7. Liability for defective products
A5-0061/2000
European Parliament resolution on the Commission Green Paper ‘Liability for defective products’
(COM(1999) 396 Tdash C5-0184/1999 Tdash 1999/2158(COS))
The European Parliament,
xdash having regard to the Commission Green Paper (COM(1999) 396 xdash C5-0184/1999),
xdash having regard to Articles 95 and 153 of the EC Treaty,
xdash having regard to Rule 47(1) of its Rules of Procedure,
xdash having regard to Council Directive 85/374/EEC of 25 July 1985 on the approximation of the laws,
regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning liability for defective pro-
ducts (1),
xdash having regard to its opinion of 5 November 1998 (2) and its Decision of 23 March 1999 (3) with a
view to the adoption of a European Parliament and Council Directive amending the abovementionedCouncil Directive 85/374/EEC,
xdash having regard to the report of the Committee on Legal Affairs and the Internal Market and the opi-
nion of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Policy (A5-0061/2000),
A. whereas Member States were required to comply with Directive 85/374/EEC no later than 31 July
1988,
B. whereas Articles 15(3), 16(2) and 21 of the Directive imposed reporting requirements upon the Com-
mission,
C. whereas the Green Paper is intended to prepare a report on the application of the Directive,
D. whereas revision of Directive 85/374/EEC may open the way towards greater harmonisation,
1. Is of the opinion that any revision of the Product Liability Directive needs to be based on clearly
established factual evidence;
2. Calls on the Commission to collect factual evidence not only by asking concerned parties, but also by
applying scientific methods and by involving the academic community and civil society;
3. Believes in this respect that extensive use should be made of European Parliament and Council Deci-
sion No 372/1999/EC adopting a programme of Community action on injury prevention in the frame-work for action in the field of public health (1999 to 2003) (
4) in order to collect relevant data on personal
injuries due to defective products;
4. Suggests that research projects appropriate for this area of the law at the interface of fault-based
corrective justice and no-fault liability based on a principle of redistribution of risk could be launched;
recalls that in relation to the law of obligations, valuable work has been achieved by various initiatives
such as the Lando Commission and the ‘European Centre on Tort and Insurance Law’ ( ‘Europäisches Zentrum
für Schadenersatz- und Versicherungsrecht’ ) in Vienna;
(1) OJ L 210, 7.8.1985, p. 29; amended by European Parliament and Council Directive 1999/34/EC of 10 May 1999
(OJ L 141, 4.6.1999, p. 20).
(2) OJ C 359, 23.11.1998, p. 25.
(3) OJ C 177, 22.6.1999, p. 28.
(4) OJ L 46, 20.2.1999, p. 1.C 378/88 EN 29.12.2000 Official Journal of the European Communities
Thursday 30 March 2000
5. Takes the view that further development of product liability law could be a good starting point for a
process of reflection on the possibility and desirability of deeper harmonisation of private law in market-relevant domains;
6. Recommends that if any sound factual evidence obtained as a result of the evaluation of the effects of
the Product Liability Directive suggests a pressing need for early legislative action the Commission shouldsubmit appropriate legislative proposals as soon as possible; further recommends that European Commun-ity legislators should in any event engage in a broad dialogue and review concerning development ofEuropean law on Product Liability, even if no immediate action is shown to be required on the basis ofthe Green Paper and responses to it;
7. Is of the opinion that any dialogue commenced in response to the foregoing recommendation should
include careful consideration of aspects of the Directive which have given rise to expressions of concern inParliament during the recent consultation and debate, including particularly:
xdash the issue of burden of proof and other procedural devices such as those that make it easier for an
injured party to have access to information and documents in the possession of the maker or supplierof the product alleged to have caused damage,
xdash exceptions to strict product liability, especially concerning ‘development risk’,
xdash the exclusion of liability for damage caused in the course of professional or commercial use of pro-
ducts that are also in general use as consumer products,
xdash the appropriateness of the currently imposed time-limits on liability, having regard, for example, to
the problem of latent defects whose injurious effects become apparent only after a long interval oftime,
xdash the categories of damage covered by product liability (for example, psychological as well as physical
injury),
xdash the approach of Courts to quantification of damages in product liability litigation as contrasted with
their approach in cases of civil liability based on fault,
xdash the appropriateness of lower and upper money limits for liability in damages,xdash relevant problems of access to justice;
8. Takes the view that food safety can be best achieved by the adoption, adaptation and application of
legal instruments containing production, labelling and tracing requirements; notes that the Product Liability
Directive can have only a very limited protective effect;
9. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission and the parliaments
of the Member States.
8. Electricity
A5-0078/2000
European Parliament resolution on Electricity from renewable energy sources and the internal
electricity market (SEC(1999) 470 Tdash C5-0342/1999 Tdash 2000/2002(COS))
The European Parliament,
xdash having regard to the Commission working document (SEC(1999) 470 xdash C5-0342/1999) (1),
xdash having regard to the Competition and Environment Titles of the Treaties, as revised by the Amsterdam
Treaty,
(1) See also SEC(1999) 711.29.12.2000 EN C 378/89 Official Journal of the European Communities
Thursday 30 March 2000