LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AT || Austria || LV || Latvia

BE || Belgium || m || million

BG || Bulgaria || NO || Norway

CH || Switzerland || n.a. || not available

CS || Czechoslovakia || NL || Netherlands

CZ || Czech Republic || p || passengers

DE || Germany || p.a. || per annum

DK || Denmark || pkm || passenger-kilometres

EE || Estonia || PL || Poland

EL || Greece || PSO || Public Service Obligations

ES || Spain || PT || Portugal

EU || European Union || q || quarter

FI || Finland || RMMS || Rail Market Monitoring Scheme

FR || France || RO || Romania

GB || Great Britain || RU || Railway undertaking

HR || Croatia || SE || Sweden

HU || Hungary || SI || Slovenia

IE || Ireland || SK || Slovakia

IM || Infrastructure manager || t || tonnes

IT || Italy || tkm || tonne-kilometres

LT || Lithuania || Train-km || Train-kilometres

LU || Luxembourg || UK || United Kingdom

LIST OF ANNEXES

General remark: data for Croatia, which became a EU Member State on 1st July 2013, is not yet included (but is provided in Eurobarometer and Eurostat data series)

Annex 1: EU legislation applicable to the railway sector

Annex 2: Frequency and purpose of passengers' journeys by rail

Annex 3: Modal split for freight and passenger transport since 1995

Annex 4: Evolution of rail transport by Member State, year (1990-2012), as reported by Member States, broken down by domestic, international and public services.

Annex 5: Market segments

Annex 6: Stations, freight terminals, marshalling yards and other service facilities (2012)

Annex 7: Satisfaction with railway stations (2013)

Annex 8: Infrastructure charges (2011-2012)

Annex 9: Capacity allocation

Annex 10: Investments in rail infrastructure

Annex 11: Rail fares in commercial lines

Annex 12: Satisfaction with rail services

Annex 13: Satisfaction with accessibility

Annex 14: Punctuality

Annex 15: Public service obligations: market size and compensation

Annex 16: Licenses

Annex 17: Employment

Annex 18: Rail infrastructure in the EU: variation, management and electrification

Annex 19: Market shares of railway undertakings (2011-2012)

Annex 20: RMMS questionnaire 2012 data

ANNEX 1

EU legislation applicable to the railway sector

To date, the European Union has exercised its competence inter alia through the following Union instruments:

ECONOMIC / MARKET ACCESS LEGISLATION

- Regulation No 11 concerning the abolition of discrimination in transport rates and conditions, in implementation of Article 79 (3) of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (OJ 52, 16.8.1960, p.1121);

- Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 establishing a single European railway area (recast)

- Regulation (EC) No 1371/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on rail passengers' rights and obligations (OJ L 315, 3.12.2007, p. 14);

- Regulation (EU) No 913/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 concerning a European rail network for competitive freight (OJ L 276, 20.10.2010, p. 22);

PUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGATIONS

- Regulation (EC) No 1370/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on public passenger transport services by rail and by road (OJ L 315, 3.12.2007, p. 1).

INTEROPERABILITY AND SAFETY LEGISLATION

- Directive 2004/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on safety on the Community's railways and amending Council Directive 95/18/EC on the licensing of railway undertakings and Directive 2001/14/EC on the allocation of railway infrastructure capacity and the levying of charges for the use of railway infrastructure and safety certification (OJ L 164, 30.4.2004, p. 44, corrected version in OJ L 220, 21.6.2004, p. 16);

- Regulation (EC) No 881/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 establishing a European Railway Agency (Agency Regulation) (OJ L 164, 30.4.2004, p. 1, corrected version in OJ L 220, 21.6.2004, p. 3);

- Directive 2007/59/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the certification of train drivers operating locomotives and trains on the railway system in the Community (OJ L 315, 3.12.2007, p. 51);

- Directive 2008/57/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community (Recast) (OJ L 191, 18.7.2008, p. 1);

- Directive 2008/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 September 2008 on the inland transport of dangerous goods (OJ L 260, 30.9.2008, p. 13);

- Directive 2008/110/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 amending Directive 2004/49/EC on safety on the Community's railways (Railway Safety Directive) (OJ L 345, 23.12.2008, p. 62);

- Regulation (EC) No 1335/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 amending Regulation (EC) No 881/2004 establishing a European Railway Agency (Agency Regulation) (OJ L 354, 31.12.2008, p. 51);

Commission Directive 2011/18/EU of 1 March 2011 amending Annexes II, V and VI to Directive 2008/57/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community

Commission Directive 2013/9/EU of 11 March 2013 amending Annex III to Directive 2008/57/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community

WORKING TIME

Council Directive 2005/47/EC of 18 July 2005 on the Agreement between the Community of European Railways (CER) and the European Transport Workers’ Federation (ETF) on certain aspects of the working conditions of mobile workers engaged in interoperable cross-border services in the railway sector

ANNEX 2

FREQUENCY AND PURPOSE OF RAILWAY JOURNEYS

The data hereunder has been extracted from the Flash Eurobarometer Survey 382a on "European satisfaction with Rail Services" (http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl_382a_en.pdf) carried out by TNS Political & Social network in 26 Member States of the European Union between 9 and 11 September 2013. Cyprus and Malta were not included in this survey as there are no national, regional or suburban trains in those countries. 26,034 respondents aged 15 years old or more from different social and demographic groups were interviewed via telephone (landline and mobile phone) in their mother tongue on behalf of the Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport. The methodology used is that of Eurobarometer surveys as carried out by the Directorate-General for Communication (“Strategy, Corporate Communication Actions and Eurobarometer” Unit)1 of the European Commission. A technical note on the manner in which interviews were conducted by the Institutes within the TNS Political & Social network is appended as an annex to the report. Also included are the interview methods and confidence intervals.

2a. Frequency of use of national, international and regional trains

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

2b. Frequency of use of national, international and regional trains

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

2c - Purpose of train journeys

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

ANNEX 3

Modal split for freight and passenger transport since 1995

3a. EU-27 modal split for freight transport (in %, based on tkm, 1995-2011)

|| Road || Rail || Inland Waterways || Pipelines || Sea || Air

1995 || 42,1 || 12,6 || 4,0 || 3,8 || 37,5 || 0,1

1996 || 42,1 || 12,7 || 3,9 || 3,9 || 37,5 || 0,1

1997 || 42,2 || 12,8 || 4,0 || 3,7 || 37,3 || 0,1

1998 || 42,9 || 11,9 || 4,0 || 3,8 || 37,4 || 0,1

1999 || 43,5 || 11,4 || 3,8 || 3,7 || 37,6 || 0,1

2000 || 43,4 || 11,5 || 3,8 || 3,6 || 37,5 || 0,1

2001 || 43,9 || 10,9 || 3,7 || 3,8 || 37,6 || 0,1

2002 || 44,5 || 10,6 || 3,7 || 3,6 || 37,6 || 0,1

2003 || 44,5 || 10,7 || 3,4 || 3,6 || 37,7 || 0,1

2004 || 45,2 || 10,8 || 3,5 || 3,4 || 37,0 || 0,1

2005 || 45,5 || 10,5 || 3,5 || 3,4 || 37,0 || 0,1

2006 || 45,4 || 10,8 || 3,4 || 3,3 || 37,0 || 0,1

2007 || 45,9 || 10,9 || 3,5 || 3,1 || 36,7 || 0,1

2008 || 46,0 || 10,8 || 3,6 || 3,0 || 36,6 || 0,1

2009 || 46,5 || 10,0 || 3,6 || 3,3 || 36,8 || 0,1

2010 || 45,8 || 10,2 || 3,8 || 3,1 || 36,9 || 0,1

2011 || 45,3 || 11,0 || 3,7 || 3,1 || 36,8 || 0,1

3b. EU-27 modal split for passenger transport (in %, based on pkm, 1995-2011)

|| Passenger cars || P2W || Bus&Coach || Railway || Tram&Metro || Air || Sea

1995 || 73,3 || 2,3 || 9,3 || 6,5 || 1,3 || 6,5 || 0,8

1996 || 73,3 || 2,3 || 9,2 || 6,4 || 1,3 || 6,7 || 0,8

1997 || 73,3 || 2,3 || 9,1 || 6,3 || 1,3 || 7,0 || 0,8

1998 || 73,4 || 2,3 || 9,0 || 6,1 || 1,3 || 7,2 || 0,8

1999 || 73,5 || 2,3 || 8,8 || 6,1 || 1,3 || 7,3 || 0,7

2000 || 73,5 || 1,8 || 8,7 || 6,2 || 1,3 || 7,7 || 0,7

2001 || 73,9 || 1,9 || 8,6 || 6,2 || 1,3 || 7,5 || 0,7

2002 || 74,5 || 1,9 || 8,4 || 6,0 || 1,3 || 7,3 || 0,7

2003 || 74,5 || 1,9 || 8,4 || 5,8 || 1,3 || 7,5 || 0,7

2004 || 74,2 || 1,9 || 8,3 || 5,8 || 1,3 || 7,8 || 0,6

2005 || 73,4 || 2,0 || 8,3 || 6,0 || 1,3 || 8,4 || 0,6

2006 || 73,3 || 1,9 || 8,1 || 6,1 || 1,3 || 8,6 || 0,6

2007 || 73,1 || 1,8 || 8,2 || 6,1 || 1,3 || 8,8 || 0,6

2008 || 73,1 || 1,9 || 8,2 || 6,3 || 1,4 || 8,6 || 0,6

2009 || 74,2 || 1,9 || 7,9 || 6,1 || 1,4 || 8,0 || 0,6

2010 || 74,1 || 1,8 || 7,8 || 6,2 || 1,4 || 8,0 || 0,6

2011 || 73,4 || 1,9 || 7,8 || 6,2 || 1,4 || 8,8 || 0,6

Notes for tables 3a and 3b:

P2w: Powered 2-wheelers

Road: national and international haulage by vehicles registered in the EU-27

Source: EU Transport in Figures, Statistical Pocketbook 2013, tables 2.2.2 and 2.3.2.

3c. Share of rail in inland freight transport market in EU-27 (in %, based on tkm)

|| 1995 || 2000 || 2001 || 2002 || 2003 || 2004 || 2005 || 2006 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011

EU-27 || 20,2 || 18,5 || 17,5 || 17,1 || 17,3 || 17,2 || 16,6 || 17,0 || 17,0 || 17,0 || 15,7 || 16,2 || 17,4

Source: EU Transport in Figures, Statistical Pocketbook 2013, table 2.2.3

ANNEX 4

Evolution of rail transport by Member State, year and market segment (1990-2010), as provided by Member States

Note 1: International transport includes transit

Note 2: This annex provides the data on passenger-km and tonnes-km provided by Member States in RMMS questionnaires. The official source for these indicators remains Eurostat data as provided under Regulation 91/2003.

RMMS data for UK do not cover Northern Ireland.

Note 3: for Spain, for the period 1990-2005, the data include also traffic of regional rail companies and the source used is not RMMS questionnaire.

AT

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 33189 || 3005 || 3893 || 4494 || 5045 || 5933 || 5300 || 5800 || 5773 || n.a.

International (m tkm) || 8823 || 10155 || 12709 || 14463 || 15591 || 11326 || 12400 || 14000 || 16370 || n.a.

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || || || || 6895 || 7262 || 7403 || n.a. || n.a. || 9222 || n.a.

International (m pkm) || || || || 1749 || 1841 || 1877 || n.a. || n.a. || 1651 || n.a.

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || || || || || 6305 || 6428 || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a.

BE

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 2631 || 2232 || 2030 || 2353 || 2330 || 2220 || 1675 || 1779 || 7525 || 6775

International (m tkm) || 5723 || 5055 || 5644 || 5777 || 5818 || 5662 || 3764 || 3950

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 5592 || 5785 || 6317 || 7771 || 8547 || 8913 || 9005 || 9231 || 9489 || 9520

International (m pkm) || 948 || 972 || 1415 || 1379 || 1386 || 1491 || 1488 || 1379 || 1359 || 1337

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || || || || || 8442 || 8902 || 8992 || 9225 || 9885 || n.a.

BG

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 14132 || 8595 || 5538 || 5168 || 3893 || 3336 || 2228 || 2218 || 2507 || 2316

International (m tkm) || || || 1034 || 1281 || 1348 || 1358 || 919 || 964 || 1082 || 498

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 7793 || 4693 || 3472 || 2388 || 2238 || 2264 || 2089 || 2045 || 2057 || 1847

International (m pkm) || || || || 60 || 86 || n.a. || 55 || 55 || 34,4 || 22,5

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || || || || 334 || 2040 || 1972 || 1807 || 1740 || 1717 || 1575

CZ

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || n.a. || 10330 || 7399 || 6222 || 7267 || 6510 || 5485 || 5714 || 6239 || 5839

International (m tkm) || n.a. || 12293 || 10097 || 8644 || 9037 || 8927 || 7307 || n.a. || 10190 || 10802

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || n.a. || 7602 || 6681 || 6285 || 6536 || 6324 || 6133 || 6263 || 6408 || 7264

International (m pkm) || n.a. || 403 || 619 || 381 || 364 || 479 || 371 || 328 || 305 || 471

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || 6713 || 7140

DE

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || || 40100 || 36500 || 44400 || 53784 || 55928 || 48667 || 54529 || 58996 || 56326

International (m tkm) || || 30400 || 41000 || 51000 || 60826 || 59724 || 47167 || 52787 || 54322 || 43469

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 44600 || 70977 || 75404 || 74946 || 75516 || 76909 || 76583 || 78515 || 80697 || 88547

International (m pkm) || || || || || 3587 || 3856 || 4349 || 4538 || 4281 || 5316

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || 27400 || 36277 || 36226 || 33695 || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a.

DK

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || || || || 420 || 146 || 134 || 123 || 167 || 196 || 167

International (m tkm) || || || || 1556 || 1633 || 1814 || 1576 || 2075 || 2418 || 2111

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || || || || 5421 || 5915 || 5983 || 5999 || 6200 || 6445 || 6639

International (m pkm) || || || || 330 || 438 || 488 || 391 || 378 || 414 || 387

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || || || || || 6176 || 6275 || 6174 || 6347 || 6445 || 6365

EE

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 6976 || 760 || 800 || 737 || 858 || 775 || 584 || 724 || 760 || 654

International (m tkm) || || 3091 || 7386 || 9892 || 7567 || 5186 || 5349 || 5917 || 5499 || 4471

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 1510 || 421 || 261 || 248 || 246 || 245 || 232 || 229 || 227 || 218

International (m pkm) || || || || || || || 17 || 18 || 15 || 17

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || 1510 || 421 || 261 || 248 || 246 || 245 || 232 || 229 || 227 || 218

EL

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || || 159 || 116 || 149 || 193 || 205 || 128 || n.a. || 23 || 42

International (m tkm) || || 147 || 310 || 464 || 642 || 580 || 411 || n.a. || 318 || 240

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || || 1513 || 1608 || 1804 || 1852 || 1599 || 1296 || n.a. || 954 || 832

International (m pkm) || || 55 || 21 || 50 || 77 || 59 || 47 || n.a. || 3,5 || n.a.

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || || || || || 0 || 0 || n.a. || n.a. || n.a || 832

ES

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 9935 || 9037 || 10536 || 8918 || 8763 || 8225 || 5864 || 6370 || 7748 || 6438

International (m tkm) || 1271 || 1040 || 1085 || 2153 || 1784 || 1513 || 1109 || 1047 || 1300 || 1582

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 14992 || 14834 || 18035 || 19155 || 19348 || 21461 || 21184 || 20421 || 20930 || 20645

International (m pkm) || 484 || 479 || 536 || 653 || 618 || 611 || 516 || 557 || 468 || 449

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || 9538 || 8206 || 9596 || 8617 || 11500 || 11581 || 10912 || 10555 || 10936 || 10728

FI

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 5944 || 5936 || 6802 || 6607 || 7581 || 7588 || 6141 || 6915 || 6797 || 6804

International (m tkm) || 2413 || 3357 || 3305 || 3099 || 2852 || 3189 || 2731 || 2835 || 2598 || 2471

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 3254 || 3133 || 3345 || 3401 || 3675 || 3940 || 3785 || 3869 || 3767 || 3907

International (m pkm) || 77 || 51 || 60 || 76 || 103 || 112 || 91 || 90 || 115 || 128

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || || || || || 1350 || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || 1769

FR

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 31520 || 26330 || 29900 || 21640 || 25200 || 26200 || 23200 || 22500 || 25400 || 22100

International (m tkm) || 15010 || 14410 || 18490 || 13890 || 17500 || 14500 || 9600 || 7600 || 8800 || 10500

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 73900 || 64500 || 80700 || 69066 || 74473 || 78970 || n.a. || n.a. || 81000 || 80500

International (m pkm) || || || || || 7500 || 8000 || n.a. || n.a. || 10300 || 10700

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || 6100 || 6800 || 8500 || 10200 || 22500 || 24100 || 24300 || 24400 || n.a. || 34300

HU

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || || 2554 || 1984 || 1645 || 1289 || 1374 || 1269 || 1330 || 1169 || 1417

International (m tkm) || || 5868 || 6111 || 7445 || 8848 || 8499 || 6404 || 7460 || 7948 || 7674

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 11403 || 8441 || 9693 || 9880 || 8379 || 7923 || 7681 || 7316 || 7397 || 7357

International (m pkm) || 486 || 334 || 387 || 403 || 372 || 381 || 391 || 376 || 365 || 448

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || 11403 || 8441 || 9693 || 9880 || 8379 || 7923 || 7681 || 7316 || 7397 || 7357

IE

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 589 || 602 || 491 || 303 || 129 || 103 || 79 || 92 || 105 || 229

International (m tkm) || 56 || 43 || 22 || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || 0 || 0

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || || || || 1564 || 1902 || 1876 || 1604 || 1582 || 1542 || 1486

International (m pkm) || || || || 127 || 105 || 100 || 79 || 96 || 97 || 96

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || || || || || 2007 || 1976 || 1683 || 1678 || 1542 || 1486

IT

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 8,142 || 9,616 || 11,787 || 12,021 || 13,192 || 12,445 || 8,755 || 8,791 || 9,146 || 10,056

International (m tkm) || 11,258 || 12,073 || 11,027 || 10,740 || 12,093 || 11,387 || 9,036 || 9,826 || 10,641 || 10,188

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 44,709 || 43,859 || 44,308 || 43,889 || 44,707 || 44,708 || 43,297 || 42,486 || 44,915 || 45,018

International (m pkm) || 2,825 || 2,255 || 1,278 || 1,059 || 1,107 || 863 || 1,029 || 735

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || 19840 || 19605 || 19942 || 21,042 || 21,819 || 22180 || 22168 || 22711 || 19198 || 23,502

The PSO pkms refer only to regional traffic and general passenger transport data for the nineties refer to the sum of international and national pkms. From 2000s methodology changes and may result in data which are not fully comparable with data of the nineties.

LT

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || || 829 || 1144 || 3425 || 2959 || 3655 || 3090 || 3376 || 3641 || 3612

International (m tkm) || || 6391 || 7774 || 9033 || 11414 || 11093 || 8798 || 10055 || 14625 || 13519

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 1521 || 746 || 335 || 259 || 223 || 235 || 213 || 226 || 248 || 254

International (m pkm) || 2119 || 384 || 276 || 169 || 186 || 162 || 144 || n.a. || n.a. || n.a.

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || || || || || 223 || 235 || n.a. || n.a. || 248 || 254

LU

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 112 || 83 || 111 || 75 || 74 || 69 || 43 || 50 || 38 || 25

International (m tkm) || 597 || 483 || 572 || 345 || 219 || 445 || 550 || 689 || 847 || 792

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || || || || 254 || 233 || 246 || 239 || 246 || 245 || 270

International (m pkm) || || || || 18 || 84 || 99 || n.a. || 103 || 103 || 107

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || || || || 51 || 302 || 328 || 316 || 343 || n.a. || n.a.

LV

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || || 558 || 352 || 509 || 375 || 334 || 257 || 291 || 296 || 372

International (m tkm) || || 9199 || 12958 || 19270 || 17929 || 19243 || 18467 || 16887 || 21166 || 21406

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 3327 || 779 || 568 || 800 || 889 || 865 || 686 || 670 || 662 || 640

International (m pkm) || 2039 || 477 || 147 || 94 || 102 || 86 || 70 || 79 || 79 || 85

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || || || || 800 || 889 || 865 || 686 || 670 || 662 || 640

NL

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 1019 || 721 || 1033 || 1073 || 1195 || 1059 || 941 || 950 || 970 || 606

International (m tkm) || 2049 || 2295 || 3577 || 4841 || 6021 || 5925 || 4635 || 5435 || 5407 || 5550

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || n.a. || 13500 || 14700 || 14752 || 15634 || 15895 || 15927 || 16002 || 16582 || 16842

International (m pkm) || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || 231 || 254 || 275 || 920 || 966 || 897 || 929

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || n.a || n.a

PL

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 59604 || 43573 || 33230 || 25377 || 29948 || 29101 || 28563 || 27941 || 33773 || 28709

International (m tkm) || 23926 || 25543 || 21218 || 24287 || 23975 || 22469 || 15038 || 21014 || 20199 || 20330

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 49683 || 26346 || 23844 || 17109 || 18772 || 19628 || 18243 || 17918 || 17582 || 16927

International (m pkm) || 690 || 289 || 248 || 706 || 529 || 489 || 449 || 585 (***) || 657 || 939

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || 50373 || 26635 || 24092 || 14448 || 15895 || 16196 || 15316 || 13645 || 12743 || 14634

***= contains transit – hence modification vis-à-vis old RMMS table

PT

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || || || || 2131 || 2309 || 2342 || 1972 || 2095 || n.a. || 1843

International (m tkm) || || || || 291 || 278 || 208 || 183 || 389 || n.a. || 182

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || || || || 3753 || 3933 || 4085 || 4049 || 4008 || 4047 || n.a

International (m pkm) || || || || 57 || 55 || 120 || 103 || 103 || 95,3 || n.a

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || || || || || 2799 || 2833 || 2391 || 2365 || n.a || n.a

RO

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 34764 || 17907 || 10757 || 9341 || 12075 || 11821 || 9530 || 10345 || 12139 || 10896

International (m tkm) || 14147 || 6313 || 5673 || 3601 || 3682 || 3415 || 1557 || 2029 || 2579 || 2574

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 29417 || 19928 || 11384 || 7816 || 7329 || 6805 || 5995 || 5308 || 5016 || 4506

International (m pkm) || 1164 || 197 || 247 || 144 || 146 || 152 || 133 || 129 || 17 || 66

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || 29417 || 19928 || 11384 || 7816 || 7476 || 6958 || n.a. || n.a. || 4814 || 4325

SE

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 10445 || 10823 || 11999 || 14124 || 15681 || 15975 || 13176 || 14828 || 14449 || 13922

International (m tkm) || 8312 || 8098 || 7668 || 7550 || 7569 || 7141 || 7212 ** || 8634 ** || 8415 || 8121

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 5946 || 6271 || 7706 || 8338 || 9771 || 10462 || 10706 || 10674 || 10827 || 11121

International (m pkm) || 654 || 562 || 537 || 598 || 499 || 555 || 615 || 544 || 551 || 566

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || 2448 || 3098 || 3386 || 3992 || 4601 || 4763 || 5298 || n.a. || 5294 || 5438

SI

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 1683 || 512 || 571 || 620 || 671 || 303 || 247 || 263 || 1023 || 1169

International (m tkm) || 2525 || 2563 || 2285 || 2625 || 2932 || 3570 || 2957 || 3649 || 2807 || 2403

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 1166 || 491 || 593 || 666 || 690 || 713 || 718 || 680 || 641 || 741

International (m pkm) || 263 || 104 || 112 || 111 || 122 || 121 || n.a. || n.a. || 131 || 127

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || 1166 || 491 || 593 || 666 || 689 || 711 || 822 || 792 || 760 || 608* 728 **

*= domestic PSO

**=dom+int’l PSO

SK

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || || || || 1229 || 1089 || 940 || 700 || 762 || 712 || 689

International (m tkm) || || || || || || 11995 || 8239 || 9721 || 6577 || 6163

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || || || || || 1953 || 2077 || n.a. || 2102 || 2203 || 2197

International (m pkm) || || || 179 || 143 || 195 || 202 || n.a. || 187. || 209 || 215

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || || || 2741 || 2023 || 2148 || 2279 || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || 2010* 2226 **

*= domestic PSO

**=dom+int’l PSO

UK

|| || 1990 || 1995 || 2000 || 2005 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || 16000 || 13300 || 17910 || 20953 || 20904 || 20641 || 18742 || 18169 || 20520 || 21467

International (m tkm) || || || 990 || 474 || 361 || 436 || 429 || 408 || 460 || n.a.

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 32000 || 30000 || 39002 || 43157 || 48878 || 51348 || 51123 || 54112 || 56853 || 59153

International (m pkm) || || || || 1485 || 1595 || 1654 || 1641 || 1720 || 1811 || 1817

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || || || || 42977 || 48635 || 51017 || 50738 || 53622 || 56381 || 58640

NO

|| || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || 2012

Freight transport || National (m tkm) || || 2670 || 2804 || 2115 || 2508 || 2531

International (m tkm) || 1002 || 956 || 862 || 1047 || 1066 || 958

Passenger transport || National (m pkm) || 2895 || 3047 || 3011 || 3023 || 2939 || 3140

International (m pkm) || 61 || 67 || 69 || 72 || 74 || 62

Of which under PSO (m pkm) || 2156 || 2237 || 2204 || n.a. || 2218 || 2374

Source: RMMS questionnaires filled in by Member States

*For 2010, this figure doesn't take into account data from Eurostar

** From 2009 data for freight transport include transit within Norway

ANNEX 5

Market segments

5a. Market segments in 2012: high-speed, long distance, regional and suburban services (estimations as a percentage of passenger-kilometres)

Source: RMMS questionnaires and other sources, as detailed hereunder.

Notes:

Data on white background has been provided by Member States; data on grey background is unavailable and has been estimated through other sources:

- For high-speed services: data from Eurostat, Transport in Figures, anno 2013. To obtain the total pass-km on long-distance services, the pass-km from high-speed services were deducted from the total pass-km of UIC type B traffic, as reported in the RMMS questionnaire (cf. Sweden, Germany, Czech Republic, Finland, Portugal and Netherlands) and provided in 5b (assuming no changes in the percentage of pass-km between 2011 and 2012).

- For Belgium and Netherlands: estimation between "regional/suburban services" and "long-distance/high-speed" is based on Amadeus estimations of rail services below and beyond 100km

- For Estonia: the share of "regional/suburban services" is derived from the market share of Elektriraudtee

- For Spain: data from the annual report of RENFE (2012)

- For Portugal: data from the annual report of CP (2012)

- For Italy: data from the annual report of Trenitalia

- For Greece: data reuses the breakdowns used in the White Paper on Transport models.

5b - High-speed services passenger-km (2011)

Source: Transport in figures, 2013, Eurostat - quoting UIC data - UIC definition of high-speed may differ from the definition provided in the Interoperability Directive (Dir. 2008/57)

ANNEX 6

Stations, freight terminals, marshalling yards and other service facilities (2012)

Source: RMMS questionnaires and other sources, as detailed hereunder.

Notes:

Data on white background has been provided by Member States; data on grey background has been estimated through other sources:

- For Spain: Data from Observatorio del Ferrocarril, 2011

- For Norway: maintenance facilities compete in the market for contracts

ANNEX 7

Satisfaction with stations

The data hereunder has been extracted from the Flash Eurobarometer Survey 382a on "European satisfaction with Rail Services" (http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl_382a_en.pdf) carried out by TNS Political & Social network in 26 Member States of the European Union between 9 and 11 September 2013. Cyprus and Malta were not included in this survey as there are no national, regional or suburban trains in those countries. 26,034 respondents aged 15 years old or more from different social and demographic groups were interviewed via telephone (landline and mobile phone) in their mother tongue on behalf of the Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport. The methodology used is that of Eurobarometer surveys as carried out by the Directorate-General for Communication (“Strategy, Corporate Communication Actions and Eurobarometer” Unit)1 of the European Commission. A technical note on the manner in which interviews were conducted by the Institutes within the TNS Political & Social network is appended as an annex to the report. Also included are the interview methods and confidence intervals.

7a - Satisfaction with the provision of information on timetables

7b - Ease of buying tickets

7c - Satisfaction with easiness and accessibility of complaint-handling mechanisms

7d - Cleanliness and good maintenance of stations

ANNEX 8

Infrastructure charges and revenues of main infrastructure managers

8a - Average track access charges in 2013

Source: RMMS questionnaires 2011.

Notes:

Data on white background has been provided by Member States; data on grey background is unavailable or has not been requested to Member States.

- For Germany: the mentioned increase for freight refers to the track products with the highest increase and which is relevant for freight, which has been the F5 (long-distance rail services using regional lines in priority at speeds below 120kmph) track product. This is also the case for intercity passenger traffic where the relevant track product with the highest increase has been F1 and for regional services, F2.

- For Estonia: data reflects the average between Elektriraudtee and Esti Raudtee, as provided in the Estonian RMMS questionnaire; however, it might be more adequate to only take into account the charges paid on average by Eesti Raudtee.

- For Netherlands (1): 2,64 EUR/train-km applies to the Betuwe line (linking Rotterdam to The Netherlands), whereas 2,50 EUR/train-km applies to the Hoofdrailnet (the main railway network in the Randstad).

- For the Netherlands (2): the increase of track access charges for freight trains is actually compared to 2012 charges (defined in 2010) but a decrease of 2011 charges (defined in 2009).

8b - Average track access charges in 2014

Source: RMMS questionnaires 2012.

Notes:

- Austria: the increase of charges for intercity trains applies only to trains affected by the high-speed surcharge;

- Germany: the mentioned increase for freight refers to the track products with the highest increase and which is relevant for freight, which has been the Z1 routes for regional trains where speeds are limited to 100 km/h) track product. This is also the case for intercity passenger traffic where the relevant track product with the highest increase has been F+ and for regional services, F6.

- Portugal: charges are for trains with diesel traction (to ensure that electricity is deducted)

- Spain: the infrastructure charge for intercity trains that is used for this table is the one of high-speed services below 260 km/h - please note that most long-distance services in Spain are performed with high-speed trains.

- Slovenia: no VAT is included

Data on white background has been provided by Member States; data on grey background is unavailable and has been estimated through other sources:

- France: infrastructure charges of 2011

- Italy: infrastructure charges of 2011

8c - Average facility and energy charges

8d - Estimated revenues of the main infrastructure managers in 2011 and 2012 (in EUR)

Sources : annual reports ÖBB Infrastruktur (AT), Infrabel (BE), CD (CZ), DB Netz (DE), Banedanmark (DK), Eesti Raudtee (EE), ADIF (ES), VR (FI), RFF (FR), OSE (GR), MAV (HU), Irish rail (IE), RFI (IT), CFL, (LU) LDz (LV°, NS, ProRail (NL), PLK (PL), REFER (PT), Trafikverket (SE), SZ (SI), ZSR (SK) and Network Rail regulatory accounts (UK). IN Romania, Lithuania and Bulgaria, data are an extrapolation of UIC data of 2010.

ANNEX 9

Capacity allocation

9a - Intensity of use of railway network in 2011

*** the EU average does not contain Hungary, Denmark and Greece.

9b - Successful and unsuccessful path allocations

Source: RMMS questionnaires, 2012

9c - Infrastructure declared as "congested" by Member States

Source: RMMS questionnaires

ANNEX 10

Investments in rail infrastructure

10a. Total investments in m EUR in 2011 (conventional lines)

Source: RMMS questionnaires, 2011

* Including high-speed lines

** Total for maintenance and renewals under "maintenance"

*** UE without AT, DK and PT

10b. Total investments in m EUR in 2012 (conventional lines)

Source: RMMS questionnaires, 2012

* Including high-speed lines

** Total for maintenance and renewals under "maintenance"

*** Predictive estimates for 2012 made in 2011

****UE without AT, DK and PT

(@) UE without AT

10c - Investments in high-speed rail in 2012

Belgium: 544 million EUR (source: annual report Infrabel); Germany: 933 million EUR (RMMS questionnaires); Italy - included in conventional; Spain: 3,5 billion EUR (source: annual report, ADIF).

ANNEX 11

Rail fares

3 types of rail fares of 30 long-distance commercial services were collected.

- Business day-return fares: Simulation of a purchase of a business return ticket with 6 or 8 days in advance in first class with the maximum flexibility. The departure is in the morning between 07:00 and 09:00 (earlier departure is taken) with a return after 17:00 (earlier departure is taken).

- Leisure - weekend ticket reserved 2 weeks in advance: Simulation of a week-ed travel in second class with a departure on Friday (after 17:00) and a return on Sunday (after 17:00) with the cheapest fare.

- Leisure - immediate departure: Simulation of an immediate departure on a Saturday with a return on Sunday. The cheapest ticket is preferred.

Date of fares collection: The fare collection was conducted on Business day-return fares on 3 dates (19 February, 8 March and 1st April), Leisure - weekend trip on 2 dates (8 March and 1st April) and on 6 April for Leisure - immediate departure. Of course, under a real simulation the collection of the 3 fares should have been done in an equal number of times. 11a - Fares collected in the main intercity/commercial lines in Europe, in EUR, and distance (km)

11b- Average fares per km in groups of lines (in EUR)

ANNEX 12

Satisfaction with rail services

The data hereunder has been extracted from the Flash Eurobarometer Survey 382a on "European satisfaction with Rail Services" (http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl_382a_en.pdf) carried out by TNS Political & Social network in 26 Member States of the European Union between 9 and 11 September 2013. Cyprus and Malta were not included in this survey as there are no national, regional or suburban trains in those countries. 26,034 respondents aged 15 years old or more from different social and demographic groups were interviewed via telephone (landline and mobile phone) in their mother tongue on behalf of the Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport. The methodology used is that of Eurobarometer surveys as carried out by the Directorate-General for Communication (“Strategy, Corporate Communication Actions and Eurobarometer” Unit)1 of the European Commission. A technical note on the manner in which interviews were conducted by the Institutes within the TNS Political & Social network is appended as an annex to the report. Also included are the interview methods and confidence intervals.

12a. Satisfaction with frequency of the trains

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

12b. Satisfaction with punctuality and reliability

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

12c. Satisfaction with the provision of information during the journey, in particular in case of delay

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

12d. Availability of staff on trains

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

12e. Satisfaction with cleanliness and good maintenance of rail cars

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

12f. Satisfaction with bicycle access in trains

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

12g. Satisfaction with availability of through tickets

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

ANNEX 13

Satisfaction with accessibility[1] (2013)

The data hereunder has been extracted from the Flash Eurobarometer Survey 382a on "European satisfaction with Rail Services" (http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl_382a_en.pdf) carried out by TNS Political & Social network in 26 Member States of the European Union between 9 and 11 September 2013. Cyprus and Malta were not included in this survey as there are no national, regional or suburban trains in those countries. 26,034 respondents aged 15 years old or more from different social and demographic groups were interviewed via telephone (landline and mobile phone) in their mother tongue on behalf of the Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport. The methodology used is that of Eurobarometer surveys as carried out by the Directorate-General for Communication (“Strategy, Corporate Communication Actions and Eurobarometer” Unit)1 of the European Commission. A technical note on the manner in which interviews were conducted by the Institutes within the TNS Political & Social network is appended as an annex to the report. Also included are the interview methods and confidence intervals.

13a. Accessibility reasons that prevent taking the train

Base: those who take the train once a year or less or never (n=15219)

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

13b. Overall satisfaction with accessibility

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

13c. Satisfaction with accessibility of train carriages

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

13d. Satisfaction with accessibility of stations or platforms

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

13e. Satisfaction with the accessibility of the booking process

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

13f. Satisfaction with the accessibility of ticket offices and machines

Source: Flash Eurobarometer FL382a

ANNEX 14

Punctuality

14a - Punctuality of regional and suburban trains (5 minutes delay)

Source: RMMS questionnaires, 2012

Notes:

- for Belgium (*): rate is indicative as IR trains have a punctuality rate of 87,7% and L trains have a 89,8% punctuality rate

- for Bulgaria (**), the punctuality rate with a delay inferior to 5 minutes was assimilated to the punctuality rate of suburban and regional services

- for Germany (§), delays of more than 5:59 minutes

- for Portugal (***), delays of more than 3 minutes

- for Sweden (****), data applies to regional services, not suburban services

14b - Punctuality and reliability of long-distance services, including high-speed

Source: RMMS questionnaires, 2012

Notes:

- for Bulgaria (°), the punctuality rate with a delay inferior to 15 minutes was assimilated to the punctuality rate of long-distance services

- for Germany (°°), delays of more than 5:59 minutes

- for Poland and Netherlands(§), reliability includes regional and suburban services

- for Portugal (°°°), delays of more than 5 minutes

ANNEX 15

Public service obligations (PSO): market size and compensation

15a - Estimated million passenger-km (Mio p-km) and million train-km (Mio Train-km) in PSO in 2011

Source: RMMS questionnaires 2011 unless detailed hereunder.

Notes:

Data on white background has been provided by Member States; data on grey background is unavailable and has been estimated through other sources:

- Austria: 66% share of PSO estimated based on very general extrapolations for the long-distance services along the line Vienna-Salzburg.

- Greece/Ireland/Netherlands: 100% of passenger train-km was assumed as PSO

- Portugal: for passenger-km, as in 2010; for train-km, assumptions were made on the basis of the annual reports of CP and Fertagus.

- Spain: only RENFE services

15b - Estimated million passenger-km (Mio p-km) and million train-km (Mio train-km) in PSO in 2012

Source: RMMS questionnaires 2012 unless detailed hereunder.

Notes:

Data on white background has been provided by Member States; data on grey background is unavailable and has been estimated through other sources:

- Austria: 66% share of PSO estimated based on very general extrapolations for the long-distance services along the line Vienna-Salzburg.

- Belgium: train-kms are calculated on the basis of the same percentage as in 2011

- Germany: freight train-km have been deducted on the basis of the information available in the DB Competition Report 2013

- Italy: information on PSO is based on the annual report of Trenitalia/FS and the Rapporto Pendolaria 2013

- Greece/Luxembeourg: 100% of passenger train-km was assumed as PSO

- Portugal: for passenger-km, as in 2010; for train-km, assumptions were made on the basis of the annual reports of CP and Fertagus.

- Spain: only RENFE services

15c - Estimated compensation, passenger revenues in PSOs and commercial lines (2011) (thousands of EUR)

Sources: Data on Public Service compensation comes from the RMMS questionnaires 2011. Data on passenger revenues in PSO and commercial lines comes from annual reports of the main railway undertakings.

Notes:

- Data on grey background appears to be unavailable

- Ireland/Netherlands/Sweden: data on PSO compensation has been extracted from State Aid Scoreboard

- Denmark: data may contain DSB Swedish operations

- France: includes commercial revenues of Eurostar

- Sweden: commercial revenues only cover the incumbent

15d- Estimated compensation, passenger revenues in PSOs and commercial lines (2012) (thousands of EUR)

Sources: Data on Public Service compensation comes from the RMMS questionnaires 2012. Data on passenger revenues in PSO and commercial lines comes from annual reports of the main railway undertakings.

Notes:

- Data on grey background appears to be unavailable

- Ireland/Italy/Portugal: data on PSO compensation has been extracted from annual reports

- Sweden: data on PSO compensation has been extracted from State Aid Scoreboard

- Denmark: data may contain DSB Swedish operations

- Czech Republic: it was only possible to extract "international services" for CD (for RegioJet, all information was added).

- France: includes commercial revenues of Eurostar

- Sweden: commercial revenues only cover the incumbent

ANNEX 16

LICENSING

Licenses in ERADIS database of the European Railway Agency

ANNEX 17

Employment

17a - Employment in 2011

Source: RMMS questionnaires 2011 unless detailed hereunder.

Notes:

Data on white background has been provided by Member States; data on grey background is unavailable, data that crosses several categories is in mauve (cf. notes):

- for Germany: data classified under "incumbents" covers both incumbents and new entrants

- for Italy: data for new entrants taken from the annual reports of FNM (2010) and NTV (2011)

- for France: data for employment of the infrastructure manager covers both RFF and SNCF Infrastructures

- for Norway: data includes temporary workers

- for UK: data for infrastructure managers only covers Network Rail

17b - Employment in 2012

Source: RMMS questionnaires 2012 unless detailed hereunder.

Notes:

Data on white background has been provided by Member States; data on grey background is unavailable, data that crosses several categories is in mauve (cf. notes):

- for Austria: "Other staff", data for 2011

- for Czech Republic: data for new entrants covers RegioJet and Leo Express, based on their annual reports, no data about freight

- for Denmark: no data for freight

- for Italy: data for new entrants taken from the annual reports of FS Trenitalia (2012), FNM (2010) and NTV (2012)

- for France: data for employment of the infrastructure manager covers both RFF and SNCF Infrastructures

- for Norway: data includes temporary workers

- for UK: data for infrastructure managers only covers Network Rail

ANNEX 18

Current corporate structures of the rail infrastructure managers in the EU Member States:

Category || IM responsibilities || Level of independence || Member States

1 || IM in charge of all IM functions (incl. capacity allocation and charging) || IM institutionally independent from any railway undertaking || Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, UK (for the part of Great Britain), Estonia, Finland, Greece, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden and Slovakia

2 || IM in charge of all IM functions (incl. capacity allocation and charging) || Legally independent IM owned by a holding company which also owns and controls a railway undertaking but with strong guarantees of organisational and decision-making independence in relation to the railway undertaking || Latvia

3 || IM in charge of IM functions with the exception of the essential functions (capacity allocation and charging) under the responsibility of a separate body || IM integrated in a structure responsible for transport operations Separate body in charge of essential functions institutionally independent || Hungary, Lithuania, Luxembourg and Slovenia

4 || IM in charge of the essential functions (capacity allocation and charging) but having delegated specific parts of the essential function capacity allocation and other IM functions (e.g. maintenance) to a railway undertaking || IM institutionally independent from any railway undertaking || France

5 || IM in charge of all IM functions (incl. capacity allocation and charging) || Legally independent IM owned by a holding company which also owns and controls one of the operators with limited guarantees of organisational and decision-making independence in relation to the railway undertaking || Austria, Germany, Italy and Poland

6 || IM in charge of all IM functions (incl. capacity allocation and charging || IM integrated in a structure responsible for transport operations and || Ireland and the United Kingdom (for the part of Northern Ireland)

ANNEX 19

Market shares of railway undertakings (2012)

19a. Rail freight transport (market shares in tonnes-kilometres)

Source: RMMS questionnaire 2012 (cf. table 5b), with the following remarks:

(*) Spain: Estimation in tonne-km based on RMMS and RENFE annual report; Sweden - data for 2010

(**) Includes VFLI, a subsidiary of SNCF, that France insists counting as a new entrant

(***) DB, the German incumbent, is the main freight operator in the Netherlands and Denmark, after the purchase of the incumbent freight railway undertaking

(****) Not available

19b. Rail freight transport (market shares in tonne-kilometres), as provided by the Member States

|| Railway undertakings || Market share (%) || Total market share of all but the principal railway undertakings

AT || ÖBB RCA || 82,4 || 17,6

Wiener Lokalbahn Cargo || 3,12

Lokomotion || 4,16

LTE || 2,73

Logserv || 2,82

TX Logistik Austria || 2,22

BE || SNCB/NMBS (B-Cargo) || 86,62 || 13,39

Crossrail Benelux N.V. || 8,46

SNCF-Fret || 2,41

Trainsport AG || 1,02

Other. || 1,50

BG || BDZ EAD || 63,1 || 36,5

BRC AD || 21,1

Bulmarket DM Ltd || 5,6

DB Schenker Rail Bulgaria EOOD || 9,8

CZ || ČD Cargo || 79,38 || 13,66

Advanced World Transport || 8,03

Unipetrol Doprava || 3.67

PKP Cargo Spolka Akcyjna || 1,96

DE || Deutsche Bahn AG (Schenker Rail, RBH, MEG) || 71,4 || 28,6

TX Logistik || 2,6

ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft || 2,4

Other railway undertakings || 23,6

DK || DB Schenker Rail Denmark Services A/S Taastrup Denmark || 72,8 || 27

Hector Rail: Danderyd, Sweden || 21,8

TX Logistics || 1

Railcare || 0,03

CFL Cargo Aps: Padborg Denmark || 4

EE || ERS || 30 || 30

EVR Cargo || 70

EL || OSE || n.a. || n.a.

ES || RENFE-OPERADORA || 83,17 || 16,75

COMSA || 5,47

ACTIVA RAIL || 4,49

CONTINENTAL || 4,27

LOGITREN || 1,26

TRACCION RAIL || 1,26

FI || VR Group Ltd. || 100 || 0

FR || SNCF || 68 || 32

Other railway undertakings: Colas Rail, ECR, Europorte France, SNCB and VFLI*) VFLI is part of the group SNCF || 32

HU || Rail Cargo Hungaria Zrt (private) || 68,2 || 31,8

Floyd Zrt. (private) || 7,1

GySEV Zrt (private) || 5,5

CER Zrt (private) || 5,0

|| MMV Magyar Maganvasut Zrt (private) || 3,9 ||

PSZ a.s. (private) || 2,6

LTE GmbH || 2,3

Train Hungary Kft. || 1,8

AWT Rail HU Zrt. (private) || 1,8

IE || Iarnrod Eireann || 100 || 0

IT || Trenitalia || 75.9 || 24.1

New entrants || 24.1

LT || JSC Lithuanian Railways || 100 || 0

LU || CFL Cargo || N.a. || 0

LV || SIA LDz Cargo || 77,4 || 22,6

AS BTS || 17,1

AS BE || 5,5

NL || DB Schenker Rail Nederland BV || 64% || 36%

Other railway undertakings || 36%

PL || PKP Cargo S.A. || 60,25% || 32,93%

Lotos Kolej sp. z o.o. || 8,21%

PKP LHS sp. z o.o. || 6,82%

Grupa CTL || 6,69%

DB Schenker RailPolska SA || 5,43%

PUK Kolprem sp. Z.o.o. || 0,67%

POL-MIEDZ TRANS Sp. Zo.o. || 1,95%

Transoda Sp zoo || 0,33%

Rail Polska sp zoo || 1,72%

ORLEN KOL-TRANS SP. Zo.o. || 1,72%

Freightliner PL Sp. Zo.o. || 2,05%

STK || 1,62%

KP Kotlarnia || 0,18%

Others || 2,31%

PT || CP Carga || 88,22% (train-km) || 16,63%.

Takargo || 11,41% (train-km)

COMSA || 0,03% (train-km)

RO || SNTFM CFR Marfa || 46,32 || 53,68

SC Grup Feroviar Roman SA || 27,17

SC Unifertrans SA || 6,01

SC Cargo trans Vagon SA || 5,53

SC DB Schenker Rail Romania || 5,08

SC Transferoviar Grup SA || 3,53

SC Servtrans Invest SA || 2,68

SC Vest Trans Rail || 2,44

Other || 1,24

SE* || Green Cargo AB || n.a. || N.a.

Malmtrafik i Kirusa AB || n.a.

Cargo Net AB and Cargo Net AS || n.a.

Hektor Rail AB || n.a.

DB Schenker Rail Scandinavia A/S || n.a.

TX Logistik AB || n.a.

MidCargo AB || n.a.

RailCare Tag AB || n.a.

Stena Recycling AB || n.a.

SI || SZ Freight Transport || 90,5 || 9,50

Rail Cargo Austria || 7,48

Adria Transport || 2,02

SK || ZSSK Cargo, a. s. || 88,24 || 11,76

Metrans Danubia || 2,53

Express Rail || 1,36

LTE || 1,36

Prva Slovenska zelenicna || 1,08

Brytin Rail || 1,07

UK || DB Schenker || 46,4 || 53,6

Freightliner HH || 19,3

Freightliner Intermodal || 18,0

GB Railfreight || 11,6

|| Direct Rail Services || 3,8 ||

NO || CargoNet AS || 62 || 38

LKAB Malmtrafikk AS || 21

Others || 17

Source: RMMS questionnaires 2012

19c. Rail passenger transport (market shares in passengers-kilometres), in regional/suburban

Source: RMMS questionnaires (cf. table 5e), with the following methodological notes:

- New entrants are railway undertakings whose public service contract has been competitively tendered.

- Other railway undertakings than the principal railway undertaking appear to have obtained public service contracts on the basis of tenders in Germany and Denmark; in Austria, Slovakia and Romania, the public service contracts appear to have been directly awarded.

- in Poland, regional operators which have been directly awarded public service contracts have not been considered as new entrants.

Remarks:

- Sweden (***): According to the annual report of SJ, it has transported 6415 million de passenger-km, and therefore has an overall share of 55% for passenger services. It is however impossible to determine its share of regional/suburban services.

- Hungary (**), there are two incumbents in Hungary.

19d. Rail passenger transport (market shares in passengers-kilometres), in long distance/high-speed services

Source: RMMS questionnaires (cf. table 5e), with the following methodological notes:

- New entrants are railway undertakings that operate in open access.

- In Poland and Romania (*), all other railway undertakings than the principal railway undertaking have been assumed to be regional operators .

Remarks:

- Sweden (**): According to the annual report of SJ, it has transported 6415-million de passenger-km, and therefore has an overall share of 55% for passenger services. It is however impossible to determine its share of regional/suburban services.

- To determine the share of the long distance and high-speed segments, data on market segments has been used.

5e. Rail passenger transport (market shares in passengers-kilometres), as estimated by Member States

|| Railway undertakings || Market share (%) || Total market share of all but the principal railway undertakings (%)

AT || ÖBB PV || 94,3 || 5,7

WESTBahn || 3,4

GKB || 1,2

WLB || 1,1

BE || SNCB/NMBS || 99,4 || 0,6

Eurostar Limited || 0,6

BG || BDZ Passenger Services || 100 || 0

CZ || České Dráhy || 97.06 || 2,94

GW Train Regio as || 0.14

RegioJet || 2,57

Vogtlandbahn-GmbH, organizační složka || 0.13

DE || DB AG (Fernverkehr) || 41,6 || 10

DB AG (DB Regio) || 48,4

Other railway undertakings || 10

DK || DSB: Kobenhavn (incumbent) || 65 || 10

DSB S-tog A/S: Kobenhavn (incumbent) || 18

DSB Oresund (ex-DSB First): Molmö (SE) || 7

Arriva Tog A/S: Tarnby || 3

Metro Service A/S: Kobenhavn || 4

Nordtjyske Jernbaner A/S: Hjorring || <1

Lokalbanen A/S: Hillerod || 1

Midtjyske Jernbaner Drift A/S: Odder || <1

Regionstog A/S: Holbaek || 1

SJ (SE) || <1

EE || Edelaraudtee || 49 || 56

Elektriraudtee || 44

GoRail || 7

EL || Trainose SA || n.a. || n.a.

ES || Renfe Operadora || 100 || 0

FI || VR Ltd. || 100 || 0

FR || SNCF || n.a. || n.a.

Eurostar || n.a.

Thello || n.a.

HU || MAV Start Zrt || 97,1 || 2,9

GySEV Zrt || 2,9

IE || Iarnrod Eireann || 100 || 0

IT || Trenitalia || n.a. || 8.3.

New entrants. || n.a.

LT || SC Lithuanian Railways || 100 || 0

LU || N.a. || n.a. || n.a.

LV || A/s Pasazieru vilciens (AS PV) || 88,3 || 11,7

SAI LDZ Cargo || 11,7

NL || Netherlands Railways || 95 || 5

Other railway undertakings || 5

PL || PKP Intercity S.A. || 43,90 % || 51,4

PKP SKM Sp. z o.o. || 4,70 %

Koleje Mazowieckie KM Sp. z o.o. || 11,89

Przewozy Regionalne Sp. z o.o. || 34,22 %

SKM Warszawa Sp. z o.o. || 1,45 %

WKD Sp. z o.o. || 0,62 %

Koleje Dolnośląskie S.A. || 0,49 %

Koleje Śląskie Sp. z o.o. || 1,64 %

Arriva RP Sp. z o.o. || 0,51 %

UBB GmbH || 0,004 %

Koleje Wielkopolskie Sp. z o.o. || 0,59 %

Others || 0,0037%

PT || Fertagus || 6,13 (train-km) || 83,37% (train-km)

RO || CFR Calatori || 79,39 || 20,61

SC REGIOTRANS SRL || 14,52

Transferroviar Calatori || 3,84

Others (private) || 0,47

Regional (others) || 1,78

SE || Arriva Tåg AB || n.a. || n.a.

A-Train AB || n.a.

Bottniatåg AB || n.a.

DB Regio Sverige AB || n.a.

DSB || n.a.

DSB Småland || n.a.

DSBFirst Sverige AB || n.a.

DSBFirst Väst AB || n.a.

Inlandståget AB || n.a.

Merresor AB || n.a.

Roslagståg AB || n.a.

SJ AB || n.a.

SJ Norrlandståg AB || n.a.

Stockholmståg KB || n.a.

Svenska Tågkompaniet AB || n.a.

Tågåkeriet i Bergslagen AB || n.a.

Veolia Transport Sverige AB || n.a.

SI || SZ Passenger transport || 100 || 0

SK || ZSSK Slovensko || 96,62 || 3,38

Regio Jet CZ || 3,38

UK || Virgin Trains || 9,8 || 90,2

South West Trains || 9,6

First Great Western || 9,7

East Coast || 8,1

Southern || 7,3

Southeastern || 7

Greater Anglia || 6,8

First Capital Connect || 6,0

Cross Country || 5,4

First Scotrail || 4,4

East Midlands || 3,7

London Midland || 3,7

First Transpennine Express || 2,7

Eurostar || 2,3

Northern || 2,6

First Transpennine Express || 2,6

Arriva Train Wales || 1,9

C2C || 1,7

Chiltern || 1,9

Northern West || 1,4

London Overground || 1,5

Merseyrail || 1,0

NO || NSB AS || 88 || 10

Flytoget AS (public-woned) || 10

NSB Gjovikbanen AS || 2

Source: RMMS questionnaires

ANNEX 20

RMMS questionnaire

Please fill in the questionnaire electronically. Feel free to change the size of the tables according to your needs. You may provide additional comments under each answer. If there have been no developments or measures undertaken in a certain field, please indicate it clearly. In case of non-availability of the requested data, use the abbreviation "n/a".

Thank you !

1. Evolution of rail transport performance and compensation of Public Service Obligations (1):

a) Overall evolution

|| 2012 || %-variation compared to previous year

Freight - in tkm (2) total || ||

international || ||

transit || ||

national || ||

Passengers - in pkm (3) - total (4) || ||

international || ||

transit (5) || ||

national || ||

Passengers - in pkm under PSO: || ||

Thereof international || ||

Thereof domestic || ||

Paid compensation for PSO (in euro): || ||

Passengers - in train-km under PSO || ||

b) Rail service segments

Infrastructure || Traffic (p-km) || Public service obligations (% p-km of the category or sub-category)

1.1. UIC type A traffic || ||

Thereof Suburban || ||

Thereof Regional || ||

1.2. UIC type B traffic || ||

Thereof Long-distance/Intercity || ||

Thereof High-speed || ||

Please indicate how each of the categories are defined at national level

2. Shares of railway undertakings (6) in total transport performance at the end of 2012 (please give names of railway undertakings with their market shares in tkm/pkm ≥ 1%):

Railway undertakings (FREIGHT) (7) || Share (% of tkm) || Total market share of all but the principal railway undertakings

|| ||

||

Railway undertakings (PASSENGERS) (7) || Share (% of pkm) || Total market share of all but the principal railway undertakings

|| ||

||

3. Railway infrastructure/Capacity of existing infrastructure

a) Stations, freight terminals, marshalling yards

Infrastructure || Number || Name of the 3 largest

Stations above 25000 travellers/day || ||

Stations above 10000 travellers/day || ||

Stations above 1000 travellers/day || ||

Stations with less than 1000 traveller/day || ||

Freight terminals || ||

Marshalling yards and train formation facilities || ||

Storage siding charges || ||

Maintenance facilities || ||

Maintenance facilities (except high-speed trains and rolling stock requiring specific facilities) || ||

Technical facilities || ||

b) Infrastructure that has been declared as “congested”

|| Congested infrastructure || Headway (average)

Tracks (kilometres) || || -

Thereof: - high-speed lines* || ||

Thereof: - for passenger transport || ||

Stations with more than 25.000 travellers/day (number) || ||

Freight terminals (number) || || -

Marshalling yards and train formation facilities (number) || || -

* if possible, provide information for each of the main high-speed lines

c) Ownership and management of infrastructure

Infrastructure || Ownership || Management

Stations above 25000 travellers/day || ||

Stations above 10000 travellers/day || ||

Stations above 1000 travellers/day || ||

Stations with less than 1000 traveller/day || ||

Freight terminals || ||

Marshalling yards and train formation facilities || ||

Storage siding charges || ||

Maintenance facilities || ||

Maintenance facilities (except high-speed trains and rolling stock requiring specific facilities) || ||

Other technical facilities, including cleaning and washing facilities || ||

Maritime and port facilities linked to rail activities || ||

Relief facilities || ||

Refuelling facilities || ||

d) Path allocation: indicate if in – handling of requests

|| Successful path allocations || Rejected path allocations || Total path allocations

Priority services – PSO (if applicable) || || ||

Priority services – international freight (if applicable) || || ||

Priority services – domestic freight (if applicable) || || ||

UIC Type A services – local and regional || || ||

UIC Type B services – long-distance || || ||

UIC Type A services – high-speed lines || || ||

International passenger services || || ||

International freight (no priority) || || ||

Domestic freight (no priority) || || ||

Total || || ||

e) Please indicate if priorities in path allocation are determined in the legislation? (for PSOs, for domestic freight or for international freight)

4. Please list relevant developments as regards restructuring of the incumbent railway undertaking and adoption/implementation of national transport strategies that have taken place between 1 January and 31 December 2012.

5. Employment of railway undertakings and infrastructure managers at the end of 2012:

Total staff of incumbent railway undertakings ||

- of which train drivers ||

Total staff of new entrants ||

- of which train drivers ||

Total staff of infrastructure managers ||

Other staff including in rail related service companies (e.g. maintenance workshops, terminal operators, training, train driver leasing, energy supply) ||

6. Multi-annual infrastructure management contracts (9) in 2012:

Infrastructure manager || Length of the network covered by the contract || Time span of the contract starting from [date] || Definition of performance indicators agreed (Y/N)? If yes, please specify. || Total compensation paid (in Euro/year) || Existence of independent monitoring body supervising MAC (Y/N)?

|| || || || ||

Please indicate if the service level indicators have been met or not.

7. Infrastructure (10) expenditure - conventional network (11):

|| Maintenance || Renewals || Enhancements

Conventional lines 2012: || || ||

(in Euro)

(in km worked on) || || ||

Forecast for 2012 || || ||

(in Euro)

(in km worked on) || || ||

8. Infrastructure charges in 2014

a) Track access charges

Train category (12) || Average track charge in €/train km, excluding cost of the use of electricity and electric equipment || Change in % compared to previous year of segment with biggest increase, e.g. "container trains +3%"

1000 gross tonne freight train || ||

500 gross tonne intercity passenger train || ||

140 gross tonne suburban passenger train || ||

b) Average facility and energy charges

Type of charge || Average charge, excluding cost of the use of electricity and electric equipment || Change in % compared to previous year of segment with biggest increase, e.g. "container trains +3%"

Freight terminal services (in €/train km) || ||

Passenger stations (in €/train km) || ||

Traction current (in €/kwh) || ||

Traction current for 1000 gross tonne freight train locomotive (in €/train km) || ||

Traction current for 500 gross tonne intercity passenger train (in €/train km) || ||

Traction current for 140 suburban passenger train (in €/train km) || ||

Diesel (in €/litre) || ||

Diesel charge for 1000 gross tonne freight train locomotive (in €/train km) || ||

Diesel charge for 500 gross tonne intercity passenger train (in €/train km) || ||

Diesel charge for 140 suburban passenger train (in €/train km) || ||

c) Share of facility charges in overall infrastructure charges

Train category (12) || Share of facility charge in overall infrastructure charges (%)

Freight service terminal charges for freight operator ||

Station charges for intercity train operator ||

Station charges for regional/suburban passenger operator ||

9. Noise and environment

a) Are there any legislative acts in force regarding the maximum noise level along a railway line and/or any mandatory rule in place that obliges railways to reduce the exposure to noise for the population? (indicate if there was any change compared to 2011)

b) Are there any planned legislative acts regarding the maximum noise level along a railway line and/or any mandatory rule in place that obliges railways to reduce the exposure to noise for the population? (indicate if there was any change compared to 2011)

c) If there are any measures in force or planned, please detail the time frame of their implementation and to which parts of the railway network they will apply (e.g. on freight corridors, on specific lines?)

d) Do you consider introducing differentiation of track access charges according to the level of noise produced by trains/wagons with more silent brake blocks? If so, please give details (approximate date, duration, form, level of track access charges and/or public support etc.)

e) Are there any other environment-related infrastructure charges?

10. Number of active licences of railway undertakings issued in addition to the ones reported to the European Railway Agency (14)

|| Active licences on 31.12.2011 || Licences withdrawn || New licences issued || Active licences on 31.12.2012

Total || || || ||

thereof: - for freight transport || || || ||

- for passenger transport || || || ||

11. Capacity - ERTMS deployment

a) Please describe briefly the status of the ERTMS deployment (ETCS and GSM-R), most notably:

· Part of network covered with ERTMS (ETCS and GSM-R) (%)

· Level and version of the system deployed,

· Type of (planned) ETCS deployment: in overlay or ETCS only. If ETCS only, is there a decommissioning plan?

· Is there a plan for a national deployment (i.e. going beyond the European deployment plan (=EDP))?

· Regulatory-based ERTMS issues/cases occurred during the reporting period

· Other issues related to ERTMS occurred during the reporting period

b) Infrastructure equipped by ETCS

Infrastructure equipped with ETCS level 1/2/3 Versions V 2.3.0d/Baseline 3/previous versions Signalling/train detection In Overlay/ETCS only || Equipped tracks (kilometres) || Change compared to 31.12.2011 || Equipped lines (Kilometres) || Change compared to 31.12.2011

Overall infrastructure || || || ||

- thereof ERTMS corridors || || || ||

% of achievement compared to the EDP-2015 || || || ||

% of achievement compared to the EDP-2020 || || || ||

- thereof freight corridors || || || ||

- thereof high-speed lines || || || ||

c) Infrastructure equipped by GSM-R

Infrastructure equipped with GSM-R || Equipped tracks (kilometres) || Change compared to 31.12.2011 || Equipped lines (Kilometres) || Change compared to 31.12.2011

Overall infrastructure || || || ||

- thereof ERTMS corridors || || || ||

% of achievement compared to the EDP-2015 || || || ||

% of achievement compared to the EDP-2020 || || || ||

- thereof freight corridors || || || ||

- thereof high-speed lines || || || ||

d) Investments in ERTMS

|| Maintenance || Renewals || Enhancements

Investment in ERTMS: || || ||

(in Euro)

(in km worked on) || || ||

Investment in legacy traffic control systems || || ||

(in Euro)

(in km worked on) || || ||

e) Rolling stock equipped with ETCS (please indicate if you are using estimations or estimated percentages)

Rolling stock equipped with ETCS || Incumbents (number) || Change compared to 31.12.2011 || New entrants (number) || Change compared to 31.12.2011

Overall rolling stock || || || ||

- thereof locomotives || || || ||

- thereof multiple units || || || ||

- thereof new || || || ||

- thereof retrofitted || || || ||

Average age of the retrofitted ERTMS rolling stock || || || ||

- average duration of authorisation for placing into service || || || ||

- average cost of authorisation for placing into service || || || ||

f) Are there any legislative acts in force or planned acts or initiatives (e.g. national financing scheme) regarding incentives to use ECTS-equipped rolling stock included in track access charges?

12. Please describe the estimated start-up costs for new operators (evaluation of cost of licences, authorization, and security certificates). (if any change since 2011)

13. Quality of services

Punctuality

Local and regional trains || Long-distance trains

Total || Of which high-speed trains

Reliability || Punctuality (a) || Reliability || Punctuality (b) || Reliability || Punctuality (b)

|| || || || ||

Reliability – percentage of trains cancelled

Punctuality (a) – percentage of trains on time (delay inferior or equal to 5 minutes)

Punctuality (b) – percentage of trains on time (delay inferior or equal to 15 minutes)

14. Developments as regard prices:

Could you provide details on the fare policy for public service obligations for rail (i.e. types of tickets, passenger categories that have specific discounts)?

Could you provide the ratio passenger revenues in public service obligations to their public compensation?

15. Please list important training activities in the field of railway transport taken in your country between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2012.

16. Are there any other developments you would like to report on?

Thank you!

Glossary:

(1) Public Service Obligations as defined in Regulation 1370/2007 of 23 October 2007: "‘public service obligation’ means a requirement defined or determined by a competent authority in order to ensure public passenger transport services in the general interest that an operator, if it were considering its own commercial interests, would not assume or would not assume to the same extent or under the same conditions without reward";

(2) tkm = tonne-kilometre

(3) pkm = passenger-kilometre

(4) Please do not include passenger transit in total figure to ensure comparability with Eurostat data.

(5) Provide passenger transit figures as far as available. Do not include in total figure as Eurostat survey does not include them.

(6) Please apply territoriality principle, i.e. an undertaking operating in more than one country would see its share split across respective national rail markets.

(7) Please indicate if possible for each railway undertaking whether the majority of the assets are private or public-owned

(8) E.g. measures related to the organisation of driver training, opening of training centres, support schemes for management training in the rail sector, setting up of an advanced apprenticeship scheme in the rail sector, international exchange programmes for staff or developments on the market for training services.

(9) Contract concluded with the State or other competent authorities providing for financial compensation to infrastructure managers for maintenance and renewal to achieve an agreed performance, according to Directive 2001/14/EC, Article 6: "Infrastructure cost and accounts:

1. Member States shall lay down conditions, including where appropriate advance payments, to ensure that, under normal business conditions and over a reasonable time period, the accounts of an infrastructure manager shall at least balance income from infrastructure charges, surpluses from other commercial activities and State funding on the one hand, and infrastructure expenditure on the other. Without prejudice to the possible long-term aim of user cover of infrastructure costs for all modes of transport on the basis of fair, non-discriminatory competition between the various modes, where rail transport is able to compete with other modes of transport, within the charging framework of Articles 7 and 8, a Member State may require the infrastructure manager to balance his accounts without State funding.

2. Infrastructure managers shall, with due regard to safety and to maintaining and improving the quality of the infrastructure service, be provided with incentives to reduce the costs of provision of infrastructure and the level of access charges.

3. Member States shall ensure that the provision set out in paragraph 2 is implemented, either through a contractual agreement between the competent authority and infrastructure manager covering a period of not less than three years which provides for State funding or through the establishment of appropriate regulatory measures with adequate powers.

4. Where a contractual agreement exists, the terms of the contract and the structure of the payments agreed to provide funding to the infrastructure manager shall be agreed in advance to cover the whole of the contract period.

5. A method for apportioning costs shall be established. Member States may require prior approval. This method should be updated from time to time to the best international practice".

(10) As defined in Directive 91/440/EEC: "railway infrastructure` shall mean all the items listed in Annex I.A to Commission Regulation (EEC) N° 2598/70 of 18 December 1970 specifying the items to be included under the various headings in the forms of accounts shown in Annex I to Regulation (EEC) N° 1108/70, with the exception of the final indent which, for the purposes of this Directive only, shall read as follows: 'Buildings used by the infrastructure department",

The definition and scope of the term "Transport Infrastructure" according to Annex I.A to Commission Regulation (EEC) N° 2598/70 of 18 December 1970 reads as follows:

"For the purposes of Article 1 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 1108/70 of 4 June 1970, "transport infrastructure" means all routes and fixed installations of the three modes of transport being routes and installations necessary for the circulation and safety of traffic.

A. RAIL

Railway infrastructure consists of the following items, provided they form part of the permanent way, including sidings, but excluding lines situated within railway repair workshops, depots or locomotive sheds, and private branch lines or sidings: - Ground area;

- Track and track bed, in particular embankments, cuttings, drainage channels and trenches, masonry trenches, culverts, lining walls, planting for protecting side slopes etc. ; passenger and goods platforms ; four-foot way and walkways ; enclosure walls, hedges, fencing ; fire protection strips ; apparatus for heating points ; crossings, etc. ; snow protection screens;

- Engineering structures : bridges, culverts and other overpasses, tunnels, covered cuttings and other underpasses ; retaining walls, and structures for protection against avalanches, falling stones, etc.;

- Level crossings, including appliances to ensure the safety of road traffic;

- Superstructure, in particular : rails, grooved rails and check rails ; sleepers and longitudinal ties, small fittings for the permanent way, ballast including stone chippings and sand ; points, crossings, etc. ; turntables and traversers (except those reserved exclusively for locomotives);

- Access way for passengers and goods, including access by road;

- Safety, signalling and telecommunications installations on the open track, in stations and in marshalling yards, including plant for generating, transforming and distributing electric current for signalling and telecommunications ; buildings for such installations or plant ; track brakes;

- Lighting installations for traffic and safety purposes;

- Plant for transforming and carrying electric power for train haulage: sub-stations, supply cables between sub-stations and contact wires, catenaries and supports; third rail with supports;

- Buildings used by the infrastructure department…"

(11) High-speed infrastructure as defined in Directive 2008/57/EC, Annex I: "The high-speed lines shall comprise:

- specially built high-speed lines equipped for speeds generally equal to or greater than 250 km/h,

- specially upgraded high-speed lines equipped for speeds of the order of 200 km/h,

- specially upgraded high-speed lines which have special features as a result of topographical, relief or town planning constraints, on which the speed must be adapted to each case. This category also includes interconnecting lines between the high-speed and conventional networks, lines through stations, accesses to terminals, depots, etc. travelled at conventional speed by ‘high-speed’ rolling stock.

This network includes traffic management, tracking and navigation systems, technical installations for data processing and telecommunications intended for services on these lines in order to guarantee the safe and harmonious operation of the network and efficient traffic management."

(12) The International Transport Forum in Leipzig (D) (http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/) has published surveys on track access charges in the indicated categories.

(13) Article 11 of Directive 2001/14/EC reads as follows: "Performance scheme

1. Infrastructure charging schemes shall through a performance scheme encourage railway undertakings and the infrastructure manager to minimise disruption and improve the performance of the railway network. This may include penalties for actions which disrupt the operation of the network, compensation for undertakings which suffer from disruption and bonuses that reward better than planned performance.

2. The basic principles of the performance scheme shall apply throughout the network".

(14) Licences issued according to Directive 95/18/EC: "Objective and Scope:

Article 1

1. This Directive concerns the criteria applicable to the issue, renewal or amendment of licences by a Member State intended for railway undertakings which are or will be established in the Community when they provide the services referred to in Article 10 of Directive 91/440/EEC under the conditions laid down in that Article.

2. Railway undertakings the activities of which are limited to the operation of urban, suburban or regional services shall be excluded from the scope of this Directive.

Railway undertakings and international groupings the activity of which is limited to the provision of shuttle services transporting road vehicles through the Channel Tunnel shall also be excluded from the scope of this Directive.

3. A licence shall be valid throughout the territory of the Community."

[1] Unless mentioned, the base of persons interviewed is a sample of 26,034 persons interviewed in all Member States, except Cyprus and Malta