COVIVIISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMVttJNITIES 
C0MC93) 217 final 
Brussels, 26 May 1993 
Proposal for a 
COUNCIL PIRECTIVE 
on the minimum level of training for 
maritime occupations 
(presented by the Commission) 
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EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 
I . INTRODUCTION 
1. In its programme of measures to improve operating conditions for 
Community shipping, the Commission stressed the importance of training 
for seafarers and the mutual recognition of seafarers' certificates.1 
In its conclusions the extraordinary meeting of the (Environment and 
Transport) Council on 25 January underlined the importance of the human 
element in the safe operation of ships and the need for minimum 
standards for the training of the crews of Community ships.2 These two 
factors are dealt with in more detail in the Communication on a Common 
Policy on Safe Seas adopted by the Commission in February.3 
2. In December 1988 the Council adopted a Directive on a general system for 
the recognition of higher-education diplomas awarded on completion of 
professional education and training of at least three years' duration. 
This applies to all regulated professions for which higher education of 
at least three years' duration is required and which are not covered by 
a specific Directive.4 This Directive covers masters and officers. 
1 A future for the Community shipping industry: measures to improve the 
operating conditions of Community shipping (C0M(89)266 final, points 91 
to 96; OJ C 263 of 16 October 1989). 
2 Extraordinary meeting of the (Environment and Transport) Council in 
Brussels on 25 January. Doc. 4009/93 (Press 8). 
3 A Common Policy on Safe Seas (C0M(93) 66 of 24 February 1993). 
4 Council Directive 89/48/EEC of 21 December 1988 (OJ L 19 of 
24 January 1989). 
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In June 1992 the Council adopted a second Directive extending recognition to 
diploma and certificate holders not covered by the Council Directive of 
21 December 1988 and to non-diploma holders with professional experience. 
This Directive also applies to the maritime transport sector1 covering 
occupations not governed by the first Directive. 
However, mutual recognition of diplomas under these general systems will not 
guarantee a minimum appropriate level of training for all seafarers serving 
on vessels flying the flag of a Member State. Yet this is vital for 
safeguarding human life and property at sea and for the protection of the 
marine environment. 
I I. TRAINING OF SEAFARERS 
3. Since shipping is essentially an international activity, aspects 
concerning safety at sea, working conditions and seafarer training are 
largely governed by the regulations of international organizations such 
as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International 
Labour Organization (ILO). A whole body of international law on 
training for different categories of seafarer and the issuing of 
competency certificates for such seafarers exists. This includes: 
(a) International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and 
Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), IMO 1978; 
(b) ILO Officers' Competency Certificates Convention, 1936 (No 53); 
1 Council Directive 92/51/EEC of 18 June 1992 on a second general system 
for the recognition of professional education and training to supplement 
Dir-ective 89/48/EEC (OJ L 209 of 24 July 1992). 
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(c) ILO Certification of Able Seamen Convention, 1946 (No 74); 
(d) ILO Certification of Ship's Cooks Convention, 1946 (No 69); 
(e) ILO Recommendation 137 concerning Vocational Training of Seafarers, 
1970; 
(f) ILO Health Protection and Medical Care (Seafarers) Convention 1987 
(No 164); 
(g) Document for guidance, 1985: An International Maritime Training Guide, 
ILO/IMO. 
With regard to the STCW Convention, the Council adopted in December 1978 
a Résolution^1) inviting Member States to ratify the Convention. 
It should be noted that, even though these Conventions have been 
ratified by the Member States, they are not always applied in the same 
way in practice, and that such international conventions may be 
un iIateraI I y denounced. 
4. The extraordinary meeting of the Environment and Transport Council on 
25 January which discussed shipping safety and the prevention of marine 
pollution underlined the need for international rules of relevance to 
shipping safety to be strictly applied in the Community. It would like 
to adopt minimum vocational training requirements at Community level and 
called on the Commission to propose, inter alia, specific measures to 
improve vocational training of seafarers since human error was still the 
main factor in accidents at sea. The Council also called for seafarers 
serving on vessels carrying passengers or hazardous or polluting cargoes 
to have an appropriate knowledge of languages in order to be able to 
take effective action in the event of an accident. 
(1) O.J. N* 33 of 8.2.1979 
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GROUNDS FOR A COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 
5. In its Communication on a Common Policy for Safe Seas which has been 
sent to the Council, Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee, 
the Commission starkly concludes that some 60% of accidents at sea are 
due to human error although the lack of proper communication on board 
ships, often owing to language problems, is another major cause of 
accidents. 
6. No solution to these problems has yet been found by either the 
international organizations or, at national level, the Member States. 
Because of the multinational mix of crews serving on vessels operating 
in Community waters it is even more essential that vocational training 
and linguistic proficiency requirements be introduced. 
Such requirements must apply equally to seafarers from the Community as 
to those from non-Community countries. If shipping safety is to be 
improved, all crews serving on vessels operating in Community waters 
must satisfy the professional competence standards laid down under 
international law and, in particular, the IMO's STCW Convention. 
7. In the Commission's view, the IMO has not tackled the crucial aspect of 
effective policing of international regulations on seafarer training. 
Tr~ 
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The 1978 STCW Convention, which has so far been ratified by 93 
countries, does not provide for any ways of enforcing compliance by the 
Contracting Parties with the minimum requirements on seafarer training. 
Given the scale of the problem it is only at Community level that an 
effective response can be provided. 
In effect such an action is justified to the extent that by using the 
instrument of the Community directive one could guarantee by means of 
the Community law the uniform application of the matter in a more 
efficient way. 
Furthermore, the extraordinary meeting of the Council on 25 January 
requested the Commission to speedily table proposals on seafarer 
training to help improve shipping safety and prevent marine pollution in 
the Community. 
ANALYSIS OF THE MEASURES PROPOSED 
8. The Commission proposes for the Community a system of minimum training 
standards, based on international rules defined in the IMO's Convention 
on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 
and including language tuition, for seamen serving on passenger ships or 
ships carrying hazardous or polluting cargos. The proposed Directive 
defines the minimum level of training for masters, officers, ratings and 
Iifeboatmen. 
From 1995 all Member States will be required to issue a vocational 
competence certificate to seafarers under the terms of the proposed 
Directive which is based on the IMO's STCW Convention. 
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9. Since shipping is essentially an international activity the problem 
posed by the nationality mix of ships' crews needs to be addressed by 
this Di rect ive. 
The Commission considers steps must be taken to ensure that the level of 
training of crews made up of non-Community nationals serving on ships 
operating in the Community is commensurate with international vocational 
training standards. In its view, agreements should be concluded between 
the Community and the non-Community countries concerned to ensure 
appropriate training is given to non-Community seafarers; this will 
create a level playing field for all crews working in the Community. 
10. In the case of vessels flying non-Community flags crewed by nationals of 
non-Community countries which have not concluded any agreement with the 
Community, the Commission suggests that they should be inspected as a 
matter of priority, in Community ports to check that the level of 
training and competence of their crews matches international standards. 
Appropriate measures will be taken by Member States. If it is found 
that a crew's level of training is below standard, the vessel on which 
it is serving may be detained. 
III. CONCLUSIONS 
The purpose of the proposed Directive is to: 
(a) ensure appropriate training is given to masters, officers, ratings and 
persons designated to be responsible for survival craft (Iifeboatmen) 
serving on vessels registered in the Community in the interests of 
safety of navigation and protection of the environment; 
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(b) promote appropriate linguistic proficiency among crews of passenger 
vessels or vessels carrying hazardous or polluting cargoes; 
(c) take steps to ensure that non-Community crews working in the Community 
also have the appropriate qualification required under international 
law. 
The proposed Directive lays down minimum training standards for maritime 
occupations according to category of vessel; these are based on the 
requirements defined in the IMO's 1978 International Convention on 
Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers 
which has been adopted and ratified by all Member States with merchant 
f leets. 
Its vocational training standards are no higher than those of the IMO 
except with regard to linguistic proficiency in the case of crews 
serving on passenger vessels or vessels carrying hazardous or polluting 
cargoes, on which no international regulations have yet been adopted. 
i) 
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Proposal for a Council Directive on the minimum level 
of training for maritime occupations 
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, 
and in particular Article 84(2) thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,1 
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament,2 
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee,3 
Whereas the standards for the award of vocational competency certificates to 
seafarers vary from one Member State to another; whereas such a diversity 
of national laws in the area of training covered by this Directive does not 
ensure the consistent level of training required in the interests of 
shipping safety; 
Whereas Council Directives 89/48/EEC4 and 92/51/EEC5 on the general 
systems for the recognition of professional education and training apply to 
maritime occupations covered by this Directive; whereas they will help 
promote compliance with the obligations laid down in the Treaty abolishing 
obstacles to the free movement of persons and services between Member 
States; 
1 
2 
3 
4 OJ No L 19, 24.1.1989. 
5 OJ NO L 209, 24.7.1992 
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Whereas the mutual recognition of diplomas and certificates provided for 
under the general systems does not, however, always ensure a standardized 
level of training for all seafarers serving on board vessels flying the flag 
of a Member State and/or Euros; whereas this is, however, vital from the 
viewpoint of shipping safety; 
Whereas it is therefore essential to define a minimum level of training for 
seafarers in the Community; 
Whereas, in view of the particular nature of the transport of hazardous or 
polluting cargoes or passengers by sea and the hazards involved in such 
operations, the conditions under which such operations are effected should 
be improved in order to safeguard human life and protect the marine 
environment; whereas persons serving on board such ships should be required 
to have an adequate knowledge of languages; 
Whereas action at Community level is required to attain this objective since 
individual measures undertaken or planned by Member States do not provide a 
satisfactory solution; 
Whereas account should be taken of the existing body of international law on 
maritime training and qualifications, and in particular the 1978 
International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and 
Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW);1 
Whereas measures should be taken to ensure that seafarers from third 
countries have a level of competence commensurate with that required by 
international conventions in this area, 
1 1978 International Conference on Training and Certification of 
Seafarers, IMO, London 1978. 
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HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: 
Article 1 
For the purpose of this Directive: 
(a) 'master' means the person in command of a ship; 
(b) 'officer' means the member of a ship's complement other than the master 
appointed to this post in accordance with national laws or regulations 
or, where they do not exist, in accordance with collective agreement or 
pract ice-, 
(c) "deck officer" means a qualified officer in the deck department; 
(d) "chief mate" means the deck officer next in rank to the master and upon 
whom the command of the ship will fall in the event of the incapacity of 
the master ; 
(e) "engineer officer" means a qualified officer in the engine department; 
(f) "chief engineer officer" means a senior engineer officer, responsible 
for the mechanical propulsion of the ship; 
(g) "second engineer officer" means the engineer officer next in rank to the 
chief engineer officer upon whom the responsibility for the mechanical 
propulsion of the ship will fall in the event of the incapacity of the 
chief engineer officer; 
(h) "assistant engineer officer" means a person under training to become an 
engineer officer and designated as such by national law or regulations. 
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(i) "radio officer" means a person holding a first class or second class 
radiotelegraph operator's certificate or a radiocommunication operator's 
general certificate for the maritime mobile service issued under the 
provisions of the Radio Regulations, who is employed in the 
radiotelegraph station of a ship which is required to have such a 
station by the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea-, 
(j) "radiotelephone officer" means a person holding an appropriate 
certificate issued under the provisions of the Radio Regulations; 
(k) "rating" and person designated to be responsible for a survival craft 
('Iifeboatman') means any member of a ship's complement other than the 
master or officers; 
(I) "sea-going ship" means any ship other than ships which navigate 
exclusively in inland waters or in waters within, or closely adjacent 
to, areas where port regulations apply; 
(m) "hazardous cargo" means the goods defined in the International Maritime 
Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG), in Chapter 19 of the IGS Code and 
Chapter 17 of the IBC Code; 
(n) "polluting cargoes" means: 
hydrocarbons as defined in Annex 1 to the MARPOL Convention; 
noxious liquid substances as defined in Annex II to the MARPOL 
Convent ion; 
harmful substances as defined in Annex I I I to the MARPOL 
Convent ion; 
(o) "seafarers" means any persons serving on board a sea-going ship. 
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Art icle 2 
This Directive shall apply to seafarers serving on board ships registered in 
a Member State of the Community and/or the Community Euros register with the 
except ion of : 
warships, naval auxiliaries or other ships owned or operated by a Member 
State and engaged only on government non-commercial service; 
all fishing vessels; 
pleasure yachts not engaged in trade. 
Article 3 
Member States shall take the measures necessary to ensure that masters, 
officers, ratings and persons designated to be responsible for survival 
craft (Iifeboatmen) who intend to serve on a ship flying a Member State's 
flag and/or a EUROS flag hold a vocational competence certificate awarded or 
recognized by the authority or body designated for this purpose by each 
Member State showing that they have successfully completed training relevant 
to the occupation they wish to exercise on board the vessel. 
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Article 4 
Vocational competence certificate means any valid document, whatever its 
title, issued by or under the authority of the competent authority of a 
Member State or recognized by the authority, authorizing the holder to serve 
as stated in this document or as authorized by national regulations, where 
this document certifies a minimum level of training for each occupation 
pursuant to the provisions of this Directive. 
Art icle 5 
1. The training which the masters, officers, ratings and Iifeboatmen 
require in order to obtain a vocational 
competence certificate shall be given in the form of one or more 
theoretical courses, and service at sea, accompanied by practical 
exercises, and approved by the competent authority or the body 
designated by each Member State. 
2. This training must cover the minimum requirements defined in the IMO 
1978 International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification 
and Watchkeeping of Seafarers (STCW) The minimum requirements are those 
described in the Annexes to this Directive, in particular : 
for masters and chief mates of ships of 200 gross register tons or more, 
the requirements laid down in Annex I, Regulations 11/1 II/2, II/5, II/7 
and II/8; 
for officers in charge of a navigational watch and masters of ships of 
less than 200 gross register tons, the requirements laid down in 
Annex I, Regulations 11/1, II/3, II/5, ll/7and II/8; 
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for officers in charge of a navigational watch on ships of 200 gross 
register tons or more, the requirements laid down in Annex I, 
Regulations 11/1 II/4, II/5, ll/7and II/8; 
for chief engineer officers and second engineer officers of ships 
powered by main propulsion machinery of 3 000 kW propulsion power or 
more, the requirements laid down in Annex II, Régulât ions I I 1/1, I I I/2 
and Ml/5 ; 
for chief engineer officers and second engineer officers of ships 
powered by main propulsion machinery between 750 kW and 3 000 kW 
propulsion power, the requirements laid down in Annex II, 
Regulations ill/1, Ml/3 and Ml/5; 
for engineer officers in charge of a watch in a conventionally manned 
engine room or designated duty engineer officers in a periodically 
unmanned engine room, the requirements laid down in Annex M, 
Regulations Ml/1, Ml/4 and Ml/5; 
for radio officers, the requirements laid down in Annex III, Regulations 
IV/1 and IV/2; 
for radiotelephone operators, the requirements laid down in Annex IV, 
Regulation IV/3; 
for masters, officers and ratings of oil tankers, chemical tankers and 
liquified gas tankers, the requirements laid down in Annex V, 
Regulations V/1, V/2 and V/3; 
for ratings forming part of a navigational watch, the requirements laid 
down in Annex II, Regulation II/6; 
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for ratings forming part of an engine room watch, the requirements laid 
down in Annex III, Regulation Ml/6; 
for persons designated to be responsible for survival craft 
(Iifeboatmen), the requirements laid down in Annex VI, Regulation VI/1. 
2. Member States shall ensure that the provisions of Council Directive 
92/29/EEC of 31 March 1992 on the minimum safety and health requirements for 
improved medical treatment on board vessels,1 and in particular Article 5 
thereof, are applied as part of the training provided for in paragraph 1. 
3. Paragraph 1 shall apply without prejudice to more favourable Community 
provisions on safety and health at work, in particular Council Directive 
89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 and its implementing Directives.2 
4. To obtain a vocational competence certificate, candidates must pass an 
examination approved by the competent authority of a Member State, which 
shall ensure that all examiners are independent. 
Article 6 
1. Member States designate the authority or the body which can give the 
training referred to in Article 5. 
2. Member States designate the authority or the body which grant the 
certificates and attest the success to the examination mentioned in 
Article 5. 
1 OJ No L 113, 30.4.1992, p.19. 
2 OJ N* L 183, 29.6.1989 
(3) 
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Art icle 7 
1. Member States shall ensure that, on board passenger ships or ships 
operating scheduled passenger and vehicle services starting and/or finishing 
a voyage in a Member State port, the master, officers, ratings and 
Iifeboatmen are able to communicate with each other. All members of the 
crew nominated to assist passengers in emergency situation, shall be able to 
communicate in the language(s) appropriate to the majority of passengers 
carried on a particular route. 
2. Member States shall ensure that, on board oiI tankers, liquified gas 
tankers and chemical tankers, the master, officers and ratings receive 
appropriate training so that all members of the ship's crew can communicate 
in a common language. 
Article 8 
Member States may grant a vocational competence certificate to masters, 
officers, ratings and lifeboatmen who apply therefor for the first time 
within six months preceding the date on which this Directive is implemented, 
without having followed the course and having sat the examination provided 
for in Article 5, on condition that they provide proof that they have been 
serving on ships for at least twelve months during the five years preceding 
the date of entry into force of this Directive. 
Art icle 9 
1. Seafarers who are not nationals of a Member State and do not possess the 
vocational competence certificate provided for in Article 3 may be allowed 
to serve on ships flying a Member State's flag provided a mutually 
satisfactory agreement has been concluded between the Community and the 
third counties of which the seafarers concerned are nationals. A mutually 
satisfactory agreement means an agreement which guarantees the parties 
concerned observance and genuine and full implementation of the provisions 
of the IMO's STCW Convention incorporated in this Directive. 
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2. Member States shall take the measures necessary to ensure that ships 
flying a third country flag with crews from one or more third countries 
which have ratified the Convention and they have not concluded an agreement 
with the Community, are inspected, as a matter of priority, by the competent 
authority of the port state to ensure that the level of vocational training 
and competence of their crews meets the standards laid down in the IMO's 
STCW Convent ion. 
3. Member States shall take appropriate steps, including the detention of a 
ship, if the port authorities discover in the course of an inspection that 
crews are unable to provide proof of professional proficiency for the duties 
assigned to them on board the ship. 
Art icle 10 
1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and 
administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive no later 
than 1 January 1995. 
2. When Member States adopt these provisions, they shall contain a 
reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference at the 
time of their official publication. The relevant procedure shall be adopted 
by Member States. 
3. Member States communicate to the Commission the texts of the provisions 
they adopt in the field governed by this Directive. 
Article 11 
This Directive is addressed to the Member States. 
Done at Brussels, For the Council 
The President 

ANNEXES 
19 
ANNEX I 
MASTER - DÉCKDEPARTMENT 
Regulation II/1 
Basic Principles to be Observed in Keeping 
a Navigational Watch 
Member States 
1. / shalldirect the attention of shipowners, ship operators, masters and 
watchkeeping personnel to the following principles which shall be observed to 
ensure that a safe navigational watch is maintained at all times. 
2. The master of every ship is bound to ensure that watchkeeping 
arrangements are adequate for maintaining a safe navigational watch. Under the 
master's general direction, the officers of the watch are responsible for navigatin'g 
the ship safely during their periods of duty when they will be particularly 
concerned with avoiding collision and stranding. 
3. The basic principles, including but not limited to the following, shall be 
taken into account on all ships. 
4. Watch arrangements 
(a) The composition of the watch shall at all times be adequate and 
appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions and shall take into 
account the need for maintaining a proper look-out. 
(b) When deciding the composition of the watch on the bridge which may 
include appropriate deck ratings, the following factors, inter alia, shall be taken 
into account: 
(i) at no time shall the bridge be left unattended; 
(ii) weather conditions, visibility and whether there is daylight or 
darkness; 
(iii) proximity of navigational hazards which may make it necessary for 
the officer in charge of the watch to carry out additional navigational 
duties; 
(iv) use and operational condition of navigational aids such as radar or 
electronic position-indicating devices and any other equipment 
affecting the safe navigation of the ship; 
(v) whether the ship is fitted with automatic steering; 
(vi) any unusual demands on the navigational watch that may arise as a 
result of special operational circumstances. 
20 
5. Fitness for duty 
The watch system shall be such that the efficiency of watchkeeping officers 
and watchkeeping ratings is not impaired by fatigue. Duties shall be so organized 
that <he first watch at the commencement of a voyage and the subsequent 
relieving watches are sufficiently rested and otherwise fit for duty. 
6. Navigation 
(a) The intended voyage shall be planned in advance taking into consideration 
all pertinent information and any course laid down shall be checked before the 
voyage commences. 
(b) During the watch the course steered, position and speed shall be checked at 
sufficiently frequent intervals, using any available navigational aids necessary, to 
ensure that the ship follows the planned course. 
(c) The officer of the watch shall have full knowledge of the location and 
operation of all safety and navigational equipment on board the ship and shall be 
aware and take account of the operating limitations of such equipment. 
(d) The officer in charge of a navigational watch shall not be assigned or 
undertake any duties which would interfere with the safe navigation of the ship. 
7. Navigational equipment 
(a) The officer of the watch shall make the most effective use of all navigational 
equipment at his disposal. 
(b) When using radar, the officer of the watch shall bear in mind the necessity 
to comply at all times with the provisions on the use of radar contained in the 
applicable regulations for preventing collisions at sea. 
(c) In cases of need the officer of the watch shall not hesitate to use the helm, 
engines and sound signalling apparatus. 
8. Navigational duties and responsibilities 
(a) The officer in charge of the watch shall: 
(i). keep his watch on the bridge which hie shall in no circumstances leave 
until properly relieved; 
(ii) continue to be responsible for the safe navigation of the ship, despite 
the presence of the master on the bridge, until the master informs him 
specifically that he has assumed that responsibility and this is 
mutually understood; 
(iii) notify the master when in any doubt as to what action to take in the 
interest of safety; 
(iv) not hand over the watch to the relieving officer if he has reason to 
believe that the latter is obviously not capable of carrying out his 
duties effectively, in which case he shall notify the master accordingly. 
(b) On taking over the watch the relieving officer shall satisfy himself as to the 
ship's estimated or true position and confirm its intended track, course and speed 
and shall note any dangers to navigation expected to be encountered during his 
watch. 
21 
(c) A proper record shall be kept of the movements and activities during the 
watch relating to the navigation of the ship. 
9. Look-out 
In addition to maintaining a proper look-out for the purpose of fully 
appraising the situation and the risk of collision, stranding and other dangers to 
navigation, the duties of the look-out shall include the detection of ships or 
aircraft in distress, shipwrecked persons, wrecks and debris. In maintaining a 
look-out the following shall be observed: 
(a) the look-out must be able to give full attention to the keeping of a 
proper look-out and no other duties shall be undertaken or assigned 
which could interfere with that task; 
(b) the duties of the look-out and helmsman are separate and the 
helmsman shall not be considered to be the look-out while steering, 
except in small ships where an unobstructed all-round view is 
provided at the steering position and there is no impairment of night 
vision or other impediment to the keeping of a proper look-out. The 
officer in charge of the watch may be the sole look-out in daylight 
provided that on each such occasion: 
(i) the situation has been carefully assessed and it has been 
established without doubt that it is safe to do so; 
(ii) full account has been taken of all relevant factors including, but 
not limited to: 
- state of weather 
- visibility 
- traffic density 
- proximity of danger to navigation 
- the attention necessary when navigating in or near traffic 
separation schemes; 
(iii) assistance is immediately" available to be summoned to the 
bridge when any change in the situation so requires. 
10. Navigation with pilot embarked 
Despite the duties and obligations of a pilot, his presence on board does not 
relieve the master or officer in charge of the watch from their duties and 
obligations for the safety of the ship. The master and the pilot shall exchange 
information regarding navigation procedures, local conditions and the ship's 
characteristics. The master and officer of the watch shall co-operate closely with 
the pilot and maintain an accurate check of the ship's position and movement. 
11. Protection of the marine environment 
The master and officer in charge of the watch shall be aware of the serious 
effects of operational or accidental pollution of the marine environment and shall 
take all possible precautions to.prevent such pollution, particularly within the 
framework of relevant international and port regulations. 
22 
Regulation II/2 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification 
of Masters and Chief Mates of Ships of 
200 Gross Register Tons or More 
Master and chief mate of ships of 1 600 gross register tons or more 
1. Every master and chief mate of a sea-going ship of 1 600 gross register tons 
or more shall hold an appropriate certificate. 
2. Every candidate for certification shall: 
(a) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, particularly 
regarding eyesight and hearing; 
(b) meet the requirements for certification as an officer in charge of a 
navigational watch on ships of 200 gross register tons or more and 
have approved sea-going service in that capacity: 
1 
• (i) for certification as chief mate, not less than 18 months; 
however, this period may be reduced to not less than 12 months 
if the Administration requires special training which it 
considers to be equivalent to at least six months' service as 
officer in charge of a navigational watch; 
(ii) for certification as master, not less than 36 months; however, 
this period may be reduced to not less than 24 months if not less 
than 12 months of such sea-going service has been served as 
chief mate, or if the Administration requires special training 
which it considers to be equivalent to such service; 
(c) have passed appropriate examination to the satisfaction of the 
Administration. Such examination shall include the material set out 
in the Appendix to this Regulation, except that the Administration 
may vary these examination requirements for masters, and chief 
mates of ships of limited size engaged on near-coastal voyages, as it 
considers necessary, bearing in mind the effect on the safety of all 
ships whicji may be operating in the same waters. 
Master and chief mate of ships of between 200 and 1 600 gross register tons 
3. Every master and chief mate of a sea-going ship of between 200 and 1 600 
gross register tons shall hold an appropriate certificate. 
4. Every candidate for certification shall: 
(a) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, particularly 
regarding eyesight and hearing; 
(b) (i) for certification as chief mate, meet the requirements of an 
officer in charge of a navigational watch on ships of 200 gross 
register tons or more; 
(ii) for certification as master, meet the requirements of an officer 
in charge of a navigational watch on ships of 200 gross register 
tons or more and have approved sea-going service in that 
capacity of not less than 36 months; however, this period may 
23 
(4) 
be reduced to not less than 24 months if not less than 12 months 
of such sea-going service has been served as chief mate, or if the 
Administration requires special training which it considers to 
be equivalent to such service; 
(c) have passed appropriate examination to the satisfaction of the 
Administration. Such examination shall include the material set out 
in the Appendix, except that the Administration may vary these 
examination requirements for masters and chief mates of ships 
engaged on near-coastal voyages, as it considers appropriate, to 
exclude such material as is not applicable to the waters or ships 
concerned, bearing in mind the effect on the safety of all ships which 
may be operating in the same waters. 
General 
5. The level of knowledge required under the difFerent headings of the 
Appendix may be varied-according to whether the certificate is being issued at 
master or chief mate level, and according to whether the certificate or certificates 
is applicable to ships of 1 600 gross register tons or more, or to ships of between 
200 and 1 600 gross register tons. 
APPENDIX TO REGULATION II/2 
Minimum knowledge required for certification of 
masters and chief mates of ships of 200 gross 
register tons or more 
1. The syllabus given below is compiled for examination of candidates for 
certification as master or chief mate of ships of 200 gross register tons or more. It 
is intended to expand and extend in depth the subjects contained in Regulation 
II/4 - "Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification of Officers in 
Charge of a Navigational Watch on Ships of 200 Gross Register Tons or More". 
Bearing in mind that a master has ultimate responsibility for the safety of the 
ship, its passengers, crew and cargo, and that a chief mate shall be in a position to 
assume that responsibility at any time, examination in these subjects shall be 
designed to test their ability to assimilate all available information that affects the 
safety of the ship. 
2. Navigation and position determination 
(a) Voyage planning and navigation for all conditions: 
(i) by acceptable methods of plotting ocean tracks; 
(ii) within restricted waters; 
(iii) in ice; 
(iv) in restricted visibility; 
(v) in traffic separation schemes; 
(vi) in areas of extensive tidal effects. 
(b) Position determination: 
(i) by celestial observations, including the use of sun, stars, moon and 
planets; 
24 
(ii) by terrestrial observations, including the ability to use bearings from 
landmarks and aids to navigation such as lighthouses, beacons and 
buoys in conjunction with appropriate charts, notices to mariners 
and other publications to assess the accuracy of the resulting position 
fix; 
(iii) using all modern ship electronic navigational aids to the satisfaction 
of the Administration, with specific knowledge of their operating 
principles, limitations, sources of error, detection of misre­
presentation of information and methods of correction to obtain 
accurate position fixing. 
3. Watchkeeping 
(a) Demonstrate thorough knowledge of content, application and intent of the 
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, including those 
Annexes concerned with safe navigation. 
(b) Demonstrate knowledge of Regulation 11/1 - "Basic Principles to be 
Observed in Keeping a Navigational Watch". 
4. Radar equipment 
Demonstrate in conjunction with the use of radar simulator or, when not 
available, manoeuvring board, knowledge of the fundamentals of radar and 
ability in the operation and use of radar, and in the interpretation and analysis of 
information obtained from this equipment, including: 
(a) factors affecting performance and accuracy; 
(b) setting up and maintaining displays; 
(c) detection of misrepresentation of information, false echoes, sea 
return, etc; 
(d) range and bearing; 
(e) identification of critical echoes; 
(f) course and speed of other ships; 
(g) time and distance of closest approach of crossing, meeting or 
overtaking ships; 
(h) detecting course and speed changes of other ships; 
(i) effect of changes in own ship's course or speed or both; 
(j) application of the International Regulations for Preventing Col­
lisions at Sea. 
5. Compasses - magnetic and gyro 
Ability to determine and correct the errors of the magnetic and gyro­
compasses and knowledge of the means for correcting such errors. 
6. Meteorology and oceanography 
(a) Demonstrate the ability to understand and interpret a synoptic chart and to 
forecast area weather, taking into account local weather conditions. 
25 
(b) Knowledge of the characteristics of various weather systems, including 
tropical revolving storms and avoidance of storm centres and the dangerous 
quadrants. 
(c) Knowledge of ocean current systems. 
(d) Ability to use all appropriate navigational publications on tides and 
currents, including those in the English language. 
(e) Ability to calculate tidal conditions. 
7. Ship manoeuvring and handling 
Manoeuvring and handling of a ship in all conditions, including the 
following: 
(a) manoeuvres when approaching pilot vessels or stations with due 
regard to weather, tide, headreach and stopping distances; 
(b) handling a ship in rivers, estuaries, etc., having regard to the effects of 
current, wind and restricted water on the response to the helm; 
(c) manoeuvring in shallow water, including the reduction in keel 
clearance due to the effect of squat1, rolling and pitching; 
(d) interaction between passing ships and between own ship and nearby 
banks (canal effect); 
(e) berthing and unberthing under various conditions of wind and tide 
with and without tugs; 
(0 choice of anchorage; anchoring with one or two anchors in limited 
anchorages and factors involved in determining the length of anchor 
cable to be used; 
(g) dragging; clearing fouled anchors; 
(h) dry-docking, both with and without damage; 
(i) management and handling of ships in heavy weather, including 
assisting a ship or aircraft in distress, towing operations, means of 
keeping an unmanageable ship out of a sea trough, lessening drift and 
use of oil; 
0) precautions in manoeuvring for launching boats or liferafts in bad 
weather; 
(k) methods of taking on board survivors from lifeboats or liferafts; 
(1) ability to determine the manoeuvring and engine characteristics of 
major types of ships with special reference to stopping distances and 
turning circles at various draughts and speeds; 
(m) the importance of navigating at reduced speed to avoid damage 
caused by own ship's bow or stern wave; 
(n) practical measures to be taken when navigating in ice or conditions of 
ice accumulation on board; 
(o) the use of, and manoeuvring in, traffic separation schemes. 
Squat: the decrease in clearance beneath a ship which occurs when the ship moves through the 
water and is caused both by bodily sinkage and by change of trim. The effect is accentuated 
in shallow water and is reduced with a reduction in ship's speed. 
8. Ship stability1, construction and damage control 
(a) Understanding fundamental principles of ship construction and the 
theories and factors affecting trim and stability and measures necessary to 
preserve safe trim and stability. 
(b) Knowledge of the effect on trim and stability of a ship in the event of 
damage to and consequent flooding of a compartment and counter measures to 
be taken. 
(c) Demonstrate use of stability, trim and stress tables, diagrams and stress 
calculating equipment, including knowledge of loading cargoes and ballasting in 
order to keep hull stresses within acceptable limits. 
(d) General knowledge of the principal structural members ofa ship and the 
proper names of the various parts. 
(e) Knowledge of IMCO recommendations concerning ship stability. 
9. Ship po wer plan ts 
(a) Operating principles of marine power plants. 
(b) Ships' auxiliary machinery. 
(c) General knowledge of marine engineering terms. 
10. Cargo handling and stowage 
(a) The stowage and securing of cargoes on board ships, including cargo gear. 
(b) Loading and discharging operations, with special regard to loading and 
discharging of heavy weights. 
(c) International regulations and recommendations relating to the carriage of 
cargoes, in particular the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code 
(IMDG). 
(d) Carriage of dangerous goods; precautions to be taken during loading and 
discharging operations and the care of dangerous goods during a voyage. 
(e) Working knowledge of contents and application of current relevant tanker 
safety guides. 
(0 Working knowledge of commonly used cargo piping and pumping 
arrangements. 
(g) Terms and definitions used to describe properties of common oil cargoes, 
such as crude oil, middle distillates, naphtha. 
(h) Pollution regulations; ballasting, tank cleaning and gas freeing operations. 
(i) Load-on-top procedures. 
11. Fire prevention and fire-fighting appliances 
(a) Organization of fire drills. 
(b) Classes and chemistry of fire. 
2 Masters and chief mates serving on small ships shall be fully acquainted with the basic stability 
requirements of such ships. 
27 
(c) Fire-fighting systems. 
(d) Attendance at an approved fire-fighting course. 
(e) Knowledge of regulations concerning fire-fighting equipment. 
12. Emergency procedures 
(a) Precautions when beaching a ship. 
(b) Action to be taken prior to, and after, grounding. 
(c) Floating a grounded ship, with and without assistance. 
(d) Action to be taken following a collision. 
(e) Temporary plugging of leaks. 
(0 Measures for the protection and safety of passengers and crew in 
emergencies. 
(g) Limiting damage and salving the ship following a fire or explosion. 
(h) Abandoning ship. 
(i) Emergency steering, rigging and use of jury steering and the means of 
rigging a jury rudder, where practicable. 
(j) Rescuing persons from a ship in distress or from a wreck. 
(k) Man-overboard procedures. 
13. Medical care 
A thorough knowledge of the use of the contents of the following 
publications: 
(a) International Medical Guide for Ships or equivalent national 
publications; 
(b) Medical section of the International Code of Signals; 
(c) Medical First Aid Guide For Use in Accidents Involving Dangerous 
Goods. 
14. Maritime law 
(a) A knowledge of international maritime law as embodied in international 
agreements and conventions as they affect the specific obligations and 
responsibilities of the master, particularly those concerning safety and the 
protection of the marine environment. Regard shall be paid especially to the 
following subjects: 
(i) certificates and other documents required to be carried on board 
ships by international conventions, how they may be obtained and 
the period of their legal validity; 
(ii) responsibilities under the relevant requirements of the International 
Convention on Load Lines; 
(iii) responsibilities under the relevant requirements of the International 
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea; 
28 
(iv) responsibilities under international conventions for the prevention of 
pollution from ships; 
(v) maritime declarations of health; the requirements of the In­
ternational Health Regulations; 
(vi) responsibilities under the Convention on the International Re­
gulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea; 
(vii) responsibilities under other international instruments affecting the 
safety of the ship, passengers, crew and cargo. 
(b) The extent of knowledge of national maritime legislation is left to the 
discretion of the Administration but shall include national arrangements for 
implementing international agreements and conventions. 
15. Personnel management and training responsibilities 
A knowledge of personnel management, organization and training aboard 
ships. 
16. Communications 
(a) Ability to transmit and receive messages by morse light and to use the 
International Code of Signals; where the Administration has examined 
candidates in these subjects at the lower levels of certification, they may have the 
option of not re-examining in these subjects for certification as master. 
(b) Knowledge of procedures used in radiotelephone communications and 
ability to use radiotelephones, in particular with respect to distress, urgency, 
safety and navigational messages. 
(c) A knowledge of the procedures for emergency distress signals by 
radiotelegraphy as prescribed in the Radio Regulations. 
17. Life-saving 
A thorough knowledge of life-saving appliance regulations (International 
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea), organization of abandon ship drills, 
lifeboats, liferafts and other life-saving equipment. 
18. Search and rescue 
A thorough knowledge of the IMCO Merchant Ship Search and Rescue 
Manual (MERSAR). 
19. Methods for demonstration of proficiency 
(a) Navigation 
Demonstrate the use of sextant, pelorus, azimuth mirror and ability to plot 
position, course, bearings. 
(b) International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 
(i) use of small models displaying proper signals or lights, or navigation 
light simulator; 
29 
(ii) manoeuvring board or radar simulator. 
(c) Radar 
(i) radar simulator; or 
(ii) manoeuvring boards. 
(d) Fire-fighting 
Attendance at an approved fire-fighting course. 
(e) Communications 
Visual and vocal practical test. 
(0 Life-saving 
Launching and handling of lifeboats and other life-saving appliances, 
including the donning of life-jackets. 
Regulation II/3 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification of Officers 
in Charge of a Navigational Watch and of Masters of 
Ships of Less than 200 Gross Register Tons 
1. Ships not engaged on near-coastal voyages 
(a) Every master serving on a sea-going ship of less than 200 gross register tons 
not engaged on near-coastal voyages shall hold a certificate recognized by the 
Administration for service as master of ships of between 200 and 1 600 gross 
register tons. 
(b) Every officer in charge of a navigational watch serving on a sea-going ship 
of less than 200 gross register tons not engaged on near-coastal voyages shall 
hold an appropriate certificate for ships of 200 gross register tons or more. 
2. Ships engaged on near-coastal voyages 
(a) Master 
(i) Every master serving in a sea-going ship of less than 200 gross register 
tons engaged on near-coastal voyages shall hold an appropriate 
certificate. 
(ii) Every candidate for certification shall: 
(1) be not less than 20 years of age; 
(2) have approved sea-going service of not less than 12 months as 
officer in charge of a navigational watch; 
(3) satisfy the Administration that he possesses adequate know­
ledge appropriate to his duties on the ships concerned which 
shall include the subjects contained in the Appendix to this 
Regulation. 
(b) OJficer in charge of a navigational watch 
(i) Every officer in charge of a navigational watch on a sea-going ship of 
less than 200 gross register tons engaged on near-coastal voyages 
30 
shall hold an appropriate certificate, 
(ii) Every candidate for certification shall: 
(1) be not less than 18 years of age; 
(2) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, particularly 
regarding eyesight and hearing; 
(3) satisfy the Administration that he has: 
- successfully undergone special training, including an ade­
quate period of appropriate sea-going service as required by 
the Administration; or 
- completed approved sea-going service in the deck depart­
ment of not less than three years; 
(4) satisfy the Administration that he possesses adequate know­
ledge appropriate to his duties on the ships concerned, which 
shall include the subjects contained in the Appendix. 
3. Training 
Training to achieve the necessary knowledge and practical experience shall 
be based on Regulation 11/1 - "Basic Principles to be Observed in Keeping a 
Navigational Watch" and relevant international regulations and recom­
mendations. 
4. Exemptions 
The Administration, if it considers that a ship's size and the conditions of 
its voyage are such as to render the application of the full requirements of this 
Regulation and its Appendix unreassable or impracticable, may to that extent 
exempt the master and the officer in charge of a navigational watch on such a ship 
or class of ships from some of the requirements, bearing in mind the safety of all 
ships which may be operating in the same waters. 
APPENDIX TO REGULATION 11/3 
Minimum knowledge required for certification of officers in 
charge of a navigational watch and of masters of ships of less 
than 200 gross register tons 
(a) Knowledge of the following: 
(i) coastal navigation and, to the extent required, celestial 
navigation; 
(ii) International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea; 
(iii) International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG); 
(iv) magnetic compass; 
(v) radiotelephony and visual signalling; 
(vi) fire prevention and fire-fighting appliances; 
(vii) life-saving; 
31 
(viii) emergency procedures; 
(ix) ship manoeuvring; 
(x) ship stability; 
(xi) meteorology; 
(xii) small ship power plants; 
(xiii) first aid; 
(xiv) search and rescue; 
(xv) prevention of pollution of the marine environment. 
(b) In addition to the requirements of sub-paragraph (a), sufficient 
knowledge to operate safely all navigational aids and equipment 
fitted aboard the ships concerned. 
(c) The level of knowledge to be required in the subjects specified in sub­
paragraphs (a) and (b) shall be sufficient for the officer of the watch to 
carry out his duties safely. 
2. Every master serving on a sea-going ship of less than 200 gross register tons 
shall, in addition to the requirements of paragraph 1 above, satisfy the 
Administration that he possesses the knowledge to carry out all the duties of such 
a master safely. 
Regulation II/4 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification 
of Officers in Charge of a Navigational Watch 
on Ships of 200 Gross Register Tons 
or More 
1. Every officer in charge of a navigational watch serving on a sea-going ship 
of 200 gross register tons or more shall hold an appropriate certificate. 
2. Every candidate for certification shall: 
(a) be not less than 18 years of age; 
(b) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, particularly 
regarding eyesight and hearing; 
(c) have approved sea-going service in the deck department of not less 
than three years which shall include at least six months of bridge 
watchkeeping duties under the supervision of a qualified officer; 
however, an Administration may allow the substitution of a period of 
special training for not more than two years of this approved sea: 
going service, provided the Administration is satisfied that such 
training is at least equivalent in value to the period of sea-going 
service it replaces; 
(d) satisfy the Administration by passing an appropriate examination 
that he possesses adequate theoretical and practical knowledge 
appropriate to his duties. 
32 
3. Certificates for service without restriction 
For issue of certificates for service without restriction as to area of 
operation, the examination shall test the adequacy of the candidate's theoretical 
and practical knowledge in the subjects shown in the Appendix to this 
Regulation. 
4. Restricted certificates 
For issue of restricted certificates for service on near-coastal voyages, the 
Administration may omit the following subjects from those shown in the 
Appendix, bearing in mind the effect on the safety of all ships which may be 
operating in the same waters: 
(a) celestial navigation; 
(b) electronic systems of position fixing and navigation for waters not 
covered by such systems. 
5. Level of knowledge 
(a) The level of knowledge to be required in the subjects shown in the 
Appendix shall be sufficient for the officer of the watch to carry out his 
watchkeeping duties safely. In determining the appropriate level of knowledge 
the Administration shall take into account the remarks under each subject in the 
Appendix. 
(b) Training to achieve the necessary theoretical knowledge and practical 
experience shall be based on Regulation 11/1 - "Basic Principles to be Observed 
in Keeping a Navigational Watch" and relevant international regulations and 
recommendations. 
APPENDIX TO REGULATION II/4 
Minimum knowledge required for certification of 
officers in charge of a navigational watch on 
ships of 200 gross register tons or more 
1. Celestial navigation 
Ability to use celestial bodies to determine the ship's position and compass 
errors. 
2. Terrestrial and coastal navigation 
(a) Ability to determine the ship's position by the use of: 
(i) landmarks; 
(ii) aids to navigation, including lighthouses, beacons and buoys; 
(iii) dead reckoning, taking into account winds, tides, currents and speed 
by propeller revolutions per minute and by log. 
33 
(b) Thorough knowledge of and ability to use navigational charts and 
publications, such as sailing directions, tide tables, notices to mariners, radio 
navigational warnings and ships' routeing information. 
3. Radar navigation 
Knowledge of the fundamentals of radar and ability in the operation and 
use of radar and ability to interpret and analyse information obtained by use of 
radar including the following: 
(a) factors affecting performance and accuracy; 
(b) setting up and maintaining displays; 
(c) detection of misrepresentation of information, false echoes, sea 
return, etc.; 
(d) range and bearing; 
(e) identification of critical echoes; 
(0 course and speed of other ships; 
(g) time and distance of closest approach of crossing, meeting or 
overtaking ships; 
(h) detecting course and speed changes of other ships; 
(i) effect of changes in own ship's course or speed or both; 
(j) application of the International Regulations for Preventing Col­
lisions at Sea. 
4. Watchkeeping 
(a) Demonstrate thorough knowledge of content, application and intent of the 
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, including those 
Annexes concerned with safe navigation. 
(b) Demonstrate knowledge of content of Regulation 11/1 - "Basic Principles 
to be Observed in Keeping a Navigational Watch". 
5. Electronic systems of position fixing and navigation 
Ability to determine the ship's position by the use of electronic navigational 
aids to the satisfaction of the Administration. 
6. Radio direction-finders and echo-sounders 
Ability to operate the equipment and apply the information correctly. 
7. Meteorology 
Knowledge of shipborne meteorological instruments and their application. 
Knowledge of the characteristics of various weather systems, reporting 
procedures and recording systems and "the ability to apply the meteorological 
information available. 
34 
8. Compasses - magnetic and gyro 
Knowledge of the principles of magnetic and gyro-compasses including 
errors and corrections. With regard to gyro-compasses, an understanding of the 
systems under the control of the master gyro and a knowledge of the operation 
and care of the main types of gyro-compasses. 
9. Automatic pilot 
Knowledge of automatic pilot systems and procedures. 
10. Radio telephony and visual signalling 
(a) Ability to transmit and receive messages by morse light. 
(b) Ability to use the International Code of Signals. 
(c) Knowledge of procedures used in radiotelephone communications and 
ability to use radiotelephones, in particular with respect to distress, urgency, 
safety and navigational messages. 
11. Fire prevention and fire-fighting appliances 
(a) Ability to organize fire drills. 
(b) Knowledge of classes and chemistry of fire. 
(c) Knowledge of fire-fighting systems. 
(d) Attendance at an approved fire-fighting course. 
12. Life-saving 
Ability to organize abandon ship drills and knowledge of the operation of 
lifeboats, liferafts, buoyant apparatus and similar life-saving appliances along 
with their equipment, including portable radio apparatus and emergency 
position-indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs). Knowledge of survival at sea 
techniques. 
13. Emergency procedures 
Knowledge of the items listed in the appropriate Appendix of the current 
edition of the 1LO/1M O "Document for Guidance". 
14. Ship manoeuvring and handling 
Knowledge of: 
(a) the effects of various deadweights, draughts, trim, speed and under 
keel clearance on turning circles and stopping distances; 
(b) effects of wind and current on ship handling; 
(c) manoeuvres for the rescue of man-overboard; 
(d) squat, shallow water and similar effects; 
(e) proper procedures for anchoring and mooring. 
35 
15. Ship stability 
(a) Working knowledge and application of stability, trim and stress tables, 
diagrams and stress calculating equipment. 
(b) Understanding of fundamental actions to be taken in the event of partial 
loss of intact buoyancy. 
16. English language 
Adequate knowledge of the English language enabling the officer to use 
charts and other nautical publications, to understand meteorological infor­
mation and messages concerning ship's safety and operation and to express 
himself clearly in his communications with other ships or coast stations. Ability 
to understand and use the IM 0 Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary. 
17. Ship construction 
General knowledge of the principal structural members of a ship and the 
proper names of the various parts. 
18. Cargo han dling and s to wage 
Knowledge of safe handling and stowage of cargoes and the effect of these 
factors on the safety of the ship. 
19. Medical aid 
Practical application of medical guides and advice by radio, including the 
ability to take effective action based on such knowledge in the case of accidents or 
illnesses that are likely to occur on board ship. 
20. Search and rescue 
Knowledge of the IM O Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual 
(MERSAR). 
21. Prevention of pollution of the marine environment 
Knowledge of the precautions to be observed to prevent pollution of the 
marine environment. 
Regulation H/5 
• Mandatory Minimum Requirements to Ensure the Continued 
Proficiency and Updating of Knowledge for Masters 
nnfl Piorlr DfiRrPre 
1. Every master and every deck officer holding a certificate who is serving at 
sea or intends to return to sea after a period ashore shall, in order to continue to 
qualify for sea-going service, be required at regular intervals not exceeding five 
years to satisfy the Administration as to: 
36 
(a) medical fitness, particularly regarding eyesight and hearing; and 
(b) professional competence: 
(i) by approved sea-going service as master or deck officer of at 
least one year during the preceding five years; or 
(ii) by virtue of having performed functions relating to the duties 
appropriate to the grade of certificate held which are considered 
to be at least equivalent to the sea-going service required in 
paragraph l(b)(i); or 
(iii) by one of the following: 
- passing an approved test; or 
- successfully completing an approved course or courses; or 
- having completed approved sea-going service as a deck 
officer for a period of not less than three months in a 
supernumerary capacity immediately prior to taking up the 
rank to which he is entitled by virtue of his certificate. 
2. The Administration shall, in consultation with those concerned, formulate 
or promote the formulation of a structure of refresher and updating courses, 
either voluntary or mandatory, as appropriate, for masters and deck officers who 
are serving at sea, especially for re-entrants to sea-going service. The 
Administration shall ensure that arrangements are made to enable all persons 
concerned to attend such courses as appropriate to their experience and duties. 
Such courses shall be approved by the Administration and include changes in 
marine technology and relevant international regulations and recommendations 
concerning the safety of life at sea and the protection of the marine environment. 
3. Every master and deck officer shall, for continuing sea-going service on 
board ships for which special training requirements have been internationally 
agreed upon, successfully complete an approved relevant training. 
4. The Administration shall ensure that the texts of recent changes in 
international regulations concerning the safety of life at sea and the protection of 
the marine environment are made available to ships under its jurisdiction. 
Regulation II/6 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Ratings 
Forming Part of a Navigational Watch 
I. The minimum requirements for a rating forming part of a navigational 
watch on a sea-going ship of 200 gross register tons or more are set out in 
paragraph 2. These requirements are not those for certification of able seamen*, 
nor, except for ships of limited size, are they minimum requirements for a rating 
who is to be the sole rating of a navigational watch. Administrations may require 
additional training and qualifications for a rating who is to be the sole rating of a 
navigational watch. 
Reference is made to ILO Certification of Able Seamen Convention, 1946 or any successive 
convention. 
37 
2. Every rating forming part of a navigational watch on a sea-going ship of 
200 gross register tons or more shall: 
(a) be not less than 16 years of age; 
(b) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, particularly 
regarding eyesight and hearing; 
(c) satisfy the Administration that he has: 
(i) completed approved sea-going service, including not less than 
six months' sea experience associated, in particular, with 
navigational watchkeeping duties; or 
(ii) successfully undergone special training, either pre-sea or 
aboard ship, including an adequate period of sea-going service 
as required by the Administration which shall be not less than 
two months; 
(d) have experience or training which includes: 
(i) basic principles of fire-fighting, first aid, personal survival 
techniques, health hazards and personal safety; 
(ii) ability to understand orders and make himself understood by 
the officer of the watch in matters relevant to his duties; 
(iii) ability to steer and comply with helm orders, together with 
sufficient knowledge of magnetic and gyro compasses for 
performance of these duties; 
(iv) ability to keep a proper look-out by sight and hearing and 
report the approximate bearing of a sound signal, light or other 
object in degrees or points; 
(v) familiarity with the change-over from automatic pilot to hand 
steering and vice-versa; 
(vi) knowledge of the use of appropriate internal communication 
and alarm systems; 
(vii) knowledge of pyrotechnic distress signals; 
(viii) knowledge of his emergency duties; 
(ix) knowledge of shipboard terms and definitions appropriate to 
his duties. 
3. The experience, service or training required by paragraphs 2(c) and (d) may 
be acquired through performance of duties associated with navigational 
watchkeeping, but only if such duties are carried out under the direct supervision 
of the master, officer in charge of the navigational watch or a qualified rating. 
4. Administrations shall ensure that an authorized document is issued to 
every seafarer who by experience or training is qualified in accordance with this 
Regulation to serve as a rating forming part of a navigational watch, or that his 
existing document is duly endorsed. 
38 
Regulation 11/7 
Basic Principles to be Observed 
in Keeping a Watch in Port 
1. On any ship safely moored or safely at anchor under normal circumstances 
in port, the master shall arrange for an appropriate and effective watch to be 
maintained for the purpose of safety. 
2. In organizing the watches note shall be taken of the provisions of the 
"Recommendation on Principles and Operational Guidance for Deck Officers in 
Charge of a Watch in Port" and the "Recommendation on Principles and 
Operational Guidance for Engineer Officers in Charge of an Engineering Watch 
in Port" adopted by the International Conference on Training and Certification 
of Seafarers, 1978. 
Regulation II/8 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for a Watch in Port on Ships 
Carrying Hazardous Cargo 
1. The master of every ship carrying cargo in bulk that is hazardous - whether 
it is, or may be, explosive, flammable, toxic, health-threatening or environment 
polluting- shall ensure that a safe deck watch and a safe engineering watch are 
maintained by the ready availability on board of a duly qualified officer or 
officers, and ratings where appropriate, even when the ship is safely moored or 
safely at anchor in port. 
2. The master of every ship carrying hazardous cargo other than in bulk -
whether it is, or may be, explosive, flammable, toxic, health-threatening or 
environment polluting - shall in organizing safe watchkeeping arrangements 
take full account of the nature, quantity, packing and stowage of the hazardous 
cargo and of any special conditions on board, afloat and ashore. 
3. In organizing the watches full account shall be taken of the "Recom­
mendation on Principles and Operational Guidance for Deck Officers in Charge 
of a Watch in Port" and the "Recommendation on Principles and Operational 
Guidance for.Engineer Officers in Charge of an Engineering Watch in Port" 
adopted by the International Conference on Training and Certification of 
Seafarers, 1978. 
39 
ANNEX II 
ENGINE DEPARTMENT 
Regulation III/1 
Basic Principles to be Observed in 
Keeping an Engineering Watch 
Member States 
shall di 1. shall direct the attention of shipowners, ship operators, masters, 
chief engineer officers and watchkeeping personnel to the following principles 
which shall be observed to ensure that a safe engineering watch is maintained at 
all times. 
2. The term "watch" is used in this Regulation to mean either a group of 
personnel composing the watch or a period of responsibility for an engineer 
officer during which his physical presence in the machinery space may or may not 
be required. 
3. The basic principles, including but not limited to the following, shall be 
taken into account on all ships. 
4. General 
(a) The chief engineer officer of every ship is bound, in consultation with the 
master, to ensure that watchkeeping arrangements are adequate to maintain a 
safe watch. When deciding the composition of the watch, which may include 
appropriate engine room ratings, the following criteria, inter alia, shall be taken 
into account: 
(i) type of ship; 
(ii) type and condition of the machinery; 
(iii) special modes of operation dictated by conditions such as weather, 
ice, contaminated water, shallow water, emergency conditions, 
damage containment or pollution abatement; 
(iv) qualifications and experience of the watch; 
(v) safety of life, ship, cargo and port, and protection of the environment; 
(vi) observance of international, national and local regulations; 
(vii) maintaining the normal operations of the ship. 
(b) Under the direction of the chief engineer officer, the engineer officer in 
charge of the watch shall be responsible for the inspection, operation and testing," 
as required, of all machinery and equipment under his responsibility. The 
engineer officer in charge of a watch is the chief engineer officer's representative 
and his primary responsibility, at all times, shall be the safe and efficient 
operation and up-keep of machinery affecting the safety of the ship. 
(c) The chief engineer officer shall, in consultation with the master, determine 
40 
in advance the needs of the intended voyage, taking into consideration the 
requirements for fuel, water, lubricants, chemicals, expendable and other spare 
parts, tools, supplies and any other requirements. 
5. Operation 
(a) The engineer officer in charge of the watch shall ensure that the established 
watchkeeping arrangements are maintained. Under his general direction engine 
room ratings, if forming part of the watch, shall be required to assist in the safe 
and efficient operation of the propulsion machinery and the auxiliary equipment. 
(b) At the commencement of the engineering watch, the current operational 
parameters and condition of all machinery shall be verified. Any machinery not 
functioning properly, expected to malfunction or requiring special service, shall 
be noted along with any action already taken. Plans shall be made for any further 
action if required. 
(c) The engineer officer in charge of the watch shall ensure that the main 
propulsion plant and auxiliary systems are kept under constant surveillance, 
inspections are made of the machinery and steering gear spaces at suitable 
intervals and appropriate action is taken to remedy any malfunction discovered. 
(d) When the machinery spaces are in the manned condition, the engineer 
officer in charge of the watch shall at all times be readily capable of operating the 
propulsion equipment in response to needs for changes in direction or speed. 
When the machinery spaces are in the periodic unmanned condition, the 
designated duty engineer officer in charge of the watch shall be immediately 
available and on call to attend the machinery spaces. 
(e) All bridge orders shall be promptly executed. Changes in direction or speed 
of the main propulsion unit shall be recorded, except where an Administration 
determines that the size or characteristics of a particular ship make such 
recording impracticable. The engineer officer in charge of the watch shall ensure 
that the main propulsion unit controls, when in the manual mode of operation, 
are continuously attended under standby or manoeuvring conditions. 
(0 The engineer officer in charge of the watch shall not be assigned or 
undertake any duties which would interfere with his supervisory duty in respect 
of the main propulsion system and its ancillary equipment and he shall ensure 
that the main propulsion system and auxiliary equipment are kept under 
constant surveillance until he is properly relieved. 
(g) Due attention shall be paid to the maintenance and support of all 
machinery, including mechanical, electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic systems, 
their control apparatus and associated safety equipment, all accommodation 
service systems equipment and the recording of stores and spare gear usage. 
(h) The chief engineer officer shall ensure that the engineer officer in charge of 
the watch is informed of all preventive maintenance, damage control, or repair 
operations to be performed during the watch. The engineer officer in charge of 
the watch shall be responsible for the isolation, by-passing and adjustment of all 
machinery under his responsibility that is to be worked on, and shall record all 
work carried out. 
(i) Before going off duty, the engineer officer in charge of the watch shall 
ensure that all events related to the main and auxiliary machinery are suitably 
recorded. 
41 
(j) To avoid any danger to the safety of the ship and its crew, the engineer 
officer in charge of the watch shall notify the bridge immediately in the event of 
fire, impending actions in machinery spaces that may cause reduction in ship's 
speed, imminent steering failure, stoppage of the ship's propulsion system or any 
alteration in the generation of electric power, or similar threat to safety. This 
notification, where possible, shall be accomplished before changes are made in 
order to afford the bridge the maximum available time to take whatever actions 
are possible to avoid a potential marine casualty. 
(k) When the engine room is put in a standby condition, the engineer officer in 
charge of the watch shall ensure that all machinery and equipment which may be 
used during manoeuvring is in a state of immediate readiness and that an 
adequate reserve of power is available for steering gear and other requirements. 
6. Watch requirements 
(a) Every member of the watch shall be familiar with his assigned watchkeep­
ing duties. In addition, every member shall have with respect to that ship: 
(i) knowledge of the use of appropriate internal communication 
systems; 
(ii) knowledge of escape routes from machinery spaces; 
(iii) knowledge of engine room alarm systems and the ability to 
distinguish between the various alarms with special reference to the 
C02 alarm; 
(iv) knowledge of the positions and use of the fire-fighting equipment in 
the machinery spaces. 
(b) The composition of an underway watch shall, at all times, be adequate to 
ensure the safe operation of all machinery affecting the operation of the ship, in 
either automated or manual mode arid be appropriate to the prevailing 
circumstances and conditions. To achieve this, the following, inter alia, shall be 
taken into acount: 
(i) adequate supervision, at all times, of machinery affecting the safe 
operation of the ship; 
(ii) condition and reliability of any remotely operated propulsion and 
steering equipment and their controls, control location and the 
procedures involved in placing them in a manual mode of operation 
in the event of break-down or emergency; 
(iii) location and operation of fixed fire detection, fire extinction or fire 
containment devices and apparatus; 
(iv) use and operational condition of auxiliary, standby and emergency 
equipment affecting the safe navigation, mooring or docking 
operations of the ship; 
(v) steps and procedures necessary to maintain the condition of 
machinery installations in order to ensure their efficient operation 
during all modes of ship operation; 
(vi) any other demands on the watch which may arise as a result of special 
operating circumstances. 
(c) At an unsheltered anchorage the chief engineer officer shall consult with the 
master whether or not to maintain an underway watch. 
42 
7. Fitness for duty 
The watch system shall be such that the efficiency of the watch is not 
impaired by fatigue. Duties shall be so organized by the chief engineer officer that 
the first watch at the commencement of a voyage and the subsequent relieving 
watches are sufficiently rested and otherwise fit for duty. 
8. Protection of the marine environment 
All engineer officers and engine room ratings shall be aware of the serious 
effects of operational or accidental pollution of the marine environment and shall 
take all possible precautions to prevent such pollution, particularly within the 
framework of relevant international and port regulations. 
Regulation III/2 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification of Chief 
Engineer Ojficers and Second Engineer Officers of Ships 
Powered by Main Propulsion Machinery of 
3 000 k W Propulsion Power or More 
1. Every chief engineer officer and second engineer officer of a sea-going ship 
powered by main propulsion machinery of 3 000 kW propulsion power or more 
shall hold an appropriate certificate. 
2. Every candidate for certification shall: 
(a) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, including eyesight 
and hearing; 
(b) meet the requirements for certification as an engineer officer in charge 
of a watch; and 
(i) for certification as second engineer officer, have not less than 12 
months' approved sea-going service as assistant engineer officer 
or engineer officer; 
(ii) for certification as chief engineer officer, have not less than 36 
months' approved sea-going service of which not less than 12 
months shall be served as an engineer officer in a position of 
responsibility while qualified to serve as second engineer officer; 
(c) have attended an approved practical fire-fighting course; 
(d) have passed appropriate examination to the satisfaction of the 
Administration. Such examination shall include the material set out 
in the Appendix to this Regulation, except that the Administration 
may vary these examination requirements for officers of ships with, 
limited propulsion power that are engaged on near-coastal voyages, 
as it considers necessary, bearing in mind the effect on the safety of all 
ships which may be operating in the same waters. 
3. Training to achieve the necessary theoretical knowledge and practical 
experience shall take into account relevant international regulations and 
recommendations. 
.43 
4. The level of knowledge required under the dillerent paragraphs of the 
Appendix may be varied according to whether the certificate is being issued at 
chief engineer officer or second engineer officer level. 
APPENDIX TO REGULATION III/2 
Minimum knowledge required for certification of chief 
engineer officers and second engineer officers of 
ships powered by main propulsion machinery of 
3 000 kW propulsion power or more 
1. The syllabus given below is compiled for examination of candidates for 
certification as chief engineer officer or second engineer officer of ships powered 
by main propulsion machinery of 3 000 kW propulsion power or more. Bearing 
in mind that a second engineer officer shall be in a position to assume the 
responsibilities of a chief engineer officer at any time, examination in these 
subjects shall be designed to test the candidate's ability to assimilate all available 
information that affects the safe operation of the ship's machinery. 
2. With respect to paragraph 4(a) below, the Administration may omit 
knowledge requirements for types of propulsion machinery other than those 
machinery installations for which the certificate to be awarded shall be valid. A 
certificate awarded on such a basis shall not be valid for any category of 
machinery installation which has been omitted until the engineer officer proves to 
be competent in these items to the satisfaction of the Administration. Any such 
limitation shall be stated in the certificate. 
3. Every candidate shall'possess theoretical knowledge in the following 
subjects: 
(a) thermodynamics and heat transmission; 
(b) mechanics and hydromechanics; 
(c) operational principles of ships' power installations (diesel, steam and 
gas turbine) and refrigeration; 
(d) physical and chemical properties of fuels and lubricants; 
(e) technology of materials; 
(0 chemistry and physics of fire and extinguishing agents; 
(g) marine electrotechnology, electronics and electrical equipment; 
(h) fundamentals of automation, instrumentation and control systems; 
(i) naval architecture and ship construction, including damage control. 
4. Every candidate shall possess adequate practical knowledge in at least the 
following subjects: 
(a) operation and maintenance of: 
(i) marine diesel engines; 
(ii) marine steam propulsion plant; 
44 
(iii) marine gas turbines; 
(b) operation and maintenance of auxiliary machinery, including 
pumping and piping systems, auxiliary boiler plant and steering gear 
systems; 
(c) operation, testing and maintenance of electrical and control 
equipment; 
(d) operation and maintenance of cargo handling equipment and deck 
machinery; 
(e) detection of machinery malfunction, location of faults and action to 
prevent damage; 
(f) organization of safe maintenance and repair procedures; 
(g) methods of, and aids for, fire prevention, detection and extinction; 
(h) methods and aids to prevent pollution of the environment by ships; 
(i) regulations to be observed to prevent pollution of the marine 
environment; 
(j) effects of marine pollution on the environment; 
(k) first aid related to injuries which might be expected in machinery 
spaces and use of first aid equipment; 
(1) functions and use of life-saving appliances; 
(m) methods of damage control; 
(n) safe working practices. 
5. Every candidate shall possess a knowledge of international maritime law 
embodied in international agreements and conventions as they affect the specific 
obligations and responsibilities of the engine department, particularly those 
concerning safety and the protection of the marine environment. The extent of 
knowledge of national maritime legislation is left to the discretion of the 
Administration but shall include national arrangements for implementing 
international agreements and conventions. 
6. Every candidate shall possess a knowledge of personnel management, 
organization and training aboard ships. 
Regulation III/3 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification of Chief 
Engineer Officers and Second Engineer Officers of Ships 
Powered by Main Propulsion Machinery between 750 kW 
and 3 000 k W Propulsion Power 
1. Every chief engineer officer and second engineer officer of a sea-going ship 
powered by main propulsion machinery of between 750 and 3 000 kW propulsion 
power shall hold an appropriate certificate. 
2. Every candidate for certification shall: 
(a) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, including eyesight 
and hearing; 
45 
(b) meet the requirements for certification as an engineer officer in charge 
of a watch; and 
(i) for certification as second engineer officer, have not less than 12 
months' approved sea-going service as assistant.engineer officer 
or engineer officer; 
(ii) for certification as chief engineer officer, have not less than 24 
months' approved sea-going service of which not less than 12 
months shall be served while qualified to serve as second 
engineer officer; 
(c) have attended an approved practical fire-fighting course; 
(d) have passed appropriate examination to the satisfaction of the 
Administration. Such examination shall include the material set out 
in the Appendix to this Regulation, except that the Administration 
may vary the requirements for examination and sea-going service for 
officers of ships engaged on near-coastal voyages, bearing in mind the 
types of automatic and remotely operated controls with which such 
ships are fitted and the etfect on the safety of all ships which may be 
operating in the same waters. 
3. Training to achieve the necessary theoretical knowledge and practical 
experience shall take into account relevant international regulations and 
recommendations. 
4. The level of knowledge required under the different paragraphs of the 
Appendix may be varied according to whether the certificate is being issued at 
chief engineer officer or second engineer officer level. 
5. Every engineer officer who is qualified to serve as second engineer officer of 
ships powered by main propulsion machinery of 3 000 kW propulsion power or 
more, may serve as chief engineer officer of ships powered by main propulsion 
machinery of less than 3 000 kW propulsion power provided that not less than 12 
months' approved sea-going service shall have been served as an engineer officer 
in a position of responsibility. 
APPENDIX TO REGULATION III/3 
Minimum knowledge required for certification of chief 
engineer officers and second engineer officers of ships 
powered by main propulsion machinery of between 750 kW 
and 3 000 kW propulsion power 
1. The syllabus given below is compiled for examination of candidates for 
certification as chief engineer officer or second engineer officer of ships powered 
by main propulsion machinery of between 750 kW and 3 000 kW propulsion 
power. Bearing in mind that a second engineer officer shall be in a position to 
assume the responsibilities of the chief engineer officer at any time, examination 
in these subjects shall be designed to test the candidate's ability to assimilate all 
available information that affects the safe operation of the ship's machinery. 
2. With respect to paragraphs 3(d) and 4(a) below, the Administration may 
omit knowledge requirements for types of propulsion machinery other than 
46 
those machinery installations for which the certificate to be awarded shall be 
valid. A certificate awarded on such a basis shall not be valid for any category of 
machinery installation which has been omitted until the engineer officer proves to 
be competent in these items to the satisfaction of the Administration. Any such 
limitation shall be stated in the certificate. 
