ARCHIVESHISTORIQUES
DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEEDES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(80)269
Vol.1980/0102

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(80)269 final.
Brussels,20thMay1980
Openingofnegotiations fortheaccessionof
theRepublicofZimbabwetotheACP-EEC
Convention ofLomé
(Communication fromtheCommissiontothe
Council)
irfi«ç^\%7H
COM(80)269final.

ACCESSION OFTHEREPUBLIC OFZIMBABWE TOTHEACP-EEC CONVENTION OFLOME
(Commission Communication totheCouncil ontheopeningofnegotiations )
y
1. On18ApriltheRepublic ofZimbabwe madeaformalrequest
foraccession tothesecond LomeConvention .,
Therequest wasformally approved bytheACP-EECCouncilof
Ministers atitsmeetinginNairobi on8and9May,pursuant toArticle
186oftheConvention .
2. Initialcontacts withZimbabwean representatives indicated
thatthecountry wouldbeprepared toacceptinprinciple allobligations
arising fromitsaccession totheConvention .
Inviewofthepolitical importance o.fsuchanextension of
thescopeoftheConvention ,negotiations oughttobestarted assoonas
possible toallowanearlysignature bytheCommunity andtheMemberStates
ofanaccession agreement withZimbabwe .
Thiswouldbeinaccordance withthewishesexpressed byZimbabwe andthe
ACPStates.
3. Negotiations willbeconducted inclosecontactwiththeACP
States,whowillbekeptinthepicturebymeansofappropriate exchanges
ofviews.TheCommission isoftheopinionthatanexchange ofviewsshould
beheldwiththeACPStatesaboutt-heaccession agreement following the
negotiations ,althoughthisisnotalegalrequirement undertheConvention .
Thentheaccession agreement willbesignedandthenecessary ratification
procedures initiated .TheEuropean Parliament willbeaskedtoexpress an
opinion onthisagreement .

4. TheCommissionrecommendsadoptionoftheDecisionofthe
CouncilandoftheRepresentatives oftheMemberStatesmeetingwithin
theCouncilauthorizingtheCommissiontoopennegotiations withZimbabwe,
nriflofth»?relatednegotiatingdirectives.
Alongsidethenegotiations withtheapplicantstate,theMember
Statesshouldagreeonamendmentstotheinternalfinancingagreementsothat
,thenecessaryratification proceduresthiswillentailcanbecompletedat
thesametimeasthoserelatingtotheaccessionagreement.TheCommission
willintroducethenecessaryproposalsattheappropriate moment.
TheAgreementonproductswithintheprovinceoftheEuropean
CoalandSteelCommunityshouldbeamendedtocoverZimbabweaswell.
5. TheCommissionconsidersthatwhentheaccessionagreement
issigned,theCommunityandtheapplicantcountry ^shouldagree,pending
completionoftheMemberStates"ratification procedures,toapplyautonomously
intheirtradethetradearrangements inforcebetweentheCommunityandthe
ACPStates.Beforethisentersintoforce,adetailedexaminationwillbe
madeofpossibleproblemswhichcouldemanatefromtheexistenceofthe
preferential tradeagreementbetweenZimbabweandSouthAfrica,andapplicable
solutionsproposed.-
Finally,itfeelsthatasregardstheimplementation ofthe
otherTitleoftheConvention,particularly thatonfinancialandtechnical
cooperation,thearrangements forZimbabwe ,.shouldbethesameasthoseused
fortheACPStatesduringtheinterimperiod,eventhoughinformalterms
Zimbabwe'saccessiontotheConventioncanonlybecomeeffectiveafter ^
itsentryintoforce.; ».

