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COM (85) 298 
 
 
 
Vol. 1985/0 128 
  
 
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Conformém ent au règlement (CEE, Euratom) n° 354/83 du Conseil du 1er février 1983 
concernant l'ouverture au public des archives historiques de la Communauté économique 
européenne et de la Communauté européenne de l'énergie atomique (JO L 43 du 15.2.1983, 
p. 1), tel que modifié par le règlement (CE, Euratom) n° 1700/2003 du 22 septembre 2003 
(JO L 243 du 27.9.2003, p. 1), ce dossier est ouvert au public. Le cas échéant, les documents 
classifiés présents dans ce dossier ont été déclassifiés conformément à l'article 5 dudit 
règlem ent. 
In accordance with Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 354/83 of 1 February 1983 
concerning the opening to the public of the historical archives of the European Econom ic 
Communit y and the European Atom ic Energy Communit y (OJ L 43, 15.2.1983, p. 1), as 
amended by Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1700/2003 of 22 September 2003 (OJ L 243, 
27.9.2003, p. 1), t his file is open to the public. Where necessary, classified documents in this 
file have been declassified in conformity with Article 5 of the aforementioned regulation.  
In Übereinstimmung mit der Verordnung (EWG, Euratom) Nr. 354/83 des Rates vom  1. 
Februa r 1983 über die Freigabe der historischen Archive der Europäischen  
Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft und der Europäischen Atomgem einschaft (ABI. L 43 vom  15.2.1983,  
S. 1), geändert durch die Verordnung (EG, Euratom) Nr. 1700/2003 vom 22. Septem ber 2003  
(ABI. L 243 v om 27.9.2003, S. 1), ist diese Datei der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. Soweit  
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COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(85) 298 final
Brussels, 17 June 1985
FORWARD PROGRAM FOR STEEL FOR THE THIRD QUARTER 1985
(communication from the Commission to the Council)
C0MC85) 298 final

F O R W A R D  P R O G R A M  F O R  S T E E L  F O R  T H E  T H IR D  Q U A R T E R  1985
1. The Community Economy
It became Increasingly evident last year that the Community economy has entered
a period of sustained growth. However, real growth of gross domestic product
(GDP), estimated to have been·2,1%, remained relatively modest for several
reasons. Firstly, domestic demand continued to be restrained in certain Member
States which were late in introducing adjustment policies. Secondly, the
persistence of high interest rates has undoubtedly been a principal factor
preventing any significant recovery in construction investment, which has been
a common feature of the early stages of previous recoveries. Thirdly/ economic •  *
activity was depressed by industrial disputes in some countries: in particular, 
the direct effects, in 1984, of the miners' strike in the United Kingdom are 
estimated to be equivalent to a loss of 0,2% of Community GDP.
Although the rate of GDP growth of individual countries in 1984 ranged from 
1,4% in France to 3,9% in Denmark, all Member States experienced a strong 
stimulus from external demand as world trade accelerated sharply in reaction to 
the rapid expansion of the US economy. For the Community as a whole, the volume 
of merchandise exports grew by almost 8%. A second source of growth was a 
strong recovery in equipment investment, but this was limited to five countries 
and its effect was diluted by a renewed contraction in France and Greece, and 
virtual stagnation, taking the year as a whole, in Germany. Growth of both

