TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 GENERAL INFORMATION.. 4

2 STATUS OF REPORTING AND COMPLIANCE.. 8

2.1 Main strengths. 9

2.2 Main weaknesses. 9

3 GOVERNANCE.. 10

3.1 River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs) – Structure, completeness, legal status. 10

3.2 Consultation.. 10

4 CHARACTERISATION OF RIVER BASIN DISTRICTS. 13

4.1 Typology of Surface Water. 13

4.2 Delineation of Surface Water Bodies. 14

4.3 Identification of significant pressures and impacts. 16

4.4 Protected areas. 20

5 MONITORING.. 22

5.1 Monitoring of Surface Waters. 24

5.2 Monitoring of Ground Waters. 25

5.3 Monitoring of Protected Areas. 25

6 STATUS. 30

7 ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF SURFACE WATERS. 50

7.1 Assessment methods. 51

7.2 Results. 54

8 DESIGNATION OF HMWB AND SETTING OF GOOD ECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL (GEP). 55

8.1 Designation of HMWB.. 55

8.2 Methodology for Good Ecological Potential (GEP). 55

8.3 Results HMWB and AWB.. 56

9 ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL STATUS OF SURFACE WATER.. 59

9.1 Methodology. 59

9.2 Substances causing exceedances. 59

9.3 Mixing zones. 62

10 ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER STATUS. 62

10.1 Quantitative status. 63

10.2 Chemical status. 63

10.3 Protected Areas. 63

11 OBJECTIVES AND EXEMPTIONS. 65

11.1 Introduction.. 65

11.2 Protected Areas. 66

11.3 Articles 4(4) and 4(5). 67

11.4 Article 4(6). 70

11.5 Article 4(7). 70

11.6 Exemptions under the Groundwater Directive. 71

12 PROGRAMME OF MEASURES. 71

12.1 Programme of Measures - General. 71

12.2 Measures related to agriculture. 75

12.3 Measures related to hydromorphology. 78

12.4 Measures related to groundwater. 81

12.5 Measures related to chemical pollution.. 82

12.6 Measures related to Article 9. 82

13 CLIMATE CHANGE.. 86

13.1 Water scarcity and droughts. 86

13.2 Flood risk management. 86

13.3 Adaptation to climate change. 86

14 RECOMMENDATIONS. 87

List of acronyms

AWB || Artificial Water Body

BQE || Biological Quality Element

CW || Coastal waters

CWB || Coastal Water Bodies

DMP || Drought Management Plans

DWPA || Drinking Water Protected Areas

Eflows || Ecological flows

GEP || Good Ecological Potential

GWB || Groundwater Bodies

HMWB || Heavily Modified Water Body

IPH || Instrucción de Planificación Hidrológica (Hydrological Planning Instruction)

LSO || Less Stringent Objectives

LW || Lakes

LWB || Lake Water Bodies

PA || Protected area

PoM || Programme of Measures

QE || Quality Element

RBD || River Basin District

RBMP || River Basin Management Plan

RPH || Reglamento de Planificación Hidrológica (Hydrological Planning Regulation)

RW || Rivers

RWB || River Water Bodies

SEA || Strategic Environmental Assessment

SWB || Surface Water Bodies

TW || Transitional waters

TWB || Transitional Water Bodies

WFD || Water Framework Directive

WISE || Water Information System for Europe

1 GENERAL INFORMATION

Figure 1.1: Map of River Basin Districts

|| || || International River Basin Districts (within EU)

|| || || International River Basin Districts (outside EU)

|| || || National River Basin Districts (within EU)

|| || || Countries (outside EU)

|| || || Coastal Waters

Source: WISE, Eurostat (country borders)

The transposition of the WFD (Directive 2000/60/EC) into Spanish law was made by Article 129 of Law 62/2003 regarding fiscal, administrative and social measures (Spanish Official Gazette (BOE) No. 313 of 31 December 2003) which amended the consolidated text of the Water Act, approved by Royal Legislative Decree 1/2001. A number of minor regulations closed transposition gaps and enabled the planning process in the first cycle. In this context, the following Royal Decrees (RDs) are of relevance:

· Regulation of Hydrological Planning (Reglamento de Planificación Hidrológica (RPH) (Real Decreto 907/2007, de 6 julio, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de la Planificación Hidrológica, BOE 07-07-2007); and its subsequent modification by RD 1161/2010 de 17 de septiembre).

· Definition of the limits of River Basin Districts (RBDs) (by RD 125/2007, de 2 de febrero, que fija el ámbito territorial de las demarcaciones hidrográficas (artículo 16 bis 5 del TRLA)).

· Competent Authorities (RD 126/2007, de 2 de febrero, que regula la composición, funcionamiento y atribuciones de los Comités de Autoridades Competentes de las demarcaciones hidrográficas con cuencas intercomunitarias (artículo 36 bis del TRLA)).

The Ministerial Order for Hydrological Planning (ORDEN ARM/2656/2008 sobre Instrucción de Planificación Hidrológica (IPH)) is a complementary intra-ministerial regulation tool that defines precisely the procedures for the planning process and other substantial obligations such as the conditions for granting exceptions and the monitoring and classification of the ecological and chemical status of surface waters. However, the IPH applies only –to rivers that flow through different regions[1] (ES010, ES017, ES018, ES020, ES030, ES040, ES050, ES070, ES080, ES091), and not to rivers that are completely within the territory of one region[2] (ES014, ES060, ES063, ES064, ES100, ES110 and ES12X). This is due to the distribution of competences between State and regions established by the Spanish Constitution (Articles 149.1.22 and 148.1.10), where catchments shared by more than one Region are the exclusive competence of the State, and intra-community catchments are the exclusive competence of the Regions. National Laws and Decrees are considered (in full or in part) as basic rules that apply across the country, but Ministerial Orders do not bind Regions. Additional legislation at Regional level is therefore needed to ensure that Spanish legislation fully complies with the Directive[3]. Nevertheless, the IPH has been used as a “guidance document” in the development of intra-community RBMPs. Further guidance documents have been developed and are either available as draft or final versions, both at National or Regional levels, in particular for ES100.

At Regional level, several Water Laws have been approved in the past decade to adapt legislation to comply with the WFD, including Catalonia (2003), Basque Country (2006), Andalusia (2010) and Galicia (2010 and 2015).

Spain has a long track record of water quantity focused Hydrological Planning, aimed at ensuring adequate water supply for existing and future demands. This process delivered RBMPs for all RBDs (different from the current delimitation) in the late 1990s, plus a National Hydrological Plan approved in 2001. This Plan was partially derogated (Ebro-Segura inter-basin transfer) in 2004.

RBD || Name || Size (km2)* || Countries sharing borders

ES010 || Minho-Sil || 17619 || PT

ES014 || Galician Coast || 12988 || -

ES017 || Cantábrico Oriental || 6405 || FR

ES018 || Cantábrico Occidental || 19002 || -

ES020 || Duero || 78889 || PT

ES030 || Tagus || 55781 || PT

ES040 || Guadiana || 55528 || PT

ES050 || Guadalquivir || 57228 || -

ES060 || Andalusia Mediterranean Basins || 20010 || -

ES063 || Guadalete and Barbate || 5969 || -

ES064 || Tinto, Odiel and Piedras || 4729 || -

ES070 || Segura || 19025 || -

ES080 || Jucar || 42735 || -

ES091 || Ebro || 85570 || AD, FR

ES100 || Internal Basins of Catalonia || 16438 || FR

ES110 || Balearic Islands || 4968 || -

ES120 || Gran Canaria || 1558 || -

ES122 || Fuerteventura || 1660 || -

ES123 || Lanzarote || 836 || -

ES124 || Tenerife || 2033 || -

ES125 || La Palma || 706 || -

ES126 || La Gomera || 370 || -

ES127 || El Hierro || 269 || -

ES150 || Ceuta || 20 || MA

ES160 || Melilla || 24 || MA

Table 1.1: Overview of Spain’s River Basin Districts

* Area in Spanish territory.

Source: WISE, River Basin Management Plans and information provided by Spain (2014)[4]

Name international river basin || National RBD || Countries sharing borders || Co-ordination category

2 || 4

km² || % || km² || %

Miño/Minho || ES010 || PT || 16226 || 95.0 || ||

Duero/Douro || ES020 || PT || 78859 || 80.7 || ||

Guadiana || ES040 || PT || 55454 || 82.7 || ||

Ebro || ES091 || AD, FR || 85534 || 99 || ||

Segre (Sub-Basin Ebro/Rhone) || ES091 || AD, FR || 18750 || 95.2 || ||

Catalan || ES100 || FR || 16438 || 99,9 || ||

Lima/Limia || ES010 || PT || 1326 || 52.9 || ||

Tajo/Tejo || ES030 || PT || 55772 || 78.3 || ||

Garonne || ES017/ES091 || FR || 555 || 0.7 || ||

Nive (Sub-Basin Adour-Garonne RBD) || ES017 || FR || 121 || 19.0 || ||

Nivelle (Sub-Basin Adour-Garonne RBD) || ES017 || FR || 70 || 12.0 || ||

Bidasoa (Sub-Basin Adour-Garonne RBD) || ES017 || FR || 689 || 97.0 || ||

Ceuta || ES150 || MA || || || 20 || 100

Melilla || ES160 || MA || || || 24 || 100

Table 1.2: Transboundary river basins by category (see CSWD section 8.1) and % share in Spain[5]

Category 1: Co-operation agreement, co-operation body, RBMP in place.

Category 2: Co-operation agreement, co-operation body in place.

Category 3: Co-operation agreement in place.

Category 4: No co-operation formalised.

Source: EC Comparative study of pressures and measures in the major river basin management plans in the EU, and Information provided by Spain.

Regarding the shared catchments with other MS/third countries, the following overview information can be provided:

· With Portugal – Miño (ES010), Duero (ES020), Tagus (ES030) and Guadiana (ES040); regulated by the Albufeira Convention[6].

· With France – Cantábrico Oriental (ES017), Ebro (ES091) and Catalonia (ES100). Since 2003 annual co-ordination meetings have taken place, and since 2006 the Toulouse Agreement is in place according to Art 3 WFD. ES017 provides information that there is no need to establish a common international RBMP. A Co-ordination Committee for the follow-up of the WFD implementation and water management in transboundary rivers is in place.

· With Andorra – Ebro (ES091).

· With Morocco – Ceuta (ES150) and Melilla (ES160).

2 STATUS OF REPORTING AND COMPLIANCE

At the time of compiling this report, Spain has adopted and reported the following 18 RBMPs to the European Commission (by year of adoption): ES100 (2011); ES014, ES060, ES063 and ES064 (2012); ES010, ES017, ES018, ES020, ES040, ES050, ES110, ES150, and ES160 (2013); and ES030, ES070, ES080 and ES091 (2014)[7]. RBMPs have not yet been adopted (December 2014) for the following 7 RBDs: ES120, ES122, ES123, ES124, ES125, ES126 and ES127. Full details are provided in the following table.

RBD || RBMP Date of Adoption || RBMP Date of Reporting

ES010 || 19/04/2013 || 28/06/2013

ES014 || 14/09/2012 || 28/06/2013

ES017 || 07/06/2013 || 12/02/2014

ES018 || 07/06/2013 || 21/10/2013

ES020 || 21/06/2013 || 15/11/2013

ES030 || 11/04/2014 || 03/11/2014

ES040 || 17/05/2013 || 01/07/2013

ES050 || 17/05/2013 || 16/07/2013

ES060 || 14/09/2012 || 01/08/2013

ES063 || 14/09/2012 || 01/08/2013

ES064 || 14/09/2012 || 28/06/2013

ES070 || 11/07/2014 || 20/10/2014

ES080 || 11/07/2014 || 05/11/2014

ES091 || 28/02/2014 || 30/10/2014

ES100 || 05/09/2011[8] || 24/02/2014

ES110 || 06/09/2013 || 17/10/2014

ES120 || Not yet adopted ||

ES122 || Not yet adopted ||

ES123 || Not yet adopted ||

ES124 || Not yet adopted ||

ES125 || Not yet adopted ||

ES126 || Not yet adopted ||

ES127 || Not yet adopted ||

ES150 || 27/09/2013 || 29/10/2014

ES160 || 27/09/2013 || 29/10/2014

Table 2.1: Adoption and reporting to the Commission of Spain's RBMPs.

Source: RBMPs, Official Public Gazette and River Basin Autorities' websites, WISE and Information provided by Spain (2014).

A summary of the main strengths and weaknesses of the Spanish RBMPs is presented below:

2.1 Main strengths There has been an extensive technical work carried out by the river basin authorities in the preparation of the RBMPs. The RBMPs are complete and structured documents, which generally include numerous annexes with a significant amount of detailed information and background documents. Quantitative aspects are considered, with water balances done for each RBD and ecological flows calculated for many river stretches. Significant efforts have been made to ensure a broad public participation in the process of development of the RBMP. All RBMPs have gone through a strategic environmental assessment.

2.2 Main weaknesses The late approval of RBMPs[9] (Canary Islands not approved yet – December 2014). Spain should ensure the timely adoption of the next RBMPs. Further work is needed to ensure WFD is fully transposed in all intra-community RBDs. The gaps on characterisation, the deficiencies in monitoring programmes and in the status assessment methods have resulted in an important number of water bodies with unreliable or unknown status. This undermines the whole planning process and compromises the definition of the necessary measures and the achievement of environmental objectives. Furthermore, environmental objectives are missing for a relatively high number of water bodies, or are delayed until 3rd planning cycle (2027) without proper justification. Quantitative management of water is linked to quality objectives through the establishment of ecological flows in many river stretches, but these are generally not clearly linked to the achievement of good status. High number of new infrastructure projects are planned, but the conditions for application of exemptions (WFD Article 4(7)) have not been included in the RBMPs and the potential impacts on the status are generally not reflected in the environmental objectives of water bodies. Cost recovery instruments have not been adapted to the WFD requirements. As a consequence, there is a lack of adequate incentives for efficient use of the resource and the adequate contribution to the recovery from different users is not guaranteed. Environmental and resource costs are high but not included in the recovery. River basin authorities do not have sufficient resources to exert an effective control of water uses in the RBDs. Despite its importance for management and planning purposes, the register of water abstractions is not yet completed in Spain. Metering of water uses should be generalised. The consideration of water dependent protected areas should be improved. Specific objectives, monitoring and measures need to be included in the RBMPs in order to ensure the favourable conservation status of water-dependent protected habitats and species. 3 GOVERNANCE

3.1 River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs) – Structure, completeness, legal status

RBMPs are adopted by the Government through a Royal Decree, which is published in the Spanish Official Gazette, except for the Canary Islands (RBDs ES12X), for which the RBMPs are finally adopted by a Decree of the regional government. Regionally-managed RBDs are preceded by approval by the Regional Government. The legal part of the RBMPs is therefore binding for third parties.

The RBMPs consist of a package of documents including the main text (several hundreds of pages), and a varying number and length of Annexes and Appendices, that sometimes include preparatory or background documents (e.g. detailed characterisation studies of certain groundwater bodies (GWB)), thus often amounting several thousands of pages. They are usually well structured, with different degrees of technical detail between the main text and the Appendices.

Nonetheless, some information is missing or has not been identified in the screening assessment of some of the RBMPs, such as the result of the public consultation and its integration in the RBMP; links between pressures, objectives and measures; information at water body level (pressures, status, objectives and measures); or the results of the tasks/studies carried out (e.g. status classification by different quality elements, modelling exercises, cost-effectiveness analysis).

3.2 Consultation

Though Spain had previous experience in managing water at the river basin level and establishing RBMPs, the WFD process started late in all RBDs.

The establishment of RBDs and competent authorities (due in 2003) was done late and the Commission took Spain to Court[10]. The case was not closed until 2011.

Table 3.2.1 provides an overview of the dates of the WFD Article 14 consultation steps and the dates of adoption of the RBMPs. The dates reflect the delay in implementation in respect to the deadlines foreseen in the WFD.

Regarding the publication of the final RBMPs, the first plan (ES100) was formally approved on 02/09/2011, almost 2 years late compared to the deadlines set in the WFD (December 2009). The rest of the RMPs have been approved since then, with increasing delay regarding the deadlines and the public consultation process (more than 2 years difference in many cases). The adoption of the Canary Islands RBMPs (ES12X) is still pending at the time of finalising this report (December 2014).

RBD || Timetable, work programme and statement on consultation measures || Significant water management issues || Draft RBMP || Final adoption RBMP

Due dates || 22/12/2006 || 22/12/2007 || 22/12/2008 || 22/12/2009

ES010 || 26/07/2007 || 31/07/2008 || 15/12/2010 || 19/04/2013

ES014 || 28/04/2008 || 28/01/2009 || 20/08/2010 || 14/09/2012

ES017 || 26/07/2007 || 31/07/2008 || 04/05/2011 || 07/06/2013

ES018 || 26/07/2007 || 31/07/2008 || 04/05/2011 || 07/06/2013

ES020 || 26/07/2007 || 31/07/2008 || 15/12/2010 || 21/06/2013

ES030 || 26/07/2007 || 31/07/2008 || 20/03/2013 || 11/04/2014

ES040 || 26/07/2007 || 31/07/2008 || 25/05/2011 || 17/05/2013

ES050 || 26/07/2007 || 31/07/2008 || 15/12/2010 || 17/05/2013

ES060 || 02/07/2008 || 28/05/2009 || 22/05/2010 || 14/09/2012

ES063 || 01/02/2008 and 22/05/2010 || 28/05/2009 || 22/05/2010 || 14/09/2012

ES064 || 01/02/2008 and 22/05/2010 || 28/05/2009 || 22/05/2010 || 14/09/2012

ES070 || 26/07/2007 || 31/07/2008 || 07/06/2013 || 11/07/2014

ES080 || 26/07/2007 || 18/12/2009 || 07/08/2013 || 11/07/2014

ES091 || 26/07/2007 || 31/07/2008 || 12/05/2012 || 28/02/2014

ES100 || 01/11/2006 || 01/12/2007 || 16/12/2009 || 02/09/2011

ES110 || 10/2006 || 06/2007 || 01/09/2008 09/11/2011 || 06/09/2013

ES120 || 03/2009 || 21/12/2009 || 10/10/2013 ||

ES122 || 25/12/2009 || || 04/12/2013 ||

ES123 || 20/05/2009 || || 09/10/2013 ||

ES124 || || || 05/05/2010 ||

ES125 || 28/11/2008 || 22/05/2010 || 07/08/2012 ||

ES126 || 12/03/2009 || 15/05/2012 || 09/08/2013 ||

ES127 || 18/12/2009 || 2011 || 15/12/2012 ||

ES150 || 30/10/2012 || 01/12/2012 || 28/12/2012 || 27/09/2013

ES160 || 30/10/2012 || 30/11/2012 || 28/12/2012 || 27/09/2013

Table 3.2.1: Timeline of the different steps of the consultation process

Source: WISE, RBMPs and ES websites and Information provided by Spain (2014). Note that the dRBMP ES110 has been consulted twice.

Though the timing of consultation has in general been delayed, all RBMPs have respected the 6 months required length of consultation during the drafting process. All RBMPs provide details of the consultation process, and some (e.g. ES100, ES010, ES020, ES050, ES080) publish also overviews and summary data on the key impact of public consultation on the contents of the RBMP. During the consultation, usually several hundreds of formal comments have been received on the consulted documents, and many plans provide a sub-classification of items within each of the comments. Some RBMPs (e.g. ES080, ES100) provide a clear and transparent response on whether and how each individual comment has been integrated within the plans, but others do not.

During the RBMP drafting process, many RBDs started significant processes of active involvement directed at the public (e.g. brochures, campaigns), stakeholders (geographical, sector or topic workshops) and other meetings. The efforts in ES091 to develop events at local level and in ES100 to draft plans/PoMs at river-stretch level should be noted.

Some RBMPs (e.g. ES091, ES110 – with two consultation periods) have significantly changed the content of their draft versions, and changes in information, criteria and text have been reported for several RBMPs, though not necessarily documented in WISE or corresponding summaries (e.g. ES020).

All RBMPs have undergone a SEA process.

In addition to the formal public consultation, the Spanish legislation foresees a number of consultation and decision making steps before adoption of the RBMPs. The Committee of Competent Authorities[11], aimed at promoting co-operation between national, regional and local organisations in the application of the WFD, approves the RBMPs before submission to the RBD Water Advisory Boards for their opinion. These RBD Boards are composed by representatives of authorities, water users and stakeholders[12]. It should be noted that despite a majority supporting the plans, significant votes against the RBMPs occurred in ES050 (by the Regional Government of Andalusia) and ES091 (by the Regional Government of Catalonia) at the respective RBD Board meetings (see Figure 3.2.1). Reports of the Board meetings are neither included in the RBMPs nor available at the RBDs websites.

Figure 3.2.1: Support within the National Water Advisory Board to RBMPs

Source: Information provided by Spain (2014).

4 CHARACTERISATION OF RIVER BASIN DISTRICTS

4.1 Typology of Surface Water

The general methodology for the establishment of types and reference conditions has been regulated by the IPH (section 2.2.1.3 and 2.2.1.4 and Annexes II and III) following a spatially-based technical proposal by Spanish Research Centre CEDEX. The IPH establishes 32 river types, 30 lake types, 13 transitional water types and 20 coastal water types.

Additional types have been established by River Basin Authorities (RBAs) (e.g. coastal types in ES070 and river types in ES110 - this latter still in process). The following number of surface water (SW) types has been considered in the RBMPs:

RBD || Rivers || Lakes || Transitional || Coastal

ES010 || 9 || 3 || 1 || 1

ES014 || 7 || 0 || 3 || 7

ES017 || 6 || 3 || 3 || 1

ES018 || 12 || 5 || 6 || 3

ES020 || 17 || 7 || ||

ES030 || 27 || 8 || ||

ES040 || 14 || 12 || 1 || 2

ES050 || 17 || 12 || 3 || 2

ES060 || 13 || 7 || 4 || 4

ES063 || 7 || 4 || 2 || 3

ES064 || 6 || 1 || 3 || 2

ES070 || 10 || 4 || 2 || 5

ES080 || 12 || 7 || 2 || 6

ES091 || 9 || 19 || 2 || 1

ES100 || 15 || 12 || 3 || 8

ES110 || 2 || 0 || 4 || 4

ES120 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||

ES122 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||

ES123 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||

ES124 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||

ES125 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||

ES126 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||

ES127 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||

ES150 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2

ES160 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 2

Sum || 32 || 30 || 13 || 21

Table 4.2.1: Surface water body types at RBD level

Source: WISE and Information provided by Spain.

For river type water bodies, system B has been chosen for all categories based on a variety of data (hydrological, geological, physical, climatic, etc.) and it is not clear if they have been tested against biological data. Occasionally, system A has also been used.

Tabulated values for reference conditions and class boundaries have been established by the IPH for rivers but not for all surface water body types. The IPH does not include values for lake and transitional water body types[13]. It is also unclear how the IPH reference conditions and class boundaries have been established. After the IPH approval, the Spanish Ministry of the Environment carried out complementary work to preliminarily establish reference conditions for additional types.

4.2 Delineation of Surface Water Bodies

General criteria for the delineation of water bodies are also included in the IPH (section 2.2.1.1), again based on work performed by CEDEX (river and lake water categories). Each RBD has applied the criteria depending on its particular conditions.

The following overview table 4.3.1 gives information on the number of water bodies. ES122 and ES123 share a common coastal water body (Eastern Islands), but this has only be assigned to ES122 in the table 4.3.1 (and in the following ones) to avoid double counting.

RBD || Surface Water || Groundwater

Rivers || Lakes || Transitional || Coastal

Number || Average Length (km) || Number || Average Area (sq km) || Number || Average Area (sq km) || Number || Average Area (sq km) || Number || Average Area (sq km)

ES010 || 270 || 16.49 || 3 || 0.48 || 4 || 6.33 || 1 || 15.98 || 6 || 2934.1

ES014 || 411 || 10.63 || 0 || 0 || 22 || 4.77 || 29 || 110.26 || 18 || 729.5

ES017 || 109 || 14.23 || 11 || 0.41 || 14 || 3.46 || 4 || 144.43 || 28 || 205.0

ES018 || 250 || 15.39 || 7 || 0.23 || 21 || 4.37 || 15 || 103.75 || 20 || 693.6

ES020 || 696 || 19.95 || 14 || 0.89 || || || || || 64 || 1232.6

ES030 || 308 || 29.44 || 16 || 0.95 || || || || || 24 || 910.1

ES040 || 249 || 35.95 || 58 || 1.05 || 4 || 12.85 || 2 || 31.31 || 20 || 1124.1

ES050 || 392 || 27.68 || 35 || 27.11 || 13 || 10.64 || 3 || 163.56 || 60 || 624.6

ES060 || 133 || 16.79 || 8 || 2.59 || 7 || 2.14 || 27 || 76.53 || 67 || 155.2

ES063 || 65 || 17.19 || 10 || 0.23 || 10 || 12.26 || 12 || 44.65 || 14 || 304.5

ES064 || 48 || 19.57 || 5 || 0.25 || 11 || 14.33 || 4 || 43.69 || 4 || 257.5

ES070 || 90 || 19.13 || 6 || 6.39 || 1 || 25.17 || 17 || 71.13 || 63 || 243.8

ES080 || 304 || 18.60 || 19 || 2.22 || 4 || 3.69 || 22 || 97.09 || 90 || 453.6

ES091 || 700 || 19.10 || 110 || 0.74 || 8 || 19.42 || 3 || 103.40 || 105 || 521.5

ES100 || 261 || 15.28 || 27 || 0.15 || 25 || 0.08 || 33 || 48.47 || 39 || 288.6

ES110 || 94 || 6.16 || 0 || 0 || 36 || 1.23 || 42 || 89.18 || 90 || 52.6

ES120 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 6 || 549.90 || 10 || 155.8

ES122 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 5 || 444.70 || 4 || 413.2

ES123 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 6 || 375.70 || 1 || 846.1

ES124 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 11 || 72.68 || 4 || 508.2

ES125 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 5 || 55.00 || 5 || 142.0

ES126 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 41.00 || 5 || 73.6

ES127 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 3 || 261.48 || 3 || 89.7

ES150 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 3 || 13.48 || 1 || 11.2

ES160 || 1 || 5.35 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 3 || 3.54 || 3 || 5.0

Total || 4.381 || 19.76 || 329 || 3.76 || 180 || 5.54 || 260 || 105.88 || 748 || 482.8

Table 4.3.1: Surface water bodies, groundwater bodies and their dimensions

Source: WISE, RBMPs and information provided by Spain (2014).