.KE£oMHEfMfl6fi FORA
DECISION OFTHECOUNCIL ANDOFTHEREPRESENTATIVES OFTHEGOVERNMENTS
OFTHEMEMBERSTATES,MEETING WITHIN THECOUNCIL,AUTHORIZING THECOM­
MISSION TOOMLNNEGOTIATIONS WITHTHEKLHUULIC OF7.IMUAUWG
THECOUNCIL OF"THEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ANDTHEREPRESENTATIVES OFTHE
GOVERNMENTS OFTHEMEMBER STATES,MEETING WITHIN THECOUNCIL
HavingregardtotheTreat/establishing theEuropean .Economic Community,
HavingregardtotheRecommendation fromtheCommission ,
\
WhereastheRepublic ofZimbabwe hasappliedtoaccedetotheACP-EEC
Convention signedinLom6on31October 1979,
^ *
WhereasArticle186(1)oft'hesaidConvention providesthataState
whoseeconomic structure andproduction arecomparable withthoseof
theACPStatesmayaccedetotheConvention ,following approval bythe
'ACP-EECCouncilofMinisters,byconcluding anagreement withthe
Community, . ^
HAVEDECIDED ASFOLLOWS :
SoleArticle
TheCommission isherebyauthorized toopennegotiations fortheconclusion
ofanagreement betweentheEuropean Economic Community andtheRepublic' of
Zimbabwe ontheaccession ofZimbabwe tothesecond ACP-EEC Convention of
Lom6. >
Itshallconductthenegotiations inconsultation withtheRepresentatives
oftheMemberStates andinaccordance withthedirectives contained inthe
Annex-.Following areportbytheCommission theCouncilshallifnecessary
furtlw reottves.

DIRECTIVES FOR THENEGOTIATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OFZIMBABWE FOR THE
CONCLUSION OFANA6REEMENT ONITSACCESSION TOTHE ACP-EEC CONVENTION OFLOME
1. Theagreement must provide fortheaccession ,onthesame
terms astheACPStates ,oftheRepublic ofZimbabwe tothesecond ACP-EEC
Convention ofLome including the .Agreement onproducts within theprovince
•oftheEuropean Coal andSteel Community .
2. Theagreement may specify thedate onwhich certain obligations
inparticular inthefield oftrade ,would become applicable totheRepublic
ofZimbabwe .

-7-
DRAFT
Internal Agreement amending theInternal Agreement
onthefinancing andadministration ofCommunity aid
signedon20November 1979
TheRepresentatives oftheGovernments oftheMemberStatesoftheEuropean
Economic Community /meetingwithintheCouncil
HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishing theEuropean Economic Community,
hereinafter calledthe"Treaty",
Afterconsulting theCommission ,
WhereastheAgreement betweentheEuropean Economic Community andtheRepublic
ofZimbabwe singedon
hereinafter calledthe"Accession Agreement",provides'for theaccession ofthe
Republic ofZimbabwe totheACP^-EEC Convention signedinLomeon31October 1979;
WhereasArticle 186ofthesaidConvention stipulates thattheaccession ofa
Stateshallnotadversely affecttheadvantages accruing interaliatothe
ACPStatessignatory totheConvention undertheprovisions onfinancial and
technical cooperation ,thestabilization ofexportearnings andindustrial
cooperation ; '
Whereas theRepresentatives oftheGovernments oftheMemberStateshave
agreedonthisoccasiontoincrease by"millionEuropeanunitsofaccounttheamount
ofaidmadeavailable totheEuropean Development Fund(1980);whereas ,thevolume
ofloanstobegranted bytheEuropean Investment Bankisalsotobeincreased ,
to millionunitsofaccount;
WhereastheInternal Agreement onthefinancing andadministration ofCommunity
aid,signedon20November 1979,shouldbeamendedaccordingly .
Haveagreedasfollows

-8-
Article 1
Article1(2)and(3)oftheInternalAgreementonthefinancingandadministra­
tionofCommunityaidisherebyamendedasfollows:.
"2.a)TheFundshallconsistof millionEuropeanunitsof
account(hereinaftercalled"EUA"),tobefinancedbytheMember
Statesasfollows: _
Belgium 'millionEUA
"Denmark millionEUA
"Germany millionEUA
"France millionEUA
"Ireland millionEUA
k
"Italy millionEUA
"Luxembourg millionEUA
"Netherlands millionEUA
"UnitedKingdom millionEUA
b)ThisschedulemaybeamendedbyCouncilDecisionreachedunanimously in
theeventoftheaccessionofanewMemberStatetotheCommunity.
3.Theamountstatedinparagraphsshallbeallocatedasfollows:
a) millionEUAfortheACPStates,comprising :
millionEUAintheformofgrants,
millionEUAintheformofspecialloans,,
millionEUAintheformofriskcapital,
millionEUAintheformoftransferspursuanttoTitleII,
Chapter1oftheConvention,
millionEUAintheformofthespecialfinancingfacility
pursuanttoTitleIII,Chapter1oftheConvention;
b)85millionEUAforthecountriesandterritories andtheFrench
overseasdepartments comprising :
51millionEUAintheformofgrants,
fefSpécialLèafts,.
?nrTLLiort :EUAfr»theformofriskcapital:,
fortherecordintheformofthespecialfinancingfacility
pursuanttotheprovisionsoftheDecisionrelatingtomining
products'
•/■•a

-9-
c)9million EUAintheformoftransfers forthecountries andterritories ,
pursuanttothoseprovisions oftheDecision whichconcernthesystem
forstab-ilizing exportearnings."
Article 2 ,
Article 2oftheInternal Agreement onthefinancing andadministration of
Community aidisherebyamended asfollows :
"TotheamountlaiddowninArticle 1(2)shallbeaddedupto million EUA
intheformofloansgranted bytheBankfromitsownresources underthe
conditions laiddownbyitinaccordance withtheStatute.
Theseloansshallbeallocated asfollows :
,
a)uptotheamountof million EUA,forfinancing operations to
becarriedoutintheACPStates;
b)uptotheamountof15million EUA,forfinancing operations tobe
carried outinthecountries andterritories ".
Article3
Article 4oftheInternal Agreement onthefinancing andadministration of
Community aidisherebyamended asfollows :
"Anamountofupto million EUAshallbesetasidefromthegrant
aidspecified inArticle1(3)(a)and(b)forfinancing theinterest rate
subsidies referred to>inArticle 104oftheConvention andinthecorrespon­
dingprovisions oftheDecision .Anypartofthisamountnotcommitted bythe
endoftheperiodduringwhichloansaregranted bytheBankshallagain
becomeavailable asgrantaid. •
TheCouncil maydecide,onaproposal fromtheCommission drawnupin
agreement withtheBank,toraisethisceiling".

-10-
Article 4
Thisagreement shallbeapproved byeachMemberStateinaccordance with
itsownconstitutional requirements .TheGovernment ofeachMemberStateshall
notifytheSecretariat oftheCounciloftheEuropean Communities Whenthe
procedures requiredforitsentryintoforcehavebeencompleted .
! ■■
Provided theconditions ofthepreceding paragraph arefulfilled ,the
Agreement shallenterintoforceat.thesametimeastheAccession Agreement .
Article 5
" ■ \
Thisagreement,drawnupinasingleoriginal intheDanish,Dutch,English,
French,GermanandItalianlanguages ,eachofthesetextsbeingequally
authentic ,shallbedeposited inthearchives oftheSecretariat ofthe
CounciloftheEuropean Communities ,whichshalltransmit acertified copy
toeachoftheGovernments oftheSignatory States.

DRAFT
Supplementary Agreement totheAgreement onproducts withintheprovince
oftheEuropean CoalandSteelCommunity _
HisMajestytheKingoftheBelgians,
HerMajestytheQueenofDenmark,
ThePresident oftheFederalRepublic ofGermany,
ThePresident oftheFrenchRepublic,
ThePresident ofIreland, .
ThePresident oftheItalianRepublic,
HisRoyalHighness theGrandDukeofLuxembourg ,
HerMajestytheQueenoftheNetherlands,
HerMajestytheQueenoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain
andNorthern Ireland, f
oftheonepart,and
ThePresident oftheRepublic ofZimbabwe, .
oftheotherpart,
HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishing theEuropean Coal'andSteelCommunity ,
HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishing theEuropean Economic Community ,and
inparticular Article 232thereof, * '/
HavingregardtotheAgreement betweentheCommunity andtheRepublic of
Zimbabwe ontheaccession ofZimbabwe tothesecond ACP-EECConvention
signedinLomeon31October 1979,
HavingregardtotheAgreement onproducts withintheprovince oftheEuropean
CoalandSteelCommunity signedinLomeon31October 1979,
Desirous ofapplying between themtheprovisions oftheaforementioned Con­
vention,
Haveagreedasfollows :

"12
Article 1
4
TheAgreement onproducts within theprovince oftheEuropean Coal andSteel
Community signed inLome on31October 1979 shall apply between theparties
tothis Agreement .
Article 2
This Aureement shall beratified bytheStates signatory totheAgreement on
theaccession oftheRepublic ofZimbabwe tothe second Convention ofLome .It
shall enter into force atthe same time asthat Agreement .
V

Rev.1
CountryProfileofZimbabwe
1.GeneralBackground
Zimbabweisaland-locked countrythatbestridesthehighSouthernAfrican
plateaubetweentheZambesiRiverinthenorth(latitude15°50's)andtheLimpopo
Riverinthesouth(Latitude22°25's).Zimbabwesharescommonborderswith Zambia
tothenorthandnorth-west,Botswanatothesouth-west,SouthAfrica'tothesouth,
Mozambiquetotheeastandnorth-east,andtouchesNamibiaatKazungulaonthe~
Zambesiriver.Thecountry'stotallandareaisover389.000sq.kms,(whichis
nearlytwicethesizeofBritain,orhalfthatofZambia).Altitudesvaryfrom
500metresinthelowveldto2,500metresintheeasternhighlands.
Onlyabout20%oftheland,mainlyinthehighveld,issuitableforintensive
cropfarming,theremainderbeingsuitedtomoreextensiveformsofagriculture
andlivestockproduction.Thecountryisendowedwithawidevarietyofminerals
includingcopper,gold,asbestos,chrome,nickel,tin,iron-ore,emeralcte,
silver,platinumandphosphates.Electricityisproducedfromlocalcoal
resourcesandtheKaribapowerstationjoingtlyownedwithZambia.
Zimbabwe'spopulationattheendof1978wasestimatedatsome7.0M
composedof6.75millionAfricans,250.000Europeans,and33.000others.
2.PoliticalBackground , -
FromtheendingofBritishSouthAfricanCompanyrulein1923,Southern
Rhodesiawasaself-governing BritishcolonyuntilNovember1965,whenthe
RhodesianFrontGovernmentdeclaredtheterritoryindependent intheUnilateral
Declaration ofIndependence (UDI).FollowingthisdeclarationBritaintooka
seriesofeconomicmeasuresagainstSouthernRhodesia,andin1968atBritain's
requesttheUNimposedmandatoryeconomicsanctionsontheterritory.,1971saw
thebeginningofaneight-yearguerillawarinwhichsome27.000Zimbabweans
werekilled,andmuchlargernumberswoundedandrenderedhomeless.
After-thebreak-downofthe1977Anglo-American proposalsandthe
failureofthe1978internalsettlement,theLusakaCommonwealth Conference
agreementledtothe1979LancasterHouseconference,whichestablished an
independenceconstitution andpavedthewayforapeacesettlementandcease-fire.
Theindependence Government,whichwasformedfollowingtheFebruary1980
elections,representsacoalitionamongsttheprincipalpartiesrepresentedin
theNationalAssembly.ThesearePrimeMinisterMugabe'sZANU/PF(57seats),
Mr.Nkorrio'sPatrioticFront(20seats),andtheRhodesianFront(20seats).

"14-i
ftev.1
§?§h'/nfN/Ofewa'5IMNC<3seat§)i§notrepresented inthenewGovernment .
/
Constitutional independence wasaccorded totheRepublic ofZimbabwe on
18thApril1980withPresident CanaanBananaasheadofstate,andPremier
RobertMugabeasheadofgovernment .Initsinitialpolicystatements thenew
administration hasconsistently emphasised theneedfornational reconciliation,
foreconomic pragmatism athome,andfornon-alignment inexternalrelations .
3.Immediate Priorities
Pressing problems confronting thenewGovernment ,includethecontinuing
inteyraHon ofthoarmedforces,andtheaccelerated advancement ofblack
Zimbabweans inboththepublicandprivatesectors,whereimperative needs
relatetoprofessional andtechnical training .However amongstthenew
Government 'sfirstpriorities istheresettlement ofrefugees anddisplaced
/
persons . '
Groupswithparticularly pressing needsarefirstlyrefugees who
remaintoberepatriated fromneighbouring countries andsecondly persons
displaced duringthecivilwar.AttherequestofthePrimeMinister,
theUNSecretary General hasaskedtheUNHighCommissioner forRefugeesto
coordinate ,foraninitialperiod,aprogramme ofhumanitarian assistance
fordisplaced persons andreturning refugees,(currently estimated at
some660.000persons).TheUNHCRhasaccordingly issuedanappealtothe
>international community forUS%108M,towhichitisproposedthatthe
European Community shouldmakeacontribution ofsomeS15.8M.
/15

4.LandTenureandResettlement '
Butpossibly themostcomplexproblemfacingthenewgovernment concerns land
arrangements .Some60%ofZimbabwe'speopleliveintribaltrustlands(TTLs)
inconditions ofseriousovercrowding andlanddegradation .
Although thediscriminatory land-tenure .actwasrepealedin1979,the
patternoflandholdingremainsvirtually unchanged fromthecolonialperiod:
.Commercial farmland :14.8Mha.operated by5,400whitefarmers'orcompanies ;
.Purchase land:Ofthe1.5Mha.setasideforfreehold tenurebyblacks,
1.1Mha.areoccupied bysome8,500farmers;
.Tribaltrustlands(TTL):16.3Mha.occupied onacommunal basisbysome
675.000cultivators withatotalpopulation of3.5M.;
.National land;5.9Mha.ofparksandgamereserves
Thedisparity betweenblackandwhiteholdingsis,verygreat.Thewhitefarmer
averages 2,400ha.,theAfricanpurchase farmer125ha.andtheTTLcultivator
24ha.Thereisalsoawidedifferential inthequalityofland,theresult
partlyofallocation ofthebulkofthemostfertileregionstowhites,and
' •'
partlyofitscorollary -theovercrowding andlanddegradation oftheTTLs.
WhilethenewGovernment hasyettomakeknownitsintentions onresettlement ,
landreformfeatures highinitselection manifesto,whichpledgesthecreation
ofaland'andagricultural development fund,"tofacilitate theacquisition of
land,landresettlement ,andagricultural development ".Inthepost-electoral
period,furtherreference hasbeenmadetothecoordinated andorderlyacquisition
ofunusedlandinthecommercial farming areasforresettlement purposes .There
havealsobeencertainindications onthepartofdevelopment agencies,asto
possible meansofproviding effective assistance inthisparticular areaof
agricultural development ,whichwouldhelpresolve landacquisition andproductivity
problems . ■,
5.Economic Situation
Following aperiodofeconomic expansion intheimmediate post-UDI
years,Zimbabwe be^antoencounter increasing economicdifficulties inthe
mid-1970s .Atthatstagethecombination ofinternational recession,growing '
political uncertainty andtheimpactofwarthrusttheeconomyintocontinuing
declineandrealGDPfellbymorethan13%overthe1975-79period.Withinter­
nationalrecognition andtheconclusion ofpeace,thisdownwardtrendmaybe
reversed,anecurrentestimates suggestthepossibility ofrealgrowthof
some4%in1980.

-16- '
Rev.1
Agriculture isthechiefsourceofincomeformore'than70%ofthepopu­
lation,itprovides wageemployment for345,000people,almostallofthem
blacks,'orabout35percentoftotalemployment .Eveninpoorclimatic years,
Zimbabwe islargelyselfsufficient infoodstuffs,andthissectorcontributes
approximately 20%ofGDP,morethanonethirdofthecountry'sforeign
exchange,andasubstantial shareofinputstolocalmanufacturing industry .
Totalagricultural production in1979isestimated atjustshortofZ%500M./*
almost90Xofwhichrepresents production bywhite.farmers.
Adominant featureofcommercial farming undersanctions wasthediver­
sification outoftobaccoproduction intograinandfibrecrops(wheat,maize
andcotton)andthegrowing,although recently interrupted ,production of
cattle.Soyabeans,teaandcoffee,havealsobecomesignificant cashcrops.
Zimbabwe'smanufacturing sectorhasdeveloped since1965onthebasisof
subsidies,importandexchange controls,andtheincreasing utilisation of
localrawmaterials .Thevolumeindexofmanufacturing production increased
2.25timesbetween 1964and1969,contributing 22%ofGOPin1978.Most
rapidlygrowingsub-sectors werefoodstuffs ,textiles,chemicals,petroleum,
mineral andmetallic products .<Sugarisbeingincreasingly usedforethanol
production .
Although miningaccounts foronly7.5%ofGDP,andprovides workfor
only6%oftheemployed labourforce,ithascometoplayanincreasingly
significant economic role.Upwardsof90%ofminingoutputisexported,in­
creasingly inprocessed form.Directmineralexportsin1979werevaluedatmore
thanZt200M.Inthecurrentinternational .situation,production inthis
sectorcouldbeexpanded .'
6.Transport
Priortothe1976closureoftheMozambique border,nearlytwo-thirds
ofZimbabwe'srailtraffic wasusingeithertheBeiraorMaputoroutes,with
thelatterbeingthemoreimportant becauseofitsharbourcapacity arfdbulk-
handlingfacilities .Theborderclosureforcedallrailtrafficontothe
longerSouthAfricanroutes.Withtheendingofhostilities ,theBeiraroute
hasbeenreopened tolimitedtraffic,butisaffected byportconstraints ,
whiletheBeirapipe-line willre-openinearly1981.Theseverely damaged
Maputoroutewillalsonotresumefull-scale traffictillnextyear.Both
routesarealsoofeconomic significance toZambiaandBotswana .
*1Zimbabwedollar(ZS)=1.18EUA(Aprii80)/....*17

-17- Rev. -1
7.TradeandBalance .ofPayments
In1965,Rhodesia exported tothefollowing countries :Britain (22%),
Zambia(25%),SouthAfrica(9%),German/(5%>,Malawi(5%),Japan(5X),
andallothercountries lessthan5%.Rhodesian imports bycountryoforigin
were:Britain (30%),SouthAfrica <25%),USA(7%),Japan<6%),andall
othercountries lessthan5%.;
Asaresultofsanctions andsubsequent changesintradecomposition ,-trade
balances andpatterns altered~considerably overtheUDIperiod.Inparticular
Britain'sdirecttradewithRhodesia diminished significantly ,whileSouth
Africa'stradeincreased substantially,' buttressed byaseriesofpreferential'
tradearrangements between Rhodesia andSouthAfricadatingfromtheearly1960s.
According to1972UNfigures,38%ofRhodesian imports wereofSouthAfrican
origin,butotherestimates haveputtheseatleastashightas51%;about16%,
andpossibly more,ofRhodesian exports wereestimated bytheUNtogotothe
RSAin1972.Oilremains amajorcomponent ofimports asdocapital goods,
vehicles andspareparts.
Uin) \-
Zimbabwe'sZ2500M.ofexports^are roughlydividedasfollows:
agricultural products Z2225M,minerals Z2200Mandmanufactures Z275M.
Principal agricultural exports (forwhichfiguresarenotcurrently available )
includetobacco >maize,beef,cottonandsugar.Therelative contributions of
theprincipal mineralexportsaregold<30%),asbestos <30%),nickel <20%),
copper <15%),andferro-chrome <5%).Exportsofmanufactures ,principally
withinSouthernAfricaincludeclothing,footwear,radios,cigarettes ,canned-
meat,sugarandtextiles . .
1979balanceofpaymentsestimates fromofficialsourcessuggestthatlast
yearefportsincluding gold)mayhaveincreased byaboutZ2100M.(or16%)
toalmostZ2700M,whileimportsmayhavegrownnearly4%tosomeZ2585M,
leavingavisibletradesurplusofsomeZ2115M(asagainst Z2178Min1978).
The1979invisibledeficitisestimatedatsome2290M,whichisthoughtto
havebeenoffsetbyanetcapitalinflowofZ280M,leavingasmalloverall
deficit.Forwardprojections ofthe19^0balanceofpaymentswouldappea,to
reflect acontinuation ofthesemaintrends. "-'
8.CapitalFormationandExternal Debt -
Asregard:;investment,recentlypublished estimates puttotalforeign
capitalformationatbetween Z21.500MandZ22.000M(outofatotalcapital
stockofZ22.250MtoZ22.750M).Thefiguressuggestamarginalreductionin
theproportion offoreigncapitalsince1965,butasignificant increaseinvalue.
Astotheoriginofinvestments ,thesearemainlyfromtwosources:Britainand
SouthAfrica.Thesameestimates puttheUKproportion atZ2815MandtheSouth
AfricanatZ2583M.TheGovernment'sexternaldebtisestimated ataboutUS2350
450M.

ZIMBABWE SUMMARY DATA Rev. 1
Area :389.000 sq.kms .
Population sAfricans
(Dec78) Europeans
Others .
Total
Population densities
Overall6,755,283 (96%)
249,967 (3.5 X)
34,760 (0,5X)
7,040,010
:18.1 persons /sq.km.
African trust lands ■:27.4
UrbanisationWhite rural areas
1969
19787.2
17.1 X
19.5 X(24.8 %unofficial )
Currency
Zimbabwean /Rhodesian dollar (ZS)
;Z$1=1.18 EUA=£0.7/=US21.54 (April 1980 )
National Income r
GDP1978 =Z22.332 M=USi3.542 M(current exchange rate )
GNPpercapita 1977-78 =USt480-500 (IBRD .estimate )
Trade 1978
Main commodities exported :
Agricultural products -(45X)tobacco ,maize ,beef^
sugar and cotton
Mineral products (40X)gold,asbestos ,nickel ,copper ,
chrome ore
Manufactured products (15Z>-ferrochrome ,other processed
minerals ,andfood products ,clothing ,footwear ,tobacc 0,
texti les
Government finance 1978
Revenue
Expenditure
.Oeficit
External debtZS573 M(24.6 XGDP)
Z2803M(34.4 XGDP)
Zi230 M
US£350 fl–,450 M(1980 estimate )

(κ
*-2- DATA
Labour Force
Informal employment 1978
.Commercial agriculture
.Manufacturing
.Mining
.Public andprivate services
Number ofsmall African farmers991.600 100 %
340.800 34%
140.000 14%
58.000 6%
280.000 28%
685.000
\