ARCHIVESHISTORIQUES
DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEEDES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(81)3
Vol.1981/0001

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(81)3 final
Brussels,16thFebruary1981
UNITEDNATIONS CONFERENCE ON
NEWANDRENEWABLE SOURCEOFENERGYΔX
Sortii/
Générai/*-V/A..
TheEuropeanEconomicCommunity'scontribution
\
COM(81)3final

I.FORECASTS RELATING TONEWANDRENEWABLE SOURCES OFENERGYINTHECOMMUNITY
Inaccordance withtheEuropeanCommunities CouncilResolution of13May
1980ontheobjectivesfor1990(1),theMemberStateshavesentthe
Commission thefiguresfornewandrenewablesourcesofenergy,under
theannualreviewoftheenergyprogrammes oftheMemberStates.The
/ - >
forecastsaboutthoseenergies(hydro,geothermal,biomass,solar,
wind,sea)referto26to28mtoein1990,ascomparedto13,9mtoe
in1979,forthetenMembercountries (2).
WithregardtothenewenergytargetsoftheCommunityfor1990,the
Councilplaces,throughitsResolutionof9June1980,agrowingim­
portanceonthenewandrenewablesourcesforCommunitysupply:they-
willcoveranaverageof2.2%ofgrossenergyconsumption in1990for
theCommunity asawhole(hydro,geothermal,biomass,solar,wind,
sea),whereastheyrepresentonly1%ofconsumption in1979.
(1)0JC149of18June1980.
(2)Hydroandgeothermalelectricity conversionrateintotoeisbasedonthe
thermalequivalentofelectricity (3600ki/kwh).

-2-
II.PRINCIPAL TECHNOLOGIES FORPRODUCING ANDUSINGNEWANDRENEWABLE SOURCES
OFENERGY
TheinterestshownbytheMemberStatesoftheEuropeanCommunityinthe
newandrenewablesourcesofenergybeingdiscussedattheUNconference
(1)variesaccordingtothetypeofenergyconcerned .Theutilisation and
exploitation ofhydroelectric powerandpeathavelongsincecomeofage.
Themainlimitingfactorsherearepotential (depositsinthecaseofpeat,
sitesinthecaseofhydropower),aboutwhichmostisalreadyknown,and
thecostoftheenergyproduced.Theeconomicexploitation ofthese
sourcesdependsto.agreatextentonlocalconditions,butnogreatgains
shouldbeexpectedfromincreasingexploration and/orresearch,which
arealreadyconsiderable incertaincases.
Theothersources-biomass,geothermal energy,solarenergy,windpower,
energyfromthesea,shalesandsands-aremoreextensive,however,and
relativelylittleisknownabouttheirpotential.Withafewexceptions,
thetechnologies whichwouldallowthemtobeexploitedeconomically have
notyetbeendeveloped.Increasedexploration ,research,development and
demonstration maysubstantially enhancethecontribution (hitherto
verysmall)whichthesesourcescanmaketotheenergybalanceofthe
Community,atleastwithinthenexttwentyyears.Theresearch,de­
velopment anddemonstration programmes,areevidenceoftheinterest
whichtheMemberStatesareshowingintheutilisation ofthesesour­
ces.Actually,nineoftheMemberStatesoftheCommunityfunded
theresearch,development anddemonstration inthefieldofgeothermal,
solar,windoceanandbiomassenergywithapproximately 102MioECUin
1978.' - ■
InadditiontotheeffortsbytheMemberStates(2),therearethose
carriedoutatCommunitylevelthroughthecommonR&Dprogrammes
ontheonehand,thedemonstration projectsontheotherhand,fi­
nancedbythebudgetoftheEuropeanCommunities (about17MioECUin
1978).
(1)Biomass,woodandcharcoal,geothermal,hydro,solar,oil-shales and
tarsands,ocean,wind,peatanddraughtanimalpower.
(2)Seethenationaldocuments submittedtotheConference .

TheenergyR&DprogrammeoftheEuropeanCommunities-covering,i.a.,
solarandgeothermal-aimsbymeansofasustainedeffort,atdeveloping
substitutable sourcesofenergysothattheywillcontributesubstantially
inthemediumterm(upto.1995)andlongterm(beyond1995),toCommu­
nitysupply. : .\
Suchactionisachievedbythegrantingoffinancialsupporttodemons­
trationprojectsinallfieldswhere,beyondtheresearchstage,itis
possibletoprovetheirindustrial andcommercialviability,to.pro­
moteconfidencein'thesesourcesandhenceencouragetheiruse^.
TheprojectsandprogrammescurrentlybeingcarriedoutatCommunitylevel
areasfollows':
A.SOLARENERGY(including biomassandwindpower )
Theprogressive introduction ofsolarenergywilllargelydependon
thestrengthening ofresearch,development anddemonstration work,
notonlytoaccelerate theimprovement ofsolartechnologies but
alsotomakepossible apossiblysubstantial contribution ofthis-
energytorequirements after2000.Thisprogrammegivesanimpor­
tantparttosolarelectricity production,mainlybasedupon-solar
cells,butalso,insomeEuropean -regions,uponpowerstationsbased
onthermodynamic cyclesandbiomass.' ''
1Researchanddevelopment projects
;1.Four-year (1979-83)"indirectactionprogramme (contracted "rer
.search),46MioECU(1),coveringthefollowingprojects :
-theapplication ofsolarenergytodwellings •
systemsstudy,highandlowtemperature collector's,heatingof
buildings,mixedactiveandpassivesystems,refrigeration ,;
stockpiling,etc.;
-thermodynamic solarpowerstations :
■completing andtestingofthe1MWetowerpower-stationbuiltby-a
EuropeanconsortiuminSicily-preliminary studiesforpossible
substitution eyeles;' "" 1'
-generationofelectricity fromphotovoltaic conversion :
improvement ofthecellproductiontechnology,,concentration
-systems,development ofnewsemi-conductor materials,'carrying
(1)averageconversionrateoftheEuropeanAccountUnit(ECU)during
theconsideredperiod:1.25£. -'

-4-
outofpilotprojects;
-photochemical,pho^toelectrocbemi calandphotobiologi calproces­
ses:
studyofphotoconversion mechanism;productionofhydrogen,study
ofartificialsystems;
-energyfrombiomass:assessmentofbiomassasaresource,direct
useandconversiontogas,methodsofconversion,photosynthe­
ticbreeding;
-datarelatingtosolarradiation :
coordination ofnationalactions,standardization ofinstruments,
production .anddistribution ofmapsanddatarecords;
-windpower:assessment andfeasibility studies;
-application ofsolarenergytoagriculture andindustry:
assessments .
2.Four-year (1980-83)directactionprogramme (researchcarriedout
bytheJointResearchCentreoftheEuropeanCommunities),26.2
MioECUcoveringthefollowingprojects :
-Communityinstallations simulatingsolarradiation (ESTI):-
operationofalargetestinginstallation inconditionsofnatural
orsimulatedradiationforthermalandphotovoltaic systems;
-useofsolarenergyfordwellingsandlowtemperature applica­
tions:
completesolarsystemsstudy,combiningheatingandrefrigeration
andallowingseasonalheatstorage;
-equipmentforsolarpowerstations:
development andanalysisofselectiveequipmentandsurfaces
fortowerconcentration powerstationsandthermodynamical
assessmentofadvancedconversioncycles;
-photoelectrochemical andphotochemical conversion
basisresearchinnewsolarenergyconversionprocesses.
Demonstration projects
Grantingfinancialassistance (upto40%andpossiblyrefundable )
fordemonstration projectsbyCommunityfirms:inall22.5MioECU
overafive-yearperiodtocoverthefollowingprojects :
-desalination
-spaceandswimming-bath heating(hotwater.)
-agri-indi'Strialuses(glasshouses,pumpingwater,drying,etc.)
■"generating .-ct-icityfrombiomass.

B.GEOTHERMAL ENERGY '
Thepossibleimpactofgeothermal energydependsontheexistenceof-."
anumberofconditions Linkedto"thesitebutitmightnevertheless
.allowthesavingofaratherconsiderable amountofenergy.The
programmeaimsatidentifying andassessing newgeothermal sources,
whichcanbeoperatedbydemonstration projects.Inthelongerrun,
theproblemslinkedwiththeuseofhotdryrocksshouldbesolved
inordertousehightemperature geothermal energy;therefore an
importantpartwillbegiventothissubjectintheR&Dprogramme.
.. *
Research anddevelopment projects
Four-yearindirectactionprogramme (contracted research),18MioECU,-
coveringthefollowingprojects :" --
–integratedgeological,geophysical andgeochemical researchinse­
lectedregions:collectingofdataincertainregionsinorderto
selectpossibletestingsites; .,
-problemsconnectedwithunderground naturalhydrothermal resources :
improvement ofoperatingtechnology,definitionofreservoirpara-.
meters,reintegration problems;,'- '
-problemsconnectedwiththesurfaceutilisation ofhydrothermal
resources :fluidextraction,environmental effects;
-hotdryrocks:feasibility ofheatextraction witheasilyrenewable
rocks;propagation offractures,heatexchange,environmental effects
Demonstration projects ■
Grantingfinancialassistancefordemonstration projectsbyCommunity
firms.Inall,22.5MioECUoverafive-yearperiodtocoverthe
followingprojectsinparticular :
-electricity generation
--heatingofbuildings ,:
-heatingofglasshouses .?'
-industrial use. . '
Inadditiontotheseresearch,development anddemonstration activities
atCommunitylevel,whichareintendedtopromoteandexploitnewand
renewableenergysourcesintheMemberStates,therearethosebeing
,conductedundertheCommunitydevelopment cooperation policy,ade­
taileddescription ofwhichisgiveninsectionIVbelow.

-6-
IIKCHIEFLIMITATIONS ANDWAYSOFREMOVING THEM
Somenewandrenewablesourcesofenergymayhavemanyuses,andvarying
quantitiesofpoweroutputs(1W-several MW)andbesuitedtofairly
differentenvironmental conditions .Nevertheless ,thereareanumber
oflimitations attachedtotheirgeneralutilisation .
AsfarastheCommunityisconcernedthreemajorlimitations (andtheir
corresponding remedies)meritexamination .Thereareasmanysolutions
asproblemstobesolved,forthestateoftechnological development
variesconsiderably ,notjustwithregardtodifferentsourcesofenergy
(hydro-versus solarpower,forinstance)butalsowithregardtothe
variouswaysofexploiting asinglesource(photovoltaic asapposedto
thermalsolarenergy).
Thefirstlimitation appliestotheunderdeveloped stateofcertaintech­
nologies;feasibility,increasedreliability andthefactthatmass
production methodswhichsubstantially reduceproduction costsare
possibleallhavetobedemonstrated .TheCommunityistryingtomeet
thesechallenges byimplementing jointresearchanddevelopment program­
mesinaddition,andasacomplement,tonationalprogrammes .As
mentionedinsectionII,theobjectives maybeshort,mediumorlong-
term,buttheprogrammes haveonethingincommon,namelytheexistence
oftechnicalproblemswhichstillhavetobesolvediftherelevant
technologies aretobeexploited andusedindustrially onawide
scale.
Thesecondlimitationismainlyconcernedwiththeeconomicprofitabi­
lityofthenewtechnologies ;onceallthetechnicalproblemshavebeen
solvedinprinciple,itmerelyremainstodemonstrate theoperationwill
beprofitable andthecostoftheenergythusproducedcompetitive .
Thedemonstration projects,whichreceiveCommunityfinancialsupport,
aredesignedtofindanswers*tothesequestions andarethepreliminary
tocommercialisation proper.Thescaleonwhichtheyarecarriedout
andthetimeallocatedtothemmakeitpossibletoshowmorefullythe
influenceofthenewtechnologies ontheenvironment andthedegree
towhichtheyinteractwithit.

-7-
ThethirdLimitationresidesintheproblemsofcollectingtheinfor­
mationanddisseminating ittoallpartiesconcerned,i.e.thosein­
\ -
volvedindeveloping andexploitingthenewtechnologies .Themain
pointsforconsideration are:
S
(i)thatthoseinvolvedinR,D&Dshouldexchangeinformation
onawiderscale,withaviewtoimprovingtheeffectiveness
oftheir-activities,and
(ii)thatmanufacturers andusersofR,DSDproductsshould ,
exchangeinformation sothat:manufacturers canunderstand
users1presentandfuturerequirements anduserscanbe
informedingoodtimeofwhatisimmediatelyavailable.
Worthnotingisthespecialrolewhichtheexchangeofinformation can
playinhighlighting non-technical obstacles (economic,financial,
administrative ,social,environmental,etc.!)whichmayslowdownthe
development ofthenewtechnologies .Theexchangeofsuchinformation
shouldenablethepolicy-makers inthesefieldstodrawuptheappro-
N
priatestrategies.
TheCommunitythereforeregularlyorganisesanumberofconferences,
seminars,,etc.underitsR,D&Dprogrammes.Amongthemostrecent
havebeen:
(i)solarenergyfordevelopment (Varese,March1979).Re­
searchersandpolicy-makers fromallovertheworldmet
todiscusstheproblemsofwater,generators,solarheat
utilisation,international andregionalcooperation and
thesocialimplications ofsolarenergy;
(ii)ThePhotovoltaic ConversionofSolarEnergy(Cannes-,Oc­
tober1980)(1).Allthedifferentaspectsofexploiting
thistechnologywerecovered,includinginparticular'the
prospectsforitsuseinthedevelopingcountries,dis­
■cussedataspecialsession;
(1)Organisedinconjunction withtheCommissariat forSolarEnergy,
ParisandtheInstituteofElectricalandElectronics Engineers,
NewYork.

-8-
(iii)EnergyfromBiomas-s(Brighton,November1980)(1).Here
again,aspecialsessionwasdevotedtotheproblemsofthe
developingcountries;
(iv)Non-Technical ObstaclestotheUtilisation ofSolarEnergy
(Brussels,May1980)(2).Problemsofcosts,publicaware­
ness,institutional barriersandtherigidityofbuilding ,
regulations wereamongtheitemsdiscussed.
(1)Organisedinconjunction withtheDepartmentofEnergy,London
(2)Organiser 1-fnconjunction withtheUSDepartmentofEnergyandwith
thesupportvftheCanadianDepartmentofEnergy,MinesandRe­

-9-
IV.OPPORTUNITIES FORINTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
(a)Coogeration_within_0ECD_and_other_i internat2ona_L_organ2sat iionsi.
TheCommunity hasbeenassociated withtheOECD'sactivities concer­
ningnewandrenewableenergyresources.Afewexamplesonlyneed
bementionede.g.:the-workingpartysetupinNovember1978,the
International EnergyTechnology Groupor,morerecentlystill,the
high-level groupformarketingenergytechnologies .
Moreover,aworkingpartywassetupbytheOECDCouncilon27Novem­
ber1978,aimingatacoordinated efforttohelpdeveloping coun­
triestooperatethetechnologies linkedtothoseenergies.The
report(1)drawnupbythegroupinMay1979suggeststheintegra­
tionoftheproposedmeasuresinnationalprogrammes .
Finally,itisimportanttorecalltheconsiderable parttakenby
theMemberStatesinenergydevelopment projectswithintheframe­
;workoforganisations suchasFAO,UNDPandtheWorLdBank.
(b)Ihe_Communit^s_qo_li_c^_for_ener£2_coogerati_on_wi,th_the_devejlog_ing
countrigs
•-TheCommunity anditsMemberStatesareamongtheforemostworld
suppliers ,ofaidtothedeveloping countriesinthefieldofenergy
cooperation whereastheWorldBankisaheadingrantingloans.The
Community hasconsiderable meanstohandinthefieldofcooperation,
andtheenergyfacetwillbecomeincreasingly important.:
Themeansavailable areasfollows :
-LomeConventionIandIIinrespectoftheACP(Africa,Caribbean,
Pacific)countries; '
-bilateralagreements withtheMediterranean countries;
nor.~ACPAfrica-aidtonon-associated (Asia,LatinAmerica)developing countries;
-financialsupportfornon-governmental organizations (NGOS).
.Duringtheperiod1975-1980energyfundingbytheCommunity amoun­
tedtotheconsiderable sumof220MioECU(approx.275MioS),which,
(1)Doc.CE5/79.31revised7May1979(McPhailgroupreport).

