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COM (84) 522 
 
 
Vol. 1984/0 206 
  
 
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In accordance with Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 354/83 of 1 February 1983 
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amended by Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1700/2003 of 22 September 2003 (OJ L 243, 
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file have been declassified in conformity with Article 5 of the aforementioned regulation.  
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COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
C0MC84) 522 final  
Brussels, 27 September 1984
NINTHREPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL
EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
COMC84) 522 final

EUROPEAN R EG IO NAL DEVELOPM ENT FUND
Ninth Annual Report (1983)
D.G. XVI
Manuscript finished in May 1984

TABLE OF CONTENTS
II
1 .0 Chapter 1 : 1975-1983: nine years of FRDF operations  .... I
1.1 Review of the first nine years ............................. 1
1.1.1 Increased resources .....................................  1
1.1.
2 Breakdown of grants by country ......................... 2
1.1.3 Increasing geographical concentration in the less-favoured
regions .......................................................  5
1.1.
4 An increasing proportion of infrastructure projects ... 5
1.1.5 Since 1975, an estimated 570 000 jobs created or maintained 7
1.1.6 A year of transition for specific Community measures .  .  8
1.1.7 Management of the ERDF:  acceleration of payments .... 9
1.2 Reform of the ERDF .........................................  9
1.2
.1 A new version of the Commission's proposal .  ...........  9
1.2.
2 The twin tasks of the ERDF ............................... 10
1.2.
3 Replacement of national quotas by indicative ranges ... 10
1.2.4 Programme financing .....................................  10
1.
2.5 Budget allocation .......................................  11
2 .
0  Chapter I I  : Community action in support of regional policy
measures by the Member States  ...................... 13
2.
1 Submission of applications ................................. 13
2.1.1 Grant applications for more than 5 000 projects ...........13
2.1.2 Two out of every three projects accepted ................. 14
2.
2 Consultation of the Fund Committee ........................ 15
2.3 
More than 3 500 projects approved ...........................16
2.4 Increased geographical concentration of aid ................  17
2.
5 90% of aid goes to infrastructure projects ................... 17
2.5.1 A 
higher average rate of contribution ..................... 17
2.5.2 M
ore small projects ....................................... 17
2.5.3 
Energy takes the lead ..................................... 22
2.
6 Productive investment down but more jobs created or maintained 24
2.6.1 More assistance given to small projects than to large
projects ........................................................24
2.6.2 Capital goods predominate ............................... 26
2.7 The share of aid allocated to studies has doubled .............29
2.8 98% of commitment appropriations used in 1983   30
2.9 36% increase in payments in 1983   32
2.10 Controls: no irregularity detected ........................  37
2.11 I
nformation on ERDF activities .............................38
2.11.1 The European citizen's right to know ..................  38
2.1
1.2 Press information in 1983: greater regional coverage .  .  39
2.11.3 Signboards: tangible evidence of the ERDF .............  39
2.1
1.4 Publication in the Official Journal: proposed improvment 39
2.11.5 Information for investors ............................. 40
3 .0  Chapter I I I  : Specific community regional development measures 45
3.1 New type of measures ......................................... 45
3.
2 Commitments and payments for specific Community measures:
appropriations available exceed utilization ....................  46
3.
3 Inspections ....................................................48
3.4 Information on specific Community measures ................  48
3.4.1 P
ublication in the Official Journal ....................  48
3.4.2 I
nformation activity by national authorities ..........  49
3.4
.3 Information activity by the Commission ................  49
3.
5 A second series of Community measures adopted in January 1984 49
4 .0  Chapter IV : Location of ERDF assistance  ............ 51
Ta
ble of Contents iii

4.1 Fifteen regions received three quarters of grants ..........  51
4.
2 Location of assistance in certain assisted regions ........  51
4.
2.1 Belgium .................................................... ff
4.
2.2 Denmark .................................................... 55
4.
2.3 Federal Republic of Germany ..............................  56
4.
2.4 Greece .................................................... f'
4.2.5 
Francs .................................................... 58
4.2
.6 Ireland ..................................................
4.2.7 Italy ....................................................
4.2.8 Netherlands ..............................................
4.2.9 United Kingdom ..................................... .. ·
5.
0 Chapter V  : Regional development programmes (R P D )  .... 7 5
5.1 Belgium ......................................................
5.2 Federal Republic of Germany ..................................  75
5.3 
France ........................................................ ^6
5.4 L
uxembourg (G.D.)   76
5.5 Netherlands .................................................... 76
5.6 
United Kingdom ................................................ 76
6 .
0  Chapter V I : In teg rated operations under the Community's
stru ctu ral funds  ................................
6.
1 Integrated regional development operations ...................  79
6.1.1 
Two pilot schemes in progress in Belfast and Naples . . .  79
6.1.1.1 Belfast ............................................... 79
6.1.1.2 The integrated operation in Naples ................... 80
6.1.2 
Preparatory studies for integrated operations ..........  81
6.2 
Integrated development programmes (IDP) .......................  82
6.2.1 T
he Western Isles Integrated Development Programme . . .  83
6.2.2 The Lozère Integrated Development Programme ............  83
6.3 
Preparation of the integrated mediterranean programmes . . .  83
A. 0 Statistical data: 1983 and 1975-1983    85
B .0 Bibliography (1983 publications)  ..................  109
B.
 l European Regional Development Fund .....  ..........  109
B.
2 Community measures in support of Member States' regional
policy measures ..................................................  109
B.3 
Specific Community regional development measures ...........  109
B.4 M
iscellaneous ............................................... HO
B.5 Urban Renewal in Belfast ..................................  HO
B.6 
Integrated Mediterranean Programmes ........................  HO
B.
7 Regional development programmes ............  ·  ..........  HO
B.8 
Supplementary measures in favour of the United Kingdom (SMUK) 111
B. 9 Increased Effectiveness of the Community's structural Funds 111
C . O  Symbols and abréviation used  ...................
D . O  ECU rates at 1 December 1983    US
lis t  of tables  ................................... m
lis t  of maps  ...................................
List of graphs  ................................... 121
List of figures  ................................... 123
List of illustrations  ..............................  * 23
ivE
RDF

PREFACE
A KEY TO SOME ERDF TERMS AND CONCEPTS
Anyone not dealing with the ERDF on a regular basis may be baffled by some 
of the terms and concepts used, such as support measures, specific
measures, geographical concentration, integrated operation, structural 
Funds, ranges, complementarity and regional development programmes.
It was therefore felt that a brief preface could usefullv provide some 
definitions of the principles underlying the ERDF's day-to-day
activities.
• The ERDF, one of the Community's structural Funds 1 was set up in 1975
to correct the principal regional imbalances within the Community.ERDF 
aid is accordingly granted in areas and regions suffering from 
imbalances resulting in particular from the predominance of 
agriculture, industrial change and structural under-employment. Such 
regions, which are determined in agreement with the Member States, are
generally the areas covered by national regional aid schemes, these
areas being approved by the Commission in accordance with Articles 92 
and 94 of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community. The 
ERDF provides assistance by making grants which support and supplement 
national regional development efforts.
• What does the ERDF finance? Infrastructure investment projects (roads, 
dams, power stations, etc,...), and productive investment in 
industrial, craft industry and service activities to create or maintain 
jobs.
• The ERDF makes grants. In the report, the reader will frequently come 
across references to grant decisions, amounts granted or appropriations 
committed; these terms are all different aspects of the same thing. 
Commitment appropriations and payment appropriations are 
differenciated, which means that the ERDF can make an expenditure 
commitment ore year and make the payments in several instalments the 
following years, as the project is carried out.
• The ERDF is divided into two sections :
a. The first section accounts for 95% of the Fund's resources. It used 
to. be known as the "quota" section, because resources were 
distributed among Member States on the basis of national quotas, 
listed in Article 2(3) of the Regulation. However, that Article has 
not been in force since 1982, and the term "support measures" is 
used throughout this report instead of "quota" measures.
b. The other section is for specific Community regional development 
measures and can draw on up to 5% of the Fund s resources. This 
section used to be known as the "non-quota section ,  because 
resources were not distributed on the basis of any predetermined 
allocation system. The term "specific Community measures" is used 
throughout this report instead of "non-quota measures". For the 
specific Community measures, each Member State presents a special
There are two other Community structural Funds: the European Social 
Fund and the EAGGF Guidance Section.
Preface v

implementing programme specifying the nature of the operations to 
which the Fund may contribute.
* These definitions should assist the general reader in understanding 
some of the key concepts used in this ninth report on the Fund's 
activities.
• Article 21 (1) and (2) of the Council Regulation establishing a European 
Regional Development Fund provides as follows :
a. "Before 1 October each year the Commission shall present a report to 
the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social 
Committee on the implementation of this Regulation during the 
preceding year.
b. "This report shall also cover the financial management of the Fund 
and the conclusions drawn by the Commission from the checks made on 
the Fund's operations".
The obligation to present an annual report is further reinforced, where 
specific Community measures are concerned, by Article 6 (2) and (3) of 
the Council Regulations instituting such measures.
vi ERDF

INTRO DUCTIO N
THE ERDF IN  IT S  CONTEXT
1. The ERDF is the only Community instrument set up for the sole purpose 
of helping to reduce regional imbalances in the Community. It provides 
grants to encourage job-creating economic activities and to improve 
infrastructures in the less-favoured regions.
The Fund was set up in 1975, just when the economic crisis was taking hold 
within the Community. Its resources are too small for it to remedy, on its 
own, the structural underdevelopment problems of the most disadvantaged 
regions and the more recent problems of industrial decline in regions 
which used to be prosperous .The ERDF's annual budget - 2000 million ECU in 
1983- is equivalent to only 0.08% of the Community's GDP. Even so, ERDF 
assistance can represent up to 20% and sometimes more of total public and 
private sector investment in some regions and can therefore be an 
important element in regional development.
2. The ERDF is not the only Community instrument to have a regional 
impact. Four fifths of the aid from the European Social Fund (ESF) is 
granted in regions eligible for ERDF assistance. The European Investment 
Bank (EIB) channelled more than 60% of its loans in 1983 to investment 
projects in areas of slow development or facing serious problems of 
industrial decline. The lattef regions are also the main recipients of 
industrial conversion loans and social aid granted by the ECSC.
The list would not be complete without mention, firstly, of the assistance 
provided by the EAGGF and, secondly, of the loans granted under the New 
Community Instrument (NCI) and the EMS interest rate subsidies, which go 
to infrastructure investment projects. Mention should also be made of the 
exceptional Community measure to promote urban renewal in Northern 
Ireland, adopted by the Council in June 1983.
3. The effectiveness of all these financial instruments can be further 
enhanced if an effort is made to coordinate the timing and spatial 
distribution of their operations. This is the aim of the integrated 
development operations being tried out in Naples and Belfast. In 1983 the 
Commission also decided to co-finance sixteen preparatory studies for 
future integrated operations, which suggests that there will be an 
increase in the number of such schemes in the years ahead.
4. In March 1983 the Commission sent the Council a proposal for a 
Regulation on integrated Mediterranean programmes (IMPs). In the interim 
the Commission adopted on 21 December 1983 a series of decisions on pilot 
schemes and preparatory studies for the IMPs, at a total cost of 5.8 
million ECU.
5. Assessment of the regional impactof Community policies, which showed 
that in the past the Mediterranean regions benefited less from Community
policies than the northern regions, was one of the factors which prompted 4
the Commission to draw up its proposals for the IMPs.
Several of the studies carried out for the Commission on the regional 
impact assessment of Community measures were completed in 1983.
Introduction v i i

0. As part of its regional economic analysis work, the Commission drew up 
the second periodic report on the economic and social situation and 
development of the regions of the Community. The report was sent to 
Parliament'and the Council at the beginning of May 1984.
The report highlights the disparities between regions in terms of the 
levels and trends of output and productivity, employment and 
unemployment, and other factors. More particularly, it assesses 
developments since the first oil crisis in 1973. The report also examines 
the socio-economic situation in the regions of Spain and Portugal, the 
effects of enlargment on the Community's regions, and disparities within 
the enlarged Community.
7. Reducing such disparities requires the coordination of Member States' 
regional policies, notably through their regional development programmes. 
These serve as the reference framework for Fund assistance and as basic 
instruments for coordination. In 1983 the Commission examined six "second 
generation" programmes, those for Belgium (Wallonia), Luxembourg, the 
Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France and West Berlin. The Regional 
Policy Commitee was consulted on the programmes, which are on the whole a 
considerable improvement over the "first generation" programmes for the 
period 1978-80.
8. The Regional Policy Committee held seven meetings in 1983 under its 
chairman Mr. Bernard ATTALI,  and, in addition to delivering its opinion on 
the regional development programmes, worked on the preparation of the 
second periodic report on the economic and social situation and 
development of the regions of the Community. It also discussed regional 
policy and delivered opinions on 105 large-scale infrastructure projects 
costing more than 10 million ECU each, prior to their examination by the 
Fund Committee.
9 . In 1983, discussion continued in the Council on the Commission's 
November 1982 proposals for the second series of specific Community 
measures.
The Commission amended its initial proposals in October 1983 to take 
account of the amendments suggested by Parliament, which, like the 
Economic and Social Committee, welcomed the proposals. The outstanding 
technical problems were resolved during discussions in the Council's 
subordinate bodies. The six Regulations setting the amount of aid 
allocated to the six measures proposed were formally adopted by the 
Council in January 1984.
ERDF A C T IV IT IE S  CONTINUE PENDING THE REVISIO N  OF THE FUND  
REGULATION
10. On 29 November 1983 the Council adopted the Decision enabling the 
ERDF to exceed the 70% limit for infrastructure investment projects 
(provided for in Article 4 (lb) of the Fund Regulation) during the 
three-year period 1981_83.
In its opinion on the Commission's proposal, delivered in November, 
Parliament had deplored the fact that the Council's delay in agreeing to 
the reform of the ERDF had forced the Commission to ask the Council to 
grant this derogation in the interim ,  in accordance with the Regulation 
of 18 March 1975.
11. This is an interim period because the Council ought to have received 
the Regulation before 1 January 1982, under Article 22. Though the 
Commission put forward a proposal for recasting the ERDF, described in 
points 31 to 41, no decision was taken on it in 1983. The Commission 
therefore no longer had any legal basis for the national quotas, since 
Article 2 (3), which laid down the quotas, was no longer in force. Acting
viii ERDF

in its capacity as manager of the Fund, the Commission therefore committed 
the appropriations available according to the applications submitted by 
the Member States and in line with the scheme of allocation provisionally 
authorized by the Council for 1981.
ERDF assistance has been concentrated mainly on those regions whose per 
capita GDP is below the Community average.
Introduction ix

1 .0  CHAPTER I  ;  1975-1983: N IN E  YEARS OF ERDF OPERATIONS
1.1 REVIEW OF THE FIR S T NIN E YEARS
1.1.1 Increased resources
12. Since 1975, the ERDF has helped to finance 21 500 investment 
projects, of which 16 000 have been infrastructure projects and 5 500 
industrial projects.
Total grants made stood at over 9 000 million ECU at the end of 1983 
(current prices), equivalent to 13% of the cost of the investment projects 
assisted.
13. In 1983, the Fund's budget allocation of commitment appropriations 
passed the 2 000 million ECU mark for the first time. A total of 100 
million ECU was allocated to specific Community measures; part of this 
amount was transferred at the end of the year to be used for support 
measures.
In nominal terms, the Fund's allocation was 14.2% up on the previous year. 
Since this was more than the growth of the general budget of th<: European 
Communities, the Fund's share in the budget increased further in 1983, 
from 7.6% to 8.7%2 With inflation averaging 6.2%3 in 1983, the real 
growth in the Fund's resources was 7.5%.
Table 1 shows just how much the resources available to the ERDF have 
grown, its budget allocation having increased eightfold over nine years.
14. This increase in the resources allocated to the ERDF was also 
reflected in a significant increase in the number of projects financed in 
1983 (nearly 3 700 projects, which was 400 more than the previous year). 
However, since the average amount of Fund assistance per project remained 
steady at around 570 000 ECU, its value in real terms declined a little.
15. The total allocation of payment appropriations was fixed at 1 259 
million ECU, of which 79 million ECU was for specific Community measures. 
The total allocation was 17% up on 1982.
However, because of the various supplementary budgets adopted in 
1983, the Fund's share in the final budget fell backto 7.6%.
Prices based on private consumption (percentage change on preceding 
year), taken from the Commission's communication to the Council of 1 
March 1984 on the economic situation in the Community (COM (84) 108 
final).
Chapter I :  1975-1983: nine years of ERDF operations 1

TABLE 1
ERDF ALLOCATIONS 1975-1983
Year Amount 
(Mio ECU)Annual % 
increaseShare in
Community budget
1975 257.6- 4.8
1976 394.3 53.1 5.6
1977 378.5 -4.0 4.9
1978 581.0 53.5 4.6
1979 945.0 62.7 6.1
1980 1 165.0 23.3 6.7
1981 1 540.0 32.2 7.3
1982 1 759.5 14.3 7.6
1983 2 0 1 0 .0 14.2 8.7
1 .1 .2  Breakdown of grants by country
16. The breakdown of ERDF grants in the Community shows a very high 
concentration in five Member States (Italy, the United Kingdom, Greece, 
France and Ireland),  which between them received more than 95% of Fund 
assistance in 1983. This was actually a slight increase in geographical 
concentration, since the five other countries (Belgium, the Federal 
Republic of Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands and Luxembourg) had 
accounted for a total of 6% of Fund assistance in 1982.
17. Italy continued to receive the largest share of Fund assistance in 
1983, with 819 million ECU, equivalent to 39% of the appropriations 
committed. Next came the United Kingdom, with 458 million ECU (22%) and 
Greece with 355 million ECU (17%).
18. However, this ranking based on absolute amounts of assistance, does 
not take account of population differences between the ten Member States. 
If Fund assistance is related to the size of the population of each Member 
State, Greece heads the list, followed closely by Ireland and only then by 
Italy. Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany and Luxembourg bring up 
the rear.
Although the amount of Fund assistance per head of population is not in 
itself significant, especially because the areas covered by the ERDF make 
up only part of the countries concerned, this measurement helps to bring 
out more clearly the level of intensity of Community assistance in certain 
countries.
19. A look at the breakdown of Fund assistancee during the period from 
1975 to 1983 as a whole also shows that Italy has been the main recipient, 
with 39% of aid, or 3 500 million ECU. Graph 1 and Tables 2 and 3 show the 
breakdown of assistance between the ten Member States.
Greece, which has been receiving assistance only since 1981, the year of 
its accession to the Community, nevertheless obtained 830 million ECU, 
equivalent to 9% of the assistance granted in the period 1975-1983. The 
share of Fund assistance for the eight other Member States declined 
slightly over the nine years.
2ERDF

FIGURE 1
ERDF GRANTS SINCE THE FUND'S ESTABLISHMENT IN 1975 UP TO 1983 (*)
(IN MIO ECU)
Chapter I :  1975-1983: nine years of ERDF operations 3

TABLE 2
GRANTS TO MEMBER STATES 1975-1983 BY INVESTMENT CATEGORY  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio)
Member
StateIndustry, service  
and craft IndustriesInfrastructure Studies Tota 1
Nat.Cur.* ECU Nat.Cur.* ECUNat.Cur.* ECUNat.Cur.* ECU
B
DK
0
GR
F
IRL
1
L
NL
UK1 136.08  
73.61 
607. 44 
2.30* 
1 799.82  
105.60 
1 »  *48.4*1*
49.87
327.3327.79
9.79
243.54
33.62
303.25
155.52
381.40
18.30
533.062 193.48  
708.52 
483.18
56.02* 
6 863.42  
273.51
3 904.82*  
296.04 
277.00 
938.9053.04 
92.44 
192.01 
796.43 
1  112.62  
398.15 
3 157.76  
7.24 
102.20 
1 579.9317.00
40.46
0.03
0.00*
0.43
9.31*
0. 17 
1.720.37
5.05
0.01
0.24
0.65
7.82
0.07
2.963 346.56  
822.59
1 090.65  
58.32* 
8 663.24  
379.54
4 362.57*
296.04
327.04 
1 267.9581.20
107.28
435.56
830.29
1 415.87  
554.32
3 546.98  
7.24
120.57
2 115.95
EUR 10 -1  706.27 -7 491.82 -17.17 -9 215.26
* Thousand millionsco :
Ms

TABLE 3
NUMBER OF PROJECTS BENEFITING FROM AID IN 1975-1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
Member
StateIndustry, service 
and craft industriesInfrastructure Studies Total
B 69 277 1 347
DK 139 521 4 664
D 1 405 622 12 028
GR 85 609 4 698
F 1 523 2 124 03 647
IRL 255 541 3 799
I 1 318 6 675 15 8 008
L 0 9 0 9
NL 14 51 1 66
UK 713 4 472 28 5 213
EUR 10 5 521 15 901 5721 479
1 .1 .3  Increasing geographical concentration in the less-favoured  
regions
20. One of the explicit aims in Fund spending is to achieve a global 
effect or geographical concentration, so that it can have a significant 
impact on the economic development of the regions. In 1983, even more than 
in 1982, ERDF grants were concentrated on a number of regions with 
structural development problems. About 20% of the CommunityTs regions 
receive 80% of Fund assistance.
21. The regions with priority status for Community regional policy 
purposes, i.e. the Mezzogiorno, Greenland, Ireland, Northern Ireland, the 
French Overseas Departments and Greece, have received more than 57% of 
ERDF assistance since 1975 (see Table 4). In 1983, they received 64.1%, as 
compared with 60.6% in 1982.
In per capita terms, Greenland has been by far the largest beneficiary 
since the Fund was set up, having received 1 691 ECU per person, followed 
by French Guiana with 435 ECU per person. These large amounts are mainly 
due to the low population figures in these regions, both of which have 
fewer than 100 000 inhabitants.
The priority regions have as a rule received more assistance per capita 
than the other ERDF-assisted regions. However, there are exceptions to 
every rule, and some regions that are not classified as priority regions 
are actually amongst the most heavily assisted regions: this applies to 
Corsica which, with 200 ECU, comes between Martinique and Réunion, and to 
Wales, the North of England, and Scotland, all of which have received more 
than Sicily or Apulia.
1 .1 .4  An increasing proportion of in frastructure projects
22. In 1983, nearly nine tenths of Fund assistance went to finance 
infrastructure projects. This trend, which was already evident in 1982,
Chapter I :  1975-1983: nine years of ERDF operations 5

TABLE U
GRANTS TO PRIORITY REGIONS IN 1983 AND FROM 1975 TO 1983  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
Priority 1983 1975 to 1983
regions Amount 
(Mio ECU)XAss i  stance  
per capita  
(ECU)Amount 
(Mio ECU)XAss i  stance  
per capita  
(ECU)
Mezzogiorno  
El las 
1  re 1  and
Northern Ireland  
0.0.M.
Grønland766.80 
355.*1*4 
102.20 
38.37
71.56
21.5736.25
16.81
14.81«
1.82
3.39
1.0237.6
36.6
29.7 
2U.7 
57.6
1422.93273.36 
830.28 
551«. 31 
261.97 
282.66 
86.2335.53
9.01
6.02
2.85
3.07
0.91«160.14 
85.5 
161.0
168.5
227.6 
1690.8
Tota 1 1355.94 6*4. 10 37.2 5288.81 57.140 1145.3
Total EUR 10 2115.52 100.00 -9215.26 100.00 -

became more marked in 1983, and a Council Decision4,  approved by 
Parliament, had to be adopted in order to exceed the 70% limit laid down 
in Article 4.1.b of the Fund Regulation.
Since the Fund was set up, an average of four fifths of assistance has 
been allocated to infrastructure projects. The Federal Republic of 
Germany is the only one of the ten Member States to have used more than 
half of its allocation since 1975 to assist projects in industry and 
Belgium has used more than one third of its allocation to assist 
industrial projects.
The United Kingdom and Ireland are not far off the 30% limit, with 25% and 
28% respectively of their grants being used for industrial investment 
projects, but the other Member States, notably Greece and Italy have all 
given priority to infrastructure projects.
23. In 1983, investment in energy infrastructure overtook investment in 
transport infrastructure for the first time (see Table 32 in Annex A).  
Assistance for investment in power stations or in energy distribution 
networks also exceeded the co-financing of roads or railways.
The largest amount of assistance granted to a project in 1983 was 57 
million ECU for a power station in Greece. Even water engineering projects 
(dams, irrigation networks) exceeded transport infrastructure projects in 
1983. With 2 418 million ECU, or more than one third of Fund assistance 
for infrastructure projects, transport remains the category which has 
received most assistance since the Fund was set up. However, as a result 
of its strong forward surge in 1983, energy, with 17% of infrastructure 
project grants increased its share in the total over the last nine years 
in relation to the other categories.
1.1.5 Since 1975, an estimated 570 000 jobs created or maintained
24. Though they accounted for only a little over one tenth of Fund 
appropriations, grants for projects in industry ,  craft industry and 
services helped to create or maintain more than 62 000 jobs in 1983, 
according to the estimates provided by Member States. This brings the 
estimated number of jobs created or maintained since 1975 with the joint 
help of the ERDF and the national authorities to nearly 570 000. Jobs 
created account for 85% of this total. The figures on jobs created or 
maintained in each Member State are set out in Table 5.
During the period 1975-83, average Community assistance per job amounted 
to 3 000 ECU, with approximately 100 jobs planned per project.
Only jobs directly created in industry, craft industry and services are 
taken into account, though the carrying out of infrastructure projects 
results indirectly in the creation of many other jobs.
25. With nearly 100 000 jobs assisted, the motor vehicle industry still 
heads the list of economic sectors financed by the ERDF since its 
inception.
However there has been a narrowing of its lead over the electrical and 
electronic industries, which received the largest amounts of assistance 
in 1983 - nearly 35 million ECU for more than 10 000 jobs planned. Office 
and data-processing machines, chemicals and the agri-foodstuffs 
industries also moved up the table in 1983. Looking at the broad 
geographical pattern of Fund operations, there was a greater emphasis on 
infrastructure projects in the countries in the south and on industrial
4 OJ no L 340, 6.12.1983.
Chapter I :  1975-1983: nine years of ERDF operations 7

TABLE 5
FORECASTS OF JOBS CREATED OR MAINTAINED 
IN 1983 AND FROM 1975 TO 1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
Member
State1983 1975-1983
created preserved Total created preserved Total
B 160• 160 6 140 100 6 240
DK 210- 210 4 660 140 4 800
D 6 960 3 000 9 960 69 200 12 120 81 320
GR 1 860- 1 860 5 490 70 5 560
F 12 920 3 770 16 690 158 360 15 600 173 960
IRL 6 270 - 6 270 58 220 450 58 670
I 5 160 750 5 910 73 310 1 620 74 930
L
NL 70• 70 820 690 1 510
UK 10 930 10 050 20 980 109 790 52 590 162 380
EUR 10 44 540 17 570 62 110 485 990 83 380 569 370
projects in the countries in the north, with France, as it were, marking 
the transition between the two tendencies.
26. Under Article 12 of the Regulation, Member States may carry out 
studies related to Fund operations and obtain ERDF co-financing of up to 
half the cost. Following an initial experimental phase, which began in 
1980, the year 1983 saw this type of scheme really begin to take off, with 
27 studies being initiated as against 7 the previous year, including a 
very large-scale study in Greenland and 22 studies in the United Kingdom.
1 .1 .6  A year of transition for specific Community measures
27. Since 1979, 95% of the Fund's resources have, in accordance with the 
Regulation been earmarked for Community action in support of regional 
policy measures taken by the Member States. The remaining 5% is allotted 
to specific Community regional development measures. In fact, the 
appropriations committed for such measures in 1983 represented only 0.3% 
of the Fund's appropriations so that the analysis given above covers 
virtually the whole (99.7%) of the Fund's resources.
28. As far as specific Community measures are concerned, out of a total 
amount of 216 million ECU available for a five-year period, 36.6% of the 
appropriations had been committed by the end of 1983. The pace of 
implementation of the measures slowed in 1983, with only 5.83 million ECU 
being committed during the year for the two special programmes covering 
the cross-border areas of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
The reasons for this slowdown, which are discussed in Chapter III, are 
many and various and have certainly something to do with the novelty of 
this type of programme. Such programmes should move ahead again from a new 
base in 1984 and indeed expand significantly, since the Council adopted a 
second series of specific measures in January 1984. Some of the measures 
currently being carried out will be further developed and extended, while 
other new ones will be initiated.
8 ERDF

1 .1 .7  Mcnagement of the ERDF: acceleration of payments
29. The unused appropriations from the specific Community measures 
section were transferred to the support measures. The rate of utilisation 
of appropriations available was very high in 1983, with 98% of the 
resources having been committed. Furthermore, the remaining balance of 42 
milion ECU is the cumulative balance since the ERDF's inception and 
represents less than 0.5% of commitments made during those nine years.
30. Lastly, an encouraging sign in the management of the ERDF is the 
acceleration in the flow of payments, with a 36% increase in payments made 
as compared with 1982.
Taking the first nine years of ERDF activity as a whole, the total amount 
of payments exceeded 5 000 million ECU, equivalent to 55% of commitments 
as against 53.9% at the end of 1982.
1 .2  REFORM OF THE ERDF
1 .2 .1  A new version of the Commission's proposal
31. The Council continued its examination of the Commission's proposed 
amendment of the ERDF Regulation at a number of its meetings in 1983. A 
fairly broad consensus emerged on several important points, particularly 
the coordination of regional policies, measures to exploit the potential 
for internally generated development of the regions, integrated 
operations and the principle of programme financing. However, the Council 
did not reach agreement on the degree of geographical concentration of 
support measures or on an increase in the proportion of Fund resources 
going to specific Community measures.
32. Following the June 1983 meeting at Stuttgart of the European Council, 
which instructed the Commission to seek ways of increasing the 
effectiveness of the structural Funds5 ,  discussions on the ERDF within 
the Council resumed on a new basis.
33. In November 1983, the Commission sent the Council an amended proposal 
on the revision of the current ERDF regulation.6 .  This was an amended 
version of its October 1981 proposal, which had alreday been amended in 
September 1982 to take account of the suggestions made by Parliament. In 
its new proposal, the Commission retained the points in the previous 
proposal on which there was agreement and put forward new solutions for 
the points still to be settled.
34. The most important feature of the amended proposal is that it does 
away with the distinction between the support measures section and the 
specific Community measures section of the ERDF, introducing instead 
indicative ranges for the share of each Member State and providing for 
Community programmes which, together with the national programmes, are to 
take an increasing share of the Fund's resources.
s
6Report C0M(83)501 final. 
OJ No C 360, 31.12.1983.
Chapter I :  1975-1983: nine years of ERDF operations 9

1.2.2  The twin tasks of the ERDF
35. The structural changes taking place in the European economy mean that 
the ERDF mat not only continue its activity in the less-developed 
regions, but· must also step up its assistance in the regions suffering 
severe industrial decline, This broadening of the responsabilities and 
range of activity of the Fund should not, however, be to the detriment of 
its traditional tasks, as some Member States such as Greece, Ireland and 
Italy had feared might be the case. These tasks remain as important as 
ever, especially in the context of enlargment. The financial resources 
allocated to the Community's regional policy will consequently have to be 
commensurate with the tasks which it has to carry out.
1 .2 .3  Replacement of national quotas by indicative ranges
36. The assistance provided by the Fund as a whole will no longer be 
distributed between Member States in accordance with quotas but in 
accordance with quantitive guidelines which will help to ensure that such 
assistance is consistent with the Community's objectives and priorities.
Provided that it observes all the criteria laid down in the Regulation, 
each Member State will thus for a period of several years be allocated a 
share of the Fund's resources ranging between a guaranteeed lower limit 
and an upper limit.
1 .2 .4  Programme financing
37. The Commission proposes that this change should be made possible by 
switching gradually from the financing of individual projects to the 
financing of multiannual programme contracts. This would mean that Fund 
operations could be made more consistent with the objectives of 
development programmes and of other policies decided on at Community 
level.
38. In its amended proposal, the Commission provides that, four years 
after the entry into force of the new Regulation, at least 40% of the 
Fund’s resources will be allocated to the financing of Community 
programmes and national programmes of Community interest.
39. The Community programmes are programmes directly serving Community 
objectives and the implementation of Community policies. They would be 
undertaken at the Commission's initiative. The Council would adopt the 
guidelines for the programmes and determine the criteria for selecting the 
regions concerned. The programmes would be drawn up by the Commission in 
close consultation with the relevant authorities in the Member States; 
they would also in some cases apply to Community regions not currently 
covered by national regional aid schemes.
40. The national programmes of Community interest would be undertaken on 
the initiative of Member States, which would prepare them in association 
with the authorities concerned. The Commission will decide if the 
programme can be assisted. Regions and areas covered by national 
programmes are limited to areas covered by national regional aid schemes. 
In order to be of Community interest, the programmes would have to 
contribute to achieving Community objectives. They would be assessed on 
the basis of various criteria such as the improvement of productivity, the 
creation or maintenance of productive employment, the diversification of 
economic structures, the accelerated provision of the necessary 
infrastructure facilities, promotion of the local development potential
10 ERDF

of regions and the integrated use of several Community financial 
instruments.
4 1 .  The changeover to programme financing will allow greater selectivity 
and concentration of objectives in response to Community priorities and 
policies and on the development requirements of the regions and the need 
to place greater emphasis on the promotion of productive investment, 
notably in small and medium-sized businesses. This greater selectivity of 
objectives will be accompanied by a substantial raising of the rate of 
Fund assistance.
1 .2 .5  Budget allocation
42. With regard to the Fund's budget allocation, which is not covered by 
the proposal since it comes under the budget procedure, the Commission 
proposed as a policy guide in its July 1983 report that the allocation 
should be doubled in real terms over five years from the 2 000 million ECU 
provided for in the 1983 budget.
Chapter I :  1975-1983: nine years of ERDF operations 11

2 .0  C H A P TE R  11 : C O M M U N ITY  A C T IO N  IN  SUPPO RT O F R EG IO N A L
P O L IC Y  MEASURES B Y  T H E  MEMBER S TA TE S
43. Before receiving a grant from the support measures section of the 
ERDF, a project must pass through several stages. The application is 
submitted by the Member State in question; it is then examined by the 
Commission's departments and referred to all the Member States for their 
opinion before being approved and finally published. The appropriations 
are then committed, and later paid; in some cases, projects are inspected. 
This Chapter provides an account of all these stages. It also describes in 
detail the wide range of assistance provided by the support measures 
section of the ERDF.
2.1 SUBMISSION OF APPU C A TIO NS
2 .1 .1  G rant applications fo r more than 5 000 projects
44. In 1983, the Member States submitted to the Commission grant 
applications concerning 5 102 investment projects and studies. 
Altogether, these projects (broken down by Member State in Tables 23 and 
24 in Annex A) were the subject of applications for assistance totalling 
2 442.21 million ECU, an appreciable increase over 1982.
The breakdown by project category is as follows:
• infrastructure: 2 119.64 million ECU of aid requested for 4 024
projects
• industry, craft industry and services: 290,05 million ECU of aid
requested for 992 projects
• studies (article 12): 32,52 million ECU of aid requested for 86
projects.
45. Again in 1983, Member States submitted too few grant applications in 
the early months of the year; this meant that the Commission departments 
were required to deal with three quarters of the investment projects 
submitted in too short a space of time before the Fund Committee's last 
meeting of the year. The delaying of applications until almost the last 
date on which they can be accepted for examiantion is increasingly 
unbalancing the workload of the Commission departments and the Committee: 
almost 70% of the grants made for 1983 were decided and committed at the 
end of the year. The Commission again asked the Member States to space 
their applications so as to allow the Commission's departments adequate 
time to process them. It should be pointed out that the processing 
procedure includes consultations between the Directorate-General for 
Regional Policy and other Commission departments responsible for such 
areas as competition, economic affairs, agriculture and industry.
At the Fund Committee's last meeting in 1983, the Member States agreed to 
try to speed up their applications and to spread them out more evenly over 
the year.
Chapter II :  Community action in support of regional policy measures 
by the Member States 13

48. In the Interests of making a better selection of projects, the  Coonission has for several years asked Member States to submit  applications for grants totalling more than the budget funds available for  
the year.
In 1983, Greece and Italy complied with this request.
2 .1 .2  Two out of every three projects accepted
47. Of the 5 102 investment projects and studies submitted by the Member 
States in 1983, 3 278 (i.e.almost two thirds) were finally accepted on 
completion of the examination procedure.
First of all, 442 projects were not received in time for them to be 
examined before the end of the year and were therefore held over to 1984.
48. Of the 4 660 projects examined, 1 382 (30%) were not accepted by the 
Commission for the following reasons:
• 34 projects were withdrawn by Member States during the processing 
procedure;
• 456 projects either failed to fulfil the formal conditions laid down by 
the F\md Regulation (location in an assisted area, minimum of 10 jobs to 
be created, investment to cost more than 50 000 ECU, project not to be 
completed by the date on which the Commission receives the grant 
application) or did not respect certain Community procedures, e.g. with 
regard to public contracts;
• 130 projects were rejected either because they made no clear 
contribution to the development of the region in question and were not 
part of a regional development programme, or because the national aid 
schemes from which they benefited were incompatible with the 
Community's competition rules, or because the nature of the investment 
did not conform to the Commission's guidelines;
• 29 projects were rejected because they related to sensitive industries 
(e.g. where there are risks of structural over-capacity);
• 733 projects were not fully documented and the Commission requested 
further information; when the dossiers are complete, some of these 
projects may receive ERDF assistance in 19847.
It should be noted that more than half of the projects eliminated may well 
receive grants in 1984 if it is established, after additional information 
has been supplied, that the criteria for granting aid have finally been 
met.
In all 3 278 projects were finally accepted. To this total must be added 
267 projects submitted in previous years (including 148 in 1982) which 
were not examined until 1983. This gives a grand total of 3 545 projects 
accepted.
49. Table 6 provides a breakdown by Member State of the number of 
investment projects and studies examined, accepted and deferred.
Most of the projects not accepted were situated in Italy (546) and France 
(538) and almost all of them were small-scale infrastructure projects.
Some of these 733 projects were deferred temporarily because they had 
been submitted with projects referred to in the previous indent under 
global applications. In themselves, these projects do not present any 
problems and should soon be the subject of a grant decision.
14 ERDF

TABLE 6
OUTCOME OF EXAMINATION OF PROJECTS IN 1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(number of projects)
Member 1983 Previous total
years accepted
State Submitted Examined Accepted Accepted
(1) (2) (3) (4) (3+4)
B 119 79 40 4 44
DK 130 104 103 1 104
D 250 212 186 49 235
F 1 463 1 394 856 105 961
6R 257 246 106 3 109
IRL 110 111 104 - 104
I 1 720 1 480 934 81 1 015
Li
NL 11 11 11 4 15
UK 1 042 1 023 938 20 958
EUR 10 5 102 4 660 3 278 267 3 545
2.2 CONSULTATION OF THE FUND COMMITTEE
50. For all large projects costing 10 million ECU or more, draft 
decisions are referred to the Fund Committee for its opinion in accordance 
with the procedure laid down in Article 16 of the Fund Regulation8 .
In the case of small-scale projects costing less than 10 million ECU which 
are the subject of a global grant application, the Commission provides 
prior information for the Member States in the form of simplified lists. 
The only small projects referred to the Fund Committee are those on which 
the Commission or a Member State wishes the Committee to be consulted9.
Draft negative decisions are automatically referred to the Committee. 
Draft decisions concerning the joint financing of studies (Article 12) are 
not submitted to the Fluid Committee for an opinion.
51. At its three meetings in May, July and November, the Committee was 
consulted for an opinion on 592 investment projects out of the 3 518 
projects accepted on completion of the stages of the examination procedure 
described above.
The information procedure introduced in 1979 greatly simplified the work 
of the Committee again in 1983: of 3 369 projects costing less than 10 
million ECU, only 443 (13%) needed to be discussed at the meetings for an 
opinion. The Committee also examined the 149 projects costing 10 million 
ECU or more. None of the projects referred to the Fund Committee was 
rejected or failed to be the subject of an opinion. However, it should be 
pointed out that on 42 investment projects a number of delegations cast a
For infrastructure investments in this category, the Commission, 
before seeking the opinion of the Fund Committee, consults the 
Regional Policy Committee (see Article 5(2a) of the Fund Regulation 
Article 5, paragraph 2b of the Fund Regulation.
Chapter II :  Community action in support of regional policy measures 
by the Member States

negative vote or abstained from voting, although this did not lead to the  Committee delivering a negative opinion. Three other investment projects  were rejected by the Commission following the Commitee's favourable  
opinion.
2 .3  MORE TH A N  3  500 PROJECTS APPROVED
TABLE 7
NUMBER OF PROJECTS BENEFITING FROM AID IN 1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
Member Industry, service Infrastructure Studies Total
State and craft
B 7 35 1 43
DK 11 92 1 104
D 177 55 1 233
GR 37 172 1 210
F 229 732 0 961
IRL 22 82 0 104
I 190 845 01 035
L 0 0 0 0
NL 3 11 1 15
UK 123 832 22 977
EUR 10 799 2 856 27 3 682(1)
(1) 140 projects approved by the Fund Committee in 1982(see point 53)
have been added to the 3 542 projects which were the subject of
a grant decision in 1983 (see point 52).
52. Of the 3 545 investment projects and studies accepted on completion 
of the examination procedure, 3 542 PROJECTS were the subject of a grant 
decision by the Commission.
GRANT DECISIONS TOTALLING 2 115 MILLION ECU
53. To these 3 542 projects must be added 140 which had already been 
endorsed by the Fund Committee in 1982 but which, for budgetary reasons, 
had had to wait until 1983 to be the subject of a formal grant decision. In 
1983, the Commission adopted decisions granting aid totalling 2 115.52 
million ECU for 3 682 investment projects and studies. As in previous 
years, the grant decisions were divided into four allocations during the 
course of the year, except for those relating to studies which were 
adopted on a case-by-case basis.
54. The number of projects assisted was up by 13% compared with 1982. As 
Table 7 shows, Italy, the United Kingdom and France, each with a similar 
number of projects accounted for four fifths of the total.
The split between "large" investment projects costing more than 10 million 
ECU (one fifth) and "small" investment projects costing less than 10 
million ECU (four fifths) was practically the same as in 1982. Compared 
with 1982, the number of projects in France tripled and the number of 
projects in Ireland and the United Kingdom increased by half. In contrast, 
Italy, although still leading with 1 035 projects saw its number reduced 
by a third. These changes were due mainly to the numbers of infrastructure 
projects, except for the United Kingdom where there was a sharp increase 
in industrial projects.
16 ERDF

2 .4  INCREASED GEOGRAPHICAL CONCENTRATION OF A ID
55. In 1983, aid totalled 2 115.52 million ECU, i.e. 13.6% more than in
1982.
With 95,5% of the aid going to five countries - 38.7% to Italy, 21.7% to 
the United Kingdom, 16.8%to Greece, 13.5% to France and 4.8% to Ireland - 
geographical concentration increased by 1.5 percentage points compared 
with the previous year. This modest shift was accompanied, however, by a 
much greater change in the breakdown between the five main beneficiaries, 
the combined shares of Italy and Greece increasing from 45% in 1982 to 55% 
in 1983. Table 8 provides a breakdown of aid in 1983.
56. Although Article 7 (5) of the Regulation gives priority to large 
projects, the Member States increased the emphasis on small projects in
1983. Large projects obtained 54% of aid granted, a fall of 7.3 percentage 
points compared with 1982. This fall was due to a sharp decline (40%) in 
aid to large industries and to a smaller drop (8%) in aid to large-scale 
infrastructure projects.
2 .5 90% OF A ID  GOES TO INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
57. With 2 856 projects in 1983 (up by 8% compared with 1982), 
infrastructure investments totalling 9 523.9 million ECU received almost 
89% of ERDF assistance (1 879.3 million ECU), an increase of some two 
percentage points compared with the previous year (see graph 1). Map 1 
provides a regional breakdown of aid to infrastructure projects in 1983.
2.5.1 A higher average rate of contribution
58. In 1983 the average ERDF contribution per project amounted to 660 000 
ECU, i.e. 34,7% of public expenditure (1.9 million ECU) and 19.8% of the 
total investment cost (3.33 million ECU).
This average contribution of 34.7% was 3 percentage points up on the 
previous year. This rise reflects the growing role played by the ERDF in 
the regional public investment projects submitted to it. The rate is now 
approaching the 40% ceiling laid down in Article 4 (2) of the Fund 
Regulation. While the normal rates are between 10 and 30% for projects 
costing more than 10 million ECU and 30% in the case of projects costing 
less than 10 million ECU, the maximum may be as high as 40% for projects of 
particular importance to the region. In 1983 this was the case with 685 
projects, most of them in Greenland, Greece and Italy. No project received 
assistance at less than the 30% where as 13% had done so in 1982.
Once again, no assistance was given in the form of interest rebates on EIB 
loans, a possibility open under Article 4 (2b) of the ERDF Regulation.
2.5.2 More small projects
59. Large projects, numbering 115, accounted for 56% of ERDF aid to 
infrastructure investments (1 059.2 million ECU), down from 63% in 1982. 
The average grant to large projects came to 9.2 million ECU, against 8.65 
million ECU in 1982.
Chapter II :  Community action in support of regional policy measures 
by the Member States 17

TABLE 8
AID GRANTED IN 1983  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(HiO)
Member Industry, service 1nfrastructure Studies Tota I
State and craft_____à___________
Nat. cur. ECU** Nat. cur. ECU**Nat. cur. ECU**Nat. cur. ECU**
B 65.28 1.42 325.22 7.0717.00 0.37 407.50 8.86
DK 6.78 0.83 156.29 19.1220.00 2.45 183.07 22.40
D 75.05 33.22 23.78 10.51 0.030.01 98.86 43.74
GR 0.91* 11.10 28.01* 344.29 0.00*0.05 28.92* 355.44
F 220.29 32.04 1 741.83 253.39 - -1 962.12 285.43
IRL 17.66 24.28 56.67 77.92 - - 74.33 102.20
1 69.92* 51.06 1 052.20* 767.87 - -1 122.12* 818.93
NL 2.7*4 1.08 48.07 18.98 0.17 0.07 50.98 20.13
UK 1*3.41 75.66 217.91 380.17 1.48 2.56 262.80 458.39
EUR 10 - 230.69 - 1 879.32 -5.51 -2 115.52
* Thousand m i l l  ions
** ECU rates at December 1983 (see Annex D)

FIGURE 2
ASSISTANCE GRANTED BY COUNTRY IN 1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES 
(AS %)
Chapter II :  Community action in support of regional policy measures 
by the Member States

GRAPH 1
ASSISTANCE GRANTED BY COUNTRY IN 1983 
(INFRASTRUCTURE AND INDUSTRY) 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
ERDF

MAP 1
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF ERDF ASSISTANCE TO 
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IN 1983 
(IN MIO ECU)
0,07 =< x =< 0,80
0,80 < x =< 7,50

The proportion of aid going to small projects increased in 1983 by 7 
percentage points: 2 741 projects received 820.1 million ECU, i.e. 44% of 
aid to infrastructure projects (2 530 projects received 37% in 1982). The 
average grant to small projects was 300 000 ECU, a marked increase on the 
1982 average (240 000 ECU).
The proportion of projects classified as located in moutain and hill 
farming areas (Article 4 (lc) of the Fund Regulation) is now negligible 
(0.8%) owing to a tendency, dating back some years, not to distinguish 
them any longer from other small infrastructure projects.
2.5.3 Energy takes the lead
60. Three sectors absorbed four fifths of the aid granted to 
infrastructure projects - energy (34.3%), water engineering (23.2%) and 
transport (21.9%). Overall, this situation was comparable with that in 
1982 but in reverse order: in 1982 transport came first with 35.8% and 
energy third with 17%.
Table 32 in annex A provides a detailed breakdown of aid to the various 
types of infrastructure project, and Graph 2 shows the assistance given to 
those taking the first ten places.
Taking the lead for the first time, the ENERGY sector doubled its share of 
aid compared with 1982. The aid went in roughly equal shares to large 
electricity generation projects and small gas distribution projects.
Although the WATER ENGINEERING sector was again in second place in 1983, 
its share of aid fell by 6 percentage points from 29.1% in the previous 
year. Most of the assistance in this sector went to three groups of 
infrastructure projects: large-scale damming projects, water collection 
and distribution, and drainage/sewage treatment projects.
The proportion of aid given to TRANSPORT infrastructure projects, which 
had been very high until 1983, fell to less than two thirds of the 1982 
figure of 35,8%. Roads and highway structures were well in the lead, 
followed by major railway projects and then port improvments. As to the 
other sectors, the proportion of aid allocated to INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS 
CONNECTED WITH PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES doubled from 5% in 1982 to 10.8% in 
1983; the aid went mainly on the provision of services and utilities for 
estates. The share taken by TELECOMMUNICATIONS fell by 2 percentage points 
to 8% and went almost entirely to telephone and telex networks.
The most typical ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES (0,6%) were small-scale coastal 
protection projects.
CULTURAL FACILITIES and small-scale infrastructure projects in the 
EDUCATIONAL, SPORTING AND LEISURE FIELDS shared the remainder of ERDF aid 
(1.3%).
22 ERDF

GRAPH 2
AID GRANTED TO THE LEADING TEN TYPES OF INFRASTRUCTURES IN 1983
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES 
(IN MIO ECU)
Chapter II :  Community action in support of regional policy measures 
by the Member States 23

2.6 PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT  DOWN BUT MORE JOBS CREATED OR  
MAINTAINED
61. In 1983, grants to industry, craft industry and services (230.7 
million ECU) accounted for 10.9% of ERDF aid, a fall of some 2 percentage 
points compared with 1982 and the lowest level since the Fund was 
established.
The share of such grants varied widely from one country to another, 
ranging from 76% in Germany to some 3% in Greece and Denmark; it was 24% in 
Ireland, 16% in the United Kingdom and Belgium, 11% in France and 
approximately 6% in Italy and the Netherlands (see Graph 1). Map 2 shows 
the regional distribution of ERDF aid to industry, craft industry and 
services in 1983. While the share increased over that for 1982 in Germany 
(from an already high level), and to a lesser extent in France (where it 
was very low), it fell in all the other countries, and fairly sharply in 
Greece, the United Kingdom and Belgium.
The Commission is concerned about this situation. It feels that the Member 
States should make a special effort to redress matters and to meet the 
minimum target of 30% implied by Article 4 (lb) of the Fund Regulation.
The 799 projects in the industry, craft industry and services sectors, 
represent a total investment of 2 569,5 million ECU, slightly down on 
1982.
2.6.1 More assistance given to small projects than to large projects
62. Whereas in 1982 grants were divided roughly in equal proportions 
between large and small projects, the amount of assistance given to small 
projects in 1983 was almost twice that given to larger projects. 
According to the figures given, the assistance should create or maintain 
62 110 jobs, two thirds of which result from small projects. Compared 
with 1982, these figures show an increase of some 30% in the number of 
projects and jobs announced, despite a 3% fall in the aid given.
Forty-five large projects absorbed 34.5% of the grants to productive 
investments (79.4 million ECU), a fall of 16 percentage points compared 
with 1982, even though the number of projects is up by a third. This 
amounted to 35% of national assistance1" a proportion similar to that in 
1982 (37%) and is expected to create 19 540 jobs, almost 40% more than the 
previous year.
A total of 754 small projects received 65.5% of the grants to productive 
investments (151.3 million ECU), an increase of some 30% in the number of 
projects and in aid compared with 1982. These grants should help to 
create or maintain 42 570 jobs, a quarter more than in 1982. They amounted 
to 47% of national aid, a figure similar to that in 1982.
ERDF aid per job created or maintained was not significantly different 
between small and large projects: 3 553 ECU for small projects and 4 062 
ECU for large ones (average assistance per job of 3 714 ECU). Table 9
Under Article 4 (2a) of the Regulation, ERDF aid to industrial 
investment projects can amount to 20% of the investment cost and may 
not exceed 50% of the national aid. It is limited to that part of the 
investment which does not exceed 100 000 ECU per job created and 
50 000 per job maintained. In the case of services and industry the 
Fund's contribution may exceed 20% of the investment cost but may not 
exceed 10 000 ECU per job created or maintained or 50% of the national 
aid.
24 ERDF

MAP 2
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF ERDF ASSISTANCE TO INDUSTRY, 
CRAFT INDUSTRY AND SERVICES IN 1983 
(IN MIO ECU)
0,04 =< x =< 0,50 
0,50 < x =< 1,50 
1,50 < x =< 3,00 
3,00 < x =< 34,12
a&
5 s
r
L ·
©  C D G  XVI
Chapter II :  Community action in support of regional policy measures 
by the Member States 25

provides a comparison of certain salient features of aid to industrial, 
craft industry and service projects of different sizes.
2.6.2 C a p ita l g o o d s  p red o m in a te
6 3 . In 1983 three broad areas of industrial activity shared more than 97% 
of ERDF assistance to the productive sector - intermediate goods (NACE 2) 
with 17.26%, capital goods (NACE 3) with 48.73% and consumer goods (NACE 
4) with 31.44% - compared with four the previous year. Energy (NACE 1), 
which accounted for 21% of the aid given in 1982, almost disappeared from 
the picture in 1983 (1% and 2 400 jobs maintained), while consumer goods 
almost doubled their share and capital goods increased theirs by 5 
percentage points. The share taken by intermediate goods (including 
chemicals) remained constant. Services (NACE 6 to 9) again benefited only 
to a minor extent, receiving 1.5% of ERDF assistance for 780 jobs 
announced.
CAPITAL GOODS accounted for almost half the aid given to productive 
activities. First place was taken by electrical engineering, with 15% of 
total aid to industry and more than 10 000 jobs are expected to be created 
or maintained. Three other sectors came next, each with roughly the same 
share of around 8.5%:
• manufacture of metal products
• mechanical engineering
• office and data processing machines.
Detailed figures are shown in Table 34 in Annex A and Graph 3 shows the 
aid given to the leading ten sectors.
The proportion of ERDF aid to all these sectors increased over the 
previous year. The motor vehicle industry and the manufacture of other 
transport equipment were the only capital goods sectors to show a fall in 
relative terms. These investment projects in the capital goods field, 
fairly evenly distributed between large and small projects, should help to 
create or maintain 32 600 jobs, i.e. more than half (52.5%) the jobs 
announced under the support measures.
The CONSUMER GOODS industries obtained the largest increase, their share 
of aid doubling in 1983. The food, drink and tobaccco industries tripled 
their share to 10.6%, which put them in second place of all the industrial 
sectors. Gains were also made by the textile industry, whose share 
quintupled to 3.5% and by timber and wooden furniture (4.9%) and paper and 
printing, whose shares doubled. The rubber and plastics processing 
industry, in second position among consumer goods in terms of amounts 
received (5.8%), showed very little advance over 1982. In all, the 
assistance given to the consumer goods industries should create or 
maintain 17 550 jobs (28% of the total). It is interesting to note that 
three quarters of the aid given was allocated to investments of less than 
10 million ECU.
The proportion of aid given to the INTERMEDIATE GOODS SECTOR, the bulk 
going to small investment projects, has remained stable for two years, 
with most of the assistance going to the working of non-metallic mineral 
products and glass (7%), followed by the chemical industry (4.7%) and the 
production and preliminary processing of metals. Heavy industry accounted 
for 14% of jobs announced (8 740).
26 ERDF

TABLE 9
SIZE BREAKDOWN OF INDUSTRIAL, CRAFT INDUSTRY AND SERVICE 
PROJECT AID AND INVESTMENT IN 1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
Amount per project 
Mio ECUAmount per job 
ECU
ERDF 
a i  dNat iona1  
a id1nvest- 
mentERDF 
a idNat iona1  
a idInvest­
ment
Small projects: 
Investment 
<10 Mio ECU 0.20 0.43 1.88 3 553 7 562 33 219
Large projects: 
Investment 
>10 Mlo ECU 1.76 4.79 25.63 4 062 11 021 59 110
Average 0.29 0.67 3.22 3 714 8 650 41 366

GRAPH 3
AID GRANTED TO THE LEADING TEN INDUSTRIAL SECTORS IN 1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES 
(IN MIO ECU)
ELECTR. ELECTRON. ENGIN. - 
FOOD. DRINK AND TOBACCO 
OFFICE/LATA FRÜCE3. MACH 
METAL PRODUCTS 
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 
NON-METAL. MINERAL PROD. 
RUBBER AND PLA3T1C9- 
TIMBER. WOOL F U R N I T U R E -  
CHEMICALS 
MOTOR VEHIC, «ND MCCE53,
28 ERDF

2.7 THE SHARE OF AID ALLOCATED TO STUDIES HAS DOUBLED
64. In addition to infrastructure and productive investment projects, 
the ERDF also finances studies which are related to Fund operations 
(Article 12 of the Regulation).
While these studies account for a very small proportion of the Fund's 
resources (less than 0.3% of aid for 27 projects in 1983), the figure was 
more than twice that in 1982. Compared with previous years, the Member 
States submitted in 1983 a much greater number of applications for the 
financing of studies under Article 12 of the Fund Regulation. It should 
be noted that these studies must serve as preparation for investment 
projects which can be financed by the ERDF.
Of 86 studies submitted for a total of 32.52 million ECU, only 27 were 
finally approved in 1983 at a cost of 5.51 million ECU. This was due to the 
fact that many applications had to be deferred until 1984, either because 
they had arrived too late to be examined before the end of the year or 
becausi they had been altered owing to their nature and regional context.
TABLE 10
STUDIES (ARTICLE 12) FINANCED IN 1983 AND FROM 1980 TO 1983
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio ECU)
Member 1983 1980-1983 (1)
State Number Amounts Number Amounts Actual
granted granted payments
B 1 0.37 1 0.37 0.26
DK 1 2.45 4 5.05 2.11
D 1 0.01 1 0.01 0.01
GR 1 0.05 4 0.24 -
F- - - - -
IRL- - 2 0.65-
I- - 15 7.82 1.37
L- - - - -
NL 1 0.07 1 0.07 -
UK 22 2.56 27 2.96 0.32
EUR 10 27 5.51 55 17.17 4.06
(1) Before 1980 only two studies had been financed in Ireland 
and Northern Ireland
5.51 MILLION ECU PROVIDED FOR 27 STUDIES
65. In 1983, two Member States shared almost all the appropriations 
available for studies: the United Kingdom with 22 studies and Denmark with 
one major study in Greenland (see Table 10).
The 27 studies part-financed in 1983 by the Commission (which contributed 
approximately half of the costs involved) covered the following subjects:
a. the use of hydroelectric energy in GREENLAND (2.45 million ECU)
b. the development of a trans-frontier tourist project in the Federal 
Republic of GERMANY (0.01 million ECU) and the NETHERLANDS (0.07 
million ECU) (frontier regions)
Chapter II :  Community action in support of regional policy measures 
by the Member States 29

c. the redevelopment of the Liège steelmaking area (BELGIUM) through the
creation of new activities (0.37 million ECU)
d. the creation of a spa at Polyschnitos on the GREEK island of Lesbos
(0.05 million ECU)
e. 22 studies in the UNITED KINGDOM (2.56 million ECU):
• four concerning sewerage works (regions: Scotland and Yorkshire/ 
Humberside)
• one concerning the setting up of a data-processing centre (region: 
North)
• two concerning the construction of a road and a rail crossing in 
Vales
• one concerning the use of lignite in Northern Ireland
• two relating to the setting up of a telephone link and the laying of 
an underwater power line (regions: South-West and Scotland)
• four concerning the development of industrial and/or port areas 
(regions: North and Scotland)
• eight relating to the development and use of tourism and leisure 
facilities and the enhancement of historical sites (regions :  
Yorkshire/Humberside,  Scotland, North, East Midlands).
Only Luxembourg and France have not yet taken advantage of this 
possibility.
With regards to the state of progress of the co-financed studies, the 
situation, while not very satisfactory, improved slightly compared with 
the end of 1982. A quarter of the appropriations committed had been paid 
by the end of 1983; but there are still considerable backlogs in Greece, 
Italy and Ireland.
2.8 98% OF COMMITMENT APPROPRIATIONS USED IN 1983
66. The funds available for commitment in 1983 amounted to 2 164.28 
million ECU. This amount breaks down as follows:
TABLE 11
AVAILABLE FUNDS FOR COMMITMENT 1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio ECU)
Appropriations entered in 1983 budget 1 90950
Appropriations outstanding from 1982 556
Appropriations available from:
- decommitments
- changes in value of ECU92
8364
33
Unused appropriations from the specific Community measures 
section transferred to the support measures section 
Commitments in 1983 7325
Total appropriations available in 1983 2 16428
30 ERDF

The appropriations entered in the 1983 budget (1 909.5 million ECU) showed 
an increase of 14.2% much the same as the percentage rise from 1981 to 
1982.
67. The grant decisions taken in 1983 under the support measures section 
of the ERDF resulted in commitments totalling 2 121.61 million ECU11 
broken down as follows:
TABLE 12
AMOUNTS COMMITTED BY TYPE OF INVESTMENT IN 1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio ECU)
Industry, craft industry and services 23075
Infrastructure 1 88539
Studies (article 12) 547
Total 2 12161
The difference between total appropriations available (2 164,28 million 
ECU) and total commitments (2 121,61 million ECU) leaves a balance of 
42.67 million ECU, which is in fact the total cumulative balance since the 
Fund's inception. It reprensents only some 2% of the Commitment 
appropriations available for 1983 and less than 0.5% of the Commitments 
made during the period 1975-1983 (approximately 9 175 million ECU).
Table 13 provides a synopsis of the balance of commitment appropriations 
outstanding at each year-end since the Fund was set up; it shows that the 
available appropriations have been used up entirely since 1975.
The slight discrepancy between the amounts in ECU generally shown in 
this report and those in points 66 to 83, which cover accounting 
matters, is due to the application on different dates of rates for 
converting national currencies into ECU. The former were converted at 
the December 1983 rates, while for the latter commitments and payments 
were calculated at each month's exchange rates, with the commitments 
being revalued each month in line with fluctuations in rates.
Chapter II :  Community action in support of regional policy measures 
by the Member States 31

TABLE 13
BALANCES OF COMMITMENT APPROPRIATIONS OUTSTANDING 
EACH YEAR-END FROM 1975 TO 1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio ECU)
YearBudget Appropriations Appropria- Balance outstan-
appropriations available for tions used ding at year-end
commitment (1) up (2)
75/77 1 030.40(3) 1 047.23(3) 1 032.20(3) 15.03(3)
1978 581.00 599.84 556.36 43.48
1979 900.00 973.65 970.43 3.22
1980 1 106.75 1 169.64 1 137.79 31.85
1981 1 463.00 1 615.17 1 596.19 18.98
1982 1 669.00 1 817.69 1 812.13 5.56
1983 1 909.50 2 164.28 2 121.61 42.67
(1) Including appropriations carried over from the previous year,
appropriations made available through decommitment and
through adjustments, in respect of commitments remaining
payable from previous years, to take account of fluctuations
in the ECU rate.
(2) Commitments for the respective years adjusted to take account of
fluctuations in the ECU rate.
(3) Budget appropriations 1 300 Mio u a.,  appropriations
available for commitment 1 312.33 Mio u.a., appropriations used
up 1 301.64 Mio u.a. This leaves a balance of 10.69 Mio u.a.
converted into ECU at the rate ruling in January 1978.
68. Since for 1983, as for 1982, no quotas were laid down in the ERDF 
Regulation, the Commission committed the appropriations available in 
response to the applications made by the Member States on the basis of the 
distribution of resources provisionally decided on by the Council for 1981 
and by applying the criteria for selecting projects laid down in the 
Regulation.
In the interests of sound management of Community resources, the 
Commission used the commitment appropriations not taken up in 1983 by some 
Member States (owing to their failure to submit sufficient admissible 
grant applications within the time allowed) to grant aid in excess of the 
quotas laid down provisionally for 1981 to other Member States which had 
submitted sufficient admissible grant applications.
Each Member State's situation as regards the use of commitment 
appropriations is shown in Table 14.
2.9 36% INCREASE IN PAYMENTS IN 1983
69. The payment appropriations initially entered in the 1983 budget for 
the Fund s support measures section amounted to 1 180 million ECU, an 
increase of 16.26% compared with 1982. Including 98.0 million ECU which 
had been carried over, total payment appropriations available amounted to 
1 278.0 million ECU (see Table 38 in Annex A).
32 ERDF

cr o vj cr m rfücr rt • · Hse
Is «  . · HnU  Q
•  Pta h·
» î ?
pOrtH·
S
w
IOP
ft
PsMH·I
•oO
oV !
SP«C
£TABLE 1*»
USE OF COMMITMENT APPROPRIATIONS IN 1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mlo)
Member Commitments Credits * Balance Credits unused Cred i  ts Total credits
entered outstand i  ng under specific available by ava ilable
in 1983 at the end Commun i  ty decommitments for
State budget of 1982 measures and amendments comm i  tment
section 1983
Nat. cur. ECU ECU ECU ECU ECU ECU
B 407.50 8.88 29.22 0.81 0.15
DK 183.06 22.40 2.11 0.78 0.63
D 98.91 43.75 35.64 3.41 2.91
CR 28.91** 361.46 - 43.86 9.52 30.73
F 1 962.37 285.42 12.08 9.99 44.79
IRL 74.34 102.16 - 12.40 4.35 13.70
I 1 122.20** 818.96 - 18.54 26.00 39.37
L- 0.61 0.05 0.03
NL 50.99 20.14 5.71 0.91 0.00
UK 262.77 458.44 - 3.79 17.43 43.66
EUR 10 -2121.61 1 909.50 5.56 73.25 175.97 2 164.28
* The quotas set by the Council on 23.12.1980 (OJ L 349) are only valid for 1981. 
In allocating resources of the Fund for 1983, the Commission has stated it will 
be guided by the 1981 quotas.
** Thousand mill ions.vo00u>
CO
CO

TABLE 15
PAYMENTS MADE IN 1983
COMMITMENTS STILL TO BE PAID AT THE END OF 1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio ECU)
Member
StateCommit­
ments 
1975-1982 
still to be 
paid at end 
1982 (1)Commit­
ments
1983Payments Payments 
as %
of commit­
mentsCommit­
ments
to De paid 
at end 
1983
1982 1983 75/8275/83
B
DK
D
GR
F
IRL
I
L
NL
UK20.50 
23.52 
95.77 
151.05 
491.66 
88.46 
1 317.16 
3.36 
58.25 
593.138.88
22.40
43.75
361.47
285.42 
102.16 
818.96
20.14
458.4310.56
14.57 
61.65
152.35
126.18
91.55
276.97
0.06
3.23
213.567.03
16.70
45.05
214.59
214.56
91.57
344.50
0.02
18.12
294.4666.6
69.1
69.9
59.4
48.3
72.4
43.4
48.6 
45.3
62.768.0
70.2
73.1 
59.4 
53.9 
75.6
43.1
49.0 
52.8
63.122.35 
29.22 
94.47 
297.93 
562.52 
99.06 
1 791.63 
3.33 
60.27 
757.11
EUR 10 2 842.86 2 121.61 950.67 1 246.60 53.955.03 717.88
(1) Amounts adjusted to take account of decommitments and 
1  adjustments for fluctuations in the ECU rate.
70. Table 15 shows that payments actually made amounted to 1 246.6 
million ECU. The increase over payments made in 1982 was 35.94%. In 1982, 
the increase had been 20.1%.
Even though the endowment originally proposed for 1983 was increased by 
66.6 million ECU, almost 98% of the appropriations available were used up, 
compared with some 91% the previous year.
71. In actual fact, the applications for payment submitted by the Member 
States at 1 439.1 million ECU exceeded payments made by 192.5 million ECU, 
whereas the appropriations remaining amounted to only 97.6 million ECU. 
This difference was due mainly to the late submission of payment 
applications for whose processing additional information was required 
from the Member States (some 110 million ECU),  other reasons for the 
difference being the changes made during the processing procedure to 
payment applications submitted and the recovery of amounts released. The 
payments situation by Member State and for the Community as a whole is set 
out in Table 15.
34 ERDF

TABLE 16
PAYMENTS MADE IN 1983 AGAINST 1975-1983 COMMITMENTS 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio)
Meibir Payments made in 1983 against commitments Total payments 1983
State 1975-77 1978 19791980 1981 1982 1983 Nations 1
ECUECU ECUECU ECU ECU ECU currency ECU
B 0.22 1.51 0.06 0.18 4.60 0.46 322.68 7.03
OK- -- 0.04 0.90 4.3210.53 0.98 133.27 16.70
D 0.900.16- 0.04 1.1310.54 24.30 8.05 101.82 45.05
GR-• - -12.15 61.92140.51 16.76* 214.59
F - 0.01« 1.6816.03 36.84 30.77101.22 28.071 479.59 214.56
IRL 1.101.1*7- 0.51 1.55 4.2735.49 48.21 55.80 91.57
1 1.839.01 7.7260.90114.94 131.93 18.18 471.37* 344.50
L- » -0.02- • - 0.92 0.02
NL - 0.02 - -9.06 -9.07 - 45.95 18.12
UK -13.22 1.57- 5.84 9.6841.75206.72 53.79 176.69 294.46
EUR 10 - 9.23 13.89 18.83120.14 218.92 585.80 298.25 -1 246.60
* in thousand millions

72. Overall, the ratio of total payments to commitments increased 
slightly at the end of 1983 to 55%, compared with 53.3% at the end of 1978. 
However, it remains fairly stable, having shown a maximum spread of some 3 
percentage points between the highest ratio recorded at the end of 1980 
(56.4%), and the lowest recorded in 1979 (53.2%). That overall payments 
represent only about one half of commitments stems inevitably from the 
Fund Regulation. When a decision to grant aid is taken, the total amount 
of the grant is committed immediately, whereas settlement of the 
commitment is staggered over several years in step with the progress of 
the investment projects financed and with the outlay by Member States. 
Moreover, ERDF payments are made only in response to specific claims by 
the Member States concerned. All other things being equal, the ratio will 
be lower as commitments in recent years have been greater.
73. Table 16 provides a breakdown, for each Member State, of payments 
made in 1983 against the corresponding commitments made in previous years. 
The payments relating to the period 1975-1979 account for a tiny 
proportion (2% of total payments in 1983). This proportion is somewhat 
higher for those Member States which, like Italy (5.4%), and France (8.2%) 
are slow in submitting payment claims. In 1983 these two countries plainly 
made an effort to clear old files.
TABLE 17
PAYMENT APPROPRIATIONS SINCE 1975 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio ECU)
Year Budget Payments Balance of credits
appropriations made remaining since
1975
1975(1) 122.31 74.06 48.25
1976(1) 229.05 213.05 64.25
1977(1) 294.53 275.70 83.08(1)
1978 525.00 254.89 353.19
1979 483.00 513.15 32304
1980 392.38 726.70 000
+ 16.00(2) 472
1981 799.20 791.41
+ 3.34(2) 1585
1982 1 015.00 950.67 9796
+ 17.78(2)
1983 1 180.00 1246.60 3136
Total 5 077.59 5046.23 3136
(1) Million of units ofaccount converted intomillion ECUatthe
annualaverage rate for each year
(2) Transfer from the specific Community measures section
(chap.51) to the support measures section (chap.50).
74. The last but one column in Table 15 shows, for each Member State, the 
payments made from 1975 to 1983 as a percentage of.the total commitments 
made over the same period. Despite its efforts to catch up, Italy 
continues to record a percentage of payments much lower at 43.1% than the 
Community average (55%) and roughly equal to that in 1982 (43.4%). The 
Netherlands (52.8%) and France (53.9%) are also still somewhat below the 
Community average.
Table 39 provides a breakdown by Member State of payments from the Fund 
each year since 1975.
75. Table 17 summarizes the settlement of payment appropriations since 
the Fund was set up. Annual allocations of payment appropriations total
36 ERDF

5 077.6 million ECU. At 31 December 1983, 5 046.2 million ECU had been 
accounted for by paymeents made since 1975, which represents a rate of 
utilization of 99.4%.
78. In 1983, the amounts involved in the settlement of commitments 
through application of the accelerated payments procedure can be put at 
198 million ECU, as against 268 million ECU in 1982. Accelerated payments 
thus accounted for 24% of total payments made in 1983, compared with 28% 
in 1982.
2.10 CONTROLS: NO IRREGULARITY DETECTED
77. In accordance with Article 8 of the Fund Regulation committed 
contributions are paid out upon presentation by the Member State concerned 
of statements certifying the public expenditure incurred (the basis for 
Fimd assistance) and the existence of detailed supporting documents. The 
latter do not have to accompany payment claims. The conformity of the 
statements presented to the Commission with the supporting documents is 
verified on the occasion of on-the-spot checks carried out pursuant to 
Article 9 (3) of the Fund Regulation on a sample of projects aided by the 
Fund.
As provided for in Article 9 (4) of the Fund Regulation, on-the-spot 
inspections also have the object of verifying the conformity of completed 
projects with the proposals as originally presented to the Fund and that 
of national administrative practices with Community rules, particularly 
as regards public tendering. Establishing that the projects carried out 
conform with the operations for which Fund assistance was provided also 
involves analysing the effectiveness of the projects financed, 
particularly in terms of employment and production in the case of 
industrial projects and in terms of the level of use and economic 
environment in the case of infrastructure projects.
78. In 1983, the Court of Auditors of the European Communities was 
associated with three on-the-spot inspections by the Commission.
79. In 1983, the Commission made on-the-spot inspections (sending 
officials from the Directorates-General for Regional Policy and for 
Financial Control) on 200 projects, compared with 204 in 1982 and 223 in 
1981. This brought the number of projects inspected on-site since the Fund 
was established to 1 468. The projects inspected in 1983 accounted for 
Fund assistance totalling some 149 million ECU, as against 338 million ECU 
in 1982 and 335 million ECU in 1981. These figures should be seen against 
commitments of some 7 050 million ECU for the period 1975-1982 and 
payments of 3 800 million ECU in the same period. It should also be noted 
that the total number of projects inspected in 1983 involved investment 
amounting to approximately 914 million ECU.
80. During the year the Commission continued its action to deal with 
"dormant" projects, i.e. projects for which no payment claim had been 
received for some 18 months. It continued its inquiries, introduced on a 
regional basis in 1981, using on-the-spot checks to examine, in 
association with the administering authorities, projects where payments 
had fallen behind schedule. The purpose was to discover the causes of such 
delays and to speed up the processing or closure of files, either by final 
payment if the projects had been completed or by releasing the 
appropriations allocated if they had not been carried out. In 1983 823 
"dormant" projects were inspected (as against 359 in 1982 and 236 in 
1981). Following these inspections, 27 projects lost their grants (the 
appropriations being released), 39 were the subject of further payment 
claims and 352 the subject of a final claim to close the file.
Chapter II :  Community action in support of regional policy measures 
by the Member States 37

81. On-the-spot checks in 1983 did not reveal any operation of a 
fraudulent nature, i.e. no case of undue financial benefit being obtained 
by way of an illegal procedure.
82. Generally speaking, on-the-spot inspections carried out during the 
year revealed occasional flaws in the information supplied by the Member 
States in grant applications and payment claims. They also brought to 
light some tardiness in informing the Commission of the completion of 
projects, delaying the closure of files.
83. In response to this situation, the Commission systematically 
continued in 1983 its general effort to clear files on projects dating 
back to 1975, 1976 and 1977. This action, which was to have been completed 
by the end of 1983 for those three financial years and will steadily be 
extended to files still pending from subsequent years, is intended to 
close the files on projects which have far overrun their original 
schedule.
The Member States have generally made a real effort to clear the files 
remaining from the first three-year period. The number of projects still 
on the books from the year 1975, 1976 and 1977 had fallen from 402 at the 
time the action began to 189 by 31 December 1983. Unsettled commitments 
dating back to the period 1975-1977 fell from 75.781 million ECU on 31 
December 1981 to 58.576 million ECU at the end of 1983. This latter 
amount represents only 3% of commitments during the period 1975-1977.
2.11 INFORMATION ON ERDF ACTIVITIES
2.11.1 The European citizen's right to know
84. The ERDF Regulation12 requires that Fund operations be publicized as 
follows :
• the investors concerned are to be informed that part of the aid granted 
to them has been provided by the Community;
• for infrastructure projects, the Member States are to take all necessary 
steps to ensure that assistance from the Fund is given suitable 
publicity;
• the list of projects which have received contributions from the Fund is 
to be published every six months in the Official Journal of the European 
Communities.
The Commission and the Member States use a wide variety of means to 
implement these provisions, some of them suggested by the Fund Committee.
The Commission attaches very great importance to the publicizing of Fund 
operations. It considers that the European public is entitled to know how 
the Community administers the resources for which taxpayers in the Member 
States foot the bill. Fund operations, being in support of visible 
practical projects, are a particularly apt advertisement for the direct 
benefit people derive from Community action to promote the development of 
the regions they live in.
12 Article 10.
38 ERDF

2.11.2 Press information in 1983: greater regional coverage
85. After each of the four series of grant decisions, the Commission 
issued a press package consisting of a general section and a national 
section for each Member State concerned. The general section contains 
comments and tables covering the whole allocation (with figures shown in 
ECU).  The national sections contain comments on the grants to the country 
concerned, tables (with figures in national currencies) and a list of all 
the projects assisted.
These national sections are particularly important for the regional and 
local press, which is generally far more interested in ERDF operations 
than the supraregional or national press. For that reason, the Commission 
has continued to improve the lists of projects by incorporating into them 
as much detail as possible. This would not have been possible without 
information from the ERDF data bank.
A number of governments, in particular the United Kingdom and Irish 
Governments, supplement the Commission's press activities by providing 
their own press releases on ERDF aid. The Commission welcomes this 
initiative.
A press release was also issued when the Commission amended its proposal 
for recasting the Regional Fund Regulation.
2.11.3 Signboards: tangible evidence of the ERDF
86. The signboards which the Member States erect at the sites of some 
infrastructure projects are a very effective means of publicizing the 
ERDF's financial contribution, since the notice draws attention directly 
to a highly visible practical structure.
Since the Regional Fund was set up, signboards have been erected for some 
2 500 projects. Examples are shown below. The erection of such signboards 
was agreed by the members of the Fund Committee in 1975-1976. It was 
decided that they should be put up only for projects exceeding a given 
cost.
Unfortunately, agreement was not reached on what that level of cost should 
be, with the result that the thresholds vary from one Member State to 
another.
However, as Table 18 shows, the Member States do not even erect signboards 
according to the threshold they have adopted, and the Commission greatly 
regrets that the undertakings given in this respect are not being met.
The Commission is considering whether to introduce provisions which would 
require the Member States to provide the public with better information by 
means of signboards.
2.11.4 Publication in the Official Journal: proposed improvment
87. The lists of projects receiving ERDF assistance which are published 
regularly in the Official Journal contain too little information. They 
simply show the assistance given by region and do not identify individual 
projects.
Chapter II :  Community action in support of regional policy measures 
by the Member States 39

TABLE 18
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT SIGNBOARDS ERECTED 
FROM 1975 TO 1983
Member Threshold Number of projects Number of of
State (Mio ECU) above signboards which
CD the threshold erected in 1983
B 1 53 38 (1975-1981)-
DK/Grønland 0.5/2 5/18 10 3
D 0.5 (2) 335 (3) 74 17
GR 609 (4) 600 253
F 2 274 40 (1975-1981) -
IRL 2 99 94 (1975-1982) -
I 0.5 1 595 995 154
L 1 9 4 (1975-1982) -
NL 1 45 24 10
UK 0.5 1 899 621 10
EUR 10 5 019 Approx. 2 500
(1) Threshold of investment for which it has been agreed to
provide publicity
(2) In Germany, the threshold is 10 Mio ECU for investment projects
already started when the grant decision is taken
(3) Projects exceeding the threshold of 0.5 Mio ECU
(4) Total number of projects
The Commission is planning to change the system applied since 1975 and to 
publish in the Official Journal the same information which it distributes 
to the press concerning each project.
Details of the first and second allocations for 1983 were published in the 
Official Journal in November 1983, the third in February 1984 and the 
fourth in May 1984.
2.11.5 Information for investors
88. As in previous years, the Commission informed the private investors 
concerned that part of the public funds they had received had come from 
the Community, by sending letters to that effect to those carrying out 
productive investment in the industry, craft industry and services 
sector.
40 ERDF

ILLUSTRATION 1
NORDSØCENTRET HAR , e S
EF-KOMMISSIONENS K v J e S  e ^ g e S  
STORE BEVÅGENHED ,
UabiIibaab IpaI w H A l Ah miwIllAAl C €  P H  I I I  I «  m fp h  PAAlppI ^Apll j  -  oir-V^/rirtvi *k»\W·* »«od‘ *  . n f » l  · 'Norduceniret er nelop modiagel 55 mlll, kr. fra 
jblevcl bevilget 40 mlll. kr. denne fond, der har (II for­
af Den europæiske Pond m il al bidrage til at udllg· 
for Regionaludvikling som ne de væ seniii"*'''
DcrinN~ALFONPS/yjerteZi^£h^Pi?IHl^ 
f —------ — ■ ■  ! ' r 1»  J  /v .i^ - r A h icentret 
forts 
kommijsione.nElfnn'4 *
Y1C IV W  -----
/z
 ivim. deutscheStruktur-Fördergebiete
.T T  wv»«ck.ai I«  * ” * n **L  di« nichtïc
v oO*
"  S S Ä “ S S  V'e\ W S s t e S  -•"■Si ··
»t* * - - * »  reed\35 miliai
' B S S S V » n w ' '
1 * · ___ ot T rt n Z tn c in tl Hil 1
eu
ropéen de  
régional est\  roma - * z r xl«noWÎ
‘"'®o 4‘^ r C c · A " 10“ 10ni»-f«3S
/ de °éve/op ®Ur°Péen
/ °U F X, ta '' Bu0o.6,'0M |* .?2 1“Lro.g!1  '»M c, „d.· a‘v«i ·· v#üf a· i? 0°Äi(^£DFo f « o Å !  ^m#n»· h , . 3*  Pro/af| r t .T^· en / * .  .^C'Quet cT?.1  d·" s ^ s S t ·eg'0"8·
j  ,r 'S®3La révision du Fonds ^:jssenerne ·;© a -  ■ ·  ;  ^
-....... -^Igets-EECvsdé
veloppement grant 
engagée r ^AN  E £ C __
CH. fronten 4-  ^-Mppe-nen«9 3  m illions pour le Luxembourg
Am énagem ent de la xone industrielle - V o lte r .à Dudelange/Bettembourg,r4'·
jOt c  1·^'
U Conuol^on 4.· Commun.»«. .»·
"Vo·. «rLaTO”w » UMicht 4« w « “ ·  “ decUon
W  t e  * « , * 0 3 ^ 3 “
r a ^ Y “ > ^ v M  » ? r  ” _ k
Merseyside given generous slice of 
£149 m regional R id  grant from EEC
.«eUMl w  ^£1·»· ?rt a I  10,0 ■ lu m lu l ·< Ih'f city1 · Mroui'' ‘ P* bu,,i,B»  lol#_  Q . .. I  Brawn 1**®®** »”  · eordcr«nea centr·.
‘ d ' â w . W Â ’ï? ,,,u“ Y M '!°d Ä “‘•vold# it u  £3.3 ollWon l©  inerea* 
provtmtnu I. Ä  iü î  K m l «  V « ~ »  J ." '« « .'.‘i
.nnounc.d y tiu rt.»  t y »>· lo®or ftuiai Mpieityi tna er«·»· “ - r 7 “
______  U,. ZlbVrt"'Docÿ W.rj- ■ V ^ T J u  'Ù S Œ u n i " )
KÏ
 -'-■i· JÎÇjïnf.a u .....Do
ck
„ _jy fu tu re 0/ ....
innounccä ytuenuy J * ' ”’  IC tb Uoû U b*wm·Europtin Comn.up.iy Connu. ««« J ,tru c u rtü o n  . 1 4.  r.üonM l.oUon 4u u  "  
n w iu iv n . iM tfu rtlq » · J  ! J, lun^ r :  
nhiau« font a p p n rü u w q u a c M ^  #  ^  ^
Brüssel hält  
vieles geheim
SulUamc Kucksichteu auf 
Firmen und Hegicrungeu 
Y un K rleb llM U » c r
Wenn deuUch* Firmen hui dem Re­
gionalfonds der EG F»nanzterun*siu- 
schilasP für InveiUltonen erhalten, lat 
die ßruisoler EG-Korntni»ton »ogar a<·- 
genber Europa-AbKeordnelen nur be­
schrankt auskunftsfähig, obgleich das · 
Europa-Parlament auch das Finanige- 
baren der Gemeinschuft kontrollieren 
soll. Dies hat der SPD-Abgeurdnvte 
Gerhard Schmid aufgedeckt. Ursache 
sei ein ..Auskunftsverbot-, das der EG- 
Kominlssion vom Bundeswirtschnfisml- 
matenum unter Berufung auf Artikel 
'Jü3, Abs. 2 des deutschen Strafgesetzbu­
ches tum Schutt von Betriebs- und tu —  
schöftsgeheirnnisscn .luferL gt wenl»*. 
Schnud weist darauf hin. dal! aber das 
Bonner Bundesm inistm um  für For­
schung und Technologie jährlich einen 
Katalog aller von ihm aus Bunde*nut- 
leln bezuschudten Firmen mit Einzel­
heiten veröffentliche.
Chapter II :  Community action in support of regional policy measures 
by the Member States 41

ILLUSTRATION 2
A j y l w  ltW  Centre A ri-»
*  S T A T IO N  D E  PO M PA G E
fl" * '* 1 ' i ï Z ï f m “ *  d.«i·»*"»'  "»l,uL
Crran Annum - lidi» - taleUU*·
Mm*
illtfM It W *’ : S«»mjK>— «J— ^1
Le r w ic k  
Ha r b o u r  Tr u s t
H o l m s g a r t h  T e r m i n a l
R&O F e r r ie s
O r k n e y  &  S h e t l a n d  S e r v i c e s
Thi* Development was assisted by t Crant from 
; ^ the Regional Developinijn'  Eund of the 
>LL..··' ..European Economic C o m m u n i t y
| ;  :.  A V.: ERSCHLIESSUNG ; EINES INDUSTRIEGEBIETES 
,-OER. BREMEH . .  STRASSE DURCH DIE .
f j - a^ S T A O T  ROTENBURG (WURIME)
1  .......... '  "
fl
kr v H  A r Imb»tr1e*bto In A » r Grtow von 2o h* o rsc h lo m ·. .
;A« dor Flnwr f o f t n  dor,Kostofl TQr.dto E rtchnontm s dloow Indnttrlo- 
|A M m W  s k l  der . · ,
v·' · ■  a--'i-·.;.;.·  ·,vEUROPÄISCHE  FONDS FÜR REGK5XA1I. ENTWCTJUKG (EFRE)( , ' / ■A· ■ ■  ---■ ■- ■ ■ ■ ■ - ■  — --
ST
ADT'ROTDfBUTiG . ( T f e E ) , . ' . , . .  '
A ·  n " ·  .V.'/.V’ C * f  .V-vr-i»Bi «r« eii »M»n>·  J« . <  w _  '*·».·.·. V»J\ ,.y, /*<;» .· .v · ;  ;·. ·· ··. ,
42 ERDF

ILLUSTRATION 3
^ p 'O N E  A U T O N O M A  F R I U L I - V E N E Z I A  G I U L I A
COWSOR/IO ptR tACOUtDOno DEI.FRIUU CUUHALE-Umwt 
i l&toSTRUTTOIIÌ F  MICUORAMtiriO D i A C Q U E D O T T I · ·  
ORU RlOfMORTMA PRtAUH G HJUf [ DCUE VALU DtlKATTSWF
■·■:— -·.·· ·- is.dcq.ooo.doo.· ·;, ,·.· ·.<■ ■·. .
F I N A N Z I A M E N T I  ,
Sì?,!?, FWUl1'v t DOUA- '  · ' .  L B EOO DOO 000.COMUBITA ECONOMICA EUROPEA , · . ■ ·  . ‘ >V>l_4 800 000 000 
•  CORSORflfl ACQUEDOTTO ffflUU CERTRALE > i’ V* L U OO.OOO ooo!
Proget to e A mbone lavori : dr. lngJTALO_W KfH È C ^ Z Ì
i  'a * Uì’ ^.h e*  w v m w  tot Moto tmm mttte u un*, mLBVOfl (M J m  Kn tO . , ! po ìxu ou ) m l m**aj co*  d<*t v*zjom  n *  v*wuu*o  , . r ; v t rvou**o— Lr»i.»*«j»*o
AppòfUtl (WTkTlp.J OIPOS tri —moc eoeinA.wA wr>wy»>i
.  _ :'liTFL***OK>A*l>-umCI S J O m t.H A Z JA  I  I% *L·  V
A&ahtenta ai tav . i  o ™ *  * ^ 9  T v«TjQj=.ato»CAL09W «S y^
THIS SCHEME I S bLlNG ASSIST LU UY CHANTS 
FROM THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY  
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
©  Northumbrian Water
• · mm  ; 
0 m s ^ S 3 S ì i ^ M  » ä ©
DIRECTORATE
OF OPERATIONS AND WORKSr » ,> iT
- ---------^  ‘ LlàAM ^
Fyne Fe e s Funnelling
CONSTRUCTION GROUP
•  ' m .  :
C.B^'-'SCtfAG
,STUTTGART ·
•  rcrwANY ·!
t.SRONSOP.Iwa’CO..AMONK aCOLTO 
BOSTON SPA
YORKSHIREGtXZUTLiN AG j
·. STUTTGART 
r  :  GTHMAMY^7]
» ■  /ƒ ’  ChnfpftM c f < *  Hlron·> · I t i  ) Iy g r e i s s * ? ”i h r m / r z r
Chapter II :  Community action in support of regional policy measures 
by the Member States 43

ILLUSTRATION 4
.  ■ ·  i:  }  r K  z- ·  _ .......
T H
I S  P L A Q U E  ÂCKNO.vi/LEDGp||g|gM  
ASSISTANCÎfROyiDEPlSI^IÂ  
'%  -, aHE' MARtTIMEpLI.S™
B Y  ; T H E , R E 6I P K A Ü ? D E V  ELOpEHjl  
:ίî;/EURbPEAfcËCONÔl(iä|®lίl,
i > FF'RrVï /fë
BERTH
FO R EST PRODUCTS^TIjÉINÂlJ
This Project Is Partly R r a n ^  By  
The European Régional
Development Fund^^*
44 ERDF

3.0 CHAPTER III : SPECIFIC COMMUNITY REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
MEASURES
3.1 NEW TYPE OF MEASURES
89. As provided for in Article 13 of the ERDF Regulation, specific 
Community regional development measures are to include measures 'linked 
with Community policies and with measures adopted by the Community in 
order to take better account of their regional dimension or to reduce 
their regional consequences".
On 7 October 1980 the Council adopted five proposals for specific 
Community regional development measures under this section of the ERDF. 
This first series of measures is designed to enable the Community to 
contribute, for a limited period of time, to resolving problems for which 
it bears special responsability in specific regions proposed by the 
Commission on the basis of Community criteria. These are regions liable to 
be affected by the consequences of decisions and measures taken under 
other Community policies, especially outlying regions facing special 
problems to do with their remoteness.
These measures seek to promote:
• the development of certain Mediterranean regions (Mezzogiorno and 
South-West France) in the context of the enlargement of the Community to 
include Spain and Portugal - Regulation (EEC) nr. 2615/80
• the creation of new activities in certain areas seriously affected by 
the restructuring of the steel industry in Belgium, Italy and the United 
Kingdom - Regulation (EEC) nr. 2616/80
• the creation of new activities in similary hard-hit shipbuilding areas 
in the United Kingdom - Regulation (EEC) nr. 2617/80)
• an improvement in the security of energy supply in inland areas in the 
Mezzogiorno - Regulation (EEC) nr. 2618/80)
• an improvement in the economic and social situation of the border areas 
of Ireland and Northern Ireland - Regulation (EEC) nr. 2619/80.
These measures differ from Community support measures as regards both the 
nature of operations assisted and the financing procedures. They are 
implemented in the form of special multiannual programmes presented by 
Member States for approval by the Commission, after consultation with the 
Fund Committee.
The programmes receive financial assistance totalling 220 million ECU in 
the period 1981-1985. They must form part of the regional development 
programmes of the countries concerned. In addition, they must contain 
information analysing the situation and needs related to the objectives 
pursued, specify the operations proposed and the timetable for carrying 
them out and, more generally, supply all factors necessary to enable their 
consistency with regional development objectives to be assessed.
In the context of these programmes, the Fund may finance jointly with the 
Member States concerned a series of operations to which it does not 
contribute under its support measures, notably market studies, the
Chapter III :  Specific community regional development measures 45

promotion of industrial innovation, management advisory services, 
improved access for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to risk 
capital, etc... These operations may benefit from Community assistance of 
up to 70%, which means a substantial increase in the funds available for 
operations carried out in Member States. Fund assistance may go to public 
authorities including local authorities, various organizations, firms or 
individuals.
Under the first five regulations, eight special programmes were approved 
by the Commission, after consulting with the Fund Committee, between June 
1981 and July 1982. The ninth and last programme, which concerns the 
measures in the steel making areas in Italy, was sent to the Commission in 
March 1984.
3.2 COMMITMENTS AND PAYMENTS FOR SPECIFIC COMMUNITY  
MEASURES: APPROPRIATIONS AVAILABLE EXCEED UTILIZATION
90. Table 19 gives the commitments and payments for each of the 
programmes implemented between 1981 and 1983. At the end of 1983, 
commitments amounted to 79.16 million ECU, or 36.6% of the total 
allocation of 216 million ECU. Payments amounted to 38.98 million ECU or 
half of the appropriations committed.
In 1983, expenditure on the implementation of specific Community measures 
fell short of forecasts. There were three reasons for this. First, 
because certain measures concerning non physical investment were a 
novelty in the Member States, special regulations or laws may have had to 
be adopted at national level before they could be implemented.
Second, there was the implementing procedure. While the changeover from 
individual project financing to multiannual programme financing makes for 
greater consistency both in the use of different measures and between the 
specific objectives of a particular programme and the more general 
regional devlepment objectives, it also calls for additional efforts on 
the part of the Member States. In each case, the planning work requires 
the active participation of the public agencies, semi- public bodies and 
business enterprises involved in carrying out the measures. This takes 
more time.
Third, given the budget procedure in some Member States the machinery for 
paying out Community grants was found to be too rigid. This difficulty was 
resolved when the second series of specific Community measures was 
adopted, and the flows of finance for the measures in progress should 
therefore return to normal:
• Fund grants can now be paid direct to the agencies responsible for 
implementing the measures specified in the programmes
• the system of advance payments to Member States has been improved. From 
each annual instalment, an initial advance of 60% (and not 30% as 
before) may be paid over, followed by a further advance (25%) once half 
(and not the full amount as before) of the initial advance has been 
spent.
46 ERDF

TABLE 19
COMMITMENTS AND PAYMENTS 1901-1983 
ERDF, SPECIFIC COMMUNITY MEASURES
Special programs»»Tota1  alio-
cation over
5 years 
Mlo ECUComm i  tments Payments
Year Amounts *(*)Year Amounts *(*)
Mio nat. Mio 
cur. ECUMio nat. Mio 
cur. ECU
France- 
Enlargement 55.001981
198296.21 15.56 
83.05 12.67 51.31981
1982
198328.88 4.67 
24.91 3.80 
32.11 4.6724.0
United Kingdom- 
Border areas 8.001981
19830.27 0.47 
0.85 1.48 24.41981
1982
19830.08 0.14 
0.16 0.29 
0.28 0.4942.0
1reland- 
Border areas 16.001981
19832.22 3.22 
3.16 4.35 47.31981
1982
19830.66 0.96 
1.33 1.93 
2.13 2.9321.0
1  ta 1y- 
Energy 16.00 1981 6 610.53 5.03 31.41981 1 984.47 1.51 9.0
1  ta 1y- 
Enlargement 65.00 198121 211.51 16.14 24.81982 6 486.28 4.84 7.0
Be 1  g Ium-
St.ee 1  areas6.00 1981
19827.04 0.17 
36.43 0.80 16.21982 13.21 0.29
5.0
United Kingdom- 
Steel areas 33.00 1982 7.37 12.76 38.71982 4.35 7.53 23.0
United Kingdom- 
Sh i  pbu tiding a reas17.00 1982 3.76 6.51
38.31982
19832.17 3.75 
0.68 1.18 29.0
lota i 216.00 79.1636.6 38.98 18.0
(*) Percentage of total allocation

TABLE 20
AVAILABLE FUNDS AND COMMITMENTS 1983 
ERDF, SPECIFIC COMMUNITY MEASURES
(Mio ECU)
Appropriations entered in 1983 budget 10050
Appropriations outstanding from 1982 7908
Total appropriations available in 1983 17958
Appropriations committed 583
Appropriations transferred to support measures 7325
Balance outstanding at end of year 10050
Table 20 compares the appropriations available for commitment and the 
appropriations actually committed in 1983. As provided for in Article 2 
(3b) of the ERDF Regulation, the amount by which the funds available 
exceed requirements (73.25 million ECU) was transferred at the end of 1983 
from the section covering specific Community measures to that covering 
support measures.
3.3 INSPECTIONS
91. In 1983, on-the-spot checks were carried out in respect of four of 
the eight special programmes ("France-Enlargement",  "United Kingdom- 
Steel areas" and United Kingdom-Shipbuilding areas").
The checks had two main objectives. From an economic viewpoint, they were 
concerned with conformity and, above all, effectiveness, i.e. the extent 
to which the objectives of the special programmes had been achieved and 
the contribution which the various measures were making towards those 
objectives. At a technical and financial level, their purpose was to 
verify on an overall basis, by type of operation and for a sample of 
individual projects the figures certified by the Member State in question.
The Commission inspectors were particularly anxious to discover why there 
were delays in implementing the special programmes. After the checks had 
been carried out, the Italian athorities were approached with a view to 
"unfreezing" the "Italy - Enlargement" and "Italy - Energy" programmes, 
where the hold-up had found to be an administrative one. The procedural 
difficulties encountered in France in implementing the "France 
Enlargement" programme are in the process of being resolved.
3.4 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC COMMUNITY MEASURES
3.4.1 Publication in the Official Journal
92. Under the regulations adopted by the Council in October 1980, the 
special programmes presented to the Commission by Member States must be 
published in the Official Journal. The eight programmes approved by the 
Commission were published in May 1984.
Because of the appreciable and inevitable delays that occur between 
transmission of the special programmes to the Commission and their
48 ERDF

publication in the Official Journal, the second series of regulations 
relating to specific Community measures, adopted by the Council in 1983, 
no longer require such programmes to be pulished in the Official Journal, 
but simply their publication by the Commission. In this way, the details 
of the programmes will be made public sooner.
3.4.2 Information activity by national authorities
93. The special programmes presented by Member States' governments to the 
Commission pursuant to the first five regulations indicate how they 
propose to publicize the programmes. For 1983, only two reports were sent 
to the Commission (instead of eight, one for each of the special 
programmes). They concern the specific measure in the border areas of 
Ireland and Northern Ireland. The report for Northern Ireland makes no 
mention of any measures to inform the public of the Community's 
contribution. The Irish authorities, on the other hand, list a number of 
such measures (signboards, debates and questions in parliament), which 
have made the public well aware of the contribution from the Community.
As regards the special "steel areas" and "shipbuilding areas" programmes 
in their country, the United Kingdom authorities made a particular effort 
to keep the public informed by supplying the press with some detailed 
information on the implementation of the programmes. This initiative is 
especially welcome as it provides details which the Commission does not 
possess and is thus unable to communicate to the public.
3.4.3 Information activity by the Commission
94. The Commission is unable to give as much publicity to specific 
Community measures as it does to ERDF grants for individual projects. 
Only the Member States know all the details of the special programmes and 
it is therefore they who are the only ones in a position to inform the 
public, as the United Kingdom has done.
When the second series of specific Community measures was adopted by the 
Council, the Commission released to the press a statement by the Member of 
the Commission responsible for regional policy.
3.5 A SECOND SERIES OF COMMUNITY MEASURES ADOPTED IN  JANUARY 1984
95. In 1983, the Council discussed the proposals presented by the 
Commission in November 1982 for a second series of specific Community 
measures. In early 1984, it adopted the proposals, which had been endorsed 
by the Economic and Social Committee (opinion delivered on 23 March 1983) 
and by Parliament. In a resolution approved almost unanimously on 10 June 
1983, Parliament had noted that the proposals supplemented and improved 
the specific Community measures already in force and had welcomed the 
choice of subjects, the concentration on declining industrial sectors and 
the introduction of business advisory services. At the same time, it had 
passed a number of amendments which the Commission took into account when 
redrafting its initial proposals.
Chapter III :  Specific community regional development measures 49

4.0 CHAPTER  TV; LOCATION OF ERDF ASSISTANCE
4.1 FIFTEEN REGIONS RECEIVED THREE QUARTERS OF GRANTS
96. The extent to which the principle of geographical concentration of 
ERDF assistance is put into practice can be seen from an analysis of the 
proportion of grants given to the fifteen regions in the Community which 
received most of the assistance. Of the 119 regions in the Community of 
Ten, only 67 are actually assisted by the Fund since they receive regional 
aid from their governments.
Of these 67 regions, fifteen in 1983 received almost three quarters of 
Fund assistance compared with two thirds in 1982, as can be seen from 
Table 21. This means that in 1983 concentration on the most disadvantaged 
regions increased very markedly.
97. In 1982, Campania (Italy) had already been at the top of the list 
receiving 16% of ERDF assistance, but 1983 brought a narrowing of the gap 
with the next most-aided region, central and eastern Macedonia (Greece), 
which received 12% of ERDF assistance.
The fifteen most-assisted regions are not identical from one year to the 
next. In 1983, five regions joined the list - central and western 
Macedonia and Basilicata, for which aid increased eight-fold, and 
Midi-Pyrénées,  Réunion and Abruzzi, for which aid increased four-fold - 
and another five regions dropped out: Brittany, Guadeloupe, Martinique, 
Northern Ireland and Yorkshire/Humberside.
The distribution of grants in the priority regions was analysed in Chapter 
I, paragraph 21.
98. For a clearer overview of the ERDF's effort in each assisted region, 
its activities have been illustrated by two maps portraying the regional 
distribution of assistance in terms of total amounts and amounts per 
capita (maps 3 and 4).
Using the latter criterion, we can measure the intensity of ERDF 
assistance on the basis of population density. Tables 40 and 41 in Annex A 
provide all the data on the distribution of assistance by type of 
investment and per capita from 1975 to 1983.
4.2 LOCATION OF ASSISTANCE IN CERTAIN ASSISTED REGIONS
99. This section of Chapter IV reviews ERDF assistance in each of the 
Community countries (see Table 22). After a brief analysis for the country 
as a whole, details of ERDF assistance are given for all the regions which 
received grants in 1983, with the exception of France and the Federal 
Republic of Germany, where certain regions were selected.
Chapter IV: Location of ERDF assistance 51

TABLE 21
THE FIFTEEN REGIONS RECEIVING THE BULK OF ERDF ASSISTANCE 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio ECU)
1983 1982 1975-1983
Regions Ass i  s- 
tanceRegions Ass 1s- 
tanceRegions Assis­
tance
Campania
Ken t r.Dyt.MakedonIa
Scotland
Calabria
I  re I  and
Basi IIcata
Sicilia
Wales
Pug Ii a
North West
North
Mldl-Pyr6nóes 
Pelop.Dyt.Ste Ellas 
Réunion 
Abruzzi291.50 
253.44 
1*45.51 
106.30 
102.20 
89.72 
83.13 
82. U3 
80.96 
73.52 
57.U1 
54.U2 
42.17 
41.51 
38.7513.78
11.98
6.88
5.03
4.84
4.25
3.93
3.90
3.83 
3.48 
2.72 
2.58 
2.00 
1.97
1.84Campan i  a
I  re I  and
Scot I  and
North
Wales
Sicilia
Calabria
Bretagne
Pug Ii a
North West
Guade Ioupe
Ma rt i  n i  que
PeI op.Dyt.Ste.E I  las
Northern Ireland
Vo rkshIre/Humbe rsI de298.28
114.34
112.30
105.17
89.40
67.37
65.92
63.93 
53.39 
50.01 
47.76 
46.12 
44.43 
41.48 
35.2816.00 
6.14 
6.03 
5.65 
4.80 
3.62 
3.54 
3.43 
2.87 
2.69 
2.57 
2.48 
2.39 
2.23 
1.90Campania 
Scotland 
Sici I  ia 
I  re I  and 
North 
Ca I  a b r i  a 
Wales
Kentr.Dyt.MakedonI a 
Pug 11 a
Northern Ireland
North West
Bretagne
Sa rdegna
Abruzzi
Lazio1 058.29
588.94
567.61 
554.32 
410.57
368.61 
336.11 
322.07 
310.01 
261.97 
243.70
236.81
227.94 
175.45
156.8111.48
6.39
6.16
6.
4.
4.
3.
3..02 
.46 
.00 
.65 
.49 
3.36 
2.84 
2.64 
2.57 
2.47 
1.90 
1.70
Tota I 1  542.97 73.01Tota I 1 235.18 66.34 5 819.21 63.13
EUR 10 2 115.52 100.00 EUR 10 1  864.30 100.00 9 215.26 100.00
Mul11-regIona I  projects have not been taken into account for the countries mentlonned above. 
3.4% in 1982, 2% in 1983 and 5.1% for the period 1975-1983 of support measures.They represent
M
I

MAP 3
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF ERDF ASSISTANCE IN 1983 
(IN MIO ECU)
0,11 =< x =< 1,30 
1,30 < x =< 7,00 
7,00 < x =< 20,00
©  C  D G  X V I
Chapter IV: Location of ERDF assistance 53

MAP 4
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF ERDF ASSISTANCE PER CAPITA IN 1983
(IN MIO ECU)
0,03 =< X =< 0,60
0,60 < X =< 5,00

4.2.1 Belgium
100. In Belgium, 80% of the aid granted want to investments in 
infrastructure, 16% to industrial investment projects and 4% to a study.
ERDF assistance to Belgium in the period 1975-1983 totalled 81.20 million 
ECU: 52% was granted for projects located in Flanders and 48% for projects 
located in Wallonia. For 1983, the figures were 69% for Flanders and 31% 
for Wallonia.
Fund assistance per head of population in 1983 was 1.1 ECU for Flanders 
and 0.9 ECU for Wallonia. For the period 1975-1983, the figures were 7 ECU 
for Flanders and 12 ECU for Wallonia.
101. IN FLANDERS, grants totalling 1.42 million ECU went to seven 
industrial projects spread over a number of branches of industry or 
services, helping to provide 164 jobs.
Almost 4.72 million ECU was allocated to infrastructure investment, 
comprising 29 road and sewerage projects located in the three Flemish 
development areas (2.89 million ECU), the extension of the domestic waste 
compost installation at Bilzen (1.46 million ECU) and the extension of two 
water sports centres, "De Spaanjerd" at Kinrooi and "Heerenlaak" at 
Maaseik (0.37 million ECU).
102. No industrial project for WALLONIA was submitted to the Fund in 
1983. As regards infrastructure investment, over 2.36 million ECU was 
granted for the restoration of four derelict industrial sites. The sites 
at Aubange, Marche-en-Famenne and Vielsam are intended for the setting up 
of small and medium-sized enterprises, while the site at Bastogne is to be 
used for the construction of a marketing hall and the installation of a 
cattle market.
Also, on 28 July the Commission decided to contribute 0.37 million ECU to 
the financing of a feasibility study concerning a programme to create new 
activities in the Liège region. This study also received a grant of the 
same amount in 1983 under the heading of preparatory studies for 
integrated operations.
4.2.2 Denmark
103. In Denmark, 85.4% of Fund assistance in 1983 was for infrastructure 
projects, 10.9% for a study and 3.7% for industrial investment projects.
All the infrastructure projects and the study were carried out in 
Greenland and all the industrial investment was undertaken in other 
regions in Denmark. Greenland therefore received 96.3% of total Fund 
assistance to Denmark in 1983. In the period 1975-1983, it received 80.4%.
GREENLAND
104. Three quarters of the 19.12 million ECU aid to infrastructure 
projects in Greenland was given to transport infrastructures, mainly for 
an airport and harbours. The largest grant, totalling 3.94 million ECU, 
was for the second stage of construction of the new airport at 
Jacobshaven. This brings the total amount of aid for the construction of 
the airport to 8.84 million ECU.
Electricity generation projects accounted for 17% of the infrastructure 
grants.
The study carried out in Greenland, which received 2.45 million ECU 
examines the possibility of using hydroelectric energy to supply local
Chapter IV: Location of ERDF assistance 55

communities. Since 1980, the ERDF has made grants of 4.95 million ECU for 
such studies in Greenland.
Fund assistance per head of population in 1983 was 423 ECU. This gave a 
total of 1 691 ECU for the period 1975-1983, which is the highest sum in 
the Community, taking all the regions into account.
OTHER REGIONS
105. In 1983, the Fund assisted only a few industrial projects. 36% of 
the 0.83 million ECU allocated to these projects went to investments in 
the food industry.
4.2.3 Federal Republic of Germany
106. In 1983 the bulk of assistance from the support measures section 
went to industrial and service sector projects (75.9%) while the remainder 
(24.1%) went to infrastructure projects and the preparation of a study.
A relatively large proportion (44.5%) of the volume of industrial project 
grants went to investment projects costing more than 10 million ECU each. 
There were seventeen such projects, which helped to create 3 389 new jobs. 
The remaining 55.5% went to 158 smaller projects with 6 568 new jobs. The 
main industries involved were the following: metal working, electrical 
engineering, rubber and plastic products, components for motor vehicles 
and food, drink and tobacco.
Infrastructure investment in 1983 related almost exclusively to the 
development or extension of industrial sites, road building, sewer 
systems, earthworks, electricity supply and drainage.
Supported projects were distributed over eight Lander: in the 1983 budget 
year, Bavaria received 22.1% of total Fund assistance to the Federal 
Republic of Germany, lower Saxony 21% and Saarland 12.7%. In the same 
year, Berlin and Bremen received no grants. It should be remembered, 
however, that an accurate picture of the distribution balance of Fund 
assistance can be obtained only by aggregating the assistance given to the 
various parts of the country in the period 1975-1983.
107. Fund grants to the Federal Republic of Germany over this period 
total more than 435 million ECU and are divided among all the Lander: 
Bavaria and Lower Saxony 21.4% each, Saarland 13.9%, Schleswig-Holstein 
13,6%, North Rhine - Nord-Westphalie 7,9%, Hesse 6,4%, Rhineland - 
Palatinat 6%, Berlin 5%, Baden-Wiirtemberg 3,9% et Breme 0,4%. Details are 
given below of the Fund's grants to the Federal Republic of Germany in 
1983 for the four regions which received most of the assistance over the 
period 1975-1983.
BAVARIA
108. Of the 9.69 million ECU granted for investment projects in Bavaria, 
67.7% were allocated to industrial projects. These include two projects 
costing more than 10 million ECU each in the metal working and food 
industries. Also, a number of small infrastructure projects (receiving 
some 32.3%) were financed in Bavaria; they relate to the development of 
industrial sites, the construction of water supply and sewage systems and 
the extension of a training centre.
LOWER SAXONY
109. In Lower Saxony industrial projects took a larger share than 
infrastructure projects: some 61% of the 9.22 million ECU assistance.
56 ERDF

The main projects financed were in the mechanical engineering, printing, 
metal working, food production and plastics industries. Infrastructure 
projects involved only the development or extension of industrial zones.
A first study for the Federal Republic of Germany, co-financed by the 
Commission, concerns a cross-border development plan for promoting 
tourism in Emsland and the province of Groningen (Netherlands).
SAARLAND
110. All the projects financed in 1983 were in industry. The major part 
of Fund grants totalling 5.5 million ECU went to three large projects in 
the motor vehicle, food, drink and tobacco and metal working industries. 
Projects in the chemical, electronics, mechanical engineering and plastic 
processing industries also received assistance.
SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN
111. Fund grants to Schleswig-Holstein in 1983 totalled 4.2 million ECU, 
devoted almost entirely to industrial projects in the mechanical 
engineering, tobacco and electronics industries. One of these investment 
projects cost more than 10 million ECU.
4.2.4 Greece
112. Nearly all the support measures grant to Greece in 1983 were for 
infrastructure investment (some 96.%). The remaining 3.2% went to 
investment projects in industry, craft industries and services and to the 
preparation of a study.
Total infrastructure grants involved 172 projects .  A proportion of 69.3% 
served to finance energy investment (construction of large power 
stations). A further 16.3% went to improving transport infrastructures 
(roads, harbours, railway networks, etc,...). The remainder went to 
telecommunications, water supply, sewerage and the establishment of four 
vocational training centres.
Grants to industrial, craft and service activities went mainly to the 
construction of hotels (23.6%) and to the food industry (12.6%). The rest 
is divided among various manufacturing industries. Fund-aided investment 
projects are expected to provide 1 864 new jobs.
Of the assistance granted in 1983, the highest percentage (71.3%) went to 
central and western Macedonia, compared with 38.8% for the period 
1981-1983; 11.8% of grant aid went to the Peloponnese and western mainland 
Greece, compared with 13.8% for the period 1981-1983. The rest is 
distributed among various other regions: Thessaly, Epirus, Crete, eastern 
Macedonia, eastern mainland Greece and islands, Thrace and eastern Aegan 
Islands. Central Macedonia ranks highest for Fund assistance per capita in 
1983, with some 151 ECU, compared with 33 ECU for the Peloponnese and 
western mainland Greece and 26 ECU for Epirus.
EASTERN MAINLAND GREECE AND ISLANDS
113. Fund grants totalled 7.30 million ECU for 1983 and were given 
exclusively for infrastructure projects, notably work on the construction 
and improvement of primary road networks and secondary and local roads, 
the modernization of the Inoi-Chalkis railway line and infrastructure 
works in the Lamia industrial estate.
CENTRAL AND WESTERN MACEDONIA
I
114. In 1983, this region received over two thirds of total Fund
Chapter IV: Location of ERDF assistance 57

assistance to Greece (253.44 million ECU) for the construction of power 
stations in the prefectures of Kozani and Imathia. These lignite-fired 
power stations will supply electricity for the whole country not only for 
the region itself. The ERDF also gave grants for the construction and 
extension of water supply and sewerage networks, and for work to create 
infrastructures in the industrial estates of Kilkis and Fiorina. It also 
financed work to improve the Thessaloniki-Idomeni railway line.
In the three years that the ERDF has been making grants for projects in 
Greece, this is the region which has received most assistance (some 322 
million ECU).
THE PELOPONNESE AND WESTERN MAINLAND GREECE
115. In 1983, grant aid to this region totalled 42.17 million ECU, 95% of 
which was for the construction and improvement of primary road networks 
and secondary and local roads, water supply and sewerage networks, and the 
establishment of a technical control centre for vehicles. These grants 
include investments in infrastructure in the industrial estate of Tripoli 
and the last section of the Patras-Pyrgos- Olympia national road. The 
first section had already been Fund-aided in earlier years. The activities 
financed in this region are primarily in the manufacturing industries 
which process the raw materials produced in the region.
THESSALY
116. Grant aid to this region totalled 15.91 million ECU in 1983. The 
bulk of this amount was for investments in infrastructure (87.4%), notably 
the modernization of the telecommunications network, the construction of 
Larisa sewerage network and the improvement of roads. Industrial 
investments (12.6%) related to the construction of hotels and 
manufacturing facilities.
EASTERN MACEDONIA, CRETE, EPIRUS, THRACE, EASTERN AEGEAN ISLANDS 
IENTALE
117. In 1983, grant aid to these regions totalled 36.62 million ECU
(10.3%). It was allocated primarily to infrastructure investment in 
various fields: modernization of telecommunications networks (Crete,
Epirus, works on the industrial estates of Drama, Serres and Ioannina, the 
establishment of vocational training centres at Rhodes, Kavala and 
Ioannina, the construction of a technical control centre for vehicles at 
Iraklio (Crete), and works on the construction and improvement of roads, 
water supply and sewerage networks, and in various harbours. A new 
cultural centre at Khania (Crete) was also Fund-aided. Grants for 
industrial, craft and service activities (16.7% of the total grants to 
these regions) were given for the construction of seven hotels and for 
manufacturing industry.
4.2.5 France
118. In France, 89% of Fund assistance went to investments in 
infrastructure and 11% to industrial, craft and service projects.
Energy infrastructures received 43% of the grants for infrastructure 
projects, transport infrastructures 33% and telecommunications 
infrastructures 22%; the rest went mainly to vocational training 
infrastructures.
In industry, 22% of assistance went to electrical and electronic 
engineering, helping to provide 2 896 jobs. 18% went to investment in the 
mechanical engineering industry creating 2 052 jobs. The food, drinks and 
tobacco industry received 10% of Fund assistance to productive
58 ERDF

industries, helping to provide 1 829 jobs. The remainder of the Fund 
grants were spread over a large number of other industries.
The Midi-Pyrénées region received the highest proportion of Fund 
assistance to France in 1983, namely 19% (11% for the period 1975-1983). 
The other regions which received substantial proportions were Réunion 
(14%), Brittany (10%), Guadeloup, the Loire region and Languedoc- 
Roussillon (6% each).
The overseas departments rank first in terms of assistance per head of 
population, with French Guiana, Réunion, Guadeloupe and Martinique 
receiving 88 ECU, 81 ECU, 43 ECU and 29 ECU respectively.
119. Details of Fund assistance to France are given for the following 
selected regions:
• the priority regions: overseas departments
• the main regions covered by specific Community measures: the three 
South-West regions, Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Lorraine
• Brittany, which received the highest proportion of Fund assistance over 
the period 1975-1983
• Corsica, which has special regional development problems.
THE OVERSEAS DEPARTMENTS
120. The four overseas departments, which are among the Community's 
priority regions, received Fund grants of 71.56 million ECU in 1983, i.e. 
a quarter of the total for France. These amounts were allocated in their 
entirety to investments in infrastructure. Total assistance for the 
period 1975-1983 was 282.66 million ECU, i.e. one fifth of the total for 
France: 5% of these grants were for industrial projects.
Assistance per head of population was 57 ECU in 1983 and for the period 
1975-1983 it was 227 ECU.
The project which received the largest grant in 1983 was the Takamaka II 
hydroelectric scheme (Saint-Benoît, Réunion) being carried out by 
Electricité de France (EDF). This consists in harnessing a 332 metre fall 
on the Marsouins river upstream from the existing Takamaka I installation. 
A Fund grant of 34.32 million ECU was given to this investment, which will 
go some way towards meeting the increased demand for electricity in 
Réunion by exploiting the island's natural resources and reducing its 
dependence on imported energy.
In French Guiana, the ERDF made a grant of 3.89 million ECU for road 
infrastructure projects. The road programme is of particular importance 
for the development of this department which needs primary infrastructure 
and in particular a road system capable of handling regular heavy traffic. 
A particularly interesting project is the EDF experiment at Fort de France 
(Martinique) in the use of solar energy to provide air conditioning for 
administrative buildings at Ste Thérèse. The results of this experiment 
will enable the system to be brought into general use in regions enjoying 
many hours of sunshine, so that local industry can be developed. The ERDF 
has made a grant of 0.29 million ECU for this experiment
In Guadeloupe, the ERDF has made a grant of 5.53 million ECU for the 
extension of the St Martin power station. Because the island is an 
international tourist centre and its energy needs are increasing by some 
16% a year, it was essential to increase generating capacity by the 
installation of two additional 3 000 kW diesel generating sets.
THE SOUTH-WEST (AQUITAINE, MIDI-PYRÉNÉES AND LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON)
121. Grants to this group of three regions totalled 84.42 million ECU in
Chapter IV: Location of ERDF assistance 59

1983, i.e. 29% of the total for France. For the period 1975-1983, 
assistance granted was 21% of the total for France. 91% went to 
investments in infrastructure in 1983; for the period 1975-1983, the 
figure was 85%.
Fund assistance per head of population was 12 ECU in 1983 and 43 ECU for 
the period 1975-1983.
As in earlier years, the ERDF helped to finance road programmes in the 
South-West, providing grants totalling 24.85 million ECU.
The project which received the largest grant in 1983 (19.15 million ECU) 
was the Ferrières (Ariège) hydroelectric scheme.
Investment in telephone equipment received grants totalling 24.08 million 
ECU in 1983. These investments included the programme for setting up 450 
public telephone boxes in the departments of Ariège (80) and Haute Garonne 
(370) for which a grant of 0.56 million ECU was given.
The South-West as a whole is covered by the specific Community 
"enlargement" measures, while the departments of Ariège and Tarn in the 
Midi-Pyrénées region and Gard in the Languedoc-Roussillon region will 
from 1984 be covered by the specific "textile areas" measure.
NORD-PAS-DE-CALAIS
122. In 1983, grants to Nord-Pas-de-Calais totalled 4.17 million ECU or 
1.5% of the total for France. 83% was for infrastructure projects and 17% 
for industrial projects.
For the period 1975-1983, Nord-Pas-de-Calais received grants of 84.36 
million ECU, i.e. 6% of the total for France, 85% of which went to 
industrial projects. Fund assistance per head of population was 1 ECU in 
1983; for the period 1975-1983 it was 21 ECU.
The ERDF contributed to the financing of range of road investment projects 
in the region, notably the mining bypass and the Douai bypass, the grants 
for these schemes totalled 3.40 million ECU.
The many Fund-aided productive investments include the establishment by 
Aquitaine Technic of an automation and robotics workshop. This is in 
response to the regional authorities' wish to develop robotics capacity 
particularly in the mining areas. The investment, which will provide 90 
new jobs, received a grant of 0.09 million ECU.
From 1984, the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region will have the specific Community 
"steel areas" measures applied to it. The department of Pas-de-Calais and 
the areas covered by a system of regional aid in the department of Nord 
and, in the same department, the Lille district textile areas will benefit 
from the specific "textile areas" measure.
LORRAINE
123. In 1983, grants to Lorraine amounted to 7.97 million ECU, 2% of the
total for France: 67% was for infrastructure projects and 33% for
industrial projects. For the period 1975-1983, Lorraine received 69.23 
million ECU, 4% of the total for France; 30% was for infrastructure 
investment and 70%, an extremely high proportion, for industrial 
investment.
Per head of population, ERDF assistance was 3.5 ECU in 1983; for the 
period 1975-1983, it was 30 ECU.
The ERDF contributed 5.26 million ECU to the financing of the 1983 portion 
of road investments under the Lorraine road programme, the Vosges plan and 
the steel plan.
60 ERDF

A grant of 0.14 million ECU was made for three buildings to house six 
vocational training sections for adults, two of them located at Thionville 
and one at Epinal.
The numerous Fund-aided industrial projects include the new Texet factory 
in the Vosges for the assembly and control of discrete semiconductors; 
this investment, which will create 300 jobs, received a grant of 0.33 
million ECU.
From 1984 the departments of Moselle and Meurthe-et-Moselle will benefit 
from the specific Community measures for steel areas and the department of 
Vosges from specific Community action for textiles areas.
BRITTANY
124. In 1983, grants to Brittany amounted to 29.48 million ECU, 10% of 
the total for France: 85% was for infrastructure projects and 15% for 
industrial projects.
For the period 1975-1983, Brittany received 236.81 million ECU, 17% of the 
total for France, 91% of which went to infrastructure projects and 9% to 
industrial projects.
ERDF assistance per head of population was 11 ECU in 1983 and 88 ECU for 
the period 1975-1983.
In addition to a 13.29 million ECU grant for the road plan for Brittany 
which the ERDF has been cofinancing since 1975, the ERDF in 1983 provided 
substantial financial assistance for the development and modernization of 
the Brittany telephone network. The ERDF contribution to various 
investments in this field amounted to 11.93 million ECU.
The Industrial projects include the construction of a new Canon factory 
for the manufacture of photocopiers at Lille (Ille-et-Vilaine).  This 
investment, which received 0.43 million ECU, will create 171 jobs.
CORSICA
125. In 1983 grants to Corsica amounted to 2.80 million ECU, 1% of the 
total for France, 82% of which went to infrastructure projects and 18?6 to 
industrial projects. For the period 1975-1983, Corsica received 47.70 
million ECU, 3% of the total for France; 98% was for infrastructure 
investment.
ERDF assistance per head of population was 12 ECU in 1983 and 200 for the 
period 1975-1983.
The Fund made a grant of 0.43 million ECU to S.A. Corse Composites 
Aéronautiques, which has built a new factory in Ajaccio for the 
manufacture of laminated composite components for use in aviation. This 
investment will create 105 jobs.
Fund-aided infrastructures in Corsica include the construction of a new 
quay landing in the port of Ajaccio, which received a grant of 0.06 
million ECU. This facility is essential for the handling of roll-on 
roll-off traffic, from the new car ferries in particular. It wil also be 
able to receive cruise ships with a draught of 8 metres.
4.2.6 Ireland
126. Of the 102.2 million ECU in support measure grants which were 
provided in 1983, 76% was for infrastructure projects and 24% for 
industry, service and craft projects.
Chapter IV: Location of ERDF assistance 61

The Fund aid granted to Ireland in 1983 brings the total granted to that  
Member State since 1975 to 554.32 million ECU, split 72% - 28% as between  
infrastructure and industry, service and projects. Over this period a  
small amount, 0.65 million ECU, has been devoted to studies. The aid per  
head of population in Ireland for 1983 was just under 30 ECU, bringing the  
total over 1975-1983 to 161 ECU per head.
Of the aid granted to infrastructure projects the major share (48%) was  
accounted for by transport infrastructure. Water infrastructure and  
telecommunications accounted for the balance at 31% and 21% respectively.
On the transport side the most significant project was the electrification  
of the Bray-Howth suburban railway line, which received 7.95 million ECU.  
Total aid granted to this particular project is now 15.49 million ECU.
In the telecommunications field the Fund continued to support the  
modernization and development of the Irish telecommunications network  
with a grant of 16.44 million ECU. The grants to water infrastructure went  
to 21 water supply and sewerage schemes throughout the country.
On the industry, service and handicraft front the main emphasis was on new  
technology based industry with the following firms receiving major  
grants: Storage Technology Ltd Finglas Co in Dublin, 5.25 million ECU for  
the creation of 1 200 jobs and Atari (Ireland) Ltd, Limerick, 2.82 million  
ECU for the creation of 600 jobs.
In addition to these major projects some 18 industrial investment projects  
throughout Ireland received a total of 10.58 million ECU aid, leading to  
the creation of 3 537 jobs.
Ireland also received aid under the specific Community measure  
contributing to the improvement of the economic and social situation in  
the border areas of Ireland and Northern Ireland. A total of 4.35 million  
ECU was granted in 1983 in respect of the Irish programme for the  
implementation of this measure.
4.2.7 Italy
127 In 1983, the ERDF helped to finance 1 035 projects in Italy. Grants  
totalled 818.93 million ECU, 93.8% of which was for infrastructure  
projects and 6.2% for industrial projects. Between 1975 and 1983, Italy  
received 3 546.98 million ECU in grants for 8 008 projects, involving  
total investment of some 19 519.68 million ECU.
The grants made in 1983 can be broken down as follows:
• supply of natural gas - 256.32 million ECU
• water - 179.75 million ECU
• production infrastructures in areas affected by the earthquake of  
November 1980 - 130.86 million ECU
• infrastructures linked to transport, the development of tourism,  
industrial estates, the cleaning up of the Bay of Naples, sewerage  
networks, electricity distribution, etc,... - 250.98 million ECU
Grants to industry assisted 190 projects and helped to provide 5 160 jobs.
FUND ASSISTANCE IN THE AREAS AFFECTED BY THE EARTHQUAKE (BASILICATA AND  
CAMPANIA)
62ERDF

128. The November 1980 earthquake seriously affected the economy of  
Basilicata and Campania. Many firms suffered damage and hundreds of small  
firms virtually ceased operating.
After the main basic infrastructures had been repaired or rebuilt and  
people had returned to their towns and villages, the measures to restore  
normal economic and social life in these areas were directed at  
establishing the structures necessary for production activities. The  
decision was thus taken to create twenty industrial estates in order to  
make the population affected by the earthquake stay and, as far as  
possible, provide jobs for the population coming back to settle in the  
region. The ERDF realizes that implementation of the industrial  
development plan in the earthquake-stricken areas is urgent and must be  
treated as a priority: it is therefore contributing to the development of  
seven industrial estates in Basilicata (S. Polito, Baragiano, S. Nicola,  
di Melfi, Viaggiano, S. Angelo, Attela, Tito) and thirteen in Campania  
(Porrara, Morra, Calagio, Conza, Calitri, S. Mango, Oliveto, Citra, Lioni 
Nusco S. Angelo Lombardi, Contursi, Calabritto, Palmonte, Nerico).  These  
will cater for the areas most seriously affected by the earthquake and the  
most disadvantaged geographically. The industrial estates in question  
should provide facilities for some 200 small and medium-sized enterprises  
which, it is envisaged, will provide almost 13 000 jobs.
Because of the concessions available to firms under present legislation 
over 500 applications have been received by the competent national  
authorities. This makes it necessary for work to begin rapidly and also  
guarantees that maximum use will be made of the infrastructures created in  
these estates. ERDF assistance, at the maximum rate of 40% was 133.13  
million ECU. To that must be added the 2.85 million ECU grant under the  
first measure relating to industrial production in the affected part of  
Basilicata.
FUND ASSISTANCE FOR SUPPLYING THE MEZZ0GI0RN0 WITH NATURAL GAS
129. The supply of natural gas is the biggest energy project in the  
Mezzogiorno.
This project involves the construction of an infrastructure network for  
the transportation, storage and distribution of natural gas imported from  
Algeria. It will make for greater efficiency in energy use in the  
Mezzogiorno and encourage the establishment of production activities.
In 1983, grants of 28.08 million ECU were made for the main transportation  
pipeline and the large distribution pipelines, in addition to the grants  
of 205.88 million ECU made since 1979.
The ERDF provided assistance for the distribution network and branch  
pipes, for the first time in 1983, making grants totalling 227.70 million  
ECU. A population of 1.2 million will be served by these measures.
ERDF ASSISTANCE FOR IMPROVING WATER DISTRIBUTION IN THE MEZZOGIORNO
130. The ERDF has always attached the greatest importance to the question  
of water supply in the Mezzogiorno and has treated it as a priority, since  
64% of the population in the south of the country suffers from very low  
supplies of water for almost the whole year.
In 1983, the ERDF made grants of over 181.87 million ECU to water supply  
projects: reservoirs, aqueducts and distribution networks.
GRANTS BY REGION
MARCHES
131. In 1983, grants to Marches accounted for 1% of Fund grants to Italy.
Chapter IV: Location of ERDF assistance63

A total of 7.93 million ECU was made avilable for 29 projects, with 5.9  
million ECU (74.4%) going to industrial ventures and 2 million ECU (25.6%)  
to infrastructure projects.
In this region the ERDF is able to assist in certain fields only, which  
explains why the aid granted is very low.
Fund-assisted industrial activities include the manufacture of handbags  
and leather goods, stainless steel cutlery, crockery and kitchen  
ustensils and machinery for producing steel-wire cables.
Infrastructure projects include natural gas supply and distribution  
pipelines, and water supply schemes in the commune of Ascoli-Piceno.
TUSCANY
132. In 1983, grants to Tuscany accounted for 1.4% of Fund grants to  
Italy. A total of 11.8 million ECU was make available for five  
infrastructure projects.
Only the islands of Tuscany are eligible for Fund assistance which  
explains why the number of projects submitted and accepted is small.
Nevertheless, the ERDF examined an application concerning the laying of an  
undersea pipeline to supply the island of Elba with drinking water (cost  
of the project: 11.1 million ECU).
The project is of great importance because it will help to solve the  
problem of the distinctly inadequate water supply, particularly in the  
summer, which has held back the expansion of tourism, the island's main  
economic asset.
The ERDF also helped to finance four other infrastructure projects in the  
region, making grants totalling 0.73 million ECU.
LAZIO
133. In 1983, grants to Lazio accounted for 4% of Fund grants to Italy.
A total of 32.4 million ECU was made available for 140 projects, with 4.8  
million ECU (14.7%) going to industrial ventures and 27.6 million ECU  
(85.3%) to infrastructure projects.
Nineteen industrial projects were approved, in areas such as the chemicals  
and pharmaceuticals industry, mechanical engineering and wood sculpture.
Infrastructure projects include the financing of a building complex  
comprising a cultural centre, exhibition halls and a theatre. This  
represents a substantial contribution by the Fund to the cultural  
development of Latina province, for which numerous industrial and  
infrastructure grants have already been approved. The new centre will  
provide cultural facilities to the local population, notably those who  
prefer to live some distance from their place of work - Rome - but who  
still need a cultural environment.
MOLISE
134. In 1983, grants to Molise accountd for 2.5% of Fund grants to Italy.  
A total of 20.43 million ECU was made available for 36 infrastructure  
projects.
The largest projects financed by the ERDF were the construction of a dam  
on the Trigno and two connecting pipelines with the natural gas  
distribution network.
These three projects alone accounted for 94% of the grants made to Molise  
in 1983.
64 ERDF

CAMPANIA
135. In 1983, grants to Campania accounted for 35.6% of Fund grants to  
Italy.
A total of 291.5 million ECU was made available for 209 projects, with  
10.7 million ECU (3.7%) going to industrial ventures and 280.8 million ECU  
(96.3%) to infrastructure projects.
The fact that aid went almost entirely to infrastructures in this region  
can be explained by the large grants made following the 1980 earthquake.
In 1983, the ERDF inter alia provided finance for the establishment of  
thirteen industrial estates and seven natural gas distribution projects.
Industrial projects included an investment of over 30.55 million ECU for  
glass manufacture. A further 33 smaller projects were assisted.
ABRUZZI
136. In 1983, grants to Abruzzi accounted for 4.7% of Fund grants to  
Italy.
A total of 38.8 million ECU was made available for 109 projects, with 14.1  
million ECU (36.5%) going to industrial ventures and 24.61 million ECU  
(63.5%) to infrastructure projects.
One of the largest projects financed in this region was the extension of  
the Fiat factory at Sulmona, in Aquila province (over 32 million ECU);  
grants were also made to 44 other smaller industrial projects.
BASILICATA
137. In 1983, grants to Basilicata accounted for 11% of Fund grants to  
Italy. A total of 89.72 million ECU was made available for 150 projects  
with 4.32 million ECU (4.8%) going to industrial ventures and 85.4 million  
ECU (95.2%) to infrastructure projects.
The industrial ventures included an investment costing more than 10  
million ECU concerning confectioner's products. Fund-aided infrastructure  
projects included the establishment of seven industrial estates costing a  
total of 39.72 million ECU and 23 projects relating to the distribution of  
natural gas.
The Commission also helped to finance:
• the first section of work to develop the Pollino area, notably the  
renovation of the tourist districts of Maratea.
• work to increase the now inadequate capacity of the Basento aqueduct,  
built in the 1983s
• the equiping of two sites for the development of craft activities:  
these activities are one of the priorities of the regional development  
programme so that ideal conditions can be created for the establishment  
of new activities and the provision of new jobs.
APULIA
138. In 1983, grants to Apulia accounted for 9.9% of Fund grants to  
Italy.
A total of 81 million ECU was made available for 102 projects with 2  
million ECU (2.5%) going to industrial ventures and 79 million ECU (97.5%)  
to infrastructure projects.
Chapter IV: Location of ERDF assistance 65

In this region too, grants to infrastructure projects accounted for  
virtually the whole amount of assistance.
One project in particular stands out: the construction of a dam- reservoir  
on the Celone river for industrial and agricultural use. Eight grant  
applications for natural gas distribution projects were also approved.  
The 44 Fund-aided projects received grants totalling 58.20 million ECU.
SICILY
139. In 1983, grants to Sicily accounted for 10.1% of Fund grants to
Italy. A total of 83.13 million ECU was made available for 66 projects
with 2.52 million ECU (3%) going to industrial ventures and 80.61 million  
ECU (97%) to infrastructure projects.
Five projects received a grant of more than 10 million ECU involving water  
supply schemes in Enna province and the Belice valley, the modernization  
and improvement of the coast, the industrial estate of Syracuse and the  
improvement of port installations at Pozzallo-Syracuse.
CALABRIA
140. In 1983, grants to Calabria accounted for 13% of Fund grants to
Italy. A total of 106.3 million ECU was made available for 51 projects
with 3.9 million ECU (3.6%) going to industrial ventures and 102.4 million  
ECU (96.4%) to infrastructure projects.
The largest infrastructure projects included two dams, one on the Menta  
and the other on the Melito, and the link-up of works with the Alto Esaro  
reservoir, which is the centre of an integrated network providing 15  
tourist centres with drinking water and supplying the industrial estate of  
Caramarato.
The small infrastructure projects include the financing of two research  
centres, one at Reggio di Calabria (an experimental centre for research  
into fruit-derived essences and products) and the other at Rende, in the  
field of computer technology.
SARDINIA
141. In 1983, grants to Sardinia accounted for 3.4% of Fund grants to  
Italy. A total of 27.9 million ECU was made available for 133 projects,  
with 2.8 million ECU (10,1%) going to industrial ventures and 25.1 million  
ECU (89.9%) to infrastructure projects.
Of the 133 projects financed in Sardinia, only one received a grant of  
more than 10 million ECU. This project involved the construction of two  
outlets from the Alto Terno reservoir, so that water could be supplied to  
Alghero (a town wich depends on tourism and at present has public hygiene  
and sanitation problems because of the inadequate supply of drinking  
water) and to several seaside resorts in Nuoro province, recently  
developed for tourist purposes (30 000 inhabitants).
The larger infrastructure projects costing less than 10 million ECU each  
include:
• the financing of the Villanovaforru archaeological park, museum and  
laboratory and of a prehistoric site in Cagliari province. The  
archaeological park contains the Genna Maria "Nuraghe" which form an  
enclave in a small village dating from the same period as the traces  
found of weapons and miscellaneous objects, including several very  
typical "geometric" ceramics and pots
• the financing of the new Cagliari harbour station which handles 700 000  
travellers a year.
66 ERDF

4.2.8 Netherlands
142. In the Netherlands, 94% of Fund assistance was for infrastructure  
investment and 6% for industrial investment. A grant of 0.07 million ECU  
was made towards a study on the preparation of a cross-border programme  
for developing tourism.
Three industrial projects in the North of the country received a grant of  
1.08 million ECU; they helped to provide 70 jobs.
Eleven infrastructure projects received grants totalling 18.98 million  
ECU; two thirds of this amount was for seven investments in the North and  
one third for four investments in Limburg province.
Fund assistance per head of population in 1983 was 8.8 ECU for the North  
of the country and 5.9 ECU for Limburg. For the period 1975-1983, the  
figures are 52 ECU for the North and 35 ECU for Limburg.
143. In the NORTH OF THE COUNTRY, the largest grant - 5.92 million ECU -  
was made for the extension of the Julianahaven quay at Eemshaven. A grant  
of 2.60 million ECU went to the extension of the fishing port at  
Lauwersoog.
Assistance to other investments included a 2.39 million ECU grant for  
enlarging the Hoogevensche Vaart canal, and a grant of 1.29 million ECU  
for work to improve and reconstruct Pekelerhoofddiep and  
Termunterzijldiep for pleasure boats.
/144. In LIMBURG the Fund co-financed four infrastructure investment  
projects: the Zwart 6 (2.20 million ECU) and Rood 18 (0.94 million ECU)  
road works at Heerlen, the construction of the second part of the  
Urmonderbaan-Bergerwegsection (1.62 million ECU) at Sittard and the  
construction of the Landgrafftunnel (1.54 million ECU) at Geelen.
4.2.9 United Kingdom
145. In the United Kingdom 83% of Fund grants in 1983 went to  
infrastructure projects, 16.5% to industry, craft industry and service  
projects and the remaining 0.5% to studies. Despite the small percentage  
for studies there has been an important increase in such aid: in 1983 2.56  
million ECU were granted to 22 studies whereas for the whole period  
1975-1982 only 6 studies received 0.37 million ECU from the Fund.
Nearly half of the aid to infrastructure projects was for transport  
infrastructures (road, railway, harbour, canal, airport and urban  
transport investments), one quarter went to water infrastructures (water  
supply, sewers, etc,...) with the remainder going mainly to  
telecommunication and energy infrastructure projects.
Of the aid to industry about 25% went to companies in electrical  
engineering contributing to the creation of more than 5 500 jobs. About  
10% went to each of the following sectors: paper industry and  
food/drink/tobacco industry, the remainder was spread over a large range  
of other industries.
Nearly one third of total ERDF aid to the United Kingdom in 1983 went to  
Scotland, whereas in the period 1975-1982 26% of the Fund allocations went  
to Scotland. The English regions received 42% of the aid in 1983 - a  
slight decrease as compared with the period 1975-1982, whereas Wales had a  
small increase from 1 7 % to 18%. Northern Ireland received 8% in 1983 as  
compared with 12% over the period 1975-1982. In terms of ERDF aid per  
head of population in 1983, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are the  
highest ranking with 29 ECU, 28 ECU and 25 ECU respectively.
Chapter IV: Location of ERDF assistance 67

NORTH
146. In 1983, support measure grants to the North totalled 57.41 million  
ECU of which 4.3% was given to investments in industry, 94.8% to  
investments in infrastructure and 0.9% to studies. This brings the total  
aid for the period 1975-1983 to 410.57 million ECU of which 31.3% went to  
investments in industry, 68.6% to investments in infrastructure and 0.1%  
to studies.
Assistance per head of population in the assisted areas in the North was  
19 ECU, which brings total aid per head to 132 ECU for the period  
1975-1983.
An amount of 3.15 million ECU was granted to the Tyne and Wear Metro in  
1983, bringing the total contribution from the Fund to this scheme to  
15.57 million ECU. A new protective breakwater at Amble-by-the-Sea in  
Northumberland received 2.97 million ECU in aid. A grant of 5.25 million  
ECU went to a group of small investments in infrastructure in County  
Durham (roads, harbour works, water supplies, sewage disposal and  
telecommunication works). But servicing facilities in Tyne and Wear and  
new sorting equipment at Newcastle Mechanized Letter Office also received  
aid from the Fund in 1983.
The 2.45 million ECU in aid to investments in industry went to eight  
projects through which 404 new jobs should be created and 324 maintained.
Studies concerning the evaluation of an industrial park in Cumbria and on  
the development of a five year programme for the economic regeneration of  
Shildon were also granted aid from the Fund.
In the Northern region the counties of Cleveland and Tyne and Wear are  
covered by the specific Community measures for shipbuilding areas. The  
counties of Cleveland and Durham (including those parts of the  
travel-to-work area of Consett which are situated in the counties of  
Northumberland and Tyne and Wear) are covered by the specific Community  
measures for steel areas. The travel-to-work area of Workington in the  
County is also covered by these measures.
NORTH WEST
147. In 1983, support measures grants to the North West totalled 73.52  
million ECU with 13% going to investments in industry and 87% to  
investments in infrastructure.
This brings total aid for the period 1975-1983 to 243.70 million ECU of  
which 23% went to investments in industry and 77% to investments in  
infrastructure.
Assistance per head of population in the assisted areas in the North West  
was 11 ECU which brings total aid per head to 38 ECU for the period  
1975-1983.
A key development for tourism in Merseyside is the Maritime Museum and  
Maritime Complex and a contribution of 3.15 million ECU has been given for  
the refurbishing, equipping and modernization of one of the Albert Dock  
Warehouses in Liverpool.
Aid of 11.54 million ECU and 5.60 million ECU was provided for two  
infrastructure investments packages: the projects include new digital  
telephone equipment, the construction of a new ferry terminal in Liverpool  
docks, new and improved sewerage and gas services and road construction in  
Merseyside, the construction of a waste disposal plant and improvement  
works at both Liverpool Docks and Airport.
An amount of 2.10 million ECU was granted to Chloride Industrial Batteries  
Ltd for the installation of additional manufacturing capacity and works
68 ERDF

restructuring at Bolton and Swinton. This investment will safeguard some  
634 existing jobs in the area.
In the North Vest, the County of Merseyside is covered by the specific  
Community measures for shipbuilding areas, and in the Counties of  
Lancashire and Greater Manchester, thirteen travel-to-work areas are  
covered by the textile area measures.
WALES
148. In 1983, support measure grants to Wales totalled 82.43 million ECU  
with 27.2% going to investments in industry, 71.7% to investments and 1.1%  
to studies.
This brings total aid for the period 1975-1983 to 336.11 million ECU of  
which 23.3% went to investments in industry, 76.4% to investments in  
infrastructure and 0.3% to studies.
Assistance per head of population in the assisted areas in Wales was 29  
ECU which brings total aid per head to 120 ECU for the period 1975-1983.
In Clwyd, United Paper Mills' major new pulp and newsprint plant, with a  
planned capacity of 180 000 tonnes per year of high quality newsprint, was  
given assistance of 5.60 million ECU. At full production some 279 persons  
will be employed with a further 850 jobs arising in supply and ancillary  
activities.
Seven million ECU was provided for the construction of liquefied natural  
gas storage facilities. This investment will form an element of the  
transmission pipeline serving industrial South Wales.
Aid of 7.35 million ECU and 12.59 million ECU was provided for two  
infrastructure investment packages for the development of technologically  
advanced telecommunications systems in Cardiff and Swansea and for road,  
water abstraction and gas storage works in South and West Wales.
Sporting, conference and entertainment facilities for Swansea's expanding  
tourism and business traffic were assisted by a contribution of 4.72 
million ECU for the Swansea Grand Theatre and Arts Complex.
In Wales, all or parts of the Counties of Gwent, Clwyd, Dyfed and South, 
Mid and West Glamorgan are covered by the specific Community measures for  
steel areas.
SCOTLAND
149. In 1983, support measure grants to Scotland totalled 145.51 million  
ECU with 20.9% going to investments in industry, 79% to investments in  
infrastructure and 0.1% to studies.
This brings total aid for the period 1975-1983 to 588.93 million ECU of 
which 21% went to investments in industry and 79% to investments in 
infrastructure.
Assistance per head of population in the assisted areas in Scotland was 28 
ECU, which brings total aid per head to 115 ECU for the period 1975-83.
The largest single contribution to Scotland in 1983 was 19.59 million EOT  
made to the National Exhibition Centre at Queens Dock, Glasgow. This  
centre will provide a much needed facility for the promotion of Scottish  
trade and industry which is handicapped in this respect by the inadequacy  
of existing exhibition resources. Because of its particular importance  
for the development of the area it received the highest aid rate (40%).
An amount of 9.44 million ECU was allocated to a second electricity  
generating station at Lerwick, Shetland Isles. This investment had  
already benefited from a Fund grant of 7.52 million ECU in 1981.
Chapter IV: Location of ERDF assistance 69

Amongst the smaller projects 1.05 million ECU was granted to the  
modernization of a swimming pool at Inverness and to the construction of a  
tourist information centre and cinema at Fort William.
In industry, Sinclair Research Ltd, at Dundee, received aid of 1.92  
million ECU for a project to mass produce flat cathode ray tube and  
miniature TV sets. Initially the project will create some 1 000 jobs;  
however, the maximum number of jobs arising from the project could be as  
high as 1 500.
In Nigg, the Brown & Root Society - Wimpy Highlands Fabrications Ltd  
received a grant of 1.57 million ECU to restructure its existing  
production facilities to enable the production of smaller oil and gas  
production platforms and modules. As a result of this investment 2 100  
jobs will be safeguarded.
In Scotland, Strathclyde is covered by the specific Community measures to  
assist steel and shipbuilding areas. Tayside is covered by the textile 
area measures.
NORTHERN IRELAND
150. Support measures grants to projects in Northern Irelnd amounted to  
38.37 million ECU of which 34.17 million ECU (89%) was devoted to  
infrastructure projects and 4.04 million ECU (10.5%) to industrial,  
service and craft industry projects. The remaining 0.16 million ECU was  
devoted to financing studies.
These amounts bring the total support measure aid granted to Northern  
Ireland since 1975 to 261.97 million ECU of which 65.6% went to  
infrastructure projects, 34.3% to industry projects and 0.1% to studies.
The 1983 figures represent a shift towards infrastructure projects and  
reflect a fall-off in investment in large industrial projects in the  
region. Equally, the aid granted per head in 1983, at 24.7 ECU is down on  
the 1982 figure (26.8 ECU). Overall, since 1975 Fund aid per head of  
population in the region is 168.5 ECU.
In 1983, infrastructure grants to telecommunication development projects  
amounted to 6.24 million ECU. A grant of 2.34 million ECU was made for a  
major extension to sewage disposal works at Lisburn, Co. Antrim. Also  
noteworthy is a grant of 1.40 million ECU made to assist in the  
development of the subsidiary operational runaway at Belfast Airport.
On the industry side, the 4.04 million ECU in aid was granted to a wide  
variety of projects (31 in all) throughout the region, contributing to the  
creation of 1 140 jobs and the maintenance of 900 others.
In this category, the most important grant was one of 0.98 million ECU to  
Richardson Fertilizers Ltd of Belfast in respect of a project to conserve 
energy in the manufacture of fertilizers and upgrade machinery and plant.
Northern Ireland also receives aid under the specific Community measures 
to assist shipbuilding areas and cross-border areas. In addition, special  
aid is granted to the region under the exceptional measure to promote  
urban renewal in Belfast.
YORKSHIRE AND HUMBERSIDE, EAST MIDLANDS, WEST MIDLANDS ET SOUTH WEST
151. These four remaining regions received a total of 61.15 million ECU  
from the Fund in 1983 of which 94.0% was given to investments in  
infrastructure ,  5.2% to investments in industry and 0.8% to studies. The  
aid per head of population in 1983 was between 1 and 6 ECU in these  
regions.
In Yorkshire and Humberside the construction of a new Sea Outfall at  
Grimsby was assisted by some 1.92 million ECU.
70 ERDF

East Midlands received a contribution of 0.21 million ECU towards a  
feasibility study on the financial viability of establishing the  
"Wonderworld Themepark and Related Industries Development" at Corby. The  
Corby area also received 5.07 million ECU for various infrastructure  
schemes. In the same area five investments in industry by which 728 jobs  
should be created received 1.92 million ECU in aid from the Fund.
The West Midlands area received 6.65 million ECU in respect of a global  
application concerning industrial estate works, a new "park and ride"  
railway station and provision of telecommunication services.
Torbay, in the South West region benefited from aid of 1.71 million ECU to  
the Rosetor Conference Centre - a multipurpose facility which will cater  
also for exhibition and tourism leisure purposes.
In Yorkshire and Humberside, the following areas are covered by the  
specific Community measures to assist steel areas: the County of  
Humberside (including those parts of the travel-to-work area of  
Scunthorpe which are situated in the County of Lincolnshire) and the  
County of South Yorkshire (including the travel-to-work area of  
Sheffield). In the County of West Yorkshire the travel-to-work areas of  
Bradford, Dewsburg, Halifax, Huddersfiels,  Keighley and Todmorden are  
covered by the specific Community measures to assist textile areas.
In the East Midlands region, the employment office area of Corby is  
covered by the specific Community measures to assist steel areas.
Chapter IV: Location of ERDF assistance 71

v4roTABLE 22
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF GRANTS MADE IN 1983 (*)  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
* * 1Member State Industry, servlce Infrastructure Stud ies Tota 1
and craft
Region Mio BFR Mio ECU Mio BFR Mio ECU Mio BFR Mio ECU Mio BFR Mio ECU
BELGIQUE/BELGlE 65.28 1.92 325.22 7.07 17.00 0.37 907.50 8.86
Vlaanderen 65.28 1.92 216.79 9.71- _282.02 6.13
Wa 11 on i  e “ “108.98 2.36 17.00 0.37 125.98 2.73
Mio DKR Mio ECU Mio DKR Mio ECU Mio DKR Mio ECU Mio DKR Mio ECU
DANMARK 6.78 0.83 156.29 19.12 20.00 2.95 183.07 22.90
Grønland_ -156.29 19.12 20.00 2.95 176.29 21.57
Other regions 6.78 0.83 - “ - 6.78 0.83
Mio DM Mio ECU Mio DM Mio ECU Mio DM Mio ECU Mio DM Mio ECU
DEUTSCHLAND 75.05 33.22 23.78 10.51 0.03 0.01 98.86 93.79
Schleswig-Holstein 9.01 3.98 0.52 0.23_ - 9.53 9.21
Bremen- - - - - - - -
Nordrhein-Westfalen 8.01 3.59 2.51 1.11 - - 10.52 9.65
Hessen 5.21» 2.33 1.88 0.83 - - 7.12 3.16
Rhe i  n1and-Pfa1z 10.29 9.59 0.39 0.17 - - 10.63 9.71
Baden-Württemberg 2.38 1.05 3.36 1.99 - - 5.79 2.59
Bayern 19.89 6.56 7.09 3.13 • - 21.93 9.69
Saarland 12.57 5.56- - - - 12.57 5.56
Berl in • - - - - - - -
Niedersachsen 12.76 5.66 8.03 3.55 0.03 0.01 20.82 9.22
Mrd DR Mio ECU Mrd DR Mio ECU Mrd DR Mio ECU Mrd DR Mio ECU
ELLAS 0.91 11.10 28.01 399.29 0.009 0.05 28.92 355.99
Ana. Ster. Kai Nlsoi 0.09 0.60 7.26-0.60 7.30
Kentr. Dyt. Makedonia 0.06 0.79 20.53 252.65- - 20.59 253.99
Pelop. Dyt. Ste. Ellas 0. 18 2. 19 3.26 90.03 - - 3.99 92.17
Thessa l  la 0.17 2.01 1.13 13.90 - - 1.30 15.91
Ana to 1  i  k i  Ma kedon i  a 0. 19 1.66 0.68 8.26- - 0.82 9.92
Kritl 0.03 0.37 0.67 8.22 - - 0.70 8.59
Ip i  ros 0.17 2.15 0.76 9.30 - - 0.93 11.95
Thrak1 0.09 0.95 0.17 2.13- • 0.21 2.58
Nisoi Anat. Agaiou 0.12 1.99 0.21 2.59 0.009 0.05 0.33 9.08
Multi-reg i  ona1 • • - • •
* Value of the ECU at first December 1983 (see annex D)SCl
M I
M I

TABLE 22
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF GRANTS HADE IN 1983 (*)  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES  
(CONTINUED)
Member State Industry, se rv i  ce Infrastructure Studies Tota 1
and craft
Reg ion Mio FF Mio ECU Mio FF Mio ECU Mio FF MioECUMio FF Mio ECU
FRANCE 220.29 32.04 1 741.83 253.39 - 1 962.12 285.43
Haute-Normand ie 2.28 0.33- - - 2.28 0.33
Basse-Normandie 5.25 0.76 36.42 5.29- 41.67 6.05
PI ca rd 1  e 1.48 0.21 2.40 0.35- 3.88 0.56
Champagne-Ardenne 0.53 0.08 4.26 0.62 - 4.79 0.70
Bourgogne - - -
9.29-
Centre 2.39 0.35 6.90 1.00- 1.35
Nord-Pas-de-Cala 1  s <4.66 0.68 23.97 3.49 - 28.63 4.17
Bretagne 29.30 4.26 173.35 25.22 - 202.65 29.48
Pays-de-la-Lolre 63.29 9.22 56.82 8.27 - 120.11 17.49
Poitou Charentes 18.97 2.76 54.98 8.00 - 73.95 10.76
LorraIne 17.71 2.57 37.13 5.40- 54.84 7.97
Alsace 2.38 0.35- - - 2.38 0.35
Franche-Comté - - - - - “ -
Limousin 5.01 0.73 56.72 8.24- 61.73 8.97
Aquitaine 29.45 4.28 65.50 9.53 - 94.95 13.81
Midi-Pyrénées 12.84 1.86 361.28 52.56- 374.12 54.42
Auvergne 5.36 0.78 63.50 9.24 - 68.86 10.02
Rhône-Alpes 7.06 1 .02 51.59 7.51 - 58.65 8.53
Languedoc-Roussi 1  Ion 9.08 1.32 102.21 14.87 - 111.29 16.19
Provence-Côte-d'Azur - - 0.75 0.11 - 0.75 0.11
Corse 3.25 0.48 15.86 2.32 - 19.11 2.80
Guadeloupe - - 96.88 14.10 - 96.88 14.10
Guyane - - 44.22 6.43 - 44.22 6.43
Ma rt1nI que - - 65.50 9.52 - 65.50 9.52
Réunion - - 285.39 41.51 - 285.39 41.51
Mu 111-reg i  ona1 “- 136.20 19.81 - 136.20 19.81
Mio IRL Mio ECU Mio IRL Mio ECU Mio IRL MioECUMio IRL Mio ECU
IRELAND 17.66 24.28 56.67 77.92 - 74.33 102.20
* Value of the ECU at first December 1983 (see annex D)s o«

TABLE 22
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF GRANTS HADE IN 1983 (*) (CONTINUED)  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
g
§Member State
Reg i  on
ITALIA
FriulI-Van.  
Toscana 
Marche 
Lazio 
Abruzzi 
Molise 
Campania  
Pug 11 a 
Basi Iicata  
Calabrla  
Sid I  la 
Sa rdegna  
Multi-regGiulia
ona I
LUXEMBOURG
NEDERLAND
Noord-Nederland  
O ost-NederI and  
Limburg
UNITED KINGDOM  
North
Yorkshire Humberside
East Midlands
South West
West Midlands
North West
Wales
Scotland
Northern Ireland  
Multi-reg i  onal
EUR 10Industry, service  
and craft
Mrd LIT Mio ECU
69.92
8.08
6.52
19.37
11*. 65 
2.82 
5.91 
5.29 
3.46 
3.8251.06
5.90 
i*. 76
14.14
10.70
2.06
4.32
3.86
2.52
2.80
Mio LFR Mio ECU
Mio HFL Mio ECU
2.74
2.741.08
1.08
Mio UKL Mio ECU
43.41
43
54
10
17
5.47
12.83
19.56
2.3175.66
2.48
0.94
1.91
0.29
9.52
22.36
34.12
4.04
230.69Infrastructure
Mrd LIT Mio ECU
1 052.20
16.13
2.79
37.94
33.73
27.99
384.76
108.13
117.00
140.37
110.47
34.31
38.58767.87
11.77
2.03
27.67
24.61 
20.43
280.80
78.90
85.40
102.44
80.61 
25.05 
28.16
Mio LFR Mio ECU
MiO HFL Mio ECU
48.07
32.06
16.0118.98
12.66
6.32
Mio UKL Mio ECU
217.91
31.21
14.96
3
11
3.03
.15
.84
36.70
33.86
63.57
19.59380.17
54.46 
26.08 
5.28 
19.43 
6.70 
64.00 
59.12 
110.93 
34.17
1  879.32Studies
Mrd LIT Mio ECU
Mio LFR Mio ECU
Mio HFL Mio ECU
0. 17 
0.170.07
0.07
Mio UKL Mio ECU
1.48
0.28 
0 . 12 
0 . 12 
0.06
0.54
0.27
0.092.56
0.47 
0.21 
0.21 
0.10
0.95 
0.46 
0.16
5.51Tota I
Mrd LIT Mio ECU
1 122.12 818.93
16.13 11.77
10.87 7.93
44.46 32.43
53.10 38.75
27.99 20.43
399.41 291.50
110.95 80.96
122.91 89.72
145.66 106.30
113.93 83.13
38.13 27.85
38.58 28.16
Mio LFR Mio ECU
MiO HFL Mio ECU
50.98
34.97
16.0120.13
13.81
6.32
Mio UKL Mio ECU
262.80
32.92
15.62
4.25
11.38
3.84
42.17
47.23
83.40
21.99458.39
57.41
27.23
7.40
19.82
6.70
73.52
82.43
145.51
38.37
2 115.52
• Value of the ECU at first December 1983 (see annex D)

5.0 CHAPTER V : REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES (RPD )
152. By the end of 1983 all the Member States had notified to the  
Commission their second generation regional development programmes drawn  
up on the basis of the Common Outline of 197513 and the Commission  
Recommendation of 197914.
The following six programmes were examined this year by the Commission and  
referred to the Regional Policy Comittee for an opinion.
5.1 BELGIUM
153. The programme for Wallonia (1982-1985) which had been notified to  
the Commission in 1982, was approved by the Regional Policy Committee on  
25 March 1983 after a number of gaps in the programme had been filled
As already indicated in the Eighth Report15,  the overriding priority for  
Wallonia is industrial conversion.
5.2 FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
154. The regional development programme for Berlin was notified to the  
Commission in June 1983 and was approved by the Regional Policy Committee  
on 7 July 1983. The whole of West Berlin is regarded as a development  
area.
The problems facing Berlin - in particular its four-power status, its  
restricted traffic links to markets, the age structure of its population  
and its urban density - are due mainly to its isolated geographical and  
political situation.
The priority aim is to maintain or achieve in Berlin a rate of economic  
development comparable to that of the Federal territory. To this end, the  
programme sets certain special priorities, including for example the  
establishment of new firms and the development of existing ones with a  
view to creating and safeguarding jobs, the promotion of research and  
innovation, tourism fairs, exhibitions and conferences, urban planning  
and energy supplies.
The main legal basis for this development is the Berlin Promotion Law  
("Berlin forderungsgesetz") which provides for major tax exemptions.
13 O.J. n C 69, 24.3.1976.
14 O.J. n L 143, 12.6.1979.
15 Eighth ERDF Report, appendix A, Sheet No 1.
Chapter V :  Regional development programmes (RPD) 75

5.3 FRANCE
155. The 1982-1983 regional development programmes, which had been  
notified to the Commission in 1982, were approved by the Regional Policy  
Committee. The examination of these programmes, which began in 1982 was  
completed on 7 July 1983.
These programmes are an updating of the first generation programmes. They  
cover the 21 metropolitan regions all or part of whose territory is  
eligible for regional aid to industry and four overseas departments.
The programmes take account of the guidelines adopted in the Interim Plan  
for 1982 and 1983 and the priorities already adopted by the regional  
bodies set up under regional devolution. The principal priorities for  
action are regional infrastructure, vocational training research and  
development and the accepted need to exploit the indigenous resources and  
capacities of each region in the industrial, craft industry and tertiary  
sectors.
The second generation programmes will cover the period 1984-1988 and will  
be drawn up in accordance with the new devolution procedure instituted as  
a result of the increase in regional powers in France (Laws of 2 March  
1982, 7 January 1983 and 22 July 1983).
5.4 LUXEMBOURG (G .D .)
156. Luxembourg’s regional development programme for the period 
1981-1985 which had been notified to the Commission in 1982, was approved  
by the Regional Policy Committee on 25 March 1983 after a number of  
additions had reached the Commission.
These additions relate to cross-frontier cooperation between the three  
regions of Saarland, Lorraine and Luxembourg, which is of major importance 
to Luxembourg given its geographical position.
The main thrust of the programme, however, lies in the conversion of the  
steelmaking area to other forms of productive activity16.
5.5 NETHERLANDS
157. The regional development programmes for the period 1982-1985, which  
had been notified to the Commission in 1982, were approved by the Regional  
Policy Committee on 25 March 1983 after a number of details had been 
added17.
These details relate mainly to the financial resources available for the  
development of the two priority development regions in the Netherlands,  
the North and South Limburg.
5.6 UNITED KINGDOM
158. In 1983 the United Kingdom notified to the Commission its revised  
regional development programmes for the period 1981-1985 in the form of 38
16 See Eighth ERDF Report, Appendix A, Sheet nr 1.
17 See also Eighth ERDF Report, Appendix A, Sheet nr 1
7 6ERDF

new programmes for the period 1982-1986. The Regional Policy Committee  
approved them on 26 May and 21 October 1983.
Of these programmes, 27 cover the assisted areas designated under the  
Industrial Development Act 1982, one applies to the mid-Wales aided area  
set up by the Development of Rural Wales Act 1976 and ten concern the  
designated districts provided for in the Inner Urban Areas Act 1978.
Generally speaking, all the regional development programmes set out in  
broad terms the economic development objectives and infrastructure  
requirements. The main aim is to restore the balance between supply and  
demand on regional labour markets in the areas concerned, by promoting  
investment in industry and business which will help to create or safeguard  
jobs.
The programmes describe in detail the many measures and initiatives  
planned or in progress; these relate both to the aid schemes for promoting  
business investment and to the investment needed to develop and upgrade  
regional infrastructure. The measures planned include both those of  
central government and those of regional and local authorities. Although  
the programmes contain financial information on many measures, it is  
impossible to make an overall estimate of the financial resources  
allocated to regional development (regional aid, public and private  
investment).
The United Kingdom Government is planning a major revision of its regional  
policy for industry (i.e. the policy applied in the assisted areas) which  
should take effect in the autumn of 1984.
Chapter V :  Regional development programmes (RPD) 77

6.0 CHAPTER V I : INTEGRATED OPERATIONS UNDER THE
COMMUNITY'S STRUCTURAL FUNDS
6.1 INTEGRATED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OPERATIONS
159. The guidelines adopted by the Commission in 1979 for encouraging  
integrated regional development operations were reinforced in 1983 by the  
adoption of the report on ways of increasing the effectiveness of the  
Community's structural Funds18.
160. An integrated operation consists of a coherent programme of measures  
and public and private investments in a limited geographical area, to  
which the Member States' national and local authorities and the Community  
make complementary contributions, the latter through its financial  
instruments for structural policy purposes. An integrated operation  
therefore requires effective temporal and spatial coordination between  
many partners, both public and private. While this is difficult to  
achieve, the potential benefits are great, for such a well-ordered  
combined operation should have a synergic effect, i.e. it should produce  
greater results than would be obtained overall by carrying out the  
different measures separately, one after the other. In addition, these  
areas are normally given priority access to the Community's various  
structural Funds and financial instruments and qualify for the maximum  
rates of assistance.
The ambitious aims of the integrated development operations are  
commensurate with the difficulties facing the area in which such  
operations have been or will be launched.
6.1.1 Two pilot schemes in progress in Belfast and Naples
6.1.1.1 BELFAST
THE INTEGRATED OPERATION IN BELFAST
161. In 1983, ERDF assistance was combined with that granted under the  
urban renewal measure (see following point) for projects in the area  
covered by the integrated operation in Belfast. The ERDF aid amounted to  
2.9 million ECU, broken down as follows:
Infrastructure
Urban transport and related projects  
Port of Belfast
Drainage system from the River Lagan  
Total0.15 million ECU  
1.57 million ECU  
0.75 million ECU  
0.39 million ECU  
2.86 million ECU
18 Report and proposals on ways of increasing the effectiveness of the  
Community's structural Funds, COM (83) 501 of 28 July 1983.
Chapter VI :  Integrated operations under the Community's structural  
funds 79

The authorities in Northern Ireland are in the process of reviewing and  
updating the first dossier for the integrated operation. It is planned to  
submit the new dossier to the Commission in mid-1984.
URBAN RENEWAL IN BELFAST
162. On 21 June 1983, the Council adopted the Commission's proposal for a  
Regulation introducing an exceptional Community measure to promote urban  
renewal in Northern Ireland (Belfast)19.
Under this Regulation, which provides for aid of 70% of the investment  
cost involved to be granted to projects which meet the conditions laid  
down, a maximum of 100 million ECU is to be allocated for urban renewal in  
Belfast over a period of three years.
This measure provides for Community assistance to a wide range of  
infrastructure projects other than housing projects, which will  
contribute to urban renewal in the Belfast area and help raise living  
standards and improve the environment.
Pursuant to the Regulation, the Commission decided on 23 December 1983 to  
grant a first tranche of 32 million ECU for 71 projects, to be financed  
from the appropriations allocated to Community measures in the framework  
of integrated operations (budget Item 5411).
6.1.1.2 THE INTEGRATED OPERATION IN NAPLES
163. The Naples integrated operation was continued in 1983. In Naples the 
permanent office, which works in association with the group responsible  
for technical matters, updated the plan of work.
At the end of 1983, the cost of the investments and measures provided for  
under the operation amounted to 8 549 million ECU.
The breakdown by authority responsible was as follows: Cassa per il  
Mezzogiorno (3 513) - City of Naples (817) - Campania Region (844) - other  
bodies (3 375).
The cost of work in progress was 4 817 million ECU (56% of the total).  
Work completed cost 987 million ECU and work started in 1983, 370 million  
ECU.
The technical working group met three times in 1983 to monitor the  
progress of the work and projects and to prepare the action programme for  
1984.
It should be noted that the serious political problems facing Naples  
contributed to the postponement of important financial decisions  
affecting the commencement of work on a number of priority projects in the  
integrated operation.
In 1983, the ERDF allocated 77.40 million ECU for projects forming part of  
the integrated operation. This sum broke down as follows:
Natural gas distribution network of
Naples and 27 adjoining municipalities 46.30 million ECU
Railway stations of Chiaio and Montesanto 3.10 million ECU
Alifana railway line (first phase) 23.00 million ECU
Water engineering 1.20 million ECU
Industrial investment (13 projets) 3.80 million ECU
19 0J L 171, 29.6.83, p.l.
80ERDF

6.1.2 Preparatory studies for integrated operations
164. Budget Item 5410, Preparatory studies for integrated operations  
enables the Commission to help finance the studies necessary for launching  
an integrated operation or a new stage of an operation already under way.  
The Commission gives priority to the following:
• studies of regions or areas facing acute difficulties;
• studies with the greatest likelihood of producing operational results  
which could directly and immediately be applied by the national public  
authorities and by the Commission of the European Communities;
• studies aimed at clarifying problems causing bottlenecks in the  
progress of integrated operations;
• studies relating to parts of integrated operations which, because of  
their nature and complexity, require special preparation within an  
integrated operation;
• studies which may be of methodological value to the integrated approach  
to development.
These preparatory studies must be initiated by, or at least receive the  
support of, the competent authorities in the Member State concerned.
165. Of the four studies for which a total of 410 000 ECU were committed  
at the end of 1982, three were completed in 1983. The first two were both  
concerned with examining the possibility of introducing in Greece and  
Italy a multi-modal transport system linking Western Europe to the Middle  
East via the Salentina peninsula, Epirus and Thessaly.
The third was concerned with the preparation of a new stag5 of the  
integrated operation in Naples. The fourth study also in Naples was on the  
improvement of two historical quarters in the centre of the city; it was  
continued in 1983 and is not yet complete.
166. In 1983 the Commission had available 2 million ECU for financing  
these preparatory studies. The whole of that amount was committed.
The subjects of the studies included the following:
IN BELGIUM
• LIÈGE: the setting up of new small firms with technical and financial  
assistance in a steel area undergoing conversion.
IN THE NETHERLANDS
• GRONINGEN: preparation of a comprehensive programme comprising projects  
in agriculture, training, distributive trades, industry, tourism and  
various infrastructure.
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
• STRATHCLYDE: coordination of local, national and Community resources to  
obtain the best possible results for development in the city of Glasgow.
• SCILLY ISLES: preparation of an integrated plan of action to solve the  
economic, social and ecological problems of the islands.
• MERSEYSIDE: preparation of a comprehensive programme to exploit to the  
full the potential offered by the port, the Mersey, the quayside area,  
the environment, tourism, transport and industry.
• HUMBERSIDE: improvement of the social and economic situation and the
environment in Humberside on the basis of an integrated strategy. The
Chapter VI :  Integrated operations under the Community's structural  
funds 81

problems facing industry, fisheries and steel will be examined in  
particular.
• BELFAST: optimum use of largely unused and derelict land in West
Belfast, mainly in the Belfast Enterprise Zone. The sites might be  
suitable for workshops, small business, housing, recreational
activities and a farm in an urban setting.
IN FRANCE
• ARIÈGE: preparation of a programme to encourage young people to stay in  
the area, improve land-use and provide facilities and amenities.
• MINING AND STEEL AREAS OF NORD-PAS-DE-CALAIS preparation of an aid  
programme to cover the industrial and tertiary sectors, the  
agricultural and agri-foodstuffs sector and improved public services  
and facilities.
• SUD-AVEYRON AND SUD-EST DU TARN: preparation of a programme for
increasing the market value of agricultural products, for developing  
traditional and new industrial activities and for exploiting the  
potential for tourism.
• NORTHERN MASSIF CENTRAL: preparation of a programme for increasing the  
market value of agricultural products, for developing the beef sector  
and forestry and forest-based industries and for expanding tourism.
• STEEL AREA OF NORTHERN LORRAINE: prepration of an aid programme in the  
fields of industrial conversion, training, housing, agriculture and  
communicat ions.
Four further studies were approved relating to Wales (United Kingdom) a  
group of municipalities in Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France), the region of  
Pornezia in Lazio (Italy) and the region of Kozani (Greece).
As most of these studies were approved at the end of 1983, payments made  
during the year were not very high (369 000 ECU).
Following the experiences of these first two years, it is now increasingly  
clear that the resources for these preparatory studies should also be used  
for experimental pilot projects.
6.2 INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES (IDP)
167 . The IDPs place emphasis on development planning for an area or small  
region whose natural handicaps and existing agricultural structures  
account for the low level of productivity and in which there is very  
little scope for alternative activities.
To overcome these difficulties, the idea is to draw up programmes for  
promoting simultaneously the development of both agriculture and the  
non-agricultural sector, starting from the situation and specific  
resources of the area.
The basic IDP Regulations provide that the EAGGF Guidance Section, over  
and above its commitments under existing Directives and Regulations, is to  
make an additional financial contribution to fund "new" measures or to  
facilitate and speed up implementation of the measures already provided  
for. These operations must be supported by measures financed under the  
Community's other structural Funds: aid for training under the European  
Social Fund and ERDF measures to develop infrastructures and promote  
productive activities, including aids for SMEs,  craft industries and  
rural tourism.
Three IDPs were adopted in 1981, for:
• the Western Isles in the United Kingdom29
• the department of Lozère in France2*
• the South East of Belgium22
82 ERDF

A start was made on the IDPs for the Western Isles and Lozère, but the IDP  
for the South East of Belgium had not been notified to the Commission by  
the end of 1983.
6.2.1 The Western Isles Integrated Development Programme
168. The Western Isles have to contend with severe natural handicaps.  
Apart from agriculture, the main activities are fishing and craft  
activities. Communications and transport infrastructures are crucial to  
the development of these islands.
In 1983, the Western Isles received 6,98 million ECU in aid from the ERDF,  
mainly for improvements to the road system. Aid was also given for the  
setting up of small workshops and for a study to determine the best route  
for underwater power lines linking Scotland and the islands. Projects for  
the Western Isles are given priority and benefit from a rate of assistance  
of 40% owing to their links with the integrated development programme.
6.2.2 The Lozère Integrated Development Programme
169. The report on progress of the programme, presented by the  
Association du Programme de Développement Intégré de la Lozère (APDIL),  
revealed that the ERDF did not finance any operations in 1983.
The APDIL is counting on finance being made available by the ERDF under  
the specific Community enlargement measure (Regulation (EEC) n. 2615/80)  
for the constructin of access roads to future industrial and craft  
industry zones. However, implementation of that Regulation appears to be  
posing problems, at least where investment in tourism is concerned.
In addition, in order to expedite measures to remedy the isolation of the  
region, commitment appropriations for road infrastructure schemes should  
continue to rise in the next few years and, to this end, ERDF resources  
should also be mobilized.
6.3 PREPARATION OF THE INTEGRATED MEDITERRANEAN  
PROGRAMMES
170. In September 1983 the Commission transmitted to the Council a  
proposal for a Regulation instituting integrated Mediterranean programmes  
(IMP)23.  These programmes are based on a comprehensive and  
multidisciplinary approach to the development of rural areas in certain  
Mediterranean regions in France, Italy and Greece2“ ’  They include both  
agricultural and non-agricultural measures and reinforce action under the  
Community's existing structural Funds.
20 Council Regulation (EEC) no 1939/81 (Western Isles of Scotland),0J no  
L 197, 20.7.1981.
21 Council Regulation (EEC) no 1940/81 (Lozère, OJ. no L 197, 20.07.1981.
22 Council Regulation (EEC) no 1941/81 (Belgium),0J. L. 197, 20.07.1981.
23 Proposal for a Council Regulation (EEC) instituting integrated  
Mediterranean programmes, 0J no C 251, 19.9.1983.
24 Commission proposals for the integrated Mediterranean programmes,  
Parts I and II - COM (83) 24, 17.3.1983.
25 O.J. L 44, 15.2.1984.
Chapter VI :  Integrated operations under the Community's structural  
funds 83

In addition, pilot projects and studies in preparation for the IMPs were  
approved by the Comission in December to a total cost of 5.8 million  
ECU25.  This aid is financed from the appropriations allocated to the  
preparation of integrated Mediterranean programmes under budget Article  
550.
Among these preparatory studies and pilot projects the regional dimension  
is particularly marked in the following integrated micro- projects:
in Italy:
• the area of Ogliastra, Nuoro province, region of Sardinia
• the inland areas of Viterbo province, regin of Lazio
• rural areas of the Abruzzi region
in France:
• inland areas of the region of Corsica
• the department of Hérault
and in Greece:
• the island of Lesbos, the prefecture of Lesbos
• the prefecture of Ioannina
• the prefecture of Evritania
• the Prespa area of the prefecture of Fiorina
• the island of Limnos, prefecture of Lesbos
and in the studies or research projects in:
• Tuscany, Italy
• the Pyrénées region, France.
84 ERDF

A.0 STATISTICAL DATA: 1983 AND 1975-1983
Statistical data: 1983 and 1975-1983 85

oo
O '
TABLE 23
ASSISTANCE APPLIED FOR 1983  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio)
Member Industry, Service infrastructure Studies Tota 1
State and craft
Nat.cur. ECU**Nat.cur. ECU**Nat.cur. ECU**Nat.cur. ECU**
B 124.65 2.7115211933.13 17.00 037166284 36.22
DK 17.85 2.18 1565019.15 20.00 24519435 23.78
D 134.03 59.27 362316.02 0.03 00117029 75.30
GR 1.05* 12.95 3225*396.45 0.07* 091 3337* 410.31
F 326.94 47.55193430281.34 - 226124 328.89
IRL 19.77 27.18 707197.21 - 9049 124.40
69.57* 50.77120246*877.53 34.24* 2499130627* 953.29
NL_ 424716.77 0. 17 007 4264 16.84
UK 50.13 87.43 21903382.02 2.14 37327130 473.18
EUR 10 290.05 2 119.64 3252 2 442.21
* Thousand Mill ions
** ECU rates at December 1983 (see Annex D)

TABLE 24
NUMBER OF PROJECTS FOR WHICH GRANT APPLICATIONS  
WERE SUBMITTED IN 1S83  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
Member Industry, Infrastructure Studies Total
State Services
and Crafts
B 12 106 1 119
DK 36 93 1 130
D 195 54 1 250
GR 45 209 3 257
F 373 1 090 0 1 463
IRL 24 86 0 110
I 171 1 500 49 1 720
L 0 0 0 0
NL 0 10 1 11
UK 136 876 30 1 042
EUR 10 992 4 024 86 5 102
Statistical data: 1983 and 1975-1983 87

TABLE 25
TOTAL EROF ASSISTANCE IN 1983 AND 1975-1983
(Hio ECU)
Member 1983 1975-1983
State Support Specific ERDF Support Specific ERDF
Measures Measures tots 1 Measures measures total
1981-1983
B 8.86- 886 61.20 0.97 82.17
DK 22.U0 - 22<40 107.28 - 107.28
D **3.7*» - 1*374 435.56 - 435.56
GR 355.UU - 35544 830.29 - 830.29
F 285.U3 - 285431 415.87 28.23 1 444.10
IRL 102.20 a. 35 10655 554.32 7.57 561.89
1 818.93 - 818933 546.98 21.17 3 568.15
L - - 7.24 - 7.24
NL 20.13 - 2013 120.57 - 120.57
UK 1*58.39 1.48 **59872 115.95 21.22 2 137.17
EUR 10 2 115.52 5.83 2 121359 215.26 79.16 9 294.42

TABLE 26
NUMBER OF PROJECTS ASSISTED IN 1983  
EROF, SUPPORT MEASURES
Member Industry, services and craft Infrestructure Studies Tota 1
State
Investments Investments Tota 1 Investments 1  investments Tota 1
> < > <
10 Mio ECU 10 Mio ECU 10 Mio ECU 10 Mio ECU
B 7 7-35 35 1 43
OK- 11 11 1 91 92 1 104
D 19 158 177- 55 55 1 233
CR 37 37 14 158 172 1 210
F 5 224 229 24 708 732- 961
IRL 5 17 22 11 71 82 - 104
1 3 187 190 32 813 845 - 1 035
L« - - - - - — —
NL- 3 3 1 10 11 1 15
UK 13 110 123 32 800 832 22 977
EUR 10 45 754 799 115 2 741 2 856 27 3 682
voOoU>

TABLE 27
NUMBER OF PROJECTS ASSISTED 1975-1983  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
Member Industry, services and craft Infrastructure Studies Tota 1
State
Investments 1nvestments Tota 1 Investments 1nvestments Tota 1
> < > <
10 Mio ECU 10 Mio ECU 10 Mio ECU 10 Mio ECU
B 9 60 69 1 276 277 1 347
DK 1 138 139 10 511 521 4 664
D 86 1 319 1 405 10 612 622 1 2028
GR 1 84 85 40 569 609 4 698
F 68 1 455 1 523 114 2 010 2 124 - 3647
IRL 30 225 255 62 479 541 3 799
1 23 1 295 1 318 164 6 511 6 675 15 8008
L - - - - 9 9 - 9
NL 3 11 14 12 39 51 1 66
UK 98 615 713 177 4 295 4 472 28 5213
EUR 10 319 5 202 5 521 590 15 311 15 901 57 21479


VOK>
TABLE 29
AID GRANTED FROM 1975 TO 1983  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio ECU)
Member Industry, services and craft Infrastructure Studies—  
Tota 1
State
Invest- Invest- Tota 1 1nvest- 1nvest- Tota 1
nents ments ments ments
> < > <
10 Mio ECU 10 Mio ECU 10MioECU10 Mio ECU
B 12.17 15.62 2779 184 51.20 5304 0.37 81.20
DK 0.70 9.09 979 2957 62.87 9244 5.05 107.28
D 95.16 148.38 24354 3679 155.22 19201 0.01 435.56
GR 5.76 27.86 3362 48501 311.42 79643 0.24 830.29
F 137.U7 165.78 30325 79392 318.70 111262 - 1415.87
IRL 68.67 86.85 15552 29749 100.66 39815 0.65 554.32
1 116.22 265.18 381402021911 135.85 315776 7.82 3546.98
L- - 7.24 724- 7.24
NL 12.41 5.89 1830 5873 43.47 10220 0.07 120.57
UK 390.68 142.38 53306 522331 057.60 157993 2.96 2115.95
EUR 10 839.24 867.03 1 706274247593 244.23 74918217.17 9215.26§>
H I
” n
CO
3Sag
3 ^2Î Ln►  I<2 HS vo 2 œ
gi­ro
VO
W
i

TABLE 30
INVESTMENTS FOR WHICH ASSISTANCE WAS GRANTED IN 1983  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(MiO ECU)
Member Industry, services and craft Infrastructure Studies TotalState
Investments 1nvestments Tota 1 Investments 1nvestments Tota 1> < > <
10Mio ECU 10 Mio ECU 10Mio ECU 10MioECU
B - 15.72 1572 •2361 23.61 0.74 40.07DK - 8.55 855 17.73 4047 58.20 4.89 71.64D 427.88 429.63 85751 - 3556 35.56 0.03 893.10GR - 59.19 5919 804.69 219881024.57 0.10 1 083.86F 133.76 338.12 471882137.10 319082456.18 .2 928.06IRL 116.69 52.32 16901 881.85 8139 963.23 -1 132.251
I86.49 223.91 310402247.06 893113140.17 - 3 450.57
NL - 10.46 1046 19.75 4502 64.76 0.14 75.36UK 390.48 276.32 66681 825.08 932561757.64 5.76 2 430.21
EUR 10 1155.31 1 414.22 2569.536933.25 2590679523.92 11.66 12 105.11

ve
TABLE 31
INVESTMENTS FOR WHICH ASSISTANCE WAS GRANTED 1975-1983  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio ECU)
Member Industry, services and craft Infrastructure Studies Tota 1
State
Investiaents Investiaents Tota I Investiaents Investments Tota 1
10 Mio ECU 10 Mio ECU 10 Mio ECU 10 Mio ECU
B 194.24 201.56 395.49 15.02 192.31 207.33 0.74 603.56
DK 10.92 122.36 133.28 128.60 209.96 338.55 11.23 483.06
D 2 752.32 3 373.45 6125.77 312.76 569.25 882.01 0.03 7007.81
GR 63.00 164.96 227.961 682.97 1 342.07 3025.04 0.46 3253.46
F 2 850.70 2 422.32 5273.024 430.07 1 194.05 5624.12 - 10897.14
IRL 1 645.23 565.49 2210.716 762.46 351.36 7113.82 1.61 9326.15
1 931.16 1 455.43 2386.5913 578.33 3 538.53 17116.86 16.24 19519.68
L- • - 40.47 40.47 • 40.47
NL 132.06 51.85 183.91 325.82 166.96 492.78 0.14 676.82
UK 5 549.26 1 038.46 6587.726 847.87 4 161.41 11009.28 6.64 17603.64
EUR 10 14 128.89 9 395.56 23524.4534 083.90 11 766.36 45850.26 37.09 69411.80M n

TABLE 32
BREAKDOWN OF ASSISTANCE BY TYPE OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN 1983  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(MiO ECU)
Type of infrastructure Investments Investments Tota I
> 10 Mio ECU < 10 Mio ECU
Projects Ass i  stance Projects Assistance Projects Assistance
1. Linked to productive activities 12 129.5 266 73.5 278 203.0
2. Transport 35 178.1 807 233.9 842 412.0
3. Telecommunications 7 41». 3 661 106.4 668 150.7
4. Energy 21 386.9 449 256.9 470 643.8
5. Water engineering 37 310.7 474 124.2 511 434.9
6. Environment - - 19 10.4 19 10.4
7. Education, soclo-cultura1 3 9.7 65 14.8 68 24.5
Tota 1 115 1 059.2 2 741 820.1 2 856 1 879.3
Total Investment 6933.3 2590.7 9523.9
National aid 2951.2 2466.3 5417.5
Sons of tho figures in this table are estimated, but only where projects covered by global applications are  
concerned.
These figures are therefore only approximate.

TABLE 33
BREAKDOWN OF ASSISTANCE BY TYPE OF INFRASTRUCTURE 1975-1983  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio ECU
Type of Infrastructure Investments  
> 10 Mio ECUInvestments  
< 10 Mio ECUTota 1
projects ass I  stance projects ass I  stance projects assistance
1. Linked to productive activities
2. Transport
3. Telecommunications
4. Energy
5. Water engineering
6. Environment
7. Education, socio-cultural78
233
37
49
171
11»
8<4<40.8 
1 235.6 
3614.6 
887.U 
1 197.1 
85.2 
37.02 <423 
6 073 
1 692 
1 152
3 <4<43 
132 
396395.8 
1 182.2
349.5
373.9 
797.3
41.2
104.22 501 
6 306 
1 729 
1 201
3 614 
146 
404836.6 
2 417.8
714.1 
1 261.3 
1 994.4
126.4
141.2
Total 590 < 4  247.7 15 311 3 244.1 15 901 7 491.8
Total Investment  
National aid34 083.9  
14 555.811 766. < 4  
10 653.845 850.3  
25 209.6
Some of the figures in this table are estimates, but only where projects covered by global applications are  
concerned.
These figures are therefore only approximate.

co
ft
ft
S'rt
H ·O»
a
ftP»TABLE 34
BREAKDOWN OF ASSISTANCE BY INDUSTRY, CRAFT INDUSTRY AND SERVICE SECTOR IN 1963
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
S OC oo>
so
si
inIH - »to
0 0O)(Mlo ECU)
Sector 
NACE Code1nvestments  
> 10 Mio ECU1  nvestments  
< 10 Mio ECUTota 1
Projects Assist. Jobs Projects Ass i  St. Jobs Projects Ass i  St. Jobs
1. Energy
2. Mineral products and by­
products, chemicals
3. Metal processing, in­
strument engineering
4. Other manufacturing indus­
tries
5. Building and civil engineering
6. to 9. Services1
6
25
131.5
7.4
52.1
18.32 100
1 450 
13 930
2 0601
119
301
315
2
160.7
32.3 
60.2
54.3 
0.1 
3.6300
7 290
18 670
15 490 
40 
7802
125
326
328
2
162.3
39.7
112.3
72.6 
0.1 
3.62 400
8 740
32 600
17 550 
40 
780
Tota 1 45 79.4 19 540 754 151.3 42 570 799 230.7 62 110
Total investment  
Na t i  ona1  aid1 155.3 
215.41 414.2 
321.92 569.5 
537.3
Some of the figures in this table are estimates, but only where projects covered by global applications are  
concerned.These figures are therefore only approximate.I I I
» M Rn U
M W ”
Sm3 *
i:a
3  V ORoon 
C A  U )  m
SO• s i

TABLE 35
BREAKDOWN OF ASSISTANCE BY INDUSTRY, CRAFT INDUSTRY AND SERVICE SECTOR 1975-1983
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mto ECU)$
Sector Investments Investments Tota 1
NACE code > 10Mio ECU < 10 Mio ECU
Projects Assi St. Jobs Projects Ass 1  St. Jobs Projects Assist. Jobs
1. Energy 5 72.3 8090 13 5.6 1 480 18 77.8 9570
2. Mineral products and by-
products, chemicals 86 149.2 26430 842168.3 46 320 928 317.6 72750
3. Metal processing, Instru-
ment engineering 151 486.4 1306802 139 380.1 194 430 2 290 866.4 325110
4. Other manufacturing
Industries 72 126.7 208902 019 289.5 128 310 2 091 416.3 149200
5. Building and civil engineering 1 0.5 60 13 1.4 800 14 1.9 860
6. to 9. Services 1 * 4.2 2130 176 22.1 9 750 180 26.2 11880
Tota 1 319 839.2 1882805 202 866.9 381 090 5 521 1 706.2 569370
Total Investment 14 128.9 9 395.< 23 524.5
National aid 2 281.0 1 892.1 4 173.1M  VO 
X n  in
PJ VO ftca o» S  ui C
Some of the figures In this table are estimates, but only where  
concerned. These figures are therefore only approximate.projects covered by global applications are

TABLE 36
BREAKDOWN BY COUNTRY OF ASSISTANCE TO INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IN 1983
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio ECU)
Member Linked to T ransport Te 1ecommu- Ene rgy Water Envi ronment Education, Total
State productive nications eng inee ring socio-
activities cui tura I
B 2.36 1.76 0.00 0.00 1.12 1.46 0.36 7.07OK 0.00 14.24 0.40 3.25 1.14 0.00 0.07 19.12D 8.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.81 0.00 0.33 10.51GR 8.76 56.12 17.21 238.82 20.57 0.00 2.80 344.29F 0.00 83.47 57.99 110.24 0.10 0.00 1.58 253.39IRL 0.00 37.68 16.50 0.00 23.74 0.00 0.00 77.921 135.03 67.57 0.00 262.76 300.04 0.50 1.97 767.87L 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00NL 2.61 15.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.29 18.98UK 45.87 136.06 58.61 28.73 86.35 8.45 16.11 380.17
EUR 10 203.00 411.99 150.71 643.81 434.87 10.41 24.53 1 879.32
Some of the figures in this table are estimates, but only where projects covered by global applications areconce rned.
These figures are therefore only approximate.

oo
TABLE 37
BREAKDOWN OF ASSISTANCE TO INDUSTRY,  
CRAFT INDUSTRY AND SERVICE SECTORS,  
BY COUNTRY, IN 1983  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
(Mio ECU
Member Energy M1  ne ra 1 Metal processing Other manufac- BuiIding and Services Tota 1
State products and instrument engi- turing Indus- civil
by-products. neering tries eng ineering
cnemica1s
B 0.00 0.38 0.20 0.78 0.06 0.00 1.42
DK 0.00 0.19 0.21 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.83
D 0.00 4.02 17.89 11.15 0.00 0.17 33.22
GR 0.00 2.35 2.30 3.87 0.00 2.58 11.10
F 0.00 3.96 18.34 9.74 0.00 0.00 32.04
IRL 0.00 0.00 23.95 0.32 0.00 0.00 24.28
1 0.00 15.20 15.62 19.65 0.00 0.60 51.06
L 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
NL 0.00 0.49 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.23 1.08
UK 2.28 13.16 33.80 26.29 0.09 0.05 75.66
EUR 10 2.28 39.75 112.31 72.58 0.15 3.62 230.69
Some of the figures in this table are estimates but only where projects covered by global applications are  
concerned. These figures are therefore only approximate.
1

co
ft
f tH·m
ft
H -Oe »TABLE 38
BUDGETARY SITUATION 1983  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
1. USE OF COMMITMENT APPROPRIATIONS
(Mio ECU)
Commitment appropriations available for 1983 Use in 
1983Appropriations
ava i  Iab le  
at 31.12.83Appropriations
entered 
in 1983 
budgetApproprlations
outstanding
from
1982
(1)Appropriations made available by:
Tota 1 release of  
previous 
commi tmentsexch. rate fluc­
tuations affect­
ing amounts pre­
viously releasedCommi tments  
made 
(2)
1 909.50 78.82 92.6»» 83.33 2 164.29 2 121.61 42.68O.0 >ft»
V O00Ijt
1
MVO
Ul
V O
O DU2. USE OF PAYMENT APPROPRIATIONS
(Mio ECU)
Payment appropriations available in 1983 Payments made in 1983 Payment appropriations unused  
at 31.12.1983
Carry-over 1981  
(1) (b)Appropriations  
for 1983Tota 1 Out of carry­
over from 1982Out of appropr.  
for 1983Tota 1 Out of carry-over  
from 1982Out of appro­
priations for 1983
97.96 1 180.00 1 277.96 97.96 1 148.64 1 246.60 - 31.36Wm cs i
►* 1  P I
• H
C O  § o
SCO U  
M  M
__ U
w §
3. COMMITMENTS MADE.PI «O P) 00(Mio ECU) 3
Commitments Amounts Commitments made in 1983 (2) Unpaid Commitments Commitments
1975-1982
unpaid
at
1.1.1983re I  eased  
and adjust­
ments from 1982Out of appropr.  
outstanding  
from 1982Out of appropr.  
from 1982Tota 1commi tments  
1975-1982 +  
1983
commi tmentspaid in 
1983still to be  
paid at 
31.12.83
3 018.84 175.97 254.79 1 866.82 2 121.61 4 964.48 1 246.60 3 717.88
(1) including cominitment appropr/ations totalling 73.25 million ECU transferred from specific Community measures  
to support measures
o  (2) Less adjustments for exchange-rate variations (7.90 million ECU)

TABLE 39
BREAKDOWN OF PAYMENTS IN EACH YEAR BY MEMBER STATE  
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
Member
StateX ofpayments made
1975 1976197719781979198019811982 1983
B 0.01.70.82.30.60.91.21.1 0.6
OK 1.71.51.60.51.81.31.31.5 1.3
D 0.03.66.716.6 9.06.94.66.5 3.6
GR- - - - - -15.416.0 17.2
F 17.812.112.316.020.213.77.913.3 17.2
IRL 7.76.85.98.06.49.610.0 9.6 7.3
1 48.942.740.130.828.034.326.629.1 27.6
L 0.20.20.10.10. 10.10.10.1 0.0
NL 3.12.30.82.51.71.10.70.3 1.5
UK 20.629.131.723.232.232.132.222.5 23.6
EUR 10 100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0 100.0

enet
&
F ·0 1rtH-O0 »
O-»
VO00
OJ
1
SO
U»
I» - »
00taTABLE 40
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OP ASSISTANCE 1975-1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
Member State 1ndustry. service Infrastructure Stud ies Tota 1
and eraft
Region Mio BFR Mio ECU Mio BFR Mio ECU MioBFRMioECUMo BFR Mio ECU
BELG 1QUE/BELG1 ë 1 136.0827.792193.48530417.00 0.373346.568120
Vlaanderen 665.7716.041061.732559 - -1727.504163
Wal 1  on i  e 470.3111.751131.75274517.00 0.371619.063957
Mio DKR Mio ECU Mio DKR Mio ECU MioDKRMioECUMo DKR Mio ECU
DANMARK 73.61 9.79708.52924440.46 5.05822.59107.28
Grønland 620.85811840.46 5.05661.3186.23
Other regions 73.61 9.7987.671126 “ “ 161.282105
Mio DM Mio ECU Mio DM Mio ECU MioDMMioECUMo DM Mio ECU
DEUTSCHLAND 607.44243.54483.18192010.03 0.011090.6543556
Sch1esw i  g-Ho1ste i  n 86.4434.6762.292438 - -148.735905
Bremen 2.44 0.95 162 065 - “ 4.OB 160
Nordrhein-Westfalen 56.8122.8128.531150 - - 85.343431
Hessen 39.2615.7930.711215 - 69.972794
Rheinland-PfaIz 600223.95 6.46 254 - 66.482649
Baden-Württemberg 252610.0617.33 696 - - 42.591702
Bayern 966738.75137.195451 “233.869326
Saarland 1190947.7732.601299 - -151696076
Be r11n 54.852187 - - 54.852187
Niedersachsen 1214548.791116044460.03 0.01233.089326
Mrd DR Mio ECU Mrd DR Mio ECU MrdDRMioECUMrd DR Mio ECU
ELLAS 23033.6256.02796430.015 0.24 58.3283029
Ana. Ster. Kai Ni so i 001 0.20 4.5871750.003 0.05 4.597200
Kentr. Dyt. Makedonia 014 2.0524.7032002 - - 24.8432207
Pel op. Dyt. Ste El las 022 2.89 7.7311199 - “ 7.9511488
Thessa1ia 020 2.44 4.166305 - - 4.366549
Anatoliki Makedonia 015 195 2.563821 - - 2.714016
Krltl 006 0.90 3.044629 - - 3.104719
Iplros 041 5.92 2.613905 - - 3.024497
Thraki 053 8.40 2.233577 - - 2.7644.17
Nisoi Anat. Agaiou 022 3.11 2.9947450.004 0.05 3.2150.61
Multi-regional 036 5.76 14222850.008 0.  14 1.7828.75
Ota

TABLE 40
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF ASSISTANCE 1975-1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES 
(CONTINUED)
Member State 1  ndustry. serv i  ce Infrastructure Studies Tota 1
and craft
Région Mio FF Mio ECU Mio FF Mio ECU Mio FF MioECUMio FF Mio ECU
FRANCE 1  799.82303256 863421  11262 - -8 663.24 1 415.87
Haute-Normandie 3.82 060 - - 3.82 0.60
Basse-Normand ie 37.31 626105.21 1691- -142.52 23.17
Picard ie 6.73 110 240 035- - 9.13 1.45
Champagne-Ardenne 35.62 614 426 062 - - 39.88 6.76
Bourgogne 4.14 072 - - 4.14 0.72
Centre 10.09 166 786 117- - 17.95 2.83
Nord-Pas-de-Calais 419.01723176221205 - -495.23 84.36
Bretagne 118.1719531 3122321728 - -1 430.40 236.81
Pays-de-La-Loi re 207.263373331605526 - 538.86 88.99
Po i  tou-Charentes 86.801435246594056 - -333.39 54.91
Lorra ine 286.9248.89 124532034- -411.45 69.23
Alsace 33.84 578 030 005 - - 34.14 5.83
France-Comté 0.48 008 - - 0.48 0.08
Limousin 27.32 455329835494 - -357.15 59.49
Aquitaine 127.592116353785837 - -481.37 79.53
Midi-Pyrénées 83.8213958422313309 - -926.05 147.04
Auvergne 43.28 733489928190 - -533.20 89.23
Rhône-A1pes 115.6919396111 915- -176.80 28.54
Languedoc-Roussi 1  Ion 57.34 962379756187 “ -437.09 71.49
Provence-Côte-d1  Azur 9.51 161 075 011 - - 10.26 1.72
Corse 4.18 063287104707 • •291.28 47.70
Guadeloupe 22.97 395467877485- -490.84 78.80
Guyane 22.63 387174382791 - -197.01 31.78
Martinique 18.91 324430816941 - -449.72 72.65
Réunion 16.39 280618459663- -634.84 99.43
Hultf-regiona i * * 216243273 •216.24 32.73
Mio IRL Mio ECU Mio IRL Mio ECU Mio IRL MioECUMio IRL Mio ECU
IRELAND 105.601555227351398150.43 0.65379.54 554.32

TABLE 40
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF ASSISTANCE 1975-1983 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES 
(CONTINUED)
Member State
RegionIndustry, service 
and craft
Mrd LIT Mio ECUInfrastructure
Mrd LIT Mio ECUStudies
Mrd LIT Mio ECUTota I
Mrd LIT Mio ECU
ITALIA
Frluli-Ven. Giulia
Toscana
Marche
Lazio
Abruzzi
Molise
Campania
Pug I  la
Basi Iicata
Calabria
Sicilia
Sardegna
Multi-reg i  onaI448.44 381403 904823 157.76
_516245.55
1.11 100 186814.00
21.82 1781 462438.45
77.09 66041105790.77
89.40 743712494101.08
5.40 466 647251.49
88.33 74341 23434978.32
88.74 787828747231.23
15.06 124917253132.40
14.61 117144530356.90
33.16 285265573538.90
13.72 116825588214.26
- 43680364.419.31 7.824 362.573 546.98
51.6245.55
- 19.7915.00
- 68.0656.26
• 187.66156.81
- 214.34175.45
- 70.1256.15
6.74 5.631 329.411 058.29
- 376.21310.01
- 187.59144.89
- 459.91368.61
0.24 0.19 689.13567.61
2.33 2.00 27193227.94
- 436.80364.41
Mio LFR Mio ECU Mio LFR Mio ECU Mio LFR Mio ECU Mio LFR Mio ECU
LUXEMBOURG 296.04 7.24 296.04 7.24
Mio HFL Mio ECU Mio HFL Mio ECU Mio HFL Mio ECU Mio HFL Mio ECU
NEDERLAND
Noord-Nederland
Oost-Nederland
Limburg
UNITED KINGDOM 
North
Yorkshire Humberside
East Midlands
South West
West Midlands
North West
Wales
Scot land
Northern Ireland 
Multi-reg i  onaI
EUR 1049.87
29.92
19.9518.30
11.07
7.23277.00
186.20
7.50
83.30102.20
68.51
2.77
30.920.17
0.170.07
0.07327.04
216.29
7.50
103.25120.57
79.65 
2.77 
38.15
Mio UKL Mio ECU Mio UKL Mio ECU Mio UKL Mio ECU Mio UKL Mio ECU
327.33
77. 14 
6.37 
2.52 
3.27
33.85
46.55
73.01
54.62
30.00533.06
127.01 
10.13 
4.03 
5.16
53.97
78.17
121.76
88.55
44.28
1  706.27938.90 1  579.93
169.20 
74.83 
10.74 
34.86
4.19
112.20 
152.68 
275.91 
104.29283.09
125.28
18.88
58.98
7.25
189.73
256.94
466.66
173.12
7 491.821.72
0.28 
0.20 
0.  12 
0.06
0.57 
0.30 
0. 18 
0.012.96
0.47 
0.34 
0.21 
0.10
1 .00 
0.52 
0.30 
0.021 267.95 2 115.95
246.62
81.40
13.38
38.19
4.19
146.05
199.80
349.22
159.09
30.01410.57
135.75
23.12
64.24
7.25
243.70
336.11
588.94
261.97
44.30
17.17 9 215.26to
OlII - *
V O
00U>

TABLE 41
REGIONAL BREAKDOWN OF POPULATION AND 
OF AID PER CAPITA 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES
Member Population 1981 Aid per capita
State x 1000 1983 1975/83
ECU ECU
BELGIQUE/BELGIË
Vlaanderen 5634 11 7.4
Wallonie 3222 09 12.3
DANMARK
Grönland 51 42291 690.8
Other regions 3332 03 6.3
DEUTSCHLAND
Schleswig-Holstein 2616 16 22.6
Bremen 693 2.3
Nordrhein-Westfalen 17049 03 2.0
Hessen 5605 06 5.0
Rheinland-Pfalz 3642 13 7.3
Baden-Württemberg 9275 03 1.8
Bayern 10942 09 8.5
Saarland 1065 52 57.1
Berlin 1892 11.6
NiederSachsen 7262 13 12.8
ELLAS
Ana. Ster. Kai Nisoi 3982 18 18.1
Kentr.Dyt.  Makedonia 1680 1509 191.7
Pelop. Dyt. Ste. Ella 1287 328 89.3
Thessalia 695 229 94.2
Anatoliki Makedonia 426 233 94.3
Kriti 501 172 94.2
Ipiros 443 259 101.5
Thraki 346 75 127.7
Nisoi Anat. Agaiou 348 117 145.4
106 ERDF

TABLE 41
REGIONAL BREAKDOWN OF POPULATION AND 
OF AID PER CAPITA 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES 
(CONTINUED)
Member Population 1981 Aid per capita
State x 1000 1983 1975/83
ECU ECU
FRANCE
Haute-Normandie 1643 0.2 0.4
Basse-Normandie 1342 4.5 17.3
Picardie 1728 0.3 0.8
Champagne-Ardenne 1340 0.5 5.0
Bourgogne 1588 0.5
Centre 2246 0.6 1.3
Nord-Pas-de-Calais 3914 1.1 21.6
Bretagne 2688 110 88.1
Pays de la Loire 2905 60 30.6
Poitou-Charentes 1559 69 35.2
Lorraine 2311 35 30.0
Alsace 1556 02 3.8
Franche-Comté 1078 0.1
Limousin 735 122 80.9
Aquitaine 2638 52 30.2
Midi-Pyrénées 2312 235 63.6
Auvergne 1328 76 67.2
Rhônes-Alpes 4975 1.7 5.7
Languedoc-Roussillon 1906 8.5 37.5
Provence-Côte-d'Azur 3923 0.0 0.4
Corse 238 11.8 200.4
Guadeloupe 328" 43.0 240.2
Guyane 73* 88.1 435.3
Martinique 326* 29.2 222.9
Réunion 515* 80.6 193.1
IRELAND 3443 29.7 161.0
(*) figures 1982
Statistical data: 1983 and 1975-1983 107

TABLE 41
REGIONAL BREAKDOWN OF POPULATION AND 
OF AID PER CAPITA 
ERDF, SUPPORT MEASURES 
(CONTINUED)
Member Population 1981 Aid per capita
State x 1000 1983 1975/83
ECU ECU
ITALIA
Friuli-Venezia Giulia 1243 36.7
Toscana 3601 3.3 4.2
Marche 1422 56 39.6
Lazio 5101 6.4 30.7
Abruzzi 1247 311140.7
Molise 335 610167.6
Campania 5508 529192.1
Puglia 3956 205 78.4
Basilicata 619 1449234.1
Calabria 2093 508176.1
Sicilia 5039 165112.6
Sardegna 1615 172141.1
LUXEMBOURG 365 - 19.8
NEDERLAND
Noord Nederland 1572 88 50.7
Oost-Nederland 2828 1.0
Limburg 1075 59 35.5
UNITED KINGDOM
North 3099 185132.5
Yorkshire/Humberside 4889 56 27.8
East Midlands 3829 19 6.0
South-West 4355 46 14.8
West Midlands 5157 13 1.4
North-West 6421 115 38.0
Wales 2797 295120.2
Scotiand 5120 284115.0
Northern Ireland 1555 247168.5
108 ERDF

B .0  BIBLIOGRAPHY (1983 PUBLICATIONS)
B .l EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
• Proposal for a Council Regulation (EEC) amending Regulation (EEC) No 
724/75 establishing an European Regional Development Fund (O.J. No C 
360, 31.12.1983).
• The ERDF in figures (XVI/107/84)
B.2 COMMUNITY MEASURES IN SUPPORT OF MEMBER STATES'  REGIONAL POLICY MEASURES
• Council Decision 83/595/CEE of 29 November 1983 enabling the European 
Regional Development Fund to exceed the 70% limit for infrastructure 
investment projects for the period 1981 to 1983 (O.J. L 340, of 6 
December 1983, page 24.)
• Commission communications on grants from the European Regional
Development Fund: 1982 first and second allocation O.J. C 85, of 28
March 1983; 1982 third allocation, O.J. C 174, of 1 July 1983; 1982 
fourth allocation, O.J. C 198, of 25 July 1983; 1983 first and second 
allocations O.J. C 297, of 3 November 1983.
B.3 SPECIFIC COMMUNITY REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT MEASURES
• Second series of specific Community regional development measures under
Article 13 of the ERDF Regulation;
• Proposals for Council Regulations (O.J. C 15, of 19 January 1983, pp 10
- 30);
a. Amending Regulation (EEC) No 2615/80 instituting a specific
Community regional development measure on the development of
certain French and Italian regions in the context of Community 
enlargement;
b. Instituting a specific Community measure contributing to the 
development of certain Greek regions in the context of Community 
enlargement;
c. Amending Regulation (EEC) No 2616/80 instituting a specific
Community regional development measure contributing to overcoming 
constraints on the development of new economic activities in
certain zones adversely affected by the restructuring of the steel 
industry;
d. Amending Regulation (ECC) No 2617/80 instituting a specific
Community regional development measure contributing to overcoming 
constraints on the development of new economic activities in
certain zones adversely affected by the restructuring of the 
shipbuilding industry;
e. Amending Regulation (EEC) No 2618/80 instituting a specific
Community regional development measure contributing to improving
Bibliography (1983 publications) 109

the security of the supply of energy in certain regions of the 
Community by better use of new technologies for hydroelectric power 
and alternative energy sources;
f. instituting a specific Community regional development measure 
contributing to overcoming constraints on the development of new 
economic activities in certain zones adversely affected by the 
restructuring of the textile and clothing industry;
• Amendments to the proposals for Council Regulations (O.J. C 291 of 27
October 1983, pp 4 - 7).
a. Amending Regulation (EEC) No 2615/80 instituting a specific
Community measure contributing to the development of certain French 
and Italian regions in the context of Community enlargement;
b. Amending Regulation (EEC) No 2616/80 instituting a specific
Community regional development measure contributing to overcoming 
constraints on the development of new economic activities in
certain zones adversely affected by restructuring of the steel 
industry;
c. Amending Regulation (EEC) No 2617/80 instituting a specific
Community regional development measure contributing to overcoming 
constraints on the development of new economic activities in
certain zones adversely affected by restructuring of the
shipbuilding industry;
d. Instituting a specific Community regional development measure
contributing to overcoming constraints on the development of new 
activities in certain zones adversely affected by restructuring of 
the textile and clothing industry.
B . 4 MISCELLANEOUS
• Regional development and the European Community ("European File", 
document No 18/83 of November 1983, published by the Office for Official 
Publications of the European Communities, Catalogue No CC-AD-83-018).
B.5 URBAN RENEWAL IN BELFAST
• Council Regulation (EEC) No 1739/83 of 21 June 1983 introducing an 
exceptional Community measure to promote urban renewal in Northern 
Ireland (Belfast).
(O.J. No L 171, of 29 June 1983, page 1).
B.6 INTEGRATED MEDITERRANEAN PROGRAMMES
• Proposal for a Council Regulation instituting integrated Mediterranean 
programmes
(O.J.No C 251, of 19 September 1983).
• The Commission's proposals for the integrated Mediterranean programmes, 
Parts I and II - COM (83)24 of 17 March 1983
B .7 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES
• Regional development programme (second generation) for Denmark, 
1981-1985
110 ERDF

(document of the Office for Official Publications of the European 
Communities, No CB-NS-81-023).
• Regional development programme (second generation) for Greenland, 
1981-1984.
(document of the Office for Official Publications of the European
Communities, No CB-36-82-556).
• Regional development programme for Greece, 1981-1985
(document of the Office for Official Publications of the European
Communities, No CB-36-82-532).
• Regional development programme (second generation) for Ireland, 
1981-1985
(document of the Office for Official Publications of the European
Communities, No CB-37-83-902).
• Regional development programme for Italy (Mezzogiorno) 1981-1985
(document of the Office for Official Publications of the European
Communities, No CB-36-82-524).
B .8 SUPPLEMENTARY MEASURES IN FAVOUR OF THE UNITED  KINGDOM (SMUK)
• Council Regulation (EEC) No 624/83 of 15 March 1983 amending Regulation 
(EEC) No 2744/80 establishing supplementary measures in favour of the 
United Kingdom.
(O.J. L 73, of 19 March 1983, page 6).
• Commission Decisions of 23 March 1983 granting financial assistance 
within the framework of the supplementary measures established in 
favour of the United Kingdom (O.J. L 98, of 16 April 1983, pp 18 - 32):
- No 83/151/CEE, North of England
- No 83/152/CEE, North West of England
- No 83/153/CEE, South West of England
- No 83/154/CEE, Yorkshire and Humberside
- No 83/155/CEE, Scotland
- No 83/156/CEE, Wales
- No 83/157/CEE, Northern Ireland
• Commission Decision No 83/654/CEE of 8 December 1983, amending the 
Commission Decisions of 23 March 1983 granting financial assistance 
within the framework of the supplementary measures established in 
favour of the United Kingdom (North of England, Yorkshire and 
Humberside, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland). (O.J. L 375, of 31 
December 1983, page 1).
B.9 INCREASED EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COMMUNITY’ S STRUCTURAL  
FUNDS
• Report COM (83) 501 of 28 July 1983, published in the Bulletin of the 
European Communities, Supplement 3/83.
Bibliography (1983 publications) 111

C .0  SYMBOLS AND ABREVIATION USED
ERDF European Regional Development Fund
< less than
> more than
% percentage
Mio million
Mrd '000 million
ECU European Currency Unit
DM German mark
DOM French overseas department
FF French franc
EAGGF European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund
ESF European Social Fund
LIT Italian lira
HFL Dutch guilder
BFR Belgian franc
LFR Luxembourg franc
UKL Pound sterling
IRL Irish pound
DKR Danish krone
DR Greek drachma
GDP Gross domestic product (at market prices)
ECSC European Coal and Steel Community
EUR 10 All member countries of the European Communities
NACE General industrial classification of economic activities within
the European Communities
SME Small and medium-sized enterprises
RDP Regional development programme
IDP Integrated development programme
IMP Integrated Mediterranean programmes
NCI New Community Instrument
EIB European Investment Bank
EMS European Monetary System
SMUK Supplementary measures in favour of the United Kingdom
B Belgium
DK Denmark
D Germany
6R Greece
F France
IRL Ireland
I Italy
L Luxembourg
NL Netherlands
UK United Kingdom
Symbols and abréviation used 113

D.O ECU RATES AT 1 DECEMBER 1983
O.J. nr C 328/1 of 2 December 1983
CURRENCY AMOUNT FOR 1 ECU:
Belgian franc convertible
Luxembourg franc convertible
Belgian franc financial
Luxembourg franc financial
German Mark
Dutch guilder
Pound sterling
Danish Krone
French franc
Italian lira
Irish pound
Greek drachma45.914300
45.914300
46.515800
46.515800 
2.261450 
2.532230 
0.573348 
8.171810 
6.875300
1370.280000
0.727418
81.336700
ECU rates at 1 December 1983 115

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 ERDF allocations 1975-1983 .............................  2
Ta
ble 2 Grants to Member States 1975-1983 by investments category 4 
Table 3 Number of projects benefiting from aid in 1975-1983 ... 5
Table 4 Grants to priority regions in 1983 and from 1975 to 1983 6
Table 5 Forecasts of jobs created or maintained in 1983 and from
1975 to 1983   8
Table 6 Outcome of examination of projects in 1983   15
Table 7 Number of projects benefiting from aid in 1983 ...... 16
Ta
ble 8 Aid granted in 1983   18
Table 9 Size breakdown of industrial, craft industry and service
project aid and investment in 1983   27
Table 10 Studies (article 12) financed in 1983 and from 1980 to
1983   29
Table 11 Available funds for commitment 1983 ..................  30
Ta
ble 12 Amounts committed by type of investment in 1983 .... 31
Table 13 Balances of commitment appropriations outstanding each
year-end from 1975 to 1983 ....................................... 32
Table 14 Use of commitment appropriations in 1983   33
Table 15 Payments made in 1983 Commitments still to be paid at the
end of 1983   34
Table 16 Payments made in 1983 against 1975-1983 commitments .  .  35
Table 17 Payment appropriations since 1975   36
Table 18 Infrastructure project signboards erected from 1975 to
1983   40
Table 19 Commitments and payments 1981-1983   47
Table 20 Available funds and commitments 1983   48
Table 21 The fifteen regions receiving the bulk of ERDF assistance 52
Table 22 Regional distribution of grants made in 1983   72
Table 23 Assistance applied for in 1983   86
Table 24 Number of projects for which grant applications were
submitted in 1983   87
Table 25 Total ERDF assistance in 1983 and 1975-1983   88
Table 26 Number of projects assissted in 1983   89
Table 27 Number of projects assisted 1975-1983   90
Table 28 Aid granted in 1983   91
Table 29 Aid granted 1975-1983   92
Table 30 Investments for which assistance was granted in 1983 .  .  93
Table 31 Investments for which assistance was granted 1975-1983 .  94
Table 32 Breakdown of assistance by type of infrastructure in 1983 95
Table 33 Breakdown of assistance by type of infrastructure
1975-1983   96
Table 34 Breakdown of assistance by industry, craft industry and
service sector in 1983   97
Table 35 Breakdown of assistance by industry, craft industry and
service sector 1975-1983 .......................................  98
Ta
ble 36 Breakdown by country of assistance to infrastructure
projects in 1983   99
Table 37 Breakdown by country of assistance to industry, craft
industry and services in 1983  100
Table 38 Budgetary situation 1983   101
Table 39 Breakdown of payments in each year by Member State .  .  .  102
Table 40 Regional distribution of assistance 1975-1983   103
Table 41 Regional breakdwon of population and aid per capita .  .  106
List of tables 117

LIST OF MAPS
Map 1 Regional distribution of ERDF assistance to infrastructure
projects in 1983 ................................................. 21
Map 2 Regional distribution of ERDF assistance to industry, craft
industry and services in 1983 ................................... 25
Map 3 Regional distribution of ERDF assistance in 1983 .....  53
Map 4 Regional distribution of ERDF assistance per capita in 1983 54
List of maps 119

LIST OF GRAPHS
Graph 1 Assistance granted by country in 1983 (infrastructure and
industry) .......................................................  20
Gr
aph 2 Aid granted to the leading ten types of infrastructures in
1983 .............................................................  23
Gr
aph 3 Aid granted to the leading ten industrial sectors in 1983 28
List of graphs 121

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 ERDF grants since the Fund's establishment in 1975 up to
1983 .............................................................  3
Fi
gure 2 Assistance granted by country in 1983 ................  19
Li
st of figures 123

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Box 1 Illustration 1   41
Box 2 Illustration 2   42
Box 3 Illustration 3   43
Box 4 Illustration 4   44
List of illustrations 125