ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES
DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEEDES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(79)115
Vol.1979/0058

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
*
,COM(79)115final
.Brussels,.23March1979*
Consultation onMigrationFoliolesvis-à-visThirdcountries
(Communication fromtheCommissiontotheCouncil)
COM(79)115final

Consultation onMigration Policies vis-a-visThirdCountries
(Communication fromtheCommission totheCouncil)
I.INTRODUCTION
.... ... ... (1)1.1.IntheCouncilResolution of21stJanuary,1974,the
MemberState^expressed "thepoliticalwilltoadoptthe
measures necessary....toestablish anactionprogramme formigrant
workers andmembersoftheirfamilies whichshallaiminparticular
topromoteconsultation onimmigration policies vis-à-vis
ThirdCountries .
(2)1.2. ;Thesubsequent actionprogramme formigrantworkers
i
I
Icontains achapter onthecoordination ofmigration policies,L...,.,_.. (3)andinthejResolution oftheCouncilof9thFebruary,1976,concerning
I
theprogramme ,theCouncilconsidered thatitisimportant toundertake
(4)appropriate consultation onmigration policies vis-a-visThirdCountries ,
thatthesocialproblems arisingforworkers whoarenationals ofthe
MemberStatesandresident incertain ThirdCountries andformembers of
theirfamilies shouldbeexamined asnecessary",andexpressed "the
political resolvethatthemeasures referred tointhisResolution be
implemented ".Inaddition,boththeEuropean Parliament andthe
Economic andSocialCommittee have,onanumberofoccasions ,commented
upontheneedforconsultation betweentheMemberStatesontheirmigration
policiesvis-a-visThirdCountries . (1
1.3.Inthepreparation ofthisCommunication theCommission has
takenaccountofanewelementofpolitical importance ,which
hasarisensincetheoriginal mandate fromtheCouncil.Thisconcerns
enlargement ,andtheessential needtoarriveatarteffective consultation ,
inordertoensurethattheobligations undertaken bytheCouncilin
regardtonewMemberStatesarefulfilled . 1
1.4. Thehistorical developments leadingtothepresentsituation ,
'andadescription oflikelyfuturedevelopments ,iscontained
i
""">theAnnex.
•/•
(1)OJNOC13of12February,1974.
(2)Bulletin oftheEuropean Communities ,suppl.3/76.
<3)OJNOC34of14February/1976. ,!
*4)"Consultation "beingunderstood as:Danish:Afstemnlng
German:Abstimmung
Italian :concertazione
Dutch:overlag
French:concertation

-2-
II.Theneedforconsultation ,thefactorswhichdeterminepolicy
towardsMigrantLabourfromThirdCountries,andtheimplications
ofenlargement
2.1.IncertainMemberStates,intheyearspreceding1973,the
progressive growthofemployment hadbeenpossibleby
recoursetomigrantmanpower,whichoftencompensatedforthe
demographicreductionintheavailablenationallabourforce.
Migrantmanpower,stillrepresenting about5%oftheCommunity
labourforce,cannotbeignored,inviewoftheimportantcontribution
beingmadetotheeconomiesoftheMemberStates.Inorderthat
theactiontakenshallbecoherentwiththeworktobeaccomplished
inconsultation onemploymentpoliciesgenerally,ashasbeen
stressedbytheCouncilintheResolutionof9February,1976,
itisindispensable toextendconsultation tothemigrationpolicies
oftheMemberStates.
Inthisperiod,inamanpowerdemandsituation(seeAnnex)
<1)recruitmentpolicieswereliberal,andoftenstimulatedwithout
sufficientregardtothesocialrepercussions oneitherthemigrants
themselvesorupontheindigenouspopulation.
2.2.Thefutureeconomicsituationingeneralwiltbeofvital
importance,andeconomicgrowthisexpectedtocontinue
atamoderatedrhythm.Inanyevent,theeconomicdevelopment
oftheCommunityintheverynearfuturewillprobablyshowacontinued
lackofdemandformigrantworkers,exceptforcertainnon-qualified
Thelinkbetweentheeconomiccycleandtheinfluxofmigrant
workersmaybedrawnfromtheanalysisintheAnnex,particularly
thegraphicalillustration .

3
activitieswhichtheindigenouspopulationareeitherunableto
satisfyorarereluctanttoaccept.Whilstthelabourmarket
requirements arefundamental,theyhavetobeweighedalsoagainst
socialandeconomicfactors,suchastheadequacyofthesocial
infrastructure ,theexistenceofunacceptably highlevelsof
unemployment,andobligationsarisinginrelationtopriorityin
accesstoemploymentforCommunitynationals.
2.3.Asizeablemigrantpopulation fromThirdCountries,
includingmanyfromnewMemberStates,remainsinthe
Community,andbecomesincreasingly long-resident .Inthis
situation,itisnecessarytoavoidinequalityoftreatmentof
ThirdCountrymigrantsinregardtolivingandworkingconditions,
whichcouldflowfromeithertheprovisionsofexistingbilateral
agreements betweenMemberStatesandThirdCountriesorthe
specificrelations,existingorforeseen,betweentheCommunity
andcertainThirdCountries.Thesocialsituationwhicharises
frominequalityoftreatment,andthefailuretoinsertthemigrant
workersandtheirfamiliesintotheeconomicandsociallifeofthehost
country,leadstotensionsanddiscriminations whicharepotentially
dangerous.
2.4.Therecruitment ofmanpowerhastakenplacebetweenMember
States,followingtheapplication oftherightoffree
movementofworkersarisingfromtheTreatyofRome,andby
individualrecruitment programmeswithThirdCountriesbycertain
MemberStates.ThepoliciespursuedbytheMemberStatesinthis
latterareahavebeenfoundeduponnationallegislationconcerning
themigrationandemploymentofforeignworkers,andhasledto
theconclusion bysomeMemberStatesofbilateraIagreementswith
certainThirdCountries.Aswouldbeexpected,mostofthese
agreementshavecommonelements,ifnotsimilarprovisions,
suchasrecruitmentprocedures,equality

-4-
oftreatmentinregardtoworkingconditions.However,itis
necessarytostressthatcertainbilateralagreements makeonly
fleetingreferencetoquestionssuchasfamilyreunification,
receptionarrangements,whilstotherbilateralagreementsdevote
anotinsignificant attentiontothesequestionsandothermatters
suchasintegrationarrangements,housingandothersocialprovisions.
Furthermore,therearenumerousagreementsbetweenMemberStates
andThirdCountries,allwithvaryingprovisionsconcerningsocial
security.
Therehasalsobeenalimitedattemptatacommonapproach
to"manpoweraspects"inthevariousagreementswhichhavebeen
concludedbetweentheCommunityandcertainThirdCountries.
Furthermore,itshouldbeconsideredwhetherconsultation
isneededonanumberofmatters,ashasbeenproposedinthefinal
communiqueofthe"European Summit"inParison9th/10thDecember,1974,
whichcalledparticularly fora"stagebystageharmonisation of
legislationaffectingaliens?'.
2.5.Theprospectofenlargement oftheCommunitybringsanew
andimportantdimensiontotheneedforconsultation .It
isself-evident thatthisneedarisesinitiallyinordertoagree
uponthetermstobeofferedtoanapplicantState,aprocessalready
inhandasfarasenlargementnegotiations areconcerned.
Thecurrentexperienceofenlargementnegotiations
illustratesthatanyfuturenewMemberStatesarelikelytoendure
transitional periodsbeforetheirnationalscanenjoyfullfree
accessItotheCommunitylabourmarket.
Theremaybeobligationstoaccordaprioritytonew
Member'States'snationalsduringtransitional periodsinrelation
tomigrantsfromThirdCountries;inthe j
1 . :
i I

-5-
eventofrecruitment whichcannotbesatisfied fromtheLabour
marketresourcesofthepresentMemberStates.AmongsttheThird
Countries,theCommunityhasalreadygivenaspecialplaceto
Turkishworkers,asaresultoftheimplementation oftheAssociation
Agreement.-
2.6.Allthishasledtoalargeheterogeneous populationof
migrants(seeAnnex),withvaryingrights:'
>·.· Η
ApartfromtheCommunitymigrantsenjoyinglegalequality,
inregardtoemployment,livingandworkingconditions,acertainnumber
ofcategories maybeitemisedasfollows:
-migrantsfromnewMemberStates;
-migrantsfromAssociatedCountries;
-migrantsfromcountrieswithwhichtheCommunity
hasconcludedagreementswithmanpower
provisions;
;-migrantsfromcountrieswithwhichtheCommunityhas
I
agreementswithoutmanpowerprovisions;
-migrantsfromcountrieswithwhichcertainMemberStates
havebilateralagreementsorspecialties;
i-migrantsfromcountrieswithnoagreementswhatsoever.
|Finally,accountmustbetakenofthenotinconsiderable
populationofillegalmigrants,spreadinirregularfashionthroughout
! . '
theCommunity.
2.7.Moreover,therearecertaintraditionalmigratoryflows
ofCommunitymigrantstowardsThirdCountries.The
activitiescarriedoninThird.Countries,byenterprises fromthe
MemberStates,particularly withintheframeworkofthedevelopment
oftheseThirdCountries,havealsoledtoaconsiderable growthof
Communitymanpowerinthosecountries.

-6-
Consultation must,therefore,aim,inthisparticulararea,
attheachievement ofanequitabletreatmentonareciprocalbasis
forCommunitynationalslivingandworkingintheseThirdCountries.
2.8.Endeavoursshouldbemadetoincludeinanyeventualnew
bilateralagreements,andintheexistingagreementswith
ThirdCountries,themaximumofcommonprovisions,takingaccount
oftheparticularinterestscertainMemberStateshaveinsome
ThirdCountries.Theobjectiveshouldbe,inthelongterm,
agreementsatCommunitylevel.
2.9.Finally,theevolutionofCommunitypoliciespointstowards
theneedforgreaterconsultation andcoordination inthe
policiestobeadoptedinrelationtotherecruitment andadmission
ofmigrantworkersfromThirdCountries,inordernottoprejudice
Communitypolicies,notablythoserelativetoenlargement,orthe
objectivesofthedevelopmentpoliciesoftheThirdCountries.
2.10.Forallthereasonsindicatedabove,andinordertomeet
theneedsofaCommunitylabourmarket,andtodetermine
howtheobligationsalreadyundertaken,andyettobeagreed,can
befulfilled,whilstsafeguarding thefundamentalprincipleand
rightoffreedomofmovementforCommunityworkers,theCouncil
shoulddecideontheprinciplesofconsultation betweenthe
MemberStatesandtheCommission.Onlyinthiswaycanthe
Communityrespectitsobligations inrelationtothenational
andCommunitylabourmarkets,beforeturningtowardsThirdCountries.

i i
III.Theareasinwhichconsultation shouldtakeplace
3.1.Insofarastheareasinwhichconsultation should
occur,theseshouldberelatedtothetermsand
conditionsunderwhichaThirdCountrymigrantisadmitted
toaMemberStatetotakeupworkandbeaccompanied by
hisfamily,aswellasthedefinition,asnecessary,of
permanentandtemporarymigration.Migrationforreasons
ofpoliticalasylumortourismbeingexcepted.
I
3.2.Insofarasthetermsandconditions underwhich
ThirdCountrycitizensareadmittedtoaState,
thedecisiononadmissionisrelatedfundamentally to
labourmarketpolicy,atnationalaswellasatCommunity
level.Itis,infact,labourmarketpolicywhich
generallydeterminestheconditionsandtermsunderwhich
anon-Community migrantisadmittedorallowedtoremain,
and,inthisregard,consultation onmigrationpolicies
vis-a-visThirdCountries,constitutes acorollaryto
theCommunitypolicyoffreemovementofCommunityworkers.
/.

8-
Thematterdoesnotstopatadmission alone;thepolicymustcover
alsotheconditions ofstayandthecircumstances inwhichdeparture
andreturn homeshouldormaybeconsidered .Hereconsiderations
intervene whichareindependent ofthoseconnected withthelabour
market,suchastheadequacy ofthereception facilities andthe
totalsocialinfrastructure .inasituation whereanimmigration
policyisfounded upondemographic considerations,' thesame
conditions andterms,andthelabourmarketconsiderations would
apply.
3.3.Agreement ontheenlargement aspects examined inChapterII,
isapre-requisite forsubséquent consultation onmigration
policies vis-à-visThirdCountries .
Thereafter ,thefollowing examplesiIlustrate thematters
whichmightbeconsidered withinthecontextofconsultation :
(i)entrytoMemberStates:
-conditions relating totheissueofworkandresidence permits;
forexample,jobopportunities ,healthexamination ,proofof
qualifications ,etc.,
-theconditions governing theadmission ofdependents .
(ii)StayintheMemberStates:
-duration ofinitialwork/residence permitandconditions for
extension ,changeofemployment oremployer,bothforthe
workerandformembersofhisfamily,
-maintaining linkswiththecultureoforigin.

-9-
(iii)DeparturefromtheMemberStates:
-considerations ofpublichealth,securityandorder,
-assistancetomigrants,andmembersoftheirfamilies,
whodecidetoreturntotheircountryoforigin.
<iv)Equalityoftreatmentofmigrantsandmembersoftheir
families-livingandworkingconditions :
-socialsecurityprovisionstobeexaminedtoseeifthe
existingprovisionsofBilateralagreements canbe
harmonizedandimproved,
-vocationaltrainingfacilitiestobereviewedwith
aviewtoprovidingappropriatetrainingforthose
wishingtoreturntotakeupemploymentintheircountry
oforigin,
-thefacilitiesforeducationtobeexamined,witha
viewtoimprovingthelanguageandvocationaltraining
opportunities ,
-healthandhousingprovisionstobeexamined,witha
viewtoimprovingtheirposition.
(v)Theproblemsofreciprocity oftreatmentarisingforworkers
andmembersoftheirfamilieswhoarenationalsoftheMember
States,andresidentincertainThirdCountries.
■ j !
3.4.Furthermore,thelevelofillegalimmigration intheMember
Statesisthecauseofsomeconcernandhasalreadyledto
aproposalfromtheCommission,whichisatpresentbeingconsidered
bytheCouncilinthelightoftheirResolutionofthe9thFebruary,
(1)1976,inwhichtheycalledforthestrengthening of"cooperation
betweenMemberStatesinthecampaignagainstillegalimmigrationof
workerswhoarenationalsofThirdCountries".
3.5.Thereshouldbeclosecooperationinthedetermination of
futureimmigrationpolicies.Thepresent"standstill"
situationinregardtotherecruitmentofThirdCountrynationals
(1)
OJNOC34of14February,1976.

-10-
istherighttimetodeterminepolicieswhichwillnotonlysafeguard
andstrengthenthepriorityforCommunitynationalsintheCommunity
labourmarket,butalsoleadtoalesshaphazardandill-planned
recruitment ofThirdCountrymigrants,andwillalsolead
toacoherentapproachinregardtotheattitudetobeadopted,
andthemeasurestobetaken,inanyfuturenegotiations for
association orcommercialagreementscontainingmanpowerprovisions.
3.6.Finally,aconsultation on"entrytoemployment"aspects,
assuggestedinpara.3-5.,wouldundoubtedly doagreat
dealtoavoidmanyofthesocialandeconomicillswhichhavecome
fromthepastrecruitmentpolicies,andbeofconsiderable aidin
improvingtheconditionsofthosemigrantsalreadyintheCommunity,
aswellasanywhomaycomeinthefuture.
IV.Mattersproposedforimmediateconsultation •
4.1.Inthelightofthepreviousconsiderations ,theCommission
isoftheopinionthatthefollowingaspectofthematter
suggestsitselfasappropriate forexamination :
-allthepossibilities ofgivingprioritytonationalsofMember
States,includinganynewMemberStatesinatransitional period,
inordertoensurethatobligationstakenataCommunitylevelare
respected,beforeturningtoThirdCountrymanpower,
-thecurrentpoliciesoftheMemberStatesiriordertodetermine
theareasinwhichimmediatecommonactionsmightbeundertaken,
bytheMemberStatesatCommunitylevel.Someitems
i
whichsuggestthemselvesforattentionare:
.'thepolicyconcerningreturnhomeofmigrants,including
'appropriatevocationaltraining;
.ithemeasurestodealwithillegalmigrationandillegalemploiyment;
» •

-11-
.thefutureplaninthematterofrecoursetonon-Community
labour,ifsuchneedexists;
.thepolicyconcerningfamilyreunification inthehost
countries;
.thepositionofMemberStatesandtheCommunityin
relationtosignature,ratification,etc.,ofexisting,
orproposed,measuresinotherinternational organisations,
suchastheInternational LabourOrganisations,Council
ofEurope,OECO,etc.
4.2.itisquiteclearthatinthehighlysensitiveareaof
migrationpolicy,itisessentialtomovebycooperation
andbyadetermination toutilizetothefulltheexisting
institutional arrangements . 11
Tothismustbeaddedthatconsultation,suchashas
beenoutlinedintheprecedingconsiderations ,doesnotnecessitate
thesetting-upofnewmeans,andthatthematterstobeconsidered,
evenwhentheyrelatetoenlargement orthenegotiation ofagreements
withThirdCountries,shouldbedealtwithbythepresentinstitutional
arrangements andtheexistingmachinerychargedwithcoordinating the
positionoftheMemberStatesinregardtoagreementswithThird
Countries.TheCommissionthinksthattherulesandprocedures
providedbyEECRegulation1612/68,particularly Article19,are
sufficientlyflexibleandapplicabletodealwiththeproblem.
ThismeansthatatfrequentintervalstheCommissioncouldreport
upontheresultsofCommunityarrangements forvacancyclearance,
andtheforeseeabledevelopments inthelabourmarket,including ,
thelikelyresponsebyCommunityworkerstothejobsavailable.
Theexistingmachinerydoesnotprecludetheestablishment,as
necessary,ofadhocworkinggroupsonspecificmatters.Inthis
frameworkaneffectiveassociationofthesocialpartnerscanbe
assured.

4.3.TheCommissionwillpresentinthefirstquarterof
eachyear,anannualreporttotheCouncil,European
ParliamentandtheEconomicandSocialCommittee,onmigration
fromThirdCountriesintotheCommunity.ThustheCouncilwill
beabletoassesstheprogressmade,anddecide,ifnecessary,
onthebasisofthereportonthepolicytobepursuedtaking
intoaccounttheideasformulatedin-thisCommunication,as
wellastheprinciplesguidingtheemploymentpoliciesof
emigrationcountries.
V.Conclusions
5.1.TheCommissioninvitestheCounciltohaveanexchange
ofviews,indepth,onthepointsmadeinthepresent
Communication .TheCouncilisinvitedtoconcludethat,inthe
lightoftheirexchangeofviews,theCommissionwillorganise,
withintheexistingCommunityinstitutions,strengthened as
necessary,consultationwithandbetweentheMemberStates.

ANNEX
Thehistorical developments leaf !in,?tothepresent situation ,andlikely
future developments
1.Therecourse tomigration isaphenomenon which existed inEurope -
though limited tocertain sectors ofindustry ,particularly mining –
even before theSecond World War .Later itassumed unprecedented
proportions ,notably during theperiod 1960-73 ,during which time
itincluded most sectors oftheeconomy ,with aconsiderable concentra­
tion ofimmigrant labour inspecific activities and areas .Inthe
Autumn of1973 ,"thenumber ofmigrant workers inemployment inthe
Community wasassessed at6.600.000 ^\Onecanaddtothisfigure
j
thefamilies ofthese workers ,which ,itisestimated ,brougjit the
total tomore than 12millions .
2.Ofthetotal ofmigrant workers inSeptember ,1973 ,nearly 73tfo
originated from countries outside theCommunity .Atthat time ,migrant
workers from Third Countries were mainly from theMediterranean area ,
anddeveloping countries .
Turks ,Yugoslavs ,Portuguese ,Algerians andSpaniards constituted the
principal groups ofimmigrant labour ,these nationalities each being
represented byalabour force ofabout half amillion .Furthermore ,
intheUnited Kingdom theNew Commonwealth citizens totalled more than
half amillion workers .Migrant workers whowere Community nationals ,
mainly Italians (860.000 )andIrish (454.000 ),totalled 1.800.000 .
3.Prior to1973 certain Member States were already aware oftheproblems
which hadarisen through large scale immigration ,andthoughts were
turning towards theneed foramore controlled recruitment ofmigrant
labour ,particularly because ofinadequate social infrastructures in
certain areas oftheCommunity .Theoccasion oftheenergy crisis in
1973 ,and .thesubsequent cut-back ineconomic activity ,rapidly reduced
thedemand formanpower ,andunemployment increased .Thus theneed for
(l)NotallMember States furnish annual statistics onmigrant workers .
There isanestimate only fortheyear 1971 from theUnited Kingdom .

-2- A3TNSX
migrantlabourdeclined,and"bytheAutumnof1974thenumberofmigrant
workersintheCommunitywasestimatedat6.300.000,ofwhichI.65O.OOO>
wereCommunitynationals,mainlyItalians(740.000)andIrish(454«000).
4.Theperiodsincetheendof1973hasseenastagnationofgrowth,with
simultaneous unemployment andinflation,andtheemployedmigrant
labourforceattheendof1977wasestimatedtohaveshownadecline
ofabout800.000(12$oftheSeptember1973peak).Approximately
257-000werestillunemployedandremainedintheMemberStates,it
maybeassumedthattheremaining543.000havelefttheCommunity.
ThereisstillasizeablemigrantworkerpopulationintheCommunity,
estimatedat6.000.000atpresent;withtheirfamiliesprobablyaround
12andahalfmillion.Theincreaseinfamilymembersissignificant
andindicatesthattherewillbeagrowingprbblemofmigrantyonth
employmentinthenearfuture.In1977itwas'estimatedthatthere
were800.000migrantchildrenintheMemberStatesbetweentheages
of10to15years.
5.Atthepresenttime,inthenineMemberStates,theCommunitymigrant
workersareestimatedat26.8$ofthetotalofforeignworkers;no
changefromthe27thSeptember1973peaksituation,andtherateof
participation ofallmigrantemployeesinemploymentvaries,the
figuresaresBelgium8.3$fGermany9»5$»Denmark2.2$,Prance11.1$
Luxembourg36.3$,Netherlands4«5$iandtheUnitedKingdom7-4$.
Ofmajorsignificanceisthechangeinthenatureofthemigrantworker
populationwithin-theEES.Asindicatedinpara.2.above,atthepeak
ofmigrantemploymenttheThirdCountrymigrantworkersaccountedfor
73$ofthemigrantworkersintheEEC,asituationwhichpersistsat
present.Thiscontrastswiththesituationin1939(aCommunityofSix
MemberStates),whentheThirdCountrymigrantworkersaccountedfor

-3- A3TNEX
only 51.9% of "thetotal ofmigrant workers intheEEC .Thus wehave
Been asubstantial growth ofamigrant population from Third Countries ,
which hasto "betaken into account when determining actions inemploy­
ment andsocial policies .
Inaddition ,during recent years ,clandestine migration has increased .
Astatistical evaluation ofthephenomenon isimpossible .The
opportunities offered forfree individual movement into andwithin
theCommunity fortourist travel ,make itdifficult forMember States
totake adequate measures against exploitation ofsuch manpower .That
iswhytheCommission hasinvited theCouncil toadopt aDirective ,
which aims particularly atthestrengthening ofcooperation between
theMember States inthe fi^vt against illegal immigration andillegal
employment ,andwhich replies totheterms oftheCouncil 'sResolution
of6February 1976 (seepara .3.4.oftheCommunication ).
Theexisting migrant population islikely toremain static ,certainly
intheshort-term ,account being taken ofthecounterbalance between
departures from theCommunity ,arrivals albeit limited ,ofnew
Community migrants andadditions tothemigrant population through
births .Thefollowing factors point tothis conclusion :
-anyeconomic expansion which migjrt occur infuture willdeal with
manpower needs bymopping –upunemployment ,mainly bycapital
intensive activities ,except incertain sectors ,where thesocial
implications ofheavy unemployment demand labour-intensive expansion
Intheface ofthis prospect ,thegeneral policies oftheMember
States willprobably bedirected towards themaintenance ofthe
almost total banontheentry ofnewThird Country migrants (except
forfamily members ofsomemigrant workers already intheCommunity J
andthestabilization ofthemigrant population atalower level .
-However ,itisnecessary totakeaccount oftwofactors which will ,
bytheir nature ,tendtodetract fromtheeffective application of
theaforementioned policy ,andtoputabrake upon thefallint
migrant population :
-thereluctance ofindigenous (Community )unemployed workers to
displace themigrant labour force ,which islargely engaged
lesswell-paid andless socially acceptable jobs ;
-thefactthatthemigrant population haswithstood theworst ofthe
unemployment /inflation cycle ,andhasshown aesl^® home toa
through andremain intheCommunity ,gather anr totalsituation ofalmost certain unemployment .
banonrecruitment ofThird Country migrants wou p
retum .

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J
ITOTALPATOSCSKHXBR2SCS>2XBR2S1355002866614811841600000l9743512317600126262d)1033005r4459000
TOTALCENTRAL 305000428671888585190000027755903849100ici000b)16650056093000

Note:ANNEXE
r=chiffrerectifié .
BELGIQUE
DANEMARK(1)frontaliers noncompris
(2)chômeurs etinvalides ycompris;estimations établies
parleMinistère del'EmploietduTravail.
(1)frontaliers ettravailleurs venantdespaysScandinaves
noncompris.
ALLEMAGNE <1)frontaliers ycompris;
(2)interruption delasérie:lespremières données delanouvell r
statistique delaBundesanstalt furArbeitrelative auxtravail­
leursoccupésassujettis àlasécurité sociale sontpubliées à
partirdu30juin1974;ellesnesontpasentièrement conparabli
aveccellespubliées jusqu'àladatederéférence defindécem­
bre1972.
(a)estimations établies parlesservices delaCommission .
FRANCE :
IRLANDE :
ITALIE :(1)frontaliers noncompris;
(2)estimations concernant lasituation' fin1973établies parle
Ministère duTravailetdelaParticipation ;donnéesplus
récentes nondisponibles .
(1)ressortissants duRoyaume-Uni noncompris;
(2)ils'agitdunombredepermisdetravaildélivrés en1977.
<1)frontaliers noncompris;
(2)moyenneannuelle 1975;données plusrécentes nondisponibles .
LUXFMDOURG : (1)frontaliers ycompris.
PAYS-BAS : (1)frontaliers belgesetallemands ycompris;
Ca)frontaliers au1.12.1977 ;
(b)estimations delasituation fin1977établies parles
services delaCommission .
(c)dont887frontaliers allemands au1.6.1977 .
<d)ils'agitdunombredepermisdetravailvalables/dor.t
39165pourtravailleurs occupés moinsde5ans.
ROYAUME-UNI
COMMUNAUTE(1)
(a)
(b)estimations concernant lapopulation activeétrangère neea
l'étranger,établies parleDepartment ofEmployaient ,dans
cadredurecensement de1971;donnéesplusrécentes non
disponibles .
estimations établies parlesservices delaCommission ,
dont631.000travailleurs nésdanslespaysduCommonwealth .
*>estimations établies parlesservices delaCommission .

1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
(1)ι
(2)ι
(3)IANNEXE
Maind'oeuvreetrarn^re
Travailleurs nonCEEoccupesdansla
FluxTravailleurs italiens
i iFluxtravailleurs nonCEE
iCEE
SIX NEUF SIX |NEUF SIX NEUF
73.000 57.000
171.000 126.000 790.000
206.000 207.000 850.000
199.000 292.000
158.000 334.000
162.000 448.000
235.000 452.000 1.732.000
189.000 382.000
75.000 190.000 1.740.000
142.000 358.000 1.700.000
145.000 1 693.000 2.300.000
176.000(1) 741.000 2.892.000
166.000(1) 570.000 3.302.000 4.360.000
161.000(1) 428.000 3.485.000 4.544.000
108.000(1)110.000(2)477.000 510.000(3 )3.785.000 4.851.000
53.000(1)55.000(2)133.000 168.000(3 )3.703.000 4.765.000
30.000(1)32.000(2) 72.000 104.000(3 )3.504.000 4.566.000
45.000(1)47.000(2) 61.000 82.000(3)3.309.000 4.470.000
45.0001)46.000(2) 65.000 85.000(3)3.300.000 4.400.000
is,italiensentresenBelgique
is,italiensentrésenBelgiqueetauDanemark
exclus

ANNEXE
TheeffectofGDPandunemployment onmigration
Theattachedgraphshowstheflowofmigrantsintothe
Community (6)overtheperiod1959-77,andthedevelopment
ofGDPandregisteredunemployment overthesameperiod.
Forconvenience,thedatahasbeenplottedonalogarithmic
scale,butthisdoesnotaffectitsinterpretation .The
followingarethemainpointstonote:
1.TherateofgrowthofGDPhasbeenagoodindicatorof
changesintherateofimmigration :peaksandtroughs
inGDPgrowthseemtocorrespondcloselywithpeaksand
troughsinimmigration.However,itdoesnotonitsown
explainthelevelofimmigration.
2.Thelevelsofimmigration havealsobeeninfluenced by
Communityunemployment .Theyhavebeenhighestwhen
unemployment hasbeenbw,whilehighCommunityunemployment
hasmeantlowimmigration .
3.Sincethecrisisof1974,immigration hasbeenlow,despite
somerecoveryofgrowth.Thisisexplainedbycontinued
highunemployment .
4.Theflowofnewimmigrants fromItalyfollowstheflow
fromoutsidetheCommunityremarkablyclosely.However,
itdoesshowsomerecoverysincethecrisis.
Itcanbeconcludedthatimmigration hasrespondedtochanging
economicconditionswithintheCommunity,andthisseemstohave
hadmoreinfluencethaninstitutional constraints .Theflowof
migrantsfromItaly,whichcouldbeexpectedtobeausefulguide
tomigrationfromthenewMemberStates,seemstohavebeenlargely
influenced byeconomicfactors.Althoughithasshownsome
recoverysince1975,itslevelremainsverylowcomparedwith
thatofthe60s.Thusitisunlikelythatimmigrationwillagain
beonalargescaleuntilbothGDPgrowthrecoversandCommunity
unemploymentfalls.

•-10-
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