COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
RS r -COMC94) 306 final 
Brussels, 14.07.1994 
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te-Si \ REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 
R&D in Advanced Communications Technologies for Europe (RACE) 
- Mid-term Report on Phase II of RACE (1990-1994) -
(presented by the Commission pursuant to Article 4 of the Council Decision of 7th June 1991 : 
91/352/EEC on the Specific Programme of Research and Technology Development in the area 
of Communications Technologies: RACE Phase H) 
Contents 
Executive summary 
Summary of achievements 
Management and evaluation of the RACE programme 
1. Introduction 
2. The context and organisation of the RACE programme 
2.1 R&D as part of the Union's Telecommunication Policy 
2.2 The objectives of the RA CE programme 
3. Implementation of the programme 
3.1 Phases of implementation 
3.2 Structure of activities 
3.3 Project activities - in each Area 
4. Participation in the Programme 
4.1 Involvement of the European telecommunications industries and network operators 
4.2 Involvement of SMEs 
4.3 Contribution to economic and social cohesion 
5. Evaluation and Auditing of the RACE programme; dissemination and exploitation of results 
5.1 Evaluation an as on-going process 
5.2 Programme A udits and evaluations 
5.3 Dissemination and Exploitation of results 
6. Links with other EU and European actions 
6.1 Links with CEPT 
6.2 Links with European and international standardisation bodies 
6.3 Links with other Community programmes/European activities 
6.4 Links with organisations in EFT A countries 
7. Implementation strategies, accompanying measures and socio-economic impacts 
7.1 An indicative IBC implementation timetable 
7.2 High-speed information infrastructure development in Europe: accompanying measures on 
optical network interconnection. 
7.3 Interactive digital video services: Demonstration and standardisation support 
7.4 New service introduction and telework development 
7.5 Research co-operation with less favoured regions and with central and eastern Europe. 
8. Future requirements and options for R&D on Advanced Communications Technologies and Services. 
Annex I : RACE Phase II Projects: Their contributions to RACE objectives 
Annex II : Participating organisations 
Annex in : Statistics on participation 
Annex IV : Recommendations of the Strategic Audit, in 1993. 
Annex V : Glossary of technical terms 
Annex VI : Key references 
Executive Summary 
Telecommunication now underpins most 
industrial activities and is central to the 
performance of the service sector in Europe. 
Good telecommunications are crucial to 
business competitiveness and to the creation of 
new employment in the service and media 
sectors of the economy. The completion of the 
European Economic Space with no internal 
barriers to trade will open new opportunities 
and present new competitive pressures, and the 
increasing importance of telecommunications in 
international trade is already changing the way 
businesses operate. The prosperity of Europe 
in the 1990s will be critically dependent on 
good communications. 
The central importance of trans-European 
communications infrastructures and services 
has been recognised in the Commission's White 
Paper on growth, competitiveness and 
employment. Of the eight key areas for 
investment stimulation identified in this report, 
three are directly concerned with the new 
opportunities opened up by the research and 
technology developments addressed by the 
RACE Programme: The development of a 
high-speed information infrastructure for 
Europe; the emergence of interactive digital 
video services as the driving force for 
integration of the TV and telecommunications 
sectors; and the development of telework as a 
way of realising new competitive advantages 
for business, new flexibilities in employment, 
energy saving and environmental protection. 
The telecommunications, computing and 
broadcasting sectors already account for an 
annual turnover of over 500 billion ECU in the 
world. By 2000, the telecommunications sector 
will be the third largest in Europe, after food & 
drink and chemicals. Telecommunications 
infrastructures will be economically more 
important than the physical transport 
infrastructures. Mastering the technology options has therefore 
become a key to economic growth and the 
creation of new employment. Over 50% of 
employment already depends on use of 
information and telematic systems, and the 
major growth in employment is in the 
information management and media sectors. 
Demand for services is changing rapidly. 
Businesses need more flexible services, higher 
transmission capacities for fast data and image 
transmission and more competitive tariffs. 
Most major European companies now require 
fast data communications between their design, 
manufacturing, management and retailing 
activities. Demand for such services is already 
strong in the US: all major research institutes 
have access to very high-speed data 
communications, and 60% of the top 500 
companies make use of high-speed digital 
transmission links. 
The Decision on the first phase of a 10-year 
RACE Programme (Research and development 
in Advanced Communications technologies in 
Europe) was adopted by the European Council 
of Ministers in December 1987. This decision 
established the policy direction and a budget 
provision for an initial period of five years, to 
1992, within the EC's 2nd Framework for 
Research and technology development. The 
second Phase of the RACE programme has 
been implemented as'the Specific Programme 
on Communication technologies in the 3rd EC 
Framework Programme. This report on its 
implementation through Calls for Proposals in 
1991 and 1993 is in relation with Article 4 of 
the Council Decision of June 1991 which 
requires that in the second year of 
implementation of the programme the 
Commission should examine it and report to the 
Council and Parliament. 
The achievements of the first Phase of work 
(1988-1992) 
The objective of the RACE programme, defined 
in 1987*) is to "promote the competitiveness of 
the Community's telecommunications industry, 
operators and service providers in order to 
make available to final users, at minimum cost 
and with minimum delay, the services which 
will sustain the competitiveness of the 
European economy and contribute to 
maintaining and creating employment in the 
Community". 
As a result of the work carried out in the first 
five years of the RACE programme, Europe 
has a clear lead in the conceptual development 
of advanced communications networks and 
services. For the first time, telecommunications 
operators, the telematics industry and leading-
edge users in most major application sectors 
have joined forces in development of the 
advanced communications technologies 
required for low-cost and innovative services. 
A unique environment was created in the 
RACE programme for concertation of their 
efforts. 
The first Phase of the RACE programme 
strengthened the harmonisation of the European 
Telecommunications infrastructure; the 
development of Common Functional 
Specifications provided a "blue-print" for 
Integrated Broadband Communications. It 
fostered the close co-operation of central and 
peripheral regions, and contributed to the 
economic and social cohesion of the 
Community. In terms of technology 
development, development of the Asynchronous 
transfer mode for high-speed switching of 
digital communications gave European industry 
a lead in international competition; 
The research on network management gave 
European network management systems 
international recognition; The work on digital 
^Council Decision 88/28/EC of 14 december 1987 on a 
Community Programme of research and technology development 
in the field of Telecommunications Technologies: O.J. No L 16/35 
21.1.88 video and TV prepared the way for 
international standards for coding, multi-gigabit 
signal distribution systems and specifications 
for digital video-recording. Projects in the first 
Phase of RACE contributed 596 draft 
specifications to European and international 
bodies and published over 1700 scientific and 
technical papers in the open literature(Ref to 
RACE I Final report). In 1992, the 
Commission reported on the programme in the 
context of its Evaluation of the 2nd Framework 
Programme^), and the RACE Management 
Committee carried its own evaluation at the 
request of CREST^). A Final report on Phase I 
of RACE was communicated to the Council 
and Parliament in March 1992^). 
Phase II (1991-1994) 
The work started under the first phase of 
RACE has now been followed-up and 
broadened by R&D projects under the new 
Specific RTD programme on communications 
technologies, the second Phase of RACE. This 
is part of the EC's 3rd Framework Programme, 
and provides for EC part-funding of R&D until 
December 19945 . Following a first Call for 
Proposals in June 1991, most projects started 
work in January 1992, and the overlap RACE 
Phase I projects in 1992 has ensured continuity 
in the work. With the financial re-inforcement 
of the 3rd Framework Programme in 1993, as 
second Call for proposals was published in 
May 1993. Some key projects have been re­
inforced and extended, and a second set of 
complementary projects started work in 
January 1994. 
^Communication from the Commission on "Evaluation of the 
second Framework Programme for research and technological 
development (SEC<92)675 Final), July 1992. 
Reproduced in Section 3.2.1 of the final report in RACE 
^^Communication of the Commission to the Council and European 
Parliament, COM(93)l 18, March 1993. 
5) Council Decision 91/352/CEE of 7th June 1991 adopting a 
Specific Programme of research and technology development in the 
field of Communications Technologies: OJ N° L192/8,16.7.91 
The Programme will continue to make a 
significant contribution to Europe's economic 
development and socio-economic integration. It 
is accompanied by national activities6 ) and 
international actions, such as those of 
EURESCOM7 ), which reinforce the EC 
activity, and which are reinforced by it. The 
RACE programme is a unique framework 
within which Telecommunications network 
operators, industry and users all co-operate. The evaluation and auditing of the work in the 
programme has reflected the strongly integrated 
nature of the programme. 
At the programme level, in 1991 and early 
1992, the first Phase of work was evaluated, in 
the context of the other major IT and 
Telematics application programmes of the 2nd 
Framework Programme (ESPRIT and DRIVE) 
by an independent Panel8 ). 
Management and evaluation of the RACE 
programme 
The RACE programme is managed as a fully 
integrated set of tasks; each project has 
addressed one or more of a coherent set of 
R&D tasks, each of which has contributed to a 
single objective of the "Introduction of 
Integrated Broadband Communications, 
taking into account the evolving ISDN and 
national introduction strategies, progressing 
to Community-wide services by 1995". 
The Workplan for the programme sets the 
framework for the work of each project and for 
their interaction. This interaction has further 
been reinforced by regular "Concertation" 
between projects, technical discussions at 6 - 8 
week intervals in which all projects participate. 
The technical results of the projects have 
further been consolidated by a core project 
responsible for development of IBC 
implementation strategies and interaction with 
European standardisation bodies. A Strategic Audit was carried out in 1993 to 
review the development of advanced 
communications in Europe and the strategic and 
policy objectives of the Community. The 
results of this review were presented to 
Members of the European Parliament in June 
1993. 
The research and technology development 
within the programme has been accompanied 
by regular assessments of the economic and 
social impact of developments in advanced 
communications9 ) The most recent of these 
assessments was carried out in 1993 and 
disseminated in March 1994 
At the Project level, each project has been 
subject to a "Technical Audit" by independent 
experts in the relevant field of research every 
year. Technical Audits for Phase II projects 
took place in October 1992 and in October 
1993. The results of these annual audits have 
been used to re-direct or terminate the work of 
Projects when necessary. 
These evaluations and audits have all shown 
that the RACE Programme has been successful 
in relation to its original objectives. 
•'Broadband communications trials are underway in , 
most EU + EFTA countries. 
'European Institute for research and strategic studies 
in telecommunications GmbH. °' The report of the information and communications 
technologies reviewd Board, Chaired by 
Mr.W.DEKKER, June 1902. 
' The reports of these assessments have been 
published and widely disseminated as the series of 
reports on "Perspectives for Advanced Communications 
in Europe: PACE". 
R&D in Advanced Communications technologies for Europe 
(RACE) 
- Mid-term Report on Phase II of RACE (1991-1994) -
1. Introduction 
Today, the telecommunications 
industries account for an annual global 
market in terms of services of ECU 285 
billion; ECU 84 billion of which is in 
the European Union. The equipment 
market is worth ECU 82 billion at 
world level, and ECU 26 billion in 
Europe. The annual growth in value of 
telecommunications services is now 
about 8%, and 4% for equipment. The 
telecommunication sector will represent 
about 6% of European GDP by the end 
of this century. Investment in 
telecommunications networks and 
services is running at close to 30 billion 
ECU per year. The revenue is still 
largely associated with voice telephony, 
but most current capital investment is in 
the new generations of digital 
equipment, which can support the 
integration of voice, data and image 
communications. By 2000, as much as 
30% of telecommunications revenues 
could be associated with value-added 
services using advanced data 
communications. 
World-wide, all spheres of life are 
affected by the convergence of 
information technology, broadcasting 
and telecommunications. The 
combination of data processing 
techniques with innovative ideas in 
telecommunications has already led to 
the implementation of Integrated 
Services Digital Networks, but these 
are only a first step in a rapid evolution 
to a much wider range of multi-media 
services which will require new 
technologies, network and service 
management systems and new 
regulatory systems. The combination 
of service integration together with 
optical fibres offering cheap high-speed 
transmission (a million times greater 
capacity than over copper wires) provide the techno-economic basis for 
a fundamental restructuring of all of the 
sectors through Integrated Broadband 
Communications QBC). The 
development of this concept is the goal 
of the RACE Programme. 
The present report documents the 
implementation of the second Phase of 
the 10-year RACE Programme, from 
1991 to 1993. 
The context and organisation of the 
Programme are described in Section 2 
and 3, participation is described in 
Section 4; and programme evaluations 
and audits are summarised in Section 5. 
Links with other EC and European 
actions are described in section 6. The 
results of the R&D in the first phase of 
RACE have already been widely 
exploited, both in development of 
standards, in new network and service 
developments, and as a basis for further 
work in PJiase II of the programme. 
The exploitation of the results of work 
underway in Phase II of RACE is 
described in section 7, and future 
requirements and options for work at 
European level are described in 
Section 8. 
R&D projects in Phase II are described 
in Annex I. The participating 
organisations are listed in Annex II, and 
statistics on the participation are given 
in Annex m. The recommendations of 
the 1993 Strategic Audit of advanced 
communication developments are 
reproduced in Annex IV; a glossary of 
technical terms is given in Annex V, 
and a list of references to the formal 
Decisions of the Council of Ministers 
and Communications of the 
Commission is given in Annex VI. 
2. The context and organisation of the Programme. 
2.1. R&D as part of the 
Telecommunications policy Union's 
The RACE Programme forms an integral 
part of the telecommunications policy of 
the European Union. Linked to the 
liberalisation and re-regulation of the 
telecommunications sector, standardisation 
policy and the information market policy, it 
builds on information technology 
developments in the framework of 
ESPRIT, and for the first time involves the 
European telecommunications network 
operators, as major actors, in collaborative 
technology and service development. By 
addressing the future cost-performance of 
the- communication infrastructures in 
Europe, the RACE programme has 
contributed to development of the single 
market, the international competitiveness of 
European industry and to the social and 
economic cohesion of the Union. 
The major goals of the telecommunications 
policy of the Union, first set out in the 
Council Resolution of June 19881), are to: 
Create or ensure Community-
wide network integrity, based on 
the principle of full 
interconnectivity between all 
public networks concerned, 
Progressively create an open 
common market for 
telecommunications services, 
Promote the creation of Europe-
wide services according to 
market requirements and social 
needs, Further develop an open, 
Community-wide market for 
terminal equipment, 
develop a common market in 
which telecommunications 
administrations and other 
suppliers can compete on an 
equal footing. 
continue Community measures 
regarding common standards; 
stimulate European co-operation 
at all levels, particularly in the 
field of research and development 
of telecommunications, 
create a social environment for 
the future development of 
telecommunications, and, 
integrate the less-favoured areas 
of the Community fully into the 
emerging Community-wide 
market. 
In 1992 and early 1993, a major review of 
the telecommunications service sector 
resulted in a Commission communication^) 
on the findings. The recommendations 
were adopted by the Council3). These 
policies have provided a clear framework 
within which the development of 
communication technologies has been able 
to complement changes in regulations and 
standardisation. 
^Council resolution of 30th June 1988 on the development 
of the common maiket for telecommunications services and 
equipment up to 1992; 88/C 257/01:0.J. No C 257/1, 
4.10.88. ^^Communication to the Council and European Parliament 
on the consultation on the review of the situation in the 
telecommunications services sector, COM(93)159 final, 
28.4.93. 
3)Council resolution of 22.7.93 on the review of the 
situation in the telecommunications sector and the need for 
further development in that market (93/C213/01; O.J. 
C213/1,6.8.93) 
2.2 The objectives of the RACE 
Programme 
The main objective of the RACE 
programme is to contribute to the 
"Introduction of JBC4) taking into 
account the evolving ISDN and national 
introduction strategies, progressing to 
Community-wide services by 1995^)" 
The specific objectives of Phase I were: 
to promote the Community's 
telecommunications industry; 
to enable European network operators 
to compete under the best possible 
conditions; 
to enable a critical number of Member 
States to introduce commercially 
viable IBC services in 1995; 
to allow service providers to improve 
cost-performance and introduce new 
services; to make new services 
available at a cost and on a timetable 
at least as favourable as elsewhere; 
to support the formation of a single 
European market for 
telecommunications equipment and 
services, and to contribute to regional 
development by allowing less 
developed regions to benefit fully from 
telecommunications developments. For Phase H, the objective**) is to enable 
the integrated Broad band network to take 
on the emerging new services, constructed 
on "open" standards, and to make the use 
of integrated services both flexible and 
cheaper. In addition, a number of technical 
objectives were set out in Annex II to the 
Framework programme Decision, and in 
the Annex I to the Decision on the Specific 
Programme. The contribution of RACE 
R&D projects to these objectives is 
described in Table I. 
During the development and 
implementation of the programme, the 
interpretation of the concept of Integrated 
Broadband Communications has evolved in 
response to changing market and regulatory 
conditions. The definition below reflects 
the consensus developed within the RACE 
Management Committee during 1990. 
4rr "Integrated" not only means "integrated services" (at 
the user level and at the appropriate network levels, it 
also points to "integrity" of the whole network, and 
therefore to the proper interworking of all its essential 
constituent, including the existing and emerging ones: 
telephony, packet-switched data, ISDN, satellite, 
mobile, etc. 
"B" "broadband" not only means the high-end" (in terms of 
bit-rate) portion of the services, it also designates the 
total mix of services to be considered, starting from 
the "upper end" of ISDN (eg. certainly including 2 
MbhVs accesses, and possibly even 64 Kbh/s in 
- specific application areas), up to what will be required 
by a realistic introduction of video (interactive and 
distributive) services (e.g. 140 Mbhs/s). 
*C" Communication" not only means the "conventional" 
swfaiiing/transmission/CPN functions, h also 
includes the most advanced features to make services 
provision user-friendly, performent and economically 
sound. 5^Council Decision of 14 December 1987 on a Community 
programme in the field of telecommunications technologies -
R&D in advanced Communications technologies in Europe 
(RACE programme); 88/28/EEC: O.J. No L 16733, 
21.1.88. 
6)Set out in Annex II to the Council Decision of 23rd April 
1990 concerning the framework programme of Community 
activities in the field of research and technological 
development (1990 to 1994) (90/221/Euratom, EEC) 
3. Implementation of the programme 
3.1 Phases of implementation 
In view of the rapid evolution of the 
telecommunications sector in Europe, it 
was decided from the beginning that a 
phased implementation of the RACE 
programme would be most appropriate, so 
as to ensure the necessary flexibility and 
responsiveness to changing circumstances. 
Therefore, the programme began with a 
Definition Phase7) during 1986, involving 
major participation from industry experts 
so as to provide a solid foundation for the 
future programme. 
This was followed by Phase I of the 
RACE, which formally began in June 
1987, and which ended in December 1992. 
Key themes in Phase I of the programme 
were supporting the development of 
standards for the newly emerging 
Broadband communications technologies, 
the development of necessary new 
equipment and components, and a series of 
application pilots to trial the new 
communications means which were 
beginning to emerge. 
The RACE programme had been envisaged 
as a ten-year programme of work, to be 
implemented in two phases, and indeed by 
1991 an important shift in perception had 
occurred. What had seemed to be an 
ambitious, almost futuristic, vision at the 
beginning of the programme had matured 
to a realistic opportunity - commercial 
introduction of Integrated Broadband 
Communications was now confidently 
expected within four years. Moreover, it 
had become increasingly evident that 
telecommunications and advanced 
information services would play a key role 
in world socio-economic development as 
we approach the 21 st century. 
'^Council Decision of 25th Jury 1983 on a definition phase 
for a Community action in the field of telecommunications 
technologies - R&D programme in advanced 
communications technologies for Europe (RACE): 
85/372/EEC; O.J. No L 210/24; 7.8.1985 These circumstances led the European 
Parliament and the Council of Ministers to 
give priority to adoption of the new 
Specific Programme»), thus the second 
phase of RACE was adopted as a Specific 
Programme within the Third EC 
Framework Programme for research and 
technology development in June 1991. It 
was the first of those in the Third 
Framework Programme to be adopted, and 
the Workplan was immediately the subject 
of a favourable opinion of the RACE 
Management Committee. 
A first Call for Proposals was published in 
June 1991; the proposals were evaluated in 
September and October 1991. Over 200 
proposals were evaluated and 95 projects 
started work in early 1992. These projects 
are" scheduled to complete their work, 
within the current budget provisions, by the 
end of 1994. Following the financial re-
enforcement of the Third Framework 
Programme by the Council in December 
1992, a second Call for Proposals was 
published in May 1993. The additional 
projects resulting from the evaluation of 
these proposals started work in January 
1994. All the RACE Phase II projects are 
detailed in an annex to this document. 
Whereas the projects in Phase I of RACE 
concentrated on the evaluation of options, 
those in Phase II prepare for the 
introduction of IBC. Telecommunications, 
and switching and transmission in 
particular, is one of the rare high-tech 
sectors in which Europe is one of the world 
leaders, and the work in RACE was 
designed to maintain and increase this lead. 
A further important aspect is 
harmonisation, both for the Single Market 
and to achieve the necessary economies of 
scale. For example, a significant 
consequence of the consensus on ATM 
which has emerged is the elimination of 
8> Council Decision 91/352/CEE of 7th June 1991: O.J. No 
L 192/8,16.7.91 
10 
functional disparities between the various 
operators1 friture networks. This facilitates 
international interconnection and 
interoperability, and greater compatibility 
among services, and it eliminates delays 
and additional costs caused by adaptations. 
The reduction in cost also enables 
manufacturers to focus their energies on 
new developments, thus making them more 
competitive. Also, R&D work involving 
the integration of a range of sub-systems 
into specific components is demonstrating 
that the technologies and skills are 
available to produce system components 
economically and on a large scale. 
The RACE II projects reinforce the 
collaboration and commitments already 
made by industrial users, the telematics 
industry and telecommunications operators 
in RACE I. The focus of the new R&D is 
on applications, services, operation and 
management, but maintains a high level of 
technology development to consolidate and 
extend the key areas needed for realisation 
of cost-effective provision of IBC services. 
3.2 Structure of activities 
A full description of the individual projects 
in Phase II, and of their inter-relationship 
with the Phase I projects, is available in the 
programme Annual reports for 1992 
(RACE '92), 1993 (RACE '93) and 1994 
(RACE'94). 
The projects cover the eight priority areas 
for research which were identified in the 
Annex to the Council Decision: AREAl IBC (Integrated Broadband 
Communications) R&D 
AREA 2 Intelligence in networks/flexible 
communications resource 
management 
AREA 3 Mobile and personal 
communications 
AREA 4 Image and data 
communications 
AREA 5 Integrated services technologies 
AREA 6 Information security 
technologies 
AREA 7 Advanced communications 
experiments 
AREA 8 Test infrastructures and 
interworking. 
The distribution of the financial resources 
of the programme over these areas, 
including the 13.3% reinforcement in 1993, 
is summarised in Table 1. Brief description 
of work in each area are given in the 
following section. 
The ways in which Phase II projects 
address the technical objectives specified in 
the Decision on the 3rd Framework 
Programme and Annex I to the Specific 
Programme are described in Table 2. 
The contribution of each project to the 
Phase II objectives are described in Annex 
I. The projects in the 2000 series started in 
January 1992. The projects in the 2100 
series started in January 1994 and end in 
December 1995. 
11 
TABLE 1 
SUMMARY OF USE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN PHASE H OF THE RACE 
PROGRAMME 
PROGRAMME 
AREA 
Area 1 
Area 2 
Area 3 
Area 4 
Area 5 
Area 6 
Area7 
Area 8 DECISION 
(MECU) 
111 
43 
53 
68.11 
39 
29 
121 
20 REINFORCED 
(MECU) 
9 
5.4 
9 
14 
4 
2 
13 
8 TOTAL 
(MECU) 
120 
48.4 
62 
82.11 
43 
31 
134 
28 
3.3 Project activities in each Area 
3.3.1 Area I: Integrated Broadband 
Communications R&D 
This area of the programme is concerned 
with Integrated Broadband 
Communications R&D. Broadband 
services and applications are only possible 
if a broadband physical infrastructure 
exists to support them. Only optical fibres 
can currently provide the bandwidth 
required by all the services envisaged by 
IBC. The technology research and 
development for IBC in this area of the 
RACE programme is therefore strongly 
focused on fibre optics, and the Trans-
European Networks for 
telecommunications will be largely based 
on optical fibre technology. The future 
optical infrastructure must and will meet 
the challenges imposed by the convergence 
of the telephony, data and cable TV 
networks. The work in this area is therefore 
concentrated on research and development 
which is highly relevant to the future needs 
of telecommunications users in Europe. 
A primary objective is to ensure that all 
users who wish to have access to 
Broadband services will be able to do so at 
economic cost, anywhere in Europe. Users 
will therefore require direct Broadband 
connections to the optical fibre network. Another important area of activity is to 
develop the fixed fibre infrastructure 
necessary to support the growing demand 
for mobile services. 
Thus the main priorities for Area 1 are: 
• i to develop the concepts, architecture 
and definition of networks and 
transport systems based on optical 
technology 
• the development of the network and 
system technology, transmission 
techniques and network 
management, closely related to the 
development of optical components 
and equipment 
• the development of .the technology 
basis for high performance low cost 
optical devices and modules 
the advanced development of new 
materials, technologies and 
transmission techniques to support 
all requirements of future IBC 
networks. 
12 
3.3.2 Area 2: Intelligence in 
networks/flexible communications 
resource management 
This area of the programme is concerned 
with intelligence in networks and flexible 
communications resource management. 
The provision of increasingly sophisticated 
services supported by universal integrated 
Broadband communications requires 
increasing intelligence to be built into the 
operations and management of networks 
and services. The effective management of 
their resources has long been a concern of 
telecommunication operators and the 
advent of multi-service/network providers 
has increased the need for a more 
structured approach to be taken to 
management. Considerable progress has 
been made in the last few years on the 
standardisation of a Telecommunication 
Management Network (TMN) framework 
architecture and activities within RACE 
have made a major contribution to these 
standards. . There is now a need to 
concentrate more on the management of 
services and the relationship between 
various domains of service/network 
management in a multi­
service/heterogeneous network 
environment. Another area requiring 
further investigation is customer access to 
management applications. 
The planned integration of fixed and mobile 
communications offers the opportunity to 
provide a new concept in 
telecommunication services in which use of 
an identical personalised set of services is 
available to a person irrespective of his 
current location (home, office, car, visiting 
office, remote site etc.) and irrespective of 
the particular terminal device which is used 
to access the service. This concept, which 
is aimed at extending the UPT (Universal 
Personal Telecommunications) concept, is 
called the "Personal Service 
Communications Space". Thus, the main goals of work in this area 
are: 
• to continue to make major 
contributions towards the evolution of 
* a standardised TMN reference 
configuration, 
• to define coherent and agreed concepts 
and architecture of Service 
Management, 
• to validate the recommended 
management approaches by 
undertaking case studies and trials, 
• to make major contributions towards 
defining the concept of Personal 
Service Communication Space as an 
extension to the concept of UPT 
• to define and validate the architecture 
and components required to realise this 
PSCS service 
3.3.3 Area 3: Mobile and personal 
communications 
This area of the programme is concerned 
with mobile and personal communications. 
Recent market developments and initiatives 
taking place in Japan and North America, 
indicate that in order to meet the challenges 
of globalisation and international 
competition, very significant efforts should 
be devoted in particular to the development 
of mobile/personal communications 
networks, systems, products and services, 
as a means to capture a significant 
percentage of the world market. Within the 
European Union, it is hence of strategic 
importance that the efforts pursued at a 
national level be complemented by 
Commission-sponsored projects aiming at 
the development not only of a pan-
European market but also of world 
markets. 
Current market studies indicate that Europe 
is mobile-aware and close to entering a 
mass-consumer market for mobile 
13 
telecommunications. The most successful 
national market currently supports a mobile 
penetration of about 10%. To achieve the 
predicted higher penetration levels will 
require broadening the user community to 
the general public and at the same time 
offering more advanced and diverse 
services to the business community. 
Work in this area of the RACE programme 
contributes to the development of Third 
Generation Mobile Telecommunication 
Systems, conceptualised by the Universal 
Mobile Telecommunications System 
(UMTS) and Mobile Broadband System 
(MBS), intended to realise true personal 
mobile radio communications from 
anywhere within Europe, and to allow 
people to communicate freely with each 
other from homes or offices, cities or rural 
areas, fixed locations or moving vehicles. 
The primary objective of the work in this 
area, particularly in the case of projects 
dealing with UMTS, is the contribution to 
standardisation activities. Activities in 
support of standards development 
encompass: 
• the study of network issues including 
network management, mobility 
management, resource management, 
security aspects, etc., 
• the comparative evaluation of the 
two rival radio access techniques, 
namely CDMA and advanced 
TDMA, through the development of 
common assumptions and the 
establishment of performance 
assessment scenarios, 
• the study of all aspects related to the 
integration of the UMTS satellite 
component into the fixed network 
infrastructure, 
• the research and development of 
technologies, 
• the marketing aspects, service 
creation, quality of service, service requirements, evolution and 
implementation strategies, 
operational and functional 
requirements. 
In the case of MBS, which is the second 
aspect of the work in this area, the 
standardisation stage is likely to be reached 
later. Hence the work focuses mainly on 
the development of the enabling 
technologies, expected technological 
evolution and economic feasibility of 
mobile Broadband services. 
3.3.4 Area 4: Image and data 
communications 
This area of the programme is concerned 
with image and data communications. 
The concept of Integrated • Broadband 
Communications is inherently multi-media. 
The integration of existing 
telecommunication, broadcast, and 
personal computer services will create the 
evolution space for a vast array of new 
multimedia services which are more tuned 
to the totality of human senses. Images 
should ultimately be treated with the same 
ease as voice and data are today, both 
specifically and as part of an integrated 
multimedia communication process. Image 
communication will impose new challenges 
on the network operator (e.g. fast response, 
high bit rates), the service provider (e.g. 
developing attractive multimedia services), 
and the end user (new ways of user-service 
interaction). 
Among IBC services, the most demanding 
information transmission requirements 
come from image communication services 
in general, and from high definition 
television (HDTV) in particular. It is 
expected that services involving digital 
video will form a major part of IBC traffic 
by the time that an integrated Broadband 
digital network is implemented in Europe. 
Digital video will not only be used for mass 
home entertainment, but will also be an 
important component of many image 
14 
communication services in many 
environments. A significant amount of 
work in this area is therefore devoted to 
optimising the arrangements for conveying 
conventional TV/HDTV signals through 
Broadband network, thereby creating an 
attractive environment and opportunities 
for further exploitation of these new 
technologies. 
The two main objectives of the work in this 
area are: 
• to exploit the potential of IBC for the 
emancipation of image communication 
• to develop systems for IBC for image 
communication and distribution 
services. 
The calls for proposals in 1993 have 
resulted in a considerable increase in the 
number of projects and extension in this 
area of work. The new projects are in the 
areas of image transmission, multimedia 
services and in image encoding and 
decoding chips, and they much improve the 
coverage of the area. 
3.3.5 Integrated services technologies 
This area of the programme is concerned 
with integrated services technologies. 
Service engineering is the process of 
defining, creating, deploying and 
maintaining user and management services. 
In the increasingly competitive environment 
anticipated for the provision of services, 
new services will need to be conceived and 
created rapidly and cost-effectively in 
response to user requirements. Nor are 
these services expected to remain static. As 
users gain familiarity with, and confidence 
in, the initial advanced service offerings, 
new requirements will arise and service 
providers will need to be continuously 
enhancing their services to maintain and 
extend their customer base. 
The Service Engineering process needs to 
address the requirements of the market place for interoperable services in a multi­
service/network provider, multi-vendor 
environment with the high level of 
performance, integrity and availability 
expected of telecommunication services; 
services which address the needs of a wide 
diversity of potential users with different 
skill levels and perceptions of requirements. 
Projects in this area address issues arising 
from the particular needs of service 
engineering. In particular, they address: 
• the need for a better understanding of 
user requirements, including those 
users with special needs, 
• the need to provide a framework for the 
definition of re-usable service 
components and their interaction with 
other service and network components, 
• the need for means to ensure cost 
effective creation of new services 
within the above framework. 
Thus activities within this area make an 
important contribution to defining and 
investigating an Open Services 
Architecture for telecommunications. 
3.3 6 Information security technologies 
This area of the programme is concerned 
with information security technologies. 
The basic objective of these R&D actions 
in the field of Information Security can be 
stated as that of providing validated 
specifications, guidelines and technology 
for practical and effective information 
security for the development, 
implementation, and operation of advanced 
communications-based applications and 
services, in particular at a pan-European 
level, for general users, the business 
community and public administrations, 
without compromising the interests of the 
public at large. 
15 
The economic provision of trustworthy 
electronic information implies the 
application and incorporation of a variety 
of security techniques and procedures into 
the various components involved. 
Advantage can be taken of the fact that the 
same common technology may be used to 
meet the different needs of the 
telecommunications infrastructure, the 
service environment, the enterprise network 
and the user space. 
While technology may be common and 
local aims the same, there can quickly arise 
contradictions between the efforts of the 
different players. A communication service 
may need to be supplied and managed in 
ways that avoid fraud and the actual 
content of a particular communication may 
also need to be protected. But different 
players will view the relative importance of 
these two requirements differently, and the 
costs involved and the desire to assume 
responsibility may also vary between 
actors. There is therefore a need to have 
clear definitions of what is supplied and 
what guarantees are given so that 
individuals and companies can cost 
effectively assume their proper 
responsibilities. Security technology and 
protocols have to be developed and 
implemented to match the social, 
commercial and contractual interfaces 
involved. 
Information security systems must protect 
privacy and intellectual property, allow fair 
competition, and still meet the needs of law 
enforcement and national security. The 
future challenge is to meet the complex, 
sometimes contradictory needs of the 
general public, business and 
administrations. While the security 
elements necessary for the European 
information space must be made available 
if society is to profit from its investments in 
telecommunications and broadcasting 
systems, widespread acceptance and 
approval by all parties of these elements is 
also important to safeguard legitimate 
interests and to prevent misuse of 
information and of security techniques. Actions in this field require concerted 
efforts on technological development, 
standards, verification and certification 
procedures and regulation. 
3.3.7. Advanced Communications 
experiments 
This area of the programme is concerned 
with advanced communications 
experiments (ACEs). 
Advanced Communications Experiments 
provide the opportunity for those concerned 
with the provision of advanced services or 
equipment to interact with real users who 
eventually will be the customers for the 
new services or equipment. In this way, 
service and equipment providers are able to 
assess the true requirements of users in real 
working situations; and the fumre users of 
advanced services are able to assess the 
feasibility of their requirements in an 
experimental situation, and the capability 
of the service or equipment providers to 
answer their needs. 
Associated with the full spectrum of needs 
exhibited by users from a wide variety of 
industrial sectors, it is possible to extract 
commonalities of requirements and to bring 
these together into a smaller number of 
"generic applications". This approach 
provides a common way of supporting the 
applications required by many different 
sorts of users. 
Each project needs to maintain a good 
balance between application definition, 
application validation, and technology 
development. There is a high priority 
requirement to match experiments to 
networks, to ensure maximum community 
coverage, and to avoid duplication. 
The key objectives for ACE projects are: 
• to advance understanding of users' 
needs and wants for advanced 
communications, 
16 
to identify" by a process of trial 
implementation the range of advanced 
communications applications and 
services required by many different 
business functions and sectors, and to 
determine the benefits and 
opportunities provided by advanced 
communications in a realistic 
experimental environment, 
to promote awareness of realistic 
exploitation opportunities offered by 
advanced communications, 
to provide feedback, particularly in 
relation to those service attributes and 
system specifications considered 
crucial to the viability of the 
application, 
to assist in the specification and 
verification of the generic applications, 
to verify the economic, commercial and 
technical feasibility of applications of 
advanced communications facilities. 
3.3.8 Test infrastructures and 
interworking 
This area of the programme is concerned 
with test infrastructures and interworking. 
Thus projects in this area are horizontal 
R&D activities supporting the work in the 
other areas. The last phase before the introduction of 
IBC technology by 1995 is to ensure that 
all elements will interwork at all levels and 
satisfy all user needs and constraints. This 
implies a timely testing phase of trials and 
exr*riments to verify technology, user 
acceptance, Quality of Service, and 
compliance with standards and regulations. 
Over the last several years, in parallel to 
RACE's efforts in developing Broadband 
technology, the European network operators 
have installed a considerable optical fibre 
infrastructure. In addition, supported by 
national or European Commission-
sponsored programmes, several national 
testbeds for Broadband communications 
have been or are being set up in various 
locations; the so-called IBC islands. These 
testbeds are based on different technologies, 
have different objectives and require 
transborder connections. Therefore RACE 
projects belonging to this area identify 
common elements that form the basis for 
introducing IBC interoperability at all 
levels, and at the same time use current 
available networks (including the IBC 
islands) to provide a first step for the 
introduction^of IBC. An important objective 
is to stimulate the demonstration of 
Broadband communications in Europe by 
interconnecting IBC islands and high 
performance computing centres in different 
member states, ultimately helping to provide 
Europe with a ubiquitous Broadband 
network - the European initiatives on 
information Hign ways 
17 
TABLE 2 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO TECHNICAL OBJECTIVES 
Objectives of Area 1: Integrated Broadband Communications R&D 
Technical objectives Ways in which Phase Q projects 
address these objectives Impact of the RACE work 
Common understanding of the IBC 
evolution and its implications Identification of harmonised 
implementation strategies, taking into 
account the diversity of existing 
infrastructure and user needs Clear definition of the important 
issues and concepts of IBC 
Common définition of IBC systems 
and sub-systems Studies of optical fibre and ATM 
network design and topology, 
extendible to pan-European networks Proposals and models for pan-
European all-optical networks. 
Harmonisation of transit and local 
network architectures 
Identification of technology and R&D 
requirements Systems and related components and 
performance /cost comparisons, 
including WDM, TDM, SDH, ATM Enables higher quality and improved 
performance of systems. Cost 
reductions of local access connections 
An understanding of the cost-
effectiveness of alternative 
implementation routes Development of common tools for 
techno-economic and operational 
assessments. Common tools have been developed 
for techno-economic analysis, for 
advanced network planning and 
management 
Analysis of standardisation 
requirements Inputs to CMP and to ETSI. 
Generation of consistent set of 
reference models for novel network 
architectures. Consensus on harmonised European 
approach to IBC infrastructure 
specification 
Objectives of Area 2: Intelligence in networks/Flexible communications resource management. 
Technical objectives Ways in which Phase II projects 
address these objectives Impact of the RACE work 
To enable second-generation systems 
to exploit foreseeable progress in data 
processing Prototype implementations of 
emerging standards-conformant 
service and management components Acceleration of availability of 
standards-conformant products from 
multi-vendors, interworking to 
provide advanced, managed telecom 
services 
Validation of emerging standards 
To contribute to standardisation and 
definition of interconnection protocols Development of an architectural 
framework for the definition of inter­
operable network and service 
management systems 
Exploration of the implications 
involved in realising new concepts in 
personal communicadons Common functional specifications and 
inputs to standardisation bodies: 
ETSI, ITU-T on Telecom 
Management Networks. 
Common functional specifications and 
inputs to standardisation bodies: 
ETSI, ITU-T on the evolution of UPT 
and IN. 
18 
Objectives of Area 3: Mobile and personal communications 
Technical objectives Ways in which Phase II projects Impact of the RACE work 
address these objectives 
To contribute to the definition of Work on planning tools, traffic Contributions to the development of 
standards necessary for the 3rd analysis, fixed network integration, Common Functional Specifications 
generation systems (UMTS - The network modelling and management, and significant input to 
Universal Mobile mobility management, adaptive air standardisation bodies: ETSI-SMG5, 
Telecommunications System) interface, service creation & CCIR, CCITT and ISO. 
deployment, cell design, access 
schemes, coding and modulation. 
Identify evolution and implementation 
scenarios. Carry out field trials 
To permit the exploitation of new Specification of a system concept, Contribute to the development of the 
hyperfrequencies in mobile design of demonstrators and basic enabling technologies (MMIC 
communications: (MBS - Mobile millimetre wave transceivers technology, in particular using 
Broadband System) permitting datarates necessary for pHEMT processes) and the system 
video transmission. Expected concepts for mobile broadband at 60 
evolution and economic feasibility GHz 
also investigated. 
Objectives of Area 4: Image and data communications 
Technical objectives Ways in which Phase II projects Impact of the RACE work 
address these objectives 
To integrate image into multi-media Development of interworking Promote digital TV distribution by 
communications technology for transmission by ATM, various means 
cable, fibre, satellite and radio 
Development of multimedia storage Rapid uptake of audio-visual services 
system, video-on-demand services, with European technology 
access control and copyright 
protection, user friendly interfaces 
To ensure the development of allied Development of low bit rate coding , Impact on world audio-visual 
protocols and coder-decoders cost effective VLSI codecs, standards i.e. MPEG 2 
transcoding VLSI 
Development of 3D TV image Improved support for industry, 
synthesis and studio CPN education, research, medicine and TV 
- production 
19 
Objectives of Area 5: Integrated services technologies 
Technical objectives Ways in which Phase H projects Impact of the RACE work 
addresses these objectives • 
To ensure the ease of use of new Development of design guidelines in Common Practice Recommendations 
service by small and medium-sized the implementation of user-service 
undertakings interfaces, to ensure widespread 
acceptability to users 
User trials of prototype Validation of design guidelines, 
implementations of user-service Acceleration of the commercial 
interfaces, in particular those availability of adaptions to user 
exploiting new technology and interfaces for people with special 
mechanisms needs 
To prepare the scientific and Development of a harmonised Common functional specifications 
technological basis for development architecture for the definition of representing consensus on future 
of standards reusable service and management architectures providing enhancements 
service components, in a multi- to IN and IN/TMN harmonisation 
service provider, multi-vendor 
environment 
Prototype implementations of service Acceleration of commercial 
creation environments (guidelines, availability of service creation 
methods, tools) supporting the environments 
deployment of telecom services 
Objectives of Area 6: Information security technologies 
Technical objectives Ways in which Phase II projects Impact of the RACE work 
address these objectives 
To contribute to the development of Definition and prototyping of a Demonstrates possibilities for more 
technologies for information security security architecture. efficient and effective security in 
complex environments 
Development of security management Provides a framework for 
framework. development of a wide range of 
security services. 
Investigation of automatic processes Demonstrates initial technical 
for detection and neutralisation of feasibility of enhanced behavioural 
malicious software. surveillance techniques 
To contribute to the definition of Work on a conceptual framework and 
international standards and methodology for integration of needs, 
verification technologies liabilities and obligations. 
Development and validation of Take-up of key concepts enabling 
standards for security in open, convergence on standards and 
distributed and heterogeneous products, 
environments. 
Development of components to Feedback from application of 
defined ITSEC (IT Security European evaluation criteria to state 
Evaluation Criteria) levels of the art components and 
environments into work on Common 
. I Criteria (EU/NA). 
20 
Objectives of Area 7: Advanced Communications experiments 
Technical objectives Ways in which Phase U projects Impact of.the RACE work 
address these objectives [ 
To verify the feasibility of integrated Advanced communications Prototypes of integrated 
communications systems experiments build working pan- communications systems in many 
European pilots of their applications industry sectors, e.g. manuf., 
m different industry sectors design,banking, publishing, retail, 
construction, culture, transport etc. 
now established and running 
Use and adapt currently available Advances state-of-art in leading edge-
equipment and services to trial communications 
advanced applications 
Execute techno-economic and market Many advanced applications now 
analyses of advanced communications approaching market/real user launch 
applications 
Identify generic applications Small number of underlying generic 
services and platforms developed to 
support multiple applications 
To contribute to developing Projects experiment with trial Interconnection standards pioneered 
interconnection standards interconnections and disseminate in RACE form starting point for to-
results to the industry be-established standards 
Real world tests reduce uncertainty 
for service suppliers and 
manufacturers 
Objectives of Area 8: Test infrastructures and interworking 
Technical objectives Ways in which Phase II projects Impact of the RACE work 
address these objectives 
To validate standards and functional Implementation of functional Harmonisation of standards, based on 
specifications specifications in prototype equipment, practical trial experience. Particular 
Performance of experimentation on contribution to the UNI (user-network 
prototypes. Implementation of interface) 
standards on larger scale equipment. 
To establish interconnection and Interconnection of broadband Catalyst for the development of the 
interworking systems and protocols components within testbeds, then European broadband infrastructure. 
interconnection of testbeds with ad Raises awareness of broadband 
hoc solutions, then via public capabilities and remaining technical 
networks. Applications trialed on issues. 
interconnected testbeds 
21 
4. Participation in the Programme 
The 117 R&D projects involve the 
participation of 574 different organisations 
and companies, including all the major 
European telecommunications actors. In 
addition, 49 different organisations from 
EFTA countries (Austria, Finland, 
Norway, Sweden and Switzerland) has 105 
separate participations in the work. 
4.1 Involvement of 
telecommunications 
network operators the European 
industry and 
All the major European 
telecommunications equipment suppliers 
are heavily involved in the work (for 
example, the Alcatel group has 60 
participations from eleven organisations in 
the group from Germany, Portugal, France, 
Italy and Norway). 37% of participations 
are from the telecommunications equipment 
supply industry and 17% from 
telecommunications network operators. In 
terms of the effort devoted to the work the 
involvement of these organisations is even 
stronger: 47% from the supply industry 
and 18% from the network operators. 
4.2 Involvement of SMEs 
Despite the high cost of R&D in advanced 
telecommunications, the second phase of 
RACE has attracted a strong participation 
from small and medium-sized enterprises 
(SMEs). They represent 41% of the 
participations in Phase II projects, 
compared with 28% for Phase I, and 
16.5% for the 2nd Framework Programme 
as a whole'). Small organisations, whether 
enterprises or research organisations, 
participate in over 70% of Phase II 
projects, compared with 60% in Phase I, 
and provide 34% of the total effort. 4.3 Contribution to economic and social 
cohesion 
By investigating and developing strategies 
for IBC introduction all areas of the EU, 
including in less favoured regions, the 
programme has paved the way for the 
realisation of Trans-European Broadband 
Communications Networks as foreseen in 
Chapter XII of the Treaty on European 
Union. Particular attention has been given 
to the need to link island, landlocked and 
peripheral regions with central regions of 
the Union 
A substantial number of accompanying 
measures, workshops and summer schools 
have ensured that the R&D carried out has 
been accessible to scientists and engineers 
from all areas of the European Union, and 
a particular effort has been made to 
organise workshops and seminars in less 
favoured areas. 
82 projects (70%) involve organisations 
from less favoured regions of the Union, 
compared with 60% in Phase I. Through 
their participation, these companies are 
contributing to tranfers of technology and 
expertise to these regions. About 20% of 
participations are by organisations in the 
four countries eligible for the "cohesion 
fund". 
evaluation of the second Framework Programme of RTD: 
Report from CREST to Council, September 1992. 
CREST/1212/1/92. 
22 
5. Evaluation and Auditing of the RACE Programme 
5.7 Evaluation as an on-going process 
In view of the rapid evolution of communication 
technologies and services, evaluation has been 
seen as an on-going process throughout the 
preparation of the programme, its 
implementation and its execution. It has also 
been a process that has affected every level: the 
strategic orientation of the programme, the 
operational management of the programme, and 
the technical direction of every project. 
The evaluation process started with the extensive 
collaboration of telecommunications actors in 
planning the programme and in development of 
the Workplan. Continuing collaboration with 
industry and telecommunications operators 
allowed a yearly up-date of the both the 
Programme Workplan and the workplans of each 
project. In addition, regular meetings between the 
consortia making up the programme 
(Concertation Meetings) ensure that there is a 
continuous informal process of progress 
monitoring and adjustment by all projects. The 
consistency of work is assured by the Consensus 
Management Project, which has close relations 
with European standardisation bodies. 
The progress in work in Phase I was reported to 
the Council of Ministers and the European 
Parliament in 1990 in the "30 month" review and 
in 1993 in the Final report10). For Phase II, 
This mid-term review documents the 
implementation of the programme. The results 
of the work and the impact of the programme on 
European telecommunication, economic growth 
and employment creation will be summarised in 
the Final report to be prepared at the end of 
1994. 5.2 Programme Audits and evaluations 
The work on Integrated Broadband 
Communication (IBC) in RACE has been 
periodically adjusted to respond to rapidly 
evolving techno-economic conditions and service 
opportunities. Therefore, within the programme, 
a periodic critical examination (Audit) has been 
carried out at two levels: 
A strategic review of advanced 
communications developments, 
including an evaluation of the 
performance of RACE as a whole with 
respect to mid-term and policy 
objectives of the Union in an 
international context 
The technical aspects, evaluating the 
performance of the RACE projects 
with respect to the programme 
objectives 
5.2.1 Strategic Audits and programme 
• evaluations 
In 1991 and early 1992, the RACE programme 
was evaluated in the context of the other major 
IT and Telematics application programmes of 
the 2nd Framework Programme (ESPRIT and 
DRIVE) by an independent Panel chaired by Mr 
Dekker11). The Commission has separately 
responded to the recommendations of this 
Panel12). ; 
In 1992, the Commission reported on the first 
Phase of the RACE programme in the context of 
its Evaluation of the 2nd Framework 
Programme13). The Committee on Research 
Science and Technology (CREST) was invited 
by the Council to comment on the Commission's 
report. CREST passed on the invitation to the 
10) R+D in advanced communications technologies for Europe 
(RACE). Final report on Phase I: COM(93)l 18, March.1993 'The report of the information and communications technologies 
review Board, Chaired by Mr. W. Dekker, June 1992. 
1 hTie Commission's response to the Dekker report, January 1993 
^Communication from the Commission on "Evaluation of the 
second Framework Programme for research and technological 
development (SEC(92)675 Final), July 1992. 
23 
RACE Management Committee (RMC), which 
submitted its report in Jury 1992. The 
recomrnendarions were reported in the Final 
report on Phase I. An independent Strategic 
Audit was carried out in 1993 to evaluate the 
work in respect of the strategic and policy 
objectives of the Community in an international 
context. The main conclusions are reproduced in 
Annex IV. 
5.2.2 Impact assessments and forecasts 
The research and technology development within 
the programme is accompanied by regular 
assessments of the economic and social impact of 
developments in advanced communications. The 
reports of these assessments are published and 
widely disseminated as the series of reports on 
"Perspectives for Advanced Communications in 
Europe: PACE" The most recent of these 
assessments was carried out in 1993. It focused 
on the potential impact of investment in 
advanced communications on macro-economic 
growth. The analyses showed that additional 
growth of up to 6% in GDP could be stimulated 
in Europe by a pro-active policy of investment in 
both the provision of advanced and high-speed 
infrastructures and by stimulation of new uses 
and applications of services1^). This activity 
provides the factual background for the yearly 
up-date of the work under the programme as well 
as minor adjustments during the course of the 
year. This activity has been fully integrated into 
the 2nd Phase of RACE following the provisions 
made in the Council Decision on the 'Specific 
Programme on Communications Technologies. 
5.2.3 Technical Audits of RACE projects 
To be able to adapt the Programme to the 
development of technology and to changes in the 
perception of demand, the Council Decision 
provides for an annual revision of the workplan. 
All the on-going projects are annually reviewed 
with respect to the objectives of the programme 
and new needs. Each project has been subject to 
a "Technical Audit" by independent experts in 
the relevant field of research every year. For 
14) The economic impact of advanced communications; Teknibank 
report for DG Xm, May 1993. Phase H, the first such Technical Audit took 
place in October 1992 and the second in October 
1993. The results of these annual audits has 
been used to re-direct or terminate the work of 
Projects when necessary. 
The Technical Audit has consisted of the 
following major elements: 
(a) Each year, the partners in each project carry 
out a "self-evaluation" by reviewing the 
project in all its essential aspects and 
document the results in an Annual Review 
Report. 
(b) These are evaluated by independent external 
experts (Auditors) identified with the help 
of RMC. Following the evaluation of the 
reports, the projects are given a "hearing" 
under the chairmanship of the Commission. 
The Projects have an opportunity to 
highlight achievements and to outline future 
work. The Auditors, grouped in Panels 
according to their respective expertise, are 
able to question the projects to complete the 
picture given by the Annual Report and the 
Presentation. 
(c) The Panels consolidate their conclusions 
and recommendations, and document them 
in the Audit Panel Reports to the RMC and 
to the Commission. 
(d) The Audit Reports are complemented by an 
assessment of the contractual deliverables 
by the Project Officers of the Commission 
(in general the deliverables are considered 
confidential and are not disclosed to the 
Auditors). 
This procedure has proved both fair and 
effective. The Audit reports have served as an 
excellent basis for negotiation of contracts for 
the detailed workplans of each project, each year. 
5.3. Dissemination and exploitation of results 
The Role of Concertation and the Consensus 
Management Project 
The Concertation mechanism has been developed 
to improve information collection and 
dissemination. The mechanisms for Concertation 
are the: Consensus Management Project, Project 
Lines, Common Interest Circles, Concertation 
Technical Groups and Concertation meetings 
24 
themselves. Both Consensus Management and 
the Concertation mechanisms are important 
elements in the collaboration concept for the 
development and introduction of IBC. The 
Consensus Management Project performs the 
function of RACE Systems Engineering and has 
the specific remit of editing Common Functional 
Specifications (CFS) and Common Practice 
Reconimendations (CPR). The preparation of 
CFS and CPR has been an important output of 
RACE, and as the programme moves from 
"Exploring Options" to "Preparing for 
Implementation" these will become increasingly 
driven by the needs of their intended audiences, 
the developers and purchasers of products and 
services. 
Dissemination, Workshops, Conferences and 
Deliverables 
Participants in the RACE programme as a 
whole present aspects of the programme work at 
conferences and exhibitions throughout Europe. 
The RACE Directorate also organises and 
supports a number of workshops and 
conferences each year on important 
communications issues, including fibre to the 
home, broadband islands, intelligent cities, and 
business opportunities using advanced 
communications. Approximately 35 workshops 
and conferences were run in 1993 and 1994 
should match or exceed this number. A major 
event of 1993 was the CEBIT exhibition at 
Hannover, where 11 live demonstrations were 
hosted on the Commission's stand, linked to 
similar exhibits within CEBIT, as well as to 
communications experiments in 11 different 
countries. The event was coupled with a conference and public hearing on the 1993 
Strategic Audit. The range of dissemination 
measures are also illustrated by the wide range 
of publications, contributions to standards and 
patents registered, as well as the database on 
deliverables. There will be a total of 3056 
deliverables from RACE and accompanying 
measures Of these 1096 will be in the public 
domain, 622 are restricted to the RACE 
community, 621 are limited to certain RACE 
projects only, and 618 are for internal use within 
the project. 
Exploitation Plan 
It is a requirement of RACE that project 
consortia specify their plans to exploit results. 
RACE also uses a number of mechanisms for 
internal exploitation in which components 
produced by technology demonstrators are built 
into sub-system demonstrators, and these 
subsystems in turn are used to build more 
complex system demonstrators. Further, 
technical information on system performance are 
fed to the application experiments, which in turn 
provide improved understanding of user needs 
and opportunities for product and service 
development. Exploitation reports have 
described the possibilities for economic 
exploitation, whether of scale, scope or 
integration; the impact of compatibility and 
interoperability, systems developments, 
individual technology developments, business 
sector applications and infrastructure impact as 
well as strategic leverage. A number of 
databases and an "Impact and Exploitation" 
questionnaire have been used to provide 
additional summarised overviews. 
25 
6. Links with other EU and European actions 
6.1 Links with ETNO and EURESCOM. 
Links with CEPT and its subsequent bodies have 
changed substantially during the development 
and implementation of RACE. 
The re-regulation of telecommunications, in line 
with the new European Telecommunications 
Pohcy, led the CEPT to set up a number of 
separate bodies, two of which have established 
strong linkages with RACE activities: ETNO, 
the European Telecommunications Network 
Operators group, is now the forum for 
discussions between network operators on 
regulatory and network interoperation issues; 
and EURESCOM who provides a forum for joint 
applied research. Almost all major European 
fixed network operators participate in 
EURESCOM, and it serves as a valuable 
interface between the Commission, RACE 
projects and the most network operators. 
6.2 Links with European and international 
standardisation bodies 
As part of the implementation of European 
telecommunications policy, ETSI, the European 
Telecommunications Standardisation Institute, 
was set up in 1988. It is now established as the 
major European forum for the development of 
technical specifications. The pre-normative 
work in Phase I of RACE provided 596 separate 
contributions to the standardisation work of 
ETSI, CCITT and CCIR. In addition, regular 
meetings have been held with representatives of 
CEN/CENELEC, EBU and SPAG. 
6.3 Links with other Commission 
programmes/European activities 
RACE projects capitalise on the results of 
projects developing generic technologies, i.e. 
ESPRIT (microelectronics components, software 
tools, ATP for network management etc.); 
similarly projects in the specific programme of RTD on telematic systems of general interest 
draw heavily on the results of RACE projects. 
Hie collaboration with COST has been 
implemented by close links between related work 
and periodic meetings on the programme 
management level. 
With the EUREKA Initiative, the strongest 
interaction has evolved in the field of audiovisual 
technologies. Part of the work related to the 
promotion of HDTV (EUREKA project 95) was 
complemented by work under a Phase I RACE 
contract; and EUREKA project 256 on video-
coding was associated with the RACE 
integration activities. 
To establish a broader synergy in Phase II, a 
joint EUREKA-RACE concertation meeting was 
held in September 1992. A total of 30 EUREKA 
projects are active in these areas of 
communications research; in generic 
telecommunications systems and components; 
local networks and services for industry, and in 
the area of audio-visual media technologies. 
Continuing information exchange with RACE 
RTD projects is ensured through common 
participants, and though participation in topical 
workshops and conferences. 
Strong Links have been established with research 
in the cost1 framework. Joint workshops have 
been organised with COST projects in the areas 
of optical communications and mobile 
communications, and Cost project co-ordinators 
are invited to the RACE project concertation 
meetings. 
6.4 Links with organisations in EFT A countries 
Organisations from Austria, Finland, Norway, 
Sweden and Switzerland are involved in Phase II 
of the RACE programme. 50 organisations from 
those countries participated in 94 projects (126 
participations in over 80% of the work) 
1 Co-operation in Science and Technology 
26 
7. Implementation strategies, accompanying measures and socio-economic impacts 
The development of distance working -
"telework" - in Europe is of crucial importance 
for Europe's economic development: it will be a 
major driver of technology development in the 
next few years; it will open new opportunities for 
small businesses; it will contribute to easing the 
problems of congestion in cities, and it will give 
peripheral and rural areas a unique opportunity 
to attract a much wider range of employment 
than in the past. It can help both to give industry 
new competitive advantages; it can contribute to 
easing some of the environmental pressures and 
can introduce a new flexibility into the 
employment market, without detracting The 
opportunities presented by the new 
communications technologies will have a very 
important impact on future economic growth in 
the Community and the international division of 
labour world-wide. Three distinct but interlinked 
growth processes are at work: 
Improved access to better information 
raises productivity throughout the 
economy, 
Improvements in communications raise 
the utility, and consequently the 
marketability, of both old and new 
services leading to their expansion, 
Transition to the new service-driven 
and information-based economy 
requires very large public and private 
investment in new infrastructures, both 
physical - cable, switches, terminals -
and human, for the development of 
value-added telecommunications 
services. 
In the White paper on growth, competitiveness 
and employment, the Commission has proposed 
that the Member States of the European Union, 
and the European institutions, should together 
focus on five priorities: Promotion of the use of 
information technologies, particularly in the 
public sector, but also through promotion of 
teleworking; Promotion of investment in basic 
trans-European services, for ISDN and high­
speed networking; creation of an appropriate 
regulatory framework to ensure competition, 
guarantee universal service and security of 
information and communication systems; develop training on new technologies, and 
increase industrial and technological 
performance in European business, notably 
through increasing research and technology 
development. Specifically in the area of trans-
European telecommunications networks, nine 
priorities for investment stimulation are 
identified: 
Establishment of high-speed 
communications networks; 
consolidation of integrated services digital 
networks across Europe; 
consolidation of systems for electronic 
access to information; 
development of European electronic mail 
services; 
implementation of interactive video 
services, based on CATV and 
telecommunications infrastructures and 
technologies; 
stimulation of teleworking; 
stimulation of telematic links between 
administrations; 
development of teletraining services; and 
development of telemedicine services and 
networks. 
A total investment of over 500 billion ECU will 
be required in Europe by 2005 - from network 
operators in infrastructure development; from 
service providers in developing new service 
provision capabilities, and from businesses to 
allow them to obtain competitive advantage from 
new infrastructures and services. The economic 
and employment advantages of this investment 
will only be realised if the key European 
infrastructure and service developments are 
technically compatible, operationally 
interconnected, and synchronous in time. 
In order to stimulate and assess the exploitation 
of RACE results by the participants, a "RACE 
Exploitation Plan" has been regularly updated 
throughout the period from 1988 to date. It 
provides an integral view of the exploitation of 
the results by participants. 
27 
7.1 An indicative IBC implementation timetable 
Effective exploitation of R&D is only possible if 
all actors have a coherent view of the direction 
and pace of commercial developments. The 
R&D in the RACE programme has therefore 
always been scheduled and specified in relation 
to an indicative implementation plan for 
Integrated Broadband Communications, which 
has been regularly updated. It involves a step­
wise introduction of advanced services, starting 
with the ones for which there is business and 
professional demand as early as 1992/1993. The 
current indicative implementation schedule, as 
described in the RACE annual report for 1992 
(RACE'92) involved the following milestones: 
1992/1993: 1996: Application field trials to test a full 
range of IBC services (incl. residential 
customers with 2-way video and digital 
video services) using commercial IBC 
equipment, 
Offer of commercial basic Broadband 
services, based on 2, 34 and 155 
MBit/s links, including fast inter-LAN 
data transmission, desk-top video­
conferencing, video-processing, 
CAD/CAM and telework applications. 
Inter-operation of fixed Broadband 
networks with mobile, satellite and 
other networks. 
1994: Early introduction of business and 
professional applications; 
Advanced Communications 
Experiments to test new services and 
network management systems: ATM, 
MAN, and IBC in Customer Premise 
networks. 
Procurement/investment decisions for 
future pan-European IBCN and full 
IBC services, 
Major standards finalisation, 1997: 
Completion of inter-connection of all 
capitals of the Community and with 
neighbouring countries, based on the 
extension of existing optical trunk 
networks, but supporting voice, data 
and image traffic, either separately or 
as integrated services. Availability of IBC services to 
business users in towns of more than 
500,000 inhabitants, and beginning of 
wide-spread "fibre-to-the-home" 
implementation. 
2005-2010: 
50% penetration of IBC services. 
This indicative timetable will again be reviewed 
in 1994, in the context of'the preparation of 
guidelines for the development of trans-European 
Broadband Networks, as foreseen in Title XII, 
Article 129b and c of the Treaty on European 
Union. 
1995: 
Initial IBC network implementation 
and completion of customer access for 
business in centres of economic and 
manufacturing activity: At least 
50,000 corporate users of advanced 
services. 
28 
7.2 High-speed information infrastructure 
development in Europe: accompanying 
measures on optical network 
interconnection. 
In a specific action, the European Parliament 
took the initiative in 1992 to provide financial 
resources to stimulate the interconnection of 
optical fibre networks through demonstration 
projects. The objective was to interconnect IBC 
islands and high-performance computing centres 
in different Member States. In implementation 
of this initiative, four projects were supported, 
each of which has helped to improve conditions 
for testing and analysing the impact of new 
services, applications and end-use systems. 
The ISABEL project interconnects two 
Broadband islands; The RIA network in 
Portugal and the RECIBA network in Spain. It 
is the first trans-border interconnection in the 
European Union to use two ATM cross-
connects. The interconnection trial has 
supported co-operative working and distance 
learning. It involved collaboration between " 
Telefonica I+D in Spain and CET in Portugal. The second application consists of a pilot 
experiment in remote learning using multi-media 
databases. The project has been managed by BT 
Northern Ireland, in collaboration with the 
University of Ulster, University College Dublin, 
Nynex Media Communications Ltd, Queens 
University Belfast, Telecom Eireann and MARI 
Northern Ireland. 
The BETEL project involves interconnection of 
three sites: CERN in Switzerland, Sophia 
Antipolis and Lyons in France. This is the first 
international network using ATM technology. 
The BETEL platform interconnects FDDI rings 
in a fully meshed network via routers and 
terminal adapters, 34 Mbps links and one ATM 
cross-connect. Applications include tele-
teaching, a physics analysis workstation and 
distributed computing. The platform was 
demonstrated at the InterOP '93 conference in 
October 1993. The work was co-ordinated by 
France Telecom Expertel and involved co­
operation with CERN, Alcatel CIT, the Ecole 
Polytechnique Fédérale in Lausanne, the Institut 
Êurecorh and the Institut National de Physique 
Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules. 
The TIRONET project involves the 
interconnection of a Metropolitan Area Network 
in Dublin and an SDH ring in Northern Ireland, 
using two 2 Mbit/s links. The project was 
demonstrated at the Communications '93 
exhibition in Dublin in late 1993. The first 
application on this interconnection was of Media 
Communication Software, operating between the 
exhibition site and a Nynex office in Antrim 
(Northern Ireland). It involved a multi-way 
divided conference with simultaneous multi­
media collaboration between the sites. Finally, the HPC-VISION project interconnects 
two Broadband islands in France and Germany. 
The applications supported are vision-based on­
line inspection of manufactured parts and 
robotics applications. The project is co­
ordinated by the University Louis Pasteur in 
Strasbourg, working with theFraunhofer Institut 
in Karlsruhe. 
29 
7.3 Interactive digital video ^services: 
Demonstration and standardisation 
support 
At its meeting on 16th June 1993, the European 
Council of Ministers adopted a resolution on 
advanced TV systems and invited the 
Commission to present a Communication on 
digital TV, addressing mechanisms to allow 
rapid agreement on common Community 
perspectives for market development and 
standardisation, and (if necessary) Community 
financial support in this area. 
The European Parliament in the end of June 
1993 approved a budget of 12 MECU for 
accompanying measures to RDT on digital 
image transmission. This permitted the 
Commission to launch a call for proposals with 
the following main objectives: 
acceleration of European consensus 
development on technical specifications for 
digital image transmission and system 
implementation strategies; 
demonstration of digital image transmission 
systems; 
social and economic implications of the 
transition to digital image transmission. 
Retained proposals address all three objectives. 
1. The first priority is the Euro-Image proposal 
presented by the European Digital Video 
Broadcasting (DVB) project which was 
created on Sept. 10, 1993 (by 117 
organisations). The purpose of the proposal 
is to create in Europe a framework for a 
harmonious and market driven development 
of digital TV via cable, sateUite and 
terrestrial broadcasting, ensuring an adequate 
amount of interests among broadcasters, 
operators, radio regulatory bodies and 
equipment manufacturers. The pre normative 
work will address satellite and cable 
modulation systems, common multiplex for 
all transport media, service-identification 
system based on MPEG-2 and consensus on 
DVB contributions to standardisation bodies. Due to the favourable conditions of the 
transmission media the pre-normativc work 
related to satellite and cable systems is more 
advanced than the work on terrestrial (over 
die air) TV. Proposal dTTb (Digital TV for 
Terrestrial Broadcasting) is the European 
project competing with the US initiative on 
terrestrial digital Advanced TV Broadcasting. 
In Southern Europe terrestrial and sateUite 
broadcasting is conrolemented by Single Mast 
Antenna TV (SMATV) systems that use a 
common antenna to receive the broadcast 
signals. This is distributed through cable in a 
building or group of buildings. The objective 
of project DIGISMATV is to develop the 
interrace from the digital signal received from 
sateUite or terrestrial and to adapt it for 
distribution in a community. ' 
A cheap Video Tape Recorder (VTR) that 
can be used both at home and in camcorders 
is necessary for HDTV to become part of 
affordable consumer electronics. This can 
only be made available through digital 
technology as demonstrated by RACE project 
R1001. DART-4 aims at demonstrating 
recording of MPEG like video services, 
background storage in future Personal Digital 
Assistants (PDAs), coupling of recorders to 
MPEG decoders and to ATM services, and at 
contributing to standardisation of digital 
video/data in world standardisation bodies. 
The progress of digital technologies applied 
to the transmission of audio-visual services 
introduces the capability of delivering several 
hundred channels to the end user through 
cable or sateUite networks. Project AMMIS 
(Advanced man-machine interface for 
programme selection in a digital TV 
multiplex) aims at developing and 
demonstrating advanced man-machine 
interfaces suited to programme selection and 
interactive viewing in the context of a very 
wide offer of TV programmes, and at 
analysing the impact of advanced man-
machine interfaces in the evolution of the 
digital TV terminal towards the 
"Telecomputer". It wiU also apply the MHEG 
standard for the programming of multimedia 
30 
and hypermedia objects in order to progress 
towards open multimedia systems. 
6. Proposals MEDIATE and DIWIC (Digital 
Wireless Cable) merged to form project 
DIMMP (Digital Microwave Multi-Point / 
Multi-channel Propagation). Whilst dTTb 
aims at digital TV transmission in the 
VHF/UHF bands where there is spectrum 
congestion but better propagation conditions, 
project DIMMP aims at the broadcasting of 
in excess of 100 channels in 2 GHz of 
bandwidth (in the US the FCC allocated the 
band 27.5-29.5 GHz). These Microwave 
Multi-point Distribution Systems (MMDS) 
have less favourable propagation conditions 
so they will need more dense transmitting 
. antenna coverage. They consist of cellular 
based networks offering terrestrial based 
propagation of video signals at microwave 
frequencies. Due to their very high channel 
(hundreds) capacity they are considered 
credible chaUengers to dTTb, DBS and 
CATV and are known in the US as wireless 
cable. 
7. ORACLE studies the conditions for the 
successful commercial introduction of 
image-based services and applications, and 
the impact of digital image transmission on 
the media industry and other early investors 
in the first generation of Integrated 
Broadband Communications services and 
applications. 
8. Digital distributive services such as Pay-per-
view, Video-on-Demand, Pay-TV and new 
multimedia services will rely more and more 
on personalised access. It would be 
inconvenient for the user to have individual 
de-scrambling and conditional access 
adapters for each individual programme he 
would like to receive. Project ACCOPI 
(Access Control and Copyright Protection for 
Images) develops a common functional model 
and demonstrator for access control that will 
permit users to have access to different 
programmes with the foUowing capabilities: 
reliability of key distribution, copyright 
protection efficiency, cost efficiency of the 
system including management. Interconnection via Fiber Optics 
Three projects (IBER, BETEUS, and 
INTREPID) are building on the experience 
drawn by ISABEL, BETEL, and TTRONET (see 
section 7.2). They wiU strengthen the existing 
interconnection activities by adding 
functionalities and connectivity to their existing 
interconnected testbeds. Once these are in place, 
the projects will implement the appropriate 
applications for multimedia demonstration 
purposes, leading to a better understanding on 
the issues related to image transmission in 
broadband networks. 
7.4 New service introduction and telework 
development 
A large number of office and information 
management work now involves the use of 
personal computers, electronic mail, file transfer 
and information access. A rapidly increasing 
proportion of these jobs can now be done outside 
a traditional centralised office environment, 
using telecommunications networks. New forms 
of working, including teleworking, are attractive 
to large businesses as they seek to reduce fixed 
costs by de-centralisation and moving their work 
closer to customers, and to small businesses as 
the^'form trans-border groupings to compete in 
European markets. 
The business sectors most involved are those 
with a high information content: 
In high added-value up-stream activities 
such as research, software development, 
product design; etc. 
In business management activities: 
Accounting, financial services, insurance 
claims processing, business services and 
«iformation management; etc. 
In media activities: journalism; publishing; 
TV, video services and games development; 
advertising and publicity services; etc. 
In retail and distribution: Transport fleet 
management; stock control; retail and 
customer services; commercial sales 
support; etc. 
31 
There are 50 million PCs in use in businesses in 
Europe, half of which have network access 
capabilities. There are already seven million 
business subscribers to mobile telephone 
systems: one million subscribers to GSM which 
can support electronic mail and data transfer as 
weU as voice communications. Estimates of the 
number of people teleworking for part the time 
are largely a question of definition. The 
potential is however large. Over 60% of the US 
and European workforce is involved in 
information management activities in the service 
sector. Even if only 10% of these made use of 
new information infrastructures to give them and 
their employers more 
flexibility, there could be 10 million occasional, 
part-time and full-time teleworkers in Europe. 
At the European Summit in Copenhagen, the 
President of the European Commission 
highlighted the importance of rapid development 
of new frameworks for co-operation between 
businesses in Europe, of the development of 
performant trans-European transport and 
telecommunications infrastructures, and the 
creation of a common "information space" within 
which de-centralised economic activity can 
develop through interactions between small 
businesses. He stressed the need to create a 
European network of training facilities for new 
skills and the need to encourage distance 
working, from the achievements of social policies 
in the Member States of the Union. 
In the context of EU actions related to advanced 
communications developments, on 21st June 
1993 the Commission of the European 
Communities decided on a new set of 
preparatory actions. It invited proposals for 
actions to stimulate experimentation and 
implementation of transnational telework 
systems in Europe and to assess their social, 
environmental and economic impacts. Over 120 
proposals were received by the Commission 
services by the deadline of 3rd September 1993. 
The proposals involved 403 different 
organisations from all 12 Member States of the 
Union, plus 4 of the countries of EFTA (Austria, 
Finland, Sweden and Norway) and five other 
countries (Bulgaria, Canada, Morocco, Malaysia 
and the USA). Trje strength of the response to the Call for 
proposals, and the high standing of the 
organisations involved, confirms that teleworking 
is now a major area of interest and commitment. 
Great strides have been made in the development 
of the core and supporting technologies, but there 
is now an urgent need to understand the 
organisational, social, legal and fiscal changes 
that may be needed to allow these new forms of 
working to develop in a coherent way in the 
Member States of the Union, and to develop 
across national borders in a second phase of 
consolidation of the European Economic Area. 
Teleworking development has emerged as a 
major theme in the RACE programme. In 
addition, the Member States of the Union agreed 
to complement this R&D with a wider "concerted 
action" on telework, tourism and telematic 
support for small businesses. The European 
Community Telework/Telematics Forum 
(ECTF) has been set up as the framework for 
this action. It provides a framework for 
exchange of information and experience, and a 
forum for development of a common vision. 
During 1992 and 1993, seminars have been 
organised in North Holland, Galicia and 
Mallorca (Spain), Wales and Cambridge (UK), 
Tuscany (Italy), Bonn (Germany), Sophia 
Antipolis (France), Chios (Greece) and in 
connection with major international conferences 
in the UK and Montpellier (France). Over 1000 
companies have already participated in the 
information exchange activities: All the major 
equipment manufacturers are involved, the major 
European telecommunications network operators 
are active participants and sponsors of the 
initiative, and a growing number of companies 
undergoing restructuring are now looking to 
telework and flexible working arrangements. 
The activities of the Forum will be supported in 
1994 by an Action Plan for stimulation of 
telework in Europe. The Action Plan will consist 
of 2 pilot demonstrations of telework in 
decentralisation of large organisations; 6 
demonstrations of trans-European networked 
telework centres; 5 demonstrations of trans-
border small business networking, and one 
32 
analysis of telework as a mechanism of urban 
and inter-urban traffic decongestion. 
Supporting actions will involve analysis of 
requirements for, and constraints to 
organisational restructuring; analysis of legal 
and regulatory constraints to transborder 
telework in the European Economic Area; 
identification of telework technologies and 
systems, and codes of practice for management 
of telework. In addition, the actions will involve 
the setting up of a regional "help desks" for 
organisations wishing to introduce telework, 
particularly across borders; reinforcement of the 
EC Telework Forum, and compilation of 
information on European trends in the 
development of telework. 
These actions illustrate the range of situations 
and sectors in which managed telework can 
contribute to both economic development and a 
new flexibility in employment. The trials and 
demonstrations cover a wide range of new 
employment opportunities; from networks of 
telework centres for the disabled to the 
collaboration of highly trained engineers in 
nuclear power plants. They will demonstrate the 
opportunities and advantages of de-centralisation 
of employment to less favoured regions, 
particularly rural areas, and new opportunities 
for employment within the European Union in 
provision of specialised services to developing 
countries. 
7.5. Research co-operation with less favoured 
regions and with central and eastern 
Europe. 
At the initiative of the European Parliament, and 
following the re-inforcement of budget 
provisions for accompanying measures to the 
Union's research and development actions in July 
1993, the Commission invited proposals for 
regional initiatives in the area of advanced 
communications and telematics, to enable 
organisations in less favoured regions of the 
Union to participate more easily and fully in 
future EU RTD actions, and to strengthen 
scientific and research collaboration in central 
and eastern Europe. The seven projects which 
will start in January 1994 cover these areas. The objectives are: 
to stimulate the establishment of research 
and supporting facilities in less favoured 
regions in order to enable a greater 
participation of organisations, particularly 
small businesses, in future EU research and 
technology development in the areas of 
advanced communications and telematics, 
and 
to establish teleworking facilities and 
networks in central and eastern Europe in 
order to strengthen research links with the 
European Union. 
These actions are complementary to those 
carried out under the Action Plan for stimulation 
of telework in Europe, and will complement the 
development of research infrastructures in the 
Union under the STRIDE and TELEMATIQUE 
programmes, and research information access 
and technology transfer actions in the VALUE 
and SPRINT programmes. 
7.5.1 Establishment of advanced 
communications and telematics 
research and supporting facilities in 
less favoured regions of the European 
Union 
The objective is to stimulate the establishment of 
research and supporting facilities in less 
favoured regions in order to enable a greater 
participation of organisations, particularly small 
businesses, in future EU research and technology 
development in the areas of advanced 
communications and telematics. 
The projects cover contributions to: 
the establishment of research facilities in 
less favoured regions of general interest to 
organisations throughout the Union and 
supporting facilities in less favoured regions 
that can be of general value to EU R&D; 
the development of advanced 
communications services both to facilitate 
access to information and co-operative 
working with partners in the development 
33 
and execution of R&D projects, and as a 
research tool for experimentation with new 
uses of advanced communications and 
telematic systems; 
the development of a network of 
organisations which can work together in 
the stimulation of interest in EU R&D, in 
stimulation of working contacts between 
scientists, researchers and industry 
(particularly SMEs) throughout Europe, 
and in research exploitation by SMEs. 
The BINET project (G1001) wiU plan, develop, 
install, configure and operate an Advanced 
Broadband Interconnection Network, based on 
ATM technology, linking four 
telecommunications research and development 
centres in Spain and Portugal and a high-tech 
Industrial Park in Portugal. This will build on 
the BETEL project and extend the Trans-
European ATM trial into Spain and Portugal, 
stimulate usage on this trial network, and allow 
the interconnection to other research networks 
and R&D laboratories in other European 
countries. 
The SUNRISE project will plan, develop, install, 
configure and operate a VSAT-based system for 
research collaboration between small and 
medium-sized businesses and universities in the 
less favoured regions of Greece, Italy, Portugal 
and Ireland. It will be based on the systems 
developed for distance learning in the JANUS 
projects (DELTA) and wiU involve the 
identification of businesses and universities with 
complementary research interests in the less 
favoured regions using a geographical 
information system on the socio-economic 
characteristics of less favoured regions. 
The EPRI-NET project wiU establish research 
and supporting facilities in the less favoured 
regions in Spain and east Germany in order to 
enable a greater participation of organisations, 
particularly small businesses, in future EU 
research and technology development in the areas 
of advanced communications and telematics. A 
VSAT network will be established in Spain and 
east Germany, connecting some 100 central 
contact points, open to all less favoured regions of the European Union. It will also be extendible 
to Central and Eastern Europe. 
The INTELLEC project will facilitate and 
stimulate the research co-operation between 
SMEs and universities in both the Irish Republic 
and the UK province of Northern Ireland, with 
organisations in other regions of the European 
Union. It will involve a significant improvement 
to the international inter-operation of systems for 
research information exchange to and from 
Ireland and the identifications of complementary 
research interests of a wide range of 
organisations. The project will provide logistical 
and co-ordination support to four "common 
interest groups" in the areas of R&D in IT, 
telecommunications and telematics; in publishing 
applications; in related software development, 
and in education and training applications and 
initiatives. 
The WISE project will build on the very 
extensive INTERNET systems of inter-operating 
research information networks, to which over 
200,000 European research organisations are 
already connected, to facilitate access to 
information in a simple and consistent way by 
organisations throughout Europe, including 
SMEs in less favoured regions. The project will 
complement the actions of the SUNRISE, EPRI-
NET and INTELLEC projects, as well as the 
new actions in central and eastern Europe. 
Special actions will be taken in Germany and 
Portugal to ensure that there are appropriate 
access facilities to world-wide information 
systems. 
7.5.2 Science and technology teleworking 
and information relay networks in 
central and eastern Europe 
At the initiative of the European Parliament, the 
European Union is implementing a number of 
actions to strengthen scientific and technical 
links between the European Union and 
researchers in central and eastern Europe. 
During 1992, a first series of actions involving 
support for a mobility scheme, for conferences, 
34 
workshops and seminars, and for joint research 
projects was launched. 
Access to information and the ability to 
collaborate across national boundaries with 
colleagues with similar scientific and technical 
interests is the lifeblood of research. At the 
initiative of the European Parliament, additional 
resources have been made available in 1993 to 
re-inforce and further stimulate working contacts 
between scientists and researchers throughout 
Europe. 
These additional actions are is intended to be of 
practical and immediate benefit to as large a 
number of scientists and researchers as possible, 
within the framework of a coherent 
implementation of scientific teleworking 
networks and research information relay centres. 
The actions complement the development of 
research irifrastructures in central and eastern 
Europe under the PHARE and TACIS 
programmes, and research information access 
and technology transfer actions in the IMPACT, 
VALUE and SPRINT programmes. 
The objective is to establish teleworking 
facilities, research information networks and 
relay centres in central and eastern Europe in 
order to strengthen research links with the 
European Union, particularly through 
development and use of advanced 
communications, telematics and information 
services, allowing scientists and researchers to 
collaborate freely with their colleagues in the 
Union. The TELESERVE project (C1002), in 
partnership with National Authorities, will 
identify scientists and researchers in a target list 
of 15 countries. It wiU procure and deliver PCs 
and modems and ensure that the identified 
scientists can connect to international services. 
Existing networks and local services will be used 
wherever possible. 
The project will provide an easily used English 
language interface, initial training and on-going 
support. It is expected that of the order of 2000 
end users in central and eastern Europe will be 
linked to European telematics networks 
supporting teleworking and research information 
exchange by 1995. 
The ESATT project (C1001) will take a longer 
term approach. It will involve a review of 
currently available information sources, an 
assessment of the needs of scientists and 
researchers in eastern Europe, and draw up a 
functional and management profile for science 
and technology relay centres. The project will 
organise a major regional conference on telework 
and information services in late 1994. 
35 
8. Future requirements and options for R&D on communications technologies at 
European level. 
In June 1992, the RACE Management 
Committee set up an ad-hoc group to 
identify priorities for future European 
R&D in the area of telecommunications. 
The report of the group is was reproduced 
in the Final report of Phase I of the RACE 
programme (Ref. Final report on Phase I of 
RACE (1988-1992) COM(93)118; March 
1993). 
Many of these ideas and themes for future 
EU R&D were reflected in the 
Commission's Working Document of the 
4th Framework Programme, notably in the 
proposed themes of "Image technologies", 
"high-performance computing and 
networks", "functional integration in 
manufacturing" and "Advanced 
Communications". A total of 407 participations from 17 
countries were made to the eight workshops 
which covered: 
Multimedia image communication and 
digital TV; 
Technologies for photonic networks; 
High speed networks; 
Mobility and personal 
communications; 
Intelligence in networks and service 
engineering; 
Quality of service, security and safety 
in communications networks and 
services; 
Service usage trials; 
Horizontal actions in support of the 
above. 
In preparation for the follow-up of RACE, 
sector actors were invited to contribute 
views on the requirements and options in 
Advanced Communications Technologies 
and Services (ACTS) during the latter part 
of 1993. From these contributions, a first 
draft document - Requirements and 
Options in ACTS - was prepared and 
distributed for comment. In October and 
November, a series of workshops was held 
to refine and develop the ideas offered. The results from the workshops were 
consolidated into a second draft document, 
distributed to the workshop participants, 
which is currently under review following 
comments received. This material will 
form the basis for the development of a 
workplan for the proposed ACTS 
Programme. 
36 
RACE II Mid Term Review r:\race\rnidterm\draft2.D0C 
Status : 08/02/1994 
Annex I 
PROJECT CONTRIBUTIONS TO RACE OBJECTIVES 
Area 1: IBC (Integrated Broadband Communications) R&D 
Project Main Deliverable^) Impact 
R2001 WTDM A pilot broadband customer premises Pilot implementation of IBC which confirms the advantages 
network (CPN) using wavelength and time of optica] technology. More widespread introduction of IBC 
multiplexing techniques (WTDM) eased by the development of optical components supporting 
installed in a broadcasting production high density WDM (2nm) and high bitrate TDM. 
centre (NRK), and used to support TV 
productions operations. 
R2005 MODAL Optically supported micro-wave and Exploits the synergy from intercomectiôn of optical fibre 
millimetre wave antennae systems for network to mobile/wireless systems in a cost-effective 
broadband/personal communication. Two manner 
demonstrators will be built operating at 30 
GHz & 60 GHz respectively. 
R2006 WELCOME Highly advanced, fully packaged and Provides high performance components necessary for 
system tested quantum well (QW)-based enhancing IBC, to be used in the next generation of (higher 
components, discrete and monolithically speed) trans-European fibre networks 
integrated. Includes ISSOnm transmitters 
and 980nm pump lasers for high speed* 
systems operating at and beyond lOGbit/s. 
R2010 POPCORN Low cost, high performance polymeric Substantial cost reduction of passive optical components, 
passive components for single mode essential for cost-effective fibre customer access connections 
optical networks, including fully packaged 
power splitters, star couplers, wavelength 
multiplexers, and hybrid InP devices. 
R2011 TRAVEL Technology to upgrade existing fibre Enables the speed and capacity of existing fibre links to be 
networks to 10Gbit/s or 20Gbit/s increased, while ensuring compatibility with next-generation 
networks 
R2012 HIPOS 40Gbit/s Optical Time Division Multiplex Ultra-high capacity networks can be realised by Optical 
(OTDM) transmission system, using ultra- Time Division Multiplexing 
fast (2ps) polymer-based all-optical 
switches. 
R2013 EDIOLL A wholly new class of optically pumped, Such devices have a wide range of key applications in future 
integrated lasers in LiNbOj material, optical networks, including high-speed and analogue 
including tuneable and mode-locked systems, 
lasers. Monolithic integration of lasers 
and modulators. 
R2014 FIRST A FTTH trial in Aveiro using passive Promotes understanding of how to introduce fibres into the 
optical access network. Supply of optical local loop cost effectively, and a common European 
amplifiers, optical transmitters and approach to standardisation of fibre local access, 
receivers, and utilisation of sub carrier 
multiplexing for telephony. Trial includes 
network management Demonstration of 
analogue and digital TV distribution. A 
study and a tool for life cycle prediction. 
R201S ARTEMIS Optical fibre sub-systems for use in the Provides essential technology for future generations of 
generation of ultra-short pulses, optical networks, operating at speeds of 40Gbit/s and 
amplification, switching and transmission. beyond. 
R2016 Evaluation of string mode algorithm. Will drastically improve the throughput of broadband 
STRATOSPHERIC implementation specifications for a high networks while gaining from statistical multiplexing. These 
speed switch and string mode. specifications support the implementation by R2023 
(UNOM) of two ATM broadband demonstrators operating at 
up to 2.3 GBit/s. 
^K 
R2018GAIN Realisation of optical fluoride fibre F^nrff the perfbnnanoe and capabilities of the optical 
amplifiers for all three opticd transmission networks. Improves the quality of service and reduces costs, 
windows 800nm, 1300nm and lSOOnm. 
An analysis of the impact of these 
components on network design. 
R2024BAF Techno-economic evaluation of four Important contribution to reduction of infiaatnichire coats in 
broadband FTTH access systems, the Access Network. Part of a major effort to refine cost-
Technical imputations of choice of access effective introductkn scenario*, 
system, including fibre management at the 
exchange, and ease of supporting various 
services. 
R2028MWTN A demonstrator of an all-optical transport This system changes the topology and increases the capacity 
layer. Comprising a multi-wavelength of optical networks and enables advanced network 
transport network based on a combination management techniques, The advanced components will be 
of optical amplifiers, optical switches, exploited in new products to advance the introduction of 
tuneable optical filters and lasers. IBC. 
R2038 FLUOR Pr-doped optical amplifiers at 1300nm The availability of optical amplifiers at 1300nm enables 
wavelength, based on novel halide glasses. existing fibre networks to be upgraded, with increased 
capacity. 
R2039ATMOS A demonstration of new concepts for Provides viable solutions for the introduction of optical 
achieving high speed (>2.5Gbh/s) and switching. Impacts the cost and performance of ATM-based 
high capacity switching systems (Tbit/s) networks supporting IBC. 
for ATM based optical networks. 
R2048HTBITS New electro-optical interconnection Reduces the costs of interconnection and of broadband 
technology that solves intercom problems switching equipment 
inside a broadband switch. A feasibility 
study of 2.4 Gbit/s self routing ATM 
switches. 
R2062 COMFORT Erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) A range of commercially sound components, for the 
technology and component packaging. A implementation of cost effective fibre-to-the-home networks, 
totally integrated broadband network to be Some of these components are already being exploited 
built as a demonstrator. commercially. 
R2065 COBRA Three demonstrations of coherent muhi- Coherent wavelength multiplexing increases the capacity of 
channel systems (CMC): optical networks, giving inherent advantages in transmission 
Videoconferencing at 140Mbit/s; Flexible transparency and flexibility. Demonstrators increase 
business connections at 155MbhVs; awareness of performance capabilities. 
Transmission and routing of digital 
HDTV. 
R2068 LACE The development and implementation of a Demonstrates mat ATM technology being introduced within 
broadband Customer Premises Network, the public B-ISDN is able to support connectionless services 
(CPN) including ATM switching and between LANs in customer premises, as previously achieved 
Gigabit LAN elements. Demonstration of e.g. via leased lines, 
a practical application in co-operation with 
actual users. 
R2069 UFOS Tuneable semiconductor lasers operating Reduction of cost of lasers through increased production 
at a higher speed and at higher yield. Reduced cost of systems through a higher 
temperatures. A low cost single frequency environmental tolerance and higher output power. These 
laser. DFB Lasers with 3nm turning range lasers are designed particularly for exploitation in coherent 
and DBR lasers with over 30 nm tuning and WDM systems, 
range. CAD package for design of lasers. 
Development of low cost packaging 
techniques. 
R2070 MUNDI Design and construction of two Major impact on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) 
demonstrators: one based on a moderate technology, providing key components and demonstrating 
density WDM for distributive systems cost savings and performance benefits for both distributive 
(digital multi-channel TV) and another and interactive service provision, 
based on higher density WDM for 
interactive service provision. 
Vî 
R2073 OMAN A common 'core' Opto-Electronic Coat-reduction of tokcoms equipment and systems by using 
Integrated Circuit (OEIC) chip OEICs in volume manufacture, 
manufacturing and packaging technology 
for future use in European foundries. 
Production of several prototype OEICs 
R2088 TOPIC A verification technology for IBC, Validates standards related to QoS and network performance, 
including a methodology and a tool set for Major contribution to standards on FDTs(e.g. SDL, LOTOS 
Quality of Service (QoSX validated extensions with features for handling timing and performance 
through a demonstrator using real IBC properties). Fnhnr"— capabilities to test broadband 
environment components which have to operate and interwork to achieve 
a given QoS delivered to users. 
R2096 BUM Implementable specification of the User Enables service and terminal providers to test and 
Network Interface (UNI/Tg interface) demonstrate their experimental equipment m ^ 
taking into account emerging concepts, network environment Increased leadership of partners in 
Experimental broadband switched network related topics (SDH, SDH/ATM relationship) and strongly 
incorporating results from several RACE influences the development of products and standards 
I projects on which the UNI interface can activities. Impact on the development of components and 
be validated products. Creates synergy between activities of several 
projects and provides a testbed for RACE activities. 
R2097ATD Studies on ATM specific issues: traffic, Availability of a testbed for RACE II activities. Development 
signalling, network management, of ATM technology and increased awareness of the 
evolution and network introduction implications of the adoption of pure ATM principles, 
planning. Development of components and Availability of ATM components and products paving the 
integration of a technology testbed way towards commercialisation. Strong impact on standards 
incorporating a representative of all the bodies activities (ETSI, ITU-TS). 
main network elements, both from CPN 
and public networks (terminal adapters, 
residential and business NT2, NT1, local 
and transit exchanges, remote units). 
R2103 CAPS Low cost components for fibre customer Substantial cost reduction in optical network transceivers, 
access systems, based on Active Silicon leading to commercial implementation of fibre access for the 
integrated Optical Circuit (ASOC) residential sector, 
manufacturing technology. 
R2109 LIASON 1 x N lossless optical splitter implemented Cost effective implementation of the customer access 
as an active integrated planar waveguide connection by fibre networks, 
device operating at 1550nm wavelength. 
R2121 BISIA An ATM based access network for new Reduced cost and timescales for introduction of broadband 
interactive services to private homes, using interactive services in the residential sector, 
existing infrastructures where appropriate. 
Project Main Deliverable^) Impact 
R2002 GEMA Evaluation and enhancement of Generic Improvement of the technology and robustness of 
Maintenance tools and technology by maintenance tools intended to maintain large heterogeneous 
implementation of demonstrators in two communications networks. 
R2003 MOBILISE The concept, services and architecture for Personal communications will provide all users with 
a Personal Services Communications transparent accesa to a personalised profile of services on an 
Space (PSCS). Demonstration of the international scale, 
preliminary application of a PSCS Mail 
Service. 
R2004 PREPARE A communications management Expedites the introduction of inter-operable management 
demonstrator specifically tailored to products in the market Explores new technologies to manage 
validate end-to-end inter-domain end-to-end connectivity in an heterogeneous environment 
management issues (e.g. interfaces, Impacts on standardisation (x interface and VPNs) and on the 
protocols, managed objects, relationship work of EURESCOM. 
between service and network 
management). The testbed includes ATM 
nodes, DQDB ATM nodes, ATM 
switching capabilities and a number of 
token rings. 
R2021 DESSERT Application of Intelligent Decision Gives service providers the ability to take "informed 
Support Systems (DSS) for Service decisions" regarding service provision. Advances the 
Management Provision of an application of AIP to telecommunications, 
architecture, AIP technologies, 
recommendations and a tool kit 
environment 
R2041 PRISM Definition of reference configurations for Strong impact on the design of future service management 
the management of IBC services, the systems. Major contributions to Common Functional 
associated resources and the external Specifications and to standards bodies. Strong potential 
access to those management services. The impact in international initiatives, e.g. Eurescom. 
generic results (e.g. on customer access to 
management facilities, security in service 
management) are applied to VPN and 
UPT. Development of ISM Stax database 
and a PRISM animation package. 
R2059ICM Definition of a TMN architecture and Furthers the design, production and validation of TMN and 
functions to be implemented in 4 different IBC network components. Provides management 
BB networks in order to demonstrate components to operational TMN systems being upgraded to 
components integration, to verify IBC. 
performance and to evaluate results. Also 
development and use of a network 
simulator. 
R2104 PERCOM Specify, design and implement a Personal PERCOM bridges the gap between conceptual work carried 
Communications Space (PCS) Service out in R2003 and the practical realisation of PCS. 
Node. 
0 
Area 3: Mobile and Personal Communications 
Project Main Deliverable^) Impact 
R2007 PLATON Algorithms for the planning of third Contribution to the software toob available for planning 
generation mobile systems third generation mobite oomnainioation systems 
——»———— ——— ——«^————»^^—<— ——^—.^—___——— , 
R2020 CODIT Definition of radio protocol requirements Impact on the specifications for spread-spectrum based, 
and architecture. Functional specification multiple access schemes applicable to 3rd generation mobile 
of a test bed. Implementation of a radio conxnunkatkn systems, in particular through the 
channel simulator. Channel measurements development of a real time testbed. 
to produce a preliminary propagation 
model 
R2066 MONET Definition of UMTS requirements and Contributes to the specification of third generation mobile 
constraints. UMTS network scenarios and communication systems, in particular through the 
key functions. UMTS services aefinhion. aevelo|«»c«ofsimilatkntools. 
Specifications of the simulation tools. 
Draft requirements for UPT and UMTS on 
IN concepts. Allocation of security 
services and service levels. 
R2067MBS Demonstrator specifications, system Contributes to the specification of future broadband mobile 
architecture and functionality. Definition communication systems in the 60 GHz frequency band, in 
ofthe radio sub-system requirements. particular through the development of a laboratory testbed. 
R2084 ATDMA Advanced Time Division Multiple Access Contributes to the standardisation of ATDMA schemes 
(ATDMA) system definition and applicable to 3rd generation mobile communication systems, 
specification of a real time testbed. in particular through the development of a real time testbed. 
Construction of channel models from 
actual propagation measurements. 
Identification of key fixed network issues 
related to mobile access. Contributions 
towards the definition of common test 
scenarios. 
R2108 TSUNAMI Technological development and field trials Contributions to standards bodies based on the impact of 
in adaptive antennas for mobile adaptive antenna technologies to the UMTS, 
applications. Optimum component 
architectures and designs, antenna array 
design and associated control algorithms. 
Examines the interaction between adaptive 
antenna technologies and the multiple 
access schemes (CDMA and TDMA). 
R2117 SAINT Operational and functional requirements Contributes to standardisation in ETSI SMGS, in a number 
for UMTS satellite integration, of aspects concerning the integration of the satellite 
Development of UMTS-SatellHe component into the UMTS, 
component integration scenario. 
Interworking of the satellite component 
with other networks. 
R2123 GIRAFE Low voltage, low power and high- Reduced battery consumption, yielding savings in weight, 
integration components for use in mobile volume and cost of mobile terminals 
terminals 
/ 1 
Area 4: Image and Data Communications 
R2026DART Technology demonstrator and standards Will enable all HDTV and IBC services in consumer 
for digital video tape recorder for markets, 
consumers, using MPEG2 + ATM 
formatted services. 
R2045DISTIMA Demonstrator of complete digital Improved TV applications in industry (MPEG2). 
stereoscopic TV system: camera, ATM 
transmission, and display. 
R2052MONALISA Electronic set dentonstrator (ELSET) Reduction of TV program production costs through the real-
integrating technologies required for the tone mixing of real and synthetic images and advances in 
construction, handling and fast synthesis of generic analysis-synthesis image systems. 
3D models for creating image sequences. 
R20S3 MORPHECO Software demonstrator of a second- Contribution to emerging standards for second-generation 
generation object-based coding and very-low nitrate coding such as MPEG4. 
decoding scheme for still and moving 
images. 
R205S TRANSIT Hardware demonstrators of high-quality Provides solutions to bridge the gap between different image 
image format conversion systems, oriented formats, facilitating the convergence of video and computer 
towards future consumer markets. technologies 
R2056 AMICS Data structures for an open architecture The harmonisation of image formats enabling better image 
for multimedia image communications • a exchange, 
demonstrator of an image interchange 
gateway. 
R2064 FLASH-TV Innovative modulation and coding Speeds-up the development of HDTV in Europe by 
schemes with improved availability of demonstrating the feasibility of contribution links for high-
service and high picture quality, for quality television, 
satellite contribution links interworking 
with ATM. 
R2072 MAVT New Coding Algorithms for UMTS and Leading the fields of very low bitrate audio and video 
DECT, optimising low bitrate coding in coding, and mobile transmission of audio-visual services, 
terms of video and audio coding delay. Supports the introduction of new applications into the 
Some based on current standards (H.261, existing DECT and GSM networks. Key player in the 
MPEG, JPEG) and others based on development of a joint European proposal for the MPEG 4 
developing standards. Definitions of audio coding standard, 
and video services suitable for mobile use, 
and input video formats for those services. 
R2075 HD-SAT Implementation of the final demonstrator Demonstration of a cost effective system delivering studio 
for wide RF band high definition digital quality images to the home. Proposals for W-HDTV 
TV (W-HDTV) via satellite cable and standards. 
ATM. 
R2082 DTTB Standards proposals for a European digital Speeds-up the transition to a more efficient terrestrial TV 
terrestrial TV transmission system - A transmission system, 
demonstrator of such a system, 
interworking with cable and ATM. 
R2105 DIAMOND Demonstration of Video on Demand Speeds-up the introduction of multimedia retrieval services 
service chains on ADSL and CaTV with a like Video on Demand, 
low cost delivery platform, video on 
demand server and application 
management system. 
R2110 HAMLET Hardware demonstrator of an MPEG2 Enables other projects to demonstrate MPEG2-based real-
scaleable TV/HDTV encoder (high 1440, time digital TV/HDTV broadcasting, paving the way to the 
spatial and SNR scaleability). introduction of digital TV services. 
R2111 MOSAIC Reliable methods for the subjective Improves the assessment of audio visual communication 
assessment of image quality and systems, 
degradation. 
/ 1 
R2122 COUGAR Demonstrator of flexible codec hardware 
miplementing the MPEG-2 video coding 
standard at SNR Profile and Main level 
VHDL models of video codec 
architectural blocks, design and 
fabrication of specific VLSI devices and 
investigation of source pre-conditioning, 
especially for images derived from film. Rapid pull-through into European chip-sets, equipment and 
systems - of the large body of knowledge and experience 
gained by European researchers in the development of the 
MPEG video coding standards. 
Area 5; Service Engineering ^ 
Project Main Deliverable^) Impact 
R2009rPSNin Specification of a terminal emulator. A Increases the range of people actively seeking to take up 
n^-fr«ii«m to support effective design of usage of IBC services. 
user-to-service interfaces. 
R2017 SCORE The development and evaluation of Such methods and tools for creating a wide range of services 
methods and tools for service creation. mat can be implemented seamlessly, over the heterogeneous 
networks of Europe. 
R2049 CASSIOPEIA Open Service Architectural framework Paves the way to the adoption of international standards in 
(OSA) supporting a service engineering the area of OSA. Provides a diversity of telecom actors with 
environment able to promote the quick the means for cost effective provision and management of 
introduction of new and enhanced services, advanced broadband services, 
and their management 
R2076 BOOST An object oriented service creation Such tools shorten the time required to bring proven services 
environment, based on adaptation of to the market and will significantly contribute to the uptake 
existing software engineering tools. of "service engineering" by the service industry. 
R2089 ASCOT Defines a usage framework model and a Results of considerable significance to service providers 
usage reference model for service having to cope with the requirements for configurability, 
configuration. 
R2092 LUSI Guidelines for broadband user-service Better service penetration and take up of such services, 
interfaces. Creates design targets for user- within what will become a competitive market 
service interfaces for use by the general 
public. 
R2094 MITS User service interface models and Practical support for designers of Computer Supported Co-
metaphors specification for those operative Working (CSCW) and multimedia services during 
interfaces. the design of user-service interfaces. 
R2114 DRAGON Practical demonstration of the feasibility Practical validation of ISE concepts. Transfer of technology, 
of applying RACE concepts for the and generation of interest for commercial exploitation, 
provision of Services on top of real 
broadband networks. 
R2124 EURSAF Definition of an extended ISE architectural Stimulate adoption of ISE principles by both TOs and SPs. 
framework and of a migration path from Influence standards and other world-wide initiatives, 
current state-of-the-art practice towards 
advanced architectures. Liaison with 
standards and other world-wide initiatives. 
US 
Area 6; Information Security 
Project Main Deliverable^) Impact 
R20S0 Me&odology framework. Increased awareness of the comptoxiry of supplying security 
PALINDROME m multi-domain, mnlri servir» environments. 
R2051 SESAME Working set of components and protocols Ealanaian of scope of secure distributed amplications and 
forming me architectural framework. operations, based on a set of protocols, services, and assured 
lists slsmsnti; hacked up by astahushnia* of international 
said industry standards. 
R2057 SECURENET Architectural design and functional Shows the fcasmflily of applying novel techniques for 
specifications for active protection system. stftwork protection. 
R2058 SAMSON Prototypes of management services Provides a fhsnework for the mssiagejncit of security in 
integrated mto a security management iisiwarked environments» 
system. 
R2113 Prototype system for real-time, active Shows the commercial feasibility of protecting networks m 
SECURENET H network protection against malicious an sutnmated fsshion 
software. 
i,i 
10 
Area 7; Advanced Communication Experiments 
R2008 EUROBRIDGE Implementation of several service Availability of EuroBridge services in several IBC Islands in 
prototypes, integrated on one service Europe, demonstrably able to support a range of applications 
platform. These include: multimedia mail, and to inter-work trans-national ry on existing networks, 
video conference, distributed co-operative 
work, remote multimedia database access 
and security services. These services 
support in a flexible manner, several IBC 
application trials. 
R2019 AGORA Determines the future evaluation needs of Provided rural applications projects in RACE with a direct 
rural applications, and brings together key links to related policy initiatives and work in other RTD 
actors in the rural broadband sector. programmes. 
R2022 BARBARA Feasibility studies and functional Raised awareness of the potential of advanced 
specifications for rural telesbopping and communications for rural communities, 
tele-twinning of schools. Assessment of 
usage requirements.. 
R2025 MIMIS A multimedia demonstrator providing Contributions to standards in the domain of conferencing, 
conference and co-operative work facilities Promotion of market awareness for multimedia conferencing 
based on ATM networking. systems based on future ATM network technologies. 
R2027BANK Definition and implementation of pilot Validation of application concept' to use multimedia 
systems providing multimedia services and broadband services to support common financial functions 
common financial functions to the banking within the banking environment 
sector. 
R2029 ESSAI A telesbopping system to be installed at Pioneers public-site telesbopping services, 
public trial sites in Milan and Basle, 
selling real goods to real customers for real 
money. 
R2030 APTITUDE Implements a teleworking system for Increases awareness of the opportunities presented by new 
decentralised regions. teleworking applications. 
R2031 PAGEIN Trials super-computing in a heterogeneous Stimulating the adoption of high performance networking in 
terminal and network environment, the aerospace sector, 
demonstrating remote collaborative 
design. 
R2033 Definition of a set of requirements for end- Reduction of social service costs. Identification of the needs 
TELECOMMUNITY user groups, addressing issues of for video-telephony m this sector, 
older/disabled people. 
R2034 EDID Demonstration of collaborative design in Commercial products, enhancing the competitiveness of the 
the aerospace industry, based on ATM European aerospace industry, 
technology and a high speed LAN. 
R2035 TIBAS Definition of a series of services for the Creates awareness of the possibilities to reduce production-
automotive and automotive supply cycle times through use of advanced communications, 
industries. 
R2036 TRAPPIST Definition of standards and working Stimulating demand for high capacity services: NDT 
procedures for distributed, non-destructive methods will be one of the most 'bandwidth-hungry' 
testing (NTD) methods. Definition and industrial applications, 
implementation of field trials for 
validation. 
R2037 DIDOS Trials a distributed service centre concept Provides a sound understanding of common requirements 
in publishing and communications, and identifies integration synergies lor applications in this 
specifically in technical documentation for sector, 
manufacturing industry. 
R2040MOEBIUS A mobile (containerised) multimedia test Demonstrates the benefits of advanced communications in 
and application platform, having access marine and remote terrestrial applications, 
through the INMARSAT satellite network 
to the ISDN. 
47 
11 
R2042 Trials of an open publishing architecture, Leads to a flexible, dvtributed but integrated pubushing 
EUROPUBLISHING including distributed document system avauabte throughout Europe. 
management, access to image archives, on-
hne delivery of multimedia publications, 
and the tracking of editorial and 
production processes. 
R2043RAMA A pioneering multimedia information Enhances public accessibility of cultural •treasures' protected 
service for major European museums by lwiaonma Supports naihhnedia tele-working and tele-
Allows remote access to museum archives learning applications., 
for researchers, publishers, students etc. 
throughout Europe. 
R2046ARAMIS Trials an aircraft maintenance information Seeks to inyrove the management of aircraft maintenance at 
system through a real-time distