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COMMISSION  OF THE  EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES 
COM(83) 89 final 
Brussels,  23 February  1983 
MEMORANDUM 
on the implementation  of an  iron and steel research  programme, 
with a view to obtaining  financial  aid under Article  55(2)(c) 
of the ECSC Treaty 
(submitted  to the  Council  by the  Commission) 
COM(83) 89 final 

MEMORANDUM 
on the implementation  of an  iron and steel 
research  programme,  with a view to obtaining 
financial  aid under  Article  55 (2) [c) of 
the ESCS  Treaty 
I-INTRODUCTION 
This memorandum  consists  of 61  projetcs that  will form 
the second  part of the ECSC programme of  research  and develop­
ment on  iron and steel  for 1983 for  which aid under  Article 
55, 2(c] of the ECSC  Treaty  is requested;  the  first  part of 
the programme  consists  of 11  projects  which  are discribed  in 
memorandum  number COM (82) B19f. 
After a detailed  examination  of a  total  of 200  propo­
sals by the  services  of the  Commission  in collaboration with 
the Iron  and Steel Technical  Research  Committee,  these  61 
projects along with  the 11  contained  in the  first  part of the 
programme  have been  selected  as first  priority  for  financial 
support  in 1983. 
In the evaluation  of the  proposals,  priority  has been 
given to those  that correspond  most  closely  to the  criteria 
outlined  on the medium  term  orientation  for steel research 
[ 1 98 1 - 1 985 ) (x) and  which  have the following overall objectives; 
to improve  industrial  competitiveness  by reducing  produc­
tion costs  and improving  the product  and 
to promote  steel  as an  engineering  and structural material 
through  studies  of the  service properties  and utilisation 
of steel. 
The technical  scope  of the  total  proposed  programme c 
72 projects  covers  various  aspects  of iron and steelmaking 
technology  with the level of funding distributed  as follows: 
(x) Official  Journal  C99, Vol. 24,2 May 1981 

2 
ironmaking (13,5%), steelmaking (17,2%),  rolling  mills  and 
mechanical working  (12,2%)  measurements  and analysis (13,1%), 
properties  and service  performance  of steel  (40,7%)  and 
miscellaneous (3,3%). 
In the production and processing sector of the pro­
gramme,  advances  in blast  furnace technology  will  be sought 
aimed at improved  furnace operation and at reduced  energy 
costs through  substitution.  This  latter  aspect concerns the 
replacement of oil by pulverized coal in the  development  of 
new injection  technique s.In continuous  casting,  now an 
etablished  means  of achieving important  energy  economies 
compared  with the  traditional  ingot casting  practice,  the 
main preoccupations of the research are to  improve  the sur­
face and  internal  quality  of cast products and to  advance 
the control  and operating  performance  of casting  machines. 
A major  part of  this work  will be concerned with obtaining 
a better understanding of the  complex  phenomena  associated 
with segregation during casting so that the properties of 
the pruduct may be  enhanced.  The significance  of research 
in this area is evident  from  the fact that the continuous 
casting  production  potential  in the  Community  has now reached 
some 80 million  tonnes/year and  this  is envisaged to  rise to 
90 million  tonnes/year by  1985. 
The research on  rolling  mills  reflected  the growing 
interest  in the  development  of high strength low  alloy  steels 
and the optimisation of  steel  properties by the adoption of 
controlled  rolling  and strip  cooling techniques. Furthermore, 
in the manufacture  of steel  strip  for such applications as 
automobile construction,  ways  will be explored to  control 
better shape  (flatness)  and profile  throughout  mill  processing. 
Studies of  flat rolled  products are also  proposed  in the  mea­
surements  sector  where  prototype  equipment  to assess surface 
quality  will be developed- using  ultrasonic  techniques. 
The support  proposed  for research on the properties 
and service  performance  of steels  exceeds,  for the  first 
time, 40% of the  programme's  annual  budget.  The emphasis 
being given to  work in this area indicates the growing  impor­
tance attached to  steel  product  development  and the  need  to 
meet the increasingly  severe property requirements  from  the 
user industries  as well as the competition  from  alternative 
materials.  The technical  areas covered  range  from  weldability 
and formability  of sheet  steel  to special  and constructional 
steels  with the corrosion and  fracture  properties of  steels 
for marine  applications  receiving  particular  attention. 
In marine  corrosion, a  second  collective  programme  will 
be carried  out involving  five  different  laboratories in  which 
the role of selected allowing additions in  steel  will be 
better  defined. The ultimate objective is to develop  steel 
grades  possessing  enhanced  corrosion resistance for such 

- 3 -
applications  as offshore structures and  underwater  pipelines. 
Other projects  will  deal with corrosion  problems  encountered 
in service by  sheet  and tube  products. 
In the  promotion  of steels for gas transmission pipe­
lines, which  represents an  important  market  for the industry, 
the requirement  for safety and  reliability  has focused  much 
attention  on the factors  governing  fracture.  While  significant 
progress  has been made  already with  ECSC  support  in relating 
steel properties to fracture characteristics, the current 
interest  in raising  operating pressures in pipelines has 
indicated  the need  for additional costly  full-scale  testing. 
Studies of fracture in  submerged  offshore pipeline steels 
are also  proposed. 
The appropriations in the  ECSC  operational  budget 
for 1983 for financing  this steel research  programme  have 
been set at 14  M.ECU.  This amount  is intended for the 
financing  of: 
- 55 research projects  listed  in the  summary  table attached 
to the document,  except  the 6 projects  P.13B2,  P.1387, 
P. 1411,  P.1413,  P.1 364 and P. 1 367 and  totalling  1 3.828.950 
ECU . 
- ancillary  expenses  and the cost of  desseminating  information 
totalling  171.050  ECU. 
The six  remaining  projects  totalling  1.306.600  ECU, 
constitute  a reserve to be financed as  when  additional 
resources  become  available. 
II. THE RESEARCH  PROJECTS 
II.1 ORE REDUCTION 
II.1.1.  Sinter 
The aim of project  P1307  is to established association 
criteria  for sinter  mixtures  on the basis of the inherent 
properties of the ores. 
P1307 Rational  composition  of sinter  mixtures 
The main  work  will consist of laboratory and  grade  experi­
ments,  notably to  determine: 
- minera  1ogica 1  composition 
- texture 
- type  of crystallization 
- softening and fusion  behaviour 

- 4 -
- tendency  to form micropellets. 
The minera  1ogica1 structure  of the  ores and additives  will 
be ascertained  by means of an  automatic  image  analyser. 
The project  will be carried  out in two  stages. 
Applicant:  CRM  - Liège 
Budget:  467 000  ECU 
Probable  duration:  3 years. 
II.1.2. Blast  furnace 
Research  project  P1317 is  designed  to apply new findings 
concerning  the upper  part of the  furnace  and the  cohesive 
zone to processes  in the  lower  part of the  furnace  and at 
the same  time to investigate physical  and chemical  processes 
in that area. 
Project  P1399  will study  pulverized coal injection into  a 
large blast  furnace  so as to  determine  the optimum  injection 
rate. 
P1317 Chemical  and physical  processes  in the  fusion  zone 
and their effect  on energy  consumption  an heath  lite 
The following  experiments  are planned: 
a) laboratory  experiments  to determine  activities  (CaO, 
Si02,FeQ  etc..),  and experiments  on the  molten  pig  iron 
and slag flow 
b) In-service  experiments  to determine  the flow rates  of pig 
iron and slag and the  tapping  sequences.  In addition  the 
slag composition  will be monitored  as will the heat flow 
on the bottom  and the  thickness reduction  of the  carbon 
bricks. 
Applicant:  Thyssen  -Duisburg 
Amount:  1738 500 ECU 
Probable  duration:  3 years. 
P1399 Powdered  coal injection  in a  large blast  furnace 
The following  will be investigated: 
- the coke replacement  ratio  up to  100 kg coal/tonne  pig 
- throat and bosh gases 
- blast furnace  productivity. 
Blast furnace  operation  will  also be adapted  to the  modified 
process.  The research  is being  carried  out in  cooperation 
with Italsider,  Taranto. 

- 5 -
Applicant:  CSM-Roma 
Budget:  B01 00D ECU 
Probable  duration:  3 years. 
11.2 STEEL MAKING 
II.2.1 Gasting_and_solidification 
All nine projects relate  to continuous  casting.  The 
first three deal with  the  solidifying  shell.  In project 
P1321 the  shell  thickness  is to be  measured  automatically, 
first on billets  and later on slabs.  In projects  P1323  and 
13 82 the  mechanical  properties  of the  shell  will be deter­
mined experimentally. 
In projects  P1372  and 13B1 the  mechanical  and thermal 
behaviour  of a number  of pairs of rolls  will be investigated 
together with  their  influence  on the  occurrance  of internal 
defects  in slabs. 
The purpose  of project  1322 is to  improve  surface 
quality  of continuously cast special steels. 
Project  P1431  plans  automatic  monitoring  of operating 
parameters  and the  machine  state with  a view to improved 
and more  uniform  product  quality. 
Project  P1430  aims to improve  the control  model  for 
continuous  casting, incorporating bulging  and incorrect 
adjustment  and eccentricity  of the  rolls. 
Under project  P1429  an attempt  will be made to  refine 
the structure  of ingots  and continuously cast  products  by 
the application  of vibrational  energy. 
P1321 Determination  of shell  thickness  in continuous  casting  
to improve  process  control 
The aim is the  further  development  for  industrial  use of 
the instrument  for measuring  shell  thickness  designed 
under Agreement  7210-CA/126. 
The first  industrial  tests  will be on  billets.  Then the mea­
suring  pick-ups  will be further  developed  for  slabs.  An 
effort  will be made to  automate  the measuring  instrument  for 
continuous  operation. 
Applicant:  BFI-Dusseldorf 
Budget:  681 500 ECU 
Probable  duration:  3 years. 