3. Every candidate shall possess sufficient elementary theoretical knowledge 
to understand the basic principles involved in the following subjects: 
(a) combustion processes; 
(b) heat transmission; 
(c) mechanics and hydromechanics; 
(d) (i) marine diesel engines; 
(ii) marine steam propulsion plant; 
(iii) marine gas turbines; 
(e) steering gear systems; 
(0 properties of fuels and lubricants; 
(g) properties of materials; 
(h) fire-extinguishing agents; 
(i) marine electrical equipment; 
(j) automation, instrumentation and control systems; 
(k) ship construction, including damage control; 
(1) auxiliary systems. 
4. Every candidate shall possess adequate practical knowledge, in at least the 
following subjects: 
(a) operation and maintenance of: 
(i) marine diesel engines; 
(ii) marine steam propulsion plant; 
(iii) marine gas turbines; 
(b) operation and maintenance of auxiliary machinery systems, includ­
ing steering gear systems; 
(c) operation, testing and maintenance of electrical and control 
equipment; 
(d) operation and maintenance of cargo handling equipment and deck 
machinery; 
(e) detection of machinery malfunction, location of faults and action to 
prevent damage; 
(0 organization of safe maintenance and repair procedures; 
(g) methods of, and aids for, fire prevention, detection and extinction; 
(h) regulations to be observed regarding pollution of the marine 
environment and methods and aids to prevent such pollution; 
47 
(i) first aid related to injuries which might be expected in machinery 
spaces and use of first aid equipment; 
(j) functions and use of life-saving appliances; 
(k) methods of damage control with specific reference to action to be 
taken in the event of flooding of sea water into the engine room; 
(1) safe working practices. 
5. Every candidate shall possess a knowledge of international maritime law as 
embodied in international agreements and conventions as they affect the specific 
obligations and responsibilities of the engine department, particularly those 
concerning safety and the protection of the marine environment. The extent of 
knowledge of national maritime legislation is left to the discretion of the 
Administration but shall include national arrangements for implementing 
international agreements and conventions. 
6. Every candidate shall possess a knowledge of personnel management, 
organization and training aboard ships. 
Regulation III/4 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification of 
Engineer Officers in Charge of a Watch in a 
Traditionally Manned Engine Room or 
Designated Duty Engineer Officers in a 
Periodically Unmanned Engine Room 
1. Every engineer officer in charge of a watch in a traditionally manned engine 
room or the designated duty engineer officer in a periodically unmanned engine 
room on a sea-going ship powered by main propulsion machinery of 750 kW 
propulsion power or more shall hold an appropriate certificate. 
2. Every candidate for certification shall: 
(a) be not less than 18 years of age; 
(b) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, including eyesight 
and hearing; 
(c) have not less than a total of three years approved education or 
training, relevant to the duties of a marine engineer; 
(d) have completed an adequate period of sea-going service which may 
have been included within the period of three years stated in sub-, 
paragraph (c); 
(e) satisfy the Administration that he has the theoretical and practical 
knowledge of the operation and maintenance of marine machinery 
appropriate to the duties of an engineer officer; 
(0 have attended an approved practical fire-fighting course; 
(g) have knowledge of safe working practices. 
48 
The Administration may vary the requirement of sub-paragraphs (c) and (d) for 
engineer officers of ships powered by main propulsion machinery of less than 
3 000 kW propulsion power engaged on near-coastal voyages, bearing in mind 
the effect on the safety of all ships which may be operating in the same waters. 
3. Every candidate shall have knowledge of the operation and maintenance of 
main and auxiliary machinery, which shall include knowledge of relevant 
regulatory requirements and also knowledge of at least the following specific 
items: 
(a) Watchkeeping routines 
(i) duties associated with taking over and accepting a watch; 
(ii) routine duties undertaken during a watch; 
(iii) maintenance of the machinery space log book and the 
significance of readings taken; 
(iv) duties associated with handing over a watch. 
(b) Main and auxiliary machinery 
(i) assisting in the preparation of main machinery and preparation 
of auxiliary machinery for operation; 
(ii) operation of steam boilers, including combustion system; 
(iii) methods of checking water level in steam boilers and action 
necessary if water level is abnormal; 
(iv) location of common faults of machinery and plant in engine 
and boiler rooms and action necessary to prevent damage. 
(c) Pumping systems 
(i) routine pumping operations; 
(ii) operation of bilge, ballast and cargo pumping systems. 
(d) Generating plant 
Preparing, starting, coupling and changing over alternators or 
generators. 
(e) Safety and emergency procedures 
(i) safety precautions to be observed during a watch and 
immediate actions to be taken in the event of a fire or accident, 
with particular reference to oil systems; 
(ii) safe isolation of electrical and other types of plant and 
equipment required before personnel are permitted to work on 
such plant and equipment. 
(0 Anti-pollution procedures 
The precautions to be observed to prevent pollution of the 
environment by oil, cargo residue, sewage, smoke or other pollutants. 
The use of pollution prevention equipment, including oily water 
separators, sludge tank systems and sewage disposal plant. 
49 
(g) First aid 
Basic first aid related to injuries which might be expected in 
machinery spaces. 
4. Where steam boilers do not form part of a ship's machinery, the 
Administration may omit the knowledge requirements of paragraphs 3(b)(ii) and 
(iii). A certificate awarded on such a basis shall not be valid for service on ships in 
which steam boilers form part of a ship's machinery until the engineer officer 
proves to be competent in the omitted items to the satisfaction of the 
Administration. Any such limitations shall be stated in the certificate. 
5. The training to achieve the necessary theoretical knowledge and practical 
experience shall take into account relevant international regulations and 
recommendations. 
Regulation III/5 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements to Ensure the 
Continued Proficiency and Updating of 
Knowledge for Engineer Officers 
1. Every engineer officer holding a certificate who is serving at sea or intends 
to return to sea after a period ashore shall, in order to continue to qualify for sea­
going service in the rank appropriate to his certificate, be required at regular 
intervals not exceeding five years to satisfy the Administration as to: 
(a) medical fitness, including eyesight and hearing; and 
(b) professional competence: 
(i) by approved service as an engineer officer of at least one year 
during the preceding five years; or 
(ii) by virtue of having performed functions relating to the duties 
appropriate to the grade of certificate held which is considered 
to be at least equivalent to the sea-going service required in 
paragraph l(b)(i); or 
(iii) by one of the following: 
- passing an approved test; or 
- successfully completing an approved course or courses; or 
- having completed approved sea-going service as an engineer 
officer for a period of not less than three months in a 
supernumerary capacity, or in a lower rank than that for 
which he holds the certificate, immediately prior to taking up 
the rank to which he is entitled by virtue of his certificate. 
2. The course or courses referred to in paragraph l(b)(iii) shall include, in 
particular, changes in the relevant international regulations and recom­
mendations concerning the safety of life at sea and the protection of the marine 
environment. 
50 
3. The Administration shall ensure that the texts of recent changes in 
international regulations concerning the safety of life at sea and the protection of 
the marine environment are made available to ships under its jurisdiction. 
Regulation IÏI/6 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Ratings Forming Part of 
an Engine Room Watch 
1. The minimum requirements for a rating if forming part of an engine room 
watch shall be as set out in paragraph 2. These requirements are not for: 
(a) a rating nominated as the assistant to the engineer officer in charge of 
the watch*; 
(b) a rating who is under training; 
(c) a rating whose duties while on watch are of an unskilled nature. 
2. Every rating forming part of an engine room watch shall: 
(a) be not less than 16 years of age; 
(b) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, including eyesight 
and hearing; 
(c) satisfy the Administration as to: 
(i) experience or training regarding fire-fighting, basic first aid, 
personal survival techniques, health hazards and personal 
safety; 
(ii) ability to understand orders, and make himself understood in 
matters relevant to his duties; 
(d) satisfy the Administration that he has: 
(i) shore experience relevant to his sea-going duties supplemented 
by an adequate period of sea-going service as required by the 
Administration; or 
(ii) undergone special training either pre-sea or on board ship, 
including an adequate period of sea-going service as required 
by the Administration; or 
(iii) approved sea-going service of at least six months. 
3. Every such rating shall have knowledge of: 
(a) engine room watchkeeping procedures and the ability to carry out a 
watch routine appropriate to his duties; 
(b) safe working practices as related to engine room operations;. 
(c) terms used in machinery spaces and names of machinery and 
equipment relative to his duties; 
Reference is made to Resolution 9 -"Recommendation on Minimum Requirements for a Rating 
nominated as the Assistant to the Engineer Officer in Charge of the Watch" adopted by the 
International Conference on Training and Certification of Seafarers, 1978. 
51 
(d) basic environmental protection procedures. 
4. Every rating required to keep a boiler watch shall have knowledge of the 
safe operation of boilers, and shall have the ability to maintain the correct water 
levels and steam pressures. 
5. Every rating forming part of an engine room watch shall be familiar with 
his watchkeeping duties in the machinery spaces on the ship on which he is to 
serve. In particular, with respect to that ship the rating shall have: 
(a) knowledge of the use of appropriate internal communication 
systems; 
(b) knowledge of escape routes from machinery spaces; 
(c) knowledge of engine room alarm systems and ability to distinguish 
between the various alarms with special reference to fire extinguish­
ing gas alarms; 
(d) familiarity with the location and use of fire-fighting equipment in the 
machinery spaces. 
6. A seafarer may be considered by the Administration to have met the 
requirements of this Regulation if he has served in a relevant capacity in the 
engine department for a period of not less than one year within the last five years 
preceding the entry into force of the Convention for that Administration. 
5Z 
ANNEX III 
Reputation IV/1 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for 
Certification of Radio Officers 
1. Every radio officer in charge of, or performing, radio duties in a ship shall 
hold an appropriate certificate or certificates issued or recognized by the 
Administration under the provisions of the Radio Regulations, and have 
adequate qualifying service. 
2. In addition, a radio officer shall: 
(a) be not less than 18 years of age; 
(b) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, particularly 
regarding eyesight, hearing and speech; 
(c) meet the requirements of the Appendix to this Regulation. 
3. Every candidate for a certificate shall be required to pass an examination or 
examinations to the satisfaction of the Administration concerned. 
4. The level of knowledge required for certification shall be sufficient for the 
radio officer to carry out his radio duties safely and efficiently. In determining the 
appropriate level of knowledge and the training necessary to achieve that 
knowledge and practical ability, the Administration shall take into account the 
requirements of the Radio Regulations and the Appendix to this Regulation. 
Administrations shall also take into account the relevant resolutions adopted by 
the International Conference on Training and Certification of Seafarers, 1978, 
and relevant IM O recommendations. 
53 
APPENDIX TO REGULATION 1V/1 
Minimum additional knowledge and training 
requirements for radio officers 
In addition to satisfying the requirements for the issue of a certificate in 
compliance with the Radio Regulations, radio officers shall have knowledge and 
training, including practical training, in the following: 
(a) the provision of radio services in emergencies, including: 
(i) abandon ship; 
(ii) fire aboard ship; 
(iii) partial or full breakdown of the radio station; 
(b) the operation of lifeboats, liferafts, buoyant apparatus and their 
equipment, with special reference to portable and fixed lifeboat radio 
apparatus and emergency position-indicating radio beacons; 
(c) survival at sea; 
(d) first aid; 
(e) fire prevention and fire-fighting with particular reference to the radio 
installation; 
(0 preventive measures for the safety of ship and personnel in connexion 
with hazards related to radio equipment, including electrical, 
radiation, chemical and mechanical hazards; 
(g) the use of the IM O Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual 
(MERSAR) with particular reference to radiocommunications; 
(h) ship position-reporting systems and procedures; 
(i) the use of the International Code of Signals and the IM O Standard 
Marine Navigational Vocabulary; 
(j) radio medical systems and procedures. 
Regulation IV/2 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements to Ensure the 
Continued Proficiency and Updating of 
Knowledge for Radio Officers 
1. Every radio officer holding a certificate or certificates issued or recognized 
by the Administration shall, in order to continue to qualify for sea-going service, 
be required to satisfy the Administration as to the following: 
(a) medical fitness, particularly regarding eyesight, hearing and speech, 
at regular intervals not exceeding five years; and 
(b) professional competence: 
54 
(i) by approved radiocommunications service as a radio officer 
with no single interruption of service exceeding five years; 
(ii) following such interruption, by passing an approved test or 
successfully completing an approved training course or courses 
at sea or ashore, which shall include elements that are of direct 
relevance to the safety of life at sea and modern radiocom­
munication equipment and may also include radionavigation 
. equipment. 
2. When new modes, equipment or practices are being introduced aboard 
ships entitled to fly its flag, the Administration may require radio officers to pass 
an approved test or successfully complete an appropriate training course or 
courses, at sea or ashore, with particular reference to safety duties. 
3. Every radio officer shall, to continue to qualify for sea-going service on 
board particular types of ships for which special training requirements have been 
internationally agreed upon, successfully complete approved relevant training or 
examinations which shall take into account relevant international regulations 
and recommendations. 
4. The Administration shall ensure that the texts of recent changes in 
international regulations relating to radiocommunications and relevant to the 
safety of life at sea, are available to ships under its jurisdiction. 
5. Administrations are encouraged, in consultation with those concerned, to 
formulate or promote the formulation of a structure of refresher and updating 
courses, either voluntary or mandatory, as appropriate, at sea or ashore, for 
radio officers who are serving at sea and especially for re-entrants to sea-going 
service. The course or courses shall include elements that are of direct relevance 
to radio duties and include changes in marine radiocommunication technology 
and relevant international regulations and recommendations* concerning the 
safety of life at sea. 
Regulation IV/3 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification 
of Radiotelephone Operators 
1. Every radiotelephone operator in charge of, or performing, radio duties in 
a ship shall hold an appropriate certificate or certificates issued or recognized by 
the Administration under the provisions of the Radio Regulations. 
2. In addition, such radiotelephone operator of a ship which is required to 
have a radiotelephone station by the International Convention for the Safety of 
Life at Sea, shall: 
(a) be not less than 18 years of age; 
(b) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness,' particularly 
regarding eyesight, hearing and speech; 
(c) meet the requirements of the Appendix to this Regulation. 
Including any IM O recommendations concerning the development of the maritime distress 
system. 
55 
3. Every candidate for a certificate shall be required to pass an examination or 
examinations to the satisfaction of the Administration concerned. 
4. The level of knowledge required for certification shall be sufficient for the 
radiotelephone operator to carry out his radio duties safely and efficiently. In 
determining the appropriate level of knowledge and the training necessary to 
achieve that knowledge and practical ability, the Administration shall take into 
account the requirements of the Radio Regulations and the Appendix to this 
Regulation. Administrations shall also take into account the relevant resolutions 
adopted by the International Conference on Training and Certification of 
Seafarers, 1978, and relevant IM O recommendations. 
APPENDIX TO REGULATION IV/3 
Minimum additional knowledge and training requirements 
for radiotelephone operators 
In addition to satisfying the requirements for the issue of a certificate in 
compliance with the Radio Regulations, radiotelephone operators shall have 
knowledge and training, including practical training, in the following: 
(a) the provision of radio services in emergencies, including: 
(i) abandon ship; 
(ii) fire aboard ship; 
(iii) partial or full breakdown of the radio station; 
(b) the operation of lifeboats, liferafts, buoyant apparatus and their 
equipment, with special reference to portable and fixed lifeboat radio 
apparatus and emergency position-indicating radio beacons; 
(c) survival at sea; 
(d) first aid; 
(e) fire prevention and fire-fighting with particular reference to the radio 
installation; 
(f) preventive measures for the safety of ship and personnel in connexion 
with hazards related to radio equipment, including electrical, 
radiation, chemical and mechanical hazards; 
(g) the use of the IM O Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual 
(MERSAR) with particular reference to radiocommunications; 
(h) ship position-reporting systems and procedures; 
(i) the use of the International Code of Signals and the IM O Standard 
Marine Navigational Vocabulary; 
(j) radio medical systems and procedures. 
S6 
ANNEX 
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TANKERS 
Refutation V/1 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for the Training and Qualifications 
of Masters, Officers and Ratings of Oil Tankers 
1. Officers and ratings who are to have specific duties, and responsibilities 
related to those duties, in connexion with cargo and cargo equipment on oil 
tankers and who have not served on board an oil tanker as part of the regular 
complement, before carrying out such duties shall have completed an 
appropriate shore-based fire-fighting course; and 
(a) an appropriate period of supervised shipboard service in order to 
acquire adequate knowledge of safe operational practices; or 
(b) an approved oil tanker familiarization course which includes basic 
safety and pollution prevention precautions and procedures, layouts 
of different types of oil tankers, types of cargo, their hazards and their 
handling equipment, general operational sequence and oil tanker 
terminology. 
2. Masters, chief engineer officers, chief mates, second engineer officers and, if 
other than the foregoing, any person with the immediate responsibility for 
loading, discharging and care in transit or handling of cargo, in addition to the 
provisions of paragraph 1, shall have: 
(a) relevant experience appropriate to their duties on oil tankers; and 
(b) completed a specialized training programme appropriate to their 
duties, including oil tanker safety, fire safety measures and systems, 
pollution prevention and control, operational practice and obli­
gations under applicable laws and regulations. 
Regulation V/2 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for the Training 
and Qualifications of Masters. Officers and 
Ratings of Chemical Tankers 
1. Officers and ratings who are to have specific duties, and responsibilities 
related to those duties, in connexion with cargo and cargo equipment on 
chemical tankers and who have not served on board a chemical tanker as part of 
the regular complement, before carrying out such duties shall have completed an 
appropriate shore-based fire-fighting course; and. 
57 
(a) an appropriate period of supervised shipboard service in order to 
acquire adequate knowledge of safe operational practices; or 
(b) an approved chemical tanker familiarization course which includes 
basic safety and pollution prevention precautions and procedures, 
layouts of dillerent types of chemical tankers, types of cargo, their 
hazards and their handling equipment, general operational sequence 
and chemical tanker terminology. 
2. Masters, chief engineer officers, chief mates, second engineer officers and, if 
other than the foregoing, any person with the immediate responsibility for 
loading, discharging and care in transit or handling of cargo, in addition to the 
provisions of paragraph 1, shall have: 
(a) relevant experience appropriate to their duties on chemical tankers; 
and 
(b) completed a specialized training programme appropriate to their 
duties including chemical tanker safety, fire safety measures and 
systems, pollution prevention and control, operational practice and 
obligations under applicable laws and regulations. 
Regulation V/3 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for the Training and 
Qualifications of Masters, Officers and Ratings 
of Liquefied Gas Tankers 
1. Officers and ratings who are to have specific duties, and responsibilities 
related to those duties, in connexion with cargo and cargo equipment on liquefied 
gas tankers and who have not served on board a liquefied gas tanker as part of the 
regular complement, before carrying out such duties shall have completed an 
appropriate shore-based fire-fighting course; and 
(a) an appropriate period of supervised shipboard service in order to 
acquire adequate knowledge of safe operational practices; or 
(b) an approved liquefied gas tanker familiarization course which 
includes basic safety and pollution prevention precautions and 
procedures, layouts of different types of liquefied gas tankers, types of 
cargo, their hazards and their handling equipment, general oper­
ational sequence and liquefied gas tanker terminology. 
2. Masters, chief engineer officers, chief mates, second engineer officers and, if 
other than the foregoing, any person with the immediate responsibility for 
loading, discharging and care in transit or handling of cargo, in addition to the 
provisions of paragraph 1, shall have: 
(a) relevant experience appropriate to their duties on liquefied gas 
tankers; and 
58 
(b) completed a specialized training programme appropriate to their 
duties including liquefied gas tanker safety, fire safety measures and 
systems, pollution prevention and control, operational practice and 
obligations under applicable laws and regulations. 
59 
ANNEX VI 
PROFICIENCY IN SURVIVAL CRAFT 
Regulation VI/1 
Mandatory Minimum Requirements for the Issue of 
Certificates of Proficiency in Survival Craft 
Every seafarer to be issued with a certificate of proficiency in survival craft 
shall: 
(a) be not less than 174 years of age; 
(b) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness; 
(c) have approved sea-going service of not less than 12 months or have 
attended an approved training course and have approved sea-going 
service of not less than nine months; 
(d) satisfy the Administration by examination or by continuous 
assessment during an approved training course that he possesses 
knowledge of the contents of the Appendix to this Regulation; 
(e) demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Administration by examination 
or by continuous assessment during an approved training course that 
he possesses the ability to: 
(i) don a life-jacket correctly; safely jump from a height into the 
water; board a survival craft from the water while wearing a 
life-jacket; 
(ii) right an inverted liferaft while wearing a life-jacket; 
(iii) interpret the markings on survival craft with respect to the 
number of persons they are permitted to carry; 
(iv) make the correct commands required for launching and 
boarding the survival craft, clearing the ship and handling and 
disembarking from the survival craft; 
(v) prepare and launch survival craft safely into the water and clear 
the ship's side quickly; 
(vi) deal with injured persons both during and after abandonment; 
(vii) row and steer, erect a mast, set the sails, manage a boat under 
sail and steer a boat by compass; 
(viii) use signalling equipment, including pyrotechnics; 
(ix) use portable radio equipment for survival craft. 
APPENDIX TO REGULATION Vl/I 
Minimum knowledge required for the issue of certificates 
of proficiency in survival craft 
1. Types of emergency situations which may occur, such as collisions, fire, 
foundering. 
60 
2. Principles of survival including: 
(a) value of training and drills; 
(b) need to be ready for any emergency; 
(c) actions to be taken when called to survival craft stations; 
(d) actions to be taken when required to abandon ship; 
(e) actions to be taken when in the water; 
(0 actions to be taken when aboard a survival craft; 
(g) main dangers to survivors. 
3. Special duties assigned to each crew member as indicated in the muster list, 
including the difierences between the signals calling all crew to survival craft and 
to fire stations. 
4. Types of life-saving appliances normally carried on board ships. 
5. Construction and outfit of survival craft and individual items of their 
equipment. 
6. Particular characteristics and facilities of survival craft. 
7. Various types of devices used for launching survival craft. 
8. Methods of launching survival craft into a rough sea. 
9. Action to be taken after leaving the ship. 
10. Handling survival craft in rough weather. 
11. Use of painter, sea anchor and all other equipment. 
12. Apportionment of food and water in survival craft. 
13. Methods of helicopter rescue. 
14. Use of the first aid kit and resuscitation techniques. 
15. Radio devices carried in survival craft, including emergency position-
indicating radio beacons. 
16. Effects of hypothermia and its prevention; use of protective covers and 
protective garments. 
17. Methods of starting and operating a survival craft engine and its 
accessories together with the use of fire extinguisher provided. 
18. Use of emergency boats and motor lifeboats for marshalling liferafts and 
rescue of survivors and persons in the sea. 
19. Beaching a survival craft. 
61 
ISSN 0254-1475 
COM (93) 217 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 07 04 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-93-244-EN-C 
ISBN 92-77-55845-8 
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg