Special loans 70,1 95,0 75,9 241,085,7 23,7 350,4
Total 189,9 95,0 12,6 582,3 879,8383,6 361,9 24,9 21,61.671,8
Breakdown in % 11,4 5,7 0,7 34,8 52,622,9 21,7 1/5 1/3100
II.Aid administered by the EIB 
- Loans from EIB resources 528,2 328,259,4 367,6
- Interest rates subsidies 65,4 65,410,4 75,8
- Risk capi ta l 108,3 4,8 113,114,6 127,7
Total 501,9 4,8 506,764,4 571,1
Breakdown in % 87,9 0,8 88,711,3 1  00
III. Grand total
brekdown in %6°1,8 95,0 
30,8 4,217,4
0,8582,3
26,01 .386,5 
61,8448,0
20,0361,9
16,124,9
1,121,6
1,02.242,9 
1 00

Table IV.  2 .  b :  Pectora 1_summary AT END 1983 showing percentage breakdown, method of financing and
ad
ministrative body (programmable and non programmable aid)
(CUMULATIVE) (million ECU 1
Projects and  
programmesEmergency aid Btabex Total
(1)  a (M (61 (71 (11 a (7)
I. Aid administered by the Commission
1 .  321,4
350,4
66,3
3P4,01.32.1,4 
360,4 
66,3 
3P4,0- Programmable qrants
- Special loans
- Emergency aid
- Ptabex
total
Breakdown of total in % 
IT. Aid administered by the FIP
- Loans from fjp resources
- Interest rates subsidies
- Fisk capital
TOTAL
III. Grand total
Breakdown of total in % ■1.67],R 
79,1
367.6 
76,P
127.766,3
2,73P4,0 
IP, 22.112,1
100,0
367.6 
75,f t
197.7
573,3 671,1
2.2^2,o 
R3,666,3
2,13P4,o
14,3

TABIJ-: V A :  Situation of camdtments and payments in 1983 - EDF resources
( mi 1  l io n  VXT)
A dm inistered by th e Canmissicn  
Ccrmitments
lYnjects & j  
Programmes Sysmin  
(special 
loans and  
qrants)
(1)
i^east Developed  
ATP States
Antigua & Barbuda  
Belize 
; > enin 
Botswana 
Burundi 
. ’ ape Verde  
C entral A frican  H e;
>  'omoros
Djibouti 
nrjuinica 
Ethiopia }
'anibia 
'renado 
Aiinea
•jnne.i-T’in.'tau 
"quaint ,.-,1 f’niiH'.i 
'pper-i’ ol ta  
- •  i r ih a t i
•  ,f»jv7thr<
‘ •M alawi
Mali
Mauritania
"liner
','oanda
i^wartda
c+.. Lucia
-'t V incent A
Grenadines
snionon Isla n d s
’ •'estern Samoa
Sao r T 'cr>e and Principe
•Seychelles
Sierra leone
scmalia
^Aidan
Swaziland
■Tanzania
Chad
mpoo
Teresa
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
-HDTAL9.4 1,8 
2 7 ,3
1 3 ,6
1,6
2.4 
33,2
3,7
0,S
26,8
1 7 ,3  
6,c 
6 ,3  
71,2 70,7 
0, S
0 .  4
1,0
n,71, * 
7 ,9  1,6
10,P
°,7
1,6
m s ,  7(special
loans)
(2)
Landlocked ACP States
Zambia
Zimbatwe
and island
Bahamas
Barbados
Tiji :
Jamaica !
'Madagascar  
Mauritius  
Papua New
Guinea !
Trinidad & Ttibago ;2,8
18,2
0,9
0,3
6,2
6 ,8
21,4
0,9
6,2
3,6
TOTAL :
Tther ACP States  
Cameroon 
’ mgo
Ivory Coast
Gabon
Ghana
Tuyana
Kenya
Liberia
Nigeria
Senegal
Suriname
Zaire19,8
23.5
13.6 
0,2  
2,4
5.7 
8,3
2.8
17.1
11.6
2,7
53.1
TOTAL : 
Regional Aid
GENERAL TOTAL160,8
94,2(3)Emergency
aid TotalAdministered by the FIB  
Cornu, tments
(4)
2,7
1,7
1,1
2,01,6
1,0
1,0
0 ,7
2,7
3,5
1.73,4
7.7
3.6
7,1
7 .7  
0,10,4
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,1
-0,2
0,3
0,8
0,7(5)
1 to  4Risk
capital
(6)
0 ,7
0,1
*0,8
24,11,512.5
2,0
27.5
15,3
1.3
1,6
2.4
35.5
5.7
7.3
5.7 
0 ,8  
n,n
77,P 
i  ,4
1  ,S 
3 8 ,8  
70, P
6.8
6.3
77,0
7 0 ,7
0 ,4
7.7 
7,3
4 .7  
7,9
7.7 
0,4
7°,1 
17,6 
l,o 
15,1 
16, Q
7.7 
0,1 
1 ,65,1
0,1Total 
EOF 
ccmiu. tments
Interest
rate
subsidies
(7)
0,7(0)
5+6+7
0,7
360,0 °,9
2,8
19,7
0,9
0,3
9.5
6 ,8
21,4
0,9
30,3
3.65,0
1,8
31,20 ,8
1,796,2 11,8
12,719,8
23,50,5
14,42,4
0,22,5
35,36,0
5,7
8,3
2,8
17,1
11,60,5
2,7
53,1
194,511,9
94,210,5
744,9 44,10,7
2,7
2,7
4,4 
0,5 IPayments
(9)Payments 
as % 
of
cauni tments
0 ,6
12.5
2.7
27.5
20.4
1.3
1.7
2.4
35.5
5.7
7.3
5 .7  
0,0 
n,n
77.81,6
1 .5
41.8
2 0 , fl
6.8
6.3  
22,0 
T O ,®
0,7
0 ,4
7.7
7.3
4 .7  
7,P
7.70. 4 
7 °, 3
37.51, ® 15,1 
16,°
7.7 0,1 
1,6(1 0)
9 :  8
370,65,8 46
2,1 78
9,1 33
1,6
9,3 46
0,9 69
0,5 29
1,1 46
24,3 68
4,8 "4
7,1 100
5,8 ' • 10?
1, 7 ! in "
0, 1 1  17
17,° 1  46
1,3 1  PI
7,? ' 147
1,7 i 4a ,7 47
A, 1 60
10,6 167
5,7 i 24
7,6 i 36
o,47
3,? 1  300
2,7 i p>
4 ,° !  213
3,01  00
0,7 1  n
P,S n o
17,4 Tin
77,1 °7
3,7 30
Q,6 1  S O S
6 ,« 46
16,Q Q Q
?,n 107
0,7 ; 200
0,7 i 44
276,7i
2,0
2 7 .4
0 ,9
0 ,3
9 .5
6 ,8
2 6 .4  
0,9
32,1
3.62,0
8 ,8
0,2
5.9
2,6
9.9
2,0
29,3
1 ,6
24.2 
24,5 
16,8
2.7
41.3
5.7 
8.3
2.8 
22,2 
12, l
2,7
53,171
32
67
62
38
38
222
91
44
216,4
104,73,0
6 ,6
6 ,8
2 ,8
1
0,9
12.4
0,0
9,3
0,3
32,2
02.5 
46,112
27
40
104
5
10
149
29
25
77
11
61
38
44

TABLE V B : Situation of acntnitments and payments■  ET)K resources
(cumulative)( f i d i  1  ifm  F i l l )
Administered by the Ctrrmission 
Carmi tments
Projects and 
prograntnes 
(special 
loans and 
grants)
Least Developed
ATP States
Antigua f i .  Barbuda 
Belize 
Benin 
Botswana 
Burundi 
Cape Verde 
Central African Rep. 
Gcmoros 
Djibouti 
Dcminica 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Grenada 
'  Guinea 
Guinea-Bissau 
i  Fquatorial Guinea 
I  Upper-Volta 
|  Kiribati 
'  Le sotto 
’  Malawi 
Mali
‘  Mauritania 
Niger 
Uganda {Vanda 
St. Lucia 
St.Vinoent & Grondine*;
Foloron Islands 
Western Sant»
Sao Ttmè & Principe
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Sorella
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Chad
Trgo
Tonchi
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Total t
Landlocked A C P  States
Zambia
Zimbabwe
and Island- ,
Re>wnas
narhadoe
f-iji !
uamaVca 
Madagascar 
Mauritius 
Papua
New Guinea 
Triiuóad & libano
TX TAL
Other ACP States 
Sune- oon 
Congo
Ivory Coast 
Gabor.
Ghnna
Guyana
Kenya
L.iheria
Nigeria
Senegal
Suriname
Zaïre
TOTAL : 
Regional Aid
GLNERAL TOTAL3 5,2
2 7 .8
3 2 .5
9 .5  
16,1
1 0 .9  
3 9 ,0
3,R
1 8 .6  
4 5 ,7
5 .5
6 3 .9
3 0 8 ,5
2 5 0 ,2
9 5 ,01 3.5
4 6 .8
5 6 .8
2 6 .5
59,1
3 8 4 ,00 ,8
1 ,9
0 ,7
0 ,30 .  A4 8 .7
2 7 .8  
8 0 ,1
9 .5
7 4 .8
1 0 .9
6 6 ,2
3 ,8
1 8 .9  
1 0 5 ,0
5 .5  
1 0 6 ,7
5 5 7 ,9
2 5 0 ,20 ,5
2 .4
2 .5
6 ,0
1 .5
0 ,7
4 ,7
6 ,011,1
0 ,5
4 ,7
7 ,2
5 ,1
5 ,6
2 4 ,3
12,13 9 ,3
1 ,3
I 2.112,1  1 2 7 ,7J----1_____L7 5
,85 9 ,3 2 3,4 39
2 8 ,8 6 ,9 24
8 7 ,2 59, 2 68
1 9 ,2 1 0 ,6 1 55
8 0 ,8 2 8 ,0 : 35
1 0 ,9 2 ,2 ' 20
7 2 ,8 4 6 ,6 1 64
4 ,5 1 ,5 , 33
2 4 ,0 5 ,7 24
1 1 5 ,3 7 5 ,9 66
5 ,5 0 ,5 ! 9
112,7 3 7 ,4 ! 33
6 2 1 ,5 2 9 7 ,9  , 48
2 6 3 ,6 7 5 ,9 29
2.3 1 5 ,6 9 3 5 ,7  ! 40

TAB LE V IO R D IN AR Y LOANS AND R IS K  C A P IT A L  COM M ITTED BY THE
E IB  IN  ACP C O U NTR IES IN  1 9 8 3  C  LOME I I  )
-  B r e a k d o w n  b y  s e c t o r  -
S c C T 0 RLoans from own  
resourc esRisk capital from  
EDF resources TOTAL
NoAmount 
(M Ecu)ZNoAmount 
(M Ecu)ZNoAmount 
CM Ecu)Z
General, (including lines of credit) 450,0 55,5 66,9 15,71056,9 42,4
Mining and associated industries 59,7 22,0 59,7 7,2
Agri-industria l 15,0 11,3 15,0 3,8
Manufacturing industries 37,5 17,0 37,5 5,6
Energy 125,0 27,8 13,0 6,8228,0 20,9
TOTAL INDUSTRY 575,0 83,31632,1 72,821107,1 79,9
Economic infrastructure :
Transport and watersays22,0 A,522,0 1,5
Telecommunications 115,0 16,7 110,0 22,7 225,0 18,6
TOTAL 690,0100,0 19A4,1 100,0 25134,1 100,0

TA B LE  V I I O R D IN A R Y  LOANS AND R IS K  C A P IT A L  COMMITTED
BY THP EiB IN ACP COUNTRIES IN 1983 (LOME II)  
- Breakdown by location of project -
COUNTRY Loans from own Risk capital from TOTALresources EDF resources
NoM Ecu %NoM Ecu- %NoM Ecu Z
AFRICA 5a88,0a···97,8aa Aa16 a m41,5aaaa94a1aaaa21aa129,5a a a a a96A6a a a a
West Africa 140A044A4418a942a8558a943a9
Ivory Coast 1 2 A5,41‘ 2,41,8i  Ghana '♦ *i  1 6,6*13,61 6,04,5Nigeria 140,044,4 140,029,8Senegal 1 0,51,11 0,50,4Regional ' 110,022,7110,07.4
Central and ,
Equatorial Africa229A032a25 8a820A07111*28a2
Cameroon 125,027,7 125,018,6
Cen+-rqi African Rep. 2 5,111,62 5.13,8Congo 14,04,51 0,51,12 4,53,4Gabon 1 2,55,71 2,51,9Rwanda 1 0,71,61 0,70.5
East and9
Southern Africa 219AQ21a2713a83^3932a824A5
Botswana 14,04,5 1 4,03,0Dj ibouti 1 0,050,11 0,0f0,1Madagascar • 1 5,011,41 5,03,7Malawi 1 3,06,81 3,02,2Sudan 1 0,20,51 0,20,2Zimbabwe l15,016,72 5,011,4320,014,9Régional 1 0,51,11 0,50,4
CARIBBEAN 1
m2.0 ■ A·2.2 a a a1M0a6i*42a L·*L 2
Belize 12,02,21 0,61.42 2,61,9
m m m m m m a··22a2 l L 5
Kiribati 1 0,20,51 0,20,2
Papua New Guinea
I1 1.84,01 1,81,3
TOTAL
I___690
,0100,019 44,1100,025134,1100,0
?

TABLE Vili ORDINARY LOANS AND RISK CAPITAL COMMITTED
BY THE EIB IN ACP COUNTRIES IN 1983 (LOWE II)  
- breakdown according Art. 155 -
COUNTRYLoans from own  
resourc esRisk capital  
from EDF resources
M Ecu: Z M Ecu Z
I. Least developed ACP States  
(Art. 155)6,0 6,7 9,9 29 f  3
Belize '  2,0 2,2 0,6 1,8Botswana 4.0 4,5
Central African Rep. 5.1 15,2
Dj ibouti 0,05 0,1Kiribati 0,2 0,6
Malawi 3,0 8,9
Rwanda 0,7 2,1Sudan 0,2 0,6
II.Other ACP States84,0 93,3 23,7 70,7
Cameroon 25,0 27,7
Congo 4,0 4,5 0.5 1,5Ivory Coast 2,4 7.1Gabon 2,5 7,5'  Ghana 6,0 17,9Madagascar 5,0 14,9Nigeria 40,0 44,4Papua New uuinea1,8 * 5,4Senegal 4 0,5 1.5Zimbabwe 15,0 16,7 5.0 14,9
T '0 T A L 90,0 100,0 '  33,6(1) 100,0
<P txluding 2 regional actions.

T A B L E ..IX  NORMAL LOANS AND R IS K  C A P IT A L  COMMITTED BY E IB  IN
1 9 A T  I N  A C P  S T A T E S
( L O M E - 1 1 4 ,
B Y  P E R  C A P I T A  I N C O M E
C O U N T R Y
(per capita GDP-U5 2 1981)Loans from own  
resources
M Ecu.Risk capital  
operationsTota l
M Ecu. M Ecu.
Per capita GDP-^US 2 410
Central African Rep.
Ghana
Kiribati
Madagascar
Malawi
Rwanda
Sudan
US 2 4lO^.Per capita GDP
4 1  .100 US 2  
Belize 
Botswana 
Cameroon 
Congo 
Dj ibouti 
Wigeria
Papua New Guinea  
Senegal 
Zimbabwe
US 2 per capita GDP> 1.100 US 2
Ivory Coast  
Gabon90.0
2,0
4.0
25.0
4.0
40.0
15,0100,0
2,2
4.5 
2? 17
4.5
44,4
16,70,6
0,5
0,05
1.8
0,5
5,0
4,9
2.4
2.560,2
15,2
17.9
0,6
14.9 
8,9 
2,1 
0,6
25,2
1.8
1.5
0,1
5.4
1.5
14,9
14,6
7,1
7,598,5
256 
0 
0 
4,5 
0,05
40.0 
1.8 
0,5
20.0
I
4,9
2,4
2,5'3,9
TOTAL 90,0' 100,0 33,f<l) LOO.O 123,6(1) 100,0
(1) Excluding two regional actions.

TA B LE  X
INTEREST RATE SUBSIDIES IN 1983
(Lomé II)
Count ry Name of project
Botswana Botswana Development Corporation LtdAmounts in million Ecu  
EIB loan Amount of
4,0subsidy
0,65
Cameroon SONEL II (Sté Nationale d'Electricité) 25,0 4,36
Congo Banque Nationale de Développement du  
Congo4,0 0,49
Nigeria Nigerian Industrial Development Bank 40,0 5,12
Zimbabwe Post and Telecommunications Corp. 15,0 2,73
Total : 88,0 13,35

TABLE XI :  Numbers of technical cooperation staff employed in ACP
countries in 1983
Sector TOTAL ACPLeast- 
developped  
landlocked  
or island  
countries%
- Planning and administration
- Public utilities41
10534
8582.9
80.9
- Agriculture 464 331 71,3
- Industry
(building and banking)
- Trade220
18156
1370,9
72,2
- Training 88 71 80,7
- Health and social services 59 59 100
- Multi-sector and other 76 73 96
1.071 823 76,8

able All STATISTICAL SITUATION OF FIFTH EPF AT 31 DECEMBER 1983
(cumulative) Breakdown includinq ACP» OCT and other countries
____ (000 ECU)
Na
tionality
of
f i  rmsWorks contracts Supply contractsTechnical cooperation  
contractsTotal contracts
Amount%
31.12.83%
31.12.82 Amount%
31.12.83%
31.12.82 Amount%
31.12.83%
31.12.82 Amount%
31.12.83%
31.12.82
Germany 61.36413,17 17,69 50.04126,44 19,04 19.30721,66 21,62 130.712 17,56 18,61
Belgium 16.894 3,63 2,79 4.1022,17 2,43 5.9636,69 7.94 26.958 3,62 3,62
France 116.488 25,00 20, 75 50.61226,74 16,69 19.71022,11 28,43 186.810 25,10 21,35
Italy 41.828 8,98 4,91 23.94712,65 16,50 8.4519,4810,11 74.226 9,97 7,88
Luxembourg -- - 9940, 53 - 1.0421,17 0,76 2.0360,30 0,13
Netherlands - - -■ 18.857 9,9614,07 6.3027,07 6,23 25.159 3,38 3,59
Denmark -- - 360,02 0,01 3.3193,72 2,63 3.3550,45 0,46
United Kingcbn 46.228 9,92 0,06 25.72013,59 19,96 15.22517,08 13,63 87.17311,71 5,95
Ireland -- - 9.1754,85 8,83 2.5532,87 1.58 11.728 1,57 1,85
Greece -- - -- - 1700,19 1700,02
ACP-OCT 163.234 35,04 44,99 5.3882,85 2,22 7.0637,92 7,00 175.685 23,60 30,79
Thi rji countries19.855 4,26 8,81 3840,20 0, 25 350,04 0,07 20.274 2,72 5,77
465.891 100,00 100,00 189.256100,00 100,00 89.140100,00 100.00 744.286100,00 100,00
62,60 % 25,43 % 11,97 % 100,00 %