COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
Brussels, 13.07.1995 
COM(95) 342 final 
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION 
TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 
ON 
Demonstration Of Interworking Via Optical Networks 
Summary Of Results 

Demonstration of Interworking Via Optical Networks 
Summary Of Results 
The European Parliament took in 1992 the initiative to stimulate the demonstration of 
Optical Communications in the Community by helping interconnect broadband technology 
trials, such as "Broadband Islands", and High Performance Computer Centres in different 
Member States. This initiative was based on the R&D work already undertaken within the 
Third Framework Programme of Community Research and Technology Development 
(1990-1994). 
This initiative has paved the way for the Trans-European Networks, Integrated Broadband 
Communications (TEN-IBC) by complementing the already significant work done within 
the Member States and through the framework of Union RDT Programmes. 
Broadband Islands have emerged in all European countries - stimulated either by national 
initiatives, or through the RACE1 Programme - and have created an extended European 
platform for cooperation towards IBC. They contributed significantly to the development 
of advanced telecommunications equipment, services, and applications, such as high speed 
switching and transmission systems. Most Broadband Islands-are the results of joint efforts 
of researchers, industry and network operators. 
For achieving this stimulation, the European Commission launched a call2 for expression of 
interest open to any center of excellence in high performance computing or 
communications. This call resulted in four projects3 running for a period up to 12 months. 
These projects offered broadband services, including multimedia and multi-party 
cooperative working- The financial support provided by the Union was applied only to part 
of operational costs of interworking incurred within the Member States, i.e. 
communications charges and specialized equipment within the provisions of the budget 
available (4 MEcus) for this action. 
These projects were 
Isabel that interconnected broadband islands between Spain and Portugal, 
Tironet that interconnected broadband islands between Northern Ireland and the Republic 
of Ireland, 
Betel whose objective was to interconnect sites in France and Switzerland, and 
H PC-Vision that linked sites between France and Germany. 
The projects were operating during the year 1993. The apppended technical document 
details the projects organization. At the end of their work projects were evaluated by 
independent Auditors. Auditors stated that the results were an "interesting and significant 
demonstration, especially in view of the limited budget and limited time span under which 
that had to be managed." 
^ACE: Research and Technology Development in Advanced Communications Technologies in Europe. 
2OJ.. No C219, 26.8.1992. p. 11 
3 Commission Decision E/l 848/92, 30.11.1992 and E/2106/92, 22.12.1992. 
1 
were facing and the means they used to overcome them. The projects also provided inputs 
to some RACE nmon Functional Specifications. By focusing on interconnecting 
Broadband Islanc :ring this relatively short time period, the projects built expensively on 
already existing ...nievements stemming from other programmes or initiatives. In 
particular, one must mention: 
• Broadband Islands, such a. RIA (Portugal) and RECIBA (Spain), developed by the 
Network Operators in part with the help of some RACE projects. 
• Broadband applications, such as ESPRIT Project VIMP. 
• Experimental Pilot Projects, such as RACE Project TIM and DELTA Project EAST. 
• Existing networks, such a Metropolitan Area Network in Dublin and the STAR4 
network in Belfast. 
• Existing products and prototypes, such as high-speed switches (ATM and routers). 
The initiative helped develop a telecommunications service infrastructure and form a basis 
for the promotion and the expansion of broadband communications: operators, users and 
manufacturers have used the broadband platforms for real life testing. For example, the 
projects offered the first trans-national ATM based services with a relevant impact on the 
development of the future European Information Infrastructure. 
Projects have implemented on a trial basis a wide array of already existing or adapted 
broadband applications. These broadband applications might form in a near future the basis 
for providing broadband communications to end-users. These are: 
• Video conferencing. 
• Audio-video mail facility. 
• Electronic white board. 
• Shared data processing performed by High Performance Computing systems. 
• Remote provision of super computing facilities. 
• Vision based on line inspection of manufactured parts. 
• Cooperative working. 
• Robotics applications. 
• Multimedia desktop conferencing. 
• Distance learning by sharing classes in remote locations. 
As a result of the initiative, broadband users have had the opportunity to experiment a large 
number of broadband applications from various organizations, providing them an early 
opportunity to understand the benefits they will draw from IBC applications, thus creating a 
future * em and pull for IBC. 
The experience gained by the Public Network Operators (PNO) through interworking for 
solving user specified applications has strengthened their knowledge on the opportunities 
offered by similar broadband applications. They also had a better understanding on 
technic ;ssues in distributed broadband applications over high bandwidth links, for 
exampl lefine billing rules for ATM *.; -vices. While feedback from users was of direct 
\\i:ue fc PNOs future developments, _;e impact on the European market was indirect, 
through gration of the experience gained by the PNOs in their own developments. The 
Special Telecommunication Action for Regional Development: the objective of the STAR Programme was to improve 
the telecommunication infrastructure capable of hosting advanced telecommunication services. 
projects output, if correctly exploited, can thus strongly contribute to European cohesion 
and competitiveness. 
Manufacturers of cross-connects, routers and other terminal equipment-have been able to 
test their equipment in real life usage conditions. In addition, they have collaborated with 
operators to define the quality of service parameters relevant to broadband facilities. 
Building on these achievements, most projects have decided to pursue their venture by 
offering their infrastructure to research projects in the RACE framework and the Trans-
European Networks ~ Integrated Broadband Communications (TEN-IBC) initiative. By 
doing so, they offer the opportunity to build on the expertise developed in experimenting 
broadband communications across Europe. In addition, they offer a platform for real life 
experiments, that are key for understanding the issues in deploying broadband applications. 
They are further investigating the opportunity to participate to the broad task of 
interconnecting the ACTS5 National Hosts. 
* Specific Programme for research and technological development in the field of Advanced Communications 
Technologies and Services. 

Technical Annex 

Executive Summary 
Acknowledgment 
the Fiber Interconnection Initiative 
The Context 
Key Results 
Achievements 
Who Benefited? 
What Did We Learn? 
Detailed Infrastructure and Achievements 
Physical Coverage of the Projects 
Projects Achievements 
12001 - Isabel 
12002 - Tironet 
12003 - Betel 
12004 - HPC Vision 
Press References, Demonstrations, and Publications 
Participating Organizations 
List of Major Deliverables 
£ 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 
In the last few years, there has been a high growth in the installation of optical fiber cables 
all over Europe, providing a large transmission capacity. This will lead to a great 
improvement of services offered to users as this capacity will allow networks to carry 
multimedia applications. 
The RACE Programme (Research and Technology Development in Advanced 
Communications in Europe) has been developing the technology that would made this 
possible. Before this technology is made available for deployment, it is required to test if 
the applications and equipment from different sources (Network operators, vendors, and 
users) interwork. 
The European Parliament took in 1992 the initiative to stimulate this demonstration. The 
European Commission launched a call for proposal that resulted in four trans-European 
projects offering broadband services, including multimedia and multi-party cooperative 
working. 
The initiative helped develop a telecommunications service infrastructure and form a basis 
for the promotion and the expansion of broadband communications: operators, users and 
manufacturers have used the broadband platforms for real life testing, and the initiative has 
implemented on a trial basis a wide array of broadband applications. For example, the 
projects offered the first trans-European ATM based services with a relevant impact on the 
development of the future European Information Infrastructure. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 
This report has been prepared with the elp of the four projects involv. in the Fiber 
Interconnection initiative. Further technical information is available from the project 
managers: 
Project Project Manager 
12001 
12002 
12003 
12004 Mr. Pedro Luis Chas Alonso 
Telefonica I+D 
Emilio Vargas, 6 
Madrid, 28043 
Spain 
Email: plchas@tid.es 
Mr. Fred Rix 
British Telecom Northern Ireland 
Churchill House, 20-30 Victoria Street 
Belfast, BT14BA 
United Kingdom 
Email: Fred.Rix@btplc.bsb56.gold400.gb 
M. Jalal Samain 
France Télécom Expertel 
25 rue des jeûneurs 
Paris, 75002 
France 
Email: Europe@altem.com 
Prof. Ernest Hirsch 
Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg-! 
Boulevard Sebastien Brant 
Dlkirch Graffenstaden, 67400 
France 
Email: hirsch@andromede.u-strasbg.fr 
THE FIBER INTERCONNECTION INITIATIVE 
• Demonstrate 
* Provide 
• Address 
* Capture a pilot action to show the potential for effective 
broadband communications based on optical Fiber 
a solid foundation of European collaborative 
research experience 
the issues of interoperability and interworking of 
networks 
the attention of major sector actors 
In a specific action, the European Parliament took the initiative to stimulate the 
demonstration of optical fiber-based communications for illustrating the interworking 
between centres of excellence. This action was to be seen in the context of preparing for 
the Trans-European Broadband Networks. 
The scope of the action was to financially participate in interconnection costs among IBC 
Islands and High Performance Computer Centers to advance the capability of interworking 
of these sites and to contribute to common functional specification for trans-European 
network operation following international standards. 
The Commission prepared and launched a call for proposal for interested parties willing to 
participate12. Participation was open to any center of excellence in high performance 
computing or communications. Contracts were awarded, for a period up to 12 months, on 
the basis of competitive bidding of consortia of at least two centers, independent of each 
other and established in different Member States, wishing to demonstrate interworking via 
optical fibre networks. The financial support provided by the Union was applied only to 
part of operational costs of interworking incurred within the Member States, i.e. 
communications charges and specialized equipment within the provisions of the budget 
available (4 MEcus) to this action. 
Four projects participated: 
12001 Isabel 
12002 Tirontt 
12004 HPC-Viston 
Interworking and interoperability of networks and services are a prerequisite for the pan-
European telecommunications infrastructure. This initiative intended to prepare for the 
Trans-European Broadband Networks by complementing the already significant work done 
^J., No C219. 26/08/92 
2 Commission Decisions: C(92) 2910,30/11/92 and C(92) 3309, 22/12/92 
/ 
within the Member States and through the framework of Community Programmes. 
Testbeds for Integrated Broadband Communications (IBC) and High Performance 
Computing (HPC) will benefit from interworking on a Community level. "Broadband 
Islands" have emerged in all Europea :>untries, stimulated either by national initiatives, or 
through the RACE Programme. RA_£ has created an extended European platform for 
cooperation towards IBC and has significantly contributed to the development of advanced 
telecommunications equipment, services, and applications, such as ATM systems, 
transmission systems, etc. Practically all islands are the results of joint efforts of 
researchers, industry and public network operators. 
This action has improved the conditions for testing and analyzing the impact of the new 
services, applications or end-systems in the networks, and has contributed to the 
development of fibre connectivity and produced an organizational structure to promote and 
expand the use of broadband communications. 
THE CONTEXT 
The projects were operating during the year 1993. By focusing on interconnecting 
Broadband Islands during this relatively short time period, the projects built extensively on 
already existing achievements stemming from other programmes or initiatives. In 
particular, one must mention: 
• Broadband Islands, such as RIA and RECITA, developed by the Network Operators 
in part with the help of some RACE projects. 
• Broadband applications, such as ESPRIT Project P2091-VIMP. 
• Experimental Pilot Projects, such as RACE Project R2078-TIM and DELTA Project 
D2016-EAST. 
• Existing networks, such a MAN in Dublin and the STAR3 network in Belfast. 
• Existing products and prototypes, such as ATM cross-connects and Routers. 
Due to their high involvement in addressing interconnection issues, the projects participated 
heavily in the RACE concertation process where projects contribute by exchanging 
technical information on the issues they are facing and the means they use to overcome 
them. They exchanged valuable information within the RACE Project Line 8, Test 
Infrastructure and Interworking. Through this concertation process, they also provided 
inputs to some RACE Common Functional Specifications. 
The Commission Services monitored the projects' progress through Monthly Management 
Reports and ad-hoc contacts as needed. At the end of their work projects were evaluated 
by independent Auditors. Auditors noied in their report that results were viewed as an 
"interesting and significant demonstration, especially in view of the limited budget and 
limited time span under which that had to be managed " 
KEY RESULTS 
Achievements 
The Initiative helped develop a telecommunications service infrastructure and form a basis 
for the promotion and the expansion of broadband communications: operators, users and 
3 Special Tciecommunicaiion Action for Regional Development: the objective of the STAR programme was to ircprove 
the telecommunication infrastructure capable of hosting advanced telecommunication services 
manufacturers have used the broadband platforms for real life testing, and the initiative has 
implemented on a trial basis a wide array of applications. These are: 
• Video conferencing. 
• Audio-video mail facility. 
• Electronic white board. 
• Shared data processing performed by High Performance Computing systems. 
• Remote provision of super computing facilities. 
• Vision based on line inspection of manufactured parts. 
• Cooperative working. 
• Robotics applications. 
• Demonstration and transfer of technology. 
• Multimedia desktop conferencing. 
• Distance learning by sharing classes in remote locations. 
Who Benefited? 
Users have had the opportunity to experiment various networking arrangements leading to 
a greater network efficiency. A key element of the Initiative was the large number of 
applications from various organizations. Users have had an early opportunity to understand 
the benefits they will draw from IBC applications, thus creating a future demand pull for 
mc. 
Public Network Operators have drawn lessons on the usage of the new infrastructure. 
The traffic patterns have been analyzed and studied to .understand the behavior of 
broadband traffic. Improvements, enhancements, adaptations and administrations of a 
broadband trans-European service are results of the Initiative. 
Manufacturers of cross-connects, routers and other terminal equipment have been able to 
test their equipment in real life usage conditions. In addition, they have collaborated with 
operators to define the quality of service parameters relevant to broadband facilities. 
What Did We Learn? 
The experience gained in distributed applications over high bandwidth links can be used by 
the Public Network Operators, for example to define invoicing rules for ATM services. 
Thus, feedback to the public network operators is of value for their future developments. 
Impact on the European market is however only indirect, through integration of the 
experience gained by the Public Network Operators in their own developments. The 
projects output, if correctly exploited by the public network operators, can thus strongly 
contribute to European cohesion and competitiveness. 
Also, the experience gained through interworking with the concerned Operators for solving 
user specified applications can strengthen their cooperation with respect to similar end-user 
defined applications. Since most projects included public network operators as participants, 
their experience was readily applicable. However as pointed out by a project, one of the 
major difficulties appeared to be the linkage between the PNOs, and the user specific 
requirements. This was particularly true with respect to services and tarification. Technical 
problems, as experienced within the project, were fortunately marginal. 
DETAILED INFRASTRUCTURE AND ACHIEVEMENTS 
Physical Coverage of the Projects 
75 
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Figure 2: Geographical Coverage • 
12001 - /jflfeg/ 
Isabel has interconnected two existing IBC islands, RIA in Aveiro (Portugal) and RECIBA 
in Madrid (Spain) in two successive steps. 
* The first step made available two 2 Mbit/s links from the beginning of the project. 
• The second step consisted in the introduction of ATM in the two islands, 
transporting the ATM cells through a plesiochronous link working at 34 Mbit/s. 
J2QQ2 - Tmnet 
Tironet has implemented a broadband service connection between a Metropolitan Area 
Network in Dublin and an SDH network in Northern Ireland, based on the existing optical 
infrastructure, with enhancements to existing nodes to ensure a minimum throughput of 4 
Mbit/s. British Telecom Northern Ireland owns the optical link to the South and was 
responsible for the transnational link. The link had a minimum capacity of 4 Mbit/s with a 
further increase to 34 Mbit/s. 
Betel has established a 34 Mbit/s cross-connect platform over trans-European borders. This 
platform has interconnected FDDI LANs in Geneva, Lyon and Sophia-Antipolis. A 
Connectionless Broadband Data Service was provided and each end te ^ninal connected to 
BETEL usir a E. 164 addressing scheme. 
IQQfLML Mm 
HPC-Visioi nas set-up a 34 Mbit/s link over trans-I opean borders using existing 
facilities between Strasbourg and Karlsruhe. The projec, nas used the connection to join 
existing systems installed in both locations. 
Projects Achievements 
1200J - Isabel 
Data 
Data 
ATM over PDH 
34Mb/s 
Multimedia 
The Isabel project has interconnected two IBC islands, RECIBA from Telefonica in Madrid 
(Spain), and RIA from Telecom Portugal in Aveiro (Portugal) using ATM over PDH at 34 
Mbit/s. 
As a main objective, the project has verified the interworking between two different ATM 
technologies. The RIA island is equipped with an Alcatel cross-connect, while the 
RECIBA island is equipped with a cross-connect developed by Telefonica. From the 
terminals, access was done through an Ethernet LAN and a router. 
Two bearer services were supported on top of ATM: LAN interconnection and circuit 
emulation at 2 Mbit/s. Isabel mixes different technologies, N-ISDN and ATM over PDH 
transport networks. The two Broadband Islands are interconnected by optical fiber. They 
are directly managed by the R&D Centers of Telecom Portugal and Telefonica, thus 
ensuring a smooth interconnection. 
The Isabel network, first phase, has been used during the BRAIN Summer school in July 
1993, while the second phase, operational since December 1993, will be used for the 1994 
edition of this Summer school. This infrastructure supports two major types of broadband 
applications: Cooperative working and distance learning 
-— 
Participants: 
Telefonica I+D 
Çentro de Estudos de Telecomunicaçôes 
$ 
12002 - Tironet 
To rost of Europe 
To rMt of Europe HRONET's principal objective was to put 
in place a network facility open for a 
growing body of users and applications. To 
achieve this general growth and expansion, 
RONET has established an ongoing 
conference of users and PNOs, the 
Advanced Telecommunications Users 
Conference (ATUC). The ATUC has 
mapped out a strategy for the development 
of both the infrastructure and the value 
added services and applications using that 
infrastructure. 
The project has demonstrated the first 
transborder connection between Belfast and 
Dublin. On this network, Tironet has 
performed the following experiments: 
• Two services: 
* One Service 
Development 
•Two 
Experimental 
Pilots Provision of a super computing facility by a university in Belfast 
to application users in Dublin. 
Provision of shared full text and multimedia electronic 
documents (journals, etc.) by three university libraries involved 
in the consortium, with the possibility of extending this to other 
universities in the British Isles and the European mainland. 
Application of desktop conferencing technology to the 
cooperative development of multimedia materials. 
The Tourism Information and Marketing (TIM) project in 
RACE involves the tourist board from both the Republic of 
Ireland and Northern Ireland, and the availability of this 
broadband connection will provide an excellent opportunity for 
a TIM trial between these two organisations. 
The Educational Access and Support Tools (EAST) project in 
DELTA is developing a set of tools for accessing, interrogating 
and managing ultimedia databases of educational me -rial. 
Two of the universities in TIRONET are involved in t project 
and will use the network connection for testing and evaluating 
the use of share, educational resources. 
Fart inants: 
Univ. y of Ulster 
Britis. decom Northern Ireland 
University College Dublin 
Nynex Media Communications Ltd 
Queens University Belfast 
Telecom Eireann 
Univ; • College Dublin 
MAI rthem Ireland Country 
United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 
Ireland 
United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 
Ireland 
Ireland 
United Kingdom 
; 
12003 - Betel 
IN2P3 (Lyon) ATM 
Cross-connect 
CERN (Geneva) 
34 Mbps 
Eurécom (Sophia Antipolis) 
The Betel project has demonstrated multimedia applications with high data rate 
transmission over optical fiber links. The optical platform was between Geneva (CH), 
Lausanne (CH), Sophia Antipolis (F) and Lyon (F). 
The project was based on a trans-European broadband cross-connect infrastructure, using 
asynchronous techniques with a connection oriented facility. This connection has been the 
first international network using ATM technology. The BETEL project experimented 
broadband techniques, providing a significant advance for understanding the broadband 
issues. 
The project has used existing products. It has build a 34 Mbit/s cross-connect trans 
European platform with the following main objectives: 
• to test a cross-connect platform for trans-border links, 
• to support suitable multimedia applications, such as Tele-teaching or Physics 
Analysis Workstation, 
• to give a broadband access to high computing resources, and 
• to test asynchronous transfer techniques. 
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de 
Physique des Particules 
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 
Institut Eurécom 
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 
France Télécom Expertel 
Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Nucléaires 
Alcatel CIT Country 
France 
Switzerland 
France 
Switzerland 
France 
Switzerland 
France 
ih 
12004-HPC Vision 
Inspection robot and Partial Vision System (Karlsruhe) 
Vision 
System 
(reatuie 
Interpretation) 
Partial Vision System and Control (Strasbourg) 
The project has interconnected two vision .ystems based on parallel systems (e.g. 
specialized processors and transputer networks), thus extending the availability of 
distributed vision systems. The data transfer was done through a trans-national optical 
network with a rate high enough to be compatible with real time applications. Also, 
friendly man-machine interfaces hid the network characteristics of the system allowing 
users to use the system as a whole. This approach opens the doors for new applications 
through cooperation of two geographically distributed systems, and intensifies the common 
research activities of the partners. 
The distributed system was also open to industries of the partners' regions, in the 
framework of a border crossing demonstration and transfer of technology for the industrial 
application of computer vision. The existence of a public optical link between the project 
partners and the commitment of the regional telecommunication agencies of the partners' 
countries to provide the required transfer rate of 34 Mbit/s has greatly facilitated the 
extension of the existing distributed systems using local networks (e.g. FDDI) to a larger 
public networked system 
The existing applications used and adapted were the following: 
• Set-up of a distributed high computing power parallel structure based on transputers 
for computer vision applications. 
• Vision-based on-line inspection of manufactured parts. 
• Robotics applications. 
• Set-up of a geographically distributed demonstration and transfer of technology 
center for vision applications. 
Participants: Country 
Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg-I 
Fraunhofer Institut - DTB France 
Germany 
Press References, Demonstrations, and Publications 
• Public Network, December 1993 / January 1994. 
• Communications Week International, September 20,1993 
• Internet Society newsletter, October 7,1993, Olivief Martin, International IP connectivity 
at 34 Mbps" 
• Demonstration at Interop Europe exhibition, Paris, October 23-27, 1993. 
• SMDS conference, Amsterdam, November 22, 1993, Olivier Martin, BETEL" 
• The Packet, Cisco Magazine, January 1994. 
• Broadband Islands Conference, Athens, June 15-16, 1993; An Overview of RECIBA, RIA, 
and Isabel. 
• Advanced Telecommunications Users Conference Event, University College Dublin, May 
18, 1993 
• Summer School on Advanced Telecommunications, Aveiro, July 1993 
• Communication^ exhibition, Dublin, 12-14 October 1993. 
• Demonstration of Interworking Via Optical Networks, Proceedings of Broadband Islands, 
Athens, 1993, Elsevier 
-?f 
Participating Organizations 
Project Participants: Country 
Isabel Telefonica I+D Spain 
Centro de Estudos de Telecomunicaçôes Pom: :.il 
Tironet University of Ulster United Kingdom 
British Telecom Northern Ireland United Kingdom 
University College Dublin Ireland 
Ny;;:x Media Communications Ltd United Kingdom 
Queens University Belfast United Kingdom 
Telecom Eireann Ireland 
University College Dublin Ireland 
MARI Northern Ireland United Kingdom 
Betel Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de France 
Physique des Particules 
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland 
Institut Eurécom France 
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland 
France Télécom Expertel France 
Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Nucléaires Switzerland 
Alcatel Cn France 
HPC-Vision Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg-I France 
Fraunhofer Institut - IITB Germany 
List of Major Deliverables 
The projects prepared and delivered a number of Deliverables describing specifications, 
project plans and achievements. The most significant Deliverables are listed below. 
ISABEL Specification of the interconnection 
Services and applications 
Evaluation report on the interconnection of 
the two broad band islands 
Final report on co-operative working 
Final report on distance education 
TIRONET Implemented Network 
Implemented Application 
Evaluation Report 
TIM Application Pilot Specification 
Interoperability Test Report 
Evaluation Report 
BETEL Demonstrator Specifications 
i Primary Testing Report _____ 
HPC Vision Report on the Implemented Distributed 
Structure 
Report on the Implemented Applications 
7* 
ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(95) 342 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 16 15 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-95-373-EN-C 
ISBN 92-77-91746-6 
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg