COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
Brussels, 30.10.1996 
COM(96)531 final 
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION 
TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, 
THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE 
AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS 
TEMPUS 
Annual report 
1.8.1994-31.12.1995 
Phare & Tacis 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 
Page 
INTRODUCTION 1 
The origins of the Tempus scheme 1 
Tempus I, 1990—1994 1 
The Council decision of 29 April 1993 adopting Tempus II 3 
Main features of Tempus II 3 
Management structure and methodology 5 
External Evaluation 5 
TEMPUS ACTIVITIES 01.08.1994 — 31.12.1995 5 
Overall budget 5 
Phare 6 
Budget 6 
Selection procedure 6 
Actions 8 
1. Joint European Projects (JEP) 8 
2. Joint European Networks (JEN) 8 
3. Complementary Measures Grants (CME) 8 
4. Individual Mobility Grants (IMG) 10 
Monitoring 11 
Exploitation of outputs 12 
Increased responsibility to National Tempus Offices (NTOs) 13 
Phare Partner State monographs 13 
Tacis 14 
Budget 14 
Strategy, Pre-JEP and JEP 14 
Priorities 15 
Selection procedure 16 
Monitoring 16 
Strategy review 1996 17 
The Tempus Information Point network 17 
/& 
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 18 
ANNEX 1 - THE TEMPUS SCHEME: OVERALL STATISTICS 21 
ANNEX 2 - FACT SHEETS: PHARE COUNTRIES 27 
ANNEX 3 - FACT SHEETS: TACIS COUNTRIES 39 
% 
INTRODUCTION 
The origins of the Tempus scheme 
The events of 1989 and 1990 in Central and Eastern Europe had a dramatic:impact on the 
European Community. The Member States individually and collectively foun&jJtemselves facing 
unprecedented political and economic challenges to the established philosoph^aiiAprocedures 
in external relations. At the same time there was no doubting the urge^^poJKmakine an 
appropriately rapid and effective response to these challenges, not .pnly irpterinsfop emergency 
assistance but also by providing concrete ways for the countries *con^^^^o^leveiop new 
perspectives and new goals linked to a meaningful concept of Europe 
Aiming for an integrated global response, the" Comrrra: 
comprehensive framework for the provision of practice 
in countries concerned restructure th'ërf^economies 
maximise the benefits they 'mightfdieriverfromlthe^ 
assistance was agreegggy^^(|ouncii• 91 ^Mimstersgm^e^i^---
provided the Iraméffi^Hg^Cômmumry'assistance in. oixlerto^ 
reform processes' 
Higher educatio iq^ provide a 
seitohelp the 
that-they could 
erlll ^program me of 
it ;own\.as Phare1, 
V - ) 
economic and social 
^alreladyl'beei^idêridfîedîl^^the"Partner States" themselves as 
one of the priorities for co-operahon^Fr^m^anjeaii^stàge'a number of assistance-programmes in 
the education field were embedded'witfan;Phare^ni'Ja*nuarV 1,990 the Commission submitted to 
the Council and the European ParliamentCits^pians".to» create a new programme specifically-
designed to meet the higher education needs of;the countries that would be eligible for support 
through Phare. This was the starting signal for Tempus. 
Tempus I, 1990—1994 
The Council adopted Tempus on 7 May 1990, for an initial 'pilot phase' of three years beginning 
on 1 July 1990. A later Council Decision extended the pilot phase for one year, until the end of 
June 1994. Initially 3 countries were involved in the scheme: Poland, Czechoslovakia and 
Hungary. This number increased with the years as illustrated in Figure 1. 
As is still the case, two factors determined the total budget available for Tempus activities: 
• the national Phare (and later also Tacis) budgets, which are determined annually by the 
Commission; 
• the proportion of Phare (or Tacis) funds which each of the national authorities allocate for 
Tempus activities. 
* At that time Phare stood for "Pologne, Hongrie: Assistance à la Restructuration Economique". The current full 
name is "Phare-Community programme for assistance for economic restructuring in the countries of Central and 
Eastern Europe". 
1990 1992 
Albania 
Bulgaria 
Czech Republic 
Estonia 
Hungary 
Latvia 
Lithuania 
Poland 
Romania 
Slovakia 
Slovenia 
DDR 
Yugoslavia 
Figure 1: Participation of 'Phare countries' in Tempus I 
(Until 1993 the Czech Republic and Slovakia were supported 
through the financial allocation for Czechoslovakia) 
From the start the main vehicle for inter-university co-operation under the Tempus scheme has 
been the Joint European Project (JEP). Tempus supports networks of universities from both East 
and West, which restructure and develop curricula and teaching materials, up-grade teaching 
facilities and/or improve university administration in an institution within a Partner State. 
Accepted JEPs are supported for a maximum period of three years and involve the participation 
of at least one university from a partner country, and of partner organisations, of which one has 
to be a university, in at least two CE Member States. 
Tempus works in priority areas which are annually defined with the Partner States and which are 
in line with the needs in the current phase of the overall socio-economic development of those 
countries. Strategically speaking Tempus adopted a bottom-up approach. Support concentrated 
on innovation at the base of the university-pyramid: in the departments and faculties instead of 
at central planning level. The rationale behind this approach being that reform is likely to be 
more easily accepted when not imposed through hierarchical structures. Also project initiation 
and management at departmental and faculty level will increase the sense of ownership over 
projects. Finally the programme as a whole is more likely to be synchronised to the reform needs 
on the "shop floor". 
The programme addressed the fundamental issues of reform through curriculum development, 
supported by the organised mobility of staff and students, and the purchase of essential 
equipment. 
Activities intended to build up networks were also supported: Individual Mobility Grants (IMGs) 
for staff as well as 'Complementary Measures' (CME) grants for the extension of activities of 
European associations in higher education and others to the Partner States. 
The national authorities of the Phare Partner States each established a National Tempus Office 
(NTO) involved in carrying out its country's contribution to the implementation of the scheme. 
For statistical details about Tempus I please refer to the appropriate tables in the annexes. 
— 2 — 
The Council decision of 29 April 1993 adopting Tempus II 
Following an initial exchange of views among the Education Ministers of the European 
Community in November 1992, and the positive opinion of the European Parliament expressed 
in March 1993, the Council Decision adopting the second phase of the Trans-European 
co-operation scheme for higher education (Tempus II) was taken on 29 April 19932 This 
decision meant continuation of support for the existing Partner States and the extension of this 
support to the new republics of the former Soviet Union. Funding of projects in these countries 
- with the exception of the Baltic States - comes from the CE's Tacis programme. Where 
necessary this report will make a distinction between 'Tempus Phare' and 'Tempus Tacis'. 
Main features of Tempus II 
With the introduction of the second phase of the scheme, Tempus activity in Belarus, the 
Russian Federation, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, and Uzbekistan could 
commence. Tempus in these countries forms part of the Tacis programme, the overall CE 
initiative which fosters the development of harmonious and prosperous economic and political 
links between the European Union and these Partner States. The first three of these countries 
had already been introduced to the programme in the preceding year (1993), when an 
'introductory' call was made for pre-JEPs. These preparatory one-year JEPs were to ensure a 
smooth introduction to the programme and full size JEPs and concentrated mainly on 
preparatory mobility of staff on planning and information gathering missions as well as on 
updating, retraining and teaching visits. Figure 2 shows when the different Tacis countries were 
included in the Tempus scheme. 
Preparatory 
phase 
Armenia Legend 
Azerbaijan 
Belarus HHUHHHIH Commencement 
Georgia :;if |;tr | of Pre-JEPs 
Kazakhstan ^^^^| HB Commencement 
Kyrgyztan ^^^^| of JEPs 
Moldova 
Mongolia 
Russian Federation 
Ukraine 
Uzbekstan 
Figure 2: Participation of'Tacis countries1 in Tempus 
Perhaps the main distinction between Tempus I and Tempus II for the Phare countries has been 
the introduction of national priorities. These lists of annually reviewed national preferences 
- jointly identified by the national authorities, and the European Commission - are used as a 
selection tool for newly submitted JEP-proposals. They are specific to each of the countries. The 
main rationale behind their introduction was to streamline the efforts of Tempus with those of the 
respective governments and the Phare programme as a whole. 
OJN° LI 12/34, 6 May 1993. 
_3 — 
Pluri-annual funding has been introduced for the financing of JEPs. This means that from the 
total amount any country has allocated to Tempus activities projects are now funded for the 
whole of their duration. This is to safeguard continuity in the operation of three-year projects. 
Moreover, it offers contractors more flexibility in managing their JEPs, allowing them to carry 
over certain proportions of the funds for one year to a subsequent year where appropriate. 
In anticipation of the inclusion of some Phare countries into the CE mobility programmes, 
mobility has gained importance in JEPs in the past 6 years as is illustrated in the Figure 3 
below. 
D1991 
01993 
• 1995 
ALB BC CZ EE H LT LV PL RO SLO SQ 
Figure 3: Average amounts of student mobility per JEP per country for the Phare 
countries in 1991, 1993 and 1995. The vertical axis indicates the number of 
students 
One of the most obvious differences between Tempus Phare and Tempus Tacis is the division of 
subject areas. Tempus aims at structural co-operation, while in Tempus Phare, the support is 
spread over a wide range of subject areas, in the new independent states the scheme focuses 
much more on support in areas which have been neglected in the past decades. This is clearly 
illustrated in the following chart (Figure 4). 
A. = Humanities 
B. = Languages 
C. = Social Sciences 
D. = Management and Business 
E. = Applied Sciences and Technology 
B. C. D. E. 
Figure 4: JEP subject distribution in Tempus Phare and Tempus Tacis in 1995. The 
vertical axis indicates the percentage of all JEPs in Phare and Tacis respectively. It 
needs to be noted here that in Tacis the category Management and Business entirely 
consists of projects in the field of University Management. This is not the case in 
Phare. The subdivision of the category Applied Sciences and Technology in Tempus 
Phare has changed considerably over the years. More information on this can be 
found in the annexes to this report 
— 4 
Management structure and methodology 
Responsibility for the implementation of the scheme is assigned to the Commission. The 
Commission is assisted by a management committee composed of two representatives appointed 
by each Member State and chaired by a Commission representative. The management committee 
is referred to as the Tempus Committee. 
In January 1995 technical assistance for implementation of the programme was transferred from 
ECTO in Brussels to the European Training Foundation in Torino. In the Phare countries, the 
European Training Foundation's Tempus Department is assisted by the National Tempus Offices 
(NTOs). These perform parts of the selection, monitoring, and assessment tasks and are the 
ETF's main link to the national authorities of central and eastern Europe. 
External Evaluation 
As stipulated in the Council's decision on Tempus II, the Commission has launched an external 
evaluation of the Tempus Scheme. 
TEMPUS ACTIVITIES 01.08.1994 — 31.12.1995 
Overall budget 
The central and eastern European national governments allocated a total amount of 
102.1 MECU to Tempus Phare activities in 1995. For the countries participating in Tempus 
Tacis this figure was 23 MECU. The table below (Figure 5) shows how these figures relate to 
earlier years. 
140 -I -
120 - -
100 - -
80 - -
60 - -
40 -
20 -
0 •• 129.2-
98 
- -70.5 -
23.2 95.9 102,1 
3.45 D Phare 
B Tacis 
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 
Figure 5: Tempus allocations between 1990 and 1995 in MECU 
— 5 — 
Phare es 
Budget 
The total amount available in 1995 for Tempus activities in the Phare countries was 
102.1 MECU. Figure 6 shows the national allocations to Tempus activities per country in 1995 
and the average per year. 
SLO 
ALB B 1990-1995 (average per year) 
D1995 
10 15 20 25 30 
Figure 6: Tempus funds in MECU per country in 1995 compared with average per year since 
inclusion in the scheme (Phare). The average figures for Slovenia, as well as for Slovakia and 
the Czech Republic are the averages since independence of these countries 
Selection procedure 
The (national) priorities for implementation of Tempus are the outcome of a process of 
consultation between the Commission and the authorities of each partner country. The priorities 
are published in the Guide for Applicants. By using the priorities as selection parameters 
Tempus has been able to continue to develop greater relevance for the specific processes of 
reform in each partner country and also to establish a selection process v/hich gives applicants 
guidance in their efforts. 
_6 
Flowchart 1 : The stages of the selection process for Tempus projects 
Receipt and acknowledgement of 
applications by the European 
Training Foundation (ETF) 
Technical quality-grading of 
the applications in priority 
areas by the ETF and the 
NTOs Identification of applications in 
priority areas made by the ETF 
and the National Tempus 
Offices (NTOs) Assessment of academic 
relevance and quality of 
applications in priority areas 
by Partner Countries' 
Academic Experts 
Consultations between the 
Commission and the NTOs 
Opinions of EU and Partner 
Countries' Academic experts sought 
Final Approval of the proposed 
projects by the Commission and the 
National Authorities 
*m~jm>mew4immximmi*^Mi^m?*in 
Notification of results 
to the applicants 
'fe^rart'friTCBM^diMirti^iiftdWiiiiiiMiir-^^ 
Dispatch of contracts to 
the successful applicants 
Return of signed 
contracts to ETF 
zL tmwmiw**m 
Dispatch of financial 
assistance to Contractors 
Actions 
1. Joint European Projects (JEP) 
JEPs are selected for support through a co-operative decision making process whereby both the 
ETF and the National Tempus Offices assess the quality of the projects. Upon arrival of the 
proposals at the ETF the documents undergo a formal check including a priority assessment. 
The second stage, the quality assessment including the technical screening is done in a 
combined effort by the ETF and the NTOs, in parallel with an academic assessment by the 
Partner State academic experts. The next stage is the academic experts meeting bringing 
together experts from Partner States and CE Member States to advise the Commission, which 
takes the final decision. Please refer to Flowchart 1 on previous page. 
In 1995 unlike 1994 there was no call for JEP+ projects (in which the objective and in some 
cases the Partner State institutions involved were specified in advance). 
Results of the 1995 JEP selection round 
During the first half of 1995 the selection of Joint European Projects to start in September 1995 
took place. The results of that selection round were as follows. 
Number of new JEPs accepted 
Success rate for projects within priority areas 
Success rate for Mobility JEPs 
Number of JEPs renewed in 1995/96 229 
31% 
30.6% 
247 
Statistical data on the country participation, subject distribution and a breakdown of details per 
country can be found in the annexes to this report. 
2. Joint European Networks (JEN) 
The Joint European Network Action was launched in 1993. The first grants were awarded in 
early 1994. The action was designed to allow the most successful completed Joint European 
Projects to maintain their networks over a period of up to two years with an emphasis on the 
dissemination of results. A total number of 46 JENs received support for the 1995/96 academic 
year out of the 124 who applied for a grant. Furthermore 83 JENs had already started in 1994 
and went into their second year of operation. 
3. Complementary Measures Grants (CME) 
As mentioned in last year's Annual Report, in 1994 the decision was taken to develop proposals 
for restructuring the Complementary Measures Action. The new Action launched in 1995/96, 
focuses on supporting institutional restructuring and strategy development. 
The review of the scheme was carried out to improve its structure thereby approaching potential 
applicants in a more systematic way. It was hoped that in this way more focused proposals would 
be submitted and the action would therefore better serve the actual needs. Intended to 
complement the Tempus JEP Action, the scheme now consists of three strands: 
• Strand 1, focuses on institutional restructuring and university management development. 
This category is subdivided into: 
0 la. Preparatory studies; 
a lb. implementation of previous findings. 
One of this year's projects, for example, aims at initiating industrial liaison and technology 
transfer services in three regions of the Czech Republic for subsequent dissemination to 
other Czech regions. The method is to transfer the experience of universities in the CE 
Member States and science parks situated in similar industrial environments so as to 
enhance the process of economic development and increase student opportunities through 
university-industry co-operation. 
Strand 2, focuses on dissemination of Tempus or other project results. 
One project, for example, aims at disseminating project management skills developed 
through different Tempus (and other donor) projects which have been managed at a group 
of universities. The output is a manual of good practices which focuses on: 
a financial management of projects and administrative procedures; 
D analysis of skills profiles for project management. The project also involves 
dissemination of the output through sending copies of the manual to universities, and 
holding a workshop focusing on the topic. 
Strand 3, focuses on policy development at national authority level. 
One project, for example, has as background the National Development Plan recently 
passed in the Hungarian parliament, determining the political and conceptual framework 
for higher education. The objective of the CME project, which is implemented in 
partnership with the Ministry of Education, is to further elaborate: 
D a curriculum modularisation and credit system; 
a new teaching methods including open and distance learning; 
D the introduction of per capita funding and a tuition fee system. 
The outcome of the CME project, formulated on Hungarian and Western expertise and 
experience, is two-fold: a) a set of recommendations regarding the above three areas to be 
used by the authorities in the preparation of further legislation, and b) guidelines for 
institutional managers applying the new legislation. 
— 9 — 
Results of the 1995 CME selection rounds 
In the two selection rounds of 1994/95, 100 grants were awarded. Selection procedures were 
similar to those used for JEPs. The results were as follows: 
First selection round (April 1995) 
The total awarded budget - of 3,953,109 ECU - is significantly higher than that of previous 
years. This increase is probably due to the increased awareness of the existence and possibilities 
of the CME scheme, following a modest awareness-raising initiative carried out in the first 
quarter of 1995. 
The small number of applications in the second CME selection round may have resulted from 
the fact that the Guide for Applicants was issued close to the application deadline. 
4. Individual Mobility Grants (IMG) 
Individual Mobility Grants provide support for visits from partner States to the CE and vice-
versa. Applicants must be directly involved in higher education and must be staff at higher 
education institutions, senior Ministry officials or education planners. 
Because of the transfer to the ETF in Torino of the technical assistance to Tempus, West-East 
mobilities. were suspended for one year because of the transfer to the European Training 
Foundation in Torino. Applications to travel from Partner States to the CE were evaluated by the 
respective National Tempus Offices. 
A number of changes were made regarding the grant conditions. Types of activity were re­
organised into three groups, each with a new time limit: 
• Course and materials development 1 week to 3 months 
• Staff development 1 week to 3 months 
• Activities to support the development of higher education 1 week to 1 month 
For the first time this year national conditions and preferences have been included in the IMG 
Guide for Applicants. Selections are made partly on the basis of these restrictions. It is one of 
the measures taken to increase the impact radius of the individual IMGs. Also in line with the 
general drive to avoid Tempus expenditure on isolated activities is the obligation for applicants 
to have their forms endorsed by one of their superiors. 
— 10 
Results of the 1995 IMG selection rounds 
There were two selection rounds for IMGs, one in February and one in June. The results of the 
two selection rounds are as follows: 
First selection round (January 1995) 
Monitoring 
The programme of internal monitoring procedures for all Tempus actions was extensively revised 
and developed during 1995. 
The main objectives and related actions of the monitoring programme can be summarised as 
follows. 
1. To gear the progress of projects towards the fulfilment of their originally 
approved objective. 
JEP application forms and contracts were revised in order to focus the objectives of Tempus 
projects, and of activities directly related to achieving these objectives. Progress towards 
the originally approved objective has become an increasingly important condition for 
continuation of project-funding. 
2. To develop project contractors' and co-ordinators' skills to manage their 
project efficiently and in accordance with Tempus contractual rules 
Extensive training on contractual rules for National Tempus Office staff was carried out so 
as to transfer the necessary knowledge for providing support to project consortia at the 
partner country level. 
A handbook on how to manage a Joint European Project was published and distributed to 
project co-ordinators and contractors as a practical tool for planning and implementation of 
project activities. 
Meetings on Tempus procedures and goal-oriented project management for JEP co­
ordinators and contractors were organised in most countries, with particular attention to 
those Partner States which can act as project contractors. These meetings proved to be 
excellent tools for streamlining otherwise isolated activities and dissemination of good 
practice. 
— 11 — 
3. To ensure that the implementation of project activities is correct and in line with 
the fulfilment of the project objective. 
Actions aiming at the close monitoring of running projects and their progress towards the 
expected objective were launched. In particular, a combined approach of desk and field 
monitoring was developed, in close co-operation with the National Tempus Offices. 
An intensive programme of monitoring visits, carried out by the EC Tempus Office and/or 
National Tempus Office representatives, was launched at the end of 1994 and continued 
during 1995. The programme involved a total of 130 visits in all the Phare countries. The 
main objective of monitoring visits was to assess the advancement of activities of those 
projects which appeared to have problems, and to provide advice on how to redirect 
activities towards the achievement of the planned objective. 
The monitoring programme outlined above has contributed in a substantial way to maximise the 
impact of the Tempus scheme in the Partner States, as well as increase the capacities of the 
National Tempus Offices in supporting the implementation of the Tempus Phare Programme at a 
decentralised level. 
Exploitation of outputs 
In summer 1995 the ETF launched the Tempus Output Promotions (TOP) project. Its mission 
was to maximise the (added) value of the Tempus scheme through analysis and dissemination of 
its achievements. 
The objectives, defined in Autumn 1995 and subsequently ratified by the Commission, the 
NTOs, and the CE Member State National Contact Points (NCP), are different for the two 
identified phases of the project. 
The first phase (10/95—1/97) will aim to enhance the visibility oï the scheme and further 
investigate ways of capitalising on the added value of the Tempus scheme, particularly in 
relation to other European programmes. 
The second phase (10/96—12/99) will be geared towards the further development and 
maintenance of mechanisms to disseminate outputs and added value of the Tempus scheme, 
building on the experience gained at local level from the JEN action. 
These objectives will be pursued through the development of data-collecting mechanisms, 
studies in thematic areas, an extensive publications programme, and participation in and 
organisation of various events. 
lo' 
Five projects are being launched for 1996, among them the Site Visit Programme. 
Site Visit Programme 
Organised within the framework of the TOP project, the Site Visit Programme aims to analyse 
the impact of the Tempus scheme on the development of university management practice in 
central and eastern Europe. A total of 9 missions to 18 institutions dravn from all 11 Phare 
countries will be organised to gather information. Since the start of the Tempus scheme these 
18 institutions have housed 380 JEPs and a large number of CMEs. The main aim of the 
individual institutional visits is to understand the ways in which Tempus projects have made a 
difference to the institutional management. 
— 12 
The exercise will result in a detailed report on the impact of Tempus on university management 
with recommendations concerning the future development of the scheme. 
Increased responsibility to National Tempus Offices (NTOs) 
An essential feature of Tempus is the transfer of responsibilities to the higher education 
institutions in the Partner States. This is for example well illustrated by the fact that in most 
countries universities are now able to be contractors for JEPs. 
This process has also been applied over recent years to the working relations between the 
Tempus Department of the ETF and the National Tempus Offices and reflects the logic of 
Tempus as a programme in the framework of Phare. 
In 1995 the relationship between the ETF in Torino and the NTOs was further reviewed. The 
outcome of this review has been an increase in the activities of the NTOs. 
In the reporting year the following activities have been fully or to a large extent transferred to the 
NTOs: 
With regard to JEPs 
• Parts of the technical assessment of JEPs, screening of the applications against the National 
Priorities; 
• Supervision of the local assessment of the academic quality of applications; 
• Some of the monitoring visits; 
• (Content) Evaluation of Final Reports (i.e. of JEPs which have started in 1992). 
With regard to JENs and CMEs 
• Assessment of applications. 
With regard to IMGs 
• Selection of East - West IMGs; 
• The Polish NTO is responsible for the whole East - West IMG cycle, issuing contracts and 
performing the whole follow-up exercise. 
A considerable portion of the work related to the Tempus Output Promotion Project, particularly 
in the area of collection of additional data was also delegated to some of the NTOs. 
A greater responsibility in the scheme is envisaged for the NTOs in the near future. Plans for 
this were drawn up in 1995 and will be discussed in 1996. 
Phare Partner State monographs 
During the course of 1994 work began on a series of studies of the impact of Tempus in seven 
(initially) of the eleven countries eligible to participate in Tempus (Phare) since 
September 1991: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Poland, Slovakia and 
Slovenia. The first of these studies examines the impact of Tempus in Slovakia and has been 
published in early 1995. The English versions of the other six are due in spring 1996. 
Translations will follow later. 
— 13 — 
Tacis 
Budget 
The total amount available for Tempus activities in the Tacis countries in 1995 was 23 MECU. 
Figure 7 shows the amounts allocated in the academic year 1995 for Tempus activities per 
country. Some of the figures are higher than the actual national allocation from the Tacis budget. 
In these cases additional funding was provided through the Inter-State Budget. For details about 
the allocations and additional funding please refer to the appropriate annexes to this document. 
The amounts are compared with the total Tempus expenditure in the Tacis countries. 
UZB 
UKR 
RF 
MNG 
MOL 
KYR 
KAZ 
GEO 
BR 
AZB 
ARM 1.4 
1.2 
28,9 
0.2 
0.2 
1.5 
1.1 
0.8 
0.8 
n 
J0.1 
0.1 
0.2 
0.2 
0.0 2.4 
M 1993-1995 
D1995 
2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 28,0 30,0 
Figure 7: Tempus funds in MECU per country (Tacis). Totals and 1995 figures 
Strategy, Pre-JEP and JEP 
Tempus II activities commenced with the academic year 1994/95. In order to prepare the first 
countries for the implementation of Joint European Projects (JEPs), one-year Pre-Joint European 
Projects (Pre-JEPs) were already financed in 1993. These concentrated on preparatory mobility 
of staff mostly for planning purposes (e.g. study and information gathering visits, preparation of 
institutional co-operation, staff updating and retraining, teaching assignments etc.) The 
countries eligible for these pre-programme activities in the academic year 1993/94 were 
Belarus, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine. 
— 14 
This two-phase project cycle has been maintained. Projects are designed by the future 
co-operation partners during a Pre-JEP: a period of contact building and mobility in order to 
design high-quality JEP proposals. JEP grants are awarded to the most successful pre-JEPs after 
their completion. Joint European Projects focus on structural changes at the Partner State 
institution involved with the additional aim of creating centres disseminating examples of good 
practice to other institutes in the respective regions. 
In contrast to Tempus-Phare, participation in Tempus-Tacis in the Partner States is restricted to 
one university per project, while from the CE two or three higher education institutions from at 
least two different CE countries can participate. One institution from a non-CE (G24) country 
can also participate without, however, being eligible for financial support. 
Priorities 
During the first three selection rounds (including the pre-JEP selection round 1993) projects 
were selected in the following priority areas: 
humanities and social sciences (including law); 
political sciences; 
European studies; 
economics (not focusing on business/management); 
modern European languages (not focusing on literature or linguistics); 
improvement of university administration/management. 
For the countries Belarus, Moldova, the Russian Federation and Ukraine these priority areas 
were binding, i.e. no projects in other subject areas were selected. For the other countries they 
were advised as guidelines. 
The priority areas adapted constitute those areas in higher education which are most affected by 
the changes resulting from the transition of the Partner States to pluralistic, democratic, market 
based societies. While subject areas such as engineering and natural sciences also suffer from 
inadequate funding, they traditionally enjoyed a high standard of teaching and research in the 
former Soviet Union. In addition, the opening of those countries for international co-operation 
has created a tremendous demand for knowledge of modern European languages which cannot 
be satisfied within the current structures of language teaching in the Partner States. Also, it has 
been recognised that the improvement of the university management/administration is crucial in 
a situation where university autonomy has increased while, at the same time, state funding for 
universities has decreased. In addition, substantial changes in the academic areas such as those 
above will only be sustained through a well functioning university management structure. 
From 1996, the priority areas for Tempus Tacis will be agreed with each Partner State 
separately. 
— 15 — 
Selection procedure 
For Tempus Tacis, a two stage selection cycle was employed (see strategy, Pre-JEP and JEP). 
The first stage, carried out by the ETF Tempus Department, focused on the formal and technical 
aspects of the applications: number and eligibility of partners, adherence to priority areas, 
project management, financial request, feasibility of project objectives and strategy. During a 
second stage shortlisted projects were then assessed by senior academic experts from the CE 
and partner states with regard to their academic relevance. Based on the results of the two stages 
a list of projects proposed for funding and a reserve list was drawn up. The final decision was 
made by the European Commission. 
Results of the 1995 (pre-JEPs and JEPs) selection rounds 
435 Pre-JEP and 95 JEP applications were submitted in response to the 1995 call for 
applications. Out of these 87 Pre-JEPs and 31 JEPs were selected for support. This represents a 
success rate of 20% for pre-JEPs and 32.6% for JEPs. 
103 higher education institutions in the 11 Partner States eligible for participation in 1995 are 
involved in a Tempus project (both JEP and pre-JEP). This increases the overall number of 
Partner State institutions which have benefited from a Tempus grant to more than 140. Currently 
51 Partner State institutions are involved in a Joint European Project. 
Given the big differences between the Partner States in size, number of higher education 
institutions and budget available as well as the different stages of entering Tempus, the 
percentage of involvement o{ partner country institutions in Tempus differs greatly. While, for 
example, in Moldova one out of Ihree Moldovan higher education institutions has been involved 
in a Tempus project, in the Russian Federation only an estimated seven percent of Russian 
higher education institutions has benefited from a Tempus grant. In Ukraine this figure is around 
9 percent, in Belarus 14 percent and in Armenia 19 percent. In general it can be concluded that 
the percentage of involvement is lowest in large countries with many higher education 
institutions. 
During the selection of the 1995 projects, Tempus has aimed at covering all priority subject 
areas as listed above. As in previous years there has been an emphasis on the social sciences. 
University management was by far the most popular topic in this selection round. A comparison 
with the two previous years shows no recognisable shifts with regard to subject area distribution. 
For further statistical details, please refer to the annexes of this report. 
Monitoring 
The philosophy of Tempus Tacis monitoring is very much based on the expertise gained from 
Tempus Phare actions. 
The monitoring visits programme involved 55 projects in the Tacis countries in 1994/95, mainly 
performed by the Tempus Information Point in Moscow. 
— 16 — 
A comprehensive field monitoring strategy is being developed which will be co-ordinated with 
the Tacis monitoring system. 
Strategy review 1996 
In 1995 Tempus Tacis activities were reviewed. Starting from 1996, Tempus Tacis will 
introduce the following new features. 
Like Tempus Phare, Tempus Tacis will apply a more targeted country specific approach. The 
European Commission has agreed with the national authorities in the Partner States on national 
Tempus Tacis priorities which will be the basis for the 1996 call for applications. These 
priorities are designed to underpin the objectives of the overall Tacis programme. 
In addition to the currently existing project types, a new type of project, the Compact Project, 
will be introduced. Compact Projects should address precisely defined, short-term needs. They 
are self-contained projects and concentrate on one objective which can be achieved within 
18 months and with a maximum funding of 80,000 ECU. Compact Projects will focus on certain 
elements of university management/administration as well as the improvement of relations 
between universities and other parties in the international community, the national education 
system, the local economy and the social field. 
Further emphasis will also be made on networking amongst projects, the inclusion of further 
institutions in the project consortia and the dissemination of project results in the Partner States. 
The Tempus Information Point network 
In order to ensure appropriate support on the spot, Tempus Tacis has started in 1993 to set up a 
network of Tempus Information Points (TIPs) in the Partner States involved. The first TIP was 
established in the Russian Federation in October 1993. In 1994 the national authorities in the 
other Partner States were asked to nominate one person in their country as the Tempus 
Information Point. In 1995 TIPs were operating in Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, 
Moldova, Mongolia, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. In the Partner States where no TIP had 
been operating by 1995 negotiations were held in order to establish a TIP. 
The role of the TIPs is to assist in the implementation of the Tempus Tacis programme by 
disseminating information about the programme (including the Guide for applicants), providing 
information on the situation and development of higher education in the Partner States, giving 
practical support to project operators and initiating and supporting networking amongst projects 
as well as the dissemination of project outputs. In carrying out these activities the TIPs liaise 
and co-operate closely with the local Tacis Co-ordination Unit in order to ensure synergy 
between Tempus and Tacis. 
— 17 — 
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 
1. Tempus Phare Guide for applicants Academic Year 1995/96, in 9 languages 
DA Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-DA-C ISBN: 92-826-8418-0 
DE Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-DE-C ISBN: 92-826-8419-9 
EN Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-EN-C ISBN: 92-826-8421-0 
ES Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-ES-C ISBN: 92-826-8417-2 
FR Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-FR-C ISBN: 92-826-8422-9 
GR Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-GR-C ISBN: 92-826-8420-2 
IT Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-IT-C ISBN: 92-826-8423-7 
NL Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-NL-C ISBN: 92-826-8424-5 
PT Catalogue N° CY-84-94-848-PT-C ISBN: 92-826-8425-3 
2. Tempus Phare Compendium for 1994/95, in EN (introduction in DE, EN, FR) 
EN Catalogue N° CY-85-94-785-EN-C ISBN: 92-826-8871-2 
3. Tempus Phare Joint European Managment Handbook 1994/95, in EN, DE, FR 
Catalogue N° none ISBN: none 
4. Tempus Tacis Guide for applicants Pre-JEP phase Academic Year 1995/96 in 9 languages. 
DA Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-DA-C ISBN: 92-826-8715-5 
DE Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-DE-C ISBN: 92-826-8716-3 
EN Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-EN-C ISBN: 92-826-8718-X 
ES Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-ES-C ISBN: 92-826-8714-7 
FR Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-FR-C ISBN: 92-826-8719-8 
GR Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-GR-C ISBN: 92-826-8717-1 
IT Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-IT-C ISBN: 92-826-8720-1 
NL Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-NL-C ISBN: 92-826-8721-X 
PT Catalogue N° CY-85-94-575-PT-C ISBN: 92-826-8722-8 
5. Tempus Tacis Compendium for 1994/95 in EN (introduction in DE, EN, FR) 
EN Catalogue N° CE-85-94-777-EN-C ISBN: 92-826-8870-4 
6. Tempus Phare Country Monographs 
N°l: The Slovak Republic in EN, FR, DE 
DE Catalogue N° CY-85-94-583-DE-C ISBN: 92-826-8723-6 
EN Catalogue N° CY-85-94-583-EN-C ISBN: 92-826-8724-4 
FR Catalogue N° CY-85-94-583-FR-C ISBN: 92-826-8725-2 
N°2: The Czech Republic in EN, FR, DE 
DE Catalogue N° C2-93-95-742-E 
EN Catalogue N° C2-93-95-742-E 
FR Catalogue N° C2-93-95-742-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-5945-8 DE Catalogue N° C2-93-95-742-DE-C ISBN: 92-827-5908-3 
EN Catalogue N° C2-93-95-742-EN-C ISBN: 92-827-5909-1 
— 18 
N°3: Romania in EN, FR, DE 
DE Catalogue N° C2-93-95-750-DE-C ISBN: 92-827-5987-3 
EN Catalogue N° C2-93-95-750-EN-C ISBN: 92-827-5988-1 
FR Catalogue N° C2-93-95-750-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-5997-0 
N°4: Bulgaria in EN, FR, DE 
DE Catalogue N° C2-93-95-758-DE-C ISBN: 92-827-5998-9 
EN Catalogue N° C2-93-95-758-EN-C ISBN: 92-827-5999-7 
FR Catalogue N° C2-93-95-758-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-6000-6 
N°5: Hungary in EN, FR, DE 
DE Catalogue N° C2-93-95-774-DE-C ISBN: 92-827-6004-9 
EN Catalogue N° C2-93-95-774-EN-C ISBN: 92-827-6005-7 
FR Catalogue N° C2-93-95-774-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-6006-5 
N°6: Slovenia in EN, FR, DE 
DE Catalogue N° C2-93-95-766-DE-C ISBN: 92-827-6001-4 
EN Catalogue N° C2-93-95-766-EN-C ISBN: 92-827-6002-2 
FR Catalogue N° C2-93-95-766-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-6003-0 
N°7: Poland in EN, FR, DE 
DE Catalogue N° C2-93-95-782-DE-C ISBN: 92-827-6007-3 
EN Catalogue N° C2-93-95-782-EN-C ISBN: 92-827-6008-1 
FR Catalogue N° C2-93-95-782-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-6009-X 
7. Tempus Phare & Tacis Annual Report 1993/94 in 9 languages (digest in FI & SV) 
DA Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-DA-C ISBN: 92-827-0206-5 
DE Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-DE-C ISBN: 92-827-0207-3 
EN Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-EN-C ISBN: 92-827-0209-X 
ES Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-ES-C ISBN: 92-827-0205-7 
FR Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-0210-3 
GR Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-GR-C ISBN: 92-827-0208-1 
IT Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-IT-C ISBN: 92-827-0211-1 
NL Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-NL-C ISBN: 92-827-0212-X 
PT Catalogue N° CY-88-95-525-PT-C ISBN: 92-827-0213-8 
8. Tempus Leaflet in 3 languages 
Catalogue N° none ISBN: none 
9. Tempus Phare Guide for applicants Academic Year 1996/97, in LI,languages 
DA Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-DA-Ç ISBN: 92-827-4415-9 
DE Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-DE-C ISBN: 92-827-4416-7 
EN Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-EN-C ISBN: 92-827-4418-3 
ES Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-ES-C ISBN: 92-827-4414-0 
FR Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-4419-1 
— 19 — 
GR Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-GR-C ISBN: 92-827-4417-5 
IT Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-IT-C ISBN: 92-827-4420-5 
NL Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-NL-C ISBN: 92-827-4421-3 
PT Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-PT-C ISBN: 92-827-4422-1 
FI Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-PT-C ISBN: 92-827-4423-X 
SV Catalogue N° C2-89-95-923-PT-C ISBN: 92-827-4424-8 
10. Tempus Phare Compendium for 1995/96, in EN (introduction in DE, EN, FR) 
EN Catalogue N° C2-92-95-748-EN-C ISBN: 92-827-5476-6 
11. Tempus Phare Flagship JEP - Vol. 1 in EN, FR, DE 
DE Catalogue N° C2-90-95-017-DE-C ISBN: 92-827-4484-1 
EN Catalogue N° C2-90-95-017-EN-C ISBN: 92-827-4485-X 
FR Catalogue N° C2-90-95-017-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-4496-8 
12. Tempus Phare Joint European Managment Handbook 1994/95, in EN, DE, FR 
DE Catalogue N° C2-88-95-937-DE-C ISBN: 92-827-4692-5 
EN Catalogue N° C2-88-95-937-EN-C ISBN: 92-826-4288-7 
FR Catalogue N° C2-88-95-937-FR-C ISBN: 92-827-4693-3 
13. Tempus Tacis Guide for applicants Pre-JEP pha^e Academic Year 1996/97 in 
11 languages. 
DA Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-DA-C ISBN: 92-9157-012-5 
DE Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-DE-C ISBN: 92-9157-013-3 
EN Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-EN-C ISBN: 92-9157-015-X 
ES Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-ES-C ISBN: 92-9157-011-7 
FR Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-FR-C ISBN: 92-9157-016-8 
GR Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-GR-C ISBN: 92-9157-014-1 
IT Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-IT-C ISBN: 92-9157-017-6 
NL Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-NL-C ISBN: 92-9157-018-4 
PT Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-PT-C ISBN: 92-9157-019-2 
FI Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-PT-C ISBN: 92-9157-020-6 
SV Catalogue N° C2-93-95-629-PT-C ISBN: 92-9157-021-4 
20 — 
ANNEX 1 
The Tempus Scheme: Overall statistics 
B Phare 
1. BUDGET: 
TotaiTem^us budget (in MECU) 320.81 
National indicative programme 272.16 
Regional funds 37.75 
Other Phare sources 10.90 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of JEPs supported 750 
of which new 
Mobility.flows within JEPs* 42J84 
Staff from CEE 15,762 
Staff to CEE 9,864 
Students from CEE 14,645 
Students to CEE 2,196 
Number of JENs supported 
Of which new * 
Number of Complementary Measures supported 138 
Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded 6,864 
from CEE 5,257 
to CEE 1,607 Trnipii-
1994 
95.9 
95.9 
464 
239 
19,550 
7,551 
5,927 
5,061 
1,011 
38 
38 
25 
1,369 
1,207 
162 1995 
102.1 
102.1 
485 
229 
16,641 
6,718 
5,542 
3,653 
728 
112 
83 
100 
1,271 
1,271 
1 Total 
518.81 
470.16 
37.75 
10.90 
1218 
78,658 
30,031 
21,333 
23,359 
3,935 
121 
263 
9,504 
7,735 
1,769 
Please note that the 1994 and 1995 figures are projected figures. They represent the amount of planned mobility for the 
given years. The pluri-annual funding of projects implies that precise data are not yet available. Experience has taught 
that the final figures are likely to be slightly smaller. 
Tacis 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
Number of partner states involved 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of Pre-JEPs supported 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Staff mobility within Pre-JEPs 
Staff mobility within JEPs 
Student mobility within JEPs 
Number of Partner State univ. involved in JEPs 1993 
3.45 
3 
74 
1421 1994 
22 
7 
76 
28 
28 
1174 
586 
156 1995 
22.797 
11 
87 
59 
31 
1304 
916 
95 Total 
48.247 
11 
237 
59 
3899 
1502 
251 
51 
1 Exceptionally, for 1995/1996 only requests for East-West grants were supported. 
— 21 
Phare JEP distribution by country in 1995/96 
Country involvement 
New JEPs in 1995/96 
Number | % (*) AU JEPs running in 1995/96 
Number , | % (*) 
CE Member States 
Austria 
Belgium 
Denmark 
Finland 
France 
Germany 
Greece 
Ireland 
Italy 
Luxembourg 
Netherlands 
Portugal 
Spain 
Sweden 
United Kingdom 
Partner States 
Albania 
Bulgaria 
Czech Republic 
Estonia 
Hungary 
Latvia 
Lithuania 
Poland 
Romania 
Slovak Republic 
Other G24 Sic 
Canada 
Iceland 
Norway 
Switzerland 
USA 28 
61 
33 
21 
98 
115 
31 
29 
65 
. 1 
74 
36 
46 
29 > 
150 
6 
28 
19 
4 
38 
5 
10 
65 
36 
14 
7 12.2 
26.6 
14.4 
9.2 
42.8 
50.2 
13.5 
12.7 
28.4 
0.4 
32.3 
15.7 
14.6 
12.7 
65.5 
2.6 
12.2 
8.3 
1.7 
16.6 
2,2 
4.4 
28.4 
15.7 
6.1 
3.1 
0.4 
0.9 
2.2 
1.7 
1.3 l;|ÏJÎ42Mlllp 
W:;;|:g,;:!;3f!igg||S:'S:: 
lllÉïilSi? Illilljllj 
iiiili^iis 
lïlïiïîjpil: 
ÏWlilÊIS;: 
liij^Slliii 
lllllîïïl 
l||i:55||||p:: 
14 
59 
34 
13 
83 
13 
18 
155 
;:60 
31 
12 
2 
2 
11 
7 
13 9.5 
29.3 
14.6 
7.0 
44.5 
51.5 
18.1 
16.7 
32.4 
0.4 
30.9 
16.7 
25.4 
11.3 
63.9 
2.9 
12.2 
7.0 
2.7 
17.1 
2.7 
3.7 
32.0 
12.4 
6.4 
2.5 
0.4 
0.4 
2.3 
1.4 
2.7 
Total 229 485 
*• ' The figures in this column indicate the percentage of projects in'which the country in question appears. 
— 22 — 
Tacis Pre-JEP/JEP distribution by country in 1995/96 
Country involvement 
New Pre-JEPs and JEPs 
in 1995/96 All JEPs and Pre-JEPs 
running in 1995/96 
CE Member States 
Austria 
Belgium 
Denmark 
Finland 
France 
Germany 
Greece 
Ireland 
Italy 
Luxembourg 
Netherlands 
Portugal 
Spain 
Sweden 
United Kingdom 
Partner States 
Armenia 
Azerbaijan 
Belarus 
Georgia 
Kazakhstan 
Kyrgyzstan 
Moldova 
Mongolia 
Russian Federation 
Ukraine 
Uzbekistan Number 
9 
20 
9 
. 7 
36 
46 
10 
8 
23 
1 
22 
2 
21 
7 
56 
5 
4 
7 
5 
9 
3 
6 
5 
53 
15 
6 %(*) 
7.6 
16.9 
7.6 
5.9 
30.5 
39 
8.5 
6.8 
19.5 
0.8 
18.6 
1.7 
17.8 
5.9 
47.5 
4.2 
3.4 
5.9 
4.2 
7.6 
2.5 
5.1 
4.2 
44.9 
12.7 
5.1 Number 
9 
27 
11 
7 
49 
57 
11 
10 
26 
1 
27 
4 
27 
7 
69 
5 
4 
11 
5 
9 
3 
5 
6 
73 
19 
6 
Other G24 
USA %(*) 
6.2 
18.5 
7.5 
4.8 
33.6 
39 
7.5 
6.8 
17.8 
0.7 
18.6 
2.7 
18.5 
4.8 
47.3 
3.4 
2.7 
7.5 
3.4 
6.2 
2.1 
3.4 
4.1 
50.0 
13.0 
4.1 
1.7 
Total 118 145 
— 23 — 
Phare 
Subject area JEP distribution by subject area in 1995/96 
Humanities 
Social Sciences 
Management and Business 
Natural Sciences and Mathematics 
Applied Sciences and Technology 
Art and Design 
Languages 
Other 
JEP+ Areas New JEPs 1990/96 
Number 
7 
29 
37 
18 
101 
0 
11 
26 % 
3.0 
12.6 
16.1 
7.7 
43.6 
0 
4.7 
11.3 All runniii" JEPs 
Number 
16, 
55 
88 
224 
3 
19 
40 
11 % 
3.3 
11.3 
18.1 
6.0 
46.3 
0.6 
3.9 
8.2 
2.3 
Total 229 100% 466 
The sub-groups under Applied Sciences and Technology are the follotcing: 
Agricultural Sciences 21 
Health Sciences 22 
Environmental Sciences 47 
Information Technology 34 
Engineering and Technology 76 
Architecture and Urban planning 13 
Other 11 100% 
3.4 
4.5 
10.5 
7.5 
16 
2.1 
2.1 
Tacis Pre-JEP/JEP distribution by priority area in 1995/96 
New project* 
Stilnecl area 
Humanities and Social Sciences (including Law) 8 26 
Political Sciences 
European Studies 
Economics (not focusing on business/management) 7 22 
Modern European languages 6 19 
University management/administration 9 29 
Other 1 3 Running projects 
Number 
40 
1 
4 
23 
24 
39 
15 % 
27 
0.6 
2.7 
15.7 
16 
27 
10 
Total 31 100% 146 100% 
24 — 
Phare CME distribution by subject area in 1995/96 
1st round 2nd round 
applications selected applications selected 
Albania 
Bulgaria 
Czech Republic 
Estonia 
Hungaiy 
Latvia 
Lithuania 
Poland 
Romania 
Slovakia 
Slovenia 16 
34 
14 
8 
21 
5 
4 
64 
27 
8 
7 8 
15 
4 
2 
4 
1 
1 
22 
16 
3 
1 
CME distribution by subject area in 1995/96 
Distribution of the different 
strands among the accepted 
CME proposals in both 
selection rounds. 
13% 80% 
D Strand 1 
Q Strand 2 
D Strand 3 
Strand 1 : Institutional restructuring and university management development 
1 a. Preparatory studies 
lb. Implementation or previous findings 
Strand 2: Dissemination of Tempus or other project results 
Strand 3: Policy development at national authority level 
— 25 £.6-
Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 
Fact sheet Albania 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National indicative programme 
Regional funds 
Other Phare sources 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Mobility flows within JEPs 
Staff from Albania 
Staff to Albania 
Students from Albania 
Students to Albania 
Number of institutions participating in JEPs 
Number of JENs supported 
Number of Complementary Measures supported 
Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded 
from Albania 
to Albania Tempus I 
1990-1993 
6.19 
3.7 
0.09 
2.4 
13 
413 
171 
121 
115 
6 Tempus II 
226 
180 
46 1994 
2.4 
2.4 1995 
3.7 
3.7 
17 
5 
452 
208 
161 
79 
4 
0 
2 
191 
182 
9 13 
6 
445 
227 
176 
42 
0 
^8 
0 
10 
295 
295 Total 
12.29 
9.80 
0.09 
2.4 
24 
1,310 
606 
458 
236 
10 
0 . 
16 
712 
657 
55 
Priorities for Albania: 
1. Architecture, Urban and Regional planning 
2. Agrofood Technologies 
3. Business Administration and Industrial Management 
4. Mathematics and Informatics 
5. Psychology and Pedagogy 
6. Sociology and Philosophy 
The strategy behind the setting of the priorities 
mainly concentrated on covering areas not previously 
dealt with by Tempus projects and promoting a broad 
regional involvement of Albanian universities, in 
order to spread the benefit of the support as widely 
as possible. Only structural JEPs have been 
considered. 
All these priority areas have been covered by the new 
projects accepted Subject areas covered by all projects: 
D 
7% E 
14% 
A: Applied Sciences 
B: Natural Sciences 
C: Management & Business 
D: Humanities 
E: Education 
— 27 
Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 
Fact sheet Bulgaria 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National indicative programme 
Regional funds 
Other Phare sources 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Mobility flows within JEPs 
Staff from Bulgaria 
Staff to Bulgaria 
Students from Bulgaria 
Students to Bulgaria 
Number of institutions participating in JEPs 
Number of JENs supported 
Number of Complementary Measures supported 
Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded 
from Bulgaria 
to Bulgaria IVmpiis I 
1991-1993 
30.63 
28 
2.63 
80 
3,093 
1,486 
835 
686 
86 Tcmpii" II 
35 
564 
474 
90 1994 
12 
12 12 
59 
32 
1,863 
857 
682 
277 
47 
1 
7 
246 
155 
19 57 
28 
1,815 
877 
638 
259 
41 
83 
9 
18 
143 
143 Total 
54.63 
52 
2.63 
140 
6,771 
3,220 
2,155 
1,222 
174 
60 
881 
772 
109 
Priorities for Bulgaria: 
Structural Priorities 
1. The improvement of curricula and study programmes 
with a view to the introduction of new degrees in 
higher education. 
2. The improvement of the relationship between 
theoretical and practical preparation of students and 
the introduction of interactive teaching methods. 
3. The development of inter-university networks for co­
operation and joint programmes with a view to the 
future consolidation of higher education institutions on 
a regional basis. 
4. The development of short (1-2 year) programmes for 
continuing education aimed at the upgrading of 
existing skills or the development of new qualifications. 
Subject priorities 
1. Economics (banking, state finance and taxation policy, 
agrobusiness); 
2. Social and political sciences (social psychology, social 
and health insurance, political sciences); European 
integration (European Trade Law, European environment 
legislation, foreign languages); 
3. Agriculture and food processing; 
4. Engineering and applied sciences (CE standardisation 
in production quality control, energy saving and low 
energy technology, environmental protection); 
5. Medicine and health services. During the process of priority setting, the Ministry of 
Education was particularly keen to bring the Tempus 
structural priorities closer to national policies in higher 
education, in order to develop Tempus into an important 
tool for national educational reform. 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Applied Sciences & Technology 
B: Management & Business 
C: Social Sciences 
D: Humanities 
E: Languages 
F: JEP+ areas 
C: Others 
— 28 
Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 
Fact sheet Estonia 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National indicative programme 
Regional funds 
Other Phare sources 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Mobility flows within JEPs 
Staff from Estonia 
Staff to Estonia 
Students from Estonia 
Students to Estonia 
Number of institutions participating in JEPs 
Number of JENs supported 
Number of Complementary Measures supported 
Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded 
from Estonia 
to Estonia T('III|MIS I 
1992-1993 
4.63 
2.5 
0.03 
2.1 
':. 17 '• 
330 
124 
98 
99 
9 TrmiHis II 
156 
126 
30 1994 
1.5 
1.5 1995 
1.5 
1.5 
|;I9± 
13 
444 
146 
183 
106 
9 
0 
62 
57 
5 12 
4 
251 
114 
105 
31 
1 
12 
0 
66 
66 Total 
7.63 
5.5 
0.03 
2.1 
34 
1,025 
384 
386 
236 
19 
0 
7 
284 
284 
35 
Priorities for Estonia: 
1. Introduction of information technology in higher 
education (including computerised teaching materials; 
utilisation of international educational networks and 
databases). 
2. Review and upgrading of teaching methods (including 
the review of curricula and introduction of quality assurance). 
3. Promotion of courses aimed at the strengthening of 
university co-operation with enterprises and the wider 
community. 
4. Promotion of co-operation between Estonian higher 
education institutions to produce a wider impact on 
the whole higher education system. 
5. Multiplier effect. 
6. Estonian coordinator. 
The Estonian priorities and preferences reflect the overall 
intention to enhance the efficiency and flexibility of the 
teaching process and university structures. 
They targeted: 
• the modernisation of teaching processes and university 
management; 
• the need to introduce modernised and flexible 
teaching methods; 
• the establishment of structures for co-operation between 
higher education, industry and the private sector 
The preferences reflect the necessity to maximise the 
benefit of a small budget, by including several Estonian 
higher education institutions in single projects. Furthermore, Estonian higher education institutions were encouraged to 
assume project co-ordination with the intention of transferring 
know-how in the management of international co-operation 
projects. 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
G 
8% H 
8% 
A: Applied Sciences 
B: Natural Sciences 
C: Management & Business 
D: Social Sciences 
E: Humanities 
F: Education 
G: Arts 
H: Other 
JS-
Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 
Fact sheet Hungary 
1. BUDGET: 
Total tempus budget (in MECU) 
National indicative programme 
Regional funds 
Other Phare sources 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Mobility flows within JEPs 
Staff from Hungary 
Staff to Hungaiy 
Students from Hungary 
Students to Hungary 
Number of institutions participating in JEPs 
Number of JENs supported 
Number of Complementary Measures supported 
Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded 
from Hungaiy 
to Hungaiy Tempus I 
1990-1993 
59.9 
50.2 
9.7 
204 
9,479 
3,005 
1,966 
3,845 
663 Tempus II 
73 
944 
581 
363 1994 
16 
16 1995 
16 
16 
66 
41 
2,707 
1,009 
691 
819 
188 
8 
7 
63 
41 
22 83 
38 
2,815 
1,073 
963 
602 
177 
115 
23 
8 
28 
28 Total 
91.9 
82.2 
9.7 
283 
15,001 
5,087 
3,620 
5,266 
1,028 
31 
88 
1,035 
650 
385 
Priorities for Hungary: 
1. European Studies. 
2. Development of new curricula leading to the creation 
of new academic and professional profiles in higher 
education institutions coherent with the reconstruction 
of the economy and the development strategy of the 
institution concerned. 
3. Comprehensive development of a whole institution or a 
large part of it in accordance with the development 
strategy of the institution concerned. 
4. Postgraduate education: course development and the 
establishment of PhD programmes in universities. 
5. Support for trans-European networks for student 
mobility. 
6. Development of university management. 
7. Development of university capacity to provide continuing 
education. 
8. Significant contribution to current Phare project. 
The priority areas were aimed at: 
• modernisation and development of Hungarian higher 
education; 
• consistency with earlier achievements of the Tempus 
scheme; 
• the establishment of European university networks; 
• the development and improvement of institutional 
financial management, human resources development, 
internal quality assurance systems, library management 
etc.; harmonising the Hungarian Tempus goals with those 
of Phare and to assure synergy with other components 
of it. 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Applied Sciences 
B: Natural Sciences 
C: Management & Business 
D: Social Sciences 
E: Humanities 
F: Education 
C: Languages 
H: Arts 
I: Other 
_3Û_ 
Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 
Fact sheet Latvia 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National indicative programme 
Regional funds 
Other Phare sources 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Mobility flows within JEPs 
Staff from Latvia 
Staff to Latvia 
Students from Latvia 
Students to Latvia 
Number of institutions participating in JEPs 
Number of JENs supported 
Number of Complementary Measures supported 
Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded 
from Latvia 
to Latvia Tempus I 
1992-1993 
6.2 
3.5 
2.7 
17 
589 
219 
140 
190 
40 Tt'iiinus II 
139 
94 
45 1994 
: ; 2 
2 1995 
2 
2 
19 
6 
802 
260 
299 
202 
41 
0 
2 
75 
71 
4 13 
5 
389 
163 
152 
72 
2 
18 
0 
75 
75 Total 
10.2 
7.5 
2.7 
28 
1,780 
642 
591 
464 
83 
0 
9 
289 
240 
49 
Priorities for Latvia: 
1. Restructuring and strengthening of higher education 
institutions' capacities to integrate education and 
research. 
2. Development of vocationally oriented study programmes 
relevant to the needs of the modern labour market, 
within this priority, preference' has been given to 
projects creating facilities for continuing education. 
3. Creation of facilities with modern technologies for 
teacher training and updating within higher education 
institutions. Within this priority area preference has 
been given to projects targeted at teachers and school 
types not yet represented in Tempus projects running 
before, e.g. teachers in technical vocational schools. 
• The first priority was aimed at narrowing the gap 
between teaching and research in place under the 
former Soviet system. Based on the results of a CME + 
project financed in 1994, this priority encouraged the 
integration of existing research capacities, both in 
terms of staff as well as facilities, into the teaching 
process. 
• The second priority reflects the necessity to support 
the development of vocational study programmes at 
the level of higher education. In addition to bachelor 
and master level studies this includes the provision of 
continuing education. Teacher training, the third priority, is high on the 
Latvian agenda for the development of the education 
sector, given the current lack of a coherent and 
flexible system for pre-and in-service training capable 
of responding to changing educational standards and 
needs. 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
Applied Sciences 
Natural Sciences 
Social Sciences 
JEP+ areas 
Education 
Arts 
— 31 — 
Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 
Fact sheet Lithuania 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National indicative programme 
Regional funds 
Other Phare sources 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Mobility flows within JEPs 
Staff from Lithuania 
Staff to Lithuania 
Students from Lithuania 
Students to Lithuania 
Number of institutions participating in JEPs 
Number of JENs supported 
Number of Complementary Measures supported 
Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded 
from Lithuania 
to Lithuania Tempus I 
1992-1993 
6.7 
4 
2.7 
.• i6:J;;:-
541 
225 
132 
154 
30 Tempus II 
147 
90 
57 1994 
2 
2 1995 
3.5 
3.5 
20 
5 
660 
279 
167 
197 
17 
0 
4 
46 
42 
4 18 
10 
602 
221 
214 
162 
5 
21 
0 
2 
39 
39 Total 
12.2 
9.5 
2.7 
31 
1,803 
725 
513 
513 
52 
0 
13 
232 
171 
61 
Priorities for Lithuania: 
1. Introduction and support of projects in student mobility, 
particularly those encouraging the establishment of 
long-term structures for international co-operation and 
academic recognition; 
2. Development of information structures, networks and 
technologies within higher education (e.g. modernisation 
of libraries and access to databases); 
3. Development of curricula geared towards the needs of 
the modem labour market, in particular curricula 
which contribute to the development of universities' 
capacities for the provision of continuing education. 
Preference was given to projects involving more than one 
Lithuanian higher education institution and to projects 
which attract complementary funding. 
The Lithuanian priorities reflect the aim to encourage 
structural change leading to a modernised, flexible and 
internationally open education system. 
• The strengthening of structures to facilitate student 
mobility and academic recognition is a structural 
necessity for international co-operation in education. 
• Preference was given to projects which are aimed at 
introducing information technologies into the teaching 
process and university management. 
• The third priority is to strengthen the ability of higher 
education to respond to the changing needs of the 
Lithuanian labour market. The preferences also reflected the desire to support 
university/industry co-operation by encouraging applicants 
to find complementary funding. 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Applied Sciences 
B: Natural Sciences 
C: Management & Business 
D: Social Sciences 
E: Other 
— 31 — 
Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 
Fact sheet Poland 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National indicative programme 
Regional funds 
Other Phare sources 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Mobility flows within JEPs 
Staff from Poland 
Staff to Poland 
Students from Poland 
Students to Poland 
Number of institutions participating in JEPs 
Number of JENs supported 
Number of Complementary Measures supported 
Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded 
from Poland 
to Poland Tempus I 
1990-1993 
97.53 
86.9 
10.63 
248 
•12,578 
4,393 
2,942 
4,616 
627 Tempus II 
76 
2,190 
1,739 
451 1994 
35 
35 1995 
30 
30 
:':;-:;175; 
91 
7,263 
2,851 
2,122 
1,910 
380 
16 
14 
339 
307 
32 156 
65 
5,348 
2,120 
1,667 
1,338 
223 
224 
12 
26 
275 
275 Total 
162.53 
151.90 
10.63 
404 
25,189 
9,364 
6,731 
7,864 
1,230 
28 
116 
2,804 
2,321 
483 
Priorities for Poland: 
Structural Joint European Projects 
1. Areas related to economic and technological development: 
• economics and management in the business, financial, 
agricultural, transport, building and health care sectors; 
• engineering and technology; 
• environmental studies; 
• urban/regional planning and public utility management. 
Projects in this area had to include one or more of the 
following objectives: 
• development of university co-operation; 
• development or restructuring of curricula for bachelor 
degree courses; 
• general reform of the education system in a faculty/ 
department; 
• development or modernisation of continuing education 
courses 
2. Areas linked to social and political change: 
• social psychology; 
•' social and political sciences including aspects related to 
public administration and local government; 
• negotiation, arbitration and labour market studies; 
• social protection and unemployment; 
• communication and public relations. 
3. Areas related to European integration: 
• European studies including European languages; 
• international, European and comparative law; economics 
of European integration. 
4., Special Joint European-Projects designed to improve university 
administration 
5. university-industry co-operation. Mobility Joint European Projects 
Mobility projects in all fields of study and areas, including 
interdisciplinary projects involving for example several 
departments of a university, which lead to the introduction of a 
credit transfer system. 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Applied Sciences 
B: Education 
C: Natural Sciences 
D: Management & Business 
E: Social Sciences F: Humanities 
G: JEP+ areas 
H: Other 
I: Languages 
— 3?> — 
Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 
Fact sheet Czech Republic2 
1993 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 10.94 
National indicative programme 8 
Regional funds 2.94 
Other Phare sources 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of JEPs supported 81 
of which new 
Mobility flows within JEPs .. 1,861 
Staff from the Czech Republic 691 
Staff to the Czech Republic 428 
Students from the Czech Republic 612 
Students to the Czech Republic 130 
Number of institutions participating in JEPs 
Number of JENs supported 
Number of Complementary Measures supported 3 
Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded 240 
from the Czech Republic 151 
to the Czech Republic 89 Tempus II 
1994 
5.5 
5.5 1995 
8.0 
8 
41 
15 
1,624 
553 
522 
404 
145 
10 
8 
83 
54 
29 33 
14 
1,184 
510 
381 
199 
94 
57 
13 
4 
59 
59 Total 
24.44 
21.5 
2.94 
110 
4,669 
1,754 
1,331 
1,215 
369 
23 
15 
382 
264 
118 
Priorities for the Czech Republic: 
1. Development of a European dimension within 
higher education provision which addresses the 
practical requirements of the implementation of 
the Europe Agreement in: 
• law 
• applied social science 
• quality control in industry. 
2. Increasing the compatibility with CE universities 
in: 
• curricula and degrees 
• credit systems and credit transfer 
• evaluation and accreditation 
through student mobility projects in the following 
subject areas: 
• applied economics and business administration 
• engineering. 
3. Promotion of co-operation between universities 
and the private sector in the area of human 
resource development, particularly in the following 
subjects: 
• health care management 
• agrobusiness. Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Management & Business 
B: Social Sciences 
C: Humanities 
D: Education 
E: JEP+ areas 
F: Others 
For 1990-1992 see Fact sheet Czechoslovakia. 
— 3<t — 
Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 
Fact sheet Slovak Republic3 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National indicative programme 
Regional funds 
Other Phare sources 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Mobility flows within JEPs 
Staff from the Slovak Republic 
Staff to the Slovak Republic 
Students from the Slovak Republic 
Students to the Slovak Republic 
Number of institutions participating in JEPs 
Number of JENs supported 
Number of Complementary Measures supported 
Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded 
from the Slovak Republic 
to the Slovak Republic Tempus I 
1993 
6.18 
5 
1.18 
46 
924 
365 
226 
292 
41 Tempus II 
136 
95 
41 1994 
5 
5 1995 
33 
15 
1,001 
320 
236 
391 
54 
2 
4 
73 
64 
9 31 
14 
939 
401 
277 
212 
49 
45 
8 
4 
70 
70 Total 
16.18 
15 
1.18 
75 
2,864 
1,086 
739 
895 
144 
10 
10 
279 
229 
50 
Priorities for the Slovak Republic: 
Development of integrated and interdisciplinary studies 
with emphasis on compatibility with CE universities 
Regional and structural diversification of higher education 
provision (including open and distance learning) in order 
to broaden opportunities both geographically and in terms 
of new target groups. 
Development of the content of courses to address the 
changing needs of the labour market. 
Promotion of technology transfer between universities and 
enterprises. 
Development of a European dimension which addresses 
the practical requirements associated with the 
implementation of the Europe Agreement. 
Subject areas 
1. law (environmental law, fiscal law and law relating to 
new patterns of ownership in a market economy); 
2. quality control in engineering; 
3. information and telecommunication technology; 
4. environmental-management and biodiversity protection; 
5. preventive and diagnostic community health care; 
6. private sector accounting 
7. modern language teaching, with emphasis on: 
• diversification of languages taught; 
• applied linguistics; 
. • language for specific purposes. 
3 For 1990-1992 see Fact sheet Czechoslovakia. 8. reform of teacher training curricula for primary and 
secondary school teachers. 
Special emphasis was put on Slovak coordination and/or 
contracting of the new JEPs. 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Applied Sciences 
B: Natural Sciences 
C: Management & Business 
D: Social Sciences E: Humanities 
F: Education 
G: Languages 
— 35 
Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 
Fact sheet Romania 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National indicative programme 
Regional funds 
Other Phare sources 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Mobility flows within JEPs 
Staff from Romania 
Staff to Romania 
Students from Romania 
Students to Romania 
Number of institutions participating in JEPs 
Number of JENs supported 
Number of Complementary Measures supported 
Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded 
from Romania 
to Romania Tempus I 
1991-1993 
41.75 
41 
0.75 
94 
6,088 
2,444 
1,437 
1,975 
232 T«'IIII>IIS II 
32 
692 
580 
112 1994 
12 
12 1995 
18 
18 
51 
24 
2,112 
834 
661 
528 
89 
0 
9 
192 
162 
30 59 
36 
2,470 
888 
824 
638 
120 
190 
13 
18 
160 
160 Total 
71.75 
71 
0.75 
154 
10,670 
4,166 
2,922 
3,141 
441 
13 
59 
1,044 
902 
142 
Priorities for Romania: 
1. Development of university short-cycle higher 
education (colegii) related to public policy and in the 
areas leading to economic growth and employment 
(medical and social science, banking and finance, 
tourism, mass-media, translating and interpreting). 
2. Restructuring of university management (administration, 
finance, organisation of multi-disciplinary research 
centres, university infrastructure etc.). 
3. Health care management aiming at improvement of the 
administration and management of public and private 
hospitals and other suppliers of health services and 
pharmacy. 
4. Development of courses dealing with nuclear safety 
and radiation protection. 
5. Development of higher education in public administration 
and political sciences. 
6. Development of courses in natural resource management, 
particularly taking into account the economic 
dimension. 
7. Development of master's degree courses in natural 
sciences (mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, 
geology) and humanities (law pedagogy, psychology). 
8. Development of projects aiming at the creation of 
networks for student mobility. 
9. A special Joint European Project on the teaching of 
basis economics was funded at the request of the 
Romanian authorities. The priorities for 1995/6, all of which were covered by 
accepted projects, reflect the structural reforms underway 
in higher education as well as the rapid changes ongoing 
in the country as a whole. 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
G H 
20% 
A: Applied Sciences 
B: Natural Sciences 
C: Education 
D: Social Sciences 
E: Humanities 
F: JEP+ areas 
C: Management & Business 
H: Other 
I: Languages 
— 36 
Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 
Fact sheet Slovenia4 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National indicative programme 
Regional funds 
Other Phare sources 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Mobility flows within JEPs 
Staff from Slovenia 
Staff to Slovenia 
Students from Slovenia 
Students to Slovenia 
Number of institutions participating in JEPs 
Number of JENs supported 
Number of Complementary Measures supported 
Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded 
from Slovenia 
to Slovenia Tfiiipus I 
1992-1993 
6.57 
4.8 
0.77 
1 
/ 44 ?:;: 
481 
268 
304 
55 Ti'iiimis II 
217 
187 
30 1994 
2.5 
2.5 1?95 
2.6 
2.6 
;::::;;24. 
5 
622 
232 
203 
149 
38 
1 
5 
81 
72 
9 12 
7 
335 
123 
146 
50 
16 
14 
5 
2 
61 
61 Total 
11.67 
9.9 
0.77 
1 
56 
2,065 
836 
617 
503 
109 
6 
12 
359 
320 
39 
since December 1993). The development of financial 
management skills was prioritised from the levels of 
education and institutional restructuring. 
Subject areas covered by all projects: Priorities for Slovenia: 
The creation of short-cycle higher education, which can be 
established either as part of a university structure or 
independent from it. 
University degrees should take into consideration the 
overall objectives of the Phare programme as well as the 
priorities that were unfulfilled as a result of budget 
limitations in 1994. 
Development of universities' capacities to provide 
retraining and updating courses for secondary school 
teachers with a special emphasis on teachers of foreign 
languages. 
Establishment of schools of short-cycle education and 
curriculum development in the fields of engineering and 
technology. 
Subject areas 
• economic and labour la including topics related to 
employment and social protection; 
• financial management, ' particularly financial 
accounting (needs of private sector and public 
authorities); 
• health care management. 
The creation of short-cycle higher education has been 
identified as a key priority by the Ministry of Education, 
as a result of the new act on higher education (in effect 
Excluded are details about the projects IMGs which were carried out when Slovenia was still part of Yugoslavia, i.e. before independence 
in 1992. 24 of the indicated JEPs were originally Yugoslavian projects but renewed as Slovenian projects in the same year. Applied Sciences 
Natural Sciences 
Management & Business 
Social Sciences E: Humanities 
F: Education 
G: Other 
H: Languages 
-3T-
Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries 
Fact sheet Czechoslovakia1 
iYmmis I 
1990-1992 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) * 
National indicative programme 
Regional funds 
Other Phare sources 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of JEPs; supported 
of which new 
Mobility flows wthin JEPs 
Staff from Czechoslovakia 
Staff to Czechoslovakia 
Students from Czechoslovakia 
Students to Czechoslovakia 
Number of JENs supported 
Number, of Complementary Measures supported 
Number of Individual Mobility Grants awarded 
from Czechoslovakia 
to Czechoslovakia 34.96\ 
27.70 
7.26 
145 
5,052 
1,969 
1,184 
1,634 
265 
53 
1,008 
785 
223 
Covers only the period 1990-1992, before independence of the Czech and Slovak Republics. 
yi 
Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries 
Fact sheet Armenia 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU), 
National allocation 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of Pre-JEPs supported 
Number of Armenian institutions involved in JEPs 1995 
0.247 
0 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Social Sciences 
B: Humanities 
C: Modern Languages 
D: Business Management 
E: University Management Total 
0.247 
5 
3 
E 
20% 
Fact sheet Azerbaijan 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National allocation 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of Pre-JEPs supported 
Number of Azerbaijani institutions involved in JEPs 1995 
0.143 
0 Total 
0.143 
4 
3 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Social Sciences 
B: Humanities 
C: Applied Sciences & Technology 
D: Business Management D 
25% 
B 
25% A 
25Tc 
39 — 
Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries 
Fact sheet Belarus 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National allocation 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of Pre-JEPs supported 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Number of Belarussian institutions involved in JEPs 1993 
0.380 1994 
2.1 1995 
1.497 
1.5 
5 
6 
2 Total 
3.977 
18 
6 
13 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Social Sciences 
B: Economics 
C: Humanities 
D: Modern Languages 
E: University Management 
Fact sheet Georgia 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National allocation 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of Pre-JEPs supported 
Number of Georgian institutions involved in JEPs 1995 
0.242 
0 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Engineering 
B: Teacher Training 
C: Medical Sciences 
D: Economics 
E: University Management Total 
0.242 
5 
3 
E 
22% 
11% 
_40 — 
Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries 
Fact sheet Kazakhstan 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National allocation 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of Pre-JEPs supported 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Number of Kazakh Institutions involved in JEPs 1994 
0.370 1995 
1.999 
2 
6 -
3 
3 Total 
2.369 
15 
3 
11 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Economics 
B: Applied Sciences 
C: Teacher Training 
D: Business Management 
E: Modern Languages 
F: University Management 
Fact sheet Kyrgyzstan 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National allocation 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of Pre-JEPs supported 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Number of KyTgyz institutions involved in JEPs 1994 
0.09 1995 
0.754 
0.5 
2 
1 
1 Total 
0.844 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Applied Sciences 
B: Economics 
C: University Management 
— 41 — 
Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries 
Fact sheet Moldova 
1. JBUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National allocation 
2. PROJECTS: 
Nùmbèr^of Pre-JEPs supported ;~ 
Numbe>^6f JEPs supported, 
of which new 
Number of Moldovan institutions involved in JEPs 1994 
0.23 1995; 
1.128 
1 
!li;4Sl;i!i 
IIIJIII; 
2 Total 
1.358 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Economics 
B: Social Sciences 
C: Modern Languages 
D: University Management 
Fact sheet Mongolia 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National allocation 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of Pre-JEPs supported 
Number of Mongolian institutions involved in JEPs 1995 
0.221 
0 Total 
0.221 
5 
4 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Applied Sciences 
B: Humanities 
C: University Management 
D: Social Sciences 
E: Teacher Training E 
20% 
— 42 
Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries 
Fact sheet Russian Federation 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National allocation 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of Pre-JEPs supported 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Number of Russian institutions involved in JEPs 1993 
2.54 1994 
15.37 
18 
18 1995 
11.552 
9 
37 
34 
16 Total 
29.462 
132 
34 
81 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Economics 
B: Humanities 
C: Social Sciences 
D: Modern Languages 
E: University Management E 
23% 
Fact sheet Ukraine 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National allocation 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of Pre-JEPs supported 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Number of Ukrainian institutions involved in JEPs 1993 1994 
0.5 3.32 1995 
3.83 
3 
10 
9 
5 Total 
7.65 
32 
9 
21 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: University Management 
B: Economics 
C: Humanities 
D: Social Sciences 
E: Modern Languages 
43 — 
Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries 
Fact sheet Uzbekistan 
1. BUDGET: 
Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 
National allocation 
2. PROJECTS: 
Number of Pre-JEPs supported 
Number of JEPs supported 
of which new 
Number of Uzbek institutions involved in JEPs 1994]: 
0.25 1995 
1.185 
1 
4 
2 
2 i:TotaL;: 
1.435 
10 
2 
Subject areas covered by all projects: 
A: Economics 
B: Humanities 
C: Applied Sciences 
D: Social Sciences 
E: Modern Languages 
F: University Management 
— 44 — 
ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(96) 531 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 16 11 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-96-537-EN-C 
ISBN 92-78-10609-7 
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg