2.5.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities No.C130/1
II
(Preparatory Acts)
COMMISSION
ProposalforaCouncilDirectiveontheincineration ofhazardous waste
(92/C130/01)
COM(92)9final—SYN406
(Submitted bytheCommission on23March1992)
THECOUNCIL OFTHEEUROPEAN
COMMUNITIES ,
HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishing theEuropean
Economic Community ,andinparticular Article100a
thereof,
HavingregardtotheproposaloftheCommission ,
Incooperation withtheEuropeanParliament ,
HavingregardtotheopinionoftheEconomic and
SocialCommittee ,
Whereasthe1973(»),1977(2),1983(3)and1987(4)
European Community ActionProgrammes onthe
Environment stresstheimportance oftheprevention
andreductionofairpollution ;
Whereasintheirresolution concerning theactionpro­
grammeontheenvironment 1987to1992,theCouncil
andtheRepresentatives oftheGovernments ofthe
MemberStatesmeetingwithintheCouncil,emphasize
theimportance forCommunity actiontoconcentrate ,
interalia,onimplementation ofappropriate standards
inordertoensureahighlevelofpublichealthand
environmental protection ;
WhereastheCouncilresolution of7May1990on
wastepolicy(5)invitestheCommission tocompleteits
proposals onincinerators forindustrialwaste,asamat­
terofurgency ;Whereastheincineration ofhazardous waste,duetoits
characteristics andconstituents ,givesrisetoemissions
particularly dangerous fortheenvironmental mediaof
air,soil,surfaceandgroundwater ,therebyendangering
publichealth;whereasinsomecasesthispollution
mayhavetransboundary features ;
Whereasthereforepreventive actionisrequiredtopro­
tecttheenvironment againstparticularly dangerous
emissions fromtheincineration ofhazardous waste
andtoguarantee citizenstherighttoacleanandheal­
thyenvironment ;
Whereas thedifferences betweentechnical standards
andcontrolandoperatingprocedures relatingtoinstal­
lationsfortheincineration ofhazardous wastehavean
influence onincineration activity,inparticular asa
resultofthecostsarisingfromthenatureofthetech­
nicalstandardsimposedandthelevelofenvironmental
protection thusensured ;
Whereasthecurrentdifferences innationalprovisions
applicable totheincineration ofhazardous waste,and
insomecasestheabsenceofsuchprovisions ,maydis­
tortcompetition ,affectthefreemovement ofgoodsin
thesinglemarket,andgiverisetodifferences inthe
protection ofhealthandtheenvironment ;
Whereasitisnecessary ,forthesmoothfunctioning of
theinternalmarket,toharmonize thenationalprovi­
sionsrelatingtotheincineration ofhazardous wastein
suchawayastoensureahighlevelofprotection of
healthandtheenvironment inallMembers States;
Whereas Article4ofCouncilDirective 84/360/EECof
28June1984onthecombating ofairpollution from<)OJNoC112,20.12.1973,p.1.
2)OJNoC139,13.6.1977,p.1.
J)OJNoC46,17.2.1983,p.1.
*)OJNoC328,7.2.1987,p.1.
5)OJNoC122,18.5.1990,p.2.

No.C130/2 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 21.5.92
industrial plants(')providesthatpriorauthorization
shallberequiredfortheoperationofindustrialplants,
particularly thosebelonging tolistedcategoriesamong
whicharewasteincineration plants;whereasthis
authorization maybeissuedonlywhenallappropriate
preventive measuresagainstairpollutionhavebeen
taken,includingtheapplication ofthebestavailable
technology notentailingexcessivecosts;byusingprogressive techniques andtomakeallefforts
tomeetthefixedguidevalues;
Whereastheenvironment requiresanintegrated protec­
tionagainstemissions resultingfromtheincineration
ofhazardous wastes;whereas ,therefore ,wastewater
resultingfromthecleaningofexhaustgasesofnew
plantsshallnotbedischarged ,inordertopreventa
pollution shiftfromoneenvironmental mediumto
another ;
Whereas theincineration ofhazardous wasteasaddi­
tionalfuelinplantsnotsolelydestinedforthispurpose
maynotcausehighermassconcentrations ofpolluting
substances inthatpartoftheexhaustgasvolume
resultingfromsuchincineration andshouldtherefore
besubjecttoappropriate limitations ;
WhereastheCommission andeachMemberStateshall
collaborate inordertoensurethatinformation onthe
progressonemissioncontroltechniques andtheresults
ofthemeasurements ofthepollutants releasedintothe
environment willbemadeavailable ;
Whereasacommittee shouldbesetuptoassistthe
Commission inimplementing thisDirectiveandadapt­
ingittoscientificandtechnicalprogress ,WhereasCouncilDirective 75/442/EECof15July
1975onwaste(2),asamended byDirective 91/156/
EEC(3),providesthatwastemustbedisposedofwith­
outendangering humanhealthandwithoutharming
theenvironment ;whereas,tothisend,thesameDirec­
tivestipulates thatanyinstallation orundertaking
treatingwastemustobtainapermitfromthecompetent
authorityrelating,interalia,totheprecautions tobe
taken;
Whereas ahighlevelofenvironmental protection
requiresthesettingandmaintaining ofappropriate
operating conditions andemissionlimitvaluesfor
hazardous wasteincineration plantswithintheCom­
munity ;whereasherebyandinthefirstplacethecom­
petentauthorities havetotakeintoaccountthelatest
development ofeffectiveemissioncontroltechniques
whenissuingorreviewingthepermit;
Whereashighstandardmeasurement techniques are
requiredtomonitorthemassconcentrations ofthepol­
lutantspermitted tobereleasedintotheenvironment
andtocomparetheresultsofthemeasurements within
theCommunity takingintoaccountmaximum confi­
denceintervals ;HASADOPTED THISDIRECTIVE :
ArticleI
1.TheaimofthisDirective istoprovideformeasures
andprocedures topreventoratleasttominimize the
effectsontheenvironment ,inparticular thepollution
ofair,soil,surfaceandgroundwater ,andtheresulting
riskstohumanhealth,fromtheincineration ofhazar­
douswasteand,tothisend,tosetupandmaintain
appropriate operating conditions andemissionlimit
valuesforhazardous wasteincineration plantswithin
theCommunity .
2.ThisDirectiveapplieswithoutprejudice toother
Community legislation relatingtohazardous wasteand
theprotection ofthehealthandsafetyoftheworkersat
theincineration plant,inparticular CouncilDirectives
80/1107/EEC(6)and89/391/EEC(7).Whereasthenormaloperation aswellastechnically
unavoidable stoppages ,disturbances orfailuresofthe
purification deviceshavetoberegulated ;whereas,the
provisions topreventandminimizetherisksandcon­
sequences ofmajoraccidents assetbyCouncilDirec­
tive82/501/EECof24June1982onthemajor-acci­
denthazardsofcertainindustrial activities (4),aslast
amendedbyDirective90/656/EEC(5),applytoinci­
nerationplantsforhazardous waste;
Whereas ,fortheemissions ofdioxinsandfurans,a
guidevalueonlyshouldbesetduetothelackofexist­
ingappropriate measurement methods ;whereas,
nonetheless ,itisdecisivetominimize suchemissionsArticle2
ForthepurposeofthisDirective :
1.'hazardous waste'shallmeananysolidorliquid
wasteaslaiddownbyArticle 1ofCouncilDirec­
tive91/689/EEC(8).
')OJNoL188.16.7.1984,p.20.
2)OJNoL194,25.7.1975,p.47.
J)OJNoL78,26.3.1991,p.32.
4)OJNoL230.5.8.1982,p.1.
*)OJNoL353,17.12.1990,p.59.(o)OJNoL327 ,3.12.1980,p.8.oOJNoL183,29.6.1989,p.1.
(s)OJNoL377,31.12.1991,p.20.

21.5.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities No.C130/3
4.'existingincineration plant'shallmeanaplantfor
whichthefirstpermittooperateisgrantedbefore
thedatespecifiedinArticle19(1);
5.'emission limitvalue'shallmeantheconcentration
and/ormassofpollutingsubstances whichisnot
tobeexceeded inemissions fromplantsduringa
specifiedperiod;
6.'operator'shallmeananynaturalorlegalperson
whooperatestheincineration plant,orwhohasor
hasbeendelegated decisiveeconomic powerover
it.Thefollowing wastesshallbeexcludedfromthe
scopeofthisDirective :
—municipal wastesasdefinedinArticle 1(3)of
CouncilDirective 89/369/EEC(')andArticle
1(3)ofCouncilDirective89/429/EEC(2),
—combustible liquidwastesincludingwasteoils
asdefinedinCouncilDirective 75/439/EEC
(3)if
—themasscontentofpolychlorinated aro­
matichydrocarbons ,e.g.polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB)orpentachlorinated
phenol(PCP),amountstonotmorethan
10ppm,
—thenetcalorificvalueamounts toatleast
30MJperkilogram ,and
—thesewastesarenotrendered hazardous
duetootherconstituents .
—anycombustible liquidwasteswhichcannot
cause,inthefluegasdirectlyresultingfrom
theircombustion ,otheremissions thanthose
fromgasoilasdefinedinArticle 1(1)of
CouncilDirective 75/716/EEC(4)orahigher
concentration ofemissionsthanthoseresulting
fromthecombustion ofgasoilassodefined ;
2.'incineration plant'shallmeananytechnical
equipment usedfortheincineration byoxidation
ofhazardous wastesincludingpretreatment aswell
aspyrolysisorotherthermaltreatment processes ,
e.g.plasmaprocess,insofarastheirproductsare
subsequently incinerated withorwithoutrecovery
ofthecombustion heatgenerated .Thisincludes
plantsburningsuchwastesasaregularoraddi­
tionalfuelforanyindustrialprocess ;Article3
MemberStatesshallensurethat:
1.permitsforinstallations ,establishments orunder­
takingswhichoperateincineration plantsmustbe
obtainedfromthecompetent authorities ,pursuant
toArticles9,10and11ofDirective 75/442/EEC
andArticle3ofCouncilDirective 84/360/EEC;
2.thepermitshallbegivenonlyiftheapplication
showsthattheincineration plantisdesigned ,
equippedandwillbeoperatedinsuchamanner
thatallappropriate preventive measures against
environmental pollution ,inparticular measuresto
preventorminimize emissions ,havebeentaken.
Asaminimum ,thosemeasures providedforby
Articles 5to13mustbemet;
3.thepermitgivenbythecompetent authorities must
explicitly listthecategories and/orthegeneric
typesofthosehazardous wasteswhichmaybe
treatedintheincineration plantaswellasthetotal
capacityoftheincinerator ;
4.inthecaseofaplantnotintendedprimarily to
incinerate hazardous wastes,andwheresucha
plantisbeingfedwithhazardous wastestheresult­
ingheatreleasefromwhichisbetween 10and40%
inclusiveofthetotalheatreleasedintheplantat
eachmomentoftheoperation ,thefollowing Arti­
clesonlyoftheDirectiveshallapply:
—Articles 1to6,
—Article7points2and6,
—Article8including itsmeasuring provisions ,
—Article10,
—Articles13,14and15;
5.thepermitforadditional incineration asdescribed
inparagraph 4shallbeissuedonlyifitisdemon­
stratedintheapplication :Thisdefinition coversthesiteandtheentireinstal­
lationcomprising thewastereception ,storage,pre­
treatment facilities ,theincinerator ,itswastes,fuel
andair-supply systems,exhaustgasandwaste
watertreatment facilities ,anddevicesandsystems
forcontrolling incineration operations andcontin­
uouslyrecordingandmonitoring incineration con­
ditions ;
3.'newincineration plant'shallmeanaplantfor
whichthepermittooperateisgrantedasfromthe
datespecifiedinArticle19(1);
(')OJNoL163,14.6.1989,p.32.0OJNoL203,15.7.1989,p.50.
(3)OJNoL194,25.7.1975,p.31.
(4)OJNoL307,27.11.1975,p.22.

No.C130/4 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 21.5.92
—thephysicalandchemicalcomposition ofthe
wasteandallinformation necessary toeval­
uateitssuitability fortheintendedincineration
process ,
—thehazardcharacteristics ofthewaste,the
substances withwhichitcannotbemixed,pre­
cautionstobetakeninhandlingthewaste;—thatthehazardous wasteburnersshallbeposi­
tionedandthewasteaddedinsuchawayasto
achievecompleteincineration ,and
—withcalculations aslaiddowninAnnexIIthat
theprovisions ofArticle8shallbemet.
Thepermitforadditional incineration shallexpli­
citlylistthecategoriesand/orthegenerictypesof
thosehazardous wasteswhichmaybeincinerated
additionally intheplant.Itshall,moreover ,specify
theminimum andmaximum massflowsofthose
hazardous wastes,theirlowestandmaximum cal­
orificvaluesandtheirmaximum contentsofpollu­
tants,e.g.PCB,PCP,chlorine ,fluorine,sulphur,
heavymetals .
Thepermitshallexpiresixmonthsafterstarting
suchincineration ,ifacomparison oftheresultsof
measurements carriedoutunderthemost
unfavourable conditions showthattheprovisions
ofArticle8arenotmet.Forthisperiodofsix
monthsthecompetent authority maygrant
excemptions fromthepercentage requirement sti­
pulatedinpoint4.3.priortoaccepting thewasteattheincineration
plant,atleastthefollowing reception procedures
havetoberespected :
—themassofthewastehastobedetermined ,
—thecheckingofthosedocuments requiredby
Directive 91/689/EECand,wheretheyapply,
thoserequiredbyCouncilDirective 84/631/
EEC(')anddangerous goodstransportregula­
tions,
—representative sampleshavetobetakenwhere
appropriate andasfaraspossiblebefore
unloading ,toverifytheconformity withthe
description providedunderpoint2bycarrying
outcontrolslikethoseindicated inAnnexTNI
andtoenablethecompetent authorities to
identifythenatureofthewastestreated .These
sampleshavetobekeptforatleast10days
aftertheincineration .
Article6Article4
MemberStatesshalltakemeasures inorderthat:
1.theapplications forapermitandthedecisionsof
thecompetent authorities aremadeavailabletothe
publicinaccordance withprocedures providedfor
inCommunity andnationallaw;
2.theresultsofthemonitoring providedforinArticle
12aremadeavailable tothepublicinaform
decideduponbythecompetent authorities andin
accordance withprocedures providedforinCom­
munityandnationallaw.Member Statesshalltakemeasures inorderthatthe
equipment usedfortheintermediate storageandthe
pretreatment ofhazardous wastesnecessarypriortothe
incineration shallbedesignedandoperatedsoasto
avoidorminimize emissions ofdust,volatilesubstan­
cesandodours(2).
Article7
MemberStatesshallensurethat:Article5
MemberStatesshallensurethat:
1.theoperatoroftheincineration planttakesall
necessary measuresconcerning thedeliveryand
receptioninordertopreventorminimizeasfaras
possibletheeffectstotheenvironment ,inparti­
cularthepollutionofair,soil,surfaceandground­
water,andtheriskstohumanhealth.Thesemeas­
ureshavetocoveratleasttherequirements setout
inpoints2and3;
2.priortoacceptingthewasteattheincineration
plant,theoperatorshallreceiveadescription ofthe
wastecovering :1.incineration plantsforhazardous wastesshallbe
designed,equippedandoperatedtopreventorat
leastminimize theeffectstotheenvironment in
particular thepollutionofair,soilandwater,and
theriskstohumanhealth.Tothisend,themost
(')OJNoL326 ,13.12.1984,p.31.
(:)Information onequipment andoperational practiceis
providedbyTNII.

21.5.92 No.C130/5 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
appropriate technological means(')andrequire­
mentsshallbeappliedtofulfiltheprescriptions
laiddowninthesubsequent points;
2.plantsfortheincineration ofhazardous wastes
shallbeoperatedinordertoachieveacomplete
incineration .Thismayrequiretheuseofappro­
priatetechniques ofwastepretreatment ;
3.allwasteincineration plantsshallbeequippedwith
auxiliaryburners .Theseburnersmustbeswitched
onautomatically whenthetemperature ofthecom­
bustiongases,afterthelastinjectionofcombustion
air,fallsbelowtherelevanttemperature statedin
points4and5.Theyshallalsobeusedduringplant
start-upandshut-down operations inorderto
ensurethattheabovementioned minimum temper­
atureismaintained atalltimesduringtheseopera­
tionsandaslongasthewasteisinthecombustion
chamber .Duringstart-upandshut-down orwhen
thetemperature ofthecombustion gasfallsbelow
thetemperatures statedinpoints4and5,theauxil­
iaryburnersmustnotbefedwithfuelswhichcan
causehigheremmissions thanthoseresultingfrom
theburningofgasoilasdefinedinArticle 1(1)of
Directive 75/716/EEC,liquefied gasornatural
gas.Whenthefurnaceisfueledwithliquidhazardous
wasteonlyorwithamixtureofgaseoussubstances
andpowdered solidsfromathermalpretreatment
ofhazardous wasteunderoxygendeficiency ,and
whenthegaseouspartprovidesformorethan50%
oftheentireheatreleased,theoxygencontentafter
thelastinjectionofcombustion airshallamountto
atleast3%;
5.requirements differentfromthoselaiddownin
point4andspecified inthepermitforcertain
hazardous wastesmaybeauthorized bythecompe­
tentauthorities ifappropriate techniques areused
intheincineration furnacesorexhaustgastreat­
mentequipment .Thisauthorization shallbecondi­
tionaluponatleasttheemissionlimitvaluesgiven
inpoint1ofArticle8beingmetandthelevelsof
dioxinsandfuransemittedbeinglowerorequiva­
lenttothoseobtainedwiththerequirements laid
downinpoint4ofthisArticle .
Alloperating conditions determined underthe
provisions ofthisparagraph andtheresultsofveri­
ficationsmadeshallbecommunicated totheCom­
mission ;
6.duringtheoperationoftheincineration plantthe
following limitvaluesofcarbonmonoxide (CO)
concentrations shallnotbeexceeded inthecom­
bustiongases:
(a)50milligrams/m3ofcombustion gasdeter­
minedasdailyaveragevalue;
(b)150milligrams/m3ofcombustion gasofat
least95%ofallmeasurements determined as
10-minute averagevaluestakeninany24-hour
period;
7.thedepositofflyashshallbeminimized beforethe
dustarrestment plant,e.g.byappropriate ducting
forexhaustgasaswellasbyfrequentcleaningof
boilers,heatingsurfaces,economizers andexhaust
gasducts;
8.allincineration plantsshallbedesigned ,equipped
andoperatedinsuchawayastopreventemissions
intotheairgivingrisetosignificant ground-level
airpollution ;inparticular ,exhaustgasesshallbe
discharged inacontrolled fashionbymeansofa
stack.
Thestackheightiscalculated insuchawayasto
safeguardhumanhealthandtheenvironment .Itismandatory tohaveanautomatic systemto
preventhazardous wastefeed:
—atstart-up,untiltherequiredminimum incin­
erationtemperature hasbeenreached ,
—whenever therequiredminimum incineration
temperature isnotmaintained ,
—whenever thecontinuous measurements
requiredbyArticle12(1)(a)showthatany
emission limitvalueisexceeded dueto
disturbances orfailuresofthepurification
devices ;
4.allincineration plantsshallbedesigned ,equipped
andoperatedinsuchawaythatthegasresulting
fromthecombustion ofthehazardous waste,is
raised,afterthelastinjectionofcombustion air,in
acontrolled andhomogeneous fashionandeven
underthemostunfavourable conditions ,toatem­
peratureofatleast850°C,asmeasured atthe
innerwallofthecombustion chamber ,foratleast
twosecondsinthepresenceofatleast6%oxygen ;
ifhalogenated organicsubstances areincinerated ,
thetemperature hastoberaisedtoatleast1200°C.Article8
MemberStatesshallensurethat:
1.incineration plantshavetobedesigned ,equipped
andoperatedinsuchawaythatatleastthefollow­(')Currently available technology isindicated brieflyin
AnnexTNIII.

21.5.92 No.C130/6 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
ingemissionlimitvaluesarenotexceededinthe
exhaustgas:
(a)dailyaveragevalues
1.totaldust 5mg/m311.Nickelanditscompounds ,
expressed asnickel(Ni),
12.Vanadium anditscom­
pounds,expressed asvana­
dium(V)
13.Tinanditscompounds ,
expressed astin(Sn).2,gaseous andvapourous
organicsubstances ,expres­
Theseaveragevaluescoveralsogaseousandthe
vapourformsoftherelevantheavymetalemissions
aswellastheircompounds ;sedastotalorganiccarbon 5mg/m3
3.hydrogenchloride(HC1) 5mg/m3
4.hydrogenfluoride(HF) 1mg/m3
5.sulphurdioxide(S02) 25mg/m3;
(b)half-hourly averagevalues
1.totaldust 10mg/m32.theemission ofdioxinsandfuransshallbemini­
mizedbythemostprogressive techniques .Tothis
endeveryeffortmustbemadetoensurethatall
averagevaluesmeasured overthesampleperiodof
aminimum ofsixhoursandamaximum of
16hoursdonotexceedaguidevalueof0,1ng/m3.2,gaseous andvapourous
organicsubstances ,expres­
Thisguidevalueisdefinedasthesumofthecon­
centrations oftheindividual dioxinsandfurans
evaluated inaccordance withAnnex 1;sedastotalorganiccarbon 10mg/m3
3.hydrogenchloride(HC1)10mg/m3
4.hydrogenfluoride(HF) 2mg/m3
5.sulphurdioxide(S02) 50mg/m3;
(c)allaveragevaluesoverthesampleperiodofa
minimumofhalfandamaximumoffourhours3.theresultsofthemeasurements madetoverify
compliance withthelimitandguidevaluessetout
inArticles 7and8shallbestandardized underthe
conditions laiddowninpoint2ofArticle12;
total
0,05mg/m34.wherehazardous wastesareadditionally inciner­
atedinplantswhicharenotsolelydestinedforthe
incineration ofsuchwastes,theprovisions ofpoint
6ofArticle7andpoints 1,2and3ofthisArticle
shallonlyapplytothatpartofthevolumeof
exhaustgasresultingfromtheincineration ofthe
wastes .
0,05mg/m3
Appropriate emissionlimitandguidevaluesfor
therelevantpollutants emittedintheexhaustgas
ofsuchplantsassetoutinAnnexIIshallbelaid
down.1.Cadmium anditscom­
pounds,expressed ascad­
mium(Cd)
2.Thallium anditscom­
pounds ,expressed asthal­
lium(Tl)
3.Mercuryanditscompounds ,
expressed asmercury(Hg)
4.Antimony anditscom­
pounds,expressed asanti­
mony(Sb)
5.Arsenicanditscompounds ,
expressed asarsenic(As)
6.Leadanditscompounds ,
expressed aslead(Pb)
7.Chromium anditscom­
pounds,expressed aschrom­
ium(Cr)
8.Cobaltanditscompounds ,
expressed ascobalt(Co)
9.Copperanditscompounds ,
expressed ascopper(Cu)
10.Manganese anditscom­
pounds,expressed asman­
ganese(Mn)Article9
MemberStatesshallensurethat:
total
0,5mg/m3.anywastewaterdischarged fromanincineration
plantmustbesubjecttoalicenceissuedbythe
competent authority .Thislicenceshallstatethatit
isonlyvalidundertheconditionthatthewatersare
treated,asnecessary ,inordertominimize the
effectsontheenvironment andtopreventrisksto
humanhealthandthatthelimitvaluesimposed
thereinarerespected ;

21.5.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities No.C130/7
2.insofarasthewastewatercontainsdangerous
substances coveredbyCouncilDirective 76/464/
EEC(')anditsdaughterDirectives (2),anylicence
whichisissuedandtherelevantlimitvaluesmust
befixedaccording totheseDirectives ;
3.discharge totheaquaticenvironment ofwaste
watersresultingfromthecleaningofexhaustgases
shallbeprohibited fornewplants;
4.incineration plantsitesincluding associated stor­
ageareasforhazardous wastesshallbedesigned
andoperated insuchaway,astopreventthe
releaseofanypollutingsubstances intosoiland
groundwater following theprovisions ofCouncil
Directive 80/68/EEC(3).Moreover ,storagecapac­
ityshallbeprovidedforrainwaterrun-offfromthe
incineration plantsiteorforcontaminated water
arisingfromspillagesorfire-fighting operations .
Thisstoragecapacityshallbeadequate toensure
thatsuchwaterscanbetestedandtreatedbefore
discharge wherenecessary .Article11
MemberStatesshallensurethat:
1.measurement equipment shallbeinstalledand
techniques shallbeusedinordertomonitorin
accordance withArticle12theparameters ,condi­
tionsandmassconcentrations ofthepollutants
relevanttotheincineration process .Theyshallbe
subjecttothepermitissuedbythecompetent auth­
orities.(Formonitoring information ,seeAnnex
TNIV);
2.thepermitshallonlybeissuedifthemeasurement
techniques complywithAnnexIII.Thevaluesof
the95%confidence intervalattheemission limit
valuesinpoint6(a)ofArticle7andArticle8,
point 1(b),Nos(1),(2),(3)and(5),shallnot
exceedthevaluesgivenbypoint4ofAnnexIII.
Thecompetent authorities shallgiveapprovalof
theappropriate installation andthefunctioning of
theautomated monitoring equipment andshall
requireanannualsurveillance testwithrespectto
thisequipment ;
3.thesamplingandmeasurement procedures usedto
satisfytheobligations imposedforperiodical
measurements ofeachairpollutantandtheloca­
tionofthesamplingormeasurement pointsshall
besubjecttothepermitissuedbythecompetent
authority .
Therequirements forperiodical measurements
shallbefixedbythecompetent authorityaccording
toAnnexIII.Article10
Member Statesshallensurethat:
1.wastesresultingfromtheoperationoftheincinera­
tionplantshallberecovered ordisposedofin
accordance withDirectives 75/442/EECand91/
689/EEC.Thismayrequireapretreatment ofsuch
wastesaccording tothetechnicaldevelopment .
Suchwastesshouldbekeptseparatefromeach
otherand,inordertofurtherfacilitatetheirrecov­
eryordisposal,theappropriate technologies
shouldbeapplied ;
2.transportandintermediate storageofdryresidues
e.g.filterandboilerdustanddryresiduesfromthe
treatment ofexhaustgasesshalltakeplacein
closedcontainers ;Article12
1.MemberStatesshallensurethatthefollowing
measurements shallbecarriedoutincompliance with
AnnexIIIattheincineration plant:
(a)continuous measurements ofthesubstances men­
tionedinpoint6ofArticle7andArticle8,points 1
(a)and(b);
(b)continuous measurements ofthefollowingprocess
operation parameters :
—temperature asmentioned inArticle7,points4
and5,
—concentration ofoxygen,pressure,temperature
andwatervapourcontentoftheexhaustgas;
(c)periodical ,i.e.monthlymeasurements ofthesub­
stancesmentioned inArticle8,points 1(c)and2;
(d)theresidencetime,theminimumtemperature andthe
oxygencontentoftheexhaustgasesasspecifiedin
Article7,points4and5shallbesubjecttoappro­3.theheatrecovered fromtheincineration processes
shouldbeusedasfaraspossibleon-site,bythird
partiesorforpowergeneration .
(')OJNoL129,18.5.1976,p.23.0OJNoL81,27.3.1982,p.29.
OJNoL291,24.10.1983,p.1.
OJNoL74,17.3.1984,p.49.
OJNoL274,17.10.1984,p.11.
OJNoL181,4.7.1986,p.16.
OJNoL158,25.6.1988,p.35.
OJNoL219,14.8.1990,p.49.
(3)OJNoL20,26.1.1980,p.43.

21.5.92 No.C130/8 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
priateverification ,atleastoncewhentheincinera­
tionplantisfirstbroughtintoserviceandunderthe
mostunfavourable operatingconditions envisagea­
ble.appropriate fashioninordertoenablethecompetent
authorities toverifycompliance withthepermitted
operatingconditions andemissionlimitandguideval­
ueslaiddowninthisDirectiveinaccordance withpro­
cedurestobedecideduponbythoseauthorities .
4.Theemissionlimitvaluesarecompliedwithif97%
ofthehalf-hourly averagevaluesovertheyearandall
ofthedailyaveragevaluesofArticle7,point6(a)and
Article8,point1(a)and(b)andallaveragevaluesover
thesampleperiodofArticle8,point 1(c)donot
exceedtheemissionlimitvaluesandiftheprovisionof
Article7,point6(b)(10minutesaverage)ismet.
Thehalf-hourly averagevaluesandthe10-minute aver­
agesshallbedetermined withintheeffectiveoperating
time(includingthestart-upandshut-offperiodswhen
hazardous wasteisbeingincinerated )fromthemeas­
uredvaluesafterhavingsubtracted thevalueofthe
confidence intervalgivenbypoint4ofAnnexIII.The
dailyaveragevaluesaredetermined fromthosevali­
datedaveragevalues.
Theaveragevaluesoverthesampleperiodand,inthe
caseofperiodical measurements ofHF,theaverage
valuesforHFaredetermined asgivenbytherequire­
mentsimposedunderpoint3ofArticle 11.
5.Fortheperiodicmeasurements ,thecompetent
authorities shalllaydownappropriate measurement
programmes toensurethattheresultsarerepresentative
forthelevelofemissions ofthesubstances concerned
resultingfromtheincineration ofthecategories and/or
thegenerictypesofwastespermittedtotheplant.
Theresultsobtainedmustbesuitableforverifyingthat
thelimitvalueshavebeenobserved .Thecontinuous measurement ofHFmaybeomittedif
treatmentstagesforHC1areusedwhichmake'surethat
theemissionlimitvalueunderArticle8,points 1(a)(3)
and1(b)(3)isnotbeingexceeded .Inthiscasethe
emissions ofHFaresubjecttoperiodical measure­
mentsaslaiddowninpoint(c)above.
Thecontinuous measurement ofthewatervapourcon­
tentshallnotbenecessaryprovidedthattheexhaust
gasisdriedbeforetheemissionsareanalysed .
Measurements ofthepollutants listedinpoint 1of
Article8maynotbenecessary ,providedthattheper­
mitallowstheincineration ofonlythosehazardous
wasteswhichcannotcauseaveragevaluesofthosepol­
lutantshigherthan10%oftheemissionlimitvaluesset
outinpoint1.
Thecompetent authorities shallrequirecontinuous
measurements ofthesubstances mentioned inArticle8,
points 1(c)and2,beingcarriedoutincompliance with
AnnexIIIassoonasappropriate measurement tech­
niquesareavailablewithintheCommunity .
2.Theresultsofthemeasurements madetoverify
compliance withthelimitandguidevaluessetoutin
Articles 7and8shallbestandardized underthefollow­
ingconditions :
—temperature 273K,pressure101,3kPa,11%oxy­
gen,drygas,
—temperature 273K,pressure101,3kPa,3%oxygen,
drygas,incaseofincineration ofwasteoilonlyas
definedinDirective 75/439/EEC.
Whenthehazardous wastesareburntmapureoxygen
atmosphere ,theresultsofthemeasurements canbe
standardized atanoxygencontentlaiddownbythe
competent authorityreflecting thespecialcircum­
stancesoftheindividual case.Inacasecoveredby
point4ofArticle3,theresultsofthemeasurements
shallbestandardized atatotaloxygencontentascal­
culatedinAnnexII.Article13
Member Statesshalltakemeasures inordertoensure
that:
1.Shouldthevalidmeasurements takenshowthatthe
limitvalueslaiddowninthisDirective havebeen
exceeded ,thecompetent authorities shallbe
informed assoonaspossible .Theplantconcerned
shallnotcontinuetooperatewhilefailingtocom­
plywithemissionstandards .
Inthecaseofpoint4ofArticle3,additional feed­
ingofhazardous wastesshallbestoppedwhenthe
limitvaluesareexceeded duetodisturbances or
failuresofthepurification devices .
2.Thecompetent authorities shalllaydownthemaxi­
mumpermissible periodofanytechnically una­
voidablestoppages ordisturbances ,orfailuresof
thepurification devices,duringwhichtheconcen­Whentheemissions ofpollutants arereducedby
exhaustgastreatment ,thestandardization withrespect
totheoxygencontentsforeseenaboveshallbedone
onlyifthemeasured oxygencontentoverthesame
periodexceedstherelevantstandardoxygencontent .
3.Member Statesshallensurethatallmeasurement
resultsshallberecorded ,processedandpresented inan

21.5.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities No.C130/9
trationsinthedischarges intotheairoftheregu­
latedsubstances mayexceedthelimitvalueslaid
down.Undernocircumstances shalltheplantcon­
tinuetoincinerate hazardous wasteforatime
periodofmorethantwohoursuninterrupted ;
moreover ,thecumulative durationofoperation in
suchconditions overoneyearshallbelessthan24
hours.
Incaseofabreakdown ,theoperatorshallreduce
orclosedownoperations assoonaspracticable
untilnormaloperations canberestored .Inplants
fallingwithinArticle3,point4,additional feeding
ofhazardous wastesshallbestopped .Foreachnewincineration plantorsubstantial modifi­
cation,whichisnewlyauthorized :
—thedateofauthorization ,
—themostimportant measures and/ortechniques
incorporated fortheminimization ofemissions ,
—theimposedoperatingconditions ,
—themaximum emissionlimitsimposed .
Theinformation shallalsoincludeforeachneworsub­
stantiallymodifiedincineration plant:
—thedateatwhichitwasputintooperation ,
—theresultofthecontinuously measured emissions ,
inaccordance withArticle12,foranunbroken
periodof12monthswithinthefirsttwoyearsafter
thenotifieddateofthefirstoperation ,
—theresultsoftheperiodically measured emissions ,
inaccordance withArticle12,carriedoutinthe
firsttwoyearsafterthenotifieddateofthefirst
operation .
3.TheCommission ,assistedbythecommittee asdes­
cribedinArticle17,shallannuallysubmittotheMem­
berStatesasummaryreport,basedontheinformation
describedinparagraph 2,inordertoinformonthepro­
gressinemissioncontroltechniques alreadyimple­
mentedandanyfurthermajortechnicaldevelopments
inthisfield.Thetotaldustcontentofthedischarges shallunder
nocircumstances exceed150mg/m3expressed as
half-hourly average ;moreover ,theemissionlimit
valuelaiddowninArticle8,points 1(a)(2)and
1(b)(2)mustnotbeexceeded .Allothercondi­
tions,inparticularthecombustion conditions men­
tionedinthisDirective ,shallbecompliedwith.
Article14
1.Theprovisions ofthisDirective shallapplyto
existingincineration plantswithinthreeyearsafterthe
datespecifiedbyArticle19(1).
MemberStatesshallensurethatthesummaryreports
aredisseminated totheircompetent authorities .2.However ,theplantoperatormaynotifythecompe­
tentauthoritywithinsixmonthsafterthedatespecified
byArticle19(1)thattheexistingplantwillnotbeoper­
atedformorethan20000hourswithinaperiodoffive
yearsatmaximum startingwiththeoperators'notifica­
tionbeforebeingdefinitelyshutdown.Inthiscasethe
provisions ofparagraph 1donotapply. Article16
Themodifications requiredtoadapttheDirectiveto
technicalprogresswillbeadoptedinaccordance with
theprocedure laiddowninArticle17.Article15
1.MemberStatesshallrequiretheircompetent author­
itiestoreviewthepermitforeachincineration plantfor
hazardous wastesatleasteveryfiveyearsandtoensure
thattheplantsareupdated,wherenecessary ,consistent
withtheprogressinemissioncontroltechniques .Article17
Fornewplants,thedateforthefirstreviewshallbe
withinfiveyearsofthefirstoperationoftheplantat
thelatest.Forexistingplantsthedateofthefirstreview
shallbewithinfiveyearsofthedatespecifiedinArticle
14(1).TheCommission shallbeassistedbyacommittee com­
posedoftherepresentatives oftheMemberStatesand
chairedbytherepresentative oftheCommission .
Therepresentative oftheCommission shallsubmitto
thecommittee adraftofthemeasures tobetaken.The
committee shalldeliveritsopiniononthedraftwithin
atimelimitwhichthechairmanmaylaydownaccord­
ingtotheurgencyofthematter.Theopinionshallbe
deliveredbythemajoritylaiddowninArticle148(2)of
theTreatyinthecaseofdecisionswhichtheCouncilis2.MemberStatesshallprovideannuallythefollow­
inginformation totheCommission .

No.C130/10 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 21.5.92
downinArticle5ofDirective 91/692/EEC(')•The
firstreportcoverstheperiod1995to1997.requiredtoadoptonaproposalfromtheCommission .
Thevotesoftherepresentatives oftheMemberStates
withinthecommittee shallbeweightedinthemanner
setoutinthatArticle .Thechairman shallnotvote.
TheCommission shalladoptthemeasuresenvisaged if
theyareinaccordance withtheopinionofthecom­
mittee .
Ifthemeasuresenvisaged arenotinaccordance with
theopinionofthecommittee ,orifnoopinionis
delivered ,theCommission shall,withoutdelay,submit
totheCouncilaproposalrelatingtothemeasurestobe
taken.TheCouncilshallactbyaqualifiedmajority .
If,ontheexpiryofaperiodofthreemonths,theCoun­
cilhasnotacted,theproposed measures shallbe
adoptedbytheCommission .Article19
1.MemberStatesshallbringintoforcethelaws,regu­
lationsandadministrative provisions necessarytocom­
plywiththisDirectivenotlaterthat30June1994.They
shallforthwith informtheCommission thereof .
WhenMemberStatesadopttheseprovisions ,these
shallcontainareference tothisDirective orshallbe
accompanied bysuchreferenceatthetimeoftheiroffi­
cialpublication .Theprocedure forsuchreferenceshall
beadoptedbyMemberStates.
2.Member Statesshallcommunicate totheCommis­
sionthetextsoftheprovisions ofnationallawwhich
theyadoptinthefieldcoveredbythisDirective .
Article18
1.Thereportsontheimplementation ofthisDirective
shallbeestablished according totheprocedure laidArticle20
ThisDirective isaddressed totheMemberStates.
(')OJNoL377,31.12.1991,p.48.

21.5.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities No.C130/11
ANNEXI
EQUIVALENCE FACTORS FORDIOXINS ANDDIBENZOFURANS
Forthedetermination ofthesummedvalueasstatedinArticle8point2themassconcentrations ofthe
followingdioxinsanddibenzofurans havetobemultiplied withthefollowingequivalence factorsbefore
summingup(usingtheconceptoftoxicequivalents ).
Toxicequivalence
factor
2,3,7,8 -Tetrachlordibenzodioxin (TCDD) 1
1,2,3,7,8 -Pentachlordibenzodioxin (PeCDD) 0,5
1,2,3,4,7,8 -Hexachlordibenzodioxin (HxCDD) 0,1
1,2,3,7,8,9 -Hexachlordibenzodioxin (HxCdd) 0,1
1,2,3,6 ,7,8 -Hexachlordibenzodioxin (HxCDD) 0,1
1,2,3,4 ,6,7,8 -Heptachlordibenzodioxin (HpCDD) 0,01
-Octachlordibenzodioxin (OCDD) 0,001
2,3,7,8 -Tetrachlordibenzofuran (TCDF) 0,1
2,3,4,7,8 -Pentachlordibenzofuran (PeCDF) 0,5
1,2,3,7,8 -Pentachlordibenzofuran (PeCDF) 0,05
1,2,3,4,7,8 -Hexachlordibenzofuran (HxCDF) 0,1
1,2,3,7 ,8,9 -Hexachlordibenzofuran (HxCDF) 0,1
2,3,4,6,7,8 -Hexachlordibenzofuran (HxCDF) 0,1
1,2,3,4,6 ,7,8 -Heptachlordibenzofuran (HpCDF) 0,01
1,2,3,4,7,8,9 -Heptachlordibenzofuran (HpCDF) 0,01
-Octachlordibenzofuran (OCDF) 0,001

No.C130/12 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 21.5.92
ANNEX 11
DETERMINATION OFEMISSION LIMITANDGUIDEVALUES FORTHEADDITIONAL
INCINERATION OFHAZARDOUS WASTE
Thelimitorguidevalueforeachrelevantpollutantandcarbonmonoxide intheexhaustgasresulting
fromtheadditional incineration ofhazardous wastemustbecalculated asfollows :
^wastexCwaste+VfuelxCfuel
=C^waste+Vfuel
VWaste=exhaustgasvolumeresultingfromtheincineration ofhazardous wasteonlydetermined
fromthewastewiththelowestcalorificvaluespecifiedinthepermitandstandardized at
theconditions givenbyArticle12,point2.
Cwaste=emissionlimitvaluessetforplantsdestinedtoincineratehazardous wastesonly(atleast
theemissionlimitvaluesandguidevalueforthepollutants andcarbonmonoxide aslaid
downinArticle8,points 1and2,andArticle7,point6).
Vfuel=exhaustgasvolumeresultingfromthecombustion oftheauthorized fuelsnormallyusedin
theplant(hazardous wastesexcluded)determined onthebasisofoxygencontentsatwhich
theemissions mustbestandardized aslaiddowninCommunity ornationalregulations .In
theabsenceofregulations forthiskindofplants,therealoxygencontentintheexhaustgas
withoutbeingthinnedbyadditionofairunnecessary forthecombustion processmustbe
used.Thestandardization attheotherconditions isgivenbyArticle12,point2.
Cfuel=rea^massconcentrations oftherelvantpollutantsandcarbonmonoxide inthefluegasof
plantswhichcomplywiththenationallaws,regulations andadministrative provisions for
suchplantswhileburningthenormallyauthorized fuels(hazardous wastesexcluded).
C=totalemissionlimitvalueorguidevalueforCOandtherelevantpollutants replacingthe
emissionlimitvaluesandtheguidevalueaslaiddowninArticle7,point6andinArticle8,
points 1and2.Thetotaloxygencontenttoreplacetheoxygencontentforthestandardiza­
tioninArticles7and8iscalculated onthebasisofthecontentaboverespecting thevol­
umeratio.
Pollutants andCOnotresultingdirectlyfromtheincineration ofhazardous wastesorfrom
thecombustion offuels(e.g.frommaterialsnecessaryfortheproduction orfromproducts)
aswellasCOresultingfromsuchincineration directlyif:
—thehigherCOconcentrations inthecombustion gasarerequiredbytheproduction
process,and
—Cwaste(asdefinedabove)fortotalorganiccarbon,dioxinsandfuransismet
shouldnotbetakenintoaccount .
Inanycase,giventheauthorized hazardous wasteswhichcanbeadditionally incinerated ,thetotal
emissionlimitvalue(C)mustbecalculated underconditions whichwouldminimizetheemissions into
theenvironment .Suchconditions maybematerialized foreachrelevantpollutant inthecaseofaddi­
tionalincineration ofhazardous wastesinplantsnotsolelydestinedfortheincineration ofthewastes:
^waste Cfuel •'pollutionofthesurroundings willbelessasaresultoftheadditional incinera­
tionofhazardous wastes
Cwaste=Cfuel'indifferent
Cwaste>Cfuei:thesurroundings wouldsufferfromtheadditionalincineration ofhazardouswastes

21.5.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities No.C130/13
ANNEXIII
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
1.Measurements forthedetermination ofconcentrations ofairpollutants ingas-carrying ductshave
tobecarriedoutrepresentatively .
2.Samplingandanalysisofallpollutants includingdioxinsandfuransaswellasreferencemeasure­
mentmethodstocalibrateautomated measurement systemsshallbecarriedoutasgivenbyCEN
standards .Whileawaitingtheelaboration oftheCENstandards ,nationalstandards shallapply.
3.Theprocedure tomonitordioxinsandfuranscanonlybeauthorized ifthedetectionlimitforthe
samplingandanalysisoftheindividual dioxinsandfuransissufficiently lowtoallowthedetermi­
nationofameaningful resultintermsoftoxicityequivalents .
4.Thevaluesofthe95%confidence intervalsdetermined attheemission limitvaluesshallnotexceed
thefollowingpercentages oftheemissionlimitvalues:
Carbonmonoxide (Article7,point6a): 10%
Sulphurdioxide(Article8,pointlb(5)): 10%
Totaldust(Article8,pointlb(1)): 20%
Totalorganiccarbon(Article8,pointlb(2)): 30%
Hydrogen chloride(Article8,pointlb(3)): 30%.

No.C130/14 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 2.5.92
ANNEX TNI
forinformation
WasteDeliveryandReception
Beforethewastematerialcanbeallowedintotheplant,ithastopasstheentranceandcontrolarea.
Hereithastoundergothefollowingcontrolandsupervising activities :besidesweighingandadminis­
trativecontrolalsoalaboratory control .
Thelaboratory controlconsistsofinspecting thewastematerialtogetavisualimpression ,thesampling
ofthematerial,characterization ofthematerialbygeneralqualitative orsemi-quantitative screening
tests.Duetothelackoftime,acomprehensive analysisisoftennotpossible .Thefollowingparameters
needtobetested :
—nonflammability ,
—chlorineandsulphurcontent,
—pH-value ,
—contentofheavymetals(e.g.byteststrips,atomicabsorption spectrometry oratomicemissionspec­
trometrywithinductively coupledplasma).
Analternative controlsystemconsistsofacomprehensive analysisofthewastematerialbeforeactual
deliveryattheplant.Whenthewasteisdelivered ,itisonlycheckedforconformity withtheoriginal
sampleandonspecificrelevantparameters .Ingeneral,itdependsonthenatureandthechemicaland
physicalcharacteristics ofthewaste,e.g.ifitisliquidorsolidastowhichparameters havetobetested
andbywhichanalyticalmethods .Therefore itisimpossible todefinealistofteststhatcanbeappliedto
eachtypeofwaste.
Normally furtherchecksarecarriedoutonthesamplelateron,e.g.calorificvalue,watercontent,
concentration ofPCBorothertoxicand/orthermoresistant contaminants .
Attheendofthelaboratory tests,theidentityofthewasteisknownandthematerialcanbedirectedto
theproperdischargestationwithintheplant.

21.5.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities No.C130/15
ANNEX TNII
forinformation
Beforefinallydischarging thewasteeitherintoabunkerorintooneofthetanks,ithastobeconfirmed
thatnoreactionsbetweenbunkerortankcontentsandthenewlydeliveredmaterialmayoccur.Such
reactions ,e.g.polymerization ,mayleadtouncontrolled temperature increases ,ultimately causingafire
orevenanexplosion .Therefore ,thebehaviourofthewastehastobecheckedbeforeunloading bysome
kindofsmallscaletest.
Thedischargeareasareanintegralpartofthestoragefacilities .Thisplantsectionisnormallydesigned
insuchamannerthatemissionscausedbythehandlingofhazardous wastematerials ,especially con­
tamination ofsoilsandgroundwater byspillsandleakagesanddiffuseemissions intotheairare
avoided .Therefore ,wherenecessary ,theareaswherethewasteishandledneedtobeisolatedbymate­
rialsthatareamongotherthingsresistanttochlorinated hydrocarbons ;allstationswherevolatilesub­
stancesareunloaded ,discharged ortakeninhavetobeequippedwithsuctionunits.
Apartfromtheabovementioned generalcriteriaforthetechnicalequipment ,thefollowingtypesofstor­
agesfacilitiesforcombustible ,toxicwastecanbedistinguished :
—storageofsolidwaste(bunker),
—storageofslurrymaterial (tanksorspeciallyequippedbunkercompartments ),
—storageofliquidwasteoil,solvents,toxicwastewater(tanks),
—storageofwastedrumsandothercontainers (drumstoragearea).
Wheresolidwasteisstoredotherthaninclosedcontainers ,itmaybekeptunderlessthanatmospheric
pressurebyexhausting airoutofthebunkerorthesluicearea.Theexhaustgasmaybeusedeitheras
combustion airtotheincinerator or,iftheincinerator isoutoforder,itmustbetreatedundertheprovi­
sionsoftheauthorization ordischarged bythestack.
Bydischarging liquidorwetmaterialintoatank,agasvolume(volumesaturatedwithvolatileorganic
matter)equivalent tothedischarged wasteisdisplaced .Thisgasstreamhastobehandledinsucha
mannerthatitcausesneitherodournorpollution .Stateoftheartistodischargethedisplacedgasvol­
umewithinaclosedsystem,e.g.tubeswiththenecessary safetyequipment eitherintothecombustion
chamberorinthecaseofplantshutdowntoanactivatedcarbonfilterornitrogencooledcondensing
plant.
Duetothehighlyvariablecharacteristics ofwastesasfarastheirlevelofcontamination withpollutants
isconcerned ,watercontent,calorificvalueetc.,greatattentionisnecessarytoequalizeandhomogenize
thewastefractionsbeforefeedingthemtothekiln.Tothisend,thesolidwastemaybemixedandthe
differentliquidmaterialsshouldbemixedtoafuelthatfinallydifferslittleinitsphysicalandchemical
characteristics .

No.C130/16 21.5.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
ANNEX TNIII
forinformation
1.Combustion
Generalconsiderations
Thereisnosingle'best'technology forachievingcombustion .Whilstcertainbasicrequirements
willalwaysapply,selectionofthemostsuitabletypeofcombustion chamberandoftheoperat­
ingconditions requiredinanyparticularcasewilldependuponthechemicalandphysicalnature
ofthewaste.
1.1Combustion conditions
Effectivecombustion willalwaysdependuponatleastfourkeyparameters :
—temperature ,
—residence time,
—oxygenavailability ,
—turbulence .
2.Combustion gastreatment
2.1Gasconditioning —someaspects
Careshouldbetakenwhengascoolingisusedthatrecombination ofdioxinsandfuranswhich
mayoccurundersomecircumstances afterthecombustion processisnotenhanced .
Reformation ofPCDDsandPCDFsisnowoftenconsidered asoccurringmainlyintherangeof
temperature between400and200°C.
Whenheatrecoveryisused,gascanstillbequenched toachieveatemperature lowerthan200°C
veryrapidly.
Inaddition ,quenching hasanimportant removalefficiency forHC1andoutletgas,whenitis
watersaturated ,andinproperconditioning forwetscrubbing .
2.2Dustseparation
Provenseparation processessuchasthoseusingelectrostatic precipitators ,filterseparators and
wetcollectorsofvarioustypesareavailableforseparating dustfromfluegasesinspecialwaste
incinerators .Inertialseparators ,e.g.cyclones ,areincapableofmeetingcurrentrequirements ,at
leastwheninstalled asfinalcollectors inaseries.
Therequirements withregardtothedustcontentofthescrubbedgasobtainedbymeansofdust
collectorsfitteddownstream ofspecialwasteincineration plantswilldependlargelyonwherethe
collectors areplacedwithinthefluegastreatmentunits.Inthecaseofprimaryseparators ,the
requirements willmainlydependonwhatdemandsareplacedonthedownstream fluegastreat­
mentinstallations .Ontheotherhand,inthecaseoffinalseparators ,existinglawsmustbecom­
pliedwith.
Inadditiontothewidelyuseddryelectrostatic filters,wetfiltersofboththehorizontal platetype
andtheverticaltubetypeareparticularly recommended forhumidfluegasesas,inadditionto
thedust,aerosolsanddropletscaneffectively beseparatedoutatalowpressureloss.
Wetelectrostatic filtersaresuitablefortheremovalofresidualdustandtheseparation ofaero­
solsdownstream ofthenoxiousgastreatment stage.

21.5.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities No.C130/17
Themaintypeoffiltercollectoristhebagfilterwhichcanbesubdivided intothereverseairflow
bagfilterandthepulsejetbagfilter,depending onthefiltercleaningmethodused.
Inreverseairflowfiltersthedustisdeposited ontheinsideofthebagwhichismadeoflight
textilesorfelts.Theflowofcontaminated gaskeepsthebagsinflated .
Inawetcollectordustparticlesaredeposited ondropletsofliquidwhichisfinelydispersed in
thecontaminated gas.Aspecialfeatureofwetcollectors isthatthedegreeofseparation depends
verylargelyonparticlesize.Largeparticlesaremuchmoreefficientlyeliminated thanfineones.
2.3Acidgasremovalanddemister
Depending onthewasteburned,thecontaminated fluegasesarisinginspecialwasteincineration
plantsmaycontainnoxiousgasessuchasHC1,HFandSOxinthefollowing concentrations
(actualconditions ):
HC1:
HF:1000-15000mg/m3
10-500mg/m3
100-1000mg/m3. SOx(intheformofS02:
thefluegasesmayalsocontainconsiderable amountsofvaporized mercury .Thefollowingpro­
cessesareavailableforeliminating thesenoxioussubstances adequately :
—wetscrubbing ,
—sprayabsorption .
Wetgas-cleaning
Astheresiduesarere-usedseparately ,thereisanincreasing tendencynottoseparatethedust
andgaseouspollutants simultaneously ,althoughthispossibility doesexist.Thedusttendstobe
removed ,e.g.bymeansofadryelectrofilter ,beforethepollutanttreatmentstage.
Forpureseparation ofgaseouspollutants ,thescrubberscanthenbeoperatedwithamuchlower
energyinput.
Inviewofthedifferentphysico-chemical propertiesofHC1andHFontheonehandandS02on
theother,ithasprovedadvantageous towashthewastegasintwostages.Thefirststageinthe
washingprocessistoseparateoutHC1,HFandheavymetalvapours(e.g.mercury)withavery
lowpHvalue(0-3).Inthesecondstage,S02isseparatedoutusingdilutecausticsoda(pH=6-8).
Sprayabsorption methods
Withthesemethodstheabsorbent isinjectedasasolution(e.g.NaOH)orasasuspension (e.g.
limemilk)intoareactorwhereitreactswiththeacidicHC1,HFandS02gases.Asaresultof
heatexchangewiththewastegas,theabsorbentdropletsaredriedastheypassthroughthereac­
tor,withtheresultthattheacidicpollutantcomponents aretransported inadryparticulate state.
Apartfromjets,rotatingdiskspraysarethepreferredsprayingdevicesused.Afilteringseparator
isgenerallyinstalledafterthereactorinordertocollecttheparticulate reactionproductsleaving
thereactor .
3.Availabletechnologies
Forthetimebeing,especially thefollowingmeasuresareknownforanincineration ascomplete
aspossibleandminimization ofemissionsofairpollutants :
—adequatepre-treatment (e.g.mechanical ,thermal),

No.C130/18 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 21.5.92
incineration includingafter-burning withadditional useofoxygentolowertheemissionsof
carbonmonoxide andorganicsubstances andtoimprovetheburnoutespecially inconnec­
tionwiththeinputofdrums,
quenchorsprayabsorber ,
dryelectrostatic precipitator orbaghousefilterfordustremoval ,
wetscrubber ,
flue-gascooling,
wetelectrostatic precipitator ,
activatedcarbonfilter/activatedcarbonindriftingstreamprocesses ,
SCR-reactor .

21.5.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities No.C130/19
ANNEX TNIV
forinformation
Monitoring ofemissions
1.Introduction
Toensureproperplantoperation ,itisessentialthatkeycombustion andgascleaningparameters
aremonitored andrecorded .
Emissions fromhazardous wasteincineration plantscanbemonitored andanalysedcontin­
uouslybytheplant'sowninstruments ,supplemented byregularcheckmeasurements .Other
emissions likesolidresidualsrequiresupplementary laboratory tests.
2.Plantinstruments
2.1Parameters
Theplantinstruments areusedforongoingplantcontrolandtheautomatic controloftheinci­
nerationprocess,includingfluegascleaning .Thefollowingaretypicalcontrolparameters :
—fluegastemperatures :
—inthekilnroom,
—inthesecondary combustion chamber ,
—intheboiler,and
—before/afterthefilter.
—theconcentration of:
—oxygen(0:),
—carbonmonoxide (CO),
—hydrogenchloride(HC1),
—suspended matter/dustinthefluegas.
Otherinstrumentation isusedformonitoring theplant'scombustion efficiency andemissions .
Thefollowingaretypicalmonitoring parameters :
—nitricoxides(NOx),
—sulphurdioxide(S02),
—suspended particles/dust,
—totalorganiccarbon(TOC).
2.2Monitoring ofemissions
Intheliteraturetherearemanyaccountsofmonitorsforemissionmeasurements ,butthelistsare
incomplete becauseoftherapiddevelopments inthearea.
Thebibliography referstotheGermanUmweltbundesamt :Bericht 1/1986(Umweltbundesamt
1986).Thebasicprinciples areinsituandextractive measurements .
3.Checkmeasurement
Checkmeasurements canbesubdivided intothreetypes:
—randomsamplemeasurements ,
—calibration measurements ,
—performance measurements .

21.5.92 No.C130/20 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
3.1Periodicsamplemeasurements
Tochecktheplant'sparticulate matteremissionsandemissionsofheavymetalsandacidgases
inparticular ,itisrecommended toregularlymeasureemissionsofthefollowing :
—particulate matter,
—mercuryandcadmium ,
—arsenic,nickelandlead,
—chromium ,copperandvanadium ,
—hydrogenchloride,hydrogenfluorideandhydrogenbromide,
—sulphurdioxideandsulphurtrioxide,
—totalorganiccarbon,
—polychlorinated biphenylsandpolychlorinated triphenyls ,
—halogensandhydrogensulphide ,
—dioxinsanddibenzofurans ,
—phosphorus compounds ,
—odourous substances .
Samplingofdustparticlesandmetalscontained thereinshouldbecarriedoutisokinetically as
described inISO/DIS9096.
Isokinetic samplingmeansthatthevelocityofsuctioninthesamplingequipment 'snozzleis
equaltothefluegasvelocityintheductorstackfromwhichthepartialgasstreamissuckedout.
3.2Calibration measurements
Validation ofplantperformance includingcalibration oftheplant'sinstruments canbecarried
outinconjunction withtherandomsamplemeasurements .Therehasprovedtobeaneedforthis
sinceemissionmonitorsarecomplicated systemswhichbecomeunreliable afterlengthyperiods
withoutexpertinspection .
3.3Plantperformance measurements
Afterentryintoserviceofanewfurnacelineand/ornewfluegascleaningequipment ,thereisa
needforperformance testing,sothatplant-specific characteristics aredemonstrated .Thetestpro­
grammeisamatterforagreement bothintermsofcontentandfrequency .Amongthetypical
parameters are:
—Emission ofTOC,
—Hydrogen chloride(HC1),
—Hydrogen fluoride (HF),
—Oxidesofsulphur(SO:,S03),
—Emission ofPCDDsandPCDFs ,
—Oxidesofnitrogen (NOx),
—Mercury (Hg).