-10
bymeansofjointfinancing,enabledprojectscosting910MioECU
tobecarriedout.Classicalhydropowerrepresents,withinthis
amount,64%ofthetotal,i.e.141MioECU..
Alternative energy .sourcesnowaccountfor35MioECU,orinother
words16%ofallenergycooperationventures,therestbeing
devotedtootherformsofenergy.
Moreover,asregardsthegeneralandspecifictrainingactions
linkedwithenergyproblems,anestimatedamountof30MioECU
hasbeenspentduringtheconsideredperiod.
Althoughtheleveloffinancinginthissectorhassofarbeen
fairlylimitedtheCommunitynevertheless considersthatthe
successofitsactivitiesvindicatestheapproachadopted,this
beingbasedonthesixfollowingbasiccriteria :
1.Thenewtechnologies putintopracticewerealreadysufficien-
lydevelopedfortheriskoffailuretobeminor.TheCommunity
declinedtoconsiderthedevelopingStatesasalaboratoryfor
testingthenewtechnologies whichcouldthenbeusedinEurope.
Theoppositeapproachwasadoptedi.e.thetechnology wasfirst
developedandthentailoredtolocalneeds.-
2.Investmentinthisfieldwasdeliberately optimizedinorderto
lessentherisk,sincetheavailablemoneydoesnotpermitwaste
inanyform.
3.^Wherepossible"newenergyforms"wereincorporatedinto
broadernon-energyprojectssuchastheirrigation bysolar-
poweredpumpsofasmallperimeterwithinamajorhydro-
agricultural project.
4.Theproblemsinvolvedinadaptationtolocalconditionswere
carefullystudiedinordertoavoidpsychological difficulties
whichcouldevenleadtooutrightrejection (asinthecase
ofthestudyontheuseofmolassesintheproductionofethanol

-11-
inUpperVolta,whichtakestheutmostaccountofculinarytradition).
Community-founded projectshavebeencarriedoutasfaraspossible
byexistingresearchandexecutivebodieswithinthedeveloping
countries.WorthyofnoteisthehighLevelofexperience and
know-howalreadydisplayedbyanumberof^nationalresearchcentres.
Trainingactionswereincorporated withinprojects,wherethey
werenecessaryfortheirsuccess.

-12-
Theprojects thus financed canbebroken down asfollows <fordetai­
led list see annex ): -
'ACP
ECUMediterranean
countries
ECUnon-associated
developing
countries
ECUNGOs
ECUTOTAL
ECU ,
Study 1.285 .000- - - 1.285.000
Inventories 8.780.000- 600.000- 9.380.000
Research 1.100.000 11.980.000- - 13.080.000
Demonstration 1.120.000- 1*.500 .000 2.620.000
Integrated
projects 1.230.000- - 1.675.000 2.905.000
Installations 5.427.000• – 5.427.000
TOTAL 18.942.000 11.980.000 2.100.000 1.675.000 34.697.000
Thebreakdown per sector isasfollows :
" :29projects totalling 17,47 MioECU
~lD^l£££J_S2is£_£D££2i ;:^projects totalling 7.847 MioECU
-Geothermal energy :2projects totalling 9,38 MioECU
Itshould benoted here that the Joint Research Centre (JRC )is
particularly qualified ,through itsmultiannual solar energy program­
me,toimplement scientific andtechnical cooperation with thede­
veloping countries .Ithelps todraw upexpert reports identifying
projects incountries and tocarry outenergy research programmes ,
particularly intheMediterranean countries ..
Somuch for the past .Thenew Lome Convention offers wider pros­
pects asregards energy cooperation .Itssignificance wasfully
recognised during theLome I.Inegotiations byboth theACPandthe

Europeannationsandagreementwasreachedontheinclusioninthe
newconventionofhighlycomplexprovisionsrelatingtoenergy
(Article76).Theaimofenergycooperation asdefinedinthis
articleistoenabletheACPtoachieveenergy"self-sufficiency "
bydevelopingtheir"traditional andnon-traditional energypo­
tential".Thenewconventionthusenablestheenergyproblemto
thetackledonallfronts,whetherthismeansinstallinghydro­
electricequipment,drawinguponconventional unexploited resour­
ces(suchasthecoalofBotswanaorthepeatofRuandaand-Burun­
di),orpromotingnewsourcesofenergy.
Inthenewconventionparticularstressisplacedonnewenergy
sources,whicharereferredtointhetextas"alternative sources
ofenergy".Thespecialappealofalternativeenergysourcesforthe
developingcountriesisthereforemadeexplicit,especiallysince
theyarewelladaptedtothespecificproblemsofthesecountries
whereasthemoretraditional forms,inordertobecosteffec­
tive,requireconcentration ofthepower .generated.Ontheother
hand,the,isolationofmostoftheACPcountriesandthelowdensity
ofthepopulationstobeservedleadtoa.searchfordispersed,
low-outputenergysourcesdisplaying ahighdegreeofreliability
andalow,maintenance requirement .Inaddition,'thephysical
conditionspeculiar/totheACPoftenfavourthedevelopment of
newenergysourcese.g.insulationconditions (SaharaandSahel),
windforce(CapVerde,Comores),geothermalenergyreserves(Ethiopia
Somalia,etc.),vegetationcoverandagricultural production
(equatorialforestandsugarcaneplantationfavouringthedevelop­
mentofbiomass),potentialofferedbymicro-hydraul ics.orthe'
exploitation ofoceanthermalenergyconversion (Abidjanbay,etc.).
I•
ThewholegamutoffinancialresourcesprovidedforinLomeIIis
available ;"forpromotingtheseACPenergyresources.Theycover
therangebetweensubsidiesandspecial-condition loans(0,75-
1%,40yearswith10yearsnon-callperjod)bytheEDF,andrisk
capitalandsubsidizedloansmanagedbyitheArticle59everoffers
thepossibility oftheEuropeanInvestment Bank(EIB)granting

-14-
non-subsidized loansforenergy(ormining)investment considered
bytheACPstatesandtheCommunitytobe"ofmutualinterest".
Thesumsavailable areconsiderable andwithintheoveralltotals
fromwhichenergy-cooperation fundscanbedrawntheyaresubdi­
videdasfollows:
EDF subsidies 2553MioECU
specialloans 504MioECU
total 3057MioECU
ofwhich 2457MioECU
fornationalprogrammes
and 600MioECU
,forregionalcooperation
EIB riskcapital 280MioECU
subsidized loans 68MioECU
non-subsidized loans 200MioECU
Theseresourcesshouldenableprojectstobefinancedin,above
all,thefollowingareas:
1.Thedrawing-up ofinventories oftheenergyneedsandresources
oftheACP.Althoughtheneedsaregenerallywellknown,
localenergypotentialisoftenunderestimated orevenunknown.
ItisessentialthattheLDCsshouldpossessaclearknowledge
oftheirownpotential asregardsbothconventional (hydropower,
coal,oil,perhapsuranium)andnewformsofenergy.
2.Theexpansionofscientific coope'ration betweentheCommunity
andtheACPcountries .InthisinstancetheCommunity wouldcall
upontheJRCandthenationalresearchcentreswhiletheACP
countries woulduseresearchstructures ,eitherinexistence
ortobesetupfortraining,technical backupandtechnology
transferpurposes.

-15-
3.Thefinancingofstudiesandprojectsontheproduction,trans­
portanddistribution ofenergy.
4.BoostingthecapacityoftheACPstatesthemselvestoproduce
theequipmentneededtoproduce,transportanddistributeenergy.
yInitialprogrammingtourswithintheACParearevealedthatthe
percentageoftheappropriations reservedforenergyshould
beofthesameorderasthat"inLomeI,i.«.5-6%.This
figuretakesnoaccountoftheappropriations earmarkedfor
regionalcooperation which,underLomeIIassumeunusualpro­
portions,sincetheamountallocatedtoregionalprojectshas
doubledcomparedwithLomeI(600Mioversus300MioECU).As
yettherehasbeennoregionalprogramming,butthenational
programmingtourshavealreadyshownwhichdirectiontheACP
hopetheywilltake.Itseemsthatenergyshouldoccupyaprime
position,whetherinfinancialsupportforthebuildingof.
largedamsorforjointactiononnewenergysources.
Finally:althoughtheCommunityhasavailableeffectivemeans
ofcontributing tothedevelopment ofnewandrenewableenergy
sourcesinthedevelopingcountries,anysuchdevelopmentwill
nevertheless encounteranobstacleintheshapeofalackof
information onboththelevelandstructureofthefuture
.demandforenergyinthesecountriesandontheirsupplypo--
tential.WiththisinmindtheCommissionistakingspecific
practicalstepsintheenergyprogrammingfieldandhasbeen
joinedbyalargenumberofdevelopingcountries,particularly
•.intheinternational conferenceonenergyprogramming heldin
October1980inBrussels.

ANNEX
PROJECTS ASAT15N0VE.V3ER1980
Heading CountryAmountallocated
toproject(ECU)Remarks
LOMEI
1.Geothermalexploration
1sttranche
2ndtranche
2.Intensification ofagricultural
productionintheSenegalValley
(one10kWsolarpump)
3.Projectfortheconstruction
ofsolarpumpsandmotors
-Part1(one10kWanoone
5kWpump)
4.Secondpart(prototypethermo-
dynamic-cycle solarmotor)
5.Villagehydropower programme
inTogo(one1300Wpump)
6.Agricultural development
(air-conditioning ofaresearch
centre)
7.forestryprojectinUpper
Demerara
8.Electricity supplyforahertzian
relay
9.Creationofirrigatedperimeters
inLogoneandChariprovinces
(one5kWsolarpump)
10.Hotwaterforahospital
11.Useofmolasses(study)
12.Useofmolasses(studies)
13.Thermalenergyconversion
14.Oceanthermalenergy
conversion (study)
15.Useofsugarcane(study)Ethiopia
ii
Mauret.ania
Niger
Niger
Togo
Barbados
Comoros
Cameroun
Malawi
UpperVolta
Sudan
IvoryCoast
Netherlands
Antilies
IvoryCoast4.100.000
4.680.0.00
475.000
550.000
550.000
80.000
25.000
200.000
350.000
.100.000
>
80.000
115.000
200.000
160.000
100.000inprogress
underreview
inprogress
inprogress
underreview
inprogress
completed
inprogress
inprogress
underreview
inprogress
completed
inprogress
■«inprogress
underreview
.

16.Fermentation gas(jointNGO
funding).Demonstration project
17.Pilotprojectforaproducer
gaselectricpowerstationiny
Polynesia
18.Installation offiveproducer
gaselectricpowerstations
inPolynesia'
19.Regionalsolarenergycentre
20.Integrationofmiero-hydrauUes
inEquatorialAfrica
21.Integrationof(producer)gas
generatorsinEquatorial
Africa(demonstration project)
22.Appraisalofequipment
extractingsolarenergy
23.VareseConference onSolar
Energy
24.Studyoftheuseofbiomass
•intheCaribbean
25.Technicalassistance
26.Studyontheuseofbiomass
MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES
1.Scientificcoopération wiîh
theCERS
2.Supportfornational
researchprogrammes
3.Scientificcooperation with
theRSS
4.EREDO(setting-upofacentre
fortheapplication of
renewableenergysources)Ruanda,Burundi/
UpperVolta
MarquesasIslands
Tuarnotua
WestAfrica
Cameroun,Congo,
CentralAfrican
Republic,Senegal,
Zaire
Ruanda,Burundi,
Zaire
Mali,Niger,
Cameroun,Sénégal
ACP
CDS
Niger,Mauretama
Sénégal,Mali
Mali300.000
170.000
382.000
100.000
100.000
300.000
100.000
200.000
30.000
200.000
150.000
Syria
Tunisia
Jordan
Egypt763.000
930*000
937,000
8„C00o000inprogress
inprogress
underreview
underfêview
inprogress
inprogress
inprogress
completed
inprogress
underreview
inprogress
mprogress
inprogress
inprogress
underreview

-3-
5.Cooperation with theOMRS (solar )
NON ASSOCIATED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
1.Solar energy (demonstration )
2.Geothermal energy (study )
N„G.Os .
1.Equipping ofthree boreholes
with solar pumps using photo­
voltaic cells (SANdistrict )
2„Solar pumps project (1kW>
atKane I
3.Solar pump project (1/3kW)
atYangasso
4.Solar pump project (1kW)
atTimbuktu
5.Solar pump project (9x1kW)
atThies
6.Solar pump project (1/3kW)
atYangasso
7.Equipping ofaborehole with
asolar pun*?(1,3 kW)atSafolo
8.Improved cookers
9.Fermentation gas (joint EOF
financing )
10.Installation ofasolar pump
atGourcy
11.Production ofthree solar pumps
12.Tensolar purcps using photo­
voltaic eelles
13.Twoaerogenerator manufacturing
facilitiesAlgeria
Pskist art
OLADE (Latin
American Energy
Organization )
Mali
Sénégal
Mali
Mali
Sénégal
Mali
Mali
Upper Volta
Ruanda ,Burundi
Upper Volta
Upper Volta
Mali
Tunisia1.300.000
1.500.000
600.000
60.000
75.000
85.000
75.000
250.000
21.000
35.000
145.000
470.000
24.000
89.000
306.000
40,000
34.697.000under review
under review
1nprogress
completed
completed
completed
completed
completed
completed
coinpleted
inprogre-ss
inprogress
under review
under review
under review
inprogress