Spain has delineated 4,381 River Water Bodies (RWB), 329 Lake Water Bodies (LWB), 180 Transitional Water Bodies (TWB) and 260 Coastal Water Bodies (CWB). The average length of RWB is 19 km, and the average surface of LWB is 3 km2, of TWB 5 km2 and of CWB 105 km2. Significant larger averages have been identified for RWBs in ES030, ES040 and ES050. The reasons for such differences are not clear.

Spain has delineated 748 GWB, with an average size of 482 km2; a significantly larger average size has been applied in ES010. The reasons for these differences are not clear.

The minimum size of small water bodies has been set at 5 km length for RWB, 0.5 km2 for LWB (or 0.08 km2 if the lake is deeper than 3 metres, or whatever dimensions if protected in the Ramsar list), 0.5 km2 for TWB and 5 km length of coastline for CWB.

Following the National CEDEX guidance, minor lakes are frequently aggregated to conform a LWB (e.g. lagoon complex), thus reflecting much better the large number of small LWB in Spain. Similarly, small river stretches of different typology may be added to connecting larger ones.

In the case of TWB, limits are established following geographical parameters (public coastal maritime domain), but consider also chemical aspects such as the salinity gradient in the river, and the penetration of freshwater into the sea, and other criteria associated with the description of the status of the TWB.

4.3 Identification of significant pressures and impacts

The identification of the pressures and impacts of human activity on water bodies was done for the first time in the context of the IMPRESS study on the basis of the “Guidance to identifying pressures and impact analysis in surface waters (2005)” (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the Guidance). This study included the identification and the assessment of pressures and impacts associated with point and non-point pollution, significant water withdrawals and returns, regulation works, hydromorphological alterations, and other significant anthropogenic impacts on water bodies. The approach relied first on a qualitative assessment and, in a second stage, on a quantitative assessment based on a simplified model. The objective of this study was to identify the water bodies at risk of failing the WFD environmental objectives.

For the purpose of the qualitative assessment, the Guidance included thresholds of significance for the various pressure categories. The impact was estimated or measured and assessed as "confirmed" "probable", "no impact" or "no data". On this basis the final assessment of risk of failing environmental objectives was established, which depended on the characteristics of each water body.

The 2008 IPH[14], on the basis of which the RBMPs were to be developed, included further thresholds for the purpose of including a comprehensive inventory of pressures in the RBMPs. The link to significance in terms of risk, however, is no longer evident, as there is no reference to impact or risk assessment in the IPH. Indeed the Spanish legislation (RPH, IPH) does not require for surface water the identification of water bodies at risk of failing the environmental objectives due to significant pressures. According to the WFD this risk assessment should be based on all available information on pressures, impacts and status as well as trends in the water uses. The result of this assessment should then be used to inform the design of the monitoring programmes and the programmes of measures. The risk assessment is essential to complement the information on status gathered in the previous cycle, to identify potential risk of deterioration of water bodies due to increasing pressures and to target effectively the monitoring efforts.

Abstractions larger than 20000 m3/yr are defined as significant. Cumulative abstractions in rivers are being dealt with by assessing upstream abstractions compared with natural flows, considering a 40% (or other RBD-specific) threshold as significant. Prolonged drought periods are considered as the natural flow is calculated using long term averages.

Thresholds for the inventory of hydromorphological pressures (dams, transfers, dikes, etc.) are defined in the IPH. Other pressures like the introduction of invasive species, polluted sediments, or land drainage (or angling, recreation, ES020) are listed for identification, but no guidance is given for when considering them as “significant” pressures and they are judged on a case by case basis at RBD level.

The IPH establishes a list of categories of point and diffuse sources that need to be included in the inventory. Thresholds are provided for a few of these categories (for example discharges from aquaculture facilities larger than 100000 m3/yr)[15]. Criteria for the main diffuse sources are generally not given in the IPH, but have been defined by each RBMPs. However, the method used to establish the significance is not clear.

In general, for the preparation of the RBMPs, and in order to consider cumulative effects, the inventory of pressures was used as input for modelling tools.

The identification of (significant) impacts is generally well linked to pressures (e.g. water uses) when dealing with water abstractions and point source pollution, and some plans provide comprehensive overviews on all pressures related to water bodies (e.g. ES080). In the case of diffuse pollution (e.g. ES070) or hydromorphological alterations (e.g. ES030, ES070), the picture is often more complicated, and no clear relationship with impacts has been described for these pressures within many RBMPs at water body level.

Significant point source pressures have been identified for more than 1750 water bodies, namely for ES014, ES018, ES020, ES050, ES091 and ES100 which are RBDs with significant urban and industrial developments.

Significant diffuse source pressures have been identified in more than 1200 water bodies. The pressures are particularly prevalent in the RBDs ES014, ES080, ES091 and ES100. Some agricultural land-use intensive RBDs, however, like ES040 and ES070 have not reported significant diffuse source pressures.

High percentages of water bodies subject to significant water abstraction have been identified in one northern river basin district (ES018) and some southern river basin districts (ES040, and ES050). Despite water quantity being a significant problem in some of the river basins, these have not identified large numbers of water bodies affected by significant abstraction pressures (e.g. ES063, ES064, ES070, ES080, ES091, and ES110).

According to the Spanish authorities, this apparent mismatch between the relatively low percentages of water bodies reported as subject to significant pressures and the severity of the perceived problem is, at least in part, due to the fact that Spain reported to WISE only the result of the qualitative pressure and impact assessment, which is not accurate in case of diffuse sources of pollution or water abstraction. However, this casts doubt about the reliability of the thresholds of significance used for the pressure inventories and the usability of the information reported. It is not clear why there are so large differences across the different basins if they were supposed to use the same thresholds (as included in the IPH). And it is also unclear why Spain did not report to WISE the result of the final and complete assessment of pressures and impacts, although it may have to do with the fact that the risk assessment resulting from the pressure and impact analysis is not required by the Spanish legislation, as explained above, and is therefore wrongly seen as a one-off exercise that was due only in 2005 as part of the preparation of the first RBMP.

Significant water flow regulations and hydromorphological alterations have been identified for more than 1550 surface water bodies most likely caused by the high number of large dams in Spain (1350), and many other hydromorphological alterations. A high proportion of surface water bodies (>60%) affected by such pressures can be found in ES017, ES018, and ES020. Relatively low values (<20%) have been reported for ES010, ES014, ES030, ES050, ES060, and ES091, despite the large number of dams and river infrastructure existing in most of these basins. Again, there is no plausible explanation for these large differences unless approaches used in the RBDs were significantly different.

River management as a significant pressure appears to be interpreted in different ways in the RBDs, as a few of the RBMPs report significant pressures (e.g. ES017, ES018) and others no single significant pressure (e.g. ES010, ES020, ES030, ES040, ES063, ES064, ES080, ES091 and ES100).

Transitional and coastal water management have been identified as significant pressures for 117 water bodies (40 % of TW and CW). Significant pressures have been reported mainly for ES018, ES060, and ES070. No such pressures were identified for ES010, ES040, ES050, ES063 ES064, ES080, ES091 and ES110, though ports and navigation, as well as recreational activities and sand dredging are present in the RBDs, and despite the fact that inventories of pressures include as relevant connectivity alterations, channelling, sluices, land occupation, dredging and beach regeneration.

Other pressures have been identified for a large number of surface water bodies (more than 1000), in particular in ES014, ES018, ES080 and ES100.

No pressures have been identified in more than 1900 Spanish surface water bodies. ES018 and ES070 report only less than 20 surface water bodies with no significant pressure; and large numbers of surface water bodies with no pressures are reported from ES010, ES030, ES050 and in particular ES091 (77% of the surface water bodies have no pressure). When compared to the status, it is nonetheless surprising that in ES030, ES091 and ES110 there appears to be a much lower number of surface water bodies in good status in 2009 than the number of water bodies with no pressure (ES030: 243 water bodies without pressure vs. 170 water bodies in good status; ES091: 635 water bodies without pressure vs. 226 water bodies in good status; and ES110: 129 water bodies without pressure vs. 73 water bodies in good status). This comparison indicates an inconsistency in the planning process, either within the identification of pressures or the classification of status. And again, figures show significant differences in approach that questions the effectiveness of the harmonisation efforts.

There is a significant difference between data included in many of the RBMPs and provided via WISE, hampering a good understanding of the challenges faced in the RBDs, e.g. ES020 RBMP develops a significant analysis of diffuse pollution, meanwhile according to WISE no water body is affected by such type of pressures. This may be due to the fact that only the qualitative analysis was reported but it is unclear and confusing.

RBD || No pressures || Point source || Diffuse source || Water abstraction || Flow regulations and morphological alterations || River management || Transitional and coastal water management || Other morphological alterations || Other pressures

No. || % || No. || % || No. || % || No. || % || No || % || No. || % || No. || % || No. || % || No. || %

ES010 || 200 || 71.9 || 58 || 20.9 || 34 || 12.2 || 49 || 17.6 || 47 || 16.9 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 30 || 10.8

ES014 || 63 || 13.6 || 178 || 38.5 || 181 || 39.2 || 3 || 0.6 || 54 || 11.7 || 22 || 4.8 || 18 || 3.9 || 0 || 0.0 || 277 || 60.0

ES017 || 25 || 18.1 || 75 || 54.3 || 33 || 23.9 || 74 || 53.6 || 89 || 64.5 || 77 || 55.8 || 12 || 8.7 || 0 || 0.0 || 59 || 42.8

ES018 || 12 || 4.1 || 177 || 60.4 || 17 || 5.8 || 189 || 64.5 || 198 || 67.6 || 156 || 53.2 || 31 || 10.6 || 0 || 0.0 || 175 || 59.7

ES020 || 160 || 22.5 || 264 || 37.2 || 92 || 13 || 74 || 10.4 || 439 || 61.8 || 0 || 0.0 || || || 0 || 0.0 || 1 || 0.1

ES030 || 243 || 75.0 || 67 || 20.7 || 18 || 5.6 || 45 || 13.9 || 20 || 6.2 || 0 || 0.0 || || || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0

ES040 || 36 || 11.5 || 136 || 43.5 || 23 || 7.3 || 166 || 53.0 || 113 || 36.1 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 68 || 21.7

ES050 || 210 || 47.4 || 163 || 36.8 || 78 || 17.6 || 147 || 33.2 || 84 || 19.0 || 57 || 12.9 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 29 || 6.5

ES060 || 20 || 11.4 || 119 || 68.0 || 87 || 49.7 || 86 || 49.1 || 32 || 18.3 || 12 || 6.9 || 28 || 16.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 11 || 6.3

ES063 || 54 || 55.7 || 33 || 34.0 || 40 || 41.2 || 26 || 26.8 || 35 || 36.1 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 1 || 1.0

ES064 || 38 || 55.9 || 22 || 32.4 || 25 || 36.8 || 17 || 25.0 || 26 || 38.2 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 10 || 14.7

ES070 || 14 || 12.3 || 38 || 33.3 || 73 || 64.0 || 40 || 35.1 || 34 || 29.8 || 32 || 28.1 || 13 || 11.4 || 0 || 0.0 || 42 || 36.8

ES080 || 64 || 18.3 || 122 || 35.0 || 201 || 57.6 || 78 || 22.3 || 140 || 40.1 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 145 || 41.5

ES091 || 635 || 77.3 || 147 || 17.9 || 155 || 18.9 || 39 || 4.8 || 120 || 14.6 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 5 || 0.6 || 1 || 0.1

ES100 || 54 || 15.6 || 159 || 46.0 || 117 || 33.8 || 62 || 17.9 || 109 || 31.5 || 0 || 0.0 || 14 || 4.0 || 17 || 4.9 || 185 || 53.5

ES110 || 129 || 75.0 || 18 || 10.5 || 32 || 18.6 || 9 || 5.2 || 11 || 6.4 || 10 || 5.8 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 13 || 7.6

ES120 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES122 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES123 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES124 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES125 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES126 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES127 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES150 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES160 || 1 || 25.0 || 2 || 50.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 2 || 50.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 1 || 25.0 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0.0

Total || 1958 || 38.3 || 1778 || 34.8 || 1206 || 23.4 || 1104 || 21.4 || 1553 || 30.4 || 366 || 7.2 || 117 || 2.3 || 22 || 0.4 || 1047 || 20.5

Table 4.4.1: Number and percentage of surface water bodies affected by significant pressures.

Source: WISE and information provided by Spain (2014). No data available for ES12X, and ES150.

Figure 4.4.1: Graph of percentage of surface water bodies affected by significant pressures

1 = No pressures

2 = Point source

3 = Diffuse source

4 = Water abstraction

5 = Water flow regulations and morphological alterations

6 = River management

7 = Transitional and coastal water management

8 = Other morphological alterations

9 = Other pressures

Source: WISE. No data available for ES12X, and ES150.

4.4 Protected areas

More than 28800 Protected Areas have been reported for those RBDs with WISE data available, an average of 5 Protected Areas per water body.

Of these, by far the largest number corresponds to the more than 21000 Protected Areas for abstraction for drinking water, an average of 4.9 such Protected Areas per water body. The Ebro (ES091) is the RBD with the largest number of such areas.

More than 1600 bathing water Protected Areas have been reported, mainly for ES014, ES060 and ES100.

More than 1100 areas protected for their habitats and more than 500 for their birds are reported. They account for an average of 0.28 protected area for every water body, with higher values in ES150, ES070, ES091 and ES030.

401 Nitrate Vulnerable Zones have been reported, 218 shellfish areas (mainly in ES014), and 462 UWWT Protected Areas (especially relevant for ES110 and ES100).

The information included in the RBMPs regarding Protected Areas usually refers to a list of the Protected Areas, their classification, and an overview map of their location within the RBD, displayed as points. Nonetheless, in general no information is provided on the following features: the specific protection elements (e.g. shellfish, habitats and birds), the conservation status of the protected area, the pressures or threats that affect the protected area, and the overlap of Protected Areas with water bodies (e.g. for use in the delimitation of water bodies). Exceptionally, some additional information might be found on specific Protected Areas in the Appendices (e.g. ES040 regarding the Tablas de Daimiel protected area and the underlying GWBs).

RBD || Number of PAs ||

Article 7 Abstraction for drinking water || Bathing || Birds || European Other || Fish || Habitats || Local || National || Nitrates || Shellfish || UWWT || Total

ES010 || 754 || 32 || 11 || 0 || 8 || 20 || 83 || 166 || 0 || 1 || 6 || 1081

ES014 || 2183 || 448 || 9 || 7 || 8 || 37 || 142 || 12 || 0 || 95 || 2 || 2943

ES017 || 106 || 36 || 4 || 0 || 9 || 36 || 80 || 80 || 0 || 3 || 12 || 366

ES018 || 123 || 99 || 16 || 3 || 14 || 79 || 152 || 111 || 0 || 17 || 8 || 622

ES020 || 3518 || 26 || 53 || 2 || 21 || 78 || 0 || 493 || 10 || 0 || 36 || 4237

ES030 || 476 || 32 || 63 || 0 || 15 || 85 || 0 || 60 || 7 || 0 || 53 || 791

ES040 || 1521 || 26 || 43 || 11 || 23 || 61 || 0 || 168 || 10 || 6 || 19 || 1888

ES050 || 954 || 32 || 13 || 12 || 16 || 38 || 0 || 152 || 9 || 6 || 13 || 1245

ES060 || 882 || 237 || 21 || 10 || 3 || 70 || 39 || 72 || 14 || 36 || 3 || 1387

ES063 || 109 || 53 || 14 || 3 || 3 || 25 || 0 || 37 || 3 || 7 || 3 || 257

ES064 || 86 || 25 || 6 || 2 || 0 || 19 || 0 || 38 || 3 || 5 || 3 || 187

ES070 || 119 || 116 || 33 || 0 || 1 || 73 || 0 || 141 || 9 || 7 || 7 || 506

ES080 || 1980 || 176 || 44 || 0 || 4 || 83 || 8 || 96 || 280 || 7 || 30 || 2708

ES091 || 7072 || 43 || 132 || 11 || 15 || 292 || 0 || 143 || 23 || 5 || 29 || 7765

ES100 || 1292 || 208 || 24 || 66 || 19 || 56 || 261 || 85 || 20 || 18 || 113 || 2162

ES110 || 80 || 26 || 24 || 0 || 0 || 71 || 316 || 0 || 13 || 4 || 125 || 659

ES120 || || || || || || || || || || || || 0

ES122 || || || || || || || || || || || || 0

ES123 || || || || || || || || || || || || 0

ES124 || || || || || || || || || || || || 0

ES125 || || || || || || || || || || || || 0

ES126 || || || || || || || || || || || || 0

ES127 || || || || || || || || || || || || 0

ES150 || 5 || 7 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 17

ES160 || 21 || 8 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 31

Total || 21281 || 1630 || 514 || 127 || 159 || 1125 || 1081 || 1854 || 401 || 218 || 462 || 28852

Table 4.5.1: Number of Protected Areas of all types in each RBD and for the whole country, for surface and groundwater[16]

Source: WISE and Information provided by Spain. No data available for ES12X.

5 MONITORING

Some estimated 18000 monitoring sites have been reported by Spain, mainly for rivers and groundwater bodies. The average number of monitoring sites per water body is 18 for GWB, 4.3 for CWB, 4(4) for TWB, 1.5 for RWB and 0.8 for LWB.

The information provided in the RBMPs and WISE regarding monitoring systems is not always fully consistent. The RBMPs usually include the legal texts and maps showing the monitoring sites, but no information on the methodology for the design of the network (e.g. how pressure and impact analysis has been used to design the monitoring programmes). Information on gaps or the status of implementation is also missing, although it appears a significant issue given the high percentage of water bodies with unknown status (see next chapter).

In fact, additional information gathered through the bilateral meeting held in November 2014 shows that monitoring programmes are not being implemented as reported and, due to budgetary cuts, monitoring efforts have significantly reduced since 2010.

No information on operational monitoring sites has been provided for several RBDs/water categories (ES010 and ES070 re CW; ES019, ES017, ES050 re LW operational sites; ES060, ES063 and ES064 re GW quantitative sites). In some cases operational monitoring is not in place because there are no water bodies identified at risk (ES040, ES050 re CW; ES014 and ES018 re GW quantitative sites).

Generally, there is no or unclear information about grouping of water bodies (e.g. ES014, ES017, ES018, ES040, ES100), despite larger number of RWB and LWB than monitoring sites (in the overall figures). Differences exist between the number of water bodies monitored for each quality element as indicated in the monitoring programmes and the number of water bodies where information on status of each quality element is provided (e.g. ES017, ES018 for fish, ES020). The reason for these differences is not clear.

International monitoring programmes are set up for ES020 and ES040 with PT, and though they have not been established for ES010 with PT or for ES017 with FR, transboundary coordination is in place.

RBD || Rivers || Lakes || Transitional || Coastal || Groundwater

Surv || Op || Surv || Op || Surv || Op || Surv || Op || Surv || Op || Quant

ES010 || 86 || 74 || 0 || 0 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 44 || 18 || 8

ES014 || 519 || 29 || 0 || 0 || 68 || 0 || 70 || 0 || 51 || 0 || 51

ES017 || 165 || 239 || 6 || 0 || 25 || 4 || 11 || 1 || 38 || 21 || 28

ES018 || 505 || 204 || 8 || 3 || 187 || 73 || 106 || 64 || 53 || 0 || 36

ES020 || 819 || 726 || 32 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 486 || 140 || 555

ES030 || 466 || 169 || 20 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 214 || 59 || 202

ES040 || 165 || 217 || 18 || 17 || 8 || 6 || 5 || 0 || 121 || 33 || 207

ES050 || 274 || 114 || 4 || 0 || 41 || 20 || 9 || 0 || 155 || 78 || 266

ES060 || 48 || 72 || 3 || 2 || 9 || 9 || 46 || 18 || 98 || 98 || 0

ES063 || 30 || 79 || 4 || 4 || 21 || 21 || 35 || 35 || 75 || 36 || 0

ES064 || 30 || 64 || 5 || 6 || 42 || 42 || 16 || 16 || 42 || 15 || 0

ES070 || 101 || 78 || 6 || 1 || 7 || 0 || 31 || 104 || 45 || 368 || 172

ES080 || 154 || 101 || 20 || 17 || 31 || 12 || 226 || 113 || 218 || 99 || 287

ES091 || 358 || 286 || 40 || 22 || 42 || 41 || 36 || 36 || 1693 || 0 || 377

ES100 || 301 || 111 || 29 || 7 || 28 || 7 || 31 || 16 || 613 || 867 || 446

ES110 || 63 || 33 || 0 || 0 || 31 || 20 || 72 || 15 || 328 || 123 || 126

ES120 || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES122 || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES123 || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES124 || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES125 || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES126 || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES127 || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES150 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 7 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0

ES160 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0

Total by type of site || 4084 || 2597 || 195 || 85 || 545 || 255 || 705 || 425 || 4274 || 1955 || 2761

Total number of monitoring sites[17] || 6681 || 280 || 800 || 1130 || 8990

Total number compared to the number of corresponding WBs || 1,5 || 0,8 || 4,4 || 4,3 || 18

Table 5.2: Number of monitoring sites by water category

Surv = Surveillance, Op = Operational, Quant = Quantitative

Source: WISE and Information provided by Spain. No data available for ES12X. There are large differences between the figures reported in WISE and those corrected by Spanish authorities in 2014.

||

Figure 5.1: Maps of surface water (left) and groundwater (right) monitoring stations

|| • || || River monitoring stations

|| • || || Lake monitoring stations

|| • || || Transitional water monitoring stations

|| • || || Coastal water monitoring stations

|| • || || Unclassified surface water monitoring stations

|| • || || Groundwater monitoring stations

|| || || River Basin Districts

|| || || Countries outside EU

Source: WISE (2010), Eurostat (country borders). No data available for ES12X.

5.1 Monitoring of Surface Waters

As shown in Figure 5.1 and Table 5.2, a monitoring programme has been set up.

The following monitoring design and implementation gaps relating to surveillance monitoring can be identified for some of the RBDs[18]:

- RW: Lack of monitoring QE1-2, QE1-4 and QE3-3

- LW: Lack of monitoring in general (e.g. ES010), QE1-2, QE1-3, QE1-4, QE2, QE3-1 and QE3-3.

One important gap is the lack of monitoring for fish in most of the RBDs.

In terms of operational monitoring, information on the relationship between pressures, impacts and monitored biological quality elements (BQEs) is scarce. It can be noted that in ES017 and ES018 (RW) altered habitats due to abstractions or water flow are not monitored/related to QE1-4. Information is lacking on how chemical pollution due to atmospheric deposition will be detected, and it has not been considered in the design of pollutant sampling in river basins.

Monitoring of sediments and biota is not specified in most of the RBMPs (e.g. ES017, ES018, ES020, ES040, ES050) but additional information received from Spain indicates that monitoring of sediments and biota is being undertaken in all RBDs.

5.2 Monitoring of Ground Waters

Significant monitoring networks have been built up to control groundwater status, in particular based on the existing quantitative (piezometric) networks, and on average 10 monitoring sites exist per GWB. The monitoring network is particular dense in the areas with intensive abstractions. The exception is ES060, ES063 and ES064 where no quantitative monitoring is reported despite intensive water use.

The groundwater chemical status monitoring programmes are designed in order to detect significant and sustained upward trends in pollutants, even though a detailed justification is lacking in the documents of the RBMPs.

5.3 Monitoring of Protected Areas

Monitoring in protected areas is required under WFD Article 8 and section 1.3.5 of Annex V.

A total of 679 monitoring sites have been reported for Protected Areas (PAs), this is one site per 24 PAs. Most of them relate to bathing water, drinking water and nitrates.

It is however not clear whether the reported monitoring sites are the result of just the geographical overlay of monitoring sites and protected areas or are genuine sites for the monitoring of the specific objectives of the relevant protected areas. Generally WISE reporting identifies specific programmes for the monitoring of some types protected areas (water bodies for the production of drinking water, bathing water, shellfish, etc.).

Regarding Drinking Water PA, monitoring covers only a very small percentage of the total number of such PAs. It is unclear if all relevant parameters of the Drinking Water Directive are monitored.

Monitoring of shellfish PAs is focused on shellfish as economically relevant species, and covers heavy metals and toxic pollutants. It is reported for only 3 RBDs, although shellfish is a relevant economic activity in other RBDs as well.

Monitoring in Nature PAs is not mentioned in the RBMPs. In general, RBMPs include only a geographic reference of PAs under the Habitats Directive, without further referring to the specific conservation status and/or objectives.

RBD || Surface waters || Ground-water drinking water

Surface drinking water abstraction || Bathing water || Fish || Birds sites || Habitats sites || Nitrates || Shell-fish || UWWT

ES010 || 55 || 27 || 21 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 7 || 9

ES014 || 104 || 0 || 13 || 0 || 0 || 138 || 0 || 0 || 44

ES017 || 104 || 55 || 10 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 5 || 5 || 10

ES018 || 103 || 99 || 14 || 16 || 78 || 0 || 17 || 0 || 20

ES020 || 143 || 27 || 21 || 268 || 38 || NA || 151 || 144

ES030 || 109 || 31 || 15 || * || * || * || NA || * ||

ES040 || 63 || 19 || 16 || 32 || 56 || 67 || 1 || 0 || 0

ES050 || 50 || 0 || 18 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 80

ES060 || 33 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0

ES063 || 0 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0

ES064 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0

ES070 || 8 || 55 || 2 || 58 || 63 || 28 || 0 || 0 || 28

ES080 || 16 || 5 || 8 || - || - || 107 || - || - || -

ES091 || 132 || || 15 || - || - || NA || - || 25 || 348

ES100 || 45 || 242 || 0 || 19 || 0 || 556 || 0 || 99 || 138

ES110 || 76 || 63 || 0 || 54 || 82 || 19 || 8 || 41 || 204

ES120 || || || || || || || || ||

ES122 || || || || || || || || ||

ES123 || || || || || || || || ||

ES124 || || || || || || || || ||

ES125 || || || || || || || || ||

ES126 || || || || || || || || ||

ES127 || || || || || || || || ||

ES150 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0

ES160 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 20

Table 5.3.1: Number of monitoring stations in Protected Areas.

Source: Information provided by Spain (2014). *: No network defined, but parameters are being controlled by other monitoring networks.

Figure 5.2: Map of monitoring stations for Protected Areas

Source: WISE (2010)

NB. For Groundwater, no information was supplied by ES020, ES030, ES040, ES050, ES060, ES063, ES064, ES070, ES100 and ES110 on Protected Area Monitoring Points. For surface waters, information was supplied about Drinking Water Protected Areas only for ES020, ES030, ES050, ES060, ES100 and ES110. Partial information on other Protected Areas was supplied by ES018, ES040, ES063, ES064, ES070, ES080 and ES091. The remaining RBDs supplied information on all types of Protected Area. Monitoring for Drinking water PAs has been established in all RBDs, although the information is unclear/contradictory for ES014.

RBD || Rivers || Lakes

QE1.1 Phytoplankton [19] || QE1.2 Other aquatic flora || QE1.2.3 Macrophytes || QE1.2.4 Phytobenthos || QE1.3 Benthic invertebrates || QE1.4 Fish || QE1.5 Other species || QE2 Hydromorphological QEs || QE3.1 General Parameters || QE3.3 Non priority specific Pollutants || QE3.4 Other national pollutants || QE1.1 Phytoplankton || QE1.2 Other aquatic flora || QE1.2.3 Macrophytes || QE1.2.4 Phytobenthos || QE1.3 Benthic invertebrates || QE1.4 Fish || QE1.5 Other species || QE2 Hydromorphological QEs || QE3.1 General Parameters || QE3.3 Non priority specific pollutants || QE3.4 Other national pollutants

ES010 || || || || || || || - || || || || || || || || || || || - || || || || -

ES014 || || || || || || || || || || || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES017 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES018 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES020 || || || || || || || - || || || || || || || || || || || - || || || ||

ES030 || || || || || || || - || || || || || || || || || || || - || || || ||

ES040 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES050 || || || || || || || - || || || || || || || || || || || - || || || || -

ES060 || || || || || || || - || || || || - || || || || || || || - || || || || -

ES063 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || - || || || || -

ES064 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || - || || || || -

ES070 || || || || || || || - || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || -

ES080 || || || || || || || - || || || || - || || || || || || || - || || || ||

ES091 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || -

ES100 || || || || || || || - || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES110 || || || || || || || - || || || || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES120 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES122 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES123 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES124 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES125 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES126 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES127 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES150 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES160 || || || || || || || || || || || || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

RBD || Transitional || Coastal

QE1.1 Phytoplankton || QE1.2 Other aquatic flora || QE1.2.1 Microalgae || QE1.2.2 Angiosperms || QE1.3 Benthic invertebrates || QE1.4 Fish || QE1.5 Other species || QE2 Hydromorphological QEs || QE3.1 General Parameters || QE3.3 Non priority specific pollutants || QE3.4 Other national pollutants || QE1.1 Phytoplankton || QE1.2 Other aquatic flora || QE1.2.1 Microalgae || QE1.2.2 Angiosperms || QE1.3 Benthic invertebrates || QE1.4 Fish || QE1.5 Other species || QE2 Hydromorphological QEs || QE3.1 General Parameters || QE3.3 Non priority specific pollutants || QE3.4 Other national pollutants

ES010 || || || || || || || - || || || || || || || || || || - || - || || || || -

ES014 || || || || || || || - || || || || - || || || || || || - || - || || || || -

ES017 || || || || || || || - || || || || || || || || || || - || - || || || ||

ES018 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || - || || || || ||

ES020 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES030 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES040 || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || - || - || || || ||

ES050 || || || || || || || - || || || || || || || || || || - || - || || || ||

ES060 || || || || || || || - || || || || || || || || || || - || - || || || ||

ES063 || || || || || || || - || || || || || || || || || || - || - || || || || -

ES064 || || || || || || || - || || || || || || || || || || - || - || || || ||

ES070 || || || || || || || - || || || || - || || || || || || - || - || || || ||

ES080 || || || || || || || - || || || || || || || || || || - || - || || || ||

ES091 || || || || || || || - || || || || || || || || || || - || - || || || ||

ES100 || || || || || || || || || || || - || || || || || || - || - || || || ||

ES110 || || || || || || || - || || || || - || || || || || || - || - || || || || -

ES120 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || || || || || || - || || || || ||

ES122 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || || || || || || - || - || || || ||

ES123 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || || || || || || - || - || || || ||

ES124 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || || || || || || || || || || ||

ES125 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || || || || || || - || - || || || || -

ES126 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || || || - || - || || - || - || || || ||

ES127 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || || || || || || - || - || || || ||

ES150 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || || || || || || - || - || || || || -

ES160 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || || || || || || - || - || || || ||

Table 5.1: Quality elements monitored - Source: Information provided by Spain (2014).

|| || QE Monitored

|| || QE Not monitored

- || || Not Relevant

6 STATUS

The ecological status of natural SWBs presented in the RBMPs shows that 43% are either in high or good status. Several RBDs have a relatively high proportion (>15%) of water bodies in high ecological status (ES010, ES014, ES018, ES050, ES070) or in good status (e.g. ES030, ES050 and ES060).

A significant number/proportion (>5%) of water bodies in bad ecological status has been identified in some RBDs (ES030, ES040, ES050, ES060, ES063 and ES070).

The overall number (727 WBs) and proportion (17%) of water bodies with unknown ecological status is very high; and in particular the following RBDs should be mentioned: ES014, ES063, ES064, ES080, ES091, ES100, ES110, ES123; ES091 presents the largest number of water bodies with unknown ecological status (322 water bodies).

Large differences exist in the status results between RBDs. The following shows the percentage of natural SWB in good or better status in some of the main RBDs:

ES030 Tagus 61

ES050 Guadalquivir 59

ES060 Andalucía Med 54

ES070 Segura 48

ES080 Jucar 42

ES091 Ebro 34

ES040 Guadiana 28

ES020 Duero 21

There is no plausible explanation for these differences other than the lack of harmonisation of the status assessment. The figures question the reliability of the status assessments and the use that has been made of the EU intercalibration results.

RBD || Total || High || Good || Moderate || Poor || Bad || Unknown

No. || (%) || No. || (%) || No. || (%) || No. || (%) || No. || (%) || No. || (%)

ES010 || 227 || 69 || 30,4 || 101 || 44,5 || 37 || 16,3 || 13 || 5,7 || 2 || 0,9 || 5 || 2,2

ES014 || 422 || 74 || 17,5 || 137 || 32,5 || 67 || 15,9 || 19 || 4,5 || 3 || 0,7 || 122 || 28,9

ES017 || 101 || 4 || 4,0 || 49 || 48,5 || 29 || 28,7 || 15 || 14,9 || 2 || 2,0 || 2 || 2,0

ES018 || 258 || 51 || 19,8 || 143 || 55,4 || 51 || 19,8 || 7 || 2,7 || 3 || 1,2 || 3 || 1,2

ES020 || 620 || 28 || 4,5 || 105 || 16,9 || 441 || 71,1 || 39 || 6,3 || 7 || 1,1 || 0 || 0,0

ES030 || 198 || 10 || 5,1 || 111 || 56,1 || 46 || 23,2 || 9 || 4,5 || 10 || 5,1 || 12 || 6,1

ES040 || 244 || 6 || 2,5 || 63 || 25,8 || 131 || 53,7 || 25 || 10,2 || 19 || 7,8 || 0 || 0,0

ES050 || 325 || 52 || 16,0 || 140 || 43,1 || 71 || 21,8 || 33 || 10,2 || 29 || 8,9 || 0 || 0,0

ES060 || 130 || 11 || 8,5 || 60 || 46,2 || 37 || 28,5 || 11 || 8,5 || 9 || 6,9 || 2 || 1,5

ES063 || 67 || 0 || 0,0 || 13 || 19,4 || 6 || 9,0 || 16 || 23,9 || 5 || 7,5 || 27 || 40,3

ES064 || 51 || 2 || 3,9 || 16 || 31,4 || 15 || 29,4 || 5 || 9,8 || 1 || 2,0 || 12 || 23,5

ES070 || 84 || 13 || 15,5 || 28 || 33,3 || 25 || 29,8 || 6 || 7,1 || 12 || 14,3 || 0 || 0,0

ES080 || 289 || 3 || 1,0 || 120 || 41,5 || 61 || 21,1 || 19 || 6,6 || 14 || 4,8 || 72 || 24,9

ES091 || 705 || 71 || 10,1 || 169 || 24,0 || 107 || 15,2 || 29 || 4,1 || 7 || 1,0 || 322 || 45,7

ES100 || 268 || 5 || 1,9 || 62 || 23,1 || 76 || 28,4 || 26 || 9,7 || 12 || 4,5 || 87 || 32,5

ES110 || 158 || 22 || 13,9 || 47 || 29,7 || 12 || 7,6 || 17 || 10,8 || 4 || 2,5 || 56 || 35,4

ES120 || 5 || 1 || 20,0 || 4 || 80,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES122 || 5 || 0 || 0,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES123 || 5 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 5 || 100,0

ES124 || 6 || 0 || 0,0 || 6 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES125 || 5 || 0 || 0,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES126 || 4 || 0 || 0,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES127 || 3 || 0 || 0,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES150 || 2 || 0 || 0,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES160 || 2 || 0 || 0,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

TOTAL || 4184 || 422 || 10,1 || 1395 || 33,3 || 1212 || 29,0 || 289 || 6,9 || 139 || 3,3 || 727 || 17,4

Table 6.1: Ecological status of natural surface water bodies

Source: WISE and RBMPs; information provided by Spain (2014).

Regarding the ecological potential of HMWB or AWB, 32% is evaluated as high or good status overall, with significant differences between low values (<15%; ES100) and high percentages (approx. 50%; ES010, ES050, ES070). 185 water bodies still have unknown status (19%), with especially significant high values in ES091 (110 water bodies, 95%).

RBD || Total || High || Good || Moderate || Poor || Bad || Unknown

No. || (%) || No. || (%) || No. || (%) || No. || (%) || No. || (%) || No. || (%)

ES010 || 51 || 0 || 0,0 || 25 || 49,0 || 15 || 29,4 || 9 || 17,6 || 2 || 3,9 || 0 || 0,0

ES014 || 40 || 0 || 0,0 || 11 || 27,5 || 20 || 50,0 || 3 || 7,5 || 3 || 7,5 || 3 || 7,5

ES017 || 37 || 0 || 0,0 || 7 || 18,9 || 15 || 40,5 || 8 || 21,6 || 6 || 16,2 || 1 || 2,7

ES018 || 35 || 0 || 0,0 || 15 || 42,9 || 12 || 34,3 || 2 || 5,7 || 4 || 11,4 || 2 || 5,7

ES020 || 90 || 0 || 0,0 || 28 || 31,1 || 55 || 61,1 || 5 || 5,6 || 1 || 1,1 || 1 || 1,1

ES030 || 126 || 0 || 0,0 || 49 || 38,9 || 32 || 25,4 || 25 || 19,8 || 12 || 9,5 || 8 || 6,3

ES040 || 69 || 0 || 0,0 || 18 || 26,1 || 17 || 24,6 || 8 || 11,6 || 12 || 17,4 || 14 || 20,3

ES050 || 118 || 0 || 0,0 || 63 || 53,4 || 32 || 27,1 || 16 || 13,6 || 7 || 5,9 || 0 || 0,0

ES060 || 45 || 0 || 0,0 || 20 || 44,4 || 16 || 35,6 || 1 || 2,2 || 8 || 17,8 || 0 || 0,0

ES063 || 30 || 0 || 0,0 || 9 || 30,0 || 11 || 36,7 || 3 || 10,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 7 || 23,3

ES064 || 17 || 0 || 0,0 || 7 || 41,2 || 7 || 41,2 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 3 || 17,6

ES070 || 30 || 0 || 0,0 || 14 || 46,7 || 11 || 36,7 || 2 || 6,7 || 2 || 6,7 || 1 || 3,3

ES080 || 60 || 0 || 0,0 || 26 || 43,3 || 9 || 15,0 || 7 || 11,7 || 4 || 6,7 || 14 || 23,3

ES091 || 116 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 4 || 3,4 || 2 || 1,7 || 0 || 0,0 || 110 || 94,8

ES100 || 78 || 0 || 0,0 || 11 || 14,1 || 29 || 37,2 || 14 || 17,9 || 15 || 19,2 || 9 || 11,5

ES110 || 14 || 0 || 0,0 || 4 || 28,6 || 1 || 7,1 || 1 || 7,1 || 0 || 0,0 || 8 || 57,1

ES120 || 1 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0

ES122 || 0 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES123 || 1 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0

ES124 || 5 || 2 || 40,0 || 2 || 40,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 20,0

ES125 || 0 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES126 || 0 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES127 || 0 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES150 || 1 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES160 || 2 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 50,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 50,0

TOTAL || 966 || 2 || 0,2 || 309 || 32,0 || 286 || 29,6 || 107 || 11,1 || 77 || 8,0 || 185 || 19,2

Table 6.2: Ecological potential of artificial and heavily modified water bodies

Source: WISE and RBMPs; information provided by Spain.

Regarding the chemical status of natural SWB, a number of RBMPs have classified a large proportion of water bodies in good status. Some RBDs have significant work to do to improve the assessment of chemical status of natural SWBs (ES064, ES063). In several other RBDs a significant number of water bodies still need to be classified (ES010, ES018, ES091 y ES110 with > 75% unknown), thus the status assessment can be considered as insufficient to inform adequately the rest of the WFD planning process.

RBD || Total || Good || Poor || Unknown

No. || % || No. || % || No. || %

ES010 || 227 || 39 || 17,2 || 7 || 3,1 || 181 || 79,7

ES014 || 422 || 356 || 84,4 || 34 || 8,1 || 32 || 7,6

ES017 || 101 || 62 || 61,4 || 9 || 8,9 || 30 || 29,7

ES018 || 258 || 62 || 24,0 || 4 || 1,6 || 192 || 74,4

ES020 || 620 || 599 || 96,6 || 21 || 3,4 || 0 || 0,0

ES030 || 198 || 192 || 97,0 || 6 || 3,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES040 || 244 || 215 || 88,1 || 2 || 0,8 || 27 || 11,1

ES050 || 325 || 282 || 86,8 || 11 || 3,4 || 32 || 9,8

ES060 || 130 || 116 || 89,2 || 2 || 1,5 || 12 || 9,2

ES063 || 67 || 30 || 44,8 || 10 || 14,9 || 27 || 40,3

ES064 || 51 || 22 || 43,1 || 15 || 29,4 || 14 || 27,5

ES070 || 84 || 77 || 91,7 || 7 || 8,3 || 0 || 0,0

ES080 || 289 || 159 || 55,0 || 8 || 2,8 || 122 || 42,2

ES091 || 705 || 0* || 0,0 || 32 || 4,5 || 673 || 95,5

ES100 || 268 || 140 || 52,2 || 14 || 5,2 || 114 || 42,5

ES110 || 158 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 158 || 100,0

ES120 || 5 || 2 || 40,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 3 || 60,0

ES122 || 5 || 5 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES123 || 5 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 5 || 100,0

ES124 || 6 || 6 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES125 || 5 || 5 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES126 || 4 || 4 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES127 || 3 || 3 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES150 || 2 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 2 || 100,0

ES160 || 2 || 2 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

TOTAL || 4184 || 2378 || 56,8 || 182 || 4,3 || 1624 || 38,8

Table 6.3: Chemical status of natural surface water bodies

Source: WISE and RBMPs; information provided by Spain (2014)

* The map on page 163 of the Ebro RBMP (figure 84) shows surface water bodies in good chemical status and it is therefore inconsistent with the WISE reporting reflected on this table.

A similar assessment can be made regarding the chemical status assessment of AWB/HMWB. 60% are reported as being in good status but several RBDs include high percentages of “unknown” status: ES010, ES018, ES080, ES091, ES110). ES091 reports as unknown 114 out of 116 water bodies. These large percentages of water bodies with unknown status undermine the subsequent planning process.

RBD || Total || Good || Poor || Unknown

No. || % || No. || % || No. || %

ES010 || 51 || 17 || 33,3 || 0 || 0,0 || 34 || 66,7

ES014 || 40 || 26 || 65,0 || 11 || 27,5 || 3 || 7,5

ES017 || 37 || 19 || 51,4 || 10 || 27,0 || 8 || 21,6

ES018 || 35 || 19 || 54,3 || 2 || 5,7 || 14 || 40,0

ES020 || 90 || 87 || 96,7 || 3 || 3,3 || 0 || 0,0

ES030 || 126 || 121 || 96,0 || 5 || 4,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES040 || 69 || 53 || 76,8 || 0 || 0,0 || 16 || 23,2

ES050 || 118 || 101 || 85,6 || 14 || 11,9 || 3 || 2,5

ES060 || 45 || 40 || 88,9 || 0 || 0,0 || 5 || 11,1

ES063 || 30 || 20 || 66,7 || 2 || 6,7 || 8 || 26,7

ES064 || 17 || 6 || 35,3 || 8 || 47,1 || 3 || 17,6

ES070 || 30 || 20 || 66,7 || 9 || 30,0 || 1 || 3,3

ES080 || 60 || 22 || 36,7 || 9 || 15,0 || 29 || 48,3

ES091 || 116 || 0 || 0,0 || 2 || 1,7 || 114 || 98,3

ES100 || 78 || 37 || 47,4 || 16 || 20,5 || 25 || 32,1

ES110 || 14 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 14 || 100,0

ES120 || 1 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0

ES122 || 0 || 0 || - || 0 || - || 0 || -

ES123 || 1 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0

ES124 || 5 || 4 || 80,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 20,0

ES125 || 0 || 0 || - || 0 || - || 0 || -

ES126 || 0 || 0 || - || 0 || - || 0 || -

ES127 || 0 || 0 || - || 0 || - || 0 || -

ES150 || 1 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0

ES160 || 2 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 50,0 || 1 || 50,0

Total || 966 || 592 || 61,3 || 92 || 9,5 || 282 || 29,2

Table 6.4: Chemical status of artificial and heavily modified surface water bodies

Source: WISE and RBMPs; information provided by Spain (2014).

According to information provided by the Spanish authorities, in general chemical monitoring has been carried out in those water bodies receiving industrial discharges or subject to potential discharges from use of pesticides in agriculture. For the rest good chemical status has been assumed, or can be assumed in case they have been classified as “unknown” status. However, this overlooks other relevant sources of chemical pollution such as urban wastewater and atmospheric deposition.

The information on chemical status of GWB is much more complete, with only 8 water bodies in “unknown” status, and 33% of these GWBs in poor status.

RBD || Good || Poor || Unknown

No. || % || No. || % || No. || %

ES010 || 5 || 83,3 || 1 || 16,7 || 0 || 0,0

ES014 || 18 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES017 || 26 || 92,9 || 2 || 7,1 || 0 || 0,0

ES018 || 20 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES020 || 50 || 78,1 || 14 || 21,9 || 0 || 0,0

ES030 || 18 || 75,0 || 6 || 25,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES040 || 7 || 35,0 || 13 || 65,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES050 || 44 || 73,3 || 16 || 26,7 || 0 || 0,0

ES060 || 32 || 47,8 || 35 || 52,2 || 0 || 0,0

ES063 || 5 || 35,7 || 7 || 50,0 || 2 || 14,3

ES064 || 2 || 50,0 || 2 || 50,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES070 || 39 || 61,9 || 24 || 38,1 || 0 || 0,0

ES080 || 63 || 70,0 || 27 || 30,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES091 || 82 || 78,1 || 23 || 21,9 || 0 || 0,0

ES100 || 16 || 41,0 || 23 || 59,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES110 || 55 || 61,1 || 35 || 38,9 || 0 || 0,0

ES120 || 2 || 20,0 || 8 || 80,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES122 || 0 || 0,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES123 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0

ES124 || 3 || 75,0 || 1 || 25,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES125 || 4 || 80,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 20,0

ES126 || 3 || 60,0 || 2 || 40,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES127 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 3 || 100,0

ES150 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0

ES160 || 0 || 0,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0

Total || 494 || 66,0 || 246 || 32,9 || 8 || 1,1

Table 6.5: Chemical status of groundwater bodies

Source: WISE and RBMPs; information provided by Spain (2014).

The data on quantitative status is also largely complete, with the important exception of ES063, where a large percentage of groundwater bodies are in unknown quantitative status. This is consistent with the lack of quantitative monitoring reported for this RBD.

RBD || Good || Poor || Unknown

No. || % || No. || % || No. || %

ES010 || 6 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES014 || 18 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES017 || 28 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES018 || 20 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES020 || 59 || 92,2 || 5 || 7,8 || 0 || 0,0

ES030 || 24 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES040 || 9 || 45,0 || 11 || 55,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES050 || 42 || 70,0 || 18 || 30,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES060 || 35 || 52,2 || 32 || 47,8 || 0 || 0,0

ES063 || 3 || 21,4 || 3 || 21,4 || 8 || 57,1

ES064 || 3 || 75,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 25,0

ES070 || 22 || 34,9 || 41 || 65,1 || 0 || 0,0

ES080 || 60 || 66,7 || 30 || 33,3 || 0 || 0,0

ES091 || 104 || 99,0 || 1 || 1,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES100 || 33 || 84,6 || 6 || 15,4 || 0 || 0,0

ES110 || 53 || 58,9 || 37 || 41,1 || 0 || 0,0

ES120 || 1 || 10,0 || 9 || 90,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES122 || 0 || 0,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES123 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0

ES124 || 0 || 0,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES125 || 5 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES126 || 5 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES127 || 3 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0

ES150 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0

ES160 || 0 || 0,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 0 || 0,0

TOTAL || 533 || 71,3 || 204 || 27,3 || 11 || 1,5

Table 6.6: Quantitative status of groundwater bodies

Source: WISE and RBMPs; information provided by Spain.

3159 SWB are expected to achieve good or better global status by 2015, with significant increases (>25 %) in 4 RBDs. Note that most likely a major number of these water bodies will simply be re-classified from currently “unknown” status. Application of exemptions according to WFD Article 4(4) affects 30% of SWB with particularly high numbers in ES040, ES080, ES070 and ES020. Article 4(5) is applied in 8 RBDs affecting 3% of the total number of SWB, with highest percentages in ES020 and ES030.

The forecast for status improvement in 2021 and 2027 is shown in table 6.7 to 6.13.

RBD || Total || Global status (ecological and chemical) || Good ecological status 2021 || Good chemical status 2021 || Good ecological status 2027 || Good chemical status 2027 || Global exemptions 2009 (% of all SWBs)

Good or better 2009 || Good or better 2015 || Increase 2009-2015 || Art 4(4) || Art 4(5) || Art 4(6) || Art 4(7)

No. || % || No. || % || % || No. || % || No. || % || No. || % || No. || % || % || % || % || %

ES010 || 278 || 196 || 70,5 || 232 || 83,5 || 12,9 || 247 || 88,8 || 271 || 97,5 || 275 || 98,9 || 278 || 100 || 15,5 || 1,1 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES014 || 462 || 320 || 69,3 || 397 || 85,9 || 16,7 || 453 || 98,1 || 451 || 97,6 || 462 || 100 || 455 || 98,5 || 12,6 || 1,5 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES017 || 138 || 58 || 42,0 || 96 || 69,6 || 27,5 || 138 || 100 || 138 || 100 || 138 || 100 || 138 || 100 || 30,4 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES018 || 293 || 210 || 71,7 || 253 || 86,3 || 14,7 || 290 || 99,0 || 292 || 99,7 || 293 || 100 || 293 || 100 || 13,7 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,7

ES020 || 710 || 161 || 22,7 || 293 || 41,3 || 18,6 || 299 || 42,1 || 710 || 100 || 627 || 88,3 || 710 || 100 || 47,0 || 11,7 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES030 || 324 || 170 || 52,5 || 228 || 70,4 || 17,9 || 262 || 80,9 || 324 || 100 || 296 || 91,4 || 324 || 100 || 21,0 || 5,6 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES040 || 313 || 88 || 28,1 || 88 || 28,1 || 0,0 || 88 || 28,1 || 313 || 100 || 312 || 99,7 || 313 || 100 || 71,6 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES050 || 443 || 252 || 56,9 || 299 || 67,5 || 10,6 || 391 || 88,3 || 441 || 99,5 || 434 || 98,0 || 442 || 99,8 || 30,5 || 2,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES060 || 175 || 91 || 52,0 || 137 || 78,3 || 26,3 || 155 || 88,6 || 175 || 100 || 168 || 96,0 || 175 || 100 || 17,7 || 4,0 || 4,0 || 0,0

ES063 || 97 || 35 || 36,1 || 40 || 41,2 || 5,2 || 51 || 52,6 || 78 || 80,4 || 79 || 81,4 || 87 || 89,7 || 40,2 || 1,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES064 || 68 || 25 || 36,8 || 28 || 41,2 || 4,4 || 35 || 51,5 || 41 || 60,3 || 56 || 82,4 || 63 || 92,6 || 41,2 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES070 || 114 || 52 || 45,6 || 58 || 50,9 || 5,3 || 95 || 83,3 || 101 || 88,6 || 114 || 100 || 114 || 100 || 49,1 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES080 || 349 || 149 || 42,7 || 152 || 43,6 || 0,9 || 196 || 56,2 || 332 || 95,1 || 349 || 100 || 349 || 100 || 56,4 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES091 || 821 || 226 || 27,5 || 552 || 67,2 || 39,7 || 553 || 67,4 || 624 || 76,0 || 628 || 76,5 || 636 || 77,5 || 9,0 || 1,5 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES100 || 346 || 76 || 22,0 || 195 || 56,4 || 34,4 || 197 || 56,9 || 318 || 91,9 || 346 || 100 || 346 || 100 || 43,6 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES110 || 172 || 73 || 42,4 || 73 || 42,4 || 0,0 || 73 || 42,4 || 0 || 0,0 || 73 || 42,4 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES120 || 6 || 5 || 83,3 || 5 || 83,3 || 0,0 || 5 || 83,3 || 2 || 33,3 || 6 || 100 || 6 || 100 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES122 || 5 || 5 || 100 || 5 || 100 || 0,0 || 5 || 100 || 5 || 100 || 5 || 100 || 5 || 100 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES123 || 6 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES124 || 11 || 10 || 90,9 || 11 || 100 || 9,1 || 11 || 100 || 11 || 100 || 11 || 100 || 11 || 100 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES125 || 5 || 5 || 100 || 5 || 100 || 0,0 || 5 || 100 || 5 || 100 || 5 || 100 || 5 || 100 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES126 || 4 || 4 || 100 || 4 || 100 || 0,0 || 4 || 100 || 4 || 100 || 4 || 100 || 4 || 100 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES127 || 3 || 3 || 100 || 3 || 100 || 0,0 || 3 || 100 || 3 || 100 || 3 || 100 || 3 || 100 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES150 || 3 || 2 || 66,7 || 2 || 66,7 || 0,0 || 3 || 100 || 3 || 100 || 3 || 100 || 3 || 100 || 33,3 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES160 || 4 || 2 || 50,0 || 3 || 75,0 || 25,0 || 4 || 100 || 4 || 100 || 4 || 100 || 4 || 100 || 25,0 || 0,0 || 25,0 || 0,0

Total || 5150 || 2218 || 43,1 || 3159 || 61,3 || 18,3 || 3563 || 69,2 || 4646 || 90,2 || 4691 || 91,1 || 4764 || 92,5 || 29,6 || 2,7 || 0,2 || 0,0

Table 6.7: Surface water bodies: overview of status in 2009 and expected status in 2015, 2021 and 2027.

Water bodies with good status in 2009 are those where ecological status is high or good and the chemical status is good, and exemptions are not considered. Water bodies expected to achieve good status in 2015 fall into the following categories: ecological status is high or good and the chemical status is good, exemptions are not considered; chemical status is good, and the ecological status is moderate or below but no ecological exemptions; ecological status is high or good, and the chemical status is failing to achieve good but there are no chemical exemptions; and ecological status is moderate or below, and chemical status is failing to achieve good but there are no ecological nor chemical exemptions. Note: Water bodies with unknown/unclassified/Not applicable in either ecological or chemical status are not considered

Source: WISE and RBMPs; information provided by Spain (2014).

RBD || Total || Ecological status || Good ecological status 2021 || Good ecological status 2027 || Ecological exemptions (% of all SWBs)

Good or better 2009 || Good or better 2015 || Increase 2009 -2015 || Art 4(4) || Art 4(5) || Art 4(6) || Art 4(7)

No. || % || No. || % || % || No. || % || No. || % || % || % || % || %

ES010 || 227 || 170 || 74,9 || 189 || 83,3 || 8,4 || 198 || 87,2 || 225 || 99,1 || 15,9 || 0,9 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES014 || 422 || 211 || 50,0 || 398 || 94,3 || 44,3 || 422 || 100,0 || 422 || 100,0 || 5,7 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES017 || 101 || 53 || 52,5 || 77 || 76,2 || 23,8 || 101 || 100,0 || 101 || 100,0 || 23,8 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES018 || 258 || 194 || 75,2 || 234 || 90,7 || 15,5 || 257 || 99,6 || 258 || 100,0 || 9,3 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES020 || 620 || 133 || 21,5 || 253 || 40,8 || 19,4 || 258 || 41,6 || 556 || 89,7 || 48,9 || 10,3 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES030 || 198 || 121 || 61,1 || 165 || 83,3 || 22,2 || 178 || 89,9 || 190 || 96,0 || 12,6 || 2,5 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES040 || 244 || 69 || 28,3 || 67 || 27,5 || -0,8 || 67 || 27,5 || 243 || 99,6 || 72,1 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES050 || 325 || 192 || 59,1 || 200 || 61,5 || 2,5 || 281 || 86,5 || 316 || 97,2 || 35,7 || 2,8 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES060 || 130 || 71 || 54,6 || 107 || 82,3 || 27,7 || 120 || 92,3 || 127 || 97,7 || 15,4 || 2,3 || 2,3 || 0,0

ES063 || 67 || 13 || 19,4 || 29 || 43,3 || 23,9 || 34 || 50,7 || 54 || 80,6 || 37,3 || 1,5 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES064 || 51 || 18 || 35,3 || 19 || 37,3 || 2,0 || 24 || 47,1 || 39 || 76,5 || 39,2 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES070 || 84 || 41 || 48,8 || 44 || 52,4 || 3,6 || 76 || 90,5 || 84 || 100,0 || 47,6 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES080 || 289 || 123 || 42,6 || 126 || 43,6 || 1,0 || 165 || 57,1 || 289 || 100,0 || 56,4 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES091 || 705 || 240 || 34,0 || 551 || 78,2 || 44,1 || 551 || 78,2 || 626 || 88,8 || 10,6 || 1,4 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES100 || 268 || 67 || 25,0 || 173 || 64,6 || 39,6 || 173 || 64,6 || 268 || 100,0 || 35,4 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES110 || 158 || 69 || 43,7 || 69 || 43,7 || 0,0 || 69 || 43,7 || 69 || 43,7 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES120 || 5 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES122 || 5 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES123 || 5 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES124 || 6 || 6 || 100,0 || 6 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 6 || 100,0 || 6 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES125 || 5 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES126 || 4 || 4 || 100,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES127 || 3 || 3 || 100,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES150 || 2 || 2 || 100,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES160 || 2 || 2 || 100,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

Total || 4184 || 1817 || 43,4 || 2733 || 65,3 || 21,9 || 3006 || 71,8 || 3899 || 93,2 || 27,9 || 2,2 || 0,1 || 0,0

Table 6.8: Natural surface water bodies: ecological status in 2009 and expected status in 2015, 2021 and 2027.

Source: WISE and RBMPs; information provided by Spain (2014).

RBD || Total || Chemical status || Good chemical status 2021 || Good chemical status 2027 || Chemical exemptions (% of all SWBs)

Good or better 2009 || Good or better 2015 || Increase 2009 -2015 || Art 4(4) || Art 4(5) || Art 4(6) || Art 4(7)

No. || % || No. || % || % || No. || % || No. || % || % || % || % || %

ES010 || 227 || 39 || 17,2 || 220 || 96,9 || 79,7 || 220 || 96,9 || 227 || 100,0 || 3,1 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES014 || 422 || 356 || 84,4 || 391 || 92,7 || 8,3 || 422 || 100,0 || 422 || 100,0 || 7,3 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES017 || 101 || 62 || 61,4 || 95 || 94,1 || 32,7 || 101 || 100,0 || 101 || 100,0 || 5,9 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES018 || 258 || 62 || 24,0 || 256 || 99,2 || 75,2 || 258 || 100,0 || 258 || 100,0 || 0,8 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES020 || 620 || 599 || 96,6 || 620 || 100,0 || 3,4 || 620 || 100,0 || 620 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES030 || 198 || 192 || 97,0 || 198 || 100,0 || 3,0 || 198 || 100,0 || 198 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES040 || 244 || 215 || 88,1 || 244 || 100,0 || 11,9 || 244 || 100,0 || 244 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES050 || 325 || 282 || 86,8 || 324 || 99,7 || 12,9 || 324 || 99,7 || 324 || 99,7 || 0,0 || 0,3 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES060 || 130 || 116 || 89,2 || 130 || 100,0 || 10,8 || 130 || 100,0 || 130 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES063 || 67 || 30 || 44,8 || 52 || 77,6 || 32,8 || 52 || 77,6 || 59 || 88,1 || 10,4 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES064 || 51 || 22 || 43,1 || 31 || 60,8 || 17,6 || 31 || 60,8 || 46 || 90,2 || 29,4 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES070 || 84 || 77 || 91,7 || 79 || 94,0 || 2,4 || 79 || 94,0 || 84 || 100,0 || 6,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES080 || 289 || 159 || 55,0 || 281 || 97,2 || 42,2 || 281 || 97,2 || 289 || 100,0 || 2,8 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES091 || 705 || 0 || 0,0 || 622 || 88,2 || 88,2 || 622 || 88,2 || 634 || 89,9 || 1,7 || 0,3 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES100 || 268 || 140 || 52,2 || 258 || 96,3 || 44,0 || 258 || 96,3 || 268 || 100,0 || 3,7 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES110 || 158 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES120 || 5 || 2 || 40,0 || 2 || 40,0 || 0,0 || 2 || 40,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES122 || 5 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES123 || 5 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES124 || 6 || 6 || 100,0 || 6 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 6 || 100,0 || 6 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES125 || 5 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES126 || 4 || 4 || 100,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES127 || 3 || 3 || 100,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES150 || 2 || 0 || 0,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 100,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES160 || 2 || 2 || 100,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

Total || 4184 || 2378 || 56,8 || 3830 || 91,5 || 34,7 || 3869 || 92,5 || 3936 || 94,1 || 2,5 || 0,1 || 0,0 || 0,0

Table 6.9: Natural surface water bodies: chemical status in 2009 and expected status in 2015, 2012 and 2027

Source: WISE and RBMPs; information provided by Spain (2014). As regards the increase of the number of Natural SWB in good chemical status by 2015, the figures of Table 6.9 might be misleading, as they include the expected re-classification of the currently “unknown” status of water bodies (see Table 6.3).

RBD || Total || GW chemical status || Good chemical status 2021 || Good chemical status 2027 || GW chemical exemptions (% of all GWBs)

Good or better 2009 || Good or better 2015 || Increase 2009 -2015 || Art 4(4) || Art 4(5) || Art 4(6) || Art 4(7)

No. || % || No. || % || % || No. || % || No. || % || % || % || % || %

ES010 || 6 || 5 || 83,3 || 5 || 83,3 || 0,0 || 6 || 100,0 || 6 || 100,0 || 16,7 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES014 || 18 || 18 || 100,0 || 18 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 18 || 100,0 || 18 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES017 || 28 || 26 || 92,9 || 27 || 96,4 || 3,6 || 28 || 100,0 || 28 || 100,0 || 3,6 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES018 || 20 || 20 || 100,0 || 20 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 20 || 100,0 || 20 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES020 || 64 || 50 || 78,1 || 48 || 75,0 || -3,1 || 48 || 75,0 || 50 || 78,1 || 3,1 || 21,9 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES030 || 24 || 18 || 75,0 || 18 || 75,0 || 0,0 || 22 || 91,7 || 24 || 100,0 || 25,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES040 || 20 || 7 || 35,0 || 7 || 35,0 || 0,0 || 7 || 35,0 || 20 || 100,0 || 65,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES050 || 60 || 44 || 73,3 || 49 || 81,7 || 8,3 || 55 || 91,7 || 60 || 100,0 || 18,3 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES060 || 67 || 32 || 47,8 || 46 || 68,7 || 20,9 || 55 || 82,1 || 62 || 92,5 || 23,9 || 7,5 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES063 || 14 || 5 || 35,7 || 7 || 50,0 || 14,3 || 7 || 50,0 || 12 || 85,7 || 35,7 || 14,3 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES064 || 4 || 2 || 50,0 || 2 || 50,0 || 0,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 50,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES070 || 63 || 39 || 61,9 || 37 || 58,7 || -3,2 || 38 || 60,3 || 53 || 84,1 || 25,4 || 15,9 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES080 || 90 || 63 || 70,0 || 63 || 70,0 || 0,0 || 72 || 80,0 || 87 || 96,7 || 26,7 || 3,3 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES091 || 105 || 82 || 78,1 || 82 || 78,1 || 0,0 || 82 || 78,1 || 103 || 98,1 || 20,0 || 1,9 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES100 || 39 || 16 || 41,0 || 18 || 46,2 || 5,1 || 18 || 46,2 || 39 || 100,0 || 53,8 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES110 || 90 || 55 || 61,1 || 64 || 71,1 || 10,0 || 75 || 83,3 || 87 || 96,7 || 25,6 || 3,3 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES120 || 10 || 2 || 20,0 || 2 || 20,0 || 0,0 || 2 || 20,0 || 2 || 20,0 || 0,0 || 80,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES122 || 4 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES123 || 1 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES124 || 4 || 3 || 75,0 || 3 || 75,0 || 0,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 25,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES125 || 5 || 4 || 80,0 || 4 || 80,0 || 0,0 || 4 || 80,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 20,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES126 || 5 || 3 || 60,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 40,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES127 || 3 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES150 || 1 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0 || 1 || 100,0 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES160 || 3 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

Total || 748 || 494 || 66,0 || 525 || 70,2 || 4,1 || 574 || 76,7 || 696 || 93,0 || 22,9 || 6,8 || 0,0 || 0,0

Table 6.10: Groundwater bodies: chemical status in 2009 and expected status in 2015, 2012 and 2027

Source: WISE and RBMPs; information provided by Spain (2014).

RBD || Total || Groundwater quantitative status || Good quantitative status 2021 || Good quantitative status 2027 || GW quantitative exemptions (% of all GWBs)

Good or better 2009 || Good or better 2015 || Increase 2009 -2015 || Art 4(4) || Art 4(5) || Art 4(6) || Art 4(7)

No. || % || No. || % || % || No. || % || No. || % || % || % || % || %

ES010 || 6 || 6 || 100,0 || 6 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 6 || 100,0 || 6 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES014 || 18 || 18 || 100,0 || 18 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 18 || 100,0 || 18 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES017 || 28 || 28 || 100,0 || 28 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 28 || 100,0 || 28 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES018 || 20 || 20 || 100,0 || 20 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 20 || 100,0 || 20 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 5,0

ES020 || 64 || 59 || 92,2 || 59 || 92,2 || 0,0 || 59 || 92,2 || 60 || 93,8 || 1,6 || 6,3 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES030 || 24 || 24 || 100,0 || 24 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 24 || 100,0 || 24 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES040 || 20 || 9 || 45,0 || 9 || 45,0 || 0,0 || 9 || 45,0 || 20 || 100,0 || 55,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES050 || 60 || 42 || 70,0 || 43 || 71,7 || 1,7 || 52 || 86,7 || 60 || 100,0 || 28,3 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES060 || 67 || 35 || 52,2 || 45 || 67,2 || 14,9 || 54 || 80,6 || 67 || 100,0 || 32,8 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES063 || 14 || 3 || 21,4 || 14 || 100,0 || 78,6 || 14 || 100,0 || 14 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES064 || 4 || 3 || 75,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 25,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 4 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES070 || 63 || 22 || 34,9 || 22 || 34,9 || 0,0 || 24 || 38,1 || 63 || 100,0 || 65,1 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES080 || 90 || 60 || 66,7 || 60 || 66,7 || 0,0 || 63 || 70,0 || 90 || 100,0 || 33,3 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES091 || 105 || 104 || 99,0 || 104 || 99,0 || 0,0 || 104 || 99,0 || 105 || 100,0 || 1,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES100 || 39 || 33 || 84,6 || 37 || 94,9 || 10,3 || 37 || 94,9 || 39 || 100,0 || 5,1 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES110 || 90 || 53 || 58,9 || 88 || 97,8 || 38,9 || 89 || 98,9 || 90 || 100,0 || 2,2 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES120 || 10 || 1 || 10,0 || 1 || 10,0 || 0,0 || 10 || 100,0 || 10 || 100,0 || 90,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES122 || 4 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES123 || 1 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES124 || 4 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES125 || 5 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES126 || 5 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES127 || 3 || 3 || 100,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES150 || 1 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0 || 1 || 100,0 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES160 || 3 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 3 || 100,0 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

Total || 748 || 533 || 71,3 || 595 || 79,5 || 8,3 || 632 || 84,5 || 735 || 98,3 || 18,7 || 1,6 || 0,0 || 0,1

Table 6.11: Groundwater bodies: quantitative status in 2009 and expected status in 2015, 2012 and 2027

Source: WISE and RBMPs; information provided by Spain (2014).

RBD || Total HMWB and AWB || Ecological potential || Good ecological potential 2021 || Good ecological potential 2027 || Ecological exemptions (% of all HMWB/AWB)

Good or better 2009 || Good or better 2015 || Increase 2009 -2015 || Art 4(4) || Art 4(5) || Art 4(6) || Art 4(7)

No. || % || No. || % || % || No. || % || No. || % || % || % || % || %

ES010 || 51 || 25 || 49,0 || 43 || 84,3 || 35,3 || 49 || 96,1 || 50 || 98,0 || 13,7 || 2,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES014 || 40 || 11 || 27,5 || 25 || 62,5 || 35,0 || 31 || 77,5 || 40 || 100,0 || 37,5 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES017 || 37 || 7 || 18,9 || 19 || 51,4 || 32,4 || 37 || 100,0 || 37 || 100,0 || 48,6 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES018 || 35 || 15 || 42,9 || 20 || 57,1 || 14,3 || 33 || 94,3 || 35 || 100,0 || 42,9 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 5,7

ES020 || 90 || 28 || 31,1 || 40 || 44,4 || 13,3 || 41 || 45,6 || 71 || 78,9 || 34,4 || 21,1 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES030 || 126 || 49 || 38,9 || 63 || 50,0 || 11,1 || 84 || 66,7 || 106 || 84,1 || 34,1 || 10,3 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES040 || 69 || 18 || 26,1 || 21 || 30,4 || 4,3 || 21 || 30,4 || 69 || 100,0 || 69,6 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES050 || 118 || 63 || 53,4 || 99 || 83,9 || 30,5 || 110 || 93,2 || 118 || 100,0 || 16,1 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES060 || 45 || 20 || 44,4 || 30 || 66,7 || 22,2 || 35 || 77,8 || 41 || 91,1 || 24,4 || 8,9 || 8,9 || 0,0

ES063 || 30 || 9 || 30,0 || 11 || 36,7 || 6,7 || 17 || 56,7 || 25 || 83,3 || 46,7 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES064 || 17 || 7 || 41,2 || 11 || 64,7 || 23,5 || 11 || 64,7 || 17 || 100,0 || 35,3 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES070 || 30 || 14 || 46,7 || 15 || 50,0 || 3,3 || 19 || 63,3 || 30 || 100,0 || 50,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES080 || 60 || 26 || 43,3 || 26 || 43,3 || 0,0 || 31 || 51,7 || 60 || 100,0 || 56,7 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES091 || 116 || 0 || 0,0 || 2 || 1,7 || 1,7 || 2 || 1,7 || 2 || 1,7 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES100 || 78 || 11 || 14,1 || 24 || 30,8 || 16,7 || 24 || 30,8 || 78 || 100,0 || 69,2 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES110 || 14 || 4 || 28,6 || 4 || 28,6 || 0,0 || 4 || 28,6 || 4 || 28,6 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES120 || 1 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES122 || 0 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES123 || 1 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES124 || 5 || 4 || 80,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 20,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 5 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES125 || 0 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES126 || 0 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES127 || 0 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -

ES150 || 1 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0 || 1 || 100,0 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES160 || 2 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 50,0 || 50,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 2 || 100,0 || 50,0 || 0,0 || 50,0 || 0,0

Total || 966 || 311 || 32,2 || 459 || 47,5 || 15,3 || 557 || 57,7 || 792 || 82,0 || 34,4 || 3,8 || 0,5 || 0,2

Table 6.12: Heavily modified and artificial water bodies: ecological potential in 2009 and expected ecological potential in 2015, 2012 and 2027

Source: WISE and RBMPs; information provided by Spain (2014).

RBD || Total HMWB and AWB || Chemical status || Good chemical status 2021 || Good chemical status 2027 || Chemical exemptions (% of all HMWB/AWB)

Good or better 2009 || Good or better 2015 || Increase 2009 -2015 || Art 4(4) || Art 4(5) || Art 4(6) || Art 4(7)

No. || % || No. || % || % || No. || % || No. || % || % || % || % || %

ES010 || 51 || 17 || 33,3 || 51 || 100,0 || 66,7 || 51 || 100,0 || 51 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES014 || 40 || 26 || 65,0 || 29 || 72,5 || 7,5 || 29 || 72,5 || 33 || 82,5 || 10,0 || 17,5 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES017 || 37 || 19 || 51,4 || 30 || 81,1 || 29,7 || 37 || 100,0 || 37 || 100,0 || 18,9 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES018 || 35 || 19 || 54,3 || 33 || 94,3 || 40,0 || 34 || 97,1 || 35 || 100,0 || 5,7 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES020 || 90 || 87 || 96,7 || 90 || 100,0 || 3,3 || 90 || 100,0 || 90 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES030 || 126 || 121 || 96,0 || 126 || 100,0 || 4,0 || 126 || 100,0 || 126 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES040 || 69 || 53 || 76,8 || 69 || 100,0 || 23,2 || 69 || 100,0 || 69 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES050 || 118 || 101 || 85,6 || 117 || 99,2 || 13,6 || 117 || 99,2 || 118 || 100,0 || 0,8 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES060 || 45 || 40 || 88,9 || 45 || 100,0 || 11,1 || 45 || 100,0 || 45 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES063 || 30 || 20 || 66,7 || 26 || 86,7 || 20,0 || 26 || 86,7 || 28 || 93,3 || 6,7 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES064 || 17 || 6 || 35,3 || 10 || 58,8 || 23,5 || 10 || 58,8 || 17 || 100,0 || 41,2 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES070 || 30 || 20 || 66,7 || 22 || 73,3 || 6,7 || 22 || 73,3 || 30 || 100,0 || 26,7 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES080 || 60 || 22 || 36,7 || 51 || 85,0 || 48,3 || 51 || 85,0 || 60 || 100,0 || 15,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES091 || 116 || 0 || 0,0 || 2 || 1,7 || 1,7 || 2 || 1,7 || 2 || 1,7 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES100 || 78 || 37 || 47,4 || 60 || 76,9 || 29,5 || 60 || 76,9 || 78 || 100,0 || 23,1 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES110 || 14 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES120 || 1 || 0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0 || 0,0 || 1 || 100,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,0

ES122 || 0 || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -