(3)On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization officially declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic. It is a severe public health emergency for citizens, societies and economies. It is putting national health systems under severe strain, disrupting global supply chains, causing volatility in financial markets, triggering consumer demand shocks and having negative effects across various sectors. It is threatening people’s jobs, their incomes and companies’ business. It has delivered a major economic shock that is already having serious repercussions in the European Union. On 13 March 2020, the Commission adopted a Communication calling for a coordinated economic response to the crisis, involving all actors at national and Union level.

(2)The 2020 country report for Slovenia was published on 26 February 2020. It assessed Slovenia’s progress in addressing the country-specific recommendations adopted by the Council on 9 July 2019, the follow-up given to the recommendations adopted in previous years and Slovenia's progress towards its national Europe 2020 targets.

(1)On 17 December 2019, the Commission adopted the Annual Sustainable Growth Strategy, marking the start of the 2020 European Semester for economic policy coordination. It took due account of the European Pillar of Social Rights, proclaimed by the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission on 17 November 2017. On 17 December 2019, on the basis of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011, the Commission also adopted the Alert Mechanism Report, in which it did not identify Slovenia as one of the Member States for which an in-depth review would be carried out. On the same date, the Commission also adopted a recommendation for a Council recommendation on the economic policy of the euro area.

Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1466/97 of 7 July 1997 on the strengthening of the surveillance of budgetary positions and the surveillance and coordination of economic policies, and in particular Article 5(2) thereof,

(4)Several Member States have declared a state of emergency or introduced emergency measures. Any emergency measures should be strictly proportionate, necessary, limited in time, and in line with European and international standards. They should be subject to democratic oversight and independent judicial review.

(5)On 20 March 2020, the Commission adopted a Communication on the activation of the general escape clause of the Stability and Growth Pact. The clause, as set out in Articles 5(1), 6(3), 9(1) and 10(3) of Regulation (EC) 1466/97 and Articles 3(5) and 5(2) of Regulation (EC) 1467/97, facilitates the coordination of budgetary policies in times of severe economic downturn. In its Communication, the Commission shared with the Council its view that, given the expected severe economic downturn resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak, the current conditions permit activation of the clause. On 23 March 2020, the Ministers of Finance of the Member States agreed with the assessment of the Commission. The activation of the general escape clause allows for a temporary departure from the adjustment path towards the medium-term budgetary objective, provided that this does not endanger fiscal sustainability in the medium term. For the corrective arm, the Council may also decide, on a recommendation from the Commission, to adopt a revised fiscal trajectory. The general escape clause does not suspend the procedures of the Stability and Growth Pact. It allows Member States to depart from the budgetary requirements that would normally apply while enabling the Commission and the Council to undertake the necessary policy coordination measures within the framework of the Pact.

(6)Continued action is required to limit and control the spread of the pandemic, strengthen the resilience of the national health systems, mitigate the socio-economic consequences through supportive measures for business and households and to ensure adequate health and safety conditions at the workplace with a view to resuming economic activity. The Union should fully use the various tools at its disposal to support Member States’ efforts in those areas. In parallel, Member States and the Union should work together to prepare the measures necessary to get back to a normal functioning of our societies and economies and to sustainable growth, integrating inter alia the green transition and the digital transformation, and drawing all lessons from the crisis.

(7)The COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the flexibility that the single market offers to adapt to extraordinary situations. However, in order to ensure a swift and smooth transition to the recovery phase and the free movement of goods, services and workers, exceptional measures that prevent the single market from functioning normally must be removed as soon as they are no longer indispensable. The current crisis has shown the need for crisis preparedness plans in the health sector, which include in particular improved purchasing strategies, diversified supply chains and strategic reserves of essential supplies. They are key elements for developing broader crisis preparedness plans.

(8)The Union legislator has already amended the relevant legislative frameworks to allow Member States to mobilise all unused resources from the European Structural and Investment Funds so they can address the exceptional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Those amendments will provide additional flexibility, as well as simplified and streamlined procedures. To alleviate cash flow pressures, Member States can also benefit from a 100% co-financing rate from the Union budget in the 2020-2021 accounting year. Slovenia is encouraged to make full use of those possibilities to help the individuals and sectors most affected by the challenges.

(9)The socio-economic consequences of the pandemic are likely to be unevenly distributed across Slovene regions due to different specialisation and concentration patterns of economic activities. This entails a substantial risk of aggravating the already observed trend of widening disparities between the capital city and the rest of the country. Combined with the risk of a temporary unravelling of the convergence process between Member States, the current situation calls for targeted policy responses.

(10)On 30 April 2020, Slovenia submitted its 2020 National Reform Programme and its 2020 Stability Programme. In order to take account of their interlinkages, the two programmes have been assessed at the same time.

(11)Slovenia is currently in the preventive arm of the Stability and Growth Pact and subject to the debt rule.

(12)On 13 July 2018, the Council recommended Slovenia to ensure that the nominal growth rate of net primary government expenditure does not exceed 3,1% in 2019, corresponding to an annual structural adjustment of 0,65% of GDP. The Commission’s overall assessment confirms a significant deviation from the recommended adjustment path towards the medium-term budgetary objective in 2019 and over 2018 and 2019 taken together. However, in light of the activation of the general escape clause, further steps under the Significant Deviation Procedure for Slovenia are not warranted.

(13)In its 2020 Stability Programme, the government plans the headline balance to deteriorate from a surplus of 0,5% of GDP in 2019 to a deficit of 8,1% of GDP in 2020. After decreasing to 66,1% of GDP in 2019, the general government debt-to-GDP ratio is expected to increase to 82,4% of GDP in 2020 according to the 2020 Stability Programme. The macroeconomic and fiscal outlook is affected by high uncertainty due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

(14)In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and as part of a coordinated Union approach, Slovenia has adopted budgetary measures to increase the capacity of its health system, contain the pandemic, and provide relief to those individuals and sectors that have been particularly affected. According to the 2020 Stability Programme, those budgetary measures amounted to 4,4% of GDP. The measures include short-term work schemes for temporarily laid-off employees and the self-employed (2,3% of GDP), higher healthcare spending (0,5% of GDP), compensations for workers remaining in the workplace (0,4% of GDP), crisis bonus for public sector employees (0,4% of GDP), tax deferrals (0,4% of GDP) and financial aid for vulnerable groups (0,2% of GDP). In addition, Slovenia has announced measures that, while not having a direct budgetary impact, will contribute to support liquidity to businesses, which the 2020 Stability Programme estimates at 5,1% of GDP. Those measures include loan guarantees (4,8% of GDP), tax deferrals (0,2% of GDP) and exemption of social security contributions for the self-employed (0,1% of GDP). However, the Commission 2020 spring forecast considers all tax deferrals as liquidity measures without a negative budgetary impact in 2020. Overall, the measures taken by Slovenia are in line with the guidelines set out in the Commission Communication on a coordinated economic response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The full implementation of those measures, followed by a refocusing of fiscal policies towards achieving prudent medium-term fiscal positions when economic conditions allow, will contribute to preserving fiscal sustainability in the medium term.

(15)Based on the Commission 2020 spring forecast under unchanged policies, Slovenia’s general government balance is forecast at -7,2% of GDP in 2020 and -2,1% of GDP in 2021. The general government debt ratio is projected to reach 83,7% of GDP in 2020 and 79,9% of GDP in 2021.

(16)On 20 May 2020, the Commission issued a report prepared in accordance with Article 126(3) of the Treaty due to Slovenia’s planned breach of the 3% of GDP deficit threshold in 2020. Overall, the analysis suggests that the deficit criterion as defined in the Treaty and in Regulation (EC) No 1467/1997 is not fulfilled.

(17)Slovenia declared the COVID-19 epidemic on 12 March 2020 under its Communicable Disease Act and took public health measures to contain the spread of the virus. This included coordinating the respective roles of public health, primary and secondary care and other services, as well as introducing appropriate testing protocol. In parallel, Slovenia introduced strict confinement measures, while leaving food stores, pharmacies, banks, petrol stations and post offices open. The public health and confinement measures helped Slovenia in the first wave (March-May) to prevent the number of severely ill exceeding the capacity of the country's health system. Because of the confinement measures, many companies shut down temporarily or reduced their activities. In an open and export-oriented economy like Slovenia, disruptions in the supply chain and a reduced global demand for products have had a particularly strong impact on growth. Given the uncertainty regarding the economic development, many investment decisions in the private sector are being postponed. As transport and tourism, two of Slovenia’s most important sectors are expected to be the most affected with 70% drop in turnover in 2020, a very sharp fall in GDP is projected for 2020.

(18)By the end of April 2020, the authorities had adopted two packages of measures to counterbalance the COVID-19 shock. The first mitigation package, worth around EUR 3,1 billion equivalent to around 6,4% of GDP focuses primarily on protecting jobs and socially vulnerable groups. The state covers pay compensation, sick pay and social security contributions for temporary lay-offs as well as the pension insurance contributions for employees who remain in the workplace. To alleviate businesses and households’ liquidity constraints, the servicing of loans can be postponed for up to 12 months. The second package, worth some EUR 2 billion, equivalent to around 4,2% of GDP, mainly provides liquidity aid to companies. The package includes a state guarantee scheme via banks, that enable loans to be granted to large companies guaranteed by the state for up to 70% of the principal and loans to be granted to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) guaranteed for up to 80%. Deferring tax payments and exemption of social contributions, and speeding up contractual payments by public authorities, is to help businesses mitigating their problems with the liquidity and access to finance.

(19)With an increasing demand for health services at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, Slovenia faced challenges to ensure a sufficient healthcare capacity. The outbreak of the virus has revealed structural problems in health system. For instance, the relatively low density of doctors is an additional challenge in fighting the epidemic. It is therefore important to recruit more trained health workers, protect their working conditions and employ them where needs are greatest. Deployment of diagnostics, tests and e-health tools that enable follow-up and telemedicine is crucial. Targeted research and innovative solutions are also important to help the public health services collect and use anonymised data for making informed decisions. The crisis underlines the need to protect the financing capacity of the health and long-term care systems, which are both pending structural reforms. The timely adoption and implementation of a new Health Care and Health Insurance Act, broadening the financial sources of the health system, and developing financial buffers, will mitigate the fluctuation of financial resources during the economic cycle. The lack of a long-term care act has limited Slovenia’s ability to fight the COVID-19 outbreak in the most affected care settings. As the elderly, people with disabilities and people with chronic diseases have an increased risk of severe illness due to the virus, further significant efforts are necessary to ensure quality long-term care services, well integrated with health services.

(20)The health and economic crisis caused by COVID-19 has put unprecedented pressure on Slovenia’s labour market and social protection system. According to the Commission forecast, unemployment is expected to rise to 7% in 2020 and recover to 5.1% in 2021. To curb the rapid increase in unemployment in the most affected sectors, Slovenia has adopted a comprehensive policy response that combine preventive measures with measures intended to facilitate the fast re-entry of workers in the labour market. Key policy responses, made in consultation with the social partners, should focus on achieving a sustained and equitable recovery by strengthening existing active labour market policies and employment retention schemes, including short-time work schemes, and introducing other time-bound support for businesses, such as wage subsidies and exemptions from social security contributions. These measures would help lessen income losses for all workers, including those in non-standard employment, as well as the self-employed. Flexible working arrangements, including flexibility in working place (e.g. teleworking provisions), flexibility in working time (e.g. flexitime provisions) and flexibility in work organisations (e.g. company in-house services) may significantly sustain employment during lockdowns and when economic activity resumes. Nurturing the entrepreneurial spirit will be crucial for restarting the economy and making the necessary adjustments after the crisis. It is therefore particularly important to support the self-employed by reducing the administrative burden and financial disadvantages compared to employees.

(21)To mitigate the social impact of this crisis, it is essential that Slovenia continues to provide an adequate package of social benefits. For this, it will be necessary to monitor the effects of the crisis on poverty regularly. Special attention should be payed to the elderly, and in particular women, for whom the at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rates were higher than the EU average already before the crisis. The amendment to the pension legislation, adopted by the National Assembly in November 2019, is expected to improve the adequacy of pensions for new pensioners, while current pensioners, including those at or below the poverty line, will not benefit from it. Additional financial assistance offered to the organisations working on the front lines would ensure that the COVID-19 pandemic does not disproportionately affect people at risk of social exclusion and that they have their basic needs met, such as daily meals and health-care.

(22)Liquidity measures were introduced for businesses in April 2020, but there are still viable businesses such as smaller innovative and high-growth firms whose bank credit ratings are not yet sufficiently well established to entitle them to the aforementioned loan guarantees via banks. Improved access to alternative finance, including equity financial instruments (e.g. venture capital) might be necessary, particularly in countries like Slovenia where equity markets are underdeveloped. Slovenia’s existing equity capital tools could be a means to channel relief funds to those businesses that are successfully exiting from the crisis, such as innovative SMEs, start-ups and scale-ups, as planned by other Member States. Applying the safeguards provided for in EU rules will ensure that these injections will not adversely affect companies’ efficiency or economic competition.

(23)The COVID-19 crisis has severely affected the capacity of otherwise viable businesses and households to pay their bills. If no action was taken, a large part of the private sector would face insolvency. Among its liquidity measures for businesses, the Slovenian government introduced a 12-month moratorium on the repayment of performing bank loans for the non-financial corporations and households. The efficiency and effectiveness of this and similar measures need to be carefully assessed and monitored. Any adverse effect of the measures should also be remedied quickly, so that financial stability is ensured at all times.