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Km COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
COM(94) 356 final 
Brussels, 27.07.1994 
94/0188 (COD) 
94/0189 (COD) 
m ,x:MM EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ACTION IN SUPPORT OF CULTURE 
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 
AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 
Proposal for a 
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION 
establishing a programme to support artistic and 
cultural activities having a European dimension 
KALEIDOSCOPE 2000 94/0188 (COD) 
(presented by the Commission) 
Proposal for a 
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION 
establishing a support programme in the field of 
books and reading 
ARIANE 94/0189 (COD) 
(presented by the Commission) 
COMMUNICATION: EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ACTION 
IN SUPPORT OF CULTURE 
(ARTICLE 128 OF THE EC TREATY) 
INTRODUCTION 
The entry into force of the Treaty on European Union brings significant changes for the 
action undertaken by the Community in the cultural sector. The determination of the 
signatories to create an "ever-closer union of the peoples of Europe", notably through the 
introduction of a citizenship of the Union, is given substance through the conferment of 
specific powers in sectors such as culture. The strengthening of Community action in favour 
of culture will also contribute to developing the highly promising potential for job creation 
in this sector. 
Among the important changes made to the Treaty are the following: 
Article 3(p), which lists as one of the objectives of Community action: "a contribution 
to education and training of quality and to the flowering of the cultures of the 
Member States"; 
Article 92(3)(d), which stipulates that one of the types of State aid which may be 
considered compatible with the common market is "aid to promote culture and 
heritage conservation where such aid does not affect trading conditions and 
competition in the Community to an extent that is contrary to the common interest"; 
Article 128 under Title IX providing a specific basis for undertaking actions which, 
while respecting the national and regional diversity of Member States, are aimed at 
supporting and supplementing the actions of Member States in specific fields. 
These new provisions do not affect the bases on which certain harmonization measures having 
a cultural dimension (for example in the area of the movement and export of cultural goods) 
have been and will continue to be taken. 
Article 128 under Title IX does, however, call for the definition of guidelines to match the 
cultural role which Member States want to give to the Community, which will accommodate 
the actions already initiated by the Community in the cultural field, and for the specification 
of new developments. 
Such is the object of this communication, which was announced in "New Prospects for 
Community Cultural Action" (COM (92) 149) adopted by the Commission on 29 April 1992 
and approved by the Council on 12 November that year. It was stated that "specific proposals 
and programmes" in the cultural field would be presented after the entry into force of the 
Treaty on European Union. 
This communication is now required in order to outline the framework, on the new basis 
provided by the Treaty, for Community support measures in the cultural field, and thus to 
avoid the risk of hiatus in the Community's cultural action at the very time the Community 
has stated its wish for that action to be further developed. 
This communication is in three parts: 
An analysis of Title IX of the Treaty, which constitutes the foundation for the 
development of the European Union's action in the cultural field; 
A section setting out, for each field of cultural action, the priority measures to be 
based henceforth on Article 128; 
A section concerning the incorporation of cultural aspects in other Community policies 
and programmes. 
Annexed to this communication are two proposals for Decisions concerning the Kaleidoscope 
programme and the programme of support for books and reading. 
I. ANALYSIS OF TITLE IX (ARTICLE 128V OF THE TREATY ON 
EUROPEAN UNION 
The potential for Community action can be defined by reference to the aims set out in 
Article 128(1) and (3), to the areas of intervention described ((2) and (3)), to the type of 
action assigned to the Community ((2) and (4)), to the methods of intervention and to the 
decision-making procedure laid down in the Treaty (Article 128(5) and Article 189(b)). The 
aims specified in Article 128 and the area of intervention take in virtually the entire cultural 
field, and thus open up a wide horizon for Community action. 
There are, however, restrictions on the type of action possible, the instruments available, and 
on the procedure to be followed. 
A. Aims (Paragraphs 1 and 3) 
Three very ambitious aims are set: 
to contribute to the flowering of the cultures of Member States while respecting their 
national and regional diversity and, at the same time, bringing the common cultural 
heritage to the fore; 
to encourage contemporary cultural creation; 
to foster cooperation with third countries and the competent international 
organizations, in particular the Council of Europe. 
B. Areas of intervention (Paragraphs 2 and 3) 
The areas of intervention are as follows: 
at Community level: 
improvement of the knowledge and dissemination of the culture and history of the 
European peoples; 
conservation and safeguarding of cultural heritage of European significance; 
non-commercial cultural exchanges; 
artistic and literary creation, including in the audiovisual sector; 
in external relations: 
cooperation with third countries and the competent international organizations in the 
field of culture, in particular the Council of Europe. 
C. Methods of Community intervention 
The guiding principles for Community intervention in the cultural field are subsidiarity and 
the requirement that it supplement Member States' action. The object is to encourage 
cooperation between Member States and, where necessary, support and supplement their 
action in the areas of intervention indicated. Any harmonization of the laws and regulations 
of Member States is expressly ruled out by Article 128. 
Paragraph 4 of the Article does, however, stipulate that the Community must take cultural 
aspects into account in its other policies. 
This particularly significant statement means that, from now on, culture must be taken into 
consideration in the development of all Community action, notably in the formulation of new 
actions and policies, while ensuring that Community law is respected. 
In accordance with the principles laid down, priority in the planning of action must be given 
to promoting the influence of Member States' cultures and providing a wider audience for 
cultural creativity, notably by: 
encouraging cultural cooperation in the form of networks and partnerships between 
different players and promoting the circulation of cultural works; 
supporting emblematic cultural initiatives; 
making use of the opportunities provided, in an information society, by new 
communication technologies; 
enhancing the cultural dimension of socio-economic development 
The instruments of Community action in support of culture are essentially of two types: 
financial support and technical assistance. 
D. The decision-making process 
(a) The procedure (paragraph 5) 
The adoption of proposals in the cultural field presented by the Commission to 
Parliament and the Council under Article 128(5) involves the procedure of 
co-decision by Council and Parliament, as set out in Article 189(b) of the 
Treaty, with the requirement of unanimity in the Council at every stage of the 
procedure as referred to in that Article. In addition, a new body - the 
Committee of the Regions - must also be consulted. 
However, this complex procedure is inspired by the particular sensitivity of the 
cultural field. It requires a wide consensus for incentive measures to be adopted 
and means that proposals should be of a certain scale, both in content and in 
duration. Particularly extensive advance consultation is necessary for the 
procedure to be effectively put into practice. 
(b) The measures 
The types of measures which could be envisaged include: 
Binding measures: 
Decisions by Parliament and the Council (co-decision procedure) acting on 
proposals by the Commission, adopted unanimously by the Council after 
consulting the Committee of the Regions, for the organization of incentive 
measures. 
Non-binding measures: 
Recommendations by the Council, also to be adopted unanimously on the basis 
of a Commission proposal 
II. THE REFERENCE FRAMEWORK. BROAD LINES OF ACTION AND 
COMMUNITY INCENTIVE MEASURES IN THE CULTURAL FIELD 
The insertion in the Treaty of Article 128 means that action taken in the past in the areas of 
intervention specified (in paragraphs 2 and 4) must henceforth.be based on Article 128(5) 
without prejudice of other specific legal basis. As a result of this change, Community cultural 
action will from now on be a permanent feature of Community activity. 
The new reference framework for cultural action 
The Commission feels that a reference framework for cultural action should be established 
on* the basis of the Treaty. 
On the basis of the objectives and the specific areas set out in the Treaty, the Commission 
has sought to identify the broad lines of action and the corresponding types of action. They 
have been identified by reference to past experience, projects implemented and the new 
potential offered by the Treaty. Thus, three priority areas of intervention have been 
identified: cultural heritage, books and reading and artistic activities. For each of them five 
types of actions could be envisaged: enhancement and extension to wider audience, networks 
and partnerships, access to culture, research and training, cultural cooperation with third 
countries and international organizations. 
1. Heritage 
The Commission has already developed a number of initiatives in this key area of cultural 
action: pilot projects for the conservation of the cultural heritage, restoration projects for 
monuments and sites of symbolic importance, training grants, studies, etc. 
These actions must be redirected and expanded, to include the movable heritage and museums 
and to take into account the technological developments (multimedia) which give the sector 
new opportunities for profile-raising, cooperation and exchanges. The Commission has 
accordingly embarked on a series of consultation meetings and close contacts with the other 
European institutions, the competent authorities in Member States, professionals, and 
representatives of international organizations concerned. 
In the light of its findings, the Commission will, towards the end of 1994, present to 
Parliament and Council a draft communication. 
Moreover, many of the existing Community policies and programmes - in particular the 
structural Funds - have already given a sensitive contribution to the European cultural heritage 
and will be able to contribute more(1). 
2. Artistic activities: Kaleidoscope 
Support for artistic activity with a European dimension is one of the best means of 
encouraging cultural creativity, of developing cooperation and exchanges and of giving works 
a greater impact and wider distribution. Several types of artistic creation can be involved : 
the performing arts (dance, music, theatre, opera), plastic and spatial arts, applied arts and 
audiovisual works (see Annex). 
The Commission is proposing that Parliament and the Council adopt the attached proposal on 
the Kaleidoscope Programme setting out five categories of incentive measure. 
(!) The Commission, in the framework of innovatory pilote actions during the period 
1994-1999, financed on the basis of Article 10 of the European Regional Development 
Fund, intends to develop new axes of action, in particular in the field of cultural 
heritage and of its economical impact. 
3. Books and reading: ARIANE 
The dissemination and translation of literary and dramatic works are other key areas of action 
at Community level: such works are one of the prime vectors of a culture, they help to bring 
the cultural heritage to a wider audience and promote literary, artistic and audiovisual creation 
(see Annex). 
Taking the view that this action is entirely consistent with the objectives set out in Article 128 
and in the light of the resolutions passed by Parliament and the Council, the Commission is 
presenting a proposal for a Council Decision on a multiannual programme covering five 
categories of incentive measure. 
******* 
The objectives - areas of intervention relationship for these priorities could be outlined as 
follows: 
EXAMPLES OF INCENTIVE MEASURES* 
1. Cultural heritage of 
European significance Enhancement and extension to 
wider audience 
• restoration of monuments of 
symbolic importance 
- support for one-off events, 
festivals, Eruopean City of 
Culture, European Day 
- digitalization and multimedia 
- European Architecture Prize Networks and partnerships 
- seminars for the exchange of 
experience 
• cooperation with organizations 
dealing with movable and 
nonmovable heritage 
• twinning arrangements between 
museums, sites ... including use of 
multimedia 
- mobility of professionals 
- joint purchase of works of art Access to culture 
- information for different groups 
- raising awareness, of cultural 
content (relations with education, 
tourism, regional development, 
fight against social exclusion) 
- use of multimedia facilities, 
video-museums Research/training 
- grants for training in 
conservation 
• seminars, modules and 
studies 
• research into conservation 
techniques Cooperation with third 
countries and international 
organizations 
- support for safeguarding 
and restoration activities 
- participation in training and 
access programmes 
2. Books and reading 
'ARIANE") - assistance for literary and 
dramatic translation 
- European Literature Prize and 
European Translation Prize - incentives for meetings and 
partnerships between publishers 
and booksellers 
- development of a translation 
network 
- library networks 
- use of multimedia facilities - information and awareness-raising 
(relations with education, and fight 
against social exclusion ...) 
- activities for the development of 
reading 
- use of multimedia facilities - grants (literary 
translation) 
- research on the 
preservation of paper and 
leather - assistance for translation 
• support for cooperative 
activities 
- participation in training and 
access programmes 
1 Artistic activities 
(kaleidoscope) - support for symbolic artistic 
events support for artistic events 
organized in partnership 
• meetings and exchanges of 
experience between professionals 
and other partners involved in the 
field (including those regarding 
less priviledged young people) information 
use of multimedia facilities 
fight against social exclusion - raising the profile of 
artistic training 
• further training for 
practising artists 
• travel grants for artists • support for cooperative 
activities in the artistic field 
• participation in networks 
and partnerships 
III. INCORPORATION OF CULTURAL ASPECTS IN OTHER COMMUNITY 
POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES 
Article 128(5) is not the only basis for action allowing the Community to pursue cultural 
objectives or to take measures which have an impact on culture. Paragraph 4 of this Article 
states that "the Community shall take cultural aspects into account in its action under other 
provisions of this Treaty". 
This imposes the obligation on the Community to take the cultural objective into 
consideration in all areas of its activity, including in instruments for which the legal base 
offers the possibility of a comprehensive common policy or where it provides the means to 
establish and operate the internal market. 
But the first thing this requires of the Community is that it look at the ways in which both 
its internal policies and its external policies might include a cultural dimension contributing 
to the achievement of the overall aims of the Treaty (Articles 2 and 3) and of the objectives 
defined in Article 128(3). The second requirement is that it take the necessary measures and 
employ appropriate means. 
To this end: 
The Commission will draw up within one year an inventory for transmission to 
Parliament and the Council, of the cultural dimension of the main Community policies 
concerned. This report will deal in particular with the support given to the cultural 
sector under Community policies, notably regional development, the new technologies, 
external relations, etc.(2). 
The Commission will take internal procedural measures to ensure that the demands of 
culture are given due consideration when Community policies are being formulated 
and implemented. 
The Commission will provide appropriate information on this subject, notably in its 
work programme and the annual report. 
CONCLUSION 
With the ratification of the Treaty on European Union and in particular the new Article 128 
inserted in the EC Treaty, new prospects have opened up for cooperation and support in the 
cultural sector. 
If it is to develop fully within the frontier-free Europe, the Union's cultural action will have 
to be based on a programme of priority measures allowing it, while respecting the principle 
of subsidiarity, to maximize its impact and to contribute real added value. 
(2) It is worthwhile recalling, in this context, that structural Funds may indirectly support 
cultural projects via measures of economical development such as tourism. 
Proposals for two such incentive measures are presented in Annex to this communication. 
Further proposals will follow in accordance with a strict timetable. At the end of this process, 
there will be a programme of cultural action covering several years. This programme should 
be finalized during 1995. Existing actions will thus continue until their replacement by 
incentive measures, as proposed below. 
The Commission is now asking Parliament and the Council : 
(a) to take into account the present Communication, in particular the reference framework 
established according to the objectives set out in Article 128; 
(b) to adopt the proposed Decisions concerning: 
the Kaleidoscope programme for supporting artistic activity with a European 
dimension; 
the "ARIANE" programme of support for books and reading. 
10 
ANNEX - AUDIOVISUAL PRODUCTION 
Article 128(4) stipulates notably that Community intervention should aim, where necessary, 
at supporting and supplementing Member States' actions in the field of "artistic and literary 
and creation, including in the audiovisual sector". It is therefore necessary to examine how 
audiovisual techniques can contribute to the flowering and dissemination of Member States' 
cultures (objectives of Article 128), in particular in the context of the information society. 
Firstly, the means of communication developed in the field of multimedia bring revolutionary 
opportunities for exchanging knowledge and increasing the influence of artistic creation. 
We are now in the era of the computerisation of the heritage and of interactive networks 
linking museums, public libraries and cultural centres, thus permitting exchanges of 
knowledge and common research and training, as well as an unprecedented level of access 
to and use of Member States' cultural riches. These phenomena must be addressed with a will 
to improve the access of all citizens to their culture and to that of others and with concern 
to protect the collective property which is the cultural heritage. Initiatives in these areas can 
contribute to the realisation of programmes implemented on the basis of Article 128. 
Secondly, it is indispensable to take into account the consequences for the European 
audiovisual programme-making industry of the implementation of new information 
infrastructures (trans-European networks). Meeting in Corfu on 24 and 25 June 1994, the 
European Council stressed "the importance of the linguistic and cultural aspects of the 
information society". In its communication of 19 July 1994 (COM(94) 347), "Towards an 
Information Society in Europe", the Commission stressed the key role played by audiovisual 
policy within that information society. 
It should be mentioned in this regard that the Commission adopted on 6 April 1994 the 
Green Paper entitled "Strategic options to Strengthen the European Programme Industry in 
the Context of the Audiovisual Policy of the European Union". This document has been the 
subject of very wide consultation in the sectors concerned, notably during the 
European Audiovisual Conference. 
The Green Paper proposes three main lines of action: the regulatory framework, support 
mechanisms at Community level and the convergence of national systems. Although the 
debate needs to identify what is at stake and objectives in the long-term, certain issues need 
to be addressed in the short-term. There are in particular two such issues. The first is the 
follow-up for the MEDIA programme (measures to develop the audiovisual industry). The 
second is the possible revision of the "Television without Frontiers" Drective. These measures, 
along with other measures of audiovisual policy such as the Action Plan for the Introduction 
of Advanced Television are based upon the relevant provisions of the Treaty. 
In addition, the Commission has been organizing for several years an action aimed at 
supporting the development of the European dimension of film festivals and audiovisual 
programmes, in order to encourage the circulation within Europe of audiovisual works. 
Initially funded from- within the MEDIA programme, this action will be the subject of an 
exceptional promotional effort in 1995 and 1996, to coincide with the Centenary of the* 
Cinema and in accordance with the wishes expressed by the Council in its Resolution of 
5 November 1993. . '.-<-^- ••--*:.-^ .>-r"""'" ^"^^ 
11 
Proposal for a 
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION 
establishing a programme to support artistic and cultural activities 
having a European dimension 
KALEIDOSCOPE 2000 
12 
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 
Article 128 of the Treaty establishing the European Community now lays down the general 
objective of contributing "to the flowering of the cultures of the Member States" and, in 
particular, calls for measures to encourage cooperation between Member States and support 
and supplement their action in such areas as improvement of the knowledge and dissemination 
of culture, cultural exchanges and artistic and literary creation. The Article also stresses the 
importance of cooperation by the Community and its Member States with non-member 
countries and competent international organizations in the sphere of culture, in particular the 
Council of Europe. 
The Community is therefore required to support steps taken by the Member States to 
encourage artistic and cultural creation by means of incentive measures that reflect the 
subsidiarity principle and offer a genuine added value both culturally and socio-economically 
in that they favour operational synergies. 
In this context, the Community provides financial support for cultural projects with a 
European dimension, symbolic actions and cultural projects originating in non-member 
countries. This financial support, although limited, has nevertheless over the years acquired 
a certain significance because it brings to the fore the cultural richness and diversity of 
European countries. 
The Commission has tried to structure this action gradually to give it greater visibility and 
transparency and to coordinate it with the Community's cultural objectives. In organizing its 
activities it has consulted experts and professionals in the cultural field and based itself on 
specific studies(1), and has enjoyed the unflagging support of Parliament, particularly as 
regards budget allocations. The effect of this can be seen in the granting of financial support 
for symbolic actions and, from 1991, the organization of the Kaleidoscope programme, and 
the creation of a budget heading "Cultural cooperation with third countries" to provide support 
for cultural projects involving countries outside the Community. 
The Kaleidoscope programme is currently enjoying growing success with the public and 
cultural circles. 
Nevertheless, in its present form, the programme is only able to assist between 10% and 12% 
of all projects submitted. 
This scheme therefore needs to be extended to cover a larger number of projects in the 
medium term. 
(1) Handbook for Plastic Artists - 1986 
Work of a group of experts (Committee of Cultural Consultants) on theatre, music and 
the visual arts and "Culture and the European Citizen in the Year 2000" - Report -
November 1989 
Study carried out on behalf of the Commission on theatre and dance in the nineties -
A programme for Europe (IETM - February 1991) 
Symposium on live theatre in Europe organized by the University of Paris-Dauphine -
November 1992. 
13 
The Commission consequently feels that this programme, which is becoming one of the major 
areas of Community action in the cultural field, should also support large-scale emblematic 
activities (e.g. European City of Culture, the European Communities Youth Orchestra, the 
European Communities Baroque*Orchestra, etc.) and large-scale cultural projects carried out 
by European cultural operators. It would also like to see 9 May, which is celebrated in most 
Member States, used to highlight the cultural diversity and richness of our countries and, if 
this were to happen, it could support cultural projects to mark Europe Day. 
With this in view, the Commission is planning to reorganize the Kaleidoscope programme, 
which will in future centre on the following five incentive measures: 
Promotion and spread of culture in Europe by means of Community-wide projects and 
emblematic actions. 
Networks and partnerships. Support for projects carried out in partnership or through 
networks. 
Training. Projects linking further training for creative and performing artists and others 
active in the cultural field with a specific event with a particular aim 
Access to culture. Projects to encourage access to culture and cooperation between 
professionals in the cultural field as well as local, national and European authorities 
on themes related to Community action on culture. 
Cooperation with third countries and international organizations. 
In the Commission's view, once the Kaleidoscope programme has been reorganized in this 
way it will be better able to help encourage creation and will have a greater impact on the 
dissemination and spread of different cultures throughout Europe. One of its objectives would 
be for the Community to support, between 1996, and the year 2000, 2000 cultural projects 
having a professional standard and innovative character, based on genuine European 
cooperation. 
In conclusion, the Commission proposes. 
to reorganize the Kaleidoscope programme as set out above; 
to increase the budget of the new Kaleidoscope programme to improve its 
effectiveness, 
to submit these proposals under the new procedure laid down in Article 128 EC. 
14 
Proposal for a 
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION 
establishing a programme to support artistic and cultural activities 
having a European dimension 
94/0188 (COD) 
KALEIDOSCOPE 2000 
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, 
Having regantf to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular 
Article 128 thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, 
Having regard to the Opinion of the Committee of the Regions, 
Whereas the Treaty confers on the Community responsibility for contributing to the flowering 
of the cultures of the Member States by improving the knowledge and dissemination of the 
culture and history of the European peoples and by encouraging cultural exchanges and 
artistic and literary creation; 
Whereas cultural diversity, as expressed at national, regional and local level, must be 
preserved and the works of European artists and writers which are a manifestation of the 
richness of the many forms they take must be promoted; 
Whereas it is also important to encourage all citizens, especially young people - and more 
particularly those in less-favoured circumstances - to become more involved in culture so as 
to promote greater mutual respect and understanding; 
Whereas cooperation through networks is one of the best ways of breaking down barriers and 
helping both professionals and volunteers in the cultural sector to cooperate more closely on 
the ground, with due regard for the principle of subsidiarity; 
Whereas Community action in support of artistic and cultural events with a European 
dimension, and cultural projects with a Europe-wide scope and symbolic nature, promotes the 
spread of different cultures whilst bringing artists and creators closer to the European public, 
and can also create added value at a socio-economic level by encouraging operational 
synergies and partnership; 
Whereas, in the Solemn Declaration on European Union signed in Stuttgart on 19 June 1983, 
the Heads of State and Government called for more extensive contacts between writers and 
artists of the Member States and a wider dissemination of their works; 
Whereas Parliament adopted a Resolution on the creation of a European Communities Youth 
Orchestra, and a European Communities Baroque Orchestra was created to mark the European 
Year of Music in 1985; 
15 
Whereas the Ministers responsible for Cultural Affairs meeting within the Council on 
13 June 1985 adopted a Resolution0* concerning the annual "European City of Culture" event 
to help bring the peoples of the Member States closer together; 
Whereas, in the conclusions of the Ministers of Culture meeting within the Council of 
18 May 1990, it was decided to create a "European Cultural Month" to take place each year 
in one city in a European country basing itself on the principles of democracy, pluralism and 
the rule of law<2); 
Whereas the Ministers for Culture meeting within the Council on 7 June 1991 expressed in 
a Resolution "their determination to encourage the theatre in Europe and to enhance its 
European dimension"(3); 
Whereas the Resolution of the Council and the Ministers of Culture meeting within the 
Council of 14 November 1991 stresses the important role of networks of cultural 
organizations in cultural cooperation within Europe(4); 
Whereas the Commission communication of 29 April 1992 on "New prospects for Community 
cultural action" states that the arts sector, and particularly the performing and visual arts, 
should be supported by means of trans-national networks and measures to encourage creation; 
whereas the Council, in its conclusions of the Ministers of Culture meeting within the Council 
of 12 November 1992 on guidelines for Community cultural action(5) encouraged this 
approach; 
Whereas the aforesaid Conclusions pointed out that there was an interest, within the principles 
of the Treaty on European Union, in Community cultural action with third countries in and 
outside Europe, and in European cultural cooperation with other competent international 
forums, including the Council of Europe; 
Whereas Parliament, in its Resolution on the communication from the Commission on new 
prospects for Community cultural action(6) and in its Resolution on Community policy in the 
field of culture(7), stresses the importance of cultural networks and of stepping up support for 
music, theatre, dance and the visual arts, 
(i) 
(2) 
(3) 
(4) 
(5) 
(6) 
(7) OJNoC 153, 22.6.1985, p. 2. 
OJNoC 162, 3.7.1990, p. 1. 
OJNoC 188, 19.7.1991, p. 3. 
OJNoC 314, 5.12.1991, p. 1. 
OJNoC 336, 19.12.1992, p. 1. 
OJNoC 42, 15.2.1993, p. 173. 
OJ No C 44, 14.2.1994, p. 184. 
16 
HAVE ADOPTED THIS DECISION: 
Article 1 
The Commission shall set out, for a five-year period from 1996, an action programme, 
contained in the Annex, to promote knowledge and dissemination of the culture of the 
European peoples, particularly in the fields of the performing arts, visual or spatial arts, 
multimedia arts and applied arts, through cultural exchanges and emblematic events (the 
"Kaleidoscope 2000" programme), hereinafter referred to as "the programme". 
Article 2 
The aims of the programme shall be as follows: 
to encourage artistic and cultural creation in Europe in the fields of the performing 
arts, visual or spatial arts, multimedia arts and applied arts by bringing such creation 
closer to different European publics; 
to support innovative cultural projects of professional standard and of European 
interest involving genuine European cooperation; 
to encourage cultural exchanges in order to contribute to mutual awareness, thus 
promoting access to culture for less privileged categories; 
to encourage the promotion and spread of culture in Europe; 
to promote arts and culture in order to develop the job-creation potential in this sector, 
especially for the benefit of young people. 
Article 3 
To attain the objectives of the programme, the Community shall provide financial support for 
the following incentive measures which are intended to support and supplement measures by 
the Member States in the fields of artistic and cultural creation, cultural exchanges and artistic 
and cultural dissemination: 
1. Promotion and spread of culture: 
(a) support for large-scale emblematic cultural projects with a European dimension; 
(b) support for large-scale cultural projects carried out by European cultural 
partners. 
17 
I. Projects carried out in partnership or in cooperation through networks: 
(a) support for artistic and cultural events organized in partnership, that is to say, 
jointly organized by partners from at least three Member States or by cultural 
networks, and involving creative artists or others active in the cultural field from 
. at least three Member States, and entailing creative work to be disseminated and 
presented to the public; 
(b) Support for meetings and exchanges of knowledge and experience between 
professionals and others active in the cultural field, jointly organized by partners 
from at least three Member States, or by cultural networks, and involving 
participants from at least three Member States. 
For this type of project, priority shall be given to European cultural networks 
involving either non-profit making cultural organizations or professionals engaged in 
developing common cultural action. 
5. Training: 
Support for projects linking the- training of creative or performing artists or others 
active in the cultural sector with artistic and cultural events supported by this 
programme. 
4. Access to culture: 
Support for cooperation between those active in the cultural sector or regional, 
national or European authorities on specific themes within the fields of arts and 
culture, either through meetings at European level or through studies and research 
directly linked to the development of Community action on culture. Priority shall be 
given to projects using multimedia tools. 
5. Cooperation with non-member countries and international organizations: 
(a) support for large-scale cultural projects representative of European culture, 
taking place outside the Community with the participation of artists from the 
Community; 
(b) support for artistic and cultural cooperative ventures involving, in both 
organization and participation in the event, partners from at least two European 
third countries and one Member State. The project must be submitted by a 
cultural body from a European third country and must include creative work 
intended for public display or dissemination; 
(c) support for meetings and exchanges of knowledge and experience between 
professionals and others involved in the cultural sector. Priority shall be given 
to cultural networks which develop cultural activities in European third 
countries. 
Priority shall be given to non-member countries with which the Community has signed 
association or cooperation agreements incorporating cultural clauses. 
18 
The Community and the Member States shall promote cooperation with the relevant 
international organizations in the cultural sector, and in particular with the Council of Europe, 
whilst ensuring that the instruments adopted are complementary and respect the individual 
identity and autonomy of each institution and organization. 
Article 4 
The Commission shall be responsible for implementing the programme. For the purpose of 
carrying out that task, the Commission shall be assisted by the Advisory Committee for the 
incentive measures in the cultural field (hereinafter referred to as "the Committee"), according 
to the procedure laid down in Article 5. 
The Committee, of an advisory nature, shall consist of representatives appointed by each 
Member State and shall be chaired by a representative of the Commission. 
Article 5 
The representative of the Commission shall submit to the Committee a draft of the measures 
to be taken. The Committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft within a time limit which 
the chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter, if necessary by taking a 
vote. 
The opinion shall be recorded in the minutes; in addition, each Member State shall have the 
right to ask for its position to be recorded in the minutes. 
The Commission shall take the utmost account of the opinion delivered by the Committee. 
It shall inform the Committee of the manner in which its opinion has been taken into account. 
Article 6 
After the programme has been in operation for two years, and within six months of that 
period, the Commission, after having consulted the Committee, shall present a report on the 
results achieved to the European Parliament and the Council, accompanied, where necessary, 
by appropriate proposals. 
On expiry of the programme, the Commission, acting in accordance with the procedure laid 
down in Article 5, shall submit a report on the implementation and results of the programme 
to the European Parliament and the Council. 
Article 7 
The programme, containing practical information on procedure, national organizations able 
to provide technical assistance to cultural projects, the closing dates for the submission of 
applications and the documents which must accompany the applications, shall be published 
each year in the "C" series of the Official Journal of the European Communities. 
19 
Article 8 
This Decision shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in 
the Official Journal of the European Communities. 
Articled 
This Decision is addressed to the Member States. 
Done at Brussels, 
For the European Parliament For the Council 
The President Hie President 
W 
ANNEX 
COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROGRAMME 
FOR ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL PROJECTS HAVING A EUROPEAN DIMENSION 
KALEIDOSCOPE 2000 
CONDITIONS OF PARTICIPATION 
To promote the awareness and dissemination of the culture of European peoples, particularly 
in the fields of the performing arts, visual or spatial arts, multimedia arts and applied arts, the 
Community is planning to support cultural projects with a European dimension and symbolic 
actions and to give priority to cooperation between those professionally involved in the 
cultural sector, particularly by means of networks. 
To this end, the Community is organizing the Kaleidoscope 2000 Programme which includes 
the following measures: 
Action 1 
Promotion and spread of culture in Europe 
1. The programme is open to large-scale cultural projects with a European dimension and 
of an emblematic nature. 
2. Depending on the quality of the proposed programmes, the following shall be 
considered to be large-scale European projects with an emblematic character: 
cultural events which are already well established at European level, such as the 
European City of Culture, the EC Youth Orchestra, the EC Baroque 
Orchestra, etc.; 
cultural events organized jointly by the Member States to mark Europe Day on 
9 May; 
large-scale, high-quality cultural projects with a European dimension which 
enable the cultural and socio-economic impact of projects carried out in 
partnership to be assessed. 
3. The projects described at point 2 must be the subject of an individual application to 
the European Community; the application must be accompanied by: 
a detailed description of the actions to be undertaken in the course of the year; 
a detailed budget for these actions; 
an evaluation of the actions undertaken in the year preceding the application to 
allow an assessment of both the cultural quality and the socio-economic impact 
of the results obtained. 
21 
Applications should be sent no later than to the European Commission, DG X, 
Culture Unit, 200 Rue de la Loi, B-1049 Brussels. 
Projects must have adequate financial cover to ensure that they can be completed. 
Community support for a project may in no circumstances cover the entire costs. 
Applications will be examined separately and selected by the Commission's 
departments. 
Action 2: 
Networks and partnerships: Support for events and cultural projects carried out in 
partnership or through networks 
1. The programme is open to cultural and artistic projects jointly organized by partners 
from at least three Member States, or by cultural networks, and involving creative or 
performing artists or others active in the cultural sector from at least three 
Member States. 
2. The following shall be considered to be cultural cooperation projects: 
Any artistic or cultural event involving creative work intended for public display 
or dissemination in Europe. The areas chosen are as follows: the performing arts 
(dance, music, theatre, opera, etc.), visual or spatial arts (painting, sculpture, 
carving, engraving, etc., architecture, photography and design), multimedia arts 
and applied arts. 
Events such as conferences, seminars or meetings between professionals from 
the cultural sector organized by cultural networks or others involved in culture 
from at least three Member States, and involving creative or performing artists 
or others involved in the cultural sector from at least three Member States. The 
sectors involved are the visual arts, performing arts, spatial arts, multimedia arts, 
applied arts and related areas such as cultural administration, the cultural 
economy, sponsorship, etc. 
3. Projects submitted for the Kaleidoscope programme must be of European interest, of 
high quality and innovatory and exemplary in nature, and take place in 19... 
4. The following are excluded: 
cultural cooperation projects of a purely regional, national or bilateral nature; 
cinema or television events; 
cultural heritage projects; 
literary translation projects; 
the production of material and publications not forming an integral part of the 
event (monographs, collections, reviews, records, CDs, videos, etc.); 
feasibility studies; 
22 
investment or operating costs of the cultural organizations which do not form an 
integral part of the event in question; 
cost of preparing future cooperation projects; 
cost of setting up networks. 
5. Generally speaking, support for a cultural event may not be repeated. However, in 
certain cases the Community may provide assistance to cultural networks for a 
maximum of three consecutive years, provided that there is continuity in the project. 
The renewal of Community assistance will be assessed by independent experts on the 
basis of the activity report for the project submitted by the network. 
6. Projects must have adequate financial cover to ensure that they can be completed. 
Financial assistance for a project under the Kaleidoscope programme may not exceed 
25% of the total cost of the project and in any event may not exceed ECU 30 000. 
7. The application forms and a copy of this notice can be obtained from the Offices of 
the European Commission in the Member States or from the European Commission, 
DG X, Culture Unit, rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels. 
8. Applications for financial support should be sent to the European Commission in 
Brussels. Applications should be postmarked no later than 
9. The Commission, according to Articles 4 and 5 of Decision No ... of.... will decide 
whether or not to provide financial support to the selected projects. 
Action 3: 
1. Further training for creative or performing artists or others active in the cultural sector, 
which is immediately put to use in specific projects with a particular aim, encourages 
contemporary creation. Priority will therefore be given to projects for cultural events 
which include training or further training courses in their organization. These projects, 
which will contribute to develop the potential of job creation in the field of arts and 
culture, will notably benefit to young people. 
2. Financial assistance with training may be granted to some of the cultural and artistic 
cooperation projects (Action 2) selected. This support may not exceed 50% of the 
Community's contribution to the event or cultural project. 
3 The Commission, in cooperation with Member States, shall take care of ensuring 
complementarity between the actions of this programme and the Community 
programmes in the field of education and training, Socrates and Leonardo. 
23 
Action 4: 
Access to culture 
1. By way of an extra, and in order to improve cultural cooperation between those 
working in the cultural sector and regional, national and European authorities, support 
may be provided in specific cases limited to meetings organized at European level or 
to studies and research directly linked to the development of Community cultural 
action. 
2. These meetings and studies shall not be directly linked to the cultural projects and 
events receiving support under the Kaleidoscope 2000 programme (Actions 1, 2 
and 3). 
3. Applications for financial assistance must be sent to the European Commission, DG X, 
Culture Unit (200, rue de la Loi - B-1049 Brussels), no less than two months before 
the date of the meeting or study. They must contain a detailed description of the aims 
and content of the meeting or study as well as a detailed budget for the operation. 
4. Applications must demonstrate adequate financial cover to ensure that the action can 
be completed. In any event, the Community's contribution may not exceed 50% of the 
total costs of the meeting or study. 
5. Applications will be selected by the Commission by reference to the quality, 
usefulness and subsidiarity element of the project submitted. 
Action 5: 
Cooperation with non-member countries and international organizations 
1. Community support for cultural cooperation projects with non-member countries is 
organized along similar lines to aid for projects involving the Community countries 
referred to in points 1, 2, 3 and 4. In this connection, priority is given to projects 
involving third countries with which the Community has signed 
association/cooperation agreements with cultural clauses, such as the countries of 
Central and Eastern Europe and the Latin American countries. 
2. The following projects are eligible: 
* Large-scale cultural projects representative of European culture, taking place 
outside the European Community with the participation of artists from the 
Community (e.g. European Culture Month). 
* Artistic and cultural cooperation projects or meetings and exchanges of 
knowledge and experience between professionals and others involved in the 
cultural sector, involving, in both organization and participation in the event, 
partners from at least two non-Community countries and one Member State. The 
project must be submitted by a cultural body from a non-Community country 
and must include creative work intended for public display or dissemination. 
Priority shall be given to cultural networks which develop genuine cooperation 
between the Community and non-member countries. 
24 
In this connection the Community will seek synergy with competent international 
organizations, and in particular with the Council of Europe, while respecting the 
individual identity and autonomy of action of each institution and organization. 
25 
FINANCIAL STATEMENT 
1. Title of operation 
Support programme for artistic and cultural projects with a European dimension -
KALEIDOSCOPE 2000. 
2. Budget headings involved 
B3-2001; B3-2003; the external section of the programme will be financed also on the 
basis of Title IV fo the Budget \ 
3. Legal basis 
Article 128 of the EC Treaty 
Decision n° ... of .... 
4. Description of operation 
The aims of the programme are as follows: 
to encourage artistic and cultural creation in Europe in the fields of the 
performing arts, visual or spatial arts, multimedia arts and applied arts by 
bringing this creation closer to different European publics; 
to support innovative cultural projects of professional standard and of European 
interest involving genuine European cooperation as regards circulation of the 
work; 
to encourage cultural exchanges, in order to contribute to mutual awareness 
thus promoting access to culture for less priviledged categories; 
to encourage the promotion and spread of culture in Europe. 
to promote arts and culture in order to develop the potential job creation in this 
sector, notably for young people. 
The programme includes the following measures: 
Promotion and spread of culture: 
Support is provided for large-scale emblematic cultural projects with a 
European dimension, such as the European City of Culture, the European 
Communities Youth Orchestra, the EC Baroque Orchestra, Europe Day 
(9 May), etc. Support is also provided for large-scale cultural projects carried 
out by European cultural partners, particularly in the fields of the performing 
26 
arts, visual arts, and applied arts (e.g. projects by the Mozart Foundation, 
Germinations or the Union of Theatres in Europe). 
Projects carried out in partnership or in cooperation through networks: 
Support is provided for artistic and cultural projects organized either by 
partnerships involving operators from at least three Member States or by 
cultural networks with the aim of encouraging European cultural cooperation. 
Events and projects organized in non-member countries with which the 
Community has signed association or cooperation agreements are also 
considered, provided that these events and projects involve at least two 
non-member countries and one Member State. 
Training: 
In the case of projects organized in partnership or through networks, additional 
support is provided for training schemes directly linked to projects for creative 
or performing artists or others active in the cultural sector. These projects, 
which will contribute to develop the potential of job creation in the field of 
arts and culture, will notably benefit to young people. 
Access to culture: 
Support is provided for cooperation between professionals in the cultural sector 
or regional, national or European authorities on specific topics in the fields of 
art and culture, whether in form of meetings at European level or through 
studies and research directly linked to the development of Community action in 
the cultural sector. Special attention is paid to projects using multimedia tools. 
Cooperation with third countries and international organizations is increased to 
the extent that cultural projects from third countries are considered under the 
programme. The Community and the Member States also promote cooperation 
with competent international organizations in the cultural sector, and in 
particular with the Council of Europe, by ensuring that the instruments adopted 
are complementary while respecting the individual identity and autonomy of 
action of each institution and organization. 
The programme will last for five years, from 1996 to 2000. 
By the year 2000 the Kaleidoscope 2000 Programme should be able to support 
2 000 events and cultural projects. Priority will be given to projects organized by 
cultural networks. 
5. Classification of expenditure or revenue 
Non-compulsory 
Differentiated 
27 
6. Type of expenditure or revenue 
6.1 
6.2 
6.3 
6.4 
6.5 
6.6 100% subsidy 
No 
Subsidy for joint financing with other sources in the public and/or private 
sector 
This is the usual form of Community investment in partnership with other 
sources of funding from public or private organizations. 
Interest subsidy 
No 
Other 
Should the operation prove an economic success, is there provision for all or 
part of the Community contribution to be reimbursed? 
No 
Will the proposed operation cause any change in the level of revenue? 
No 
7. Financial impact on appropriations for operations 
7.1 The calculations are based on estimates of the unit costs of the operation and 
the number of operations. 
7.2. Present situation and budgetary planning of Kaleidoscope 2000 
ACTION HEADINGS 
Emblematic 
actions 
Kaleidoscope 
sections I/I II 
Further 
Training 
Theater and 
music, studies 
and 
operational 
meetings 
Cooperation 
with Third 
Countries 
TOTAL BUDGET 
HEADINGS 
B3-2001 
B3-2001 
B3-2001 
B3-2001 
B3-2003 BUDGET 
1994 
0.750 
2.350 
0.850 
0.500 
1.000 
5.450 1995 
0.750 
2.450 
0.850 
0.500 
1.000 
5.550 1996 
1.200 
2.900 
1.100 
1.200 
2.000 
8.400 1997 
1.400 
3.200 
1.200 
1.400 
2.400 
9.600 1998 
1.800 
3.600 
1.200 
1.600 
2.800 
11.00 
28 
Estimate budgetary planning of Kaleidoscope 2000 
I. SYMBOLIC 
ACTIONS 
Europe day 
European city of 
culture 
European month 
** 
Symbolic & 
large-scale 
actions* 
- performing arts 
-visual & spatial 
arts 
- applied arts 
II. 
PARTNERSHIPS, 
NETWORKS, 
TRAINING 
III. ACCESS TO 
CULTURE 
TOTAL 
ACTIONS 
IV. COMPLE­
MENTARY 
MEASURES 
Information & 
publications about 
actions (2-3.5%) 
Technical 
assistance in 
Brussels (8%) 
TOTAL 1996 
25 000x8 
0.20 
0.60 
1.20 
0.35 
0.15 
4.30 
0.20 
7.0 
0.20 
0.30 
7.50 1997 
25 000x12 
0.25 
0.70 
1.30 
0.35 
0.15 
5.35 
0.25 
8.40 
0.20 
0.40 
9.00 1998 
25 000x16 
0.60000 
0.80 
1.40 
0.40 
0.15 
5.90 
0.30 
9.25 
0.25 
0.50 
10.00 1999 
25 000x24 
0.60 
0.90 
2.50 
1.00 
0.50 
11.90 
0.60 
18.00 
0.50 
1.00 
(19.5) 2000 
25 000x24 
0.60 
3.0 
(3 X 1) 
2.50 
1.00 
0.50 
12.30 
0.60 
20.50 
0.50 
1.00 
(22.00) TOTAL 
ECU 
million 
1.95 
6.00 
8.9 
3.1 
1.45 
39.75 
1.95 
63.15 
1.65 
3.20 
68.00 
** 
N.B. E.g. European Community Youth Orchestra, European Community Baroque Orchestra, Mozart 
Foundation, etc. 
The external section of the programme will be financed notably on the basis of Title IV of the Budget. 
The amounts indicated in the tables are only indicatives. The annual budget will be fixed by the 
budgetary authority within the annual budgetary procedure. The amounts for 1999 et 2000 are indicated 
in brackets as the internal budgetary planning is not yet available. 
29 
8. What anti-fraud measures are planned in the proposal for the operation? 
All contracts will include a clause providing for the possibility of spot checks by the 
authorizing departments, Financial Control and the Court of Auditors. In addition, 
payments are made only on production of invoices certified as being accurate. 
9. elements of cost-effectiveness analysis 
9. J Objectives and coherence with financial programming 
The first aim of this action is the promotion and spreading of the cultural richness and 
diversity of our countries as a key element of the European identity and thus of 
European Union. 
By fostering cultural exchanges among our countries and regions, this programme will 
equally aim : 
to encourage artistic and cultural creation (art. 128 § 2) thus contributing to 
give a wider audience to our artists and creators; 
to promote the access to culture of a larger and diversified audience; 
to promote arts and culture in order to develop the potential of job creation in 
this sector, notably for young people, 
- to foster cultural cooperation among our countries as well as certain third 
countries. 
To match these objectives, the programme will provide a significant Community 
contribution : 
to cultural events of a European dimension (participation of partners of at least 
three Member States). In this context, the aim of the programme will be to 
support to some 2000 cultural projects over five years. Moreover, in the 
framework of these 2000 projects, a support is equally given for actions of 
further training for artists, creators or interpreters as well as other partners of 
the cultural sector; 
to large-scale emblematic cultural events, with a European dimension, 
organized by European cultural partners (eg. the European City of Culture, etc.) 
The Commission aims to use this programme to complement the measures introduced 
by the Member States in the field of the arts and artistic and cultural exchanges, while 
at the same time respecting the principle of subsidiarity. 
The programme is aimed directly at creative artists and performers and organizers of 
cultural events. However, given that the cultural events in question are to be presented 
to a broad audience in the Community and third countries, its target group is a much 
larger public. 
30 
The financial impact of the programme is due to the fact that the measure proposed is 
a new one based on the principle of subsidiarity and also to the needs of the cultural 
field, aimed at a wider dissemination of culture as well as the development of cultural 
cooperation at European level. Moreover, this financial impact lakes into account the 
adhesion by 1995, of four new Member States as well as the opening of the cultural 
programmes to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The latter having 
indicated their specific interest for cultural cooperation. 
9.2 Grounds for the operation 
Cultural exchanges and the dissemination of cultural works remain very limited. 
Community investment in this area must be increased substantially to contribute to the 
flowering of the cultures of the Member States and ensure closer cultural cooperation 
between them. 
Moreover, our societies increasingly compelled to rapid structural changes and to 
reorganize working time, are brought to introduce more prominently culture as an 
element of participation, of human and democratic values and fight against social 
exclusion. 
In the face of these trends, it is important to foster cultural communication in order to 
preserve cultural identities, while at the same time helping them to become more 
widely known throughout Europe and beyond and to benefit from multilateral 
exchanges and contacts. 
Community support for cultural events and projects will in no way take the place of 
action by the Member States. It seeks to promote European cultural cooperation and 
complement and support the efforts by Member States in the field of cultural 
exchanges and artistic and cultural creation. The measures proposed should be at 
Community level because the Member States would be unable to undertake such 
projects in isolation. 
Community support, however limited, will lend added socio-economical value as it 
encourages operational synergies and partnership. This support has a multiplying 
effect as it will also act as an incentive to further financial commitments from the 
public and private sector, making it easier to raise the necessary fundings for 
transeuropean projects; moreover it contributes to maximise the potential of job 
creation in th efield of arts and culture notably for young people (cfr. chapter 8 of the 
White Book). 
31 
9.3 Monitoring and evaluation of the operation 
During the six months following the completion of the first two years of operation of 
the programme, the Commission, having consulted the Committee referred to in 
Article 5, will submit a report to Parliament and to Council, evaluating the results and, 
where necessary, making appropriate proposals. 
At the end of the programme and in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 
5, the Commission will submit a report to Parliament, the Council and the Committee 
of the Regions on the application and results of the programme. 
10. Administrative expenditure (part A of the Budget) 
Will the proposed operation involve an increase in the number of Commission staff? If 
so, how many? 
No. 
32 
Proposal for a 
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION 
establishing a support programme in the field of 
books and reading 
ARIANE 
33 
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 
This proposal concerns the introduction of a Community scheme to encourage translation in 
Europe. 
1. Article 128 of the EC Treaty requires the Community to "contribute to the flowering 
of the cultures of the Member States, while respecting their national and regional 
diversity and at the same time bringing the common cultural heritage to the fore". 
One of the areas of cooperation between Member States to which incentive actions 
may be directed is the improvement of the knowledge and dissemination of the culture 
and history of the European peoples and literary creation. 
2. Translation contributes to the dissemination of ideas and knowledge and, on a general 
level, enhances cultural and economic exchanges between Member States and with the 
rest of the world. 
3. In a multicultural, multilingual community, translation is an essential condition for 
direct access by the mass of Europe's citizens to the richness and diversity of our 
national and regional cultures In this context, Community action is intended to 
accompany and support efforts by the Member States at regional and national level to 
promote translation with a view to engendering greater familiarity and a better 
understanding among Europe's citizens and highlighting their common heritage. 
4. Public access to the contemporary writing of other countries and regions of the 
Community is hampered by socioeconomic factors, arising above all from the 
linguistic fragmentation of the Community and the current limits of multilingualism 
as well as translation costs. 
5. In this context, most Member States have stepped up their schemes or measures to 
subsidize translation through grants to publishers or translators both for the publication 
of foreign works translated into the national language and for the translation and 
publication of major national works in foreign countries. 
6 The international organizations operating in the field of culture, such as Unesco and 
the Council of Europe, have also set up schemes to promote translation. 
The Unesco literary translation programme (Unesco series of representative works), 
launched in 1948, seeks to promote the translation and publication, primarily into 
English and French, of works of literature selected from the world's literary heritage 
in some of the least widely disseminated languages in the world. The impact of this 
programme on European literature has been extremely limited (Europe is not regarded 
as a priority under this scheme). 
34 
The Council of Europe launched a programme to support the translation of works in 
minority European languages in 1957. A maximum of two works put forward by 
member countries were awarded grants each year to cover the costs of translation. The 
experiment proved unsatisfactory and was abandoned in 1967. 
A new scheme to stimulate translation was set up in 1993 at the request of the 
Ministers of Culture. The budget of the Council of Europe's Cultural Fund earmarked 
for promoting translation and translator training was ECU 15 152 in 1994. The 
priorities agreed for this programme were the translation of children's books and 
scientific texts of significance to all European countries. 
7. Following a Resolution by the Council and the Ministers responsible for cultural 
affairs of 18 May 1989 concerning the promotion of books and reading, the European 
Community launched a pilot project, starting in 1989 for an experimental period of 
five years, to provide financial support to translations of contemporary literature. This 
pilot scheme represented a significant increase on the selective support which the 
Community had provided for Jiterary translation since 1982. 
8. The organizational details of the pilot project were agreed by the Committee on 
Cultural Affairs and published annually in the Official Journal of the European 
Communities. The project had a total budget of ECU 1 million over five years, or an 
annual grant averaging ECU 200 000. In the period 1990-93, 258 works were 
translated with Community assistance out of a total of 813 applications (31.65%), 
representing a total of ECU 850 443 (an average of ECU 3 296 per translation). 
9. In its Communication on "New prospects for Community cultural action", the 
Commission advocated developing Community action in favour of translation, and in 
particular: 
supporting the translation of more literary works; 
devoting more attention to minority languages; 
ensuring greater representation of different literary genres, and in particular those 
published in more limited editions (plays, poetry, etc.); 
introducing specific categories - particularly the translation of reference works -
to improve knowledge and dissemination of the culture and history of European 
peoples; 
opening up the possibilities created by the existing measures to the countries of 
Central arid Eastern Europe 
10. The European Parliament, in three resolutions in particular (A3-0159/92 - Larive; 
A3-396/93 - Barzanti; A3-0386/93 - Canavarro), has called for a significant increase 
in Community action to promote translation and, more generally, books and reading. 
35 
11. In their Conclusions of 12 November 1992 on guidelines for Community cultural 
action, the Council and the Ministers of Culture emphasized the importance they 
attached to translation and called for priority to be given to minority European 
languages. 
12. The Commission, too, in its Communication of... July 1994 on "European Community 
action in support of culture", identified books and reading as a priority area for 
implementing Article 128 and defined the framework for incentive measures -
including translation - which could support and complement efforts by the Member 
States while respecting the principle of subsidiarity. 
13. It is against this background that the Commission is proposing the ARIANE 
programme, whose aims are as follows: 
to encouragé wider dissemination of works of contemporary literature that are 
representative of the culture of the Member States, by giving priority to 
translations of works in the less well-known languages of the Community. 
The emblematic Aristeion Prizes - one for literature, the other for translation -
are an integral part of these measures to promote and publicize the wealth and 
diversity of literary creativity in the Community by means of translation. The 
proposal also provides for increased synergy between these prizes and grants for 
literary translation in order to increase their impact (ARIANE - Part I); 
to contribute by means of translation to the dissemination of works of 
contemporary theatre in order to offer European audiences a varied repertoire 
that is representative of the culture of the Member States; 
to encourage the dissemination of reference works to promote knowledge of the 
culture and history of Europe's peoples, particularly in the areas referred to in 
Article 128(2) and (4) of the EC Treaty; 
to supplement and complement efforts at national and regional level with a series 
of measures at Community level relating in particular to cooperation in the form 
of networks and partnerships, initial and further training and research to 
accompany and complement Community measures to promote and disseminate 
works in both the preparatory and follow-up stages; 
to promote cooperation in the field of books and reading between the 
Community and its Member States on the one hand and non-member countries 
and the relevant international organizations such as the Council of Europe on the 
other, while respecting the identity and autonomy of each institution and 
organization. Specific arrangements are made for opening the programme up to 
the countries of Central and Eastern Europe that have concluded association 
agreements ("Europe agreements") containing a specific clause on cultural 
affairs. In addition, particular attention is paid in the framework of the relations 
of the Community and its Member States with non-member countries to certain 
Latin American countries and CIS states which have made translation a priority 
area for cultural cooperation. 
36 
Proposal for a 
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION 
establishing a support programme in the field of 
books and reading 
94/0189 (COD) 
ARIANE 
TOE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND Tfffi COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular 
Article 128 thereof. 
Having regard to the proposal from Ae Commission, 
Having regard to tike opinion of the Committee of the Regions, 
Whereas the Treaty entrusts the Commission with the task of: 
contributing to the flowering of the cultures of the Member States, while respecting 
their national and regional diversity, 
- c encouraging cooperation between Member States and, if necessary, supporting and 
supplementing their action, particularly as regards artistic and literary creation, 
fostering cooperation with third countries and the competent international organizations 
in the sphere of culture, and in particular the Council of Europe; 
Whereas promoting translation contributes to knowledge and dissemination of the culture and 
history of the European peoples, to maintaining the diversity of literary creation and the 
literary heritage expressed in the various national and regional languages, and to intercultural 
exchanges and to promoting the access of citizens - and in particular the less-favoured ones -
to culture; 
Whereas it is necessary to encourage high-quality translation of literary works within the 
Community, in particular by advanced training in this field; 
Whereas the Community institutions have recognized the importance of knowledge and 
dissemination of literary works, by means of translation in particular, as is apparent from: 
the Resolution of the Council and of the Ministers responsible for Cultural Affairs, 
meeting within the Council, of 9 November 1987 on the promotion of translation of 
important works of European culture0'; 
ID Or No C 309^ 19 11.1987, p. 3 
the Resolution of the Council and the Ministers responsible for Cultural Affairs, 
meeting within the Council, of 18 May 1989 concerning the promotion of books and 
reading(2), 
the Parliament Resolution on promoting books and reading in Europe(3), 
the Conclusions of the Council and the Ministers of Culture meeting within the 
Council of 12 November 1992 on guidelines for Community cultural action(4), 
the Resolution of the Council and the Ministers meeting within the Council of 
17 May 1993 on the promotion of the translation of contemporary European dramatic 
works(5); 
Whereas the Commission's Communication of 27 July 1994 on "European Community action 
in support of culture", which makes books and reading a priority area, sets out the framework 
for incentive measures to support and complement the efforts of Member States, while 
respecting the principle of subsidiarity; 
Whereas, in the initial phase, Community measures to promote books and reading are centred 
on the translation of literature and drama and reference works in the cultural field, 
accompanied by support measures in both the preparatory and follow-up stages, 
HAVE ADOPTED THIS DECISION: 
Article 1 
The Community shall set out from 1996 an action programme to promote knowledge and 
dissemination of European artistic and literary creation, notably by means of translation (the 
ARIANE programme), hereinafter referred to as "the programme". 
Article 2 
The aims of the programme shall be as follows: 
to encourage wider dissemination of works of contemporary literature that are 
representative of the culture of the Member States, giving priority to translations of 
works in the lesser known languages of the Community and promoting them through 
emblematic measures; 
(2) 
(3) 
(•») 
<5) OJ NoC 183, 20.7.1989, p. 1 
OJ NoC 42, 15.2.1993, p. 182. 
OJ NoC 336, 19.12 1992, p. 1. 
OJ NoC 160, 12.6.i993, p. 1. 
38 
to contribute, by means of translation, to the dissemination of contemporary drama, 
to offer European audiences a varied repertoire that is representative of the cultures 
of the Member States; 
to foster the dissemination of reference works with a view to promoting knowledge 
of the culture and history of the European peoples, particularly in the areas referred 
to in Article 128(2) and (4) of the Treaty; 
to support and complement efforts at national and regional level with a series of 
measures at Community level relating in particular to cooperation in the form of 
networks and partnerships, initial and further training, and research. 
Article 3 
The activities described in the Annex shall be carried out in pursuit of the aims set out in 
Article 2. They shall be implemented according to the procedure laid down in Article 6. 
Article 4 
In carrying out the programme the Community and the Member States shall foster cooperation 
with non-member countries and cooperation with competent international organizations in the 
cultural sphere, and in particular the Council of Europe; every care shall be taken in relations 
with the latter to avoid duplication and ensure the complementarity of the measures proposed, 
whilst respecting the identity and autonomy of each institution and organization. 
Specific arrangements are set out in the Annex for opening up the programme to the countries 
of Central and Eastern Europe that have signed and ratified association agreements with the 
European Community containing a clause on cultural affairs. 
Special attention shall also be paid in the framework of the relations of the Community and 
the Member States with third countries to particular countries that intend to make translation 
a priority area in their cultural cooperation programme. 
Article 5 
The Commission shall be responsible for implementing the programme. 
For the purpose of carrying out that test the Commission shall be assisted by the 
Advisory Committee for the incentive measures in the cultural field laid down in Article .5 
of Decision No .... of concerning the Kaleidoscope 2000 programme. 
39 
Article 6 
The representative of the Commission shall submit to the Committee a draft of the measures 
to be taken. The Committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft within a time limit which 
the chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter, if necessary by taking a 
vote. 
The opinion shall be recorded in the minutes; in addition, each Member State shall have the 
right to ask for its position to be recorded in the minutes. 
The Commission shall take the utmost account of the opinion delivered by the Committee. 
It shall inform the Committee of the manner in which its opinion has been taken into account. 
Article 7 
After the programme has been in operation for two years, and within six months of that 
period, the Commission, having consulted the Committee referred to in Article 5, shall present 
a report on the result achieved to the European Parliament and the Council, and, where 
necessary, make appropriate proposals. 
On the expiry of the programme, the Commission, acting in accordance with the procedure 
laid down in Article 6, shall submit a report to the European Parliament and the Council on 
the implementation and results of the programme. 
Article 8 
The programme, containing the practical information on the organizational structures at 
national level able to provide technical assistance for cultural projects, the deadlines for 
submitting applications and the documentation which must accompany the request, shall be 
published annually in the "C" series of the Official Journal of the European Communities. 
Articled 
This Decision shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in 
the Official Journal of the European Communities. 
Article 10 
This Decision is addressed to the Member States. 
Done at Brussels, 
For the European Parlimanet For the Council 
The President The President 
40 
ANNEX 
COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROGRAMME IN THE FIELD OF BOOKS AND READING 
Incentive measures under the ARIANE programme 
The incentive measures are set out below together with a brief indication of how they are to 
be applied. The practical arrangements will be finalized later, in accordance with the 
procedure provided for in Article 6. 
Section I. Promotion and circulation 
1 Translation grants 
(a) Grants for the translation of works of contemporary literature to ensure wider 
dissemination through publication 
Grants are provided for the translation of works of contemporary literature (novels, short 
stories, literary essays, literary histories, biographies, plays, poetry) that are representative 
of the culture of their country of origin and likely to appeal to a broad European 
audience. 
Contemporary literature shall be taken to mean literature published for the first time in 
the 20th century, with priority being given to works published for the first time since 
1945. In exceptional cases, literary works published at the end of the 19th century will 
be eligible. 
In order to qualify, works must already have been translated and published in two 
Community languages (in addition to the original language). The grant is to subsidize 
translation into two additional languages. 
In order to give priority to less well-known languages, works written in these languages 
can be directly eligible for a grant to subsidize translation into two additional Community 
languages, without having been previously translated into other Community languages. 
Grants are also provided for the translation of works whose publication on the European 
market is not regarded as viable without a Community subsidy. 
Grant applications must be sent by one or more publishers from a Community Member 
State to the Commission - Cultural Unit (200, rue de la Loi - B-1049 Brussels). The 
application submitted by the publishers) must include the agreement of the translator(s). 
The grant may cover up to 100% of the translator's fee negotiated according to the usual 
market practice. 
The publisher must undertake clearly to acknowledge the translator and the Commission 
contribution. 
41 
The publishers must state that they hold any rights to the publication and/or translation 
of the work which is the subject of the application. 
The works will be selected twice a year on the basis of the following priorities: 
the work's literary merit -
the promotion and circulation of the literature of Community countries and in 
particular works in less well-known languages. 
(b) Grants for the translation of works of drama with a view to wider dissemination through 
public performances 
Grants are made for the translation of works of drama that have already been performed 
on stage or broadcast in the audiovisual media and have already received some critical 
and popular acclaim. 
Priority will be given to contemporary works written since 1945. 
The works nominated must already have been translated into at least two languages; at 
least one of the translations must be based on a specific plan for a public performance. 
The initial application m.ust be submitted by managers, directors or producers from a 
Community Member State with a view to staging a public performance of the play. The 
application must be made simultaneously to the Community and to the liaison offices 
which must issue an opinion on whether or not the works nominated qualify as priorities. 
The final selection of works to be translated will be made on the basis above all of the 
quality of the works nominated. As concerns the choice of the translations a balance will 
be ensured between the translations into widely-known languages and the one into less 
well-known languages, to increase the chances of the works reaching a large and diverse 
audience. 
The subsidy will take the form of a translation grant of up to ECU 3 500. It in no way 
affects any royalties that might be due the authors or translators in connection with the 
performance, broadcast or publication of the translated work. 
The liaison offices will act as the depositaries of the translations completed with the 
Commission's assistance and must ensure that the translations are given only to those 
interested in performing, broadcasting or publishing the work and having to this end 
obtained the agreement of the rights holders. This provision applies mutatis mutandis to 
the people referred to above. 
42 
(c) Grants for the translation of reference works with a view to wider dissemination of 
information between the professionals and the competent authorities of the Member 
States 
Grants for the translation of reference works are intended to facilitate the exchange 
of information and pooling of experience, thereby fostering cooperation between 
Member States in the areas referred to in Article 128 of the Treaty establishing the 
European Community, and in particular the areas to which the Community has 
accorded priority in its cultural policy. 
The Community has the potential to contribute a significant added value with this 
type of action. However, given the huge field that could be covered, grants for the 
translation of reference works will, at least initially, be developed in the form of an 
experimental, model scheme of limited scope. 
Grants for the translation of reference works will be given to studies and reports 
dealing with the practices and systems which exist in other Member States in the 
sphere of culture which help to highlight the questions of mutual interest relating in 
particular to Article 128(2) and (4). 
The grant application must be accompanied by the information needed to establish 
that the work to be translated would indeed make a substantial contribution to 
knowledge of the area in question, as well as an indication of the target languages 
and the written agreement of the author and translator. 
A maximum of 100 reference works may be translated into at least two languages 
over a five-year period. 
The nominations will be made to the Commission by the competent authorities of 
the Member States and the final selection will be made in the light of the interest 
expressed in the translation of these works by the representatives appointed to the 
Advisory Committee for the incentive measures in the field of culture. The works 
will be translated into as many languages as deemed necessary. 
The Community contribution, supplied after the written agreement of the author has been 
obtained, may be made in one of two ways, depending on the origin of the work: 
if the work nominated for translation was presented by a publisher, acting through 
the intermediary of the Member State, with a view to placing it on the European 
market, Community aid will be provided on similar terms to those laid down for 
grants to translations of works of contemporary literature (Section I-1 a); 
if the work nominated for translation through the intermediary of the Member State 
is not intended for commercial exploitation (e.g. it is to be translated on behalf of 
a university, research centre or specialist institute, etc.), Community aid will be 
provided in the form of a grant to help the translators carry out their work on similar 
terms to those set out for translation of works of drama (Section 1-1 b). 
43 
The Commission will periodically distribute a list with details of the works translated 
under this scheme. 
2. Emblematic action: Aristeion Prizes, synergy with translation grants 
Aristeion Prizes: European Literature Prize and European Translation Prize 
By publicizing works of outstanding merit the Aristeion Prizes (one for literature, the 
other for translation) contribute to the knowledge and dissemination of literary creation 
and offer an incentive to writers and translators, notably those of new creators. 
Without ruling out the possibility of changes being made to the practical arrangements 
for the prizes under the procedure provided for in Article 6 of this Decision, the main 
rules governing this scheme, as published in OJ No C 35, 15.2.1990, are adopted as they 
currently stand. 
The works nominated for the European literature prize are therefore automatically eligible 
for a grant towards the cost of their translation into at least two additional languages, on 
similar terms to those set out for literary works (Section 1.1 a)) provided an application 
to this effect is submitted directly to the Commission by a publisher. 
Section II Support measures 
Supporting translation is not an end in itself, but a means to promote knowledge and 
dissemination of European cultures and literary creation. Community measures to assist 
translation must therefore be combined, in both the preparatory and the follow-up stages, 
with other Community activities aimed at stimulating and supporting the efforts of the 
competent authorities in the Member States and the professionals in the field, their role 
being to introduce a European dimension. 
1. Fostering synergies at European level through networks and the development of 
partnerships 
Raising standards in literary translation in conjunction with networks and professional 
organizations such as the International Federation of Translators, the European Council 
of Associations of Literary Translators and the European network of schools of literary 
translation, by supporting initiatives aimed in particular at: 
promoting literary translation, particularly translation of a high standard, 
the pooling of experience and expertise between professional translators, 
encouraging the development of partnership schemes in cooperation with regional 
authorities and/or other public or private operators, with a view to stimulating aid 
for the translation of literature in Europe, 
44 
encouraging partnership arrangements aimed at facilitating access to information 
needed for the dissemination of works in translation, notably through the use of new 
technologies and other multimedia tools. 
Supporting the initiatives developed by networks of libraries in Europe and professional 
organizations in the field, aimed at pooling experience at European level on the 
promotion and development of European literature and other themes of common interest. 
This activity complements the schemes developed by DG XIII in the field of library 
automation. 
Supporting initiatives and encounters developed by local and regional authorities, 
sometimes in conjunction with professional networks and in particular networks of small 
and medium-sized publishers, library networks and non-profit associations or foundations 
concerned with books and literature. The main aim is to promote and facilitate access to 
and dissemination and knowledge of European literature, among other things by helping 
to open up the possibilities offered by new multimedia tools. 
Supporting the evaluation and dissemination of the results of research and initiatives in 
this area. 
2. Support measures concerned more specifically with making literature more accessible to 
the public and to young people in particular 
Selective measures to support efforts to promote reading, particularly where these 
help to spread knowledge, via translation, of the literature of different countries and 
regions of the Community, undertaken at the initiative of the competent authorities 
of the Member States (exhibitions, European days, events for the general public, 
etc.), 
support for the exchange of information and experience between the competent 
authorities and professionals of the Member States, particularly as regards promoting 
reading among young people (meetings of experts on particular themes, research, 
etc.), 
support for pilot and innovatory projects with a European dimension aimed at 
promoting reading and European literature among young people, carried out by the 
competent authorities, particularly local authorities and structures with a 
quasi-educational purpose, associations, networks, foundations (including research 
and pilot project to fight against illeterarcy and deleteracy), 
support for the evaluation and dissemination of the results of the pilot experiments 
and research carried out in this area. 
45 
3. Further training and research 
(a) Further training of literary translators 
In view of the small number of translators capable of translating works of literature, 
or at least translating from and into the less well-known languages, and the highly 
specialized nature of this type of further training, the Community complements the 
efforts of the competent authorities of the Member States by providing support for 
the further training of literary translators to help raise standards. 
This support is provided in the form of grants and allowances to cover the costs of 
travel, advance training courses and/or contributions to seminars or meetings on 
aspects of translation. 
Grants and other forms of Community aid provided for under this heading are made 
for educational projects presented by associations, foundations, colleges and 
institutes specialized in the field of literary translation, after consulting the 
competent authorities of the Member States. 
(b) Complementary training measures for professionals working to promote knowledge and 
dissemination of European literature 
Community assistance may be given, where appropriate, to specific training seminars 
organized by professionals or public organizations engaged in promoting and 
disseminating European literature. It will be provided to complement initiatives 
developed via the relevant networks and in response to specific applications 
submitted in connection with meetings organized in this context (Section II-l). 
Priority will be given to themes of common interest relating to Article 128(4). 
(c) Studies and research 
As a prelude to the grants for the translation of reference works referred to in 
section H-3.a), Community support is also available for joint research projects between 
several Community countries, particularly those undertaken via the networks or public 
partnerships referred to in section II-l and relating to themes of common interest in the 
areas cited in Article 128 of the EC Treaty. Priority will be given to projects involving 
the pooling of results and synthesis of research carried out separately by the 
Member States, with a view to enabling all those interested to derive maximum benefit 
from the research and experiments carried out in the Community and avoid duplication. 
Community support will be restricted - in the first phase - to joint research projects in 
the field of books and reading and those investigating access to and the dissemination 
of European literature within the Community, taking into account the direct and indirect 
impact of other Community policies in this area. 
Limited, selective aid may be given to those engaged in innovative research projects that 
are still in the preparatory stage but already involve participants from at least three 
Member States. The aid is to help them find new partners so that the research may be 
organized and carried out effectively (study visits, feasibility studies, etc.). 
46 
Support will be provided for the evaluation and dissemination of the results of the 
research carried out in this area 
Section III Cooperation with non-m ember countries 
1. Specific arrangements for opening up the ARIANE programme (Sections I and ID to 
countries of Central and Eastern Europe that are a party to Europe agreements 
In line with the conclusions of the Copenhagen European Council (21-22 June 1993), a 
number of programmes have to be opened up to countries of Central and Eastern Europe 
that are party to Europe agreements (Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, 
Slovenia, Romania). This applies particularly to agreements in the cultural field. Title 7 
of the European agreements on culture refers explicitly to translation. Sections I and II 
of the ARIANE programme must therefore be opened up to these other countries. The 
Association Councils will decide the terms of this participation. The countries of Central 
and Eastern Europe will themselves meet the extra costs arising from their involvement. 
If necessary, and under certain conditions, a contribution could be made from the 
Community budget. 
2. Promoting knowledge and dissemination of literary creation, particularly via translation, 
in the dialogue between the Community and its Member States and certain third countries 
Certain third countries have made translation a priority area for cultural cooperation in 
their mutual relations with the Community and its Member States. This is the case, for 
example, of the agreements with certain Latin American countries and CIS states. 
The Community and the Member States could therefore develop cooperation in the field 
of translation on the basis of applications submitted in the framework of the Joint 
Committee provided for in the agreements in question. 
Efforts will be made to achieve synergy with the competent international organizations, 
and the Council of Europe in particular, while respecting the identity and autonomy of 
each institution and organization. 
47 
FINANCIAL STATEMENT 
1. Title of operation 
Community support programme in the field of books and reading - ARIANE 
2. Budget heading involved 
B3-2001; B3-2003; the extenal section of the programme will be financed also on the 
basis of Title IV of the Budget. 
3. Legal basis 
Article 128 of the Treaty establishing the European Community 
Decision No ... of... 
4. Description of operation 
4.1 The aims of the programme are as follows: 
to encourage wider dissemination of works of contemporary literature that are 
representative of the culture of the Member States, by giving priority to translations 
of works in the less well-known languages of the Community, and ensuring they 
receive greater recognition by means, for example, of emblematic gestures; 
to contribute by means of translation to the dissemination of contemporary drama 
in order to offer European audiences a varied repertoire that is representative of the 
culture of the Member States; 
to encourage the dissemination of reference works to promote knowledge of the 
culture and history of Europe's peoples, particularly in the areas referred to in 
Article 128(2) and (4) of the EC Treaty; 
to support and complement efforts at national and regional level with a series of 
measures at Community level relating in particular to cooperation in the form of 
networks and partnerships, initial and further training, and research. 
The programme comprises the following activities: 
I. Promotion and circulation 
Grants for translation. 
1 A. 1 Grants for the translation of works of contemporary literature to ensure wider 
dissemination through publication. 
1A.2 Grants for the translation of works of drama with a view to wider dissemination 
through public performances. 
48 
I A3 Grants for the translation of reference works with a view to wider dissemination of 
information between the professionals and the competent authorities of the Member 
States. 
IB Emblematic action: Aristeion Prizes (European Literature Prize and European 
Translation Prize), synergy with translation grants. 
II. Support measures 
IIA. 1 Fostering synergies at European level through networks and the development of 
partnerships. 
11.2 Support measures concerned more specifically with making literature more 
accessible to the public and to young people in particular. 
IÎ.3A Further training 
A.l Further training of literary translators 
A.2 Complementary further training measures tor professionals working to promote 
knowledge and dissemination of European literature 
II.3.B Research 
HI. Cooperation with third countries 
IIIA Specific arrangements for opening up the ARIANE programme (Sections I and II) 
to countries of Central and Eastern Europe. 
IIIB Promoting knowledge and dissemination of literary creation, particular via 
translation, in the dialogue between the Community and its Member States and 
certain third countries. 
The programme will run for five years, from 1996 to 2000. 
5. Classification of expenditure or revenue 
Non-compulsory expenditure 
Differentiated appropriations 
6. Type of expenditure or revenue 
6.1 100% subsidy 
Only for grants for the translation of works of contemporary literature with a view to 
wider dissemination through publication. The grant may cover up to 100% of the fees 
of the translator negotiated according to the usual market practice. 
49 
6.2 Subsidy for joint financing with other sources in the public atnJ or private sector 
This is the usual form of Community involvement in partnership with other sources of 
funding from public or private organizations. Service contracts will also be concluded. 
6.3 Interest subsidy 
No ^ 
6.4 Other 
6.5 Should the operation prove an economic success, is there provision for all or part of the 
Community contribution to he reimbursed? 
No 
6.6 Will the proposed operation cause any change in the level of revenue? If so, what sort 
of change and what tyfx* of revenue is involved? 
No 
7. Financial impact 
7.1 The calculations are based on estimates of unit costs of the Community operation and 
the number of operations. 
7.2 Present situation and budgetary planning of ARIANE 
ACTION 
. Headings 
Books and 
Reading 
Further 
Training 
Cooperation 
with third 
countries 
TOTAL Budget 
Linc(s) 
B3-200I 
B3-200I 
B3-2003 Budget 
1994 
0.650 
0.300 
0.400 
1.350 PDB 
1995 
0.650 
0.300 
0.400 
1.350 1996 
1.200 
0.400 
0.500 
2100 1997 
1.400 
0.500 
0.600 
2.500 1998 
1.500 
0.500 
0.700 
2.700 I 
50 
I 1. Promotion 
1 and 
| circulation 
I .if cran' 
translation 
Drama 
Retcrence 
works 
Aristeion 
Prizes 
- organization 
• translation 
11 Support 
measures 
Synergies 
Access to 
culture 
Further 
framing 
Research 
TOTAI, 
MKASURKS 
III. Complc-
| mentary 
| measures 
1 (!«*•) 
| Information. 
| publications 
about 
measures 
Technical 
assistance 
National 
offices 
TOTAI. 1996 
137x4 000 
KCU 0.55 mill 
35 x 7. 000 
KCU 0.25 mill 
KCU 0.25 mill 
0..15 
62 x 4 000 
0.25 
0.05 
0.10 
0.40 
0.05 
2.25 
0.10 
0.10 
0.05 
2.5 1997 
162 x 4 000 
KCU 0.65 mill 
50 x 7 (KM) 
KCU 0.35 mill 
KCU 0.35 mill 
0.35 
«7x4 000 
0.35 
0.10 
0.Ï0 
0.45 
0.05 
2.70 
0.10 
0.10 
0.10 
3.00' 1998 
225 x 4.000 
KCU 0.90mill 
71 x 7 (MM) 
KCU 0.50 mill 
KCU 0.40 mill 
0.35 
KM) x 4 006 
0.40 
0.15 
0.10 
0.50 
0.10 
3.60 
0.10 
0.20 
0.10 
4.00 1999 
X50 x 4.000 
KCU 3.4 mill 
213 x 7 000 
KCU 1.5mill 
KCU 1.50 mill 
0 45 
300x4 000 
1.20 
0.20 
0.20 
0X0 
0.20 
9.45 
0.20 
0.65 
0.20 
.(10.50) 2000 
1 KM) x 4.000 
KCU 4.40 mill 
285 x 7 (MM) 
KCU 2.0 mill 
KCU2 00mill 
0.5 
500x4000 
2.00 
0.30 
0 JO 
1.00 
0.30 
12.60 
0.35 
0.70 
0.35 
•(1.4.00) Total 
2.475 x 4 000 
KCU 9.90mill 
657 x 7 (MM) 
KCU 4.60 mill 
KCU 4.50 mill | 
1.90 | 
1050 x 4 (MM) 1 
4.20 | 
0X0 | 
0.80 
3.15 
0.70 
30.60 
0X5 
1.75 
0.80 
KCU 34.0mill 
N.B. The external section of the programme will IK* financed also on the basis of Title IV of the budget. 
N.B. 'Ilic amounts indicated in the table arc only indicatives. Hie annual budget will be fixed by the budgetary authority within the 
annual budgetary procedure. 'Ilic amounts for 1999 and 2000 arc indicated in brackets as the internal budgetary planning is not 
vet available. 
51 
8. What anti-fraud measures are planned in the proposal for the operation? 
All contracts will include a clause providing for the possibility of spot checks by the 
authorizing departments, Financial Control and the Court of Auditors. In addition, 
payments are made only on production of invoices certified as being accurate. 
9. Elements of cost-effectiveness analysis 
9.1 Aims and consistency with the financial planning 
The first aim of this action is the promotion and spreading of the cultural richness and 
diversity of our countries as a key element of the European identity and thus of 
European Union. 
By fostering a better awareness and spreading of culture as well as of the artistic and 
literary creation (art. 128 §2), this programme will equally aim: 
- to encourage a larger dissemination of contemporary literary works and drama 
works, thus contributing to give a wider audience to our artists and creators; 
to improve the access to culture for a wider and diversified public, notably a 
less priviledged public of our countries; 
to stimulate cultural cooperation among the professionnals of our countries as 
well as those of certain third countries. 
To match these aims, the programme will make a significant contribution by offering 
scope for improving the dissemination of more than 2400 literary works and more than 
650 plays over five years. In addition, approximately 100 reference works will become 
more accessible to specialists in Europe. 
By this programme, the Community intends to complement the measures taken by the 
Member States as concerns translation and dissemination of literary and drama works 
as well as the cooperation among professionnals in the area in the full respect of the 
principle of subsidiarity. 
The programme is aimed firstly at the authors and translators of contemporary works 
of literature, managers, directors and producers from Community Member States 
intending to stage a public performance of a work of drama and other professionals 
in the literary and theatrical world. However, it also seeks to enable the general public 
to become better informed about the diversity of European literature and culture. 
The financial impact of the programme is due to the fact that the measure proposed 
is a new one, based on the principle of subsidiarity, and also to the needs of the 
cultural field, aimed at a wider dissemination of culture as well as the development 
of cultural cooperation at European level 
52 
Central and Eastern Europe Trie latter having indicated their specific interest for 
cultural cooperation. 
9.2 Grounds for the operation 
Works of literature and drama are currently disseminated to only a limited extent. 
Community investment in this area must be increased substantially to ensure that 
contemporary literature and drama reach a wider public in the Member States and 
certain third countries. 
Translation is an essential precondition for stepping up cultural and economic 
exchanges between Member States and with the rest of thé world. There is a specific 
and important issue at stake here, not only for professional translators but also, and 
above all, for the European public as a whole, given the effective limits of 
multilingualism In a multicultural, multilingual community a coherent overall policy 
on literary translation is crucial for genuine European integration. 
To correct the effects of undiluted market forces, it is essential that the measures 
envisaged at European level contribute first and foremost to the dissemination of 
works in languages which are at the moment not sufficiently widely known in 
linguistic areas which have to date been too shut off from the literature and thinking 
of other Community and non-Community countries. 
The Community aid to translation which this programme would provide would 
complement the measures taken by certain Member States in this area, generating 
synergy. It would provide a Community added value by strengthening the weak links 
in the distribution chain for literature in less well-known languages. Eighty-five 
percent of all translations published in Europe today are of works originally written 
in English, French and German. The effort required cannot be made by individual 
Member States or bilateral agreements Only measures developed at Community level 
can offer the necessary framework. 
Moreover, Community support will also act as an incentive to further financial 
commitments from the public and private sector, making it easier to raise the 
necessary funding for projects. 
9.3 Monitoring and evaluation of the operation 
During the six months following the completion of the first two years of operation of 
the programme, the Commission, having consulted the Committee referred to in 
Article 6, will submit a report to Parliament, the Council and the Committee of the 
Regions evaluating the results and, where necessary, making appropriate proposals. 
At the end of the programme, the Commission will submit a report to Parliament, the 
Council and the Committee of the Regions on the application and results of the 
programme. 
53 
10. Administrative expenditure (part A of the Budget) 
Will the proposed operation involve an increase in the number of Commission staff? 
No 
54 
ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(94) 356 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 16 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-94-371-EN-C 
ISBN 92-77-72186-3 
Offîce for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg 
55