- 6 -
P1 323 Measurement  of high-temperature  properties of the  
shell immediately  after  solidification 
To avoid external and internal cracks in the  shell  when  it 
is withdrawn,  the material properties  have  to be  determined 
at very  high temperatures. 
1. A tensile testing  machine  is to be constructed to test 
steel immediately  below  its solidification  temperature. 
Models  will be used  to transfer the results to the 
stressing  of the casting  shell.  The preliminary experi­
ments  will be carried out on  copper. 
2. Systematic  research on steels. 
3. Building of a Theological  model  covering the  mould  and 
secondary  cooling  zone.Temperature  stresses,  bulges  and 
deformations  will be covered  by this model. 
Applicant:  Krupp-Essen 
Budget:  383 000  ECU 
Probable  duration:  2 years. 
P1382 Solidifcation brittleness of  carbon  steels 
The reasons  for steels brittleness in the vocinity of the 
solidus  temperature  will be investigated. In particular 
fracture  mechanisms  will be studied. 
1. Study of C-Mn-Si  steels 
2. Study of carbon  steels  from  0.05 to G.8% C 
3. Investigation of the role of the  elements  S, P and B. 
The research  will  consist  mainly  of testing tensile test 
pieces on a gleeble  machine  and also  bend  test pieces. 
Applicant:  IRSID  - St-Germain-en-Laye 
Budget:  354 0D0 ECU 
Probable  duration:  3 years. 
P 1 372 Research  on the supporting of continuously cast slabs 
Paris of rolls  under  stress are to be investigated at the 
critical  points of an  industrial  continuous  slab casting 
machine  at Cockeri11-Sambre.  The research  will  be carried 
out on water-colled  rolls. 
The programme  covers  various steels, various casting  speeds 
and various slab  widths.  Hot and cold tests  will be compa­
red. The results  will be used  for computerized  process 
contro1» 

- 7 -
Applicant:  CRM-Liege 
Budget:  259 500 ECU 
Probable  duration: 3 years. 
P13 61 Mechanical  behaviour  of the slab in the cooling  zone  
of a continuous  casting  machine 
The research  will  correlate the internal defects in slabs 
and the  deformation  produced  by the  machine. 
Five pairs of  rolls  in an  industrial  slab casting  machine 
(Dunkirk)  will be instrumented  to measure  forces. The  mecha­
nical and thermal  behaviour  of the slabs  along  this measuring 
section  will be monitored  simultaneously. The  process  will 
be described in a  mathematical  model.  There  are also  plans 
to determine  the quality of the slabs as  regards  internal 
defects and segregation. 
The research results  will be used  to prepare  criteria  for 
the control of the  continuous  casting  machine. 
Applicant:  IRSID  - St Germain-en-Lay  e 
Budget:  526 500 ECU 
Probable  duration: 4 years. 
P1 322 Relationship  between  surface quality and casting  
powder  used  in the  continuous  casting of  blooms 
The research  parameters  are as follows: 
1. Different casting  powders. 
2. Different steel  grade  (extra-mild steels containing 
less than  0.1% carbon,  case hardening  steels,  heat treat­
ment steels,  silicon  spring steels, cable steels, bearing 
and tool steels) . 
3. Different strand  dimensions  ( 150 x 150; 24D x 240; 
240 x 320 mm2) . 
4. Different casting  speeds. 
In the  experiments  the friction  between  strand and  mould 
and the surface  qulity  will  be determined. 
Applicant:  Arbed  Saarstahl- Volklingen 
Budget:  485 000 ECU 
Probable  duration: 3 years. 
P1431 Continuous  casting plant engineering control 
The operating  parameters  and machine  state of a  continuous 
casting plant  will  be automatically  monitored  with a  view 
to improving  product  quality. The following research is 

- 8 -
planned  : 
Design of a  monitoring system  for the  mould,  secondary 
cooling  zone,  back-up  roll systems  and withdrawing  and 
straightening  roll systems. 
The systems  will be tested  on industrial  scale  on the  slab 
casting  machines  in Lackenby  and Scunthorpe, 
Applicant:  BSC-London 
Budget:  345 000 ECU 
Probable duration:  2 years. 
P1430 Strand deformation  in continuous  casting 
It is planned  to adapt an existing  control  model  for a 
continuous  slab  casting  machine.  Using  the  finite  element 
method,  a three-dimensional  model  will be built for the 
strand.  The creep properties  of the  steel up to the  solidus 
will be used as a  basis.  The following  will be included  in 
the model:. 
- the  affect-of  a roll adjustment  fault 
- the  eccentricity  of the  rolls. 
The necessary creep data  up to 145Q°C  will be obtained  in 
laboratory  research. 
Applicant:  BSC-London 
Budget:  249 500 ECU 
Probable duration:  2 years. 
P1429 Structural  refinement  bv vibrational  energy 
Vibrational  energy  will  be applied  either  directly  in the 
residual  liquid  pool (ingots)  or through  the  solidifying 
skin (continuously cast products)  in order to refine  the 
structure.  The research  will be carried  out on 0.05 and 4 
tonne ingots  and on  continuously cast products.  Immersion 
probes operating  in the 5-100 Hz  frequency range  will be 
used. The experimental parameters  are time and steel  compo­
sition.  The frequency range  up to 16 Hz  will be investigated 
during  experiments  on the  continuous  casting  machine. 
Applicant:  BSC-London 
Budget:  287 000 ECU 
Probable duration:  2 years. 

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II.2.2.  StBelworks[ metallurgy 
Project  P1324  is designed to  investigate  the physical 
laws governing powring processes in various  steel  plant. 
P1 324 Preventing  slag from running out of converters with  
the steel 
Theoretical  research,  model  experiments and  in-service 
experiments are planned. The  aims  are to  improve  quality, 
to save  raw materials by advoiding degradation and to  improve 
productivity  and industrial  safety. 
The following  work  is planned: 
1. Theoretical studies on turbulence and eddying 
2. Model  experiments for converters  ladles  and continuous 
casting  rundishes 
3. In-service experiments with the  same  plant. 
The research ia being  done  as part of a  joint  programme  in which 
Claustha.l  •. '.' Technical  University,  the BFI and  Hoesch  and 
Krupp are participating. 
Applicant;  VDEh-DQsseldorf 
Budget:  939 500 ECU 
Probabls duration: 31/2 years. 
II.2.3.  S t ee lworks -L _ t e ch no 1 ogy 
The purpose  of Project  P1325  is to determine how 
electrode  consumption  in electric  arc furnaces is  affected 
by design features, operating  practice  and electrode proper­
ties. 
P 13 2 5 Monitoring of electrode  quality  and reduction in  
electrode  consumption  in arc furnaces 
The following  work  is planned: 
1. Determination of electrode properties in the laboratory 
and in  service 
2. Determination of electrode  consumption  in service 
3. Determination of furnace operating  practice 
4. Determination of furnace design features 
5. Determination of electrode  consumption  statistics. 

-10-
Applicant:  BFI-Dusseldorf 
Budget:  B6B 500 ECU 
Probable duration:  4 years. 
II.3 MECHANICAL  WORKING 
II.3.1  Rolling  mills  - bars and sections 
The aim of  Project  P1286  is to  prevent deformation 
in the cooling  of heavy  sections.  This  will economize  on 
expensive  straightening  operations.  P1387  concerns  the 
automation  of an  industrial  beam  mill so as to  optimize 
the rolling  process  in respect  of product tolerances  and 
energy consumption.  P1405  deals with  the thermomechanica  1 
finishing  of stainless  steel  wire rod. 
P 1 28B Selective  cooling  of sections 
The occurrence  of deformations  is to be  prevented  by selective 
cooling..  The experiments  will be carried  out in the  large 
beam mill in Esch-Belval  on angles  and channels  up to 
120 Kg/m. The  parts  of greatest  mass  will be cooled  faster 
than those  of lesser  mass by  water, water/air mixture  or 
air. • 
It is also planned  to investigate  the mechanical  properties. 
The CRM in  Liege  will also  cooperate  in the  research. 
Applicant:  Arbed-Luxembourg 
Budget:  . 301 000 ECU 
Probable duration:  3 years. 
P1387 Automation  of a  universal  beam  mill 
The walking  beam , furnace, roughing  mill,  intermediate stand, 
universal  stand  and finishing  stand  are to be  automated. 
1. Theoretical  part:  in this phase  an existing  physical-
mathematical  model  will be adapted  to the  requirements 
of automation  in real time. 
2. Experimental  part:  here the control  algorhythms  will be 
used '.in. service  (Usinor Valenciennes). 
Applicant:  IRSID  - St  Germain-en-Laye 
Budget:  540 500 ECU 
Probable duration:  4 years. 

-11 -
P14D5 Use of redidual  rolling  heat for heat treatment 
of stainless steel wire  rods 
The aim is to  attain  the desired  mechanical  properties 
directly  from  rolling  heat,  thus  eliminating  the need for 
subsequent  heat treatment.  The research  will be carried 
out on stainless austenitic steels  A S 304, 316, 309 and 
321 and on  ferritic  steels  A S 430 and 446.  Cooling cycles 
will be simulated.  In addition  the straining  process  will 
be analysed  and the  material characterized  in respect  of 
recrystallization  behaviour. 
Applicant:  CSM-Roma 
Budget:  243 500 ECU 
"Pro.ba:bl.e  duration:  2 years. 
II.3.2. Rolling_Mills_-_flat_products 
Project  P1309  is designed  to improve  plate properties 
by control  of the  cooling  process  and hence  of the  transfor­
mation  conditions.  The aim is to  achieve  a fine-gained 
ferrite  by reducing  the  allotropie  transformation  temperature 
P1309 Automatic  monitoring  of sheet  microstructure 
The following research  is planned: 
1. Building  of a  mathematical  model  [determination  of charac­
teristic  rolling  parameters,  the role of the  austenite 
.grain,  rolling  temperatures) 
2. Correlation  between  transformation  temperature  and 
mechanical  properties 
3. Analysis  of the  thermal  behaviour  of the  plant 
4. Construction  of the  industrial  control  model 
5. Off-line  and eventually on-line testing. 
Applicant:  CRM-Liège 
Budget:  418 000  ECU 
Probable  duration:  3 years. 
II.3.3. Cold_ro 1ling_mi 11 s 
Project  P1389  concerns  a new  development  in rolling. 
Known as  asynchronous  rolling. 
In P1466  the effect  of hot  strip  cooling  on shape 
and profile  changes  will be investigated.  In a  second  stage 

-12-
the influence  of bell and continuous  annealing  on shape  and 
profile  changes  will also be studied. 
P1389 Asynchronous  rolling 
The following  work is planned: 
1. Building  of a  model  for asynchronous  rolling 
2. Investigation  of metal/roll  friction  with and without 
lubrication 
3. Study  of the  influence  of roll force,  torque  and slip 
on tension  change.  Study  of the  influence  of asynchronous 
rolling  on rolling  stands 
4. Test  rolling  (at  first  with  plasticine). 
Applicant:  IRSID-St  Germain-en-Laye 
Budget:  230 ••• ECU 
Probable  duration:  2 1/2  years. 
P1466 Form and profile  in sheet  mills 
The following  research  is planned: 
1 . Construction  of a  mobile  shape  and profile  measuring 
device for hot and  cold  strip 
2. Measurement  of hot  strip  before  coiling  by laser  beams 
3. Development  of a  mathematical  model  to describe stress 
and elongation during cooling 
4. Measurement  of shape and profile  after cold  rolling  and 
after annealing 
5. Building  of a  mathematical  model  to describe stress  and 
elongation during  annealing. 
Application:  Hoogovens-Ijmuiden 
Budget:  544 500 ECU 
Probable  duration:  3 years. 
II.3.4  Rollins mills  - Various 
Project  P1335  will investigate  the influences  of 
tension  rollers  on strip  properties.  The aim of  project 
P1437 is to  measure  the  roll profile  in hot  wide  strip 
mills. Wear at the  edges is to be  compensated  by selective 
cooling  of the  rolls to allow a larger  throughput  of the 
same width  dimension. 

- 13-
P1 335 Strip deformation  in tensioning  rollers 
The research  will be carried  out on an  experimental  instal­
lation.  The diameter,  arrangement  and number  of the  tensioning 
rollers  and the  angle of grip will be varied-  The experimental 
set-up  will be on an  industrial  scale. 
Applicant:  BFI -  • £5 s s e 1 d orf 
Budget:  835 000 ECU 
Probable duration:  4 years. 
P1437 Work  roll  profile 
The ain is to  measure  roll wear  directly  in the  wide strip 
mill. The following  work is planned: 
1. Laboratory  work to develop  the measuring  system 
2. Installation  of the  profile  measuring  device  on the 
finishing  stand  of a  wide  strip  mill 
3. Collection  and evaluation  of measurement  data during 
operation. 
Applicant:  BSC-London 
Budget:  226 500 ECU 
Probable duration:  2 years. 
II.4 MEASUREMENTS AND  ANALYSIS 
For reasons,  of quality,  safety  and economy,  enormous 
importance  is attached  to projects concerning  measurements 
and analysis  for  steel in general,  whether  hot or  cold, 
both during  the steelmaking process  and the  stage of semi­
finished  and finished  products  and assemblies.  The main 
concern  in the  proposed  research  is to  optimize  methods 
associated  with the development  of sophisticated computeri­
zed or robotized techniques. 
P1 339 Ultrasonic surface inspection  of heavy  plate 
In fabricating  and using  heavy  plate,  it is  necessary  to 
comply  with stringent requirements concerning  the absence 
of structural  or surface defects. 
The IZfP  will construct  a prototype inspection instrument 
using contactless  ultrasonic  techniques (electromagnetic 
waves propagating along  the surface).  The aim is to  optimize 
detection  capacity  so as to  detect cracks  a few  millimetres 
in length  and about 0.1 mm  wide.  This method  should  greatly 
improve  inspection  speed and objectivity.  It will be possible 
to store  the results  automatically.  The parameters  for 

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distinguishing  between  acceptable  and unacceptable defects 
will be processed  for  direct  application. 
Applicant:  Fraunhofer  Institut  Für Zerstörungfreie 
Prüfverfahren - Saarbrücken 
Budget:  519 0 00 ECU 
Probable  duration:  3 years. 
P1343 Determination  of the met a  1-a 11oyed aluminium content  
and other oxygen -sensitive elements 
Because  of its  high oxygen  affinity,  aluminium  is continuously 
subject  to oxidizing  loss which  varies  according  to different 
paremeters  and is due to  atmospheric  oxygen,  slag and ladle 
linings  (secondary  effect)  and to  parasitic  oxygen  in the 
ingot mould  (tertiary  effect). 
Consequently precise data  on the  aluminium content  in the 
ladle immediately  after  deoxidation  and on  operating condi­
tions are essential  in order to adjust  the aluminium content 
in the finished  product.  The aim is to  design  and develop 
a method  for  rapid determination  of soluble  and non-soluble 
aluminium  in molten  steel,  and to  construct  a system  for 
sampling  in the  bath. The tests  and experiments  will be 
carried  out on an  industrial  site in a  continuous  casting 
machine . 
Applicant:  Dillinger  Hü11enwerke -Di 11ingen 
Budget:  99 ODO ECU 
Probable duration:  3 years. 
P 1 375 Continuous  measurements  of the  particle  sizing  of 
blast furnace  burden  materials 
Obviously  the particle  sizing  of materials used  in plants 
such as coke ovens  or sinter  lines  and in  blast  furnaces 
is very important  as it  affects  the density, permeability 
and reactivity  of the  materials. 
This project  aims to develop  a measurement  system which, 
by continuously measuring  particle  sizing,  can ascertain 
the average  distribution  of the  materials concerned.  The 
research  will use a  combination  of optical  systems  (tele­
vision camera  and photodetectors).  The product  will be 
observed during its  fall as it  leaves  the sampling device, 
by means of an  optical  system  consisting  of a  light  source, 
one or more  photodetectors  and a TV  camera.  A spectral 
analysis  will then give  a representation  of the  particle 
size distribution  of the  product.  Depending  on results,  it 
is planned  to design apparatus which could  be useful  to the 
whole industry. 

-15-
Applicant:  IRSID-St-Germain-en-Laye 
Budget:  443 000 ECU 
Probable  duration: 2 years. 
P1406 Robotization of cold spot-scarfing for continuously-
caat slabs 
This is a confirmation of the research  done  under  ECSC 
agreements  7210.GA/409  (Italsider  - CSM]. The results  will 
be applied to the  development  of a method  and apparatus 
for the detection and location of surface defects on slabs 
using eddy  currents. 
The aim is to  study,  design and construct a  spot - scarfing 
robot controlled by  this automatic  detection  system.  It 
will be an  industrial  prototype tested on  site  and coupled 
to a computerized  data  acquisition  system. 
Applicant: 11a  1sider-Genova 
Budget:  455 500 ECU 
Probable  duration: 1 1/2 years. 
II . 5 SERVICE  PROPERTIES  AND PERFORMANCE 
II . 5 . 1 . Weldability_ 
There are two  main  requirements  for welding:  speed 
at low cost, while ensuring that the  welds  produced  meet 
the mechanical  strength and safety  requirements.  These  two 
themes  feature in the proposals  submitted. 
P1 299 Improved  productivity  through  metal  powder  additions  
to submerged  arc welds 
The use of  metal  powders  in submerged  arc welding  of steel 
to increase  metal  deposition rates  without  increasing the 
energy  input is attracting increasing interest as a  means 
of reducing steel fabrication costs. The principle of the 
method  is not  new.M"etal  powders  are added  to the  weld  usually 
either  by pouring  metal  powder  into the  weld  preparation 
ahead of the  weld  pool, or by delivery of the  powder  directly 
into the weld  pool. The aim of the  method  is based  on a better 
exploitation  of the  energy  of the arc by using the  excess 
heat of the  weld  pool to  melt  the powder.  Increases in 
metal deposition rate of 60 - 70%  have  been  reported,  although 
such increases are strongly  dependent  on the  joint  preparation, 
and too  much powder  addition can  .produce  defects  such  as lack 
of fusion.  However,  there is  little  quantitative  data  and the 
potential  benefits of the  metal  powder  addition  approach  need 
to be clarified.  The objective of the  proposed  programme  is 
to provide  data  which  show  how metal  powder  additions to 
submerged  arc welds  could be safely  used to give increased 

-16-
productivity  and hence  reduce  costs for the  Communities' 
fabrication  industry. The following benefits to the 
European  Communities  are envisaged as a  result  of the 
proposed  work  : 
1. A reduction in costs for  fabricating  steel  structures. 
2. As a consequence  an increase in competitiveness of  steel 
against other constructional materials. 
3. As a consequence  an increase in  demand  for steel. 
Applicants:  Welding  Institute-Cambridge 
Institut  de Soudure-Paris 
Budget  : W.I. 1 64 500  ECU 
I . S . 160 500  ECU 
Probable duration:  2 years. 
P1 344 Welding  of X6N19  steel  with  filler  metal  of the  same  
type 
This steel,  used  mainly in the storage and transport of 
liquefied  gas at  temperatures  as low as  -196°C,  can at 
present be  welded  only with high-alloy, and therefore 
expensive,  filler  metal. Further  drawbacks  are the  difficul­
ty in inspecting the  weld beads  because  of the  meta  11 ograph i c 
structures  involved and the appreciable difference in  mecha­
nical properties in the various  zones  of the  weld. 
These difficulties  must  be overcome  if the  Community  fabri­
cators are to  remain  competitive with  their  overseas  rivals. 
The aim is to  find a filler  metal  of the  same  type as the 
parent metal  which  will not only solve these technological 
difficulties  but will also bring  down  costs. It is  planned 
to make  experimental melts of various  alloys  and to use 
them for manual  submerged  arc welding in an  inert  atmosphere. 
Applicant:  Thy s sen-Du i sburg 
Budget:  381 000  ECU 
Probable duration:  3 years. 
UU.5.2.  C or ro s i o  n _ a nd _ s u rf a  c e Protection 
Here the emphasis  has shifted  to studies enabling 
designers,  manufacturers  and users to put research  results 
into practical  application. Several basic research  programmes 
that have  defined  methods  and demonstrated  the role  of 
alloying  elements  will now be followed by a  practical  phase 
involving  the production of new  grades  and research on  their 
performance  [resistance to  marine  corrosion and to corrosion 
in a hydrogen  environment). The  same  trend is  found  in 
research on sheet,  where  there are plans to study surface 
protection,  mainly with a  view to the  motor  industry  market. 

- 17 -
P1282 Influence of residual  elements  on the intergranular  
stress  corrosion cracking of  carbon  steels 
In the programme  started  last year  only one electrolyte 
(hot nitrate) is  used.  To cover  the overall objective of 
the study  it is  necessary  to define also the  relative  effects 
of the common  impurities, P, S, Sn, Cu, and Ni, on the  inter-
granular stress corrosion cracking of  carbon-manganese 
steels  in carbonate/hydrogen  carbonate  electrolytes  through 
surface studies, electrochemical studies and  mechanical  tests 
In Japan,  very pure  steels are  produced,  extremely  low in 
phosphorus  and other impurities. In  this  way, the deleterious 
effects  of grain  boundary  segregants  are avoided.  However, 
it is not clear as yet  which  are the precise conditions and 
applications  that involve strong effects of impurities on 
the susceptibility  of unalloyed steels to intergranu1ar 
stress  corrosion cracking  (IGSCC). 
Applicant: National Physical Laboratory -  Teddington 
Budget:  116 000 ECU 
P12 9 7 Susceptibility  of high - strength  steels to  stress 
corrosion  and/or  hydrogen  embrittlement  in corrosive 
environment  s 
In the shielded areas, to  which  little  air penetrates, of 
offshore structures in service, polluting organic  substances 
can undergo  putrefaction  processes  with the formation of 
hydrogen  /sulphide and  pitting  can occur  with the formation 
of free  acidity.  This could create the conditions for the 
occurrence  of two  types  of damage  in which  hydrogen  appears 
to play a  vital  role and  which  could  both  in time lead to 
catastrophic  failure:  stress-corrosion cracking in the 
presence  of internal or external stresses and  hydrogen 
embritt1ernent cracks in the  absence  of such  stresses. 
The same  problems  may occur, for  example,  on materials  used 
for oil welds  and/or  for geothermal  applications and for 
crude oil and/or  gas trrfsport  and supply. This project is 
designed  to study  the stress corrosion and  hydrogen  embrittle-
ment cracking  mechanisms  in welds  with a high  yield  point. 
Applicant:  Istituto  di Ricerche  Breda-Milano 
"Buttget : 223 000 ECU 
Probable  duration: 2 1/2 years. 

-18-
P1311 Degreasing  and ph  osphate-co ating of deep-drawing  sheet 
For motor  vehicle  bodywork,  deep-drawing  sheet  is subjected, 
after forming  and assembly,  to a  finished  treatment consisting 
mainly of alkaline  degreasing,  phosphate-waiting and  painting 
followed  by a  finishing  coat.  A study of industrial  practice 
shows that  this  alkaline  degreasing treatment varies  and 
does not always  make due  allowance  for the  surface properties 
of the sheet to be  treated  (coil  -annealed,  continuously 
annealed,  galvanized,  etc..).  The purpose  of the  proposed 
research  is to  study the  effect  of various  alkaline  degreasing 
treatments  used in the  motor  industry  on the  quality  of the 
phosph  atizing layers. 
Applicant:  CRU - Liège 
Budget:  407 000  ECU 
Probable duration:  3 years. 
P1313 Sheet  surface  and bodywork  life 
One of the  current  concerns  of the  motor  industry  is to 
provide resistance against corrosion  by the  salds  used on 
icy roads".  The current  garantees  offered  customers  cover 
on 1-y." penetrating" corrosion  and in  principle  are not  effec­
tive when the  corrosion only affects  the appearance  of the 
bodywork.  The demand for  good overall  durability  will have 
to be met in the  near future  and it is  therefore necessary 
to find the answers  to the  following points,  which  the 
proposed  research project  will address: 
-the role of the  sheet  surface  finish 
-the desirable  limits  regarding surface chemistry  and rough-
-ness the simulation  of corrosion. 
Applicant:  CRM-Liège 
Budget:  473 000  ECU 
Probable duration:  4 years. 
P1 368 Hydrogen  uptake  in offshore steels  under  cathodic  
protection  in the  marine  environment 
It has been found  in earlier  work  that overprotection with 
cathodic current  can cause a at g n.if lea nt increase  of the  crack 
propagation rate  in corrosion fatigue,  and this has been 
attributed  to hydrogen  pick-up.  The problem  of hydrogen 
uptake  under  cathodic protection  may be of  particular 
relevance  for  offshore pipelines.  These  pipelines  are 
often designed  for  sour service,  which  means  that hydrogen 
uptake must be expected  to take place  from the inside, 
causing  a hydrogen  gradient  through  the thickness  of the 
wall. 

- 19 -
If an offshore pipeline picks  up significant  amounts  of hydro­
gen from the outside,  the general  activity  of hydrogen  in 
the steel  will increase.  It is the aim of the  present  program­
me to obtain  more  precise figures  for hydrogen  activity  in 
various  types  of steel  under  natural  water  under  cathodic 
protection. 
Applicant; Korrosionscentralen  ATV - Glostrup 
Budget:  68 000 ECU 
Probable  duration:  2 years. 
P1 394 Research  on alloy  steel  resistant  to marine  corrosion 
The use of  steel in offshore applications  has expanded 
considerably  in the  last twenty  years  with increased  oil 
exploration,  and requirements  will probably  continue  to 
increase.  Earlier  work has pinpointed  the  influence  of 
alloying  elements  on the  corrosion  of completely  submerged 
steel. From the practical  viewpoint  this makes it  possible 
to produce  new steel  compositions.  However,  to obtain  a 
complete  technical  mastery  of these  materials additional 
research  is proposed  in order to: 
- optimize  grade  composition 
- examine  corrosion  in tidal and splash  zones 
- define  welding  conditions  and ascertain  marine  corrosion  re-
sistance  of welded  joints. 
The research  will be conducted  in collaboration with  the 
Société  Nouvelle  des Aciéries de  Pompey and the  Centre 
National d'Exploitation  des Océans  at Brest. 
Applicant:  IRSID-St  Germain-en-Laye 
Budget:  260 500 ECU 
Probable  duration:  2 years. 
P 1 395 Retarded  fracture  of C-Mn steels  in an H^S medium 
Hydrogen  embrittlement  resulting  from the decomposition 
of hydrogen  sulphide (dissolved  in aqueous  or gaseous 
solutions)  causes  problems  not only in the  oil industry 
but also  in the  chemical  industry,  marine  engineering  and 
many other sectors.  The problem  of retarded fracture  in 
the presence  of mechanical  stress  occurs  when  steels  are 
used in such environments.  Research  to identify  the metallur­
gical factors involved  must be  continued  and  that is the 
purpose  of this project. 
Applicants:  IRSID-St  ~£,e rmà i n - e n - L ay e 
Creusot -Loire - Le  Creuset 
Budget:  , I 301 500  ECU 
CL 301 000  ECU 
Probable  duration:  3 years. 

-20-
P 1410  Development  of new  precoated  materials  for the  motor  
industry 
Corrosion resistance  is today of vital  importance  for the 
motor industry.  The mean  incentives  to improve  it are the 
Keen competition  from  American  and Japanese  manufacturers 
and the growing  trend  in the  motor  industry  to use  substi­
tute materials with  an excellent  chemical  inertness,  such as 
aluminium  and its  alloys,  plastics  and composite  materials. 
Conservation  of materials  has also became a  priority  objec­
tive, not least for  social  reasons,  at a  time when raw 
materials  and energy  are scarce  and expensive.  The innovation 
proposed  by the  steel industry  here focusees  on the  develop­
ment of precoated  materials,  a venture  that is enjoying 
considerable  commercial  success,  in complete  contrast  to 
the reduced  consumption  of almost  all the other steel pro­
ducts. The research  will  concentrate  on coated  products, 
especially  those  with metal  coatings  on one or  both faces. 
Suitability  for stamping  and corrosion resistance  will also 
be studied. 
Applicant:  CSM-Roma 
Budget:  455 000 ECU 
Probableduration:  2 years, 
P1411 Tests on low-alloy steel  performance  in offshore  
service  conditions 
Earlier  research  in which the laboratory participated  fur­
nished definite confirmation  of the  efficiency  and the  role 
played by some  steel alloying  elements  in controlling 
various possible  forms  of corrosion  when  steel  is submerged 
in sea water.  Under  this new joint  programme the CSM  proposes 
to carry  out the  following  work: 
a) production  of experimental steels  in the hot  rolled  state 
b) field  tests:  immersion  in polluted  sea water exposure  of 
bare test pieces  in the  tidal  acid splash 
zones 
c) simulation tests:  immersion  in tanks  with periodic recor­
ding of polarization resistance 
accelerated tests  to simulate conditions 
in the splash  and  tidal  zones. 
Applicant:  CSM-Roma 
Budget:  119 500 ECU 
Probable  duration:  3 years. 
P1412 Flash tinning  to produce  tinDlate with  a thinner coatine 
The diffusion layer  between  the tin and the  steel  is a  vita: 
factor in the  corrosion resistance  of electrolytic  tinplate 

-21 -
because  it acts as a  barrier  and reduces  the ferrous substra­
te surface  area to be  given  sacrificial  protection.  Many 
attempts  have besn made to  improve  the corrosion  performance 
of electrolytic  tinplate  by controlling  the FeSn„  alloy and 
some processes  have been used  industrially  to obtain better 
quality  tinplate.  The project  is designed.  Plans are  first 
to verify  in the  laboratory  the  possibility  of predepositing 
tin during  the  neutral  electrolytic  pickling  treatment, 
giving the  steel  cathodic  polarity  in the  final  pickling 
stage and using only soluble tin  anodes. 
Depending  on the  results,  an attempt  will be made if  necessa­
ry to optimize  the  treatment  by making  slight  modifications 
to the chemical  composition  of the  pickling  bath. 
Applicant:  CSM-Roma 
Budget:  202 000  ECU 
Probable  duration:  2 years. 
P1413 Development  of an  industrial  production  technique  
for thin plating 
An experimental cladding  method  on an  industrial  scale 
consists  of producing  clad plate  by hot  rolling,  the  stain­
less steel  plate being  prepared  by an  electrophoretic  nickel-
plating  method.  This process,  which  is extremely  economical, 
has produced  plate  shown  to be  optimum  by ultrasonic inspec­
tion and bending  tests,  having  an adhesive  strength  of 39 kg/ 
mm2 to AST M 163. 
In the proposed  research project  it is  planned  further  to 
develop  this technique  for the  production  of hot-rolled 
semi-finished  products  for subsequent  cold  rolling,  possibly 
on a strip  mill,  in order to produce  sheet  clad on both 
sides with stainless  steel or non-ferrous  metal. 
.Applicant:  CSM-Roma 
Budget:  218 000 ECU 
Probable  duration:  2 1/2  years. 
P1414 E1ectrodeposition  of complex  coatings  by high current  
density 
Electrochemical  processes  in continuous  lines 
The use of  electrochemical  processes  for  continuous  treat­
ment of steel  9trip  is steadily  growing;  their  applications 
include surface polishing,  finishing  and coating,  and pro­
tective  and decorative  finishes.  The main problem  in elec­
trolytic  galvanizing  lines  is to  increase deposition rates 
in order  both to obtain thicker zinc coatings  and to  increa­
se productivity  without  need to install  a line of dimensions 
that cause  investment  problems.  To increase  line speed  it is 
necessary  to use  higher current densities.  Consequently  it 
is essential  to study  fundamental  relations  between  the 

-22-
e1 actrochemica1  parameters  (current density, potential, 
limit current density, coating thickness, diffusion  limit, 
etc..} and the  hydrodynamic  parameters  so as to  find a com­
bination  that  will be of  general  validity  for continuous 
electrochemical  processes  and in  particular e1ectrodeposi  -
tion processes. 
Applicant:  CSM-Roma 
Budget:  308 000 ECU 
Probable  duration:  2 years. 
P1464 Development  of HSLA  steels  for marine  applications 
Previous results  of sea  water  immersion  tests carried  out 
with high strength  low  alloy  steels containing small addi­
tions of alloying  elements  are promising.  A final set of 
alloys  containing  Al, Cr and Mo has  been selected  on the 
basis of these  tests.  For the  application  of these  alloys 
it is important  to know the  behaviour  in the  splash  and tidal 
zone as well.  One alloy  containing small additions  of Cu, 
Ni and P  with proved  resistance  to splash  and  tidal  zone 
conditions  has been added.  This research proposal relates 
to the following  programme: 
- a study of welding  the steels  on a  laboratory scale  and 
produce  welded  samples  for in  situ corrosion tests 
- in situ immersion  tests  at 50 m  depth  in the  North Sea 
- in situ tests with  coated  steel  exposed  in the  splash 
and tidal  zones 
- a laboratory investigation  of the  behaviour  of the  alloys 
under cathodic protection. 
Applicant: Stichting  Materiaalonderzoek  in de  Zee-Delft 
Budget:  171 500 ECU 
Probable  duration  : 3  years. 
II.5.3 Cold forming; 
In this sector,  which  covers  the forming  of flat 
products  and in  particular thin  sheet,  an area in which 
research efforts  are concentrating  on the  development  of 
grades  with better service properties,  it was  considered 
important  to carry out work on stamping  products,  an area 
in which  competition  is keen both on the  purely  commercial 
level (production costs being  lower  outside  the Community] 
and on the  technical  level  (substitution materials]. 
P1312 Pseudo-rimming  steels 
A low degree  of sensitivity  to ageing  is an  important  pro­
perty for deep-drawing  steels  which  is required  by the  user, 

-23-
in particular  in the  automobile  industry.  The development 
of deep-drawing grades from basic-annealed grades  has 
enabled  the users requirements  to be met.  However,  the situa­
tion needs  to be  reconsidered  for continuous1y-annea1ed 
steels.  Ageing  at ambient temperature  is in  particular  very 
sensitive  to variations  in contents  of nitrogen  and carbon 
interstitial  atoms  and thus depends  to a  large  extent  on 
the chemical composition  of the  steel.  Both the effective­
ness of the  over-ageing heat treatment  and thesensitivity 
to ageing  of the  final product [sheet]  depend  on these 
interstitial  variations  in carbon  and nitrogen  content.  The 
main aim of the  research  project  is to  examine  the conditions 
(chemical  analysis,  treatments) which  will enable  the sensi­
tivity to ageing  of pseudo-rimming  steels  to be  reduced  and 
to confer  upon them the properties  of deep-drawing  steels 
after continuous annealing. 
Applicant:  CRM-Liege 
Budget:  264 ••• ECU 
Possible  duration:  3 years. 
P1351 Special  steels  for cheaper  forgings 
Semi-products  for  forging  make up a  large  part of the  spe­
cial steel  and quality  steel  sections  market.  The quantity 
of these semi-products manufactured  has however  fallen 
during  recent years because  many stamped  parts  have been 
replaced  by machined  parts  for  cost reasons.  If account  is 
taken of the  fact that raw materials  costs  may reach  50% 
of production  costs,  the sole means of  recovering  the market 
for these products  are the  following: 
-supplying  semi-finished  products which  are less costly,  or 
- enabling  drop  forging  plants  to manufacture cheaper products 
which implies  having  suitable  grades  of steel  available. 
This research proposal  therefore  concentrates  on two  points: 
- the use of  continuously-cast  erude  billets  or lightly 
wrought  billets 
- improvement  of the  strength,  ductility  and fatigue  strength 
by rapid  quenching from  the forging  temperature. 
Applicant:  Krupp-Siegen 
Budget:  350 500 ECU 
Possible  duration:  3 years. 
P1396 High strength  sheet  with balanced  characteristics 
The increasing  use in  coming years  of thin sheet  with eleva­
ted properties  in the  automobile  industry  is a  predictable 
fact. Thus,  over the last five years  a range of sheet has 
appeared  on the  market aimed  at meeting  the various  require­
ments of this industry  (lower weight,  increased  safety, 

-24-t 
reduced  consumption).  The distinguishing feature  about  the 
sheet in the research  proposed  is the  level  of values of  each 
of the factors in the ductility/strength  range.  These  values 
are necessarily the result of a  compromise,  since the two 
basic properties to  which  they correspond  are by  nature 
dissimilar.  The research projects  conducted  over  recent 
years to improve  the basic  grades  of extra-mild steel  have 
been concentrated  mainly  on increasing either the strength 
or the  ductility,  but never  the two properties simultaneously 
or to any great extent. The research  proposed  is aimed  at 
studying the effect resulting  from the combination  of the 
mechanisms  brought  into play by two  methods  of hardening, 
precipitation  and solid  solution, with the  added  effect of 
continuous  annealing. 
Applicant:  Irsid  - St Germain-en  Laye 
Budget:  399 000 ECU 
Probable  duration: 3 years. 
P1450 Structure property relationship for high strength  
strip steels 
The objective of the project is to investigate the effect 
of strengthening  mechanism  and metallurgical structure on 
the relationship  between  the monotonic  tensile  properties 
and the  cyclic  stress  strain  behaviour  and fatigue  life 
..••'for a range  of strip  mill  higher strength steels in order 
to identify  the factors  which  lead to  cyclic  softening or 
cyclic  hardening.  The effect of strengthening  mechanism 
and structure on the  strain  rate  sensitivity  of the  tensile 
properties  will  also be investigated. 
The steels to be  covered  include  those  strengthened  by 
precipitates  from  microalloy additions, grain  refinement, 
elements  in solid  solution, substructure obtained  from  low 
temperature  transformation  products  or from  cold work  and 
by the presence  of hard second  phases  such  as martensite 
or bainite as for dual  phase  steel.  The steels  will be 
tested in the as received, strained and  aged  condition. 
The results should lead to further  improvement  in the  over­
all properties of high strength steel to be supplied to the 
automative  industry. 
Applicant: BSC -  London 
Budget:  162 500 ECU 
Probable  duration: 3 years. 
P1461 Cold forging steels 
The Community  steelmakers'  market  for rod for cold forging 
especially  for fasteners production, is  under  extreme  pressu­
re from  Far Eastern  imports  and is declining.  Unless  cold 
forgers can  reduce  their  costs  this market  may disappear 
altogether. A reduction in  their  raw material cost  would 
therefore be a great help to cold forgers, and one possible 

-25-
means of achieving  this  is to eliminate the  need  for sub-
critical  annealing, by the  development  of a steel  which  can 
be drawn  and cold forged  from  the "as  rolled"  condition. 
This project sets out to define the  critical  properties of 
such steels and in particular to  determine  the applicabili­
ty of the  concept  of adiabatic  shear  instability  in cold 
forging.  The research  programme  will include the preparation 
of laboratory melts,  their  processing to rod and  some  to 
wire. These  materials  will then  be subjected to  backward 
extrusion and to -two  blow  heading  operations using a labora­
tory based  commercial  size cold forging  machine. 
The optimum  compositions  for an "as  rolled"  and for a cold 
drawn cold forging steel  will be defined. 
Applicant:  BSC-London 
Budget:  296 500 ECU 
Probable  duration: 3 years. 
II.5.4. Fracture  mechanics 
Work in the  area  of fracture  mechanics  cover: safety 
both from  the point of  view  of welded  joints  subjected to 
alternating  stresses in a corrosive  environment  and gas 
pipelines  transporting  gases  with various  chemical  composi­
tions under  pressures  which  are becoming  higher and higher, 
or pipes for the extraction of  petroleum  or of  geothermal 
energy.  The studies  proposed  should lead to a better  under­
standing of the  initiation,  development  and assesting of 
these cracks as well as the  development  of steel  grades  with 
better properties. 
P1346 The thoughness  of welded  joints 
The design and fabrication of structures requires  their 
welding  even  in elements  subjected to very high stresses. 
Thermal  stresses in the  weld  due to  welding  result in consi­
derable structural modifications. In addition,  welded  struc­
tures, because  of local  heating due to  welding  (rapid welding-
reduction of  number  of passes), are the centre of stresses 
which are likely  to bring  about  boittle  fracture  because  of 
the multi-axial  nature  of the stresses. It should also be 
added that so far it has  never  been  possible to  exclude 
discontinuities  or internal defects  which  may be the  origin 
of cracks . 
It is therefore  necessary  for safety  reasons  to understand 
the ductility  of welded  joints  as a function of new high-
performance  welding  processes. 
Applicant:  Technische  Hochschule-Aachen 
Budget:  668 000  ECU 
Probable  duration:  3 years 

-26-
P1353 Full scale  fracture  tests  on line pipes 
Shear fracture  propagation in gas  pipelines  has been  a 
subject  on intense research  work for more than ten years. 
In order to ensure energy transport and safety of  pipelines 
there is a great  interest  in the  knowledge  about  fracture 
propagation process and  full scale  fracture  tests.  The most 
recent  research  work mainly concerned requirements of gas 
transmission  pipelines  with large diameter pipes and  steel 
grades up to X70.  These  investigations  allow at present 
to predict  with  sufficient  accuracy the necessary  toughness 
to arrest  long running shear  fracture  in the  range  of steel 
grades up to X70 and  wall  thickness up to 20 mm. The pipe 
market,  however,  asks for higher pressure in the  line pipe 
to increase the  amount  of transported gas and to  improve 
the economic  data of a pipe  line.  Higher pressure leads 
either  to higher  circumferential  stress  or to bigger  wall 
thickness.  To investigate  these parameters it is envisaged 
to carry out a  full scale  test programme: 
- two tests  shall  provide information on  fracture  behaviour 
of steel  types of  grade  XBO 
- one test  is to complete previous  results  from  thick  walled 
pipes. 
Applicant:  European  Pipeline  Research  Group-Ouisburg 
Budget:  1497 000 ECU 
Probable duration: 3 years 
P1418 Full-scale  tests  on ductile  fracture  propagation  
in gas pipelines  under  offshore conditions 
The semi-empirical formul  currently  applicable to  under­
ground  pipelines  are not  necessarily  applicable to  submarine 
pipelines,  given the differences in  backfill  and the impor­
tant role that  this plays in the propagation of  fracture. 
In recent years there has  been  a continuous increase in the 
working of  submarine  deposits and thus far greater use of 
offshore  pipelines.  The aim of  this project is to develop 
a full-scale  test which  will  simulate the conditions of 
ductile  fracture  propagation in offshore use and to obtain 
the basic data which  will  allow the proper design of  off­
shore pipelines  and their  materials to be achieved. 
The following  will be studied: 
- the fluid  dynamics  aspects of the  phenomenon  and approxi­
mations to be considered 
- the effect  of the depth at which the  pipelineis  laid 
- the phenomenon  of propagation by sea  waves 
Applicant:  CSM-Roma 
Budget:  912 500 ECU 
Probable duration: 3 years. 

-27-
P1421 RB1 ati•n8hip  between  microstructurs ,  composition  and  
service  properties of high strength  steel  for oil  
field and geothermal  use 
The developmentof  tubular  product  for petroleum,  natural 
gas and  geothermal  energy  drilling  reflects  the trend in the 
exploitation  of deposits situated at great  depth  Cover 
6 000 m] in agressive  media.  The mechanical  strength and 
toughness  of the materials,  some  of which  are designed  for 
use in  Arctic  zones,  must  be compatible  with satisfactory 
stability  under  conditions of use  where  they are subjected 
to a series of  phenomena  of attack  from  the ambient  medium 
which,  in relation  to the physical and  chemical  properties 
of the  latter,  in particular  composition  and temperature, 
may result in  hydrogen  embritt  lement  induced  by the  presence 
of H^S, and to corrosion and stress corrosion  produced  by 
liquids  with high saline  content  and by high  temperatures. 
This proposal  aims  at describing in systematic fashion and 
in quantitative  terms  the microstructure and the  second 
phases  of hardened  and tempered  steels of varying  composi­
tions,  including  some  C - Mn steels, low  alloy  Cr - Mo steels 
and a stainless  steel  with 13% Cr,  used  mainly  for the  manu­
facture of casing  tubes. 
Applicant:  .CSM-Roma 
Budget:  749 000 ECU 
Probable  duration: 3 years. 
P1453 Corrosion fatigue crack  growth 
Previous research  sponsored  by ECSC  has shown  how the rate 
of advance  of a fatigue crack in the  presence  of an  aqueous 
environment  can be quantitatively  modelled  and predicted. 
Other research in  Europe  and USA has  demonstrated  how the 
effect  of load  sequence  or stress interaction in variable 
amplitude  loading can be  accomodated  in fatigue crack  growth 
rate predictions. One of the objectives of the  proposed 
research is to  combine  these  two predictive  models  into a 
computer  based  model  for the prediction of corrosion fatigue 
under variable  amplitude  loading. The predictions  will be 
compared  with test results obtained  under  a variety of 
representative loading  sequences.  This  will facilitate  the 
accurate prediction of the  remnant  life of cracked  components 
and structures in  realistic  service  environments. 
Applicant:  BSC-London 
Budget:  286 500 ECU 
Probable  duration: 3 years. 

-28-
II.5.5.  High temperature  steels 
p 1 3 5 7 Susceptibility  to graphitization  and its influence  
on the creep rupture strength of  welded  joints 
Various studies  have shown  that in non-alloy or low-alloy 
heat-resistant  steel  subjected to prolonged stresses at 
temperatures  above  430°C  a major  part of the carbon content 
is precipitated  in the  form of graphite and that  this process 
increases  in rapidity  when  the content of  aluminium  in solu­
tion is high. The  effets  of graphite  precipitates  on mecha­
nical properties are not very  well known.  Observation of a 
chain of precipitates  along the heat affected  zone in welded 
joints  could lead on to expect a reduction in deformabi1ity 
in a zone where  ductility  is already  limited.  The aim of the 
proposed  project is therefore to determine experimentally 
the types of graphite  precipitation  which  occur in  welded 
joints  and to study the way in  which  they  affect  creep  beha­
viour . 
Applicant:  VDEh-•usse1dorf 
Budget:  94 000 ECU 
Probable duration: 3 years. 
II.5.6.  Lieht structures 
The structural  sector,which covers the research pro­
jects on light  structures, is one of the  keys  to the  steel 
market.  The position  of steel  must  be constantly  defended 
against  competing  materials, and to  this end steel  must  be 
promoted  consistently.  This  effort  takes various forms, 
s u c h a s : 
- fundamental  research on  improved  evaluation of the per­
formance  of joints 
- technological and design  development  of structures 
- the distribution  of clear  and precise  instructions  on how 
to work with and use  steel  products. 
P1 290 Efficiency  improvement  of steel  bearing  piles 
A previous research has  shown  that the  steel  compression 
pile may replace economically the concrete  pile.  This re­
search has  indicated  that in order to enlarge the bearing 
capacity  of steel  H-piles in  dense  stands,  vo1ume-1agging 
had to be  fitted  to them,  whereas  the gain of capacity in 
clay could be achieved by reinforcements  which  increase the 
friction  surface. If there  exists  one "area"  where  the use 
of steel  could be extended, it is the  deep  foundations, and 
even more,  the potential  increase may be expressed in  hun­
dreds of  thoudands  of tons if we are considering the  entire 

-29-
world as market . 
So, a coordinated  programme  is proposed  with the  following 
five aims  i 
- define  which  are the  optimum  forms  to give to the 
laggings 
- define  which  are the best materials out of  which  the 
laggings  could be  realised 
- define the  limits  of the  practical  dimensions of the 
laggings,  taking account of the  inertia  effects  and the 
dynamic  stresses bccuring during  driving 
as the laggings increase the  danger  of buckling at the 
beginning of  driving,  it will be necessary to analyse very 
carefully  this  particular  point, in order to  propose  some 
solutions 
- the obtained bearing capacity  will be calculated  according 
to the results  of pressurerneter  tests,  cone  penetration 
tests, dynamic  penetration  tests  and standard penetration 
tests so that the  results  may be  used on a world  wide 
basis. 
Applicants":  Arbed-Luxembourg 
BSC-London 
Usinor-Paris 
Stahlwerke  Peine Sa  1zgi11er-Peine 
Budget:  682 00G ECU 
Probable duration:  4 years. 
P1369 Simple and  economic  design  rules  for cold-formed 
sections 
Cold-formed  sections and thin-walled constructions  offer  the 
possibility  of an increased use of  steel  for structural  pur­
poses. Cold-formed  sections  have opened  new opportunities 
for steel  that would  otherwise be in other materials such 
as concrete or  wood.  Many  possibilities  for extension of 
the market  are still  open.  However,  further  technical  and 
comprehensive  design information and acceptance  criteria 
are needed  to expand  the application  of steel  in this market 
in Europe. 
In the proposed  study the experimental and  theoretical  work 
is intended to provide a  clear  understanding of the  problems 
involved  and is focussed on two  topics: 
- theoretical  and expiremental  investigations  to fill gaps 
in knowledge  when  necessary 
- compilation of research  results.  The areas investigated 
will be behaviour of unstiffened elements,  edge  stiffe-
ners for compression elements, intermediate  stiffeners, 
web crippling,  lateral  buckling. 
Applicant:  Stichting  Staalcentrum  Neder1  and-Ro11erdam 
Budget:  160 5 0 0 ECU 
Probable duration: 3 years. 

-30-
P145B Spray  applied  fire  protection 
The project highlights various  aspects  of the application 
of spray  applied  fire  protection  where  cost reductions could 
be realised. Fire protection and painting represent a  signi­
ficant  proportion of the cost of the  framework  in multi-store 
buildings,  and are  main  areas  where  significant  economies 
could be realised. 
Steel framework  are used  for 80% of the multi-storey  buil­
dings in North  America,  whilst in  Europe  the equivalent 
market  share  is 25% or  less.  Clearly there is  scope  to expand 
structural  steel sales to  this sector  through  cost reduction 
at the expense  of reinforcing steels. 
The modifications to existing practices  must  be justified 
technically  and various  testwork  and site  visits  are proposed 
The study  will cover  three  specific  areas  to substantiate 
the use of: 
(1) As sprayed  protection with irregular thickness 
(23 Avoidance  of reinforcement at the  mid-depth  of the 
insulation  applied to universal sections with  deep 
webs (750 mm). 
(3) Avoidance  of paint protection in situations  where  steel 
will be used  internally. 
The successful  implementation  of these  proposals  would  reduce 
framework  costs by 18% and it is estimated the  work  could 
realise  an increase in sales of  60,000  tpa in the United 
Kingdom.  Similar trands  would  be realised in other  European 
countries  where  more severe  problems  with both  sprayed  fire 
protection and  market  share  are encourntered. 
Applicant:  BSC-London 
Budget:  219 000 ECU 
Probable  duration: 2 years. 
P1471 Comparison  of methods  of measuring  residual stresses  
in hollow steel sections 
The need  for energy  saving has resulted in the  development 
of cold  working  processes.  However,  the residual stresses 
are greater in  these  products  than those  obtained by hot 
working,  and the effect of  these  residual stresses on the 
stability  of bars  is very important. It is, therefore, 
necessary  to have  a thorough  knowledge  of residual stresses 
in order to be able to  promote  the use of cold sections, 
especially  in cases  where  a stability  problem  arises: 
buckling or  warping.  The service  life of welded  joints  sub­
jected  to fatigue is also affected to a large extent by 
residual  stresses due to welding.  Here  again a  thorough 
knowledge  of the residual stresses  would  enable  a judicious 
choice of the  type  of joint  to be  made.  The solution of  these 
problems  is the aim of the  proposed  project  which  will cover 

-31 -
the behaviour  of hollow  sections. 
The work  will be carried  out in  cooperation  with the  follo­
wing laboratories: 
- CETIM-Senlis' 
- Kingston  Polytechnic  - King ston-upon-Thames 
- TNO-Delft 
- the Universities  of Karlsruhe,  Liège  and Naples. 
Applicant:  Cometube-Levallois 
Budget:  59 000  ECU 
Probable  duration:  2 years. 
II.5.7 A 1 loy _ and _ sp_ ecia  1 steels 
The subject  areas  reflect  two pratical  problems  of 
interest  to the  user which  require  a thorough  knowledge  of 
the relations  between  the structure  of the  material  and its 
behaviour  during  forming  and its  service  behaviour.  The 
effects  of boron in two  different  areas  such as machinabili-
ty and the  production  of special steels  for tubes are there­
fore seen as essential  for the  development  of these  grades. 
P1283 Service properties  of high-workability steels  to  
replace lead-containing steels 
Steels which  have a high degree  of wc-rkabi  lity normally  con­
tain lead as an  embrittling  element  which  is liquid  at 
cutting  temperatures.  However,  the use of  lead gives  rise 
to certain  problems  of an  ecological  nature  in all produc­
tion cycle  phases  where  lead vapours  arise.  The search  for 
alternative  embri111  ernent phases  has led to the  development 
of steels with  a high degree  of workability  which  contain 
disperse  phases  of borie  anhydride.  It is  necessary  to deter­
mine both the workability  by means of  machining  and the 
mechanical  and technical properties  of the new  steels with  a 
view to making  a full assessment  of the  real possibilities 
of replacing lead-containing steels.  The proposed  research 
will examine  low-carbon,  heat-treated free-cutting steels 
and structural steels containing boric  anhydride  and a 
combination  of boric  anhydride  with other  elements  which 
improve  workability  (S, Ca, Pb). 
Applicant: Industria Acciai Speciali-Torino 
Budget:  313 000 ECU 
Probable  duration:  2 years. 
P1424 High"toughness  heat-treated  boron  steels with  low 
and medium  carbon  contents 
Boron has been used for some  time in high-strength  quenched 

..-32-
and tempered  steels  with medium  carbon  content. It is only 
in recent years that the  interest  in its use  (because  of 
its well-known  tempering  effect)  has been extended  to other 
products  which  require  levels  of strength and  toughness  which 
can be achieved only by developing  suitably  adjusted  acicular 
microstructures.  Areas  of use  which  are very promising in 
this respect are: 
- rolled  products for gas  pipeline  fittings,  normalized and 
tempered  products 
- seamless  tubes  in various  grades  in the  quenched  and tem­
pered state or if possible, in the normalized and  tempered 
state. 
In both cases  the aim is to achieve a microstructure  which 
is made up mainly or  entirely  of acicular  ferrite  or bainite 
with relatively  poor chemical compositions,  whence  the low 
levels of Ceq required to  ensure  good weldability. 
The large  amount  of work carried  out in recent years on 
boron-containing  steels  has enabled  many  aspects of  their 
transformation  characteristics  and strength properties to 
be determined. 
On the other  hand,  definite  and conclusive data on the  possi­
ble negative  effect  of boron  on toughness  in respect of the 
various microstructures and in  particular  those obtainable 
after normalization followed by  tempering  are lacking. 
A systematic study is  proposed  on the  correlation  between 
structure  and mechanical  properties of boron-containing  steels 
with acicular  microstructures for  fittings  and seamless 
tubes, with  particular  attention being paid to the  brittle-
fracture  strength obtainable  after  normalization and  tempering 
or quenching  and tempering. 
Applicant:  CSM-Roma 
Budget:  300 500 ECU 
Probable duration: 2 years. 
II. 6 MISCELLANEOUS 
P1364 Technical  steel  literature 
This is a continuation of previous agreements  granting ASELT 
financial  assistance for the  translation into  Community  lan­
guages  of papers  on iron and steel  subjects published in 
"difficult"  languages  (in particular  Russian and  Japanese). 
Applicant:  Aselt-Luxembourg 
Budget:  175 000 ECU 
Probable duration: 1 year. 

-33-
P 1 366 LP slag for use in  road construction 
This is the  continuation  of work under  Agreement  7210.XA/105, 
during which  an embankment was  constructed  of various  mixtu­
res of LD and  open hearth slag, blast  furnace  slag and inert 
materials.  The aging of the  slag and the  leaching  of CaO was 
studied. This  embankment,  which was given no protection  from 
leaching  by rain water,  will be covered  to simulate  a section 
of road in order to investigate  the behaviour  of the  materials 
under conditions close  to natural situations. 
Applicant:  Forschungsgemeinschaft  Eisenh ü11ensch  1 ache 
Duisburg 
Budget:  51 500 ECU 
Probable  duration:  1 year. 
P1 3 6 7 Improved  utilization  of blast  furnace  and steel plant  
slag 
This is also the continuation  of coordinated research  under 
taken by the FE hS,CRM,  Usinor  and BSC to  upgrade  blast  fur­
nace slag for the  cement  industry  and steel plant slag  for 
road constructions. 
The research  will  consist  of: 
- a study of blast  furnace  slag for cement  and lightweight 
concrete:  quenching  techniques  and hydraulicity  [FEhS, 
BSC, Usinor] 
- study  of LD  slag: accelerated test  procedures  at tempera­
tures exceeding  1Q0°C  (FEhS),  accelerated 
test procedures  at temperatures  below 
100°C (BSC),  real-time test  procedures 
depending  on ambient  conditions  (CRM). 
Applicants:  Forschungsgemeinschaft  Eisenhüttenschlache 
Duisburg 
BSC-London 
Usinor-Paris 
CRM-Liege 
Budget:  654 GOü ECU 
Probable  duration:  3 years (BSC-CRM) 
2 years  (FEhS-Usinor ) . 

SUMMARY TABLE 
Annex 
Project Research proposed Financial  Aid 
KJO Title  of research  r-r—r-r~,—i 
N Probable  D , ^ „„ 
by duration Bud9et  ECU 
U (years)  (29.10.82) „ Amount  ECU 
(29.10.82) 
J I. ORE  REDUCTION 
1.1. Sinter 
1307 Rational  composition  of sinter mixtures  CRM 
1.2. Blast furnace 3 467.000 60 280.200 
1317 Chemical  and physical  processes  in the  fusion zone Thyssen 
and their effect on energy consumption  and hearth  life 3 1.738.500 60 1.043.100 
1399 Powdered  coal injection  in a large blast furnace  CSM 
II. STEEL MAKING 3 601.000 60 360.600 
II.1. Casting  and solidification 
1321 Determination  of shell tickness  in continuous  casting  BFI 
to improve process  control 3 681.500 60 408.900 
1322 Relationship  between  surface  quality  and casting  Arbed Saar 
powder used in the  continuous  casting  of blooms 3 485.000 60 291.000 
1323 Measurement of  high-temperature properties  of the Krupp 
shell immediately  after solidification 2 383.000 60 229.800 
1372 Research  on the  supporting  of continuously cast slabs  CRM 3 259.500 60 155.700 
1381 Mechanical behaviour  of the  slab in the  cooling  zone IRSID 
of a continuous  casting  machine 4 526.500 60 315.900 
1382 Solidification  brittleness  of carbon  steels IRSID 3 354.000 60 212.400 
1429 Structural  refinement  by vibrational  energy BSC 2 287.000 60 172.200 
1430 Strand deformation  in continuous  casting  BSC 2 249.500 60 149.700 
1431 Continuous  casting  plant engineering  control  BSC 2 345.000 60 207.000 

Annex 
Project 
Title of research Research  proposed Financial  Aid 
N° Title of research 
by Probable 
duration 
(years) Budget ECU 
(29.10.82) X Amount ECU 
(29.10.82) 
II.2. Steelworks  : metallurgy 
1324 Preventing  slag from running out of  converters with 
the steel 
II.3. Steelworks  : technology VDEh 3 1/2 939.500 60 563.700 
1325 Monitoring  of electrode  quality and reduction  in 
electrode  consumption  in arc  furnace 
III. MECHANICAL  WORKING BFI 4 666.500 60 399.900 
1286 Selective  cooling  of sections Arbed 3 301.000 60 180.600 
1309 Automatic monitoring  of sheet microstructure CRM 3 418.000 60 250.800 
1335 Strip deformation  in tensioning  roller BFI 4 835.000 60 501.000 
1387 Automation  of a universal  beam mill IRSID 4 540.500 60 324.300 
1389 Asynchronous  rolling IRSID 2 1/2 230.000 60 138.000 
1405 Use of residual  rolling  heat for heat treatment  of 
stainless  steel wire rods CSM 2 243.500 60 146.100 
! 1437 Work rolI profile BSC 2 226.500 60 135.900 
1466 Form and profile in sheet mills 
IV. MEASUREMENTS AND  ANALYSES Hoogovens 3 544.500 60 326.700 
1339 Ultrasonic  surface inspection  of heavy plate FhG (IzP) 3 519.000 60 311.400 
1343 Determination  of the  metal-alloyed  aluminium  content 
and other oxygen-sensitive  elements Di Hingen 2 99.000 60 59.400 
1375 Continuous  measurement  of the  particle  sizing of blast 
furnace burden  materials IRSID 3 443.000 60 265.800 

-3-
Annex 
1 
| Project Title of research Research  proposed 
. Probable  _ , . 
by duration  Bud9et  ECU 
(years) (29.10.82) Financial  Aid 
„ Amount  ECU 
(29.10.82) 
ooct^.c^ion  of cold spot-scarfing  for continuously-
cas't slabs ItaIsider 1 1/2 455.500 60 273.300 
V. SERVICE  PROPERTIES  AND PERFORMANCE 
V.1. Weldability. V. SERVICE  PROPERTIES  AND PERFORMANCE 
V.1. Weldability. 
1299 Improved  productivity  through metal  powder  additions 
to submerged arc  welds W.I. 1, 
I.S. J 2 1 
J 164.500 
160.500 60 
60 98.700 
96.300 
1344 Welding of X8Ni9 steel with filler metal of the same 
•type 
V.2. Corrosion  and surface protection Thyssen 3 381.000 60 228.600 
1282 Influence  of residual  elements  on the  intergranular 
stress corrosion cracking  of carbon  steels N.P.L. — 116.000 60 69.600 
1297 Susceptibility  of high-strength steels  to stress 
corrosion  and/or hydrogen embrittlement  in corrosive 
envi ronments I.R. Breda 2 1/2 223.000 60 133.800 
1311 Degreasing  and phosphate-coating  of deep-drawing 
sheet CRM 3 407.000 60 244.200 
1313 Sheet surface  and bodywork  life CRM 4 473.000 60 283.800 
1368 Hydrogen uptake  in offshore steels  under cathodic 
protection  in the  marine environment Korr. Cent. 2 68.000 60 40.800 
1394 Research  on alloy steel resistant  to marine corrosion IRSID 2 260.500 60 156.300 
1395 Retarded  fracture  of C-Mn  steels  in an H^S  medium IRSID 1 
C.L. J 3 ? 
1 301.500 
301.000 60 
60 180.900 
180.600 
1410 Development  of new  precoated  materials  for the  motor 
i ndustry CSM 2 455.000 60 273.000 

Annex 
, . • „—•- . —,.„.,• • ,, .. — —.—. . 
Project 
Title of research Research  proposed Financial  Aid 
N° Title of research 
by Probable 
duration 
(years) Budget ECU 
(29.10.82) % Amount ECU 
(29.10.82) 
1411 Tests on low-alloy steels  performance  in offshore 
service conditions CSM 3 119.500 60 71.700 
1412 Flash tinning  to produce  tinplate  with a thinner 
coating CSM 2 202.000 60 121.200 
1413 Development  of an  industrial  production technique 
for thin plating CSM 2 1/2 218.000 60 130.800 
1414 Electrodeposition  of complex  coatings  by high current 
density electrochemical  processes  in continuous  lines CSM 2 308.000 60 184.800 
1464 Development  of HSLA steels for marine applications 
V.3. Cold forming SM02 3 171.500 60 102.900 
1312 Pseudo-rimming  steels CRM 3 264.000 60 158.400 
1351 Special steels for cheaper  forgings Krupp 3 350.500 60 210.300 
1396 High strength  sheet with balanced  characteristics IRSID 3 399.000 60 239.400 
1450 Structure property relationships  for high strength 
strip steels BSC 3 162.500 60 97.500 
1461 Cold forging steels 
V.4. Fracture  mechanics BSC 3 296.500 60 177.900 
1346 The toughness  of welded  joints R.W.T.H. 3 688.000 60 412.800 
1353 , Full scale fracture tests  on line pipes E.P.R.G. 3 1.497.000 45 673.650 
1418 Full scale tests  on ductile  fracture propagation  in 
gas pipelines  under offshore conditions CSM 3 912.500 60 547.500 
1421 Relationships  between  microstructure, composition  and 
service properties  of high strength  steel for oil 
field and geothermal  use CSM 3 749.000 60 449.400 
1453 Corrosion fatigue crack  growth BSC 3 286.500 60 .171.900 

-5-
Annex 
Research  proposed Financial Aid 
Project 
N° 
i Project 
N° 
i Title of research 
by Probable 
duration 
(years) Budget ECU 
(29.10.82) % Amount ECU 
(29.10.82) 
j.  
1 V.5. High temperature  steels 
i1357 Susceptibility  to graphitization  and its influence  on 
the creep rupture strength  of welded  joints 
V.6. Light structures VDEh 3 94.000 60 56.400 
1290 Efficiency  improvement  of steel bearing  piles Arbed ^ 
BSC 
Usinor [ 
Stahlw. P+S/ 4 ^ 682.500 60 409.500 
1369 Simple and economic  design rules  for cold-formed 
sections SSN 3 160.500 60 96.300 
1458 Spray applied  fire protection BSC 2 219.000 60 131.400 
1471 Comparison  of methods of  measuring  residual stresses 
in hollow steel sections 
V.7. Alloy_ and special steels Cometube 2 59.000 60 35.400 
1283 Service properties  of high-workability steels  to Ind.Ac.Sp. 2 313.000 60 187.800 
i replace lead-containing steels 
180.300 1424 High-toughness  heat-treated  boron steels with  low 
and medium  carbon  contents 
VI. MISCELLANEOUS CSM 2 300.500 60 180.300 
1364 Technical steel  literature Aselt 1 175.000 100 175.000 
1366 LD slag for use in  road construction FEhS 1 51.500 60 30.900 

—ö— 
Annex 
Project 
N° Title  of research Research  proposed Financial  Aid Project 
N° Title  of research 
by Probable 
duration 
(years) Budget ECU 
(29.10.82) % Amount ECU 
(29.10.82) 
1367 Improved  utilization  of blast furnace  and steelplant 
slag FEhS  "J 
BSC I 
Usinor ( 
CRM ) 2 
3 
2 ) . 255.500 
I 148.000 
( 100.500 
) 150.000 60 
60 
60 
60 153.. 300 
88.800 
60.300 
90.000 
Sub-total 25.483.500 15.135.550 
Ancillary  costs and dissemination  of information 171.050 
TOTAL 15.306.600