REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN COURT OF AUDITORS, THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS - Tempus (Phare and Tacis) - Annual Report 1998

Table of contents

GLOSSARY

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 The origins of Tempus

1.2 Tempus I and II

2 MAIN FEATURES OF TEMPUS

2.1 Strategy: bottom-up approach with top-down orientation

2.2 Projects

2.2.1 Tempus Phare

2.2.2 Tempus Tacis

2.3 Management of the Programme

2.4 Monitoring

2.5 Budget

3 PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENTS IN 1998

3.1 Preparation for Tempus III

3.2 Exploitation of outputs

3.3 Management of projects

3.4. Tempus Information Points (TIPs) and National Tempus Offices (NTOs)

4 THE 1998 SELECTION ROUNDS

4.1 Overall Tempus budget

4.2 Tempus Phare budget

4.3 Tempus Phare deadlines

4.4 Tempus Phare selection results

4.4.1 Joint European Projects

4.4.2 Individual Mobility Grants

4.5 Tempus Tacis budget

4.6 Tempus Tacis deadlines

4.7 Tempus Tacis selection procedure

4.8 Tempus Tacis selection results

5 List of publications

ANNEXES:

Annex 1 - Overall Statistics

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries

Annex 4 -Impact of Tempus, examples of projects

GLOSSARY

CME // Compact Measures (Tempus Phare)

CP // Compact project (Tempus Tacis)

EC // European Commission

ETF (the Foundation) // European Training Foundation (Turin, Italy)

IMG // Individual Mobility Grant (Tempus Phare)

JEP // Joint European Project (Tempus Phare and Tacis)

NCP // National Contact Point (in the European Union)

NTO // National Tempus Offices (in Phare partner countries)

Partner countries // In 1998, New Independent States and Mongolia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia

Pre-JEP // Preparatory measures for a Joint European Project (Tempus Tacis)

TIP // Tempus Information Point (in some Tacis partner countries)

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 The origins of Tempus

The political events of 1989 and 1990 in Central and Eastern Europe had a dramatic impact on the European Community. The Member States individually and collectively found themselves facing unprecedented challenges to the established philosophy and procedures in external relations. From the outset there was no doubting the urgency in making an appropriately rapid and effective response to these challenges. Quick action needed to be taken to strengthen the emerging democracies and capitalise on this unexpected opportunity to redirect the future of Europe.

Aiming for an integrated global response, the European Community sought to provide a comprehensive framework for the provision of practical assistance and expertise to help the countries concerned restructure their economies and political systems. An overall programme of assistance was agreed by the Council of Ministers in December 1989. Known as Phare( [1]), it provided the framework for Community assistance to the economic and social reform processes in Central and Eastern Europe.

[1] At that time Phare stood for "Pologne, Hongrie: Assistance à la Restructuration Economique". The current full name is "Phare-Community programme for assistance for economic restructuring in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe".

The partner countries themselves identified higher education and training as one of the priority areas for trans-European cooperation. From an early stage a number of assistance programmes in the field of education were embedded within Phare. In January 1990 the Commission submitted to the Council and the European Parliament its plans for the creation of a new Phare programme specifically designed to meet the higher education needs of Central and Eastern Europe. This was the starting signal for Tempus.

1.2 Tempus I and II

The Council adopted Tempus on 7 May 1990 ( [2]), for an initial pilot phase of three years beginning on 1 July 1990. A later Council Decision ( [3]) extended the pilot phase for one year, until the end of June 1994. Initially 3 countries were involved in the scheme: Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary. This number increased with the years as illustrated in Figure 1. In 1998, as in the previous year, 26 partner countries benefited from the programme.

[2] OJ N° L131/21, 23 May 1990.

[3] OJ N° L122/43, 7 May 1992.

The Council Decision adopting the second phase of the Tempus Programme (Tempus II) was taken on 29 April 1993 ( [4]). This decision meant the continuation of support for the existing partner countries and the geographical extension of the Programme's activities to the new republics of the former Soviet Union (the New Independent States) and Mongolia. Projects in these countries - with the exception of the Baltic States - were funded from the overall Tacis budget, the European Union (EU) initiative fostering the development of harmonious and prosperous economic and political links between the European Union and the New Independent States and Mongolia. Preparatory activities in Belarus, the Russian Federation and the Ukraine already commenced in 1993. Where necessary this report will make a distinction between 'Tempus Phare' and 'Tempus Tacis'.

[4] OJ N° L112/34, 6 May 1993.

Tempus II, whose second Phase was to finish by the end of June 1998, was further prolonged until 1st July 2000 with a Council Decision adopted on 21 November 1996 ( [5]).

[5] OJ N° L306/36, 28 November 1996

Fig. 1: Phare and Tacis country participation in Tempus between 1990 and 1998

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(*) Applications were submitted and selected in 1996, but projects only started their activity in 1999

2 MAIN FEATURES OF TEMPUS

2.1 Strategy: bottom-up approach with top-down orientation

In its first two phases Tempus has adopted a predominantly bottom-up approach. Support concentrated on innovation at the base of the university-pyramid, i.e. in the departments and faculties and not at central planning level. The rationale behind this approach was the assumption that reform would be more readily carried through when not imposed through hierarchical structures. Project initiation and management at departmental and faculty level also increased the sense of ownership of projects. Finally, the Programme as a whole was more likely to respond to the reform needs on the "shop floor".

In recent years several special actions have added a top-down aspect to the Programme in areas where more targeted measures were considered beneficial. In 1997, they included the Tempus Phare Compact Measures.

Another way in which the scope of the programme under Tempus II has been steered towards a more top-down approach is in the definition of specific priority areas: the 'National Priorities'. These reviewed listings reflect the specific needs in the current phase of the overall socio-economic development of each individual partner country. They are jointly identified by the national authorities and the Commission and published in the Tempus Guide for Applicants. By using the priorities as one of the selection parameters, Tempus has been able to continue to develop greater relevance to the specific processes of reform in each partner country while at the same time giving applicants guidance in their efforts. In recent years the national priorities have been less focused on academic subject areas. Instead, they now tend to address more structural issues, such as university management reform and the modernisation of administrative systems. In this way the national priorities have become instrumental for gradually reinforcing the top-down element in the Tempus Programme.

The top-down orientation was further reinforced during 1998. Tempus Phare JEPs (see below) must now fit into one of four categories described in the Guide for Applicants. Three out of the four categories are related to institutional (as opposed to academic) reform.

2.2 Projects

Tempus supports cooperation projects between EU Member States and partner countries in Central and Eastern Europe, the New Independent States and Mongolia in the field of higher education. To this end the Programme regularly calls for proposals for a variety of project types.

2.2.1 Tempus Phare

In the Phare countries the majority of Tempus activities took place within Joint European Projects (JEPs). A JEP is a multi-lateral cooperation project between recognised higher education institutions from at least two EU countries and one of the partner countries. Universities from other G24 countries, Malta and Cyprus as well as enterprises from all countries concerned could participate as associated partners. The maximum duration of a JEP was three years.

A second group of projects were the Compact Measures, or CMEs, which aimed to increase Tempus' impact on the organisational and administrative aspects of higher education. The CME scheme was discontinued after 1997, but 142 projects selected in previous years were still running in 1998.

Finally, Tempus awards Individual Mobility Grants (IMGs) for the Phare countries. Through these, individual (ad hoc) visits of higher education staff, senior Ministry officials and education planners from East to West and vice-versa can be funded.

Types of IMG activity are organised into three groups:

- Development of an institutional approach, which aims through retraining of administrative staff to improve university management practice.

- Participation in the Socrates-Erasmus "Thematic Networks" and other academic associations.

- Study visits and teaching staff development.

2.2.2 Tempus Tacis

Tempus Tacis supports Joint European Projects (JEPs) similar to those under Tempus Phare, apart from the number of project partners which is subject to a minimum of two and a maximum of three participating EU institutions and a maximum of two partners in the same Tacis country per JEP.

In 1998 JEPs were available for the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Uzbekistan only and were three year projects that aimed at curriculum development together with the introduction of new management practices in the partner country higher education establishments.

The pre-JEP (preparatory measure) scheme was discontinued in 1998 and for the first time, applicants could apply directly for longer-term institutional co-operation.

Compact Projects (CPs), which were available to all countries, addressed precisely defined, short-term needs. Activities focussed on curriculum development, university management or dissemination.

Mobility Projects were available for the first time in 1998 for the Russian Federation only. Projects focused on the establishment of a network of institutions, which could facilitate the implementation of student mobility between EU and partner countries. Typically consortia were composed of more than the minimum members so as to encourage an extensive network of institutions.

Tempus Tacis does not feature Individual Mobility Grants.

2.3 Management of the Programme

For the implementation of the scheme, the Commission is assisted by a management committee composed of two representatives appointed by each Member State and chaired by a Commission representative. The management committee is referred to as the Tempus Committee.

Technical assistance for the implementation of the programme is provided by the Tempus Department of the European Training Foundation in Turin following the guidelines of the European Commission Directorate-General for Education and Culture in Brussels.

In the Phare countries the Foundation is assisted by the National Tempus Offices (NTOs). They are the programme's main links to the national authorities of Central and Eastern Europe and perform parts of the day-to-day administration of the Programme.

In the Tacis partner countries a network of Tempus Information Points (TIPs) has been established in order to ensure appropriate support on the spot. They assist with the implementation of the Tempus Programme by disseminating information about the Programme, providing information on the status of higher education in the partner countries and giving practical support to project operators.

In the EU Member States, designated National Contact Points (NCPs) assist with the dissemination of programme information, project submission guidelines and forms, and general support through, among others, the organisation of workshops and co-ordinators' meetings.

2.4 Monitoring

The Tempus monitoring policy aims at a combined approach of desk, field and preventive monitoring. The main objective of the internal monitoring programme procedures is to ensure that the implementation of the projects is in line with the fulfilment of the project objectives and that the projects are implemented in accordance with Tempus contractual and financial rules.

Desk monitoring focuses on the reporting obligations (Intermediate Reports, Revised Budgets and Activity Plans, Progress Report, Annual and Final Reports and Statement of Expenditures), by assessing the performance of the project in terms of progress and/or outcomes, organisation and management, and by checking the financial management.

With the aim to monitor closely the progress of the projects, site visits are carried out to individual projects as field monitoring actions. Under Tempus Phare a full programme of monitoring visits is agreed with all NTOs each year. Visits are carried out by NTO staff together - when possible - with staff of the Foundation. The monitoring visits concentrate on the implementation of the project objectives in the targeted partner institutions, on the project results and identify possible factors that might jeopardise the achievement of the project objective. Following each visit, feedback is given to the project partners and recommendations are made for follow-up. The monitoring visit programme involved a total of 95 visits in all the Phare countries. Within Tempus Tacis, monitoring visits to JEPs are carried out by the Tacis Monitoring and Evaluation Team, based on information supplied by the Foundation Programme Managers. For pre-JEPs and Compact Projects the TIPs carry out monitoring visits, again joined by Foundation staff whenever possible. The monitoring visit programme involved a total of 57 visits in all the Tacis countries. The monitoring visits provide a valuable opportunity to assess the impact of Tempus actions at an institutional level and, if applicable, to judge the appropriateness of Tempus policy within the institution concerned.

Preventive monitoring actions, such as contractors' meetings in the partner countries and correspondence with the project ensure transparency of the procedures and improve dissemination of information.

For the first time, during the 1998/99 academic year, Institution Building (IB) projects were launched within Tempus. During the Tempus IB Seminar, organised by the European Commission and the Hungarian Tempus Office, held in Budapest in October 1998, the general approach for monitoring Tempus IB projects was discussed. As a preventive monitoring measure, meetings in four partner countries with all Tempus IB Joint European Project contractors will be held in January 1999.

2.5 Budget

Two factors determine the total budget available for Tempus activities:

- the national Phare and Tacis budgets, which are determined annually by the Commission;

- the proportion of Phare or Tacis funds which each of the national authorities allocates for Tempus activities.

Every year each partner country decides how much of its total Phare or Tacis budget it wishes to allocate to Tempus activities.

Budget evolution Phare (in MECU)

Budget evolution of Tempus allocation and percentage of global Phare budget

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Budget evolution Tacis (in MECU)

Budget evolution of Tempus allocation and percentage of Tacis budget (national programmes)

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* These four countries will get biennial allocations for 1999-2000

3 PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENTS IN 1998

3.1 Preparation for Tempus III

In 1998, in the associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the Tempus II bis programme developed its activities in line with the new orientations of the Phare programme, which put emphasis on institutional development in the framework of the pre-accession strategy. In the associated countries, this led to JEPs being mainly targeted at the improvement of the capacity of the higher education sector to contribute to the adoption and implementation of the 'acquis communautaire'. The coverage of Tempus has therefore been expanded; Tempus networks are increasingly encouraged to invite other partners in society such as national, regional and local authorities as well as social and industrial partners - to participate in their activities.

For the non-associated Phare countries as well as for the Tacis countries, the emphasis remained on curriculum development and university management. New projects in student mobility were introduced for the Russian Federation as well as Compact projects for the dissemination of project results.

During 1998, the Commission asked for an interim evaluation of the implementation and results of the Tempus II programme. At the same time, it consulted with the Tempus Committee and the main actors of the programme on the future options in view of a possible prolongation of Tempus. Based on the conclusions drawn up, the Commission made a proposal for a Council Decision for the adoption of the third phase of the Tempus programme (2000 - 2006).

3.2 Exploitation of outputs

Since 1995, the Commission is, with the assistance of the Foundation, working on maximising the value of the Tempus programme through the analysis and dissemination of its achievements.

In 1998, in the framework of this initiative, there was further development of the Tempus at Work series as a tool for the dissemination of information on the Tempus programme. Individual country sheets were prepared for both EU Member States and partner countries. The sheets represent a valuable source of up-to-date information on the projects funded in a particular partner country since the beginning of Tempus and of the participation levels of EU Member States in the various geographic zones.

The 1998 Tempus at Work series includes:

- general Tempus, Tempus Phare, and Tempus Tacis sheets;

- an overall sheet summarising Tempus achievements;

- separate sheets on the participation of individual countries (EU and partner countries) in Tempus;

Following the completion of the Output Evaluation Scheme in which the dissemination potential of outputs produced by a selected number of Tacis JEPs in the Russian Federation and the Ukraine in the field of economics were evaluated, a compendium of the best outputs was produced by the Netherlands Economic Institute. The Compendium comprises a brief description of 34 outputs which have been assessed by EU, Russian and Ukrainian experts and seen to be of a satisfactory standard. The contact details for each output are clearly indicated and it is hoped that the Compendium will provide clear evidence of Tempus achievements in this subject area and that the publication will be of use to other Higher Education establishments.

As a result of training seminars held in Moscow and Kiev in 1997 for local project coordinators and administrators, the Objective Oriented Project Design and Management Tempus Handbook was produced in 1998. The Handbook is aimed primarily at providing clear indications to Tempus practitioners on how to adopt the Logical Framework Approach at all levels, from project design through to project implementation. The handbook also looks at issues such as project management skills related to time management, financial management, teamwork, meetings, reporting etc.

3.3 Management of projects

In 1998 for the first time under Tempus Tacis the possibility of performing the role of JEP Coordinator was extended to the Russian Federation.

3.4. Tempus Information Points (TIPs) and National Tempus Offices (NTOs)

National Tempus Offices in Central and Eastern Europe and Tempus Information Points in the Newly Independent States and Mongolia continued to provide information to interested institutions and assistance to exiting projects.

National Tempus Offices exist in all Phare partner countries. Tempus Information Point representatives were present in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.

Following the suspension of Tacis activities in Tajikistan in December 1997, the TIP was no longer operational in 1998.

4 THE 1998 SELECTION ROUNDS

4.1 Overall Tempus budget

The Central and Eastern European national governments allocated a total amount of MECU 38.95 to Tempus Phare activities in 1998. For the countries participating in Tempus Tacis this figure was MECU 21.06 ( [6]). The table below (Figure 2) shows how the amounts compare to those of earlier years.

[6] Including the 1997 allocation of Belarus which projects were approved only in 1998, and the amounts actually allocated in 1998 for those countries which had biannual allocation for 1998 and 1999.

Fig. 2: Tempus allocations between 1990 and 1998 in MECU

>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>

4.2 Tempus Phare budget

The total amount available for Tempus activities in the Phare countries in 1998 was MECU 38.95. Figure 3 shows a breakdown of this figure into the respective national allocations for Tempus activities in 1998. The average per year for each country since inclusion is added for comparison.

Fig. 3: Tempus funds in MECU per Phare partner country in 1998 compared with the average per year since inclusion in the scheme.

>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>

Note: The average figures for Slovenia, the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic are the averages of these countries since independence.

4.3 Tempus Phare deadlines

The deadline for submitting Joint European Projects applications was 31 March 1998. As in previous years, there were two deadlines for the submission of Individual Mobility Grant applications in 1998: 13 March and 26 June.

4.4 Tempus Phare selection results

4.4.1 Joint European Projects

JEP applications are considered for support through a co-operative decision making process which consists of several different stages. In 1998, as in 1997, important responsibilities in the selection process of JEPs were given to the National Tempus Offices. The rationale behind this was that increased responsibility in the selection procedure would benefit the preparation for participation of the associated countries in the EU education programmes. In this selection procedure, the technical assessment of projects was undertaken by the NTOs and the academic assessment was undertaken in the partner country by a mixed group of experts from both EU member states and partner countries. This selection process is illustrated in Flowchart 1 overleaf.

Results of the 1998 Tempus Phare JEP selection round

Selection took place during the second quarter of 1998. The results of the selection round are given in the table below. The 1997 figures are included for comparison.

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Out of the 579 applications received, 536 complied with the national priorities. Of these, 185 were proposed for funding.

Compared with last year there has been an increase of 3% in the number of applications received. Contrary to the trend that was observed in the past years, the success rate decreased in 1998 by 2%. The 185 applications proposed for approval this year represent 32% of the total number of applications received. In 1997 the success rate had grown to 34% from the 30% of 1995. Nevertheless, the budget available for the majority of partner countries was decreased, and this could have had an impact on the number of applications that could be funded.

Statistical data on country participation subject distribution and a breakdown of details per country can be found in the annexes to this report.

>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>

Flowchart N° 1

4.4.2 Individual Mobility Grants

The selection of East - West mobility was carried out by the National Tempus Offices. Applications for West - East IMGs and those from Bosnia and Herzegovina were assessed by the Foundation. Both assessments were done in parallel and followed the guidelines agreed with the European Commission. In 1998, contrary to previous years, to give the Individual Mobility Grant scheme more flexibility, no national conditions or preferences had been set.

Due to their eligibility under the Socrates-Erasmus programme, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania were no longer eligible for IMGs in 1998. The same applied to the Slovak Republic, but for the second selection round 1998 only.

Results of the 1998 IMG selection:

First selection round (March 1998, 9 partner countries) //

Number of applications // 366

Number of applications supported // 136

Success rate // 37.2%

Total budget // Euro 293,950

Average size of grant // Euro 2,161

Second selection round (June 1998, 8 partner countries) //

Number of applications // 180

Number of applications supported // 102

Success rate // 56.7%

Total budget // Euro 235,810

Average size of grant // Euro 2,311

Compared to 1997, there is a sharp decrease in the number of applications: in 1997, 1.802 applications were received and 1.120 actually selected. This can be explained by the fact that those partner countries which were no longer eligible were among the most important in terms of potential applicants, due to the larger number of university staff and budget available.

For statistical details on the 1997 IMGs, please refer to the annexes to this report.

4.5 Tempus Tacis budget

The Tempus Tacis project selection round of 1998 (open call) involved the following Tacis countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Mongolia, the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Only the Russian Federation and the Ukraine received an annual allocation for 1998, the other countries received biennial allocation for 1998 and 1999, as follows:

>TABLE POSITION>

Until this year it was possible to apply for projects in curriculum development only with three year Joint European Project (JEP) applications. But, in order to give to all the countries involved in this selection round the possibility to apply for a project in curriculum development, a new type of two year Compact Project (CP) (usually focused on university management only) was introduced: the CP in curriculum development. A possibility to disseminate project results was also given to those countries which had JEPs at the final stage, i.e. started in 1994 or 1995. Finally, a new type of mobility JEP was introduced for the Russian Federation only.

Different types of projects were related to different countries, as follows:

4.6 Tempus Tacis deadlines

>TABLE POSITION>

The deadline for submitting JEP and CP applications was 8 April 1998.

4.7 Tempus Tacis selection procedure

Within the framework of the Tempus Tacis Programme, the Joint European Project (JEP) and the Compact Project (CP) are the means by which consortia of institutions in the partner countries of the New Independent States and Mongolia, the Member States of the European Union and, where appropriate, other G-24 countries as well as Cyprus and Malta, are encouraged to co-operate in activities designed to promote the restructuring of higher education in the New Independent States and Mongolia.

To ensure maximum impact of the funds invested in the Programme great importance is given to the national priorities particular to each partner country (for the complete list see Tempus Tacis Guide for Applicants 1998/99) which are established every year by the Commission in agreement with the authorities of the respective partner country. This year more emphasis was given to areas such as Law and Environment and less to areas such as Languages and European Studies.

The Tempus Tacis projects were selected by the European Commission with technical assistance provided by the European Training Foundation. All projects were assessed on a technical and academic level; the latter was carried out by a pool of academic experts from the partner countries and the EU Member States.

A final experts panel chaired by DG EAC involving EU and partner country experts has been established in order to discuss applications for which the assessment differed and those where further advice was sought. The panel then established a provisional ranking of applications for all countries in the Tempus Tacis programme.

This year the final expert meetings chaired by the Commission were organised in parallel sessions, as follows: EU expert meeting on 14-15 September in Torino; UKR expert meeting on 29 September in Kiev; ARM, AZB, GEO and UZB expert meeting on 12-13 October in Tbilisi; RF and MNG expert meeting on 19 and 20 October in Torino.

The final list of projects in the countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Mongolia, the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Uzbekistan proposed to the Commission for funding were chosen on the basis of their qualitative ranking, co-ordination with other Tacis assistance programmes, balance between priority areas and an appropriate geographical spread of projects.

This selection process is illustrated in Flowchart 2 overleaf.

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Flowchart N° 2

4.8 Tempus Tacis selection results

// 1998

Number of project proposals received // 254

Number of projects proposed for funding // 69

Success rate // 26%

Average project grant allocated // ECU 344,440

A total of 254 applications was received for the eight countries in the 1998/99 selection round of Tempus Tacis programme within the following categories:

- JEPs: 95

- Mobility JEPs: 22

- CP: 137

Compared with the last open selection round in 1996 when a total of 299 project applications for the same countries were received, there has been a decrease of 23% in the number of project applications received. The decrease ranged from 17% for Armenia, 18% for the Ukraine, 20% for the Russian Federation, 25% for Georgia, 40% for Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan and 53% for Mongolia.

This decrease is mainly due to the fact that this year, for the first time, university consortia have had the opportunity to apply directly for a three-year JEP, instead of having the one-year preparatory phase (pre-JEP). This new approach has several implications, such as having already international contacts established or a very clear picture of objectives, local needs analysis, etc.

Furthermore, the priority areas for this selection round were focused on a more restricted number of subjects.

>TABLE POSITION>

There was also a closed call for Joint European Project applications in 1998, open only to Pre-JEPs from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation and Turkmenistan. A total of 10 applications were received, 6 of which have been selected.

5 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

1. Tempus Phare Guide for Applicants 1998/99 and 1999/2000, in 11 languages

2. Tempus Tacis Guide for Applicants 1998/99, in 12 languages

3. Tempus at Work (country sheets for all Phare, all Tacis and all EU countries with information about their involvement in Tempus), 1997/98, in EN, FR, DE, RU

4. Tempus Conference Report 14-15.11.1997/Slovenia, multilingual document (EN, FR, DE)

5. Tempus Tacis Compendium 1998, multilingual document (EN, FR, DE)

6. Tempus Tacis Output Compendium of selected projects in economics, 1998, multilingual document (EN, FR, DE, RU).

7. Tempus Tacis guide: Working and living in Armenia, 1998, in EN

Please note that all of the above 1998 publications can be found, together with all other Tempus documents, in the download section of the ETF Web site at: http://www.etf.eu.int/

Tempus Phare

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Tempus Tacis

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EU Member state involvement in Tempus Phare JEPs in 1998/99

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(*) The figures in this column indicate the percentage of projects in which the country in question appears (adds up to more than 100% as each project has at least two EU countries participating)..

EU Member state involvement in Tempus Tacis JEPs and CPs in 1998/99

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(*) The figures in this column indicate the percentage of projects in which the country in question appears (adds up to more than 100% as each project has at least two EU countries participating)..

Distribution by subject area of Tempus Phare JEPs starting in 1998/99

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Distribution by priority area of Tempus Tacis JEPs starting in 1998/99

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Distribution by priority area of Tempus Tacis CPs starting in 1998/99

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Albania [7]

[7] Excluded are details about the projects (IMGs) which were carried out when Slovenia was still part of Yugoslavia, i.e. before independence in 1992. Twenty-four of the indicated JEPs were originally Yugoslavian projects but renewed as Slovenian projects in the same year.

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99

* Social Sciences // 33.3%

* Applied Sciences and Technologies // 16.7%

* University Management // 50%

Bulgaria

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99

* Natural Sciences and Mathematics // 5%

* Applied Sciences and Technologies // 15%

* Languages // 10%

* Institution Building // 40%

* University Management // 30%

Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99

* Humanities // 14.3%

* Management and Business // 14.3%

* Applied Sciences and Technologies // 57.1%

* Languages // 14.3

Czechoslovakia [8]

[8] Covers only the period 1990-1992, before independence of the Czech and Slovak Republics.

// Tempus I

//

// 1990-1992

1. Budget: //

Total Tempus budget (in MECU) // 34.96

National indicative programme // 27.70

Regional funds // 7.26

Other Phare sources //

//

2. Projects: //

Number of JEPs supported // 145

of which new //

//

Number of JENs supported // -

//

Number of new CMEs per year // 53

//

Number of IMGs awarded // 1,008

from Czechoslovakia // 785

to Czechoslovakia // 223

Czech Republic [9]

[9] For 1990-1992 see Fact sheet Czechoslovakia.

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99

* Social Sciences // 9.1%

* Management and Business // 9.1%

* Institution Building // 63.6%

* University Management // 18.2%

Estonia

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99

* Institution Building // 40%

* University Management // 60%

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99

* Social Sciences // 16.7%

* Management and Business // 16.7%

* Natural Sciences and Mathematics // 16.7%

* Applied Sciences and Technologies // 8.3%

* Art and Design // 8.3%

* University Management // 25%

* Other // 8.3%

Hungary

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99

* Humanities // 4.55%

* Management and Business // 4.55%

* Institution Building // 63.6%

* University Management // 27.3%

Latvia

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99

* Applied Sciences and Technologies // 33.3%

* Institution Building // 33.3%

* University Management // 33.3%

Lithuania

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99

* Applied Sciences and Technologies // 40%

* Institution Building // 20%

* University Management // 20%

* Other // 20%

Poland

>TABLE POSITION>

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99

* Social Sciences // 15%

* Applied Sciences and Technologies // 5%

* Institution Building // 32.5%

* University Management // 47.5%

Romania

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99

* Applied Sciences and Technologies // 17.4%

* Languages // 4.4%

* Institution Building // 30.4%

* University Management // 34.8%

* Other // 13%

Slovak Republic [10]

[10] For 1990-1992 see Fact sheet Czechoslovakia.

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99

* Institution Building // 50%

* University Management // 37.5

* Other // 12.5%

Slovenia [11]

[11] Excluded are details about the projects (IMGs) which were carried out when Slovenia was still part of Yugoslavia, i.e. before independence in 1992. Twenty-four of the indicated JEPs were originally Yugoslavian projects but renewed as Slovenian projects in the same year.

>TABLE POSITION>

Subject areas covered by new JEPs in 1998/99

* Management and Business // 20%

* Applied Sciences and Technologies // 20%

* Institution Building // 20%

* University Management // 40%

Armenia

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(1) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998

* Economics // 33.33%

* University Management // 33.33%

* Applied Economics // 33.33%

Azerbaijan

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

(4) Biennial funding fully allocated in 1996.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998

* University Management // 66.67%

* Environmental Sciences // 33.33%

Belarus

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

(4) Two projects were selected but only started in 1998.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998.

* Law // 33.33%

* Economics // 33.33%

* European Studies and International Relations // 33.33%

Georgia

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

(4) Biennial funding fully allocated in 1996.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998.

* Psychology and Behavioural Sciences // 20%

* University Management // 60%

* Education and Teacher Training // 20%

Kazakhstan

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Projects started in 1997.

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

(4) Closed call for application, budget taken from 1996-1997 allocation

(5) Projects were submitted in 1996 but started in late 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998

* University Management // 50%

* Environmental Sciences // 50%

Kyrgyzstan

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Projects started in 1997.

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

(4) Closed call for application, budget taken from 1996-1997 allocation

(5) Project was submitted in 1996 but started in late 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998

* Economics // 100%

Moldova

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

(3) Projects started in 1997.

(4) Biennial funding fully allocated in 1996.

(5) Projects were submitted in 1996 but started in late 1997.

Subject areas covered by JEPs running in 1998

* Economics // 50%

* University Management // 50%

Mongolia

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998.

* University Management // 25%

* Applied Economics // 25%

* Agricultural and Food Sciences // 25%

* Education and Teacher Training // 25%

Russian Federation

>TABLE POSITION>

(1). Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998

* History // 3.13%

* Law // 12.5%

* Economics // 28.13%

* University Management // 34.38%

* Applied Economics // 3.13%

* Medical Sciences // 6.25%

* Engineering and Technology // 3.13%

* Environmental Sciences // 9.38%

Turkmenistan

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Projects started in 1997.

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

(4) Closed call for application, budget taken from 1996-1997 allocation

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998.

* Applied Economics // 33.33%

* Tourism and Leisure // 33.33%

* Environmental Sciences // 33.33%

Ukraine

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998

* Law // 18.18%

* Social Sciences // 18.18%

* Economics // 9.09%

* European Studies and International Relations // 9.09%

* University Management // 18.18%

* Environmental Sciences // 18.18%

* Modern European Languages // 9.09%

Uzbekistan

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs in 1998

* University Management // 50%

* Engineering and Technology // 25%

* Education and Teacher Training // 25%

The Tempus projects listed in this annex are representative of the quantitative and qualitative impact of Tempus in the partner countries. Please note that the descriptions were written during 1998/99.

Tempus Phare

Joint European Project 9532 - 95

(Bulgaria)

Project data:

Title: BULGAMIN

Objective: Restructuring of 'the Intercultural dialogue programme' and development of a 'Geopolitics and ethnicity programme' both as specialisation at graduate level at the University of Sofia. Development of interdisciplinary courses at undergraduate and graduate level for the Centre for Interethnic Relations at the Higher Pedagogical Institute 'Konstantin Preslavski' in Shoumen and development of continuing education courses for civil servants and representatives of minority organisations at the International Centre for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations in Sofia.

Partners:

* Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', Sofia, BG (co-ordinating institution)

* Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NL (contracting institution)

* International Centre for Minorities Studies and Intercultural Relations, Sofia, BG

* Konstantin Preslavski University of Shoumen, Shoumen, BG

* Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, I

* Ecole Normale Supérieure de Fontenay aux Roses, Fontenay-aux-Roses, F

Countries involved in the project:

* Bulgaria

* The Netherlands

* Italy

* France

Duration:

3 years (1/9/1995 - 31/08/1998)

Project description:

Qualitative impact:

Results: the planned interdisciplinary courses in the intercultural programme have been developed, some of which are in French and English. Students have been to EU countries and are now ready to give the courses as well. A computer network has been established to help the teaching of the courses within the University of Sofia.

Innovative aspects: Dealing with minorities. The Bulgarian teaching staff has given lectures in Paris and Bologna. Some of the courses are being developed in foreign languages. Student mobility served to help with the development of teaching material (translation and adaptation to EU standards).

Quantitative aspects:

Dissemination achieved: some discussions with experts in Bulgaria have taken place (coming from, among others, Association for Regional Development in Smolian and Centre for Territorial planning in Sofia).

Information:

Teaching material.

Joint European Project 11503-96

(Poland)

Project data:

Title: Academic Credit transfer for Polish Universities

Objective: Establishment of a credit transfer system among the 22 partner universities of the project ACT (Academic Transfer for Polish Universities), based on ECTS, that will be implemented at the majority of Faculties at the Technical University of Wroclaw from the beginning of the third project year.

Partners:

* Technical University of Wroclaw, PL (co-ordinating and contracting institution)

* Universidad de Granada, E

* Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, NL

* Technische Universiteit Delft, NL

* Katholieke Hogeschool Kempen Geel, B

* Karel de Grote-Hogeschool - Katholieke Hogeschool Antwerpen, B

* Horsens Tekniske Skole, DK

* Københavns Universitet, DK

* Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille I, F

* Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy, F

* University of Oulu, SF

* Fachhochschule Wiesbaden, D

* Technische Universität München, D

* National University of Ireland, Galway, IRL

* University of Bristol, UK

* Kingston University, UK

* University of Greenwich, UK

* Nottingham Trent University, UK

* University of Humberside, Grimsby, UK

* Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

* University of Paisley, UK

* Glasgow Caledonian University, UK

University of Glamorgan, UK

Countries involved in the project:

* Poland

* Spain

* Netherlands

* Belgium

* Denmark

* France

* Finland

* Germany

* Ireland

* United Kingdom

Duration:

3 years (1/9/1996 - 31/08/1999)

Project description:

Qualitative impact:

The project is in its third year, the year in which the credit transfer system developed in the first two years will be implemented for the first time.

A number of courses have been internationalised, and can now be delivered in English or in German. These courses are included in the study programmes and are fully equivalent with those delivered by the other EU universities.

A uniform credit system based on ECTS was developed and credits were allocated to all subjects and courses of all the Faculties at the Technical University of Wroclaw. This credit system will be approved at university level, with a view to a possible future extension to the other Technical Universities in Poland.

The new credit transfer system enables the exchange of students both internally, among the different Faculties within the Technical University of Wroclaw, and internationally, among the 22 ACT project partners.

Regarding the management of this project, the decision-making process takes place in Wroclaw. Each year a General Meeting of the partners is organised, and the demands from partners are always taken in consideration and satisfied.

Quantitative aspects:

In order to provide indicative data on the magnitude of the project, 72 students from the project partners were granted an ACT scholarship to take courses at partner universities in the second project year (1997/98). In the third year, it is expected to have an even larger number of students undertaking mobility.

Information:

Information materials about the project and the Technical University of Wroclaw were prepared, and a final version of the Information Package was elaborated for all the Faculties. An additional publication available is the leaflet "Credits at the Faculties". In the web page of the Technical University of Wroclaw, extensive information on the project is also available.

Joint European Project 11144-96

(Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

Project data:

Title: Internationalisation of Study programmes in the four Baltic States Technical universities.

Objective: Creation/restructuring and internalisation of a technical bachelor study programme, specific to each of the four participating Baltic States universities (Chemical technology in Tallinn, Energetics in Riga, Electromechanics in Kaunas and Civil Engineering in Vilnius). Development of 50% of courses in foreign languages, allowing the use of a credit transfer system between the institutions of the EU and of the Baltic States, in view of the opening of the Socrates programme to the East. Implementation of a language teaching service and a service for International Relations in each of the institutions.

Partners:

* Tallinn Technical University, Tallinn, EE

* Riga Technical University, Riga, LV

* Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, LT

* Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, LT

* Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, IRL

* Helsinki Institute of Technology, Helsinki, SF

* Odense Tekniske Skole, Odense, DK

* Fachhochschule Kiel, Kiel, D

* IUT de Béthune, F (co-ordinating and contracting institution)

* Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, S

Countries involved in the project:

* Estonia

* Latvia

* Lithuania

* Ireland

* Finland

* Denmark

* Germany

* Sweden

Duration:

3 years (1/9/1996 - 31/08/1999)

Project description:

Qualitative impact:

Results: Vilnius Technical University offers a B.Sc. course in Civil Engineering in English. Some courses of the second study year are available in French. The modules are open as optional courses to other faculties from 1998/99. The plan of enrolment for 1998/99 was 20 students for the English language stream and 10 students for the French language stream.

Kaunas University of Technology is offering a B.Sc. in electromechanics in these English, French German and Russian.

In Riga a B.Sc. in energetics is developed in English. The aim is to offer 20 or slightly more of the total of 40 courses of this curriculum in English. Given that the first year functions as a common foundation year for all engineering students, the courses delivered in English are available to all the students.

In Tallinn, a curriculum in chemical and environmental technology has been developed; 31 out of 58 subjects are taught in English.

All four universities have now language laboratories with 12 working places each. In all universities English for special purposes is being taught.

Innovative aspects: The demand on the labour market for students who have completed the course in a foreign language is very high.

Comparison tables for credit transfers have been made for all participating universities. Student mobility is being handled following the Socrates/Erasmus model. It is to be pointed out that credit comparison tables between the Baltic universities have been established, thus envisaging the application of ECTS between Tallinn, Riga and Vilnius and Kaunas.

Dynamics of cooperation: Co-operation between the four universities is based on the existing cooperation network of the Baltic technical universities. In this project, exchange of teaching material and course syllabi is envisaged with a further view to cooperation the respective subject areas. This will widen the fields of active cooperation. Each university is represented in a subject of particular excellence, which is the basis for mutual interest in cooperation in the respective fields.

Quantitative aspects - Dissemination:

One of the aims of dissemination is to increase support for the development of courses in foreign languages.

At the participating Lithuanian and Latvia universities dissemination committees, appointed by the rectors, are functioning. As a result, Vilnius Technical University made available 12,500 USD for the development of further degree courses in foreign languages. At Kaunas University of Technology 60 PhD students have been recruited to teach at the International Studies Centre. The university is also actively looking for emigrant Lithuanians with a view to attract them back to their home country and employ them specifically for teaching duties on courses taught in foreign languages.

Information:

An information leaflet is published and at Kaunas University of Technology a homepage with the complete programme and course description in 5 languages, has been developed.

Tempus Tacis

Joint European Project 10028 - 95

(Kazakhstan)

Project data:

Title: KAZTOUR

Objective: Restructuring of the International Tourism curriculum at the Faculty of International relations at the kazakh State University of World Languages in Almaty into a multi-disciplinary International Tourism Management curriculum at graduate and postgraduate level.

Partners:

* Kazakh State University of World Lanaguages, Almaty, KAZ

* Vrije Universiteit Brussels, B (co-ordinating and contracting institution)

* Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, E

Countries involved in the project:

* Kazakhstan

* Belgium

* Spain

Duration:

01/09/1995 - 31/08/1998

Project description:

Objectives:

* Modernise existing courses and introduce new courses in the field of tourism which meet international standards

* Adoption of a multi-level education system ( Bachelor and Degree level courses )

* Introduction of new educational methods and information technology

* Train specialists in tourism on both a micro and macro level

* Establish co-operation with other institutes and authorities in Kazakhstan and abroad

Qualitative impact:

Results

* 18 new courses have been created covering ; Geography of Travel and Tourism, Foundations of Tourism, Tourism Law, Foundations of Enterprise Dynamics, Foundations of Accountancy, Business Skills, Tourist Behaviour, General Economics, Business Research and Methodology, Entreprise Project, Introduction to Management, Marketing Principles, Business Mathematics, or Business Law Licensing. Foreign language courses and applications of software to tourism business are also included.

* Curriculum now comprises 6 basic courses and 7 compulsory core courses for the 1st year and 6 basic courses and 9 compulsory core courses for the 2nd year.

* Introduction and use of software products related to tourism within the new curricula.

* Introduction of a new evaluation for courses studied using the modular system.

* Introduction of a multi-level system with a 4 year Bachelor Degree followed by a 2 year Master degree in accordance with the country's new law on higher education.

* Creation of the Educational Centre of World Languages of Kazakh State, registered as a non-profit centre. The centre provides up-to-date training on tourism for enterprises and classes in applied foreign languages (marketing, tourism, advertising etc.)

Innovative aspects

* Use of representatives of the Ministry of Tourism as trainers for some of the new courses in addition to the permanent teaching staff of Kasuwl - this adds a highly practical element to the new courses.

* Modularisation of existing and new courses and the introduction of a related evaluation system.

Dynamics of cooperation

* There was considerable support for the project from the Ministry of Education who requested close collaboration between the different establishments in charge of the development of Tourism courses within Kazakhstan.

* The Rector of the Kazakh coordinating university is a powerful figure and has been able to maintain and encourage strong links between all EU and Kazakh partners throughout the life of the project.

Quantitative aspects:

Dissemination

* This project involves 3 other local HE institutions; The Kazakh International University, the Almaty State University and the Academy of Management and the Ministry of Tourism. The three institutes are involved in training activities in the field of Tourism as part of the project.

* The new Educational Centre of World Languages of Kazakh State disseminates information on tourism and related training to over 19 regions within Kazakhstan.

Joint European Project 10216-96

(Russian Federation)

Project data:

Title: Developing Perm Institute's Provision for SEN Teacher Training

Objective: To develop the capacity of Perm Pedagogical Institute on providing a continuum of teacher training for special educational needs in the region.

Partners:

* Perm State Pedagogical Institute, RF

* University of Oxford, UK (co-ordinating and contracting institution)

* Universiteit van Amsterdam, NL

Countries involved in the project:

* Russian Federation

* United Kingdom

* The Netherlands

Duration:

3 years (1/01/97 - 31/12/99)

Project description:

Qualitative impact:

Results

* The analysis of service needs and the potential of PSPU to respond in terms of curriculum development, training and restructuring has been completed.

* Pilot schools have been well selected and have the potential to be good models for others to follow. Each school represents a different approach to the methodology which underpins SEN and they are representative of local needs.

* A new team of 12 cross-faculty university lecturers and 30 teachers trained. Courses and seminars on "Social Teacher-Defectologist"; "Training of Speech Therapists"; "Speech Therapists"; "Correction of carriage disorders and flat-foetidness" and "The complex rehabilitation of SEN children" have either been completed.

* A new SEN faculty working in a restructured PSPU. The Institute for Continuing Education, within PSPU, co-operates with municipal and regional administrations in providing teacher in-service training that is funded by local administrations.

* A new equipped development centre with an active network.

* An updated range of SEN programmes that have been implemented and positively evaluated. The postgraduate diploma in higher education will follow Russian standards in order to obtain Federal licensing and accreditation.

Innovative aspects:

* The project is introducing fundamental changes into the philosophy underlying the treatment of children with SEN. This represents a significant shift away from a medical isolationist approach to teacher training and education delivery and towards a psychological and pedagogical approach of integration. The philosophy is based on EU traditions and was developed during pre-project academic exchanges. This enabled common understanding and good relations to be established at an early stage.

Dynamics of cooperation

* A joint management group and extended working groups have been developed with appropriate representation from PSPU, municipal and regional education and voluntary organisations.

Quantitative aspects:

Dissemination

* The project works in close cooperation with the municipal administration, which has provided funding for teacher re-training in SEN for 22 teachers on the 9 month crash course and has intentions to continue support in the future. Furthermore the project liaises with the regional educational and social services, schools and voluntary organisations.

Compact Project CP-20096-98

(Ukraine)

Project data:

Title: Disseminating Social Work and Social Policy in Ukraine

Objective: To establish national training programmes for educators and researchers in social work and social policy. To use distance learning as a vehicle for training.

Partners

* National University,"Kiev Mohyla Academy" Kiev, UKR

* Anglia Polytechnic University, UK (co-ordinating and contracting institution)

* Universidaded do Porto, P

Countries involved in the project

* Ukraine

* Great Britain

* Portugal

Duration:

3 years (01/01/1997 - 31/12/1999)

Project description:

Overall objective:

To disseminate Social work and Social Policy in the UKR by building on the successful implementation of the previous T_JEP 8562-94 in which among other things, an MSc in Social Work and a Certificate in Social Work were established.

Qualitative and quantitative impact:

* Training of trainers (educators and researchers) in order to establish a self-sustainable network of Ukrainian educators.

* Creation of a 1 -year modular course in Social work for educators

* Creation of a 1 -year modular course in Social work for researchers

* Organisation of a 3 day conference for Directors Social Work Education programmes in UKR

* End of Year 2 - national conference for dissemination on Social Work & Social Policy

* Preparation and publication of workbooks (suitable for distance learning) - also to be available on Internet

* Regular dissemination of project information to regions (Kiev/Chenigiv, Dnipropetrovsk)

* Creation of a learning Resource Centre for national dissemination of information on social work

Innovative aspects

* The UKR partner is has been involved in the creation of a database on social work issues funded by Tacis.

* Workbooks for distance learning will be made available on the Internet

Dynamics of cooperation

* The current CP project partners are the same as those of the completed T-JEP 8562. The consortium enjoys a strong, productive partnership. The EU partners have enormous experience in this field and a thorough knowledge of Ukrainian needs due to previous co-operation.

* As a result of the T-JEP 8562, a Department of Social Work and Social Policy has been created at the Kiev Mohyla Academy (KMA)

* There is active support from the Ministry of Social Protection who has taken the necessary steps to create a new lectureship in Social Policy at KMA.