[pic] | COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES |

Brussels, 1.8.2006

SEC(2006) 1053

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT

Annex to the:

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

on the implementation of Council Regulation (EEC) No 259/93 of 1 February 1993 on the supervision and control of shipments of waste within, into and out of the European CommunityGeneration, treatment and transboundary shipment of hazardous waste and other waste in the Member States of the European Union, 1997-2000{COM(2006) 430 final}

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Annex A: Data on generation, treatment and shipment of hazardous waste in the EUMember States 4

1. Introduction 4

2. Generation of hazardous wastes 5

3. Shipment of hazardous wastes out of Member States 9

4. Shipment of hazardous wastes into Member States 20

Annex B: Summary of the data supplied by the Member States on the basis of the BaselConvention questionnaire 30

Question 1a: Designated Competent Authority to the Basel Convention 30

Question 1b: Designated Focal Point to the Basel Convention 30

Question 2a: National definition of waste used for the purpose of transboundarymovements of waste 30

Question 2.b: National definition of hazardous waste used for the purpose of transboundary movements of waste 31

Question 2.c: Regulate/control of additional wastes as hazardous that are not includedin Art. 1 (1)a of the Basel Convention and are controlled for the purposeof transboundary movements pursuant to Art. (1)b 31

Question 2.d: Other wastes that require special consideration when subjectedto transboundary movement 32

Question 3.a: Implementation of the amendment to the Basel Convention (Decision III/1) 32

Question 3.b: Restrictions on the export of hazardous wastes and other wastes for finaldisposal (Annex IV A) 33

Question 3.c: Restrictions on the export of hazardous wastes and other wastes for recovery (Annex IV B) 33

Question 3.d: Restrictions on the import of hazardous wastes and other wastes for finaldisposal (Annex IV A) 34

Question 3.e: Restrictions on the import of hazardous wastes and other wastes for recovery (Annex IV B) 35

Question 3.f: Restrictions on the transit of hazardous wastes and other wastes 35

Question 4.a: Use and acceptance of the document forms of the Basel Conventionin the control of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and other wastes 35

Question 4.b: Acceptable language(s) to receive the Notification and Movement documentforms 36

Question 4.c: Additional information requirements in addition to those listedunder Annex V (A and B) of the Basel Convention 37

Question 4.d: Border control of export/import/transit of hazardous wastes and otherwastes is established 38

Question 5.: Measures taken for the reduction and/or elimination of the amountof hazardous wastes and other wastes generated 39

Question 6.: Measures taken for the reduction of the amount of hazardouswastes and other wastes subject to the transboundary movement: 59

Question 7: Information on the effects of the generation, transportation and disposalof hazardous wastes and other wastes on human health and the environmentor information on where this could be found 67

Table 1: Information concerning bilateral, multilateral and regional agreementsand arrangements entered into pursuant to Article 11 of this Convention, 1999 70

Table 2 and 3: Authorised disposals and recovery/recycling/re-use options within national jurisdiction, 1999 72

Table 9: Disposals which did not proceed as intended, 1999 75

Table 10: Accidents occurring during the transboundary movement and disposalof hazardous wastes, 1999 78

Annex C: Competent authorities to the Basel Convention (2000) 80

Annex D: Y-codes for waste under the Basel Convention 85

ANNEX A: DATA ON GENERATION, TREATMENT AND SHIPMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE IN THE EU MEMBER STATES

1. INTRODUCTION

Table 1. Reporting by Member States

Country | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

Austria |

Belgium |

Denmark |

Finland |

France | *) | *) | *) | *) |

Germany |

Greece | *) |

Ireland |

Italy |

Luxembourg |

Netherlands |

Portugal |

Spain |

Sweden |

United Kingdom |

Basel Convention questionnaire supplied | Questionnaire not supplied |

*) The Member State did not fill in the questionnaire, but submitted a report on imports, exports and transits of hazardous waste.

2. GENERATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTES

Figure 1. Total generation of hazardous waste in the EU Member States

[pic]

Table 2. Total generation of hazardous waste in the Member States

1000 tonnes | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

Austria | 385 | 481 | 510 | 536 | 887 | 974 | 981 |

Belgium | 1,033 | 1,114 | 1,441 | 1,723[1] | 895[2] | 864² | 1,095² |

Denmark | 194 | 252 | 269 | 254 | 281 | 319 | 287 |

Finland | 500 | 485 | 586 | 638 | 1,203 |

France | 2,690[3] | 2,690 | 2,812 | 3,061 |

Germany | 9,093 | 9,093 | 12,128 | 13,837 | 14,366 | 13,507 | 14,937 |

Greece | 283 | 287 | 287[4] |

Ireland | 244 | 328 | 370³ | 370 | 3704 |

Italy | 2,708[5] | 3,401 | 4,058 | 3,811 | 3,911 |

Luxembourg | 17 | 37 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 34 | 36 |

Netherlands | 1,806 | 2,247 | 2,279 | 3,098 | 2,952 | 2,595 | 2,723 |

Portugal | 668 | 595 | 153 | 334 |

Spain | 3,394 | 3,294³ | 3,294 | 3,294 |

Sweden | 801³ | 801 | 1,001 | 1,0014 |

United Kingdom | 2,186 | 2,160 | 2,677 | 4,878 | 4,846 | 5,820 | 6,296 |

EU-15 | 36,322 | 40,616[6] |

Figure 2. Total generation of hazardous waste in the EU Member States (kg/capita)

[pic]

Table 3. Total generation of hazardous waste in the Member States (kg/capita)

Kg per capita | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

Austria | 48 | 60 | 63 | 65 | 110 | 120 | 122 |

Belgium | 113 | 122 | 157 | 187 |

Denmark | 37 | 48 | 52 | 49 | 53 | 60 | 54 |

Finland | 98 | 95 | 114 | 123 | 233 |

France | 46 | 48 | 52 |

Germany | 112 | 111 | 148 | 169 | 175 | 165 | 182 |

Greece | 27 | 27 |

Ireland | 70 | 91 | 100 |

Italy | 47 | 59 | 70 | 66 | 68 |

Luxembourg | 204 | 493 | 388 | 342 | 471 | 465 | 450 |

Netherlands | 117 | 146 | 147 | 199 | 188 | 164 | 171 |

Portugal | 67 | 60 | 15 | 33 |

Spain | 87 | 84 | 81 |

Sweden | 91 | 113 |

United Kingdom | 37 | 37 | 46 | 83 | 82 | 98 | 107 |

Figure 3. Waste generation in selected EU Member States, as distributed on Y-codes

[pic]

Table 4. Waste generation in selected EU Member States, as distributed on Y-codes

1000 tonnes | Y1-18 | Y19-45 | Y46-47 | Other | Mix |

Austria (2000) | 365 | 107 | 179 |

Belgium (1999) | 869 | 90 |

Germany (1998) | 17,188 |

Denmark (2000) | 166 | 41 | 3,670 |

Greece (1998) | 37 |

Ireland (1998) | 58 | 173 |

Netherlands (2000) | 1,914 | 140 | 93 |

Portugal (2000) | 140 | 170 | 4,513 |

Sweden (2000) | 3,600 |

3. SHIPMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES OUT OF MEMBER STATES

Table 5. Shipment of hazardous waste out of EU Member States

1000 tonnes | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

Austria | 46 | 67 | 114 | 106 |

Belgium | 223 | 318 | 743 | 1.430 |

Denmark | 114 | 137 | 149 | 182 |

Finland | 41 | 49 | 40 | 54 |

France | 203 | 147 | 112 | 184 |

Germany | 1,180 | 1,345 | 1,236 | 1,585 |

Greece | 1 | 1 | 11 | 12 |

Ireland | 641 | 98 | 145 | 137 |

Italy | 87 | 91 | 201 | 202 |

Luxembourg | 78 | 93 | 91 | 902 |

Netherlands | 402 | 498 | 760 | 1,236 |

Portugal | 34 | 57 | 391 | 70 |

Spain | 40 | 73 | 55 | 61 |

Sweden | 35 | 44 | 35 | 72 |

United Kingdom | 18 | 14 | 15 | 33 |

EU15 total3 | 2,566 | 3,032 | 3,736 | 5,435 |

1) From ‘Global trends in generation and transboundary movements of hazardous waste and other wastes’, Basel Convention, 2002.2) Estimated by the European Topic Centre for Resources and Waste Management (ETC/RWM).3) Tonnage of hazardous waste shipped to EU Member States from other Member States and third countries.

Figure 4. Shipment of hazardous waste out of EU Member States

[pic]

Table 6. Shipment of hazardous waste out of EU Member States (kg per capita)

1000 tonnes | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

Austria | 5.6 | 8.2 | 14.1 | 13.3 |

Belgium | 24.2 | 31.1 | 72.6 | 139.5 |

Denmark | 21.9 | 25.8 | 28.0 | 34.1 |

Finland | 8.1 | 9.6 | 7.8 | 10.4 |

France | 3.5 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 3.1 |

Germany | 14.4 | 16.4 | 15.1 | 19.3 |

Greece | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |

Ireland | 17.8 | 26.5 | 38.6 | 36.0 |

Italy | 1.5 | 1.6 | 3.5 | 3.5 |

Luxembourg | 187.3 | 218.9 | 211.4 | 205.5 |

Netherlands | 25.7 | 31.7 | 48.1 | 77.7 |

Portugal | 3.4 | 5.7 | 3.9 | 6.9 |

Spain | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.8 |

Sweden | 4.5 | 8.2 | 6.2 | 6.9 |

United Kingdom | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 |

EU15 average | 6.9 | 8.1 | 10.0 | 14.4 |

Figure 5. Shipment of hazardous waste out of Member States (kg per capita)

[pic]

Table 7. Hazardous waste shipped out of EU Member States in relation to generation

1000 Tonnes | ”Exported” 1 | Treated in country 2 | Generation |

Austria 2000 | 106 | 874 | 981 |

Belgium 1997 | 222 | 1501 | 1,723 |

Spain 2000 | 61 | 3233 | 3294 |

Germany 2000 | 1586 | 13352 | 14937 |

Denmark 2000 | 182 | 105 | 287 |

Finland 1999 | 54 | 1149 | 1203 |

Greece 1998 | 1 | 286 | 287 |

Ireland 1998 | 98 | 272 | 370 |

Netherlands 2000 | 1236 | 1487 | 2,723 |

Portugal 2000 | 70 | 265 | 334 |

Sweden 1998 | 72 | 929 | 1001 |

United Kingdom 2000 | 33 | 6,263 | 6,296 |

Figure 6. Hazardous waste shipped out of EU Member States in relation to generation

[pic]

Table 8. Shipment of hazardous waste and other wastes out of EU Member States

1000 tonnes | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

Austria | 49 | 68 | 115 | 114 |

Belgium | 240 | 324 | 748 | 1,430 |

Denmark | 114 | 137 | 149 | 225 |

Finland | 42 | 51 | 44 | 57 |

France | 203 | 147 | 112 | 192 |

Germany | 1,278 | 1,406 | 1,288 | 1,628 |

Greece | 1 | 1 | 11 | 12 |

Ireland | 641 | 98 | 145 | 137 |

Italy | 87 | 91 | 211 | 234 |

Luxembourg | 78 | 127 | 111 | 1102 |

Netherlands | 402 | 519 | 883 | 1,445 |

Portugal | 34 | 57 | 391 | 97 |

Spain | 40 | 73 | 55 | 61 |

Sweden | 35 | 44 | 35 | 72 |

United Kingdom | 18 | 14 | 15 | 33 |

EU15 total3 | 2,639 | 3,130 | 3,951 | 5,836 |

1) From ‘Global trends in generation and transboundary movements of hazardous waste and other wastes’, Basel Convention, 2002.2) Estimated by ETC/RWM.3) Tonnage of hazardous waste shipped to EU Member States from other Member States and third countries.

Figure 7. Shipment of hazardous waste and other wastes out of EU Member States

[pic]

Table 9. Shipment of hazardous waste and other wastes out of EU Member States (kg per capita)

1000 tonnes | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

Austria | 6.0 | 8.5 | 14.2 | 14.2 |

Belgium | 26.0 | 31.8 | 73.1 | 139.5 |

Denmark | 21.9 | 25.8 | 28.0 | 42.2 |

Finland | 8.2 | 9.8 | 8.4 | 11.1 |

France | 3.5 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 3.3 |

Germany | 15.6 | 17.1 | 15.7 | 19.8 |

Greece | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |

Ireland | 17.8 | 26.5 | 38.6 | 36.0 |

Italy | 0.7 | 1.1 | 3.7 | 4.1 |

Luxembourg | 187.3 | 298.4 | 257.8 | 251.1 |

Netherlands | 25.7 | 33.0 | 55.9 | 90.7 |

Portugal | 3.4 | 5.7 | 3.9 | 9.5 |

Spain | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.8 |

Sweden | 4.5 | 8.2 | 6.2 | 6.9 |

United Kingdom | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 |

EU15 average | 7.1 | 8.4 | 10.5 | 15.5 |

Figure 8. Shipment of hazardous waste and other wastes out of Member States (kg per capita)

[pic]

Table 10. Shipment of hazardous waste and other wastes out of Member States, as distributed on Y-codes in 2000

1000 tonnes | Y1-18 | Y19-45 | Y46-47 | Unknown | Mix | Total |

Austria | 55 | 51 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 114 |

Belgium | 171 | 555 | 0 | 704 | 0 | 1,430 |

Denmark | 18 | 56 | 43 | 109 | 0 | 225 |

Finland | 4 | 49 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 57 |

France | 66 | 38 | 8 | 80 | 0 | 192 |

Germany | 243 | 108 | 42 | 1,234 | 0 | 1,628 |

Greece (1998) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |

Ireland | 56 | 50 | 0 | 5 | 26 | 137 |

Italy | 16 | 69 | 33 | 115 | 1 | 234 |

Luxembourg (1999) | 32 | 60 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 111 |

The Netherlands | 559 | 129 | 208 | 548 | 0 | 1,445 |

Portugal | 54 | 10 | 27 | 6 | 0 | 97 |

Spain | 24 | 20 | 0 | 14 | 2 | 61 |

Sweden | 56 | 15 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 80 |

United Kingdom | 1 | 29 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 33 |

Figure 9. Shipment of hazardous waste and other wastes out of Member States, as distributed on Y-codes in 2000

[pic]

Table 11. Shipment of hazardous waste and other wastes out of AT, BE, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, NL, SE and UK, as distributed on Y-codes

1000 tonnes | Y1-18 | Y19-45 | Y46-47 | Unknown | Mix | Total |

1997 | 597 | 514 | 101 | 912 | 279 | 2,420 |

1998 | 648 | 695 | 92 | 1,121 | 252 | 2,808 |

1999 | 800 | 650 | 185 | 1,698 | 114 | 3,447 |

2000 | 1,199 | 1,049 | 313 | 2,701 | 2 | 5,264 |

Figure 10. Shipment of hazardous waste and other wastes out of AT, BE, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, NL, SE and UK, as distributed on Y-codes

[pic]

Table 12. Treatment of hazardous waste and other wastes shipped out of AT, BE, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, NL, PT and UK

1000 tonnes | Recovery | Disposal | No info. | Total |

1997 | 2,029 | 364 | 10 | 2,403 |

1998 | 2,479 | 230 | 99 | 2,808 |

1999 | 2,920 | 527 | 0 | 3,447 |

2000 | 4,370 | 887 | 0 | 5,256 |

Figure 11. Treatment of hazardous waste and other wastes shipped out of AT, BE, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, NL, PT and UK

[pic]

Table 13. Treatment of hazardous waste and other wastes shipped out of EU Member States in 2000

1000 tonnes | Recovery | Disposal | No info. | Total |

Austria | 91 | 23 | 0 | 114 |

Belgium | 1.070 | 360 | 0 | 1.430 |

Denmark | 106 | 119 | 0 | 225 |

Finland | 54 | 4 | 0 | 57 |

France | 173 | 19 | 0 | 192 |

Germany | 1.541 | 87 | 0 | 1.628 |

Greece (1998) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |

Ireland | 76 | 60 | 1 | 137 |

Italy | 103 | 51 | 80 | 234 |

Luxembourg (1999) | 92 | 19 | 0 | 111 |

Netherlands | 1.236 | 209 | 0 | 1.445 |

Portugal | 11 | 86 | 0 | 97 |

Spain | 37 | 24 | 0 | 61 |

Sweden | 30 | 43 | 0 | 72 |

United Kingdom | 33 | 0 | 0 | 33 |

Figure 12. Treatment of hazardous waste and other wastes shipped out of EU Member States in 2000

[pic]

Table 14. Shipment of hazardous waste and other wastes to EU, EFTA, OECD and non-OECD countries, in 1000 tonnes

1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

EU | 2,110 | 2,725 | 3,450 | 5,040 |

EFTA | 142 | 149 | 264 | 255 |

OECD (non-EFTA) | 190 | 173 | 87 | 88 |

Non-OECD | 75 | 45 | 113 | 157 |

Note: Waste exported to non-OECD countries is non-hazardous waste.

Figure 13. Shipment of hazardous waste and other wastes to EU, EFTA, OECD and non-OECD countries in 1000 tonnes

[pic]

Note: Waste exported to non-OECD countries is non-hazardous waste.

Table 15. Shipment of hazardous waste and other wastes to EU, EFTA, OECD and non-OECD countries in %

1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

EU | 84% | 88% | 88% | 91% |

EFTA | 6% | 5% | 7% | 5% |

OECD (non-EFTA) | 8% | 6% | 2% | 2% |

Non-OECD | 3% | 1% | 3% | 3% |

Note: Waste exported to non-OECD countries is non-hazardous waste.

Figure 14. Shipment of hazardous waste and other wastes to EU, EFTA, OECD and non-OECD countries in %

[pic]

Note: Waste exported to non-OECD countries is non-hazardous waste.

4. SHIPMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES INTO MEMBER STATES

Table 16. Shipment of hazardous waste into EU Member States, in 1000 tonnes

1000 tonnes | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

Austria | 27 | 21 | 20 | 28 |

Belgium | 549 | 313 | 437 | 857 |

Denmark | 55 | 44 | 84 | 116 |

Finland | 10 | 24 | 9 | 17 |

France | 411 | 514 | 536 | 728 |

Germany | 335 | 526 | 826 | 1,729 |

Greece | 8 | 9 | 71 | 82 |

Ireland | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |

Italy | 2581 | 5981 | 990 | 1,004 |

Luxembourg | 40 | 25 | 0 | 25 |

Netherlands | 277 | 338 | 238 | 219 |

Portugal | 3 | 6 | 8 | 5 |

Spain | 104 | 111 | 111 | 205 |

Sweden | 63 | 66 | 87 | 103 |

United Kingdom | 137 | 91 | 137 | 192 |

EU15 total3 | 2,277 | 2,687 | 3,490 | 5,237 |

1) From ‘Global trends in generation and transboundary movements of hazardous waste and other wastes’, Basel Convention, 2002.2) Estimated by ETC/RWM.3) Tonnage of hazardous waste shipped to EU Member States from other Member States and third countries.

Figure 15. Shipment of hazardous waste into EU Member States, in 1000 tonnes

[pic]

Table 17. Shipment of hazardous waste into EU Member States (kg per capita)

1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

Austria | 3.3 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 3.5 |

Belgium | 59.5 | 30.6 | 42.7 | 83.6 |

Denmark | 10.5 | 8.4 | 15.7 | 21.7 |

Finland | 1.9 | 4.6 | 1.8 | 3.3 |

France | 7.0 | 8.8 | 9.1 | 12.4 |

Germany | 4.1 | 6.4 | 10.1 | 21.0 |

Greece | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 |

Ireland | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.4 |

Italy | 4.5 | 10.4 | 17.2 | 17.4 |

Luxembourg | 94.9 | 58.1 | 0.6 | 57.1 |

The Netherlands | 17.7 | 21.5 | 15.0 | 13.7 |

Portugal | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 |

Spain | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 5.1 |

Sweden | 7.2 | 7.5 | 9.8 | 11.6 |

United Kingdom | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 3.3 |

EU15 average | 6.1 | 7.2 | 9.3 | 13.9 |

Figure 16. Shipment of hazardous waste into EU Member States (kg per capita)

[pic]

Table 18. Shipment of hazardous waste and other wastes into EU Member States, in 1000 tonnes

1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

Austria | 27 | 21 | 20 | 28 |

Belgium | 549 | 313 | 437 | 857 |

Denmark | 55 | 44 | 84 | 116 |

Finland | 11 | 25 | 13 | 18 |

France | 411 | 514 | 536 | 769 |

Germany | 543 | 673 | 1,044 | 1,985 |

Greece | 8 | 9 | 71) | 82) |

Ireland | 12) | 11) | 31) | 2 |

Italy | 258 | 598 | 990 | 1,004 |

Luxembourg | 40 | 25 | 0 | 252) |

The Netherlands | 277 | 453 | 469 | 409 |

Portugal | 3 | 6 | 81) | 5 |

Spain | 104 | 111 | 111 | 205 |

Sweden | 63 | 66 | 87 | 103 |

United Kingdom | 137 | 91 | 137 | 192 |

EU15 total3 | 2,485 | 2,950 | 3,947 | 5,724 |

1) From ‘Global trends in generation and transboundary movements of hazardous waste and other wastes’, Basel Convention, 2002.2) Estimated by ETC/RWM.3) Tonnage of haz. waste and other waste shipped to EU Member States from other M.S. and third countries.

Figure 17. Shipment of hazardous waste and other wastes into EU Member States, in 1000 tonnes

[pic]

Table 19. Shipment of hazardous waste and other waste into EU Member States (kg per capita)

1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

Austria | 3.3 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 3.5 |

Belgium | 59.5 | 30.6 | 42.7 | 83.6 |

Denmark | 10.5 | 8.4 | 15.7 | 21.7 |

Finland | 2.1 | 4.8 | 2.6 | 3.4 |

France | 7.0 | 8.8 | 9.1 | 13.1 |

Germany | 6.6 | 8.2 | 12.7 | 24.1 |

Greece | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 |

Ireland | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.4 |

Italy | 4.5 | 10.4 | 17.2 | 17.4 |

Luxembourg | 94.9 | 58.1 | 0.6 | 57.1 |

The Netherlands | 17.7 | 28.9 | 29.7 | 25.7 |

Portugal | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 |

Spain | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 5.1 |

Sweden | 7.2 | 7.5 | 9.8 | 11.6 |

United Kingdom | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 3.3 |

EU15 average | 6.7 | 7.9 | 10.5 | 15.2 |

Figure 18. Shipment of hazardous waste and other waste into EU Member States (kg per capita)

[pic]

Table 20. Shipment of hazardous waste and other waste into EU Member States, as distributed on Y-codes, 2000 (1000 tonnes)

Y1-18 | Y19-45 | Y46-47 | Unknown | Mix | Total |

Austria | 14 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 28 |

Belgium | 166 | 229 | 0 | 461 | 1 | 857 |

Denmark | 33 | 26 | 0 | 58 | 0 | 116 |

Finland | 5 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 18 |

France (1999) | 159 | 157 | 41 | 412 | 0 | 769 |

Germany | 354 | 261 | 255 | 1,115 | 0 | 1,985 |

Greece (1998) | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 |

Ireland | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |

Italy | 0 | 11 | 0 | 993 | 0 | 1.004 |

Luxembourg (1999) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

Netherlands | 105 | 25 | 190 | 89 | 0 | 409 |

Portugal | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |

Spain | 76 | 118 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 205 |

Sweden | 40 | 55 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 103 |

United Kingdom | 109 | 62 | 0 | 4 | 17 | 192 |

Figure 19. Shipment of hazardous waste and other waste into EU Member States, as distributed on Y-codes, 2000.

[pic]

Table 21. Shipment of hazardous waste and other waste to AT, BE, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, NL, SE and UK, as distributed on Y-codes (1000 tonnes)

Y1-18 | Y19-45 | Y46-47 | Unknown | Mix | Total |

1997 | 484 | 530 | 213 | 977 | 40 | 2,175 |

1998 | 564 | 519 | 278 | 511 | 557 | 2,429 |

1999 | 701 | 507 | 470 | 889 | 543 | 3,109 |

2000 | 1,061 | 956 | 487 | 2,159 | 18 | 4,681 |

Figure 20. Shipment of hazardous waste and other waste to AT, BE, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, NL, SE and UK, as distributed on Y-codes

[pic]

Table 22. Treatment of hazardous waste and other waste shipped to AT, BE, ES, DE, DK, FI, FR, NL, SE and UK (1000 tonnes)

Recovery | Disposal | No info | Total |

1997 | 1,727 | 410 | 38 | 2,175 |

1998 | 2,049 | 265 | 115 | 2,429 |

1999 | 2,606 | 494 | 9 | 3,109 |

2000 | 3,988 | 869 | 0 | 4,857 |

Figure 21. Treatment of hazardous waste and other waste shipped to AT, BE, ES, DE, DK, FI, FR, NL, SE and UK

[pic]

Table 23. Treatment of hazardous waste and other waste shipped into EU Member States, 2000 (1000 tonnes)

Recovery | Disposal | No info. | Total |

Austria | 17 | 11 | 0 | 28 |

Belgium | 772 | 84 | 0 | 857 |

Denmark | 108 | 8 | 0 | 116 |

Finland | 11 | 6 | 0 | 18 |

France (1999) | 569 | 200 | 0 | 769 |

Germany | 1,555 | 429 | 0 | 1,985 |

Greece (1998) | 9 | 0 | 0 | 9 |

Ireland | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |

Italy | 64 | 0 | 940 | 1,004 |

Luxembourg (1999) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

Netherlands | 384 | 24 | 0 | 409 |

Portugal | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 |

Spain | 121 | 84 | 0 | 205 |

Sweden | 278 | 1 | 0 | 279 |

United Kingdom | 172 | 20 | 0 | 192 |

Total 2000 | 4,067 | 869 | 940 | 5,876 |

Figure 22. Treatment of hazardous waste and other waste shipped into EU Member States, 2000

[pic]

Table 24. Shipment of hazardous waste and other waste into Member States from other EU and non-EU countries (1000 tonnes)

1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

EU | 1,959 | 2,219 | 3,599 | 4,559 |

EFTA | 182 | 159 | 403 | 470 |

OECD (non-EFTA) | 40 | 56 | 28 | 92 |

non-OECD | 36 | 34 | 70 | 61 |

Figure 23. Shipment of hazardous waste and other waste into Member States from other EU and non-EU countries (1000 tonnes)

[pic]

Table 25. Shipment of hazardous waste and other waste into Member States from other EU and non-EU countries, in %

1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |

EU | 88% | 90% | 88% | 88% |

EFTA | 8% | 6% | 10% | 9% |

OECD (non-EFTA) | 2% | 2% | 1% | 2% |

non-OECD | 2% | 1% | 2% | 1% |

Figure 24. Shipment of hazardous waste and other waste into Member States from other EU and non-EU countries, in %

[pic]

ANNEX B: SUMMARY OF THE DATA SUPPLIED BY THE MEMBER STATES ON THE BASIS OF THE BASEL CONVENTION QUESTIONNAIRE

ANNEX B OF THE REPORT PRESENTS A SUMMARY OF THE DATA SUPPLIED BY THE MEMBER STATES TO THE SECR etariat of the Basel Convention. The summary does not include all reported data, as this would just be a copy of the questionnaires. In many cases, the replies of the Member States were very similar due to the fact that the national regulation is based on EU law.

Therefore, in order to avoid repetitions, the procedure for each of the questions will be first to refer to the general EU legislation (which should be implemented in all Member States) and after that only add the specific information from Member States that goes beyond the generalia.

This part of the report does not cover information from France and Greece, as information has not been available from these countries for the period 1997-2000.

While the Basel Convention questionnaire speaks of transboundary ”movement” of waste, the following comments will in general use the term ”shipment” for the same activity, in accordance with Council Regulation (EEC) No 259/93 of 1 February 1993 on the supervision and control of shipments of waste within, into and out of the European Community (”Waste Shipment Regulation”, ”WSR”).

Questionnaire on “Transmission of Information” (in accordance with Articles 13 & 16 of the Basel Convention)

QUESTION 1A: DESIGNATED COMPETENT AUTHORITY TO THE BASEL CONVENTION |

ARTICLE 13(2) OF THE BASEL CONVENTION REQUIRES THE PARTIES TO INFORM EACH OTHER, THROUGH THE SECRetariat, of changes regarding the designation of competent authorities and/or focal points, pursuant to Article 5. A list of competent authorities to the Basel Convention can be found in Annex C. |

Question 1b: DESIGNATED FOCAL POINT TO THE BASEL CONVENTION |

THIS INFORMATION IS NOT GATHERED IN THIS REPORT, BUT THE MEMBER STATES HAVE PROVIDED INFORMATION ON FOCAL POINTS IN THEIR REPLIES. |

QUESTION 2A: NATIONAL DEFINITION OF WASTE USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENTS OF WASTE |

ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 1(A) OF THE EU WASTE FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 75/442/EEC, AS AMENDED BY COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 91/156/EEC), WASTE IS DEFINED AS FOLLOWS: "’Waste’ shall mean any substance or object in the categories set out in Annex I which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard.” Apart from Germany, all Member States indicated that they implemented the definition of waste as described in the Waste Framework Directive. Germany said in the questionnaires that it has no national definition of waste. This has, however, been corrected later on as being a misunderstanding. Instead, one points to the above definition in the Waste Framework Directive which, via the reference in the Waste Shipment Regulation, has direct effect also in German waste shipment law. |

Question 2.b: NATIONAL DEFINITION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENTS OF WASTE |

ARTICLE 13(2) OF THE CONVENTION REQUIRES THE PARTIES TO INFORM EACH OTHER OF ANY CHANGES IN THEIR National definition of hazardous wastes, pursuant to article 3 of the Basel Convention. On Community level, the relevant definition is contained in Council Directive 91/689/EEC of 12 December 1991 on hazardous waste. The Waste Shipment Regulation does not include a definition of its own. Where transboundary shipments of wastes for final disposal are concerned, the Regulation does not distinguish between hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Wastes for recovery are defined in Annexes II, III and IV of the Regulation, in accordance with the OECD definition. Nearly all Member States have answered that they do have a national definition of hazardous waste which, however, refers to the provisions of Community law. Germany said in the questionnaires originally that it had no national definition of hazardous waste. This has, however, been corrected later on as a misunderstanding. |

Question 2.c: REGULATE/CONTROL OF ADDITIONAL WASTES AS HAZARDOUS THAT ARE NOT INCLUDED IN ART. 1 (1)A OF THE BASEL CONVENTION AND ARE CONTROLLED FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENTS PURSUANT TO ART. (1)B |

The transboundary shipment of hazardous wastes is in all Member States regulated with direct effect by the Waste Shipment Regulation. Wastes listed in Annexes III and IV of the WSR that are destined for recovery operations are controlled as hazardous and highly hazardous wastes respectively (”amber” and ”red” wastes) for the purpose of transboundary shipments. A number of the wastes listed in these Annexes are not included within the scope of Article 1(1)a of the Basel Convention. Finland says that wastes that are considered to be hazardous are listed in the Ministry of the Environment Decision on the List of the Most Common Wastes and of Hazardous Wastes (867/1996). However, due to structural differences between the hazardous waste list and Annex I of the Basel Convention it is not possible to specify in detail which of these wastes are additional to Annex I. These additional wastes may contain, for example, the following constituents which potentially render wastes hazardous: certain metal compounds (like cobalt, nickel, silver, vanadium, tin), certain alkaline or alkaline earth metals (lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium in uncombined form), aromatic compounds, polycyclic and heterocyclic organic compounds, inorganic sulphides, peroxides, chlorates, perchlorate, creosotes, isocyanates or thiocyanates. |

Question 2.d: OTHER WASTES THAT REQUIRE SPECIAL CONSIDERATION WHEN SUBJECTED TO TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT |

As the UK points out in its reports, wastes destined for recovery operations that are not listed in Annexes II, III or IV of the WSR are subject to hazardous waste controls. Following the preamble to Annex II of the WSR, wasted listed in this ”green list of wastes” may be subject to hazardous waste controls if they are contaminated by other materials to an extent which increases the risks associated with the waste sufficiently to render it appropriate for inclusion in the amber or red lists, or prevents the recovery of the waste in an environmentally sound manner. Shipments of non-hazardous (green-listed) wastes for recovery to non-OECD countries may also be subject to hazardous waste control procedures according to the wishes of the importing country. Commission Regulation 1547/1999 (as amended) and Council Regulation 1420/1999 (as amended) set out the applicable control procedures for such shipments. The Netherlands say that unlisted wastes are controlled according to the most stringent procedure (i.e. red-list) Denmark indicates that waste destined for final disposal is subject to control procedures. Spain says that the following wastes, inter alia, are subject to controls (and, in many cases, bans) on transboundary shipments: - sludges from effluent treatment; - municipal/household wastes; - wastes from incineration of municipal/household wastes. Ireland, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg say no. |

Question 3.a: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AMENDMENT TO THE BASEL CONVENTION (DECISION III/1) |

DECISION III/I OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE BASEL CONVENTION, WHICH ADDED A NEW ANNEX VII TO THE CONVENTION PROHIBITING AS OF 1 JANUARY 1998 ALL EXPORTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE FOR RECOVERY TO NON-OECD COUNTRIES (”BASEL BAN”), WAS IMPLEMENTED IN EU LAW BY COUNCIL REGulation (EC) No. 120/97 of 20 January 1997., modifying Article 16 of the Waste Shipment Regulation accordingly. As the Regulation has direct effect, the Basel ban amendment is thereby implemented in all EU Member States. Apart from that, Austria ratified the two amendments to the Basel Convention (III/1 and IV/9) in 1999 (Fed. Law Gaz.III 2000/6). The amendments became effective in Austria on 26 October 1999. |

Question 3.b: RESTRICTIONS ON THE EXPORT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES FOR FINAL DISPOSAL (ANNEX IV A) |

EXPORT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE FOR final disposal is in all Member States regulated by Articles 14 and 15 of the Waste Shipment Regulation. According to the Regulation there is no restriction on the shipment of waste for disposal between the EU Member States, but the notifier needs to notify the competent authority of destination and send a copy to the competent authority of dispatch and of transit and to the consignee. The competent authority of destination shall within 30 days take its decision authorizing the shipment, with or without conditions, or refusing it. According to the Regulation, all exports of waste for disposal are prohibited, except to EFTA countries which are also parties to the Basel Convention. The following countries have given information on additional regulation: The Netherlands say the following restrictions apply for the country: Multi Year Plan on hazardous waste, Ten Year Program on waste (non-hazardous incl. household waste) The restrictions cover all countries. In general the Netherlands object to the export of all kinds of waste for final disposal. |

Question 3.c: RESTRICTIONS ON THE EXPORT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES FOR RECOVERY (ANNEX IV B) |

EXPORT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE FOR recovery is in all Member States regulated by Articles 16 and 17 of the Waste Shipment Regulation. Besides, Article 18 WSR prohibits all exports of waste, including those for recovery, to the so-called ACP States in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific. For the export of ”green-listed” non-hazardous waste for recovery there exist special rules laid down in Council Regulation (EC) No 1420/1999 of 29 April 1999 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1547/1999 of 12 July 1999. According to the Waste Shipment Regulation, there are no restrictions on the shipment of waste for recovery between the EU Member States, but the notifier needs to notify the competent authority of destination and send a copy to the competent authority of dispatch and of transit and to the consignee. The competent authorities of destination, dispatch and transit have 30 days to object to the shipment. Exports of hazardous waste from Member States to non-OECD-countries for recovery are prohibited. The export of non-hazardous waste for recovery to those countries is subject to the special Regulations cited above, listing specifically which type of waste may be exported to which country, and which control procedure shall apply. |

Question 3.d: RESTRICTIONS ON THE IMPORT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES FOR FINAL DISPOSAL (ANNEX IV A) |

THE IMPORT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE FOR final disposal is in all Member States regulated by Article 19of the Waste Shipment Regulation.According to this, the import of wastes for final disposal from non-Parties of the Basel Convention, except from OECD-countries or countries with which bilateral agreements exist, is prohibited. The following Member States have given information on additional regulation: The Netherlands: Multi Year Plan on hazardous waste, Ten Year Program on waste (non-hazardous incl household waste). The restrictions cover all countries. In general the Netherlands does not allow import for final disposal. Finland: Government Decision on the Part of the National Waste Plan concerning Transfrontier Waste Movements (495/1998). It came into force on 1 August 1998. According to Section 6 of Government Decision 495/1998, imports of all wastes destined for disposal operations D2, D3, D4, D6, D7 and D11 are totally prohibited. Imports of all wastes to disposal operations D1, D5, D10, D8, D9 are prohibited with certain exceptions. These restrictions concern both hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. United Kingdom: The UK Management Plan for Export and Imports for Waste (June 1996) sets out, among other things, the UK's policy on the import of waste for final disposal. Broadly this prohibits the import of such wastes from all OECD countries, except Portugal and Ireland. It also makes it clear that the UK will only accept wastes from non-OECD countries if they do not possess or cannot be expected to acquire suitable facilities to dispose of such wastes in an environmentally sound manner in or nearer to the country of origin. Additional prohibitions apply by virtue of Regulations made under UK health and safety legislation: imports of amphibole asbestos into the UK are prohibited by regulation 3 of the Asbestos (Prohibitions) Regulations 1992. imports into the UK, other than from another Member State of the European Economic Area, of the following substances and articles are prohibited under regulation 4(2) of The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1994 namely: 2-naphthylamine, benzidine, 4-aminodiphenyl, 4-nitrophenyl their salts and any substance containing any of these compounds in a total concentration exceeding 0.1 percent by mass; matches made with white phosphorus. Austria: The Federal Waste Management Plan 1998, which states the principle of self sufficiency for final disposal, empowers authorities to raise objections against imports for final disposal, if there is no sufficient capacity for domestic wastes in Austria. |

Question 3.e: RESTRICTIONS ON THE IMPORT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES FOR RECOVERY (ANNEX IV B) |

THE IMPORT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE FOR recovery is regulated in all Member States by Articles 21 and 22 of the Waste Shipment Regulation. Unlike exports, imports are not covered by the ”Basel ban” and are possible, provided they come from OECD countries or other countries which are Parties to the Basel Convention or with which the Community or the Member States have concluded agreements. Article 21 WSR also requires that these agreements or arrangements have to be compatible with Community legislation and in accordance with Article 11 of the Basel Convention, guaranteeing that the recovery operation is carried out in an authorized centre and complies with the requirements for environmentally sound management. Most Member States indicate that they have no restrictions of their own on the import of hazardous waste. The following countries have given information on additional rules: The Netherlands say that according to the Article 7(4a), 5th indent of the Waste Shipment Regulation, they will object to an import of waste if the amount of waste recovered is relatively small in relation to the total amount. Sweden says that import of wastes is only accepted if the receiving plant has all relevant permits to treat the waste. |

QUESTION 3.F: RESTRICTIONS ON THE TRANSIT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES |

THE TRANSIT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES IS COVERED IN ALL MEMBER STATES BY ARTICLES 23 AND 24 OF THE WASTE SHIPMENT REGULATION ACCORDING TO THESE PROVISIONS, THERE IS NO SPECIFIC LIMITATION OF WASTE TRANSIT FROM OUTSIDE AND THROUGH THE COMMUNITY, BUT THE NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE HAS TO FOLLOW CERTAIN RULES WHICH ENSURE THAT ALL COMPETENT AUTHORITIES ARE INFORMED AND THAT THE SHIPMENT SHALL BE ADMITTED INTO THE COMMUNITY ONLY IF THE NOTIFIER HAS RECEIVED THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE LAST COMPETENT AUTHORITY OF TRANSIT. The Member States have not indicated any additional regulations on this subject. |

Question 4.a: USE AND ACCEPTANCE OF THE DOCUMENT FORMS OF THE BASEL CONVENTION IN THE CONTROL OF TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES |

According to Council Regulation (EEC) No. 259/93, when waste is shipped within, into or out of the European Community the notification shall be made by using the official European Community notification forms, which are slightly different from the forms of the Basel Convention. When waste is imported into the European Community the correct notification form is issued by the country of import. In case of transit through the European Community the notification form is issued by the last country of transit in the Community. The following Member States have given information on documentation: The Netherlands, Finland, Denmark, Germany, Spain, Sweden, UK, and Italy do not accept the document forms of the Basel Convention. Belgium, Ireland, Portugal, Austria, and Luxembourg accept the document forms of the Basel Convention. Austria says that for non-EC countries the Basel Convention Notification and Movements document forms are accepted. |

Question 4.b: ACCEPTABLE LANGUAGE(S) TO RECEIVE THE NOTIFICATION AND MOVEMENT DOCUMENT FORMS |

According to Member States’ replies the following languages are accepted for notification and movement documents pertaining to waste import and transit: Austria: German, English, and French. Belgium: Dutch, French, English, German, and Spanish. Denmark: All the Nordic languages, German, English, and French. Finland: Finnish, Swedish, and English. Germany: Import: German. Transit: German or English. Other languages are possible by agreement with the respective competent authority. Ireland: English. Italy: English, French, and Italian. Luxembourg: Luxembourgish, German, French, and English. The Netherlands: Dutch, English, and German. Portugal: Portuguese, English, French, and Spanish. Spain: Spanish, French, and English. Sweden: Swedish, English, and German. United Kingdom: English. |

Question 4.c: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS IN ADDITION TO THOSE LISTED UNDER ANNEX V (A AND B) OF THE BASEL CONVENTION |

THE BASEL CONVENTION LISTS 21 DIFFERENT PIECES OF INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED ON NOTIFICATION (ANNEX V A) AND 14 DATA TO BE PROVIDED ON THE MOVEMENT DOCUMENT (ANNEX V B). According to Articles 3(2) and 6(2) of the Waste Shipment Regulation, the notification shall mandatorily cover any intermediary stage of the shipment from the place of dispatch to its final destination Furthermore, all shipments of waste shall be subject to the provision of a financial guarantee or equivalent insurance covering costs for shipment (Art. 27 WSR). The following Member States have pointed to additional information requirements: Finland requires the following information to be provided on notification: Waste classification in accordance with the European Community legislation. Copy of the contract between notifier and consignee; the contract must fulfil the obligations of the WSR. Information on the financial guarantee to be lodged in favour of the competent authorities. When waste is imported for final disposal from countries that are not Members of the European Union an official request is required from the country of export, stating that it does not have or can not reasonably acquire the necessary technical capacity to dispose of the waste in an environmentally sound manner. When waste is imported or exported for disposal operations D13, D 14, D15, R12 or R13, the information provided on the waste disposer shall include also information on the actual disposal facility performing the final disposal operations D1-12 or recovery operations R1-R11. Denmark has indicated the following additional requirements for notifications: - Date of the notification received at the competent authority of destination, - date of consent to the movement provided by the competent authority of destination, - custom offices of entry into or departure out of EEC, - date of shipment received by the consignee, - quantity received, - date of recovery/disposal and name and signature of the consignee. United Kingdom says that additional information requirements include: registration numbers of exporter (notifier), consignee, disposal facility and carriers where applicable, the waste identification code (EWC or IWIC), the OECD classification (where applicable), technology employed by recovery/disposal facility, total number of shipments, single or general notification, Customs Office of entry/exit into/out of the EU, number of annexes attached, and whether site is pre-authorised or not. Additional information requirements include: code number of recovery/disposal operation and technology employed, waste identification code, and the OECD classification (where applicable). In addition details of the financial guarantee are required although these are not required for the Environment Agency to make its decision whether to authorise the shipments under the notification. Austria says that the National Waste Code, the European Waste Code and the IWI-Code have to be provided by the notification. |

Question 4.d: BORDER CONTROL OF EXPORT/IMPORT/TRANSIT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES IS ESTABLISHED |

ARTICLE 30 OF THE WASTE SHIPMENT REGULATION OBLIGES MEMBER STATES TO TAKE THE MEASURES NEEDED TO ENSURE THAT WASTE IS SHIPPED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THE REGULATION. SUCH MEASURES MAY INCLUDE INSPECTIONS OF ESTABLISHMENTS AND UNDERTAKINGS, AS WELL AS SPOT CHECKS OF SHIPMENTS. THE REGULATION, HOWEVER, LEAVES IT TO THE MEMBER STATES TO DECIDE WHERE THESE CHECKS SHOULD TAKE PLACE AND ONLY SUGGESTS AS SUITABLE OPTIONS ”IN PARTICULAR” THE POINT OF ORIGIN OF THE WASTE, THE DESTination, the external frontiers of the Community and ”during the shipment”. Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom have answered that they have a border control of waste and that the Harmonized System on customs control of the World Customs Organization is used at least optionally. Finland remarks that border control on transboundary shipments of wastes is performed by the Customs authorities. Due to the Common Market regulations in the EU, regular border controls are performed only at the external borders of the European Community. Within the Community, shipments of waste are controlled with random checks by the customs authorities and the police. Environment authorities work in co-operation with the customs, take occasionally part in border checks and give necessary expert advice. Italy and Denmark say no. Denmark remarks that simultaneous controls are arranged in co-operation with other EU countries. |

Question 5. : MEASURES TAKEN FOR THE REDUCTION AND/OR ELIMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES GENERATED

Measures | Ireland |

National strategies/policies | Local Authority Waste Management Plans (since 1998) Responsible: Local authorities Under the Waste Management Act, 1996, all local authorities are required to prepare and implement a Waste Management Plan. These plans include objectives in relation to prevention and minimisation of wastes. They also include objectives in relation to the recovery of waste. National Hazardous Waste Management Plan (to be published end 2000) Responsible: Environmental Protection Agency Under theWaste Management Act, the EPA is required to prepare a Hazardous Waste Management Plan for the country. This plan is to have regard to the prevention and minimisation of hazardous waste and set objectives and, where appropriate, targets in relation to the prevention and the minimisation of hazardous waste, the minimisation of the harmful nature of such waste and the recovery of hazardous waste. |

Legislation, regulations and guidelines | Integrated Pollution Control Licensing (since 1994) Responsible: Environmental Protection Agency Under the Environmental Protection Agency Act, 1992, the EPA is responsible for Integrated Pollution Control licensing of scheduled activities. These include all major manufacturing activities in the country. Each licence contains a specific condition relating to the establishment of an Environmental Management System (EMS). Through the EMS the licensee must assess all operations and review all practicable options for the use of cleaner technology, cleaner production and the reduction and minimisation of waste at the facility. Waste Licensing (since 1997) Responsible: Environmental Protection Agency Under the Waste Management Act, 1996, the EPA is responsible for licensing scheduled waste recovery and disposal activities. Each licence requires that the licensee establish an Environmental Management System (EMS). The EMS provides a mechanism for ongoing improvement in environmental performance by the licensee. For instance, transfer stations are required to introduce or extend recycling of wastes handled by the facility. Landfill site operators are required to provide for recycling of wastes such as construction and demolition waste, to assess and introduce, if possible, the utilisation of landfill gas, and to introduce methods for the recovery of sewage sludge. Packaging Regulations (1997) Responsible: Local Authorities The Waste Management (Packaging) Regulations, 1997, impose obligations on persons and businesses which supply packaging (i.e. packaging materials, packaging or packaged goods) to the Irish market, whether as retailers, packers, fillers or manufacturers. The Regulations require suppliers to either participate in an approved packaging waste recovery scheme or to implement steps themselves to assist the recovery of packaging waste. |

Economic instruments/initiatives | Cleaner Production Pilot Demonstration Programme (June 1997) Responsible: Environmental Protection Agency This programme, which is administered on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Local Government by the Environmental Protection Agency, was established to promote a more environmentally friendly approach to production in the manufacturing and services industries in Ireland Demonstration Scheme for the Development of Environmentally Superior Products (1999) Responsible: Enterprise Ireland A grant-assisted pilot demonstration scheme to be operated by Enterprise Ireland which will be directed towards indigenous small to medium sized enterprises engaged in manufacturing. European Union Eco-Labelling Scheme Responsible: National Standards Authority of Ireland The objectives of the scheme are to promote the design, production, marketing and use of products which have a reduced environmental impact during their life-cycle; and to provide consumers with better information on the environmental impact of products and to encourage preferential consideration of eco-labelled products in purchasing decisions. Environmental Audit and Waste Minimisation Grants Responsible: Enterprise Ireland This grant scheme provides financial assistance to manufacturing industry to enable firms to engage consultants to carry out environmental audits of their activities. The aim of the scheme is to improve the environmental performance of Irish industry while at the same time maintaining business competitiveness. The scheme is operated by Enterprise Ireland with the support of funds made available through the European Union and is administered by the Environmental Grant Unit, based in Enterprise Ireland, Glasnevin, Dublin. Environmental Management System Grant Scheme Responsible: Enterprise Ireland This grant scheme provides financial assistance to small and medium sized indigenous Irish manufacturing industries to enable them to engage independent consultants to support and train the company’s management in the installation and running of an Environmental Management System. Phased Implementation of an Environmental Management System Responsible: IPC/National Standards Authority of Ireland This project PI-EMS aims to assist SMEs in incrementally achieving certification to ISO14001 through five levels of achievement of environmental performance. The project is aimed at those companies who may have been reluctant to implement environmental management systems for reasons such as lack of resources, lack of expertise, more pressing business imperatives, lack of direction and fear of failure. Environmental Awareness Programme Responsible: Department of the Environment and Local Government This programme is aimed at encouraging the identification and pursuit of environmental sustainable behaviour through the undertaking of a campaign of public information and awareness of environmental issues. |

Measures taken by industries/waste generators | Individual measures taken by industries and waste generators in accordance with Environmental Management Systems established under IPC and waste licences issued by the EPA. |

Others |

QUESTION 5. (CONTINUED): MEASURES TAKEN FOR THE REDUCTION AND/OR ELIMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES GENERATED

Measures | The Netherlands | Finland |

National strategies/policies | Multi Year Plan on hazardous waste Ten Year Program on waste (non-hazardous incl. household waste). Cleaner production program: industries are encouraged to reduce the amount of waste produced. Goal is the reduction of 10% relative tot the amount of waste. Most measures that are taken are optimization of processes (better use of raw materials and internal recycling). | The National Waste Plan Until 2005, which came into force on 1 August 1998, sets targets, among other things, for the reduction of the amounts and harmful properties of waste. The Plan presents the administrative and legal, economic and informative instruments to be used in implementation. The targets are set for and the measures geared to the years 2000 and 2005. The plan will be updated in 2001. Regional waste management plans have been drawn out for 13 regions. The plans specify measures to be taken in the regions in order to carry out and develop the tasks provided for or regulated in or under the Waste Act. They present data on wastes and the current state of waste management, the developing targets set and measures necessary to achieve them. One of the developing targets dealt with in the plans is the minimisation of generation of wastes. |

Legislation, regulations and guidelines | Decree on landfill ban for specific hazardous and other waste. | The Waste Act (1072/1993), which entered into force on 1 January 1994, introduces the general obligation to prevent waste generation and to reduce its quantity and harmfulness. In order to implement the general obligation, the Council of State may issue general regulations concerning the production and marketing of products. Such regulations have so far been issued for example on batteries and accumulators, ozone depleting substances, asbestos and impregnated wood. The Environment Protection Act (86/2000) sets general regulations on the licensing of industrial facilities including waste disposal and recovery plants and major waste-generating industries. The Act aims at the reduction of the burden to the environment caused by various industrial operations as well as at the prevention of waste generation and reduction of their harmful effects. The Act replaced several previous regulations on facility licensing. According to the Act, the environment permit shall contain necessary regulations, among other things, in order to minimize the waste generated and diminish the harmful properties of wastes. The Act came into force on 1 March 2000. |

Economic instruments/initiatives | Tax on landfill; decision to increase tax for landfill of household waste and combustible non-hazardous waste. Tax-reduction for companies investing in environmentally friendly technology, specified in an official Tax-regulation. Hundreds of machines, systems, or specific additional installations are mentioned. | The Waste Tax Act (495/1996) came into force on September 1, 1996. According to the Act, a State tax of 90 Finnish marks (about 17 US$) per tonne shall be paid on waste deposited at landfills operated by municipality or a body appointed by the municipality or a landfill which is operated primarily for the purpose of receiving waste by another party. Some waste types are exempt from waste tax. Some subsidiaries are awarded by the government to projects aiming at environmental protection. Among waste management projects, in general, the priority is given to those projects which aim at the prevention of waste generation and the reduction of hazardousness of wastes. |

Measures taken by industries/waste generators | Specific measures addressed at polluting industries. E.g.: a changeover in the process of zinc production reduces the amount of waste considerably. Voluntary agreements with industry to reduce the amount of waste. | Various industrial establishments and waste generators continuously develop their process technologies e.g. in order to eliminate generation of hazardous and other wastes. In recent years a number of industrial establishments have also created their own environmental management systems on voluntary basis, for example, in accordance with the European Community Eco-management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), ISO 14001 or branch-specific programmes such as ”Responsible Care” by the chemical industry. In December 2000, there were 31 EMAS-registered sites in Finland, and the number is continuously growing. |

Others | Governmental support: subsidies on quick scans focused on possibilities to reduce waste, advice to industry; Regulatory instruments: permitting procedures also take waste prevention into account. General rules for small and medium-sized companies. | Waste and hazardous waste minimisation are also promoted by education and advisory services: it is a legal obligation for the Finnish Environmental administration (especially Finnish Environment Institute and regional environment centres) and local authorities to provide advisory services on wastes to all interested parties (industry, commerce, households etc.). Advisory services include preparation and dissemination of information material (brochures, guidebooks, websites etc.), information campaigns, on-line advice, and training courses. Advice is given on all necessary issues related to wastes and their management but the main focus nowadays is on preventive measures. Advisory services are also provided by regional waste management organisations, private companies, producer corporations and environmental NGOs. ecolabelling, such as Nordic Swan Label and European Union Ecolabel research programmes and R & D projects, such as the Environmental Cluster Research Programme co-financed by several ministries and academies which aims at seeking new ways of saving the environment and natural resources and at developing them into environmentally friendly products, production technologies and infrastructure, and various R & D projects financed by the National Technology Agency TEKES (www.tekes.fi) |

QUESTION 5. (CONTINUED): MEASURES TAKEN FOR THE REDUCTION AND/OR ELIMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES GENERATED

Measures | Belgium |

National strategies/policies |

Legislation, regulations and guidelines | Measures taken for the reduction of the amount of waste Flanders: In 1994, the Flemish government started a PRESTI programme (PREvention STImulation) to support professional associations who wanted to inform their members about environmentally sound management systems. The first step was the realization of studies per professional sector, the second step was dissemination of obtained knowledge to the members. By the end of 1995, 33 projects were approved, from which 32 actually took place. The following sectors have been studied: - road construction contractors, potato-peel companies, builders, bakers, icemakers and chocolate makers, brewers, motor body makers, recycling companies of man-made fibres, metallic equipment-dealing companies, vegetable processing companies, traditional metal-processing companies, companies in graphical sector, industrial metal-processing companies, furniture companies, natural stone-processing companies, metal-surface treatment companies, paper and cardboard processing companies, board-material companies, rubber industry, painters, cabinetmakers, slaughters, stowing and package handling companies, dentists, paint-making companies, textile companies, meat-processing companies, manufacturers of packaging system, endurance, systems and construction parts, hospitals, metal melting and pouring companies Since 1997 also the ”Presti 2” and ”Presti 3” programmes started. The ”Presti 4” programme was developed in 1997 and promoted since 1998. The Presti 2 --programme supports professional associations if they demonstrate measures for prevention. After investigation, some pilot-companies per professional sector introduce some of the presented measures. The preceding investigation is necessary to evaluate the measures on their feasibility concerning ecological, technical en economical implications. The experienced knowledge by introducing these measures is communicated to the other members of the sector, by organizing an open house, publishing articles …. Until the end of 1998 requests for participation could be submitted. 13 requests were approved out of different sectors (builders, stowing and package handling companies, sector of motor companies, cleaning companies, recreation, potato-peel companies, wood processing companies, bakers, garage and motor body makers, slaughterers, companies in graphical sectors, metal-surface treatment companies, public services). The Presti 3 programme supports individual companies if they set up a prevention plan and practice a part of the presented measures. The requests could be submitted until end 1999. 35 projects were approved. The projects are mainly situated in the following sectors: disassembling car companies, paper, chemistry, wood, stowing and package handling companies, garage and motor body makers, recreation, metal, metal surface treatment companies, food industry, companies in graphical sectors. In late 2000, already 43 companies have set up a prevention plan and out of these companies 29 companies actually have introduced the proposed measures. The Presti 4 programme is addressed to intermediary organizations that set up projects to stimulate companies to produce in an ecological way. Companies who want to participate in these projects have to sign an environmental commitment and work out some environmental actions during one year. These actions include reduction of waste, emissions, rational use of water and electricity … If the companies complete this ‘action year' successfully they are rewarded with a certificate. Normally this program would end in 2001. Because of its known success Ovam has requested a prolongation of this program. A new program, Presti 5 is announced. Wallonia: The Walloon Government’s action plan reflects the wish to reduce the quantity of hazardous waste and the degree of hazard represented by waste that are produced. In order to reduce the quality of waste, the Government is introducing a new waste reduction target: the “polluter pays” principle and the principle of producer responsibility in accordance with waste management plan; landfilling has been given the lowest priority by landfill fax; the waste treatment in the form of recycling has been given the highest priority encouraged by regional authority investments and private undertaking increasing; industry adopting of cleaner process techniques, using of resources more effectively and re-using or sale of by-products; consumes adopting more suitable consumption patterns – for example: buying products with minimal packaging or/and re-use; use of agreements as management tools promotes the overall principle of answerability of waste generators and market orientation in the field of waste and recycling. In order to reduce the degree of hazard represented by waste to be landfilled, suitable following treatment are used: physical treatment: solidification/ stabilization; deshydratation biological treatment: biological activity physico-chemical treatment: dechlorination; dechromatisation; decyanurisation These objectives are translated into Government Action Plan and a decree on waste of 27 June 1996. |

Economic instruments/initiatives | - Ecotax: Since 16/7/1993 a national law introduced taxes on certain consuming products that are considered to be harmful to the environment (soda packaging, batteries, pesticides, paper,….) - MAMBO: MAMBO is the Dutch abbreviation of “Less Waste, More Profit”. By means of a software package developed by the Flemish Waste Agency, companies are able to calculate the exact cost of their waste production . The objective is to bring about awareness about this topic and to focus on waste prevention. - Flanders applies the 'polluter pays' principle. Simultaneously, a price-differentiation distinguishes between the fraction for incineration or landfilling (the 'rest-fraction' or residual waste stream) and the fractions collected separately for recycling. The Flemish Government have also imposed additional environmental taxes on the residual waste stream. The purpose of these taxes is to stimulate prevention and recycling, and also to finance regional environmental policy. |

Measures taken by industries/waste generators |

Others | Ecodesign: research with objective to produce environmentally friendly products in order to prevent waste. Product standards: a national law recently has been approved to regulate product standards. Ecolabel: products that meet certain environmental concerns can get an environmental certificate. |

QUESTION 5. (CONTINUED): MEASURES TAKEN FOR THE REDUCTION AND/OR ELIMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES GENERATED

Measures | Denmark | Germany | Sweden |

National strategies/policies | The Government’s National Waste Plan, Waste 21, sets out the overall strategy for waste management and introduces a series of initiatives for treatment of waste. As a result of Waste 21, Denmark has started the preparation of a national strategy for waste prevention. The strategy is foreseen to be completed by the end of 2001. The reduction and/or elimination of hazardous waste is not based on a separate strategy but is based on bans and phasing out of chemicals which is implemented through the national strategy of chemicals. | EU Waste management strategy: Prevention of generation of waste Reduce content of hazardous material in the waste Reuse or recovery of material or energy Safe and adequate disposal of the waste. |

Legislation, regulations and guidelines | Recycling Management and Waste Act with supplementary regulations, in particular: Battery Ordinance (1998) Waste Oil Ordinance (1987) CFC-Ordinance (1990), Technical Instruction on the Management of Hazardous Waste (1991), Waste Management Plans on Hazardous Wastes for Disposal issued by the Federal States; Federal Immission Control Act with supplementary regulations; in particular: Ordinance on Waste Incineration Plants (1990) Council Regulation (EEC) No 1836/93 of 29 June 1993 allowing voluntary participation by companies in the industrial sector in a Community eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS) | Producer responsibility of different kinds of waste. Ban on landfill of sorted combustible waste from 1 January 2002. Ban on landfill of organic waste from 1 January 2005. |

Economic instruments/initiatives | Tax on waste sent to landfill from 1 January 2000 |

Measures taken by industries/waste generators | Environmentally sound management, ISO- and EMAS- systems are widespread in industry. New initiatives are set out in the coming strategy for waste prevention. | Environmental aspects are implemented in many German Industrial Standards (DIN). Several thousand enterprises from different branches of industry and administration participate in the eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS). The German Environmental Label comprises more than 100 different product criteria (e.g. tires, copiers, paper) and several thousand labelled products. |

Others | Program of the Federal Government “Research for the environment” from 1997 with emphasis on environmentally sound products, reduction of littering, ecological and social causes of waste generation, waste avoidance, precautionary waste management and closed loop recycling management. Research projects by the Federal Ministry of Research and Education on integrated environmental protection in several industrial branches (e.g. plastics and rubber industry, metallurgical processes, agriculture, packaging industry, foundries, food processing, textile industry, wood processing) |

QUESTION 5. (CONTINUED): MEASURES TAKEN FOR THE REDUCTION AND/OR ELIMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES GENERATED

Measures | Portugal | United Kingdom |

National strategies/policies | Municipal Waste Strategical Plan, approved in July 1997, for the period 1998-2005. Clinical Waste Strategical Plan, approved in June 1999, for the period 2000-2005. Industrial Waste Strategical Plan, published on the 2nd December 1999, for the period 2000-2020. Agricultural Wastes Strategical Plan, preliminary version presented in June 1999. The final version is being developed. National Plan on Industrial Waste Prevention, is being developed for the period 2000-2015. Each Plan sets out changes required to achieve an environmentally sound management of waste, aiming at substantial increases in reuse, recycling, energy recovery and safe and adequate waste disposal. The plans also place a strong emphasis on waste minimization and on information and education campaigns. | Waste Strategy 2000 for England and Wales was published in May 2000, Scotland’s National Waste Strategy was published on 9 December 1999 and Northern Ireland’s Strategy on 22 March 2000. Each strategy sets out changes required to deliver more sustainable development and use of waste, to achieve substantial increases in recycling and energy recovery, setting up a long-term framework with challenging targets underpinned by realistic programmes, and placing a strong emphasis on waste minimisation. Waste information and education campaigns. |

Legislation, regulations and guidelines | The Waste Act (239/97), which entered into force on 9 September 1997, introduces the general obligation to prevent waste generation and to reduce its quantity and harmfulness. In order to implement this general obligation, there are several regulations based on producer responsibility, namely for batteries and accumulators, waste oils, PCB, packaging waste, sludges and asbestos. | The Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste)(amended)(England and Wales) Regulations 2000 place obligations on certain businesses who place packaging on the market and, in particular, they set targets for recovery and recycling of packaging waste. These regulations came into force on 6 March 1997 and implement part of the EC Directive on Packaging Waste (94/62/EC) which requires a minimum of 50% recovery and 25% recycling of packaging waste and that a minimum of 15% of each material is recycled. The Packaging (Essential Requirements) Regulations 1998 took full effect in January 1999.They implement the Directive provisions specifying essential requirements for packaging placed on the market, which cover minimisation, avoidance of noxious and hazardous substances and the need for packaging to be recoverable (through at least one of: material recycling, incineration with energy recovery, composting or biodegradation). The UK’s Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) regulatory regime, applicable to the most potentially polluting industrial processes, requires the use of BATNEEC (best available techniques not entailing excessive cost) to prevent the release of polluting substances or, where this is not possible, to minimise emissions and render them harmless. On 1 August 2000, the Pollution, Prevention and Control regulations entered into force to implement the EU Integrated Pollution, Prevention and Control Directive for new processes. Existing processes will be phased into the new regulatory regime on a sectoral basis up to 2007. The IPPC regime will extend the present IPC regime to include a wider range of installations. Those regulated under IPPC will be required to abide by the general principle that waste production should be avoided; where waste is produced it should be recovered unless technically and economically impossible. Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the Landfill of Waste will be implemented in July 2001. The Directive bans from landfill certain hazardous wastes, along with liquid waste, tyres, and infectious clinical wastes. It also requires the pre-treatment of waste before disposal to landfill. The Directive bans the co-disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste and will place strict controls on landfill sites, particularly those for hazardous waste. One likely effect of this will be to increase the cost of disposal of hazardous waste in the future, providing an incentive to reduce the amount of hazardous waste generated. |

Economic instruments/initiatives | The Landfill Tax was introduced in October 1996 as the first UK tax with an explicit environmental objective. It was designed to promote the ‘polluter-pays’ principle by increasing the price of landfill to better reflect its environmental cost, and to promote a more sustainable approach to waste management. The 1998 Budget introduced changes to the Landfill Tax including an increase from £7 to £10 per tonne for active waste from 1 April 1999. The 1999 Budget introduced an automatic escalator which will increase the rate of tax by £1 per tonne per year for the next five years, until the rate reaches £15 per tonne of active waste in 2004. The rates of tax will be reviewed in 2004. The rate of tax for inactive waste remains frozen at £2 per tonne. |

Measures taken by industries/waste generators | Voluntary agreement with several industry sectors on environmental improvement, namely on waste management;. Voluntary agreement on the treatment of end-of-life vehicles, from June 1999; Several enterprises adopted their own management systems, in accordance with ISO 14001 and the European Community Eco-management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) and Ecolabel. | Environmental Technology Best Practice Programe (ETBPP)/Envirowise ETBPP (recently renamed Envirowise) is a government-funded programme that aims to promote cost-effective waste minimisation strategies and cleaner technology. It offers free, independent advice on practical ways to minimise waste and convert turnover into profit. Envirowise offers a range of free waste minimisation consultation and reference products to businesses in the UK including the environment and energy helpline, publications (case studies, best practice guides and datasheets written by experts provide up-to-date information on waste minimisation issues, methods and successes) and waste minimisation clubs. www.envirowise.gov.uk Voluntary Producer Responsibility initiatives include: Nickel-cadmium batteries (the industry-led REBAT scheme) Electrical and electronic equipment – There have been a number of trial schemes carried out or supported by organisations such as the Industry Council for Electronic Equipment recycling (ICER) and the Electronic Manufacturers Equipment Recycling Group (EMERG). Under the umbrella of the European Trade Organisation for the Telecommunications and professional Electronics Industry (ECTEL). End of life vehicles – The Automotive Consortium on Recycling and Disposal (ACORD) signed a voluntary agreement in 1997 which sets out recovery targets. ISO 14001 By the end of 1999 there were approximately 1000 organisations certified for the ISO 14001 scheme in the UK. EMAS By the end of 1999 it was estimated that 80 sites registered for the EMAS scheme in the UK. |

Others |

QUESTION 5. (CONTINUED): MEASURES TAKEN FOR THE REDUCTION AND/OR ELIMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES GENERATED

Measures |

National strategies/policies | Spain’s national strategy on hazardous waste is set out in the National Hazardous Waste Plan (1995-2000), published in the Official Gazette (Boletín Oficial del Estado) on 13 May 1995. The Plan seeks a progressive reduction at source in the volume of hazardous waste generated, plus re-use, recycling and environmentally sustainable treatment of any such waste by: placing responsibility on the producer of the wastes; encouraging agreements between employers and trade unions; studying the available abatement technologies; promoting lower use of hazardous substances by means of fiscal, financial and legislative measures; promoting treatment infrastructure. It sets specific targets for reducing the volume of hazardous wastes generated and for re-use and recycling of those which are generated. In order to meet the targets, credit lines and grants are introduced for business and/or sectoral plans, for advisory services for small businesses, for conducting environmental audits and for waste management activities. The Plan will be implemented by means of agreements between the central government and the regional authorities. The Plan is currently being revised. Spain’s national strategy on municipal waste is set out in the National Municipal Waste Plan (2000-2006), published in the Official Gazette (Boletín Oficial del Estado) on 2 February 2000. Its objectives include, inter alia: to keep the volume of municipal waste arising in 2002 at the 1996 level. This means a reduction of 6% in the volume of waste generated in tonnes/inhabitant/year; to reduce the volume of packaging waste generated each year by 10% (by weight) compared with the 1996 level by 30 June 2001; to achieve other re-use, recycling and recovery rates set in the Plan for specific wastes collected selectively (glass, paper/board, packaging made of various materials, etc); to end uncontrolled dumping of wastes by the end of 2006, when only 33% of the total municipal waste arising will be landfilled and it will have to be sent to controlled landfills complying with Directive 1999/31/EC; establishment of “clean points” for selective collection of hazardous household wastes (paints, solvents, oils, etc): over 200 of these had already been set up in Spain in 1999. The Plan provides for investments totalling over 500 000 million pesetas. In addition to the National Municipal Waste Plan various plans for specific waste streams are about to be published, particularly on: spent batteries and accumulators; end of life vehicles; construction and demolition waste; sewage sludges. |

Legislation, regulations and guidelines | Law 10/98 on waste aims, inter alia, at preventing waste production and encouraging, in the following order, reduction, re-use, recycling and other forms of recovery with the objective of protecting the environment and human health. To this end, the Government may adopt rules for the different types of wastes which will lay down specific provisions on production or management thereof. Industries or activities generating hazardous wastes must obtain a permit from the authorities. This must state the maximum quantity and types of waste which each production unit may generate, taking account, amongst other criteria, of use of cleaner technologies in economically and technically viable conditions and of the technical characteristics of the installations concerned. Amongst the criteria applied to decide these cleaner technologies, priority will be given to the principle of prevention of waste. In order to achieve this, the Law provides for use of instruments such as voluntary agreements on waste management by parties responsible for placing on the market products which, after use, turn into waste. These must be approved or authorised by the competent public authorities or by means of cooperation agreements with them. The Law expressly requires all potentially recyclable or recoverable waste to be channelled in this direction, avoiding disposal whenever possible (this requirement has applied to hazardous wastes since 1 January 2000). The regional authorities in Spain must draw up regional waste plans. The central government must incorporate these regional plans into different national waste plans setting specific targets for reduction, re-use, recycling and other forms of recovery and disposal and laying down the measures to be adopted in order to meet these objectives, the methods of funding and the procedure for revision of the plans. Law 11/97 on packaging and packaging waste sets targets for reducing production of packaging and recovering the packaging produced and lays down requirements for reducing the quantities of certain hazardous substances (lead, cadmium, mercury and hexavalent chromium) in packaging. Royal Decree 782/1998 approving the Regulation implementing Law 11/97 on packaging and packaging waste places an obligation on packaging companies to draw up three-year prevention plans setting targets for reducing the volume of packaging waste generated and the amounts of hazardous substances which they contain. To attain these objectives, voluntary sectoral agreements (with packers, traders, recyclers, etc.) will set up integrated management systems for packaging and packaging waste. Specific legislation also exists on the management of waste oils and on the prevention and management of wastes from spent batteries and accumulators. Royal Decree 1378/1999 lays down measures for the disposal and management of PCBs/PCTs and of equipment containing them. In particular, it sets 2010 as the final date for phasing out PCBs, either directly, including disposal of the equipment containing them, or by decontamination. Rules are being prepared which will include sectoral agreements on other specific waste flows, such as end of life vehicles or spent batteries and accumulators and incorporate measures to minimise generation of hazardous wastes. During 2001 legislation will be published in Spain to transpose Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste. Generally, the costs currently borne by landfill users far from cover the real costs of disposing of their waste by landfill, shifting the costs to society at large and to future generations. The new legislation will set out from the premise that landfill users pay the real cost of disposal of their waste, including the cost of monitoring the landfill for at least 30 years after its closure. This measure will apply to all new landfills and will be phased in (by 2009) for all existing landfills. The increase in landfill costs will have a positive impact on more environmentally sustainable alternative forms of waste management (re-use, recycling, energy recovery) and on prevention of waste at source. |

Economic instruments/initiatives | Grants and financial aid indicated in the plans (see paragraphs (i) and (ii)). Every year State grants averaging 1 000 million pesetas are granted for environment-friendly collection and management of waste oils. Sectoral agreements on waste management (see paragraphs (i) and (ii)). |

Measures taken by industries / waste generators | Voluntary sectoral agreements on waste management (see paragraphs (i) and (ii)). Certification of environmental management systems: under ISO 14000: over 600 businesses (on 30.11.2000), under the Community eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS): 70 businesses (on 14.9.2000). |

Others |

QUESTION 5. (CONTINUED): MEASURES TAKEN FOR THE REDUCTION AND/OR ELIMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES GENERATED

Measures | Luxembourg |

National strategies/policies | National waste management plan adopted by Government on 15th December 2000. Obligation for industries and SME’s to establish internal waste management plans with the view of reduction and recycling of waste. |

Legislation, regulations and guidelines | Modified waste management law of 17th June 1994. |

Economic instruments/initiatives | “SuperDrecksKëscht fiir Betriiber” initiative taken since 1992 by the Ministry of Environment and the Chamber of Handycraft with the aim of: Advising industries and SME’s in good ecological practise of internal waste management Giving a quality label to the companies with good waste management practice. |

Measures taken by industries / waste generators | Internal waste management according to internal waste management plan and/or waste management practice according to “SuperDrecksKëscht fiir Betriiber”-concept. |

Others |

QUESTION 6.: MEASURES TAKEN FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES SUBJECT TO THE TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT :

Measures | The Netherlands | Ireland | Finland | Denmark |

National strategies/policies | Multi Year Plan on hazardous waste Ten Year Program on waste (non-hazardous incl. household waste) | The National Hazardous Waste Management Plan recommends that Ireland strive for self-sufficiency in the recovery and disposal of hazardous waste. As infrastructure for the disposal (in particular) of hazardous waste is developed, the quantity of hazardous waste being exported is expected to decrease. |

Legislation, regulations and guidelines | Besides the general targets set for waste reduction and management (see answer on point 5 (i)) the National Waste Plan has a separate section on transboundary shipments of wastes. This section of the plan is binding (Government Decision 495/1998). One of the aims of this Decision is to reduce the amount of transboundary shipments of wastes. To achieve this goal, it sets regulations on how the principles of self-sufficiency and proximity are implemented in waste management. | National legislation is based on Council Regulation 259/93 |

Economic instruments/ initiatives |

Measures taken by industries / waste generators |

Others |

QUESTION 6. (CONTINUED): MEASURES TAKEN FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES SUBJECT TO THE TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT :

Measures | Belgium |

National strategies/policies |

Legislation, regulations and guidelines | Wallonia: General guidance on exports and imports of wastes is contained in the waste shipments Regulations EC and in the waste management plan in Walloon; However some expectations to these rules may be appropriate. The main policies are as follows: to ban all imports directly for final disposal; to ban imports and exports of wastes for disposal except if: the waste cannot realistically be dealt with in an environmentally sound manner in , or in closer proximity to, the country of origin, and the State of destination has the technical capacity and the necessary facilities in order to dispose of the wastes in question in an environmentally sound and efficient manner or, the capacity treatment in the country or origin is saturated, taking into account of regional/ national self-sufficiency, or the transboundary movement concerning small quantities hazardous wastes for which it would be uneconomic for the State of origin to provide his own facility this specific case requires cooperation between countries concerned; to allow all imports for recovery except if: large quantities of unrecoverable residues which are derived from recycling/ recovery operations must be landfilled, or the import in question must be seriously prejudicial to the capacity of a particular facility to deal with wastes from Walloon Region sources, or the waste in question doesn’t comply with the specification set out in the authorisation for the destination facility; to allow all exports for recovery except if: the country of destination prohibits the import of waste in question, or the Walloon Region has the regulatory and technical infrastructures necessary to deal with waste exported. Brussels: Article 4 of the Law for prevention and management of wastes of 07.01.91 allows the Government to take measures to prevent or reduce production of waste and its nocivity - by encouraging development of cleaner technologies and technologies needing less natural resources, - by encouraging development of products conceived in a way that their production, their use or elimination does provoke as less as possible raise in amount or in nocivity of wastes and - by developing appropriate techniques for elimination of dangerous substances in wastes. Decision of 06.04.95 fixes environmental standards for the sector of textile cleaning. These conditions were set up after a sector campaign organized by the Clean Technologies Department of the Brussels Institute for Management of Environment Flanders: It is an aim of the Flemish policy to protect public and environmental health against damaging influences of wastes and to prevent dissipation of raw materials and energy by (in the following order of priority) : 1° preventing and reducing waste production and preventing or reducing the damaging features of wastes 2° promotion of waste recycling 3° organising the disposal of all the wastes which cannot be prevented or recycled (article 5 of the Waste Management Decree of 20.04.94) |

Economic instruments/ initiatives | Implementation of tax legislation on waste: In Flanders, environmental taxes are put on final disposal of waste materials, i.e. on incineration and landfilling, with exemptions on recycling. It constitutes a good instrument for discouraging production of waste materials at source and accordingly promotes prevention. |

Measures taken by industries / waste generators |

Others | Flanders: The environmental management plan MINA1997-2000 which indicates the environmental policy of Flanders, describes some actions to reduce and/or eliminate generation of hazardous and other wastes : - action 33 : Developing and starting an active management for the prevention and disposal of asbestos-containing substances - action 34 : Provision of information for certain target groups to optimize soil remediations - action 35 : Development of an “active-soil” system for a better management of contaminated soils (prevention of diffusal of contaminated soils) - action 40 : Development of a producer-responsibility in the waste fase. The idea behind this action is the fact that the producer is still responsible for its product when the product is waste and has to be recycled or disposed - action 43 : Development and promotion of a system of the covering of costs for household wastes. The aim is to make a combination of the principle which says that “the polluter pays” and the environmental rentability of the system. - action 44 : Development of a management plan for a better separated collection of waste arriving from small and average enterprises - action 45 : Prescription of the conditions to re-use waste as a secondary material - action 46 : Development of a programme for a better trading of recycled wastes - action 47 : Development of a management plan for collecting and processing organically waste for the years 1998-2001. - action 48 : Development of a management plan for collecting and processing municipal waste for the years 1998-2001. Wallonia: Development of production technology to minimize the production of hazardous waste Development of technology to neutralize hazardous waste |

QUESTION 6 (CONTINUED): MEASURES TAKEN FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES SUBJECT TO THE TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT :

Measures | Germany | Portugal | Spain | Sweden |

National strategies/policies | Implementation of the principle of self-sufficiency when waste is designed for final disposal. | Each Plan referred in 5(i) sets out changes required in order to implement the principles of proximity and self-sufficiency at national level. | The national policy in this field is based on: the application of the principle of self-sufficiency as regards the final disposal of waste produced in Spain, wherever possible; the application of the proximity principle as regards the treatment of waste, i.e. waste - especially hazardous waste - should be treated as near as possible to the place of origin, thereby minimising transports of waste; the application of Decision III/2 of the Basel Convention on the ban of exports of hazardous wastes to non-OECD countries (in case of waste destined for final disposal, the export ban applies also to countries which are not members of EFTA); the strategies, legislation and other instruments mentioned in the answer to Question 5 above. |

Legislation, regulations and guidelines | Implementation of the principle of self-sufficiency when waste is destined for final disposal pursuant to Art. 3 of the German Waste Movement Act, entry into force October 1994 | Council Regulation (EEC) No 259/93. | Ban on transport of wastes to non-OECD countries |

Economic instruments/ initiatives |

Measures taken by industries / waste generators |

Others |

QUESTION 6 (CONTINUED): MEASURES TAKEN FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE AMOUNT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES SUBJECT TO THE TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT:

Measures | United Kingdom | Austria | Luxembourg |

National strategies/policies | The UK Management Plan for Exports and Imports of Waste 1996 prohibits the export of waste for disposal in keeping with the principles of self-sufficiency and proximity whereby waste should be disposed of in, or as close as possible to, the country of origin. | The Federal Waste Management Plan 1998 states the principle of self-sufficiency for final disposal. Based on this principle, objections are raised in case of exports for final disposal, provided there is a suitable disposal option in Austria. | See point 5 |

Legislation, regulations and guidelines | Modified waste management law of 17th June 1994. |

Economic instruments/ initiatives |

Measures taken by industries / waste generators |

Others |

QUESTION 7: INFORMATION ON THE EFFECTS OF THE GENERATION, TRANSPORTATION AND DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND OTHER WASTES ON HUMAN HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT OR INFORMATION ON WHERE THIS COULD BE FOUND

Country | Information |

The Netherlands | No information |

Ireland | Report of the Investigation into the Presence and Influence of Lead in the Silvermines Area of County Tipperary. Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, 2000. Available from www.irlgov.ie. Inventory and tracking of dangerous substances used in Ireland and development of measures to reduce their emissions/losses to the environment. To be published by EPA in 2001, available from EPA Publications (www.epa.ie) Endocrine disrupting substances in the Irish aquatic environment (2000-MS-2-M1) - Research project commenced in 2000. Final report, when available, from EPA Publications (www.epa.ie). Methodology for assessment of hazardous waste disposal sites (2000-MS-12-M1) - Research project commenced in 2000. Final report, when available, from EPA Publications (www.epa.ie). Inventory of dioxin and furan emissions (2000-DS-2-M1) - Desk study commenced in 2000. Final report, when available, from EPA Publications (www.epa.ie). |

Belgium | No information |

Finland | The requirements for the monitoring of e.g. the emissions and effects of industrial facilities (including waste disposal and recovery facilities) are specified case-by-case in the environmental permits granted for such facilities. With regard to landfills, for example, the monitoring shall include at least monitoring of quantity and quality of landfill water and surface water, quality and level of groundwater, and accumulation and migration of landfill gas. The monitoring reports are provided to the supervisory authorities. There are no specific national statistics etc. available on the effects of hazardous wastes on human health and the environment. However, in the Finnish environmental administration, there are some 40 national environmental monitoring programmes in operation concerning, for example, emissions and discharges to the environment, state of the environment (air, water courses, groundwater, soil), generation and management of wastes and hazardous wastes, use of chemicals, natural resources, and biodiversity. The health of the Finnish population is also regularly monitored by the health authorities (see e.g.www.ktl.fi). |

Denmark | The Danish policy is based on prevention of exposure and the use of limit values. Among other things the policy is based on risk assessments on chemicals and material stream analysis. The mass flow analysis on numerous substances can be found on the Danish EPA homepage (www.mst/homepage.dk) but unfortunately most of them are in Danish but all of them will have an English summary. |

Germany | Germany has established several long-term programs, which are also used for monitoring the effects of waste management on human health and the environment, e.g.: The German Environmental Survey (GerES) is a large scale population study which has repeatedly been carried out in Germany. The main goal of the survey is to analyze and document the extent, distribution and determinants of the exposure of the German population to environmental pollutants. The Environmental Specimen Bank with environmental and human organ specimens as an instrument for monitoring the effectiveness of legal environmental regulations and as an archive for retrospective monitoring Besides, there are monitoring programs carried out by the Bundesländer (German Federal States), e.g. Permanent Soil Monitoring Sites in Bayern (Bavaria), Baden-Württemberg, Brandenburg, Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony); Waste Analyzes Data Base in Nordrhein-Westfalen (Northrhine-Westphalia). There are also smaller studies on items as: Emission of hazardous substances from waste incineration plants (e.g. dioxins (older studies)) composting plants (e.g. bacteria, fungi, disturbances by smell) old landfills Effects on the Environment from land treatment with sewage sludge land treatment with de-inking sludge For further Information: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de |

Portugal | Study on “Comparative risk analysis about potential effects on public health and environment from industrial waste management in Portugal” developed by Ecosaúde – Educação, Investigação e Consultoria em Trabalho, Saúde e Ambiente, SA |

Spain | No information |

Sweden | No information |

United Kingdom | The EUROHAZCON study of congenital malformations in populations living near landfill sites in Europe – the study considered residents living within 7km of hazardous waste landfill sites. The report of the study, published in 1998, indicated that more research was needed on the relationship between congenital anomaly and landfill sites Small Area Health Statistics Unit (SAHSU) epidemiological study on health effects in human populations living close to landfill sites in the UK – this looks at data from 1982-1996 on residents living within 2km of landfill sites. The report is due in 2001.An outline of the study design can be found at http://www.doh.gov.uk/envchemh.htm; Statement by the Committee on Carcinogenicity of Chemicals and Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COC) entitled ‘Cancer incidence near municipal solid waste incinerators in Great Britain’. This is a review of a SAHSU epidemiology study investigating cancer incidence or mortality amongst individuals living in proximity to municipal solid waste incinerators in Great Britain. More information on this and other relevant studies can be obtained from http://www.doh.gov.uk/envchemh.htm; www.doh.gov.uk/coc.htm and www.doh.gov.uk/comeap/index.htm. An investigation undertaken around the Nant-y-Gwyddon landfill site in Wales by Fielder and co workers was published in 2000. The study compared congenital abnormalities in a potentially 'exposed' population living close to the site compared with those living further away, both in the years preceding and following the opening of the site. The authors concluded that the area surrounding the landfill site had an increased rate of reported congenital malformations, which predated the opening of the landfill and also that further studies of the reproductive risk in such communities are needed to examine the safety of waste disposal sites. A study published in 2000 by Knox considered childhood cancer deaths in relation to residence close to municipal solid waste incinerators in the UK. However as the study relates to possible exposures between 1937 and 1980 it is therefore mainly of historical interest. Incinerators now meet stringent emission standards and most of the incinerators considered in the study have now closed. |

Austria | No specific information available. General information can be obtained from the Federal Environment Agency via the Internet: http://www.ubavie.gv.at/ reference: report state on environment. |

T ABLE 1: INFORMATION CONCERNING BILATERAL, MULTILATERAL AND REGIONAL AGREEMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS ENTERED INTO PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 11 OF THIS CONVENTION, 1999

Country | Type of agreement (Bilateral, Multilateral, Regional) | Area of concern (Region) | Status of Agreement/ arrangement | Effective from (date) | Remarks |

Austria | No information |

Belgium (1998) | There are no bilateral, multilateral or regional arrangements |

Denmark | Multilateral | OECD decision C92(39) |

Finland | Bilateral agreement | Imports from the Republic of Kenya | From 7 March 1997 until further notice | The arrangement concerns import of halogenated organic compounds (belonging to Y-categories Y4, Y10, Y39, Y41, Y43) from Kenya to Finland for final disposal. (Due to the fact that Kenya became a Party of the Basel Convention in year 2000 the arrangement is not necessary any more.) |

Germany | Multilateral | OECD | From 1992 | Import and export of hazardous waste and other wastes; all wastes for recovery and final disposal |

Germany | Bilateral | Belarus | From 1994 | Import to Germany; (all wastes for recovery) |

Germany | Bilateral | Kazakhstan | From 1994 | Import to Germany; (all wastes for recovery) |

Germany | Bilateral | Zimbabwe | From 1995 | Import to Germany; (all wastes for recovery) |

Germany | Bilateral | Albania | From 1999 | Import to Germany (all wastes for recovery and final disposal from KFOR/NATO troups) |

Ireland | None |

Italy | No information |

Luxembourg | No information |

Netherlands | Bilateral | Netherlands Antilles | January 1st 1999 - December 31st 2000 | all types of hazardous waste for recovery and disposal |

Spain | Multilateral | OECD | Agreement | 1992 | Copy of the letter sent to the Secretariat of the Basel Convention enclosed. |

Sweden | OECD Decision 92(39)Final | OECD Region | From 30 March 1992, still valid | Waste for recovery operations |

UK | Bilateral