COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
C0M(93) 501 final 
Brussels, 15 October 1993 
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION 
M&84TON&NC& EXTENSION AM> CRBATlOH OF 0ÀTA RA&ES 
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1. Introduction 
Following appraisal of the Communication from the Commission entitled "European 
Fisheries Research, Current Position and Prospects" (COM(93) 95 final, Brussels, 16 
March 1993), the Council issued, inter alia, the following conclusions in document 
SN 3289/1/93 of 24 July 1993: 
"The Council recognises the necessity to maintain, extend or create appropriate data 
bases, covering biological, ecological, technical and socio-economic aspects as vital 
for the implementation of the Common Fisheries Policy. 
The Council confirms that the collection of basic data and associated analyses are 
first of all the responsibility of Member States in accordance with the Treaty. The 
Member Stales should ensure that research activities are conducted under an 
appropriate managerial syiem and that adequate funds are allocated to this end. The 
Commission has an important role to play in stimulating the planning of such work. 
The Council invites the Commission to submit a report setting out, on a multiannual 
basis, prospectives for the development and maintenance of data bases within each 
Member State. " 
This report responds to these conclusions of the Council. 
2. The Current Position with respect to National Databases 
2.1 Background 
2.1.1 Meeting in 1992 of Directors of fisheries institutes of Member States. 
For several years an annual meeting of Directors of fisheries research institutes of 
Member States has been organised to allow interchange of information and opinions 
and to define problems and possibilities in their research areas. 
At the third meeting of 1992, the Directors pointed out that because of reductions in 
funding, it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain existing data bases and that, 
if present conditions are maintained, extension of them and/or creation of new data 
bases seemed very unlikely. It seems likely that the quality of the databases will 
decrease. This confirmed the pre-existing opinion of the Commission. 
2.1.2 Further meetings in 1992 
In response to this information, the Commission organised in I1)1),' tluee meetings it» 
further review the present situation. Participants at these meetings comprised scientists 
familiar v/ith their respective sampling programmes from which the major part of the 
information stored in the databases is obtained. 
The meetings dealt, repectively, with sampling programmes in the following 
geographical areas: 
(a) North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat, Baltic, English Channel 
(b) West of Scotland, Roc kail, Irish Sea, west and south of Ireland, Bay of Biscay, 
Atlantic coasts of Iberian Peninsula 
(c) Mediterranean. 
The participants amplified the reasons for reduction in funding for the sampling 
programmes. These include: 
- general restrictions on government expenditure 
- reduction of public support for fisheries research due to percieved problems 
resulting from the application of the results of the research 
- a shift in emphasis in research from the economic interests of the fishery to the 
protection of the ecosystem 
- increasing competition from research projects that, at least in part, are financed 
by other agencies. 
The main purpose of these meetings, however, was to evaluate the current costs of 
providing data for maintenance of the appropriate databases by the performance of 
the respective sampling schemes. 
3. Sampling programmes and national and international databases 
3.1 The purpose of the sampling programmes 
A major component of the Community's fisheries conservation policy is, and will 
probably continue to be, the system of Total Allowable Catches (TAC's) and 
associated national quotas. There also exist regulations defining technical measures 
such as mesh sizes, closed areas and closed seasons. In addition, the Commission has 
recently been provided with the opportunity to propose nuiltiannual and/or 
multispecies TAC's and to propose direct limitations on fishing effort. 
To assess the probable effects of the application of any of these conservation 
measures it is necessary to analyse appropriate data. The provision of these data is 
accomplished by implementation of well-designed sampling schemes at national level. 
At national administrative level, the data are often of use in analysing specified 
problems and at both national and international scientific level the databases are often 
employed in support of many areas of innovative scientific research. 
3.2 Definition of the required data and the sampling activities required to produce 
them 
3.2.1 Length composition, age composition and mean weight-at-age of the catch. 
Ideally, data should be available on the total number of fish of each length (length 
composition) and of each age (age composition) caught by the total international fleet 
from each exploited stock. The total catch of fish can be subdivided into two major 
components. The first comprises those fish which are landed while the second consists 
of those which are discarded. 
The age composition of the landings can be estimated by sampling at landing sites. 
In Europe, these are usually situtuated at a fish market and hence this area of 
sampling activity is referred to as "market sampling". The age composition of the 
discards can be most effectively estimated by sending technicians to sea on 
commercial fishing vessels to sample discards in situ ("discard sampling"). 
The sampling activities consist of measuring fish and removing from them either 
scales or ear-bones (otoliths) examination of which allows determination of the age 
of the fish. The sampling is conducted under a pre-defined protocol such that, to the 
extent possible, all important species, geographical areas and fleets are covered. The 
sampling programme is usually replicated either monthly or quarterly throughout the 
year. 
Estimates of mean weight-at-age are readily produced as a further product of an 
appropriately designed sampling scheme. 
3.2.2 Data obtained from research vessel surveys 
To estimate the probable short-term effects of any proposed conservation measure for 
a given fish stock implies that, inter alia, catches next year for that stock can be 
predicted. Under present fishing intensity, many stocks, especially those of the 
demersal (bottom dwelling) species, consist predominantly of young fish. For this 
reason, the number of young fish likely enter the stock (recruitment) in the year for 
which a defined conservation measure is proposed is a significant determinant of the 
level of the catch. At present, the only way to determine probable recruitment is to 
sample the young fish at some time prior to recruitment. This sampling is achieved 
by research vessel surveys in which catches are taken using small-meshed nets and 
according to a pre-defined protocol. 
Another important type of rt search vessel survey is concerned with obtaining samples 
oi spawning products (eggs and/or larvae) of various stocks of fish. Sueh data .u< 
used to estimate the total quantities of eggs/larvae produced at spawning tune b\ 
various sux;ks. Scientific investigations independent of the survey allow estimation 
of the number of eggs/larvae produced per unit weight of female fish during the 
spawning season. Division of the total number of eggs/larvae by the imit-weight eg**. 
production provides an estimate of the total weight of females in the sea at spawning 
tune. This can be raised to the total weight of males-f females if the sex ratio of th.* 
stock is known. Such investigations are of importance for calibration of analyses 
defining the historical and current state of various stocks. In recent years the 
technique has been applied to the western mackerel stock and to herring in the North 
Sea. 
3.2.3 Total weight landed and associated fishing effort 
In addition to the statistics obtained from market sampling and discard sampling, data 
are also required on total weight of fish landed so that the sampling statistics can be 
raised to total values. Such data are required for each species, fleet, geographical area 
and time period incorporated in the sampling protocol. 
Similarly disaggregated data on fishing effort, usually in the form of actual fishing 
time or days' absence from port, are also highly desirable to allow implementation 
of various analytical techniques. 
Data of these types are often supplied by national administrations via their fishery 
inspectorates. However, in an appreciable number of instances, national fisheries 
institutes are responsible for the compilation of such data. 
3.2.4 Economic data 
Collection of economic data faces currently serious problems in terms of quality and 
comprehensiveness. In most Member States economic information is available only 
on ad hoc basis. Consequently, economic situation of the fleet or social impact of 
fishery management measures cannot be evaluated properly. Recent disturbances on 
the white fish market demonstrate the need for better understanding of the economics 
of the sector. 
In order to meet these problems information has to be collecte;! on characteristics of 
homogeneous fleet segments in specific fisheries, the composition of catch, fishing 
effort, detailed prices by species, market category and season, costs of production and 
numbers of fishermen involved. Ideally, the data base should also allow tor regional 
analysis, assessment of secondary activities, international trade and aquaculture. 
The main soi;rce of data on fleet performance will be panel surveys and random 
sampling. Information on market trends may be collected (on-line) from the mam 
ports and auctions. Foreign trade data may be obtained tvi»m Hurostat. Flee! 
characteristics will be derived from the national or EC fleet registers. Data on 
aquaculture and secondary industries will have to be obtained through regular surveys 
or from the sectoral organisations. Use will be made of market sampling for biologic 
purposes and the resulting information on composition of landings. 
3.2.5 National databases 
The data collected by national agencies are stored in respective national databases. 
3.3 Analysis of the data collected by the sampling schemes 
3.3.1 International organisations 
For most of the fish stocks exploited by fishermen of Member States in the North 
Atlantic, analyses of the data collected in the sampling schemes are predominantly 
carried out under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the 
Sea (ICES). For other stocks of interest to fishermen from Member States, a similar 
role is undertaken by the North Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO), the 
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) and the 
General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean (GFCM). 
3.3.2 International databases 
In the case of ICES, facilities for compilation and maintenance of data from national 
databases into international databases are provided. The required analytical facilities 
such as computers and computer programs are also provided together with secretarial 
and administrative facilities for preparation and distribution of reports. The other 
organisations operate in a basically similar fashion although their procedures may 
differ in detail. 
3.3.3 Working Groups 
Member States provide, at their own expense, scientists as participants in so-called 
"working groups" whose role, following pre-defined terms of reference, is to analyse 
the available data and to prepare associated reports. These reports are referred to a 
higher level committee (in the case of ICES this is the Advisory Committee on 
Fisheries Management - ACFM) which prepares a final report to be distributed to 
Member States and other interested parties as the definitive scientific advice. 
3.3.4 Particularities of the Mediterranean area 
In the Mediterranean, the system of working groups is not yet well developed and 
analysis of the historical and probable future state of the stocks is often carried out 
within individual research institutes. Furthermore, the relatively diffuse nature of the 
sites at which fish are landed and the current absence of a log-book system in the 
Mediterranean gives rise to problems in collection of accurate statistics on landings 
and fishing effort and the research institutes devote considerable resources to this end. 
Market sampling and research vessel surveys are also carried out but sampling of 
discards on a routine basis is minimal. 
3.3.5 Economic and social analysis 
Up to date regular economic surveys are carried out only in a few Member States. 
Working groups on economic analysis do not exist. There is no Community wide 
organizational framework comparable to ICES. 
4. Costs of maintaining existing sampling schemes and associated analysis 
of data 
From the preceeding text it will be appreciated that for stocks in the North Atlantic, 
costs can be allocated to four major areas of activity. 
(a) Market sampling 
(b) Discard sampling 
(c) Research vessel surveys 
(d) Working groups for analysis of data 
In the Mediterranean, costs can be allocated to: 
(a) Market sampling 
(b) Research vessel surveys 
(c) Laboratory investigations 
(d) Collection and compilation of basic statistics 
4.1 Origin of the costs 
The costs of market sampling arise because appropriately trained staff often must be 
sent to fish markets from their home base in which case travel and per diem expenses 
are incurred in addition to salaries. Alternatively, part- or full-time staff may be 
employed on site. In either case, costs may also arise because fish sometimes need 
to be purchased to allow collection of the appropriate data. 
The costs of discard sampling are incurred because trained staff must be sent to sea 
on commercial fishing vessels. Salary, travel and per diem expenses are paid to the 
staff involved and, in some instances, the fishing vessels are paid for the 
inconvenience and added costs to them of the presence of scientific staff on board. 
The cost of research vessel surveys is high because it is intrinsically costly to own, 
maintain and operate a research vessel. In addition, salaries and per diem expenses 
of scientific staff manning the surveys must also be paid. 
Costs of analysing data arise from the requirement to carry out in-house data 
processing at national level., to convey national results to international organisations 
and to attend working groups and/or higher level committee meetings. Attendance at 
working groups incurs travel and per diem expenses. 
4.2 Specification of costs 
Tables 2 to 5 indicate the costs for all Member States combined of carrying out each 
of the specified activities indicated above on fish stocks in the North Atlantic, fable 
1 provides information on the total costs for all activities combined. The costs are 
defined by geographical area and by species or groups of species. 
The areas are those defined by ICES and reference should be made to Figure 1 for 
their geographical position. It should be noted that, in reality, many of the sampling 
schemes are directed to subdivions of the areas indicated in the Tables. This is 
especially true of area VII where separate sampling schemes exist for fish stocks in 
the the Irish Sea and Bristol Channel (VIIa,f), West of Ireland (VIIb,c), English 
Channel (VIId,e) and the Celtic Sea (VIIg,h,i,k). 
Within the groups of species, many individual species are sampled. For example, the 
"roundfish" group incorporates such species as cod, haddock, hake, saithe and 
whiting while "flatfish" incorporate plaice, sole and two species of megrim and 
"industrial species" include Norv/ay pout, sandeels and sprats. 
Fable 6 provides total costs to Member States of sampling in the Mediterranean. As 
indicated above, procedures in the analysis of the state of fish stocks in this area are 
somewhat different to those employed for the North Atlantic and costs have been 
specified accordingly. 
4.3 Distribution of costs between sampling activities 
The total cost to Member States of maintaining the existing data bases is 
approximately of 26 million Ecru (22 million for the North Atlantic and 4 million for 
the Mediterranean). Of this total, 53% is spent in performing research vessel surveys, 
23% is spent on market sampling, 2% is devoted to sampling discards and the 
remaining 18% is devoted to analytical procedures and attendance at meetings. 
In addition to the costs specifically referred to in this document, it should not be 
forgotten that at least a part of the costs of collection of data on total landings and 
fishing effort incurred by the fishery inspectorates of Member States should be 
allocated to the sampling schemes and associated data bases. Although the 
Commission does not possess specific data on such costs it is believed that a 
"guesstimate" of 5 million Ecu would be conservative in this respect. 
As already indicated in Section 3.2.4 of this report, it would be highly desirable to 
establish databases for economic analyses of the fisheries and the probable economic 
effects of the implementation of various conservation measures. A preliminary 
estimate of 5 million Ecu is probably appropriate. 
Thus, to maintain the existing sampling schemes requires expenditure of 30 million 
Ecu and to augment the existing databases with economic data will require total 
expenditure of 35 million Ecu. 
5. Multiannual prospectives for the development and maintenance of the 
databases within each Member State. 
One of the conclusions of the Council cited in Section 1 of this report specifically 
requests consideration to be given to these topics. However, it is difficult to be 
specific in the present circumstances. 
With respect to maintenance of the databases, it has already been made clear in 
Sections 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 of this report that Directors of research institutes and 
scientists directly involved with the sampling schemes believe that funding to support 
these schemes will be reduced in the foreseeable future. On this basis, unless some 
counteracting initiatives can be taken, there appears to be little prospect of 
development of the databases. On the contrary, and as stated previously, it appears 
that the quality of the databases will deteriorate. If this occurs, the quality of the 
advice available to the Commission will also deteriorate and hence the Commission's 
proposals with respect to the conservation of fish stocks will become increasingly 
insecure. 
In this context, it is also important to be aware that complete cessation of sampling 
of a stock in only one year will have effects which will persist for many following 
years. This is because the analytical procedures currently available demand a lengthy 
and continuous time series of data. Interruptions in the time series give rise to major 
problems for analysis. 
It is also important to maintain and, if possible and where necessary, to augment each 
of the national sampling schemes. Gears and practices employed by fishermen to 
catch fish from a given fish stock often differ between Member States and it is 
important that these differences are reflected within the databases. It is also necessary 
to maintain expertise in performing the required tasks within each Member State. 
6. Possible initiatives on the part of the Commission 
The Commission is by far the major customer of ICES and is also one of the major 
customers of the other international organisation indicated in Section 3.1 of this 
report. In the light of the present position, the Commission is considering possibilities 
for establishing financial assistance towards the performance of the relevant sampling 
schemes. 
The Commission wishes to make it clear that neither the existing budgets for studies 
nor any possible new budget are intended to support innovative research. The tasks 
supported are now, and will continue to be, those for which techniques are well 
understood and widely practised. The objective of the work is to enhance or maintain 
the provision of information of direct application to the implementation and support 
of the Common Fisheries policy. 
6.1 Budget implications 
6.1.1 Existing budget lines 
For 1993, there exist three budget lines for various study programmes in support of 
the Common Fisheries Policy. These are: 
B2 - 2303 - Mediterranean Studies - 3.0 MECU 
B2 - 2349 - Bioeconomic Studies - 4.3 MECU 
B2 - 2350 - Protection of Marine Species - 1.0 MECU 
Total - 8.3 MECU 
In addition to these specific budget lines funds are available for the proposed 
development and maintenance of the databases within the budget devoted to the 
Structural Policy, in particular funds allocated at present to exploratory fishing and/or 
modernisation of fishing vessels. 
6.1.2 Possibilities for the future 
Administratively , the simplest approach to provide the required budget for the 
maintenance and development of sampling schemes might be to allocate a specific 
budget for this purpose. 
An alternative way might be to consolidate and reallocate the existing budgets 
mentioned in section above. 
A part of the consolidated budget could be devoted to the maintenance and 
development of sampling. A guaranteed minimum part of this total consolidated 
budget could be devoted to studies in the Mediterranean, bioeconomic studies and the 
protection of marine species. A residual amount could be devoted to the same topics. 
The Commission is of the opinion that the latter procedure would not only allow 
support of the routine sampling activities but would also permit greater flexibility in 
funding the better quality proposals made under the currently existing budget lines for 
studies. 
6.. 1.3 Multi-annual basis 
The maintenance of the databases and the associated sampling programmes are 
continuous and long-term activities. Any interruption of such work might invalidate 
or at least make the existing time series less useful. 
For this reason it is paramount that any initiative to provide for a contribution from 
the Community towards the expenditure incurred by Member States will be on a 
multi-annual basis of at least five years. 
6.2 Probable method of distribution of the budget for sampling schemes. 
The Commission considers that the most appropriate way to distribute the budget 
would be by means of direct contract with the long-established fisheries institutes of 
Member States. These are experienced in performing the required activities and 
appropriately skilled personnel are immediately available. Ideally, the contract should 
be of more than one year duration to provide assurance that the sampling programmes 
will be continued, at least in the medium term. 
For market sampling and discard sampling, the contracts will specify the expected 
number of individuals to be measured and aged for each stock and fishing fleet to be 
sampled. 
For research vessel surveys the expected number of days at sea, the expected numbers 
of individuals of each sampled stock to be aged and measured will be specified. 
Costs of other activities such as data processing, attendance at working groups will 
also be considered for support. 
The Commission considers that assistance of the order of 20 to 30 % is appropriate. 
This implies that , based on the assumptions presented in Section 4, 7 to 10.5 MECU 
are required. 
6.3 Consequences of provision of financial support to sampling schemes 
If financial support is provided in the manner indicated above, it is implicit that 
Member States will have committed themselves to continuation of their sampling 
programmes for the duration of the contract. Furthermore, the Commission, having 
reviewed all proposals for contracts, may be in a position to suggest ways in which 
international collaboration may be improved to avoid unnecessary replication of work. 
The data collected within the contracts will , depending on the geographical areas, be 
made available to different data bases. Information concerning the areas traditionally 
covered by ICES will be made available to this organisation. For the Mediterranean 
area a regional data base will have to be established, probably co-financed by the 
Community. For the economic and social analysis a database will also have to be 
created. 
10 
7. Concluding comments 
The Commission seeks the approval of Council for this report and urges the Council 
to request proposals by the Commission to establish, on a mutiannual basis, precise 
budget conditions for the maintenance and, if possible, development of appropriate 
data bases within each Member State and the associated funding mechanisms, 
combining national and Community budget allocations. 
11 
Table 1: Total Cost ( r000 Ecu) of aJ I Specified 
Activities: in the North At 1 mit ic 
Roundfish 
Flatfish 
Anglers + 
Rays 
Sea Breams 
Herring 
Mackerel 
H.Mackerel 
B.whiting 
Sardine 
Anchovy 
Tunas 
Crustacea 
Molluscs 
Industrial 
Species 
Deep water 
Species 
Others 
All 
Unspecified 
TOTAL III 
1118 
63 
275 
80 
1536 3 
IV 
4728 
1988 
2246 
309 
308 
293 
9872 
Se< CES AE 
VI 
635 
12 
30 
136 
In 
IV 
160 
8 
981 
2 Note .EÀ 
VII 
2037 
1988 
268 
401 
682 
296 
4 
5676 
1 VIII 
+ IX 
456 
192 
287 
42 
563 
195 
312 
46 
290 
7 
161 
2551 All 
8974 
4243 
585 
42 
3058 
1554 
195 
312 
46 
1054 
377 
15 
161 
20614 
1207 
21823 
Note l: 1207Kecu are spent by one Member State in 
performing research vessel cruises and activities 
associated with working groups. This quantity has 
not been allocated to species or area. 
tl 
Tahiti 1.' Co:;l. ('<)()<) Ecu) of Market; Sampling in the North 
At: I ant i c 
Roundfish 
Flatfish 
Anglers + 
Rays 
Sea Breams 
Herring 
Mackerel 
H-Mackerel 
B.whiting 
Sardine 
Anchovy 
Tunas 
Crustacea 
Molluscs 
Industricjl 
Species 
Deep water 
.Spec i es 
Others 
All III 
359 
32 
69 
80 
540 ICES AREA 
IV VI VII 
953 
664 
190 
58 
186 
183 
2234 191 
11 
29 
7 3 
In 
IV 
119 
8 
431 757 
1011 
86 
109 
133 
124 
4 
2224 VIII 
+ IX 
105 
74 
89 
18 
136 
39 
13 
35 
27 
7 
3 8 
581 All 
2365 
1792 
204 
18 
441 
327 
39 
13 
35 
456 
267 
15 
38 
6010 
(3 
Table 3: Cost ('000 Ecu) of Discard Sampling in the North 
At 1 ant Lc 
Roundf i sh 
Flatfish 
Anglers + 
Rays 
Sea Breams 
Herring 
Mackerel 
H.Mackerel 
B.whiting 
Sardine 
Anchovy 
Tunas 
Crustacea 
Molluscs 
Industrial 
Species 
Deep water 
Species 
Others 
|A11 TIT 
6 
6 ICES AF 
TV VI 
29l) 
59 
61 
22 
437 6.1 
15 
76 tEh 
VII 
80 
39 
14 
7 
140 VIT I 
1 TX 
3 
3 
6 
3 
15 All 
44'; 
101 
20 
61 
47 
6 74 
«4-
Table 4: Cost ('000 Ecu) of Research Ver.se 1 Surveys in 
the North Atlantic 
Roundf ish 
Flatfish 
Anglers + 
Rays 
Sea Breams 
Herring 
Mackerel 
H-Mackerel 
B.whiting 
Sardine 
Anchovy 
Tunas 
Crustacea 
Molluscs 
Industrial 
Species 
Deep water 
Species 
Others 
|A11 ITT 
712 
2 7 
183 
922 ICES AREA 
IV VI VII 
3347 
1181 
1934 
216 
67 
57 
6802 346 
5 2 
In 
IV 
398 1099 
792 
161 
269 
529 
118 
2968 VIII 
» IX 
341 
109 
187 
24 
423 
154 
298 
255 
1 2 2 
1913 All 
58 4 5 
2109 
348 
24 
2438 
1168 
154 
298 
440 
57 
1 22 
13003 
/:> 
Table l> : Cost ('000 Ecu) of Working Croup:; dealing with 
fish stocks in the North Atlantic 
Roundfish 
Flatfish 
Anglers + 
Rays 
Sea Breams 
Herring 
Mackerel 
H.Mackerel 
B.whiting 
Sardine 
Anchovy 
Tunas 
Crustcicea 
Molluscs 
Industrial 
Specicis 
Deep water 
Species 
Others 
All III 
41 
4 
23 
68 1 
IV 
133 
84 
61 
35 
33 
53 
399 CES AF 
VI 
37 
1 
1 
1 1 
?? 
26 
76 iEA 
VII 
101 
146 
7 
23 
20 
47 
344 VIII 
I IX 
7 
6 
5 
4 
2 
1 
11 
5 
1 
42 All 
319 
241 
13 
1 1 8 
5 9 
2 
1 
11 
111 
53 
1 
929 
lb 
Table 6: Cost ('OOOecu) of Performing Routine Sampling 
Activities and Associated Analysis in the 
Mediterranean 
Species 
Demersal Work 
Pelagic 
ALL Market sampling 
Research surveys 
Laboratory analysis 
Statistics 
ALL 
Market sampling 
Research surveys 
Laboratory analysis 
Statistics 
ALL 
Bivalve 
Molluscs 
TOTAL Market sampling 
research surveys 
Laboratory sampling 
Statistics Cost 
164 
781 
663 
456 
2064 
115 
819 
555 
343 
1832 
ALL 279 
1600 
1218 
799 
3896 
140 
4036 
Notes: Demersal 
Pelagic all demersal species including hake, 
red mullet and red shrimp 
all pelagics large and small including 
sardine and anchovy 
Cost of fish purchase included with market 
sampling 
•> 
/ 
/. Figure i: 
Major Areas Defined J 
by ICES 
l* 
TSSN02S4-147'» 
COM(93) 501 final 
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EN 15 03 
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