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The following Articles shall be inserted: ‘Article 4a Maximum sulphur content of marine fuels used in SOx Emission Control Areas and by passenger ships operating on regular services to or from Community ports 1. Member States shall take all necessary measures to ensure that marine fuels are not used in the areas of their territorial seas, exclusive economic zones and pollution control zones falling within SOx Emission Control Areas if the sulphur content of those fuels exceeds 1,5 % by mass. This shall apply to all vessels of all flags, including vessels whose journey began outside the Community. 2. The application dates for paragraph 1 shall be as follows: (a) for the Baltic Sea area referred to in regulation 14(3)(a) of MARPOL Annex VI, … (13); (b) for the North Sea and any other sea areas, including ports, that the IMO subsequently designates as SOx Emission Control Areas in accordance with regulation 14(3)(b) of MARPOL Annex VI: — 12 months after entry into force of that designation, or — ………. (14), whichever is the later. 3. Member States shall be responsible for the enforcement of paragraph 1 at least in respect of: — vessels flying their flag; and — in the case of Member States bordering SOx Emission Control areas, vessels of all flags while in their ports. Member States may also take additional enforcement action in respect of other vessels in accordance with international maritime law. 4. From the date referred to in paragraph 2(a), Member States shall take all necessary measures to ensure that marine fuels are not used in their territorial seas, exclusive economic zones and pollution control zones by passenger ships operating on regular services to or from any Community port if the sulphur content of those fuels exceeds 1,5 % by mass. Member States shall be responsible for the enforcement of this requirement at least in respect of vessels flying their flags and vessels of all flags while in their ports. 5. From the date referred to in paragraph 2(a), Member States shall require the correct completion of ships' logbooks, including fuel-changeover operations, as a condition of ships' entry into Community ports. 6. From the date referred to in paragraph 2(a), Member States shall ensure that the sulphur content of all marine fuels sold in their territory is documented by the supplier on a bunker delivery note, accompanied by a sealed sample. 7. From the date referred to in paragraph 2(a), Member States shall ensure that marine diesel oils are not placed on the market in their territory if the sulphur content of those marine diesel oils exceeds 1,5 % by mass. 8. The Commission shall notify Member States of the application dates mentioned in paragraph 2(b) and publish them in the Official Journal of the European Union. Article 4b Maximum sulphur content of marine fuels used by inland waterway vessels and ships at berth in Community ports 1. With effect from 1 January 2010, Member States shall take all necessary steps to ensure that the following vessels do not use marine fuels with a sulphur content exceeding 0,1 % by mass: (a) inland waterway vessels; and (b) ships at berth in Community ports, allowing sufficient time for the crew to complete any necessary fuel-changeover operation as soon as possible after arrival at berth and as late as possible before departure. Member States shall require the time of any fuel-changeover operation to be recorded in ships' logbooks. 2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply: (a) whenever, according to published timetables, ships are due to be at berth for less than two hours; (b) to inland waterways vessels that carry a certificate proving conformity with the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended, while those vessels are at sea; (c) until 1 January 2012 for the vessels listed in the Annex and operating exclusively within the territory of Greece. 3. With effect from 1 January 2010, Member States shall ensure that marine gas oils are not placed on the market in their territory if the sulphur content of those marine gas oils exceeds 0,1 % by mass. Article 4c Trials and use of new emission abatement technologies 1. Member States may, in cooperation with other Member States, as appropriate, approve trials of ship emission abatement technologies on vessels flying their flag, or in sea areas within their jurisdiction. During these trials the use of marine fuels meeting the requirements of Articles 4a and 4b shall not be mandatory, provided that: — the Commission and any port State concerned are notified in writing at least 6 months before trials begin; — permits for trials do not exceed 18 months in duration; — all ships involved install tamper-proof equipment for the continuous monitoring of funnel gas emissions and use it throughout the trial period; — all ships involved achieve emissions reductions which are at least equivalent to those which would be achieved through the limits on sulphur in fuel specified in this Directive; — there are proper waste management systems in place for any waste generated by the emission abatement technologies throughout the trial period; — there is an assessment of impacts on the marine environment, particularly ecosystems in enclosed ports, harbours and estuaries throughout the trial period; and — full results are provided to the Commission, and made publicly available, within six months of the end of the trials. 2. Emission abatement technologies for ships flying the flag of a Member State shall be approved in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 3(2) of Regulation (EC) No 2099/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 November 2002 establishing a Committee on Safe Seas and the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (COSS) (15), taking into account: — guidelines to be developed by the IMO; — results of any trials conducted under paragraph 1; — effects on the environment, including achievable emissions reductions, and impacts on ecosystems in enclosed ports, harbours and estuaries; — feasibility of monitoring and verification. 3. Criteria shall be established for the use of emission abatement technologies by ships of all flags in enclosed ports, harbours and estuaries in the Community in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 9(2). The Commission shall communicate these criteria to the IMO. 4. As an alternative to using low sulphur marine fuels meeting the requirements of Articles 4a and 4b, Member States may allow ships to use an approved emission abatement technology, provided that these ships: — achieve emission reductions which are at least equivalent to those which would be achieved through the limits on sulphur in fuel specified in this Directive; and — document thoroughly that any waste streams discharged into enclosed ports, harbours and estuaries have no impact on ecosystems, based on criteria communicated by the authorities of port States to the IMO.