-  2 -
private and public consumption was about 1% in real terms, but this average 
conceals a significant divergence of growth rates between individual Member 
States.
The loss of domestic output due to industrial disputes was a major factor 
contributing to a relatively rapid growth of imports: the volume of goods 
imported by the Community grew by 7,4%, only marginally slower than exports. 
After taking account of a further deterioration of the terms of trade and the 
usual deficit on invisibles account, there was a small increase in the surplus 
on current transactions which reached just over $ 1 billion. Further progress 
was achieved in reducing the rate of price inflation, with the average for the 
Community falling from 7,6% in 1983 to 6,3%  last year. However, the rate of 
unemployment continued to increase as the growth of employment was minimal and 
not sufficient to absorb the .additional expansion of the labour force.A
Little change in the principal trends of the Community economy is expected in 
1985. The underlying rate of growth is expected to continue to be in the 
region of 2 1/4%, at an annual rate. However, the termination of the miners' 
strike in the United Kingdom will result in a temporary acceleration in the 
rate of growth of Community GDP to around 2 1/2% for the year as a whole, 
despite some slight deceleration in most other Member States. The respective 
contributions to overall growth of the domestic and external sectors are not 
forecast to show any marked change. The modest weakening of exports which 
should result from the slower forecast growth of world trade is expected to be 
more than offset by a sharper deceleration of imports. Within total, domestic 
demand, stronger growth of private consumption will serve to compensate for a 
significantly smaller contribution of stockbuilding.

On a half-yearly basis, the overall rate of growth of 6DP in the Community in 
1985 is not expected to fluctuate significantly. During the first half of the 
year, however, output, particularly in the construction sector, was adversely 
affected by the exceptionally severe weather conditions that affected Europe. 
On the other hand, there was an offsetting sharp acceleration in the growth of 
GDP in the United Kingdom as various components of demand reacted to the ending 
of the miners strike and the exceptional imports of coal and oil were 
terminated.
The outlook for the second half of 1985 suggests that, although the rate of 
growth will remain at its current modest rate, the expansion of economic 
activity in the Community will become more self-sustaining and less dependent 
on external demand which is expected to decelerate further. Consumer 
expenditure will strengthen somewhat as the continued deceleration of 
inflation, reflecting, in particular, weaker import prices, permits a more 
substantial real increase in disposable income. In addition,· gross fixed 
investment will benefit from a small recovery of construction activity, whilst 
equipment investment continues to expand at an annual rate of around 5 % .
No major change is to be expected in labour market trends during the current 
year. As the slack in the economy is increasingly absorbed, the persistent, 
albeit modest, increase in economic activity should result in a gradually 
accelerating expansion of employment. However, this will not yet be sufficient
4
to absorb the growing number of people seeking work and unemployment is 
expected to show a further small increase taking the Community as a whole.

- 4 -
2. STEEL MARKET REVIEW
Once again it is encouraging to report on a good outturn for the previous 
quarter. The final figures for QI/85 demonstrate that despite the effect of 
the most severe winter for many years, manufacturing industry and steel 
stockists have continued to absorb steel at a rate above that forecast and this 
demand has more than offset the setback to construction work caused by the bad 
weather during the period. Furthermore/ there is evidence that this output 
represented real consumption as there has been no evidence of a substantial 
stockbuild during the period.
Indeed the production outturn (30.41 m/t against 29.0 m/t estimated) was above 
that of QIV/84 and close to the levels of QI and QII/84 which were themselves 
the highest for several years. These figures are contained in the quarterly
s
supply and demand balance set out in Table 3. First indications of the trend 
for QII/85 are also favourable -provisional production figures for April show 
10.3 m/t and even allowing for public holidays in May this initial momentum 
gives grounds for confidence that the forecast of 29.8 m/t for the quarter will 
be achieved and even surpassed. In fact, a preliminary estimate for May 
indicates a figure of no less than 10.5 m/t.
Although there is every sign that the industry will be busy until the end of 
June, it does not follow that the same rhythm of production will be maintained 
in àlII/85. 1984 saw an exceptionally active third quarter, production being 
some 3 m/t above the same quarter in 1983. Even so there was a. seasonal
decline of some 2 m/t or about 6.5% against the average outturn for the 
remaining 3 quarters of 1984. This is not abnormal and certainly a seasonal

T A B L E  1
Industrial production expectations in the main industrial groups in the Community 
(1) (2) (not seasonally adjusted) (Greece not included).
Oct1-----I  
Nov 
1|  Decj  Jan FebMarchApril |
|  Total Industry + 31
|I  - 1I  + 6 +11+14+10 |
|  Consumer Goods + 61
1  + 1jI  + 4 + 8+ 9+ 5 |
j  Capital Goods + 6I
I  + 5II  + 5I  + 7 +18+19+15 |
I  Metal Processing - 3I
I  + 1II  +11I  + 7 + 1+10+19 |
|  Manufacture of metal articles - 3I
I  - 8I  - 8I  + 2 +12+11+ 8 |
|  Mechanical engineering + 2I
I  + 3II  + 3I  + 3 +10+15+ 9 |
|  Electrical engineering +12I
I  + 9II  + 7|  +12 +15+17+16 |
|  Motor Vehicles manufacture +17I
I  + 1
II  + 5I  o + 9+11- 3 |
(1) Net balances; i.e. differences between the percentages of respondents giving 
positive and negative replies
(2) This data is extracted from the business surveys carried out among managements in the Community 
the surveys represent the individual expectations of business managers numbering about 20.000 across the Community
Source: Commission services

- 6 -
(EUR 10) TABLE 2 
Indicators of Activity (1)
(Nçt seasonally adjusted)
j  QIII/84 QI/851|  QII/85I  I  |  QIII/85 |
I  i
j  Manufacture of metal articles |  100,00 111,16I  113,5i  II  102,4 | j  {
j  Mechanical engineering |  100,00 108,2|  109,8 I  101,2 |I  I
j  Electrical engineering |  100,00 112,3|  110,9 I  102,4 |  I  I
j  M otor vehicles |  100,00 118,9|  120,6 I  99,1 |
j  Other m eans of transport |  100,00 110,5I  110,3 I  99,3 |  j  j
j  Building and civil engineering |  100,00 97,2|  101,8 I  97,9 |
I  I
Source: C om m ission Services
(1) These indexed predictions of the level of activity of various steel consuming 
sectors indicate trends quarter on quarter. They are derived by weighting 
similar national data provided by the trade associations of the principal steel 
consuming industries. Therefore the trends shown in this table do not 
necessarily reflect precisely the balance of expectations shown in Table 1.

variation arising from the major holiday period that occurs in this quarter in 
most Community countries must be taken into account as a major factor in 
constructing the quarterly forecast.
As usual in Tables 1 and 2 the two principal industrial indicators are shown 
and they provide an initial pointer to broad steel consumption trends in the 
quarter. In table 1 it appears that the firms interviewed have remained quite 
optimistic since January and indeed the February/March columns show that ratio 
of optimists to pessimists among the Community's business managers has moved in 
favour of those giving positive replies in nearly every sector. The replies of 
the respondants will naturally discount the effect of their firms holiday shut 
down periods in QUI and to this extent they are "seasonally adjusted".
Table 2 enables a more precise estimation of the seasonal effect to be made by
sector. The industries concerned in most cases predict a not unexpected
falling away of activity by 7/10X against QII/85, although motor vehicles are «
estimated to decline by as much as 18X but construction by only AX. Compared 
with the same quarter in 1984 there are only small variations against the base 
index of 100 - three sectors showing small advances of 1 or 2X and three 
sectors even smaller decreases of less than 1X. These variations may well 
cancel each other leading to the general conclusion that real consumption may 
be maintained not far from last years levels in the same quarter. Underlying 
these broad Community indicators is the national data for the recent quarters 
and the individual country forecasts prepared by the local industries. These 
continue to show a divergence between member states although prospects in the 
Federal Republic of Germany, UK and Italy are still encouraging and in the 
smaller economies the Netherlands, Denmark and Belgium all report moderate 
optimism from most consuming sectors.

- 8 -
TABLE 3
Crude steel supply and demand EUR-10
(million tonnes)
1
1
1Realised Outturn |  Forecast |
1
111  QIV/83 QI/8411  QII/84 QIII/84 jIQIV/84 I 01/85 QII/85|  QIII/85 |
1 1 1 I (2)
1|  Real Consumption |11  23.77126.6011 26.22 23.92 1I25.79 j 27.32 26.80|  25.80 |
1|  Stock Change 1  +1.00 + 0.501  + 0.50 + 0.35 1 - 0.50 I - 0.40 - 0.201 o |
1 <1)|(2)
|  Imports 
1I  2.56 2.411  2.40 2.31 I 2.45 j 2.50 2.60|  2.60 |
I 1 (1)|(2)
|  Exports|I  6.70I6.131  6.34 6.55 I 7.38 1 6.00 5.80|  5.80 |
1|  Production
1II  28.91
I30.821  30.66 
128.51 I 30.22 1  
130.42 29.80|  29.00 |
(1) Provisional
(2) Forward Programme estimate
Source: Commission Services

-  9 -
Other sources confirm the analysis given 1n part 1 of this report, to th· 
extent that export demand from the USA (for manufactured goods many with a high 
steel content) is expected to decline steadily in the second half of the year. 
Thus one of the principal motors of the increased activity in manufacturing 
sector in 1984 will continue to run down in the third quarter in addition to 
the seasonal effect of the holiday period. Fortunately it appears both from 
national and Community statistics that the overall investment in capital goods 
is unaffected by this trend, since, although the outlook for construction and 
civil engineering is poor, industrialists are expected to maintain their 
investment plans for the purchase of plant, machinery and factory equipment. 
These are supported by specific studies of the economies in the Federal 
Republic of Germany, UK and Belgium.
These factors may have a somewhat contradictory influence on steel demand in \
QIII/85 but the Commission's view is that the negative effect of the seasonal 
variation will in general more than outweigh the positive influences that will 
affect some sectors of the market, although this is expected to be less marked 
than in QIII/1984. Furthermore, steel merchants stocks are adequate and there 
appears little likelihood that a major stockbuiId will occur in the period, as 
the fourth quarter outlook does not justify manufacturers stock increases in 
most consuming sectors. With many plants closed for several weeks during the 
period it is equally improbable that there will be a stock draw on any 
considerable scale. Merchants stocks, therefore, are likely to remain in 
equilibrium and for these reasons stock movements are shown as '0' in the steel 
balance estimate in Table 3.

- 10 -
Product estimates for Community deliveries have been constructed by an 
assessment of sectoral demand as described earlier in this section of the 
report and of other estimates received from the several sources including the 
steel industry's in-house market projections. It is convenient to refer to the 
quota categories which form the bulk of the industry's output of finished 
steel. Hot rolled coil (Cat. Ia) will suffer considerably from the seasonal 
effect, and also there is some uncertainty in the outlook for the tube 
industry, where stocks may be high. Automotive sales are a major determinant 
of the order load for cold rolled sheet (Cat. Ib) and the seasonal effect is 
likely to be particularly severe this year, therefore demand is estimated to be 
considerably reduced for this product. Coated sheet (Cat. Ic and Id) is also 
likely to be adversely affected for the same reasons especially since a 
considerable proportion of these products are used by the building industry, 
where prospects are unfavourable, and an increasing amount is being used in the 
automotive industry. This should prove a temporary setback, for in the longer 
term the growth in the market for coated sheet seems assured, albeit at the 
expens'e of uncoated sheet (Cat. Ib). Quarto plates (Cat. II) should be less 
affected by seasonal variation although no real recovery for .the product is 
foreseen in the short term, especially in view of the long term cyclical 
problems of the shipping and petro-chemical industries. Heavy section (Cat. 
Ill) demand however will be reduced more severely owing to the combination of 
the continuing malaise in the construction sector and normal seasonal 
variation, although it should be noted that the UK market remains an exception, 
demand remaining relatively strong .  The wire rod (Cat. IV) market remains one 
of the most encouraging product sectors and may well escape the normal seasonal
4  Idownturn experienced by other products. Reinforcing bar (Cat. V) business, 
although less affected by the recession in construction than heavy-sections, 
will almost certainly decline slightly for seasonal reasons and the same

-  11 -
comment applies to merchant bars (Cat. VI). General trends in steel export
markets are described below but it is worthy of comment to note the good
performance of the industry in the first half of the year and product forecasts
fully support the crude steel estimate of 5.8 m/t for the quarter. The
industry's export managers are particularly confident that their sales to these
markets will be substantial for hot and cold rolled sheet, plates and heavy
sections and also wire rod. The supply and demand balance is shown in the
usual format in Table 3 with production set at 29.0 m/t taking into account not
only the outlook for quota products in the Community summarised above, but also
demand for the non quota products. Consumption (apparent and real) follows
after the addition of the import figure (see comments below) and the deduction
of exports to third countries. If consumption is maintained at this level and
given a moderately good first half year (the second quarter estimate of 29.8
m/t should be comfortably exceeded) then 1985 should be a reasonably
satisfactory year for the industry by present standards, and the outturn at or
near the 1984 total of just over 120 m/t. There are no signs that demand in «
the fourth quarter should be unusually depressed given the macro-economic 
trends '  described in part 1 of this report and the positive .prospects for 
several of the principal steel using sectors that have emerged from the studies 
undertaken by the Commission to date, which include year on year projections, 
as well as quarterly analyses and forecasts.

- 12 -
The third quarter is traditionalLy characterised by a slackening in the volume 
of Community foreign trade in steel compared with the preceding quarter.
Despite this significant seasonal factor, it is likely that the volume of 
Community imports in the third quarter will for a number of reasons, such as 
the increasing firmness of internal prices following the entry into force of 
new minimum prices from 1 April, remain at the level of 2.60 million tonnes as 
forecast for the previous quarter. The continuation beyond the second quarter 
of the backlog effect due to deliveries not being made at the beginning of the 
year because of the unusually severe winter, and current trends towards a 
strengthening of the European currencies in relation to the dollar, might also 
have an influence on the level of imports.
With regard to exports, a determining factor may be the drop in apparent 
consumption forecast for the current year in the whole of the OECD and 
especially in the United States. It would appear that the anticipated drop in 
Community exports within the OECD may with difficulty be offset by an 
equivalent increase to the rest of the world, although consumption there is 
expected to rise. The main reason for this is increased competition in the 
world market as a result of the voluntary restraint agreements which the main 
exporting countries, including some highly competitive newly industrialized 
countries, have concluded with the United States.
In these circumstances and as the backlog effect mentioned earlier in relation 
to imports could also make itself felt in the field of exports, it seems wise 
to fix the forecast level of Community exports at 5.8m tonnes for the third 
quarter of the current year.

<i
-13- |
3
■  ^  i
As far as prices are concerned, all producers are trying to offset the 
substantial Increases In their production costs by raising their selling 
prices proportionately. In the case of hot and cold-rolled flat products and 
U, I and H sections and beams of 80 mm and more, the new minimum prices fixed 
for deliveries from 1 April 1985^, which take account of the situation
described, are affecting the prices of current transactions. Some producers 
of long products not subject to minimum prices have themselves increased their 
list prices, and in some cases, particularly for reinforcing bars, by as much 
as 5%; moreover, there have been numerous increases in the size extras for 
these products recently.
All the negotiations on the 1985 arrangements with the 15 countries
traditionally involved were formally concluded by the signature, at the
beginning of May, of the arrangements with the last three of these countries.
These arrangements, which have been adapted to the requirements of the market
in 1985, ought normally to maintain a balance between the price and quantity
of imports until the end of this year. With regard to third countries with
which arrangements do not exist, the Commission has again published a 2 'Communication with the basic prices expressed in ECU per tonne, in order to
, \adjust· the price levels of certain products subject to monitoring, in the 
light" of recent variations in production costs, and to restore certain
relativities between them. In this connection, these prices have been 
increased by an average of 12% for pig iron, by about 10% for ferro-manganese, 
roughly 5% for cold-rolled sheet and 6% for galvanized sheet, including the 
increase in the cost of zinc.
1 Decision No 811/85/ECSC of 28 March 1985 (0J No L 89 of 29.3.85, p.34)
2 ECSC Communication of May 1985 (0J C 120 of 15.5.85)

-  14 -
3. Commission action In the market
In Late May the Commission modified the QII/1985 abatement rates for a number of quota 
products. Community producers have continued to achieve above average results in 
their drive for exports and the production quotas (which govern the tonnage for export 
to third markets) for hot roLLed coil (Cat. Ia) and cold rolled sheet (Cat. Ib) were 
increased to^ cover these requirements. At the same time minor changes were made to 
the internal market quotas for heavy sections (Cat. Ill) and galvanised sheet (Cat. 
Ic) to cover short term improvements in demand for these products in certain Community 
countries. The Commission has recently fixed abatement rates and established quota 
levels for QIII on the basis of the market trends described in part 2 of this report. 
Although it now appears that QII may turn out to be a better quarter than originally 
estimated, the Commission considers it necessary to be extremely prudent in assessing 
prospects for QIII. The seasonal effect of the holiday period must be taken into 
account and the outlook for many consuming sectors is uncertain. Therefore product 
quotas have been set at conservative levels particularly for the flat products and 
heavy constructional profiles. In consequence, considerably lower quotas have been 
fixed for the principal strip mill products (Cat. Ia and Ib) and also for the two
derived strip mill products - galvanised a n d  "other coated" sheet (Cat. Ic a n d  Id).
%Smaller but significant reductions have also been made in the case of two products, 
consumed mainly by heavy industry - quarto plate and heavy sections (Cat. II and III). 
Quotas for reinforcing and merchant bars (Cat. V and VI) have been decreased by 
slightly lower amounts. However an exception has been made in the case of wire rod 
(Cat. IV) where demand in several Community markets is stilt strong and the seasonal 
effect unlikely to be marked. Abatement rates, therefore, are unchanged from QII/85 
for this product. If the conservative market assessment expressed by these rates 
should prove to be too pessimistic the position can be reviewed at the end of July and 
the rates relaxed if necessary, within the rules of the quota system, which permit 
such modification up to the end of the first week of August.
The effect of the QIII abatement rates 1s shown in Table 4. The last column 
represents, the resulting theoretical quotas and direct comparison can be made with the 
figures for QI/85 and QII/85. Performance against quota is shown on the left of the 
double vertical line where outturn production and allocated quotas are placed side by 
side. Quotas prior to QI/85 include supplements and other adjustments'and cannot be 
compared with the theoretical figures indicated for the three most recent quarter.

- 15 -
The revised minimum prices established on 1st April 1985 have assisted producers in 
their efforts to improve margins and producers should have made some progress towards 
achieving long-term viability. Thus in fixing the QUI abatement rates the Commission 
also has in mind the need to strengthen price discipline 1n the market by avoiding the 
possibility of over supply during the quarter.

-  16 -
TABLE 4
PRODUCTION QUOTAS AGAINST OUTTURN
|  Product Category1|  Production 
|  (finished steel products)ProductionQuotas
1|  11/84I|  III/84rIV/84 |1/85|  11/84|  III/84i n|  IV/84 |(1)
1/85(1)
11/85(1)i 
II1/85 i
I  la(hot-rolled coil)"1|  5468I|  5219 |r5749 |I5509|  5635|  51761 r1  5675 jI  I40704328i3967 !
I  lb(uncoated-sheet)1|  3786II|  3371II3699 |3832|  3917|  36251  1|  3786 jI  I357637113329 |
I  Ic(galvanized sheet)1I  978II  869II951 |952|  941|  8971  11  975 jI  I905936877 |
I  Id(other coated sheet)1|  778I|  687II803 |I841|  838|  7141  11  870 |I  I818829759 !
I  II(quarto plate)1|  1303IIj  1229I1270 |  |1286|  1350|  13061  11  1378 jI  I129313001255 j
I  hi(heavy sections)II  1047II|  921II1109 |1197|  1235|  10591  1  |  1127 jI  I106911221062 |
I  IV(wire rod)I|  2972II|  2435II2867 |2890|  2940|  26801  11  2835 |I  I248425702570 !
I  v(reinforcing bar) |  1844IIj  1595II1800 jI1668|  1941|  18171  1  j  1894 I1  I170917681737 |
I  vi(merchant bar)I|  2258II  1859I2193 |2314|  2356|  22051  11  2356 | 219221992167 |
(1) Theoretical quotas without supplement or other adjustments
Source: Commission Services

-  17 -
4. EMPLOYMENT
The downward trend during 1984 1n the number of hours Lost has been confirmed 
during the first four months of 1985, with 1191000 in January 1985 compared 
with 3464000 in January 1984. This is particularly noticeable in the figures 
for Germany where a considerable number of hours had been lost in 1984.
The number of jobs lost during the three months (ending April 1985) has 
decreased overall bringing the annual rate of contraction of the European steel 
industry down a percentage point to 5.8%. This improvement is due Largely to 
the stability of employment in the German steel industry where numbers employed 
have remained at their December 1984 level.
The pattern of monthly redundancies in most countries has remained even in 1985 
with the exception of France, where losses for the first quarter totalled over 
700 - almost three times as many as in the whole of 1984.
\
The annual rate of job losses in the Italian steel industry which increased 
significantly in 1984 to reach an annual rate of 13% showed no sign of 
decreasing during the first quarter of 1985.
Likewise net employment figures for the Belgian steel Industry during the first 
third of 1985 showed a net decrease compared with the same period in 1984.
Employment levels in the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark and Ireland remain 
very stable, as is increasingly the case in the United Kingdom where the 
slowdown in the number of jobs lost, was already quite significant in 1984.
In conclusion, with job losses down overall in comparison with previous years, 
thé figures for the first months of 1985 are not discouraging.
The statistics on which these comments are based do not include those of 
Greece.

-  -1% ~
ì  < r K
b e u t s c h - 
LAN8MANCEITALIA N EB ER -
LANB■E L E 1 6 U E  
B I L E I ELUXEN-
BOUEEUNITEB- KINCOONIRELANDBANNARK
E N P t O t lE »
201.0 i192.0 |  
181,3 |  
168,9 |  
1J6,5 |
197.4 |
186.7 |
17S,9 I
163.7 |
152.5 |113,6 |  
100,2  | 
96,8  
92,6  
87,1
104,9 |  
97,3  
95,2  
90,7  
85,1 I100,6 21,0 • 47,4 16,0 133,4
98,0 20,9 44,7 13,9 96,0
93,9 20,5 43,1 13,4 81,9
90,3 i 9 , r 40,4 12/5 67,3
81,7 18 ,r 58,7 12,7 62,3
151,6 | 84,0 | 75,0 I 18,7 36,7
152,5 | 83,6 | 74,8 | 18,8 36,4
152,4 | 82,8 | 74,5 | 18,8 36,2
151,8 | 82,3 | 74,0 | 18,9 35,9
151,5 | 82,2 I 7 4 ,0 *| 18,9* 35,899,5 I 21,0 45,2 14,9
95,7 | 20,9 44,1 13,4
91,5 I 20,2 41,6 13,4
87,1 19,2 39,6 12,8
75,6 | 18,7 37,2 12,7
1984 I
' n161,7 | 90,1 87,2 19,1 39,4 12,6 63,6
161,3 ! 89,5 86,8 18,9 39,4 12,6 63,2
I I ! 160,4 | 88,0 86,5 18,8 39,4 12,6 62,6
iv 158,4 i 86,2 85,6 18,7 39,3 12,6 62,5
V 157,3 | 84,1 85,7 18,4 39,3 12,6 42,0
VI 154,9 | 86,9 82,5 18,6 39,0 12,7 61,8
V II 154,5 87,7 79,9 18,4 39,1 12,7 61,8
V ili 154,8 1 87,6  
8 6 ,4 178,6 18,6 38,9 12,8 62,0
IX 155,9 | 77,9 18,6 38,1 12,8 62,1
. X 153,2 I 85,7 | 77,5 18,8 37,8 12,9 62,0
XI 153,1 | 85,3 1  76,9 18,8 37,6 12,9 62,0
X II 152,5 | 85,1 75,6 18,7 . 37,2 12,7 6 1 ,V0,7
0,7
0,7 |
0 ,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0 ,7
0,7
0,7KELLAS
0,7 2,5 :
0 ,6 1,9 :
0,7 1,7 :
0,6 1,5 1
0,7 1,6
112,1 1 0,5 I 2,2
88,2 0,7 1,7
74,5 1 0 ,6  ! 1,6
63,7 | 0 ,7  I 1,6
61,9 | 0 ,7  | 1,5
12,3 I 61,8 0 ,7  | 1,5
12,2 I 61,6 0 ,7  | 1,5
12,3 I 61,4 0 ,6  | 1,5
12,2 I 61,1 0 ,6  | 1,6
12,3 ! 61,1 0 ,6  | 1,64 ,0 ·■ 1  000
636,2
568.7  
533,1
493.7  
8 8 4 ,0
597,9
548,7
513,6
479,2
450,0
476.0  
473,9
470.5
465.6
464.0
438.7
456.6
455.6
454.1
450.2
448.8
445.8
4 ,0 « I 446,2  
4 ,0 * I 446,1I  II
ob losses during the three months February, March, April 1985 (1985 average loss per month 1.7 
-0.1% 2.0% 0.8% -1.1% 2.7% 3.9% 1.1% 14.3% 0.0%
EcKffyees in percentage terms by Member State
34.6% 18.8% 17.0% 4.3% 8.2% 2.8% 13.9% 0.1% 0.3%
1980
1981
1982  
1913  
1984
1984MOEKINE H O U E t L 0 8 T
’ : I 1 : 1 : 1 2037 s : 1 :
4033 | 2394 6963 | 1  1296 | 2128 2643 4871 | 0
16527 | 2081 9414 2633 4858 5146 -2733 I 84
17463 | 3143 21738 I 1305 1 4842 4009 1022 | 0
2654 | 304 15428 | 32 ! 1847 1600 152 I 0: I 0 :
59 | 0 25988
167 I 0 43785
0 1 0 53542
0 1 0 ' 22017
I 767 40 2074 14 340 200 29 0
II 477 96 1710 8 225 191 10 0
I I I ■ 563 66 1747 10 204 178 H 0
IV 861 19 1698 0 141 ÌS2 9 0
V 216 3 1411 0 ISO 159 IS 0
VI * 141 10 1423 0 107 124 12 J
V I! 72 10 1134 0 61 114 11 0
V III 24 10 878 0 123 91 3 0
IX 33 8 638 0 100 97 5 0
X 38 17 899 o 109 108 17 0
XI 18 15 790 0107 95 10 0
X II , 2 10 824 0 180 87 17 0000
0
«
0
0
0
0
0
0
000
0
00nu
o
0000■ 1 000
J484-
ft!
iiS
1141
1404
1179
881
1188
1035
1120
1985 Ip
Up 
11  Ip  
ivp 
VP5 1  1
5 I 3
6 I 3
2 I 2
0 I 9957 I 0 | 147 | 101 I 5 j 0 j 0 | 0 j 1214  
770 1  0 | 74 · 93 I 4 0 | 0 0  ’ **
908 | 0 1  81 j 93 | J I 0 | 0  
794 | 0 I 104 | 89 I 1  0 j 0
| |  58 | 80 1  1  0 | 0 | 1
B E
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