22. 4. 89 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 101/3 
II 
(Preparatory Acts) 
COMMISSION 
Proposal for a Council Regulation (EEC) concerning the promotion of energy technology in 
Europe 
COM(89) 121 final 
(Submitted by the Commission on 20 March 1989) 
(89/C 101/04) 
THE- COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European 
Economic Community, and in particular Article 235 
thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, 
Having regard to the opinion of the European 
Parliament, 
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and 
Social Committee, 
Whereas in its resolution of 16 September 1986 the 
Council stated that, possible short-term fluctuations on 
the energy market apart, efforts made must be main­
tained and, if necessary, reinforced between now and 
1995 and beyond that date in order to reduce to a 
minimum the risk of tension at a later date on the 
market; 
Whereas this same resolution states that one of the hori­
zontal objectives of Community energy policy is to 
encourage continuous and reasonably diversified 
promotion of technological innovations and appropriate 
dissemination of the results throughout the Community; 
that in spite of the present energy situation there should 
be no relaxation of efforts to diversify the Community's 
energy supply and improve energy efficiency; whereas 
the promotion of new technologies will help to achieve 
these objectives; 
Whereas it is important to link these efforts with the 
Community strategy for science and technology as 
defined in the framework programme for Community 
actions on technology R&D; 
Whereas the resolution of 16 September 1986 also states 
that the Community should search for balanced solutions 
as regards energy and the environment by making use of the best available economically justified technologies; 
whereas according to Article 130R of the Treaty, en­
vironmental protection requirements shall be a 
component of the Community's other policies and action 
by the Community relating to the environment shall be 
designed to ensure a prudent and rational utilization of 
natural resources; 
Whereas the promotion of projects for exploiting the 
indigenous energy potential of the regions, particularly 
less-developed regions, will help to reinforce the 
economic and social development of the Community as a 
whole, an objective which, according to Article 130B of 
the Treaty, should be taken into account when 
implementing common policies and the internal market; 
Whereas support for the promotion of energy techno­
logies will benefit economic cohesion; 
Whereas action to promote innovative technologies 
taken at Community level will avoid the dissipation of 
resources and increase effectiveness; 
Whereas this action should be coordinated with action 
being taken by the Community within the framework of 
other specific programmes concerned, in particular, with 
research and development in the field of energy, inno­
vation and technology transfer and the dissemination 
and utilization of the results of scientific and technical 
research; 
Whereas, after the research stage, financial support 
should be granted in appropriate cases to projects for the 
promotion of advanced technology in the field of 
energy; 
Whereas for reasons of continuity and effectiveness it is 
necessary to envisage a programme with a duration of 
five years, provided with an adequate budget; 
No C 101/4 Official Journal of the European Communities 22. 4. 89 
Whereas cooperation between undertakings in various 
Member States in the field of energy technology is 
desirable; 
Whereas the grant of Community support must not 
affect conditions of competition in such a way as to be 
incompatible with the competition provisions of the 
Treaty; 
Whereas the Treaty does not provide the necessary 
specific powers, and it is therefore necessary to amend 
Article 235, 
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: 
Article 1 
The Community may, under the conditions laid down in 
this Regulation, grant financial support for projects for 
the promotion of energy technology in the fields referred 
to in Article 3 and undertake the associated measures 
referred to in Article 5. 
Article 2 
1. For the purpose of this Regulation, 'projects for the 
promotion of energy technology', hereinafter referred to 
as 'projects', means projects designed to develop and 
promote for the Community innovative technologies in 
the field of energy, and for which the implementation 
entails a large element of risk. 
2. Community financial support may be granted for: 
(a) innovatory projects; these are projects implementing 
innovatory techniques, processes or products for 
which the research and development stage has been 
completed, or new applications of established tech­
niques, processes or products; this type of project 
should prove the viability of new technologies by 
applying them on a sufficiently large scale for the 
first time; 
(b) dissemination projects; these are projects dissemi­
nating within the Community the techniques, 
processes or products referred to in (a); they are 
designed to encourage preliminary applications of 
tested new technologies either under different 
economic or geographical conditions or with 
technical modifications and which still entail some 
risk. Article 3 
The fields of application of this Regulation are as 
follows: 
(a) 'rational use of energy', i.e. activities which result in 
a major energy saving or a restructuring of energy 
demand in such a way as to improve the quality of 
the environment or make more efficient use of elec­
tricity and heat; 
(b) 'renewable energy sources', i.e. sources of energy 
which will not run out; 
(c) 'coal and other solid fuels', i.e. the clean use of coal 
and the upgrading of waste products, and coal gasi­
fication integrated with a combined gas/steam cycle; 
(d) 'hydrocarbons', i.e. prospecting for, producing, 
storing or transporting hydrocarbons. 
Annexes I to IV list the sectors covered by each of these 
fields. These lists may be amended by the Commission to 
keep pace with changes on the energy market and/or 
technological developments after consulting the Advisory 
Committee referred to in Article 8 (3). 
Article 4 
Whenever the Commission considers it necessary, and in 
particular where a need is not being met or where a 
significant technological advance could be achieved 
through cooperation between persons or undertakings in 
at least two Member States, it shall itself take the 
initiative to encourage or coordinate the setting-up of 
specific projects, known as 'targeted projects'. 
Article 5 
The Commission may undertake associated measures, 
examples of which are given in Annex V, to encourage 
the application and marketing of energy technologies. 
Article 6 
1. Any project, as referred to in Article 2, must meet 
the following conditions: 
(a) it must implement, with a view to their propagation, 
innovatory techniques, processes or products, or new 
applications of established techniques, processes or 
products; 
22. 4. 89 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 101/5 
(b) it must appear technically and economically viable; 
(c) it must offer appropriate solutions for protection of 
the environment and safety; 
(d) it must be difficult to finance because of major 
technical and economic risks; 
(e) it must be designed to encourage propagation of the 
technology on the market; 
(f) it must be proposed by persons in a position to 
disseminate the techniques, processes or products 
referred to above; 
(g) it must, as a general rule, be submitted by at least 
two independent promoters in different Member 
States, although the Commission may agree to 
exceptions for projects which have a total cost of less 
than ECU 10 million. These exceptions shall apply: 
(i) either to individual projects: if the project is 
submitted by small and medium-sized enterprises 
or an association of such enterprises or by the 
public authorities or if the promoter can justify 
the particular advantages of having the project 
concerned implemented by only one body; 
(ii) or to a complete sector, depending on the special 
characteristics of that sector. 
(h) it must, as a rule, be carried out within Community 
territory. However, if it is in the interests of the 
Community to have all or part of a project carried 
out in a non-member State, because of the special 
characteristics of the project, such a project may also 
receive financial support. 
2. Subject to the conditions set out in paragraph 1 
above, preference shall be given: 
(a) to projects proposed by small and medium-sized 
enterprises or by an association of such enterprises; 
(b) to projects specified in Article 2 (b) which are to be 
implemented in less-developed regions as defined by 
Article 8 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 
2052/88 (»). 
3. Additional conditions specific to these fields are 
given in Annexes I to IV. 
(') OJ No L 185, 15. 7. 1988, p. 9. Article 7 
1. Support for a project shall take the form of a 
financial contribution by the Community granted in 
accordance with the conditions set out in the paragraphs 
below and in accordance with the provisions of Articles 
8, 10 and 13. 
2. The financial support may be granted for an entire 
project or for different stages of a project. In the latter 
case, without prejudice to the responsibilities conferred 
upon the budgetary authority of the European 
Communities, financial support shall continue to be 
granted for subsequent stages provided that the eligibility 
criteria continue to be met and that the Commission is 
satisfied with progress on the project. 
3. Financial support may not exceed 40 % of the 
eligible cost of the project, in the case of the projects 
referred to in Article 2 (a) (innovatory projects) and 
Article 4 (targeted projects); it may not exceed 30 % of 
the eligible cost in the case of the projects referred to in 
Article 2 (b) (dissemination projects). In no case may the 
financial support be less than 15 % of the eligible cost. 
4. The amount of financial support shall be 
determined separately for each project, in accordance 
with the procedure provided for in Article 8. When 
determining the amount, the Commission shall take 
account of the element or proportion of the risk which 
will have to be borne directly by those responsible for 
the project and of other support received or expected, in 
such a way that the total amount of public support will 
not, in principle, exceed 49 % of the total cost of the 
project. 
5. The public authorities in the Member States shall 
not, in principle, grant support that would have the 
effect of subsidizing the project beyond the level of 49 % 
of its total cost. All public support shall be notified to the 
Commission. 
6. The Commission reserves the possibility of intro­
ducing, if necessary and after consultation with the 
Advisor}' Committee referred to in Article 8 (3), other 
financial mechanisms, such as interest rebates, guarantee 
funds or participation in capital funding. 
Article 8 
1. Projects shall be submitted by persons or under­
takings established within the Community, including 
small and medium-sized undertakings, whether indi­
vidually or in the form of associations, following the 
publication of an invitation to submit projects in one or 
more of the fields referrd to in Article 3 in the Official 
Journal of the European Communities, in accordance with 
this Regulation. 
No C 101/6 Official Journal of the European Communities 22. 4. 89 
2. In the invitations to submit projects^ the 
Commission shall specify those sectors to be given 
priority when selecting projects. This list of priorities 
shall be drawn up by the Commission after consulting 
the Advisory Committee referred to in paragraph 3. It 
shall also specify the information applicants will be 
required to supply for the purposes of selecting projects. 
3. The Commission shall decide to grant financial 
support for projects on the basis of the information 
provided by the applicant and after consulting an 
Advisory Committee consisting of two representatives 
from each Member State and chaired by a Commission 
representative. The Committee shall be constituted 
differently for each field of application referred to in 
Article 3. 
The Commission representative shall submit the projects 
to the Committee and the Committee shall then give its 
opinion on the projects, if necessary following a vote. 
This opinion shall be entered in the minutes. Each 
Member State also has the right to ask that its own 
position be mentioned in the minutes. The Commission 
shall take as much account as possible of the opinion 
given by the Committee. It shall inform the Committee 
of the extent to which it has taken account of its 
opinion. 
4. The Committee referred to in paragraph 3 does not 
have to be consulted on projects whose total cost is less 
than ECU 100 000. 
5. The Commission's decision shall be notified 
immediately for information to the Council, the 
European Parliament and the Member States. 
Article 9 
In implementing this Regulation, the Commission shall 
ensure coordination with projects carried out under 
other Community programmes relating to research and 
development, innovation and the transfer of technology, 
and the diffusion and utilization of research results. 
Article 10 
1. The contractor responsible for implementing a 
project receiving financial support from the Community 
shall undertake to use the successful technique, process 
or product or to facilitate its use, und to allow dissemi­
nation of the results obtained. If the contractor does not 
respect this undertaking the Commission may require all 
or part of the financial support granted to be repaid. 2. • The Commission shall, in cooperation with the 
bodies responsible in the Member States, endeavour to 
ensure the dissemination and implementation of projects 
undertaken in accordance with this Regulation and 
Regulations (EEC) No 1302/78 ('), (EEC) No 
1303/78 O, (EEC) No 1971/83 (J), (EEC) No 
1972/83 (4) and (EEC) No 3640/85 (5) and to promote 
their exploitation. It shall take appropriate measures to 
achieve this objective in connection with the projects 
referred to in Article 5, and if necessary shall also give 
suitable assistance to the contractor. 
Article 11 
Contracts shall be signed between the Community and 
the persons referred to in Article 13 for the implemen­
tation of the projects adopted under this Regulation. 
These contracts shall govern the rights and obligations of 
each party including the methods of dissemination, 
protection and exploitation of the results of the projects 
and the possibility of repayment of the financial support. 
Article 12 
Subject to the provisions set out in Article 10, the 
information obtained by the Commission under this 
Regulation shall remain confidential. 
Article 13 
Responsibility for any project shall lie with a physical or 
legal person constituted in accordance with the law 
applicable in the Member States, or with an association 
of such persons, within which they are severally and 
jointly liable. 
Article 14 
The financial support granted by the Community must 
not affect conditions of competition in such a way as to 
be incompatible with the competition provisions of the 
Treaty. 
Article 15 
The Commission shall submit a regular report on 
implementation of this Regulation and on compatibility 
between national and Community projects to the 
Council and the European Parliament for the purposes 
of assessing the results obtained. 
Article 16 
The amounts to be granted in accordance with this 
Regulation shall be entered each year in the General 
Budget of the European Communities. 
(') OJ No L 158, 16. 6. 1978, p. 3. 
O OJ No L 158, 16. 6. 1978, p. 6. 
(3) OJ No L 125, 19. 7. 1983, p. 1. 
(4) OJ No L 195, 19. 7. 1983, p. 6. 
C) OJ No L 350, 27. 12. 1985, p. 29. 
22. 4. 89 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 101/7 
These amounts shall cover the financial support granted 
to projects referred to in Article 2 (2), Article 4, as well 
as projects referred to in Article 5 and expenditure 
relating to the implementation of this Regulation. 
Article 17 
Regulations (EEC) No 3639/85 (') and (EEC) No 
3640/85 shall continue to apply to projects submitted 
following invitations to submit projects published in 
accordance with those Regulations. 
Article 18 
On the expiry of Council Decision 87/516/Euratom, 
EEC of 28 September 1987 relating to the framework programme for Community actions on technology 
research and development (2), the Commission will 
assure the linking of the present programme with the 
framework programme for technology R&D. 
Article 19 
This Regulation shall enter into force on the day 
following that of its publication in the Official Journal of 
the European Communities. 
It shall apply until 31 December 1994. 
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and 
directly applicable in all Member States. 
(') OJ No L 350, 27. 12. 1985, p. 25. (2) OJ No L 3C2, 24. 10. 1987, p. 1. 
ANNEX 1 
RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY 
List of sectors of application (as referred to in Article 3) and additional conditions (Article 6 (3)). 
1. Buildings 
1.1. Simple and cheap methods of improving the energy performance of existing buildings by demon­
strating more efficient ways of: 
(a) heating or air-conditioning premises; 
(b) producing domestic hot water; 
(c) regulating, controlling and metering heat; 
(d) improving the thermal characteristics of the building as such (insulation, draught-proofing); 
(e) recovering heat from the air extracted. 
1.2. Use of new processes or products for constructing buildings with a heated volume of at least 2 000 
m\ taking into account problems of condensation, ventilation, thermal inertia and fire and safety 
regulations. 
1.3. Projects relating to new urban or district heating networks. 
2. Industry 
2.1. Projects designed to make major changes to manufacturing processes by using advanced techno­
logies to bring about substantial reductions in energy consumption per unit of product under 
acceptable economic conditions. 
2.2. Projects implementing new technologies or using new equipment: 
(a) to reduce energy consumption by rationalizing an existing manufacturing process; 
(b) to recycle residual heat, particularly low temperature heat, in particular by using new heat 
exchangers and new methods of storing heat. 
No C 101/8 Official Journal of the European Communities 22. 4. 89 
2.3. Projects using proven techniques provided that (a) a combination of several such techniques will 
constitute an innovation and/or (b) a new application of one or more established technologies 
presents particular risks. 
2.4. Projects which, apart from energy efficiency, have other objectives, such as improving the quality 
of products or increasing automation, provided that saving energy is still the overriding objective. 
2.5. Projects designed to protect the environment by: 
(a) reducing emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere; 
(b) reducing emissions of pollutants into surface waters; 
(c) disposing of waste. 
2.6. Projects designed to improve management of energy consumption using new, replicable micro-elec­
tronic units. 
2.7. Projects designed to enhance energy efficiency in the conversion of agricultural products. 
Additional conditions relating to points 2.5 and 2.7: 
Ad 2.5: 
Provided that these projects also have the effect: 
(a) of improving the energy efficiency of installations; 
(b) preventing an increase in energy consumption as a result of the implementation of environmental 
protection regulations. 
Ad 2.7: 
Projects must comply with the broad lines of the common agricultural policy. 
3. Energy industry, electricity and heat 
3.1. More effective methods of producing heat and/or electricity for public use; methods for making 
full use of the waste heat from the energy industry, in particular district heating networks; demon­
strating new systems for raising the output of low enthalpy heat systems for use in district heating 
networks. 
3.2. More effective methods for the transportation and distribution of electricity by major energy 
producers (managing network loads, storage, etc.). 
3.3. Projects designed to improve management of heating networks (new ways of storing heat on a 
daily or seasonal basis, new ways of managing networks, etc.). 
4. Transport and urban infrastructure 
4.1. Projects which will significantly improve components as a means of improving the efficiency of 
vehicles and/or transport systems. 
4.2. Projects which aim to manage traffic more efficiently, particularly in towns and particularly in ways 
which benefit the environment. 
4.3. Projects designed to promote the use of alternative fuels by road vehicles. 
4.4. Projects designed to optimize the use of urban infrastructure in order to provide more advanced 
solutions and benefits in terms of the balance between energy, environment and employment. 
Additional conditions for the projects referred to in point 4.3 and 4.4: 
Ad 4.3: 
Proposals submitted should aim to prove benefits in terms of energy and the environment, together with 
technical and economic benefits at least for particular sections of the transport market (e.g. urban buses, 
dedicated fleets, etc.). 
Ad 4.4: 
Where duly jsutified, support may be limited solely to the study of feasibility and/or advisibility. 
22. 4. 89 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 101/9 
ANNEX II 
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES 
List of sectors of application (as referred to ip Article 3) and additional conditions (Article 6.3). 
1. Solar energy 
1.1. THERMAL APPLICATIONS 
Sectors of application 
conversion of solar energy into thermal energy using active and/or passive processes in: 
(a) buildings (not swimming pools); 
(b) industry; 
(c) agriculture and horticulture. 
Additional conditions 
(a) systems designed solely to procuce domestic hot water are excluded; 
(b) groups of dwellings must include at least five one-family homes; 
(c) special attention should be given to the architectural aspects of buildings and solar installations. 
1.2. PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS 
Sectors of application 
Conversion of solar energy using photovoltaic processes to supply electricity, preferably in isolated 
locations, for: 
(a) houses, groups of houses, small villages, means of telecommunication, signalling devices and 
alarms; 
(b) water pumping, purification or desalination plants; 
(c) other suitable applications, except street lighting. 
Additional conditions 
(a) groups of dwellings must include at least five one-family homes; 
(b) special attention should be given to the environmental and architectural aspects of the instal­
lation and to the arrangement of photovoltaic modules. 
2. Energy from biomass, agricultural products and waste 
Sectors of application 
(a) direct or indirect use of biomass and all plant, animal, urban and industrial waste (') and waste from 
specially cultivated energy crops; 
(b) use of technology to produce biomass for energy purposes or to convert biomass, agricultural 
products and waste in order to derive fuels, and projects entailing the use of these derivatives for 
direct and indirect energy use. 
Additional conditions 
projects must comply with the broad lines of Community environment and agricultural policy. 
(') Except for those types of waste which are covered by technological projects relating to solid fuels (see Annex III 
below). 
^oClOlBtO C^ffici^l]onrn^lof rhcEuron^^riC^ornrnunin^ ^ ^ ^ 
3. O^eot^err^al energy 
^ heating of dwellings, public premises, greenhouses and installations used for fish-farming 
^ use of heat in industrial processesr^e.g.for drying, and for desalinating sea waters 
^ producing electricity, including the use of r^ankine organic cycles to exploit medium enthalpy 
resources^ 
^ combined use of the above processes, in series or as alternatives. 
projects in these sectors must be designed^ 
^ to exploit geothermal resources in new areas, or new reservoirs in established areas^ 
^ the developmentof newmethods and technologies toreducethecost of underground and above^ 
ground operations, optimising the use of the available geothermal potential and solving problems of 
corrosion, scaling, reinjection or clogging. 
^t. ^lydroetect^ce^er^y 
production of energy forapublic network or for private use. 
^ rated power must be less than^OOOk^e, 
^ theprojectshouldapply newconcepts of design,construction, materials, methodof operationor 
control in order to improve economic viability or other important factors ^e.g.relability^ 
^ sites should be planned in suchaway as to take account of environmental protection requirements. 
^.^^nde^e^y 
setting up wind farms to produce electricity. 
^ wind farms should include at least five machines with total rated power in excess oft^Ok^ 
^ the technical features adopted should make it possible to reduce investment costs and make full use 
of available wind resources in order to improve the economic viability of projects^ 
^ particular attention should be paid to environmental aspects^ 
^ Community financial support for wind farm projects will be limited toamaximum of 30^Boof the 
total eligible cost,which in this case is defined as the extra cost of setting upawind farm instead of 
aconventional power plant. 
22. 4. 89 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 101/11 
ANNEX III 
COAL AND OTHER SOLID FUELS 
List of sectors of application (as referred to in Article 3) and additional conditions (Article 6 (3)). 
For the purposes of this Regulation, 'coal and other solid fuels' means anthracite, coal, lignite brown coal 
or any other derived fuel. Peat is also included when used as a fuel. 
1. Combustion 
Sectors of application 
new or improved clean combustion methods and the clean combustion of waste arising from the 
processing of coal and other solid fuels: 
(a) recirculating fluidized beds, particularly for the use of poor and difficult fuels; 
(b) pressurized fluidized beds; 
(c) low-Nox burners; 
(d) production and combustion of ultra-clean coals, including in the form of a coal/water mixture; 
(e) high temperature flue-gas scrubbing. 
Additional conditions 
combustion project relating to the following fields shall be excluded: 
(a) stationary fluidized beds, at atmospheric pressure, except projects designed to dispose of waste 
arising from the use of coal; 
(b) coal/liquid mixtures using non-purified coal; 
(c) pulverized coal, except the types mentioned above, unless novel technological advances are 
proposed. 
Applications aimed at private generation or the production of electricity from pressurised fluidised beds 
are considered to be of particular importance. 
2. Conversion 
Sectors of application 
conversion of coal and other solid fuels into gaseous or liquid products which will improve the 
Community's energy supply by reducing importation of hydrocarbons: 
(a) production of gas for raising heat in industry; 
(b) continuation of activities begun under Regulations (EEC) No 1302/78, (EEC) No 1971/83, (EEC) 
No 2125/84 and (EEC) No 3640/85. 
Additional conditions 
(a) projects to produce synthesis gases and pyrolysis projects are considered to be of secondary priority; 
(b) projects designed to produce substitute natural gas are excluded; 
(c) liquefaction projects are excluded, except for those already in progress under the Regulations 
mentioned above or those to be carried outside the Community based on technologies which were 
financed by the Commission on the basis of those Regulations. 
3. Waste 
Sectors of application 
use, treatment or enhancement of gaseous, liquid and solid wastes arising as a result of the use of coal 
and other solid fuels: 
No C 101/12 Official Journal of the European Communities 22. 4. 89 
(a) using the ash arising from fluidized bed combustion as a raw material in the building industry or in 
the manufacture of a raw material for the building industry; 
(b) new gas-scrubbing techniques. 
4. Gasification integrated with a combined gas/steam cycle 
Eligible projects designed to produce electricity in a module consisting of a gasifier producing a gas 
which is burned directly in a gas turbine and a thermodynamic steam cycle. Projects must use totally 
new configurations. 
Special conditions 
projects in this sector must: 
(a) be carried out on Community territory; 
(b) entail cooperation between several undertakings, one of which must be an electricity generating 
company, from several Member States; priority will be given to those projects which require the 
most extensive cooperation within the Community; 
(c) have a minimum capacity of 150 MWe; 
(d) use a gasifier constructed with the help of Community support in the framework of the programme 
of demonstration projects in the field of energy; 
(e) be appreciably more efficient than conventional power stations so as to reduce carbon dioxide 
emissions. 
The Commission shall be entitled to participate in meetings of the bodies managing gasification inte­
grated with combined cycle projects. 
ANNEX IV 
HYDROCARBONS 
List of fields of application (as referred to in Article 3) and additional conditions (Article 6 (3)). 
Those projects eligible under this Regulation are innovatory projects as defined in Article 2(1) and (2) (a) 
and those corresponding with the provisions of Article 4 of this Regulation. 
These projects relate to the onshore and offshore exploration, production, transportation and storage of oil 
and natural gas. Refining projects are excluded. 
The projects referred to in Article 2 (2) (b) are not included in this field of application. 
ANNEX V 
Associated measures (Article 5): 
(a) evaluating and analysing market features and potential (including any feasibility studies); 
(b) circulating information and "results of projects for wider dissemination within the Community; 
(c) monitoring, auditing projects and sectoral energy audits; 
(d) areas of technological cooperation; 
(e) encouraging industrial cooperation with third countries; 
(f) training staff; 
(g) using regional institutions to help with these activities.