ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES
DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEE DES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (80)407
V ol.1980/0143

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concernant l'ouverture aupublic des archives historiques delaCommunauté économique
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>
COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(80)407 final
Brussels,17thJuly1980
/
COMMUNICATION FROMTHECOMMISSION TOTHECOUNCIL
ONTHEPROGRESS OFGATTARTICLE XX(i)/XXIIICONSULTATIONS
ONU.S.EXPORTS OFSYNTHETIC FIBRES
t yJ\\ '
C0M(80)407final –t–
I

COMMISSION COMMUNICATION TOTHECOUNCIL onthe
progress ofGATTArticleXX(i)/XXIIIconsultations
onU.S.exportsofsynthetic fibres
I.Introduction
/
ItistheviewoftheCommission thattheexistence ofpriceregulation
intheUnitedStatesforoilandnatural' gas,together withrestrictions on
theexportofcertainoftheirderivedproducts (e.g.naphtha,naturalgas
liquids)giveU.S.producers ofsynthetic fibresandotherpetrochemical
products acostadvantage compared withtheirEuropean counterparts ,and
thatthisadvantage hasbeenonesignificant factoramongothersinthegreatly
increased exportsofU.S.synthetic fibrestotheCommunity in1979.
Theconditions ofArticleXX(i)GATTthusappearing tobefulfilled ,
theCommission requested bilateral consultations withtheUnitedStateson
24November 1979,inaccordance withArticleXXIII.1GATT,andconsultations
beganon14December 1979.Subsequent meetings have'takenplaceon
14January 1980,11March1980and24June1980.
Aninterimreportontheresultsoftheconsultations ofDecember
andJanuary wasincludedintheworkingdbcumentoftheCommission services
"U.S.Exportsofsynthetic fibrestotheCommunity",whiehwasdiscussed
intheCouncilmeetingof5February 1980.
Inthatreport,theCommission concluded thattherewereatthetimeno
.. *
groundsforthetakingofrestrictive measures ,againstsynthetic fibre
importsonaCommunity-wide basisbutthatactionmightbejustifiable ina
specific areaoftheCommunity .

2-
Subsequently /safeguard measures wereintroduced bytheCommission for
theU.K.marketInthecaseofpolyester filament yarn(1)andpolyamlde
yarnforcarpet,thelattermeasurebeingconfirmed bytheCouncil on
9June1980(2).
TheCommission 'sreportconcluded furtherthattheconsultations with .
theUnitedStatesunderArticleXXIIIGATTshouldbevigorously pursued .
andthatthemagnitude ofthecompetitive advantage enjoyed byU.S.producers
shouldcontinue tobestudiedwithaviewtothepossible takingofremedial ;
action.
TheCouncil tooknoteoftheCommission 'sconclusions andinvitedit
topursuetheArticleXXIII.1consultations .
Inordertoarriveatanevaluation oftheimportance ofthecompetitive
advantage resulting fromU.S.controls onoilandnaturat gaspricesthe
Commission proceeded tostudywiththeU.S.authorities therelevant
legislation anditspractical application andthetimetables envisaged for.
pricedecontrol .Thissubjectisofgreatcomplexity andafullunderstanding
ofitspractical consequences forindustrial costsisverydifficult toattain.
Thefactualsituation withregardtotheoilandgaspriceregulatory
systems andtheirimpactonthecostsofU.S.synthetic fibresproducers,
asithasemergedfromtheconsultations ,1ssummarised 1nthefollowing two
sections .
II.,Oilpriceregulation
TheU.S.oilpricecontrollegislation dividesdomestically produced
oilintoseveralcategories ."Oldoil",whichisproduced fromwellsdiscovered
sometimeago,issoldatlow,controlled prices,whichareallowedtorise
onlyinlinewithInflation ."Newoil",produced fromrecently discovered
wells,isnotsubjecttopricecontrolanditspricereflects worldmarket
conditions .
(1)... .....Commission regulation No.387/80of15.2=1980
^Councilregulation Nr.0of9.6.1900

Theessenceofthedecontrollegislation ,whichisnowallowingthe
pricemechanismtobegintoplayitspartinreducingU.S.oilconsumption ,
isthatacertainproportion ofthecategory"oldoil"istransferred each
monthintothecategory -"newoil",soaneverdecreasing proportion of
U.S.domesticproduction isprice-controlled .40%ofdomesticproduction
wasprice-controlled inJune1979,only25%isprice-controlled inJune1980,
andnonewillbeprice-controlled bySeptember 1981.
Thisdecontrol timetable isnotyetreflected inanarrowing ofthe
differential betweentheaveragepricepaidbyU.S.refinersfortheiroil
andU.S.oilimportprices,becausetheeffectsofdecontrol havebeen
counteracted bytheOPECprice'riseswhichhavetakenplaceoverthelast
6-9months.Thedifferential hasthusrisenfrom24.00/barrelinJune1979
to26.54/barrelinMarch1980.InJune1980itisestimated bythe
Americanauthorities tohavefallento26/barrel,andunderreasonable
assumptions aboutfutureOPECpricingdecisions andifthedecontrol timetabl
remainsunchangeditcanbeexpectedtohavedeclined to24/barrelby
December 1980andtocontinue todeclinethereafter .
Thisdecontrol timetable isaninevitable result ,ofexistinglegislation
which,(ifitremainsunchanged),willthusleadtocompletedecontrol by
September 1981. ,
4 •
«
Withregardtotheimpactoftheoilpricedifferential ontheproduction
costsofsynthetic fibremanufacturers ,thisisdetermined primarily bythe
extenttowhichitleadstoapricefornaphtha,thebasicpetrochemical
feedstock,belowthatwhichwouldprevailunderfreemarketconditions .Thus
theU.S.pricefornaphtha (1)inJune1979wasestimated at2iso/tonne
compared withaEuropean contract priceof2235/tonne,adifference of
255/tonne.ByMarch1980,thisdifference hadincreased to275/tonne
(U.S.2290/tonne,EC2365/tonne),reflecting theincreaseinthecrude
oilpricedifferential overthesameperiod,butithassinceagaindeclined,
theEuropean contractpricehavingfallentoaround2350/tonneinJune.
(1)Estimated asanaverageofU.S*pricesforgasoline andnaphthatypejet
fuelminus220/tonne,reflecting according toEuropeanexpertstheunpublished
USpricefornaphtha.

-4-
III.Gaspriceregulation
NaturalgaspricesintheU.S.aresubjecttocontrolundertheNatural
GasPolicyAct(NGPA)of1978,although theU.S.A.hasalonghistoryof
pricecontrolforgasproduced inonestateandsoldinanother("interstate
gas"). " •
TheaimoftheNGPAwastogradually decontrol gaspricesbytheyear
1985(1),buttoensurethatindustrial usersofgasasboilerfuelpaya
realistic marketpriceatamuchearlierdate.
However,whentheNGPAwasformulated ,no-oneforesawthelarge '
increases whichweretotakeplaceinoilpricesin1979and1980.As
aresult,the'provisions oftheActwhichweretoallowrealgaspricesto
attainfreemarketlevelsby,1985arelikelytoremaincompletely inadequate .
Inconsequence ,industrial producers usingnatural gasasafeedstock
obtainsignificant benefits fromthecontrolofgasprices,andthecost
advantage theynowenjoycompared withtheirEuropean counterparts is
unlikely todiminish .beforetheyear1985,whenitwillbetoaverylarge
extenteliminated .Theadvantage iscompounded inthemaingas-producing states
ofTexasandLouisiana byalowpcicealsobeingpaidbyindustry using
gasasfuel:itisinthisareathatthemanufacture *ofcertainpetrochemical
intermediates usedinthemanufacture ofsynthetic fibres(adiponitri le,
adipicacid,acrylonitri le,ethylene glycol)isconcentrated .Thisadvantage
issharedbetweentheproducers ofsynthetic fibresandthe,producers ofthe
intermediates inaproportion depending onthepricespaidforthese
intermediates . -
IntheSouth-Eastern U.S.,onthecontrary,wherethemainmanufacturers of
)
synthetic fibresarelocated,itappearsthatindustry paysaconsiderably higher '
priceforgasusedasafuel.Theadvantage deriving fromgaspricecontrolis
thusreduced,althoughthatderiving fromthepurchaseofintermediates produced
withcheapergasremains.
ThecostadvantagederivedbyU.S.producersofsyntheticfibrej
manufacturers fromgaspricecontrol.iscertainlylessthanthatcurrentlyderiv-j
edfromoilpriceregulation,becauseofamajorproportion ofsyntheticfibref
production mustbebasedonnaphthaandonlytheremaindercanusegasasfeed-j
stock.However,itisunlikelytodiminishinrealtermsandmayevenincrease !
between nowand1985andwillthusremainaconsiderable problemevenafter
September 1981. '"
Although somecategories willnotbedecontrolled until1937andothers,
ofminimaluuantiNativeimportance -willremainp?ce-control led.

IV.U.S.Remedial action
Thedifference ofopinionbetweentheECandU.S.sidesastowhether
theconditions ofArticleXX(i)arefulfilledpersists.TheU.S.contention
isthatthecostadvantage derivedbyU.S.syntheticfibreproducers from
oilandgaspriceregulation,whichtheyconsidertobeverymuchsmaller
thanCommunity expertshaveestimated,hasnotbeenthemaincauseofthe
increasesinU.S.syntheticfibreexportstotheCommunity .Inaddition,
theU.S.authorities allege thatECproducers havefreeaccesstopetro­
chemicalintermediates underthesameconditions asU.S.syntheticfibre
producers .Therefore,theU.S.doesnotconsideritselftobebreachingArticle
XX(i)andistherefore undernoobligation undertheGATTtotakeremedial
action.Nevertheless ,theU.S.authorities havedeclaredthemselves ready,
inaspiritofcooperation ,toexaminethepossible coursesofactionproposed
bytheCommission toalleviate theprobtemofincreasedsynthetic ^fibre
exportstotheCommunity .Theresultsofthisexamination uptillnowareas
follows : .
Firstly,inviewofthelongandpolitically difficult domesticdecision-
makingprocesses intheenergyfield,theU.S.authorities donotconsiderit
politically realistic toproposespecificlegislation toaccelerate oilandgas
pricedecontrol solelyforcommercial policyreasons.
ft
Secondly,theU.S.authorities doriotregardtheuseofcommercial
policyinstruments torestrain U.S.exportsofsynthetic fibresasjustifiable
undertheirlegislation .
• s
Thirdly,although currentlegislation wouldnotallowtheAdministration
toderestrict U.S.exportsofnaphthaunderitsownauthority,theU.S.
authorities haveofferedtoexamine twospecific measures : -
I -•
-theEuropeamsation ofexisting national naphthaexportquotas;
-theprovision ofasubstantial exportquotafornaturalgasoline .
ThecreationofasingleCommunity quotafornaphthainsteadofseparate ones
theMemberStatesshouldbeunderstood primarily asasymbolic gesture.

-6-
Theoffer toexamine theopening ofanexport quota fornatural
gasoline might beofmore interest toCommunity industry .Itisaproduct
ofconsiderable useasanalternative tonaphtha inthemaking ofsome
petrochemicals /itmaybecome available inconsiderable quantities
ontheAmerican mrket ,(forreasons associated with thedeclining demand
forgasoline )^andaccording totheU.S. authorities itwould beavailable
atU.S. market prices .However /itisasyetunclear just howuseful afeedstock
natural gasoline would be/whether the infrastructure needed toassure its
transport toEurope isavailable /andwhat itsmarket price would belikely
tobe.These questions arebeing further examined together with Community
industry . ' .
V. Thedevelopment ofU.S. exports ofsynthetic fibres totheCommunity
Theaccompanying tables containing themost recent figures available tothe
Commission (seeAnnex )show that thehigh level attained byU.S. exports to
theCommunity inthe last quarter of1979 hasbeen maintained inthefirst
quarter of1980 /although ithasnotincreased significantly further overall ..
k
VI.Conclusions '
Taking into account thedevelopments described above /theCommission
isoftheopinion that theconclusions itarrived atinFebruary remain
valid .Asregards theGATT Article XXIII .1consultations ,itbelieves
that they should bepursued with thefollowing aims inview :
-tomaintain pressure ontheU.S. authorities toadhere scrupulously
totheexisting timetable fordecontrol ofoilprices .Inthis .
context /itshould benoted that achange inthis legislation either to
accelerate ortoslow down decontrol /would require atime-consuming
passage through both parts ofCongress .
!.
I . .

-7
tocontinue topresstheU.S.authorities toaccelerate thedecontrol
ofnaturalgaspricesforindustrial users..Infact/becauseofthe
considerable benefitsitbringstosomeconsumers,butnotto
others,andbecauseoftheincreasing discrepancy betweentheprices
ofoilandgas,it.ispossible thattheNGPAmaybesubjectto
amendment between nowand1985.However,suchamendment wouldalmost
certainly besubjecttoadebateeverybitaslongandacrimonious ,
astheonewhichledtotheadoption oftheActin1978andany
prediction oftheoutcomeofsuchadebatewouldbeextremely
harzardous .Nevertheless ,certaintechnical measures modifying the
application oftheActinthesensesuggested bytheCommission ,already
liewithinthepowersoftheAdministration ;
tocontinue tomonitorthedevelopment oftheoilandgasprice
differentials ;
tocontinue tomonitorU.S.exportstotheCommunity ofsynthetic
fibresandotherrelatedproducts; ^
tostudywhethertheAmerican proposal toEuropeanise naphthaexport
t
quotasisofmorethansymbolic importance ;.
topursuetheAmerican suggestion onliberalising naturalgasoline
%
exports,ifthisshouldprovetobeeconomically ofinterest to
I
Community producers .

IMPORTS^ /DMARKETSHAREOFPOLYESTER STAPLEft;RE
1978 •|1979Quartf-rly
avérant
19/7IVo«jart.
1979i
jlstquart.
1980| i
IAprii
I1980metric
i"i
Hay |
198010*1$
IImportsExtra-CEE13.430 4.027 1.006 1.624H
>|j(730)In ir~
NIIImportsU.S.I1.699
i –3.120 '780.1.245 (640)–
MarketshareExtra-CEE 14,4X16,0X16,0X (12X)
JMarketshareU.S. |j.7,1*12,4X12,4X|(10,1X)Ν–
UImports Extra-CEE 3.612 2.885 721 (743)ini i_
EIirportsU.S. - j|567 j1.161 290 <290)–
8IMarketshareExtra-CEE13,7Xj16,3X16,3X
Ll[MarketshareU.S. |[2,2X,j6,6X-6,6X–
Imports Extra-CEE6.340 12.233 3.058 i(2.535)I1(1.293)Ir !r–
UK|ImportsU.S. ;'i ■. |2.164 541
/r
|(831) <77) i(157)–
MarketshareExtra-CEE12,4X|(29,6X)(29,6X)r~i i–
_j IMarketsha^eU.S. |[0,9X|5,2X5,2X 8~X~~–
Imports Extra-CEE
: ;130 863 215 IF II(270)I r™
lr|ImportsU.S.
I i–764* 191 C191)(212)~
MarketshareExtra-CEE r––
|MarketshareU.S. j ~T~~–
ImportsExtra-CEE 492 608L7»~li " -
I<•»>i r~^nr–
OkImportsU.S. ^J90 22 <£T1– –
MarketshareExtra-CEE x| -–r––
IIMarketshareU.S. j
''ij,
l_I■ 1 --; –
!■

c
E
EIMPORTS ANDMAKKETSHAREQFPOLYESTER STAPLEFIBRE.
Imports Extra-CEE
Imports U.S.metrictons.
1978 1979
40.277
5.755quarterly
avcrage1312
58.888
20.993H.722
5.248IVquart.
1979I'it.quort,
1980
17.981
9.741 (7.500)April
1980May
1980
MarketshareExtra-CEE 12,5X 14,1X14,1X
MarketshareU.S. 1,8X 5,0X5,0* (7X)
Imports Extra-CEE 17.446 18.942 4.735 4.761 (5.443)
ïmports U.S.
MarketshareExtra-CEE1.115 2.921 '730 1.444 (1.708)
19,8X
MarketshareU.S.
Imports Extra-CEE
Imports U.S.1„3X(4,2X)(4,2X)
4.428
214(8X)
5.170.1.292 1.572 (2.000)
661 165 370 U00>
MarketshareExtra-CEE 8,6X(10,6X)(10,6X)12,2ΧΓ(16Χ)
MarketshareU.S.
Imports Extra-CEE0,4X1,4X(1,4X)2,9XI<3,2X)
5»581 15.4223.855 7.006(5^233)
Imports U.S.
MarketshareExtra-CEE1.722 10.052 2.5134.607(3.488)
9,7X 20X(20,0X)(28,7X)I(21X)
MarketshareU.S.(13X)(13,0X)(18,8X)(14X)

"**!*^ *.' •-- -•,'"•. T_ .'.... ......... '. .A«
IMPORTS AND MARKET SHARE POLYESTER FILAMENT YARN .
- ^ «etru tons
I107S 1070 Quarterly IVquart.Ilst.quart.)April '.May l~"~"1978 1979 «erane . 1979 1980 I1980 .1980 ThlS - 1979 191° 1980 ,%
Imports Extra-CEE |32.169 |49.028 19.949 [(15.832 )|j~~ | I P
* . il ^ ' '' I■■■! !■1– ^ I
E imports U.S. »9.524 27.878 6.970 (10.289 ) j(8.100) ~ ^
E Market share Extra-CEE I12 X 17,0 X 17,0 X i '^ | "r –
Harket share U.S. I3,5X 9,7XI9,7XI |(n,0X) 7' 1 ' '
Imports Extra-CEE |3.918 6.368 1-592 |(2.049 )|~~~ I j ~T~
DI1WP°rtS I 740 i2.897^ "724 (992)(+1.100) ~
Market share Extra-CEE |1,9X 3,6X[3,6X| I
|Harket share U.S. |qax|1,6X 1,6X (2,4X) T r~~
E"f,-CE£ I,-»5| "M>|<1.17»|10;0 | |
' I "* <"" I«*> !" "
sh„« I«>«« -»,*» 9.;, | – :
Market share U.S. I2.5* .47* ,,„ I "8 – –
H^" I * 4,2 X.(5,6 X)| 6X) "| ■
Imports Extra-CEE g4.816 . 12.272 3.068 l(4651)T
1 ; I(3.264 )t^Ports U.S. | 608 6.314 1.579 (3.499 ) (2;0Q2> ~
- share Extra-CEE 13,8 % 22,1 X 22,1 X(28,6 X)|(22X) ~~
Harket share U.S. [1,7X 11,4 X 11,4 X(21,5 X)I(13,1 X) ' ~~ : ~~
* ¥ : ... '· Ύ

IMPOrOanOMARKETSHAREPOLVESTFRFUAMENiOrN 'a«tHctoolp*" 1979Ou<1rtrly
avrr,»nc
17/V"T
IVnu«rt.'IH<,u«rt.
1979j1r/fcOAprll
19H0May
1v«n
ImportsExtra-CEE 372
-778 194(241)i–'l""*'1"
194
NIImport»U.S. 27 315 78.(116)♦too1
MarketshareExtra-CEE I12,*X15,2X15,2X I
J|MarketshareU.S. |I0/1x <6,2X)(6,2X)\(±*X)
υImport*Extra-CEE ' 1392 969 242 <392)r_n™r™~
i
■Importa U.S. 306 498 124 (208)Η
m
LMarket»hareExtra-CEE I8,5X14,8X14,8XJ|Market»hareU,S. I6,6X|7,6X7,6X i
Import»Extra-CEE 17.638 20.854 5ÏZT3I(5.515)Ii*1I Ir ir-
UKImport?U.S. 5.077 12.247 3.0623.719 2«966 (1.670)(2.460)|
MarketshareExtra-CEEI20,9X29,8X29-8X__
J|Marketshat'eU.S. ||*,0X17,5X17,5X 16,9X(29X) (42X) 1
Import»Extra-CEE
. ;2.179 2.961 740 <814)1(936) r~r
IrImports U.S.|1.414.2.906' 726 (813) (900)_______
MarketshareExtra-CEE |I(21X) (21X)
|Market»hareU.S. jL. I(20X) (20X) I(25X)
IImport»Extra-CEE1.059 1.610 402<380)jlrr ir–i
OkImport»U.S.527 1.245 »,<»«>
IMarketshareExtra-CEE|63,2X i
|MarketshareU.S. |[31,5X I I !
l

•ir–TV–
IMPORTS ANOMARKETSHAREACRYLIC STAPLES
1978 1979Quarterly
average197$-IVquart.
1979Ilst.Quart.1980
%April
1980I-
May
1980
iI
CIImportsExtra-CEE |37.911 50.999 12.749 (10.655)IH■ i
I Ir–
EIIwportsU.S. J10.729 17.794|4.448(4.884)i(3.300) h–
E
IMarketshareExtra-CEE j8,5.112,0X;12,0X
jMarketshareU.S. |[2,4X jI*'2Xj|*,2Xj (3,0X)~
Imports Extra-CEE7.206 5.733 j1.443 (1.406)j(2.389)!L=^========== J' Ir~- ir–\
»ImportsU.S. 282 (512)*|(1-28)|(115)j"(171).
MarketshareExtra-CEE(8,5X)(7X)}I
(7X)jn~ (11X)–
[MarketshareU.S. j
iI(0,3X)]
T**1■■■■ '''"r:I(0,2X)j|(0,2X)|I(0,8X)––
Imports Extra-CEE
• '4.384 5.393 1.348 I(1.238)II !
Ip=»=a==j! li i
I 'i
F|XmportsU.S.
i883 221 (202)(303)'!
I
MarketshareExtra-CEEs'7> 6,6X6,6X(6,3X)–
MarketshareU.S. |!^» ■|IMx1,1X (1X)(1,4X)–
Imports Extra-CEE 19.646|31.229 7.8078.024 |i(5.255)! I ir––i
i
iImports U.S. 6.22512.491j3.1233.320 (2.185)–
MarketshareExtra-CEE8,0XI|1-3,0X|13X (13,3X)(«X1 h–
iMarketshareU.S.[2,5X|5,2X5,2X|(5,5X)(3,7X)
•

,©IMPORT>*ND MARKET SHARE ACRYLIC STAPLES metru tons
1978 1979ûuart'rly
avcrfi'!' -
1779IVnuart .
1979Ist quart .
1980i
April
1980I 'I
May
1980I
Imports Extra-CEE |620528 132<132)jI' I
MlImports U.S.I 265 66. (66)Jan.-Fev .
(20)
Market share Extra-CEE |6,8 X (5,8 X) <5,8 X)
|Market share U.S. , |I1,6X <2,9 X) <2,9 X)■» ■– i
i j
uImports Extra-CEE1.506 2.738 684 <684)Fl
EImports U.S.1.301 1.288 322 <322)
e
LMarket shareExtra-CEEI«r 7,1 X 7,1 X |/.
|Market share U.S« jI3,4X 3,3 X- 3,3 X]
I
Imports Extra-CfE 3.656 j4.7861.196 jI'<753)| in i
UKImports U.S. ||2.126 2.687 j 672<526 )<302 ) <159). <182 )
Market share Extra-CEE 3,4 X 6,1 X<6,1 X)
|Market shar*e U.S. |)2,0 X 3,4 X<3,4 X) <2,7 X) <1,5 X)
Imports Extra-CEE 38 136 114 I <114) IJ <110)I
I
IrImports U.S. j
■ ' i
Market share Extra-CEE ■ r~
|Market share U.S. j1
ïmports Extra-CEE .jj189
t i ■456 jL114~l<114 ) Η r~n
Okïmports U.S. I1 7
•2 'C«
Market share Extra-CEE jI - ■
i
I L_. T.–
i|Market '..hare U.S. iI
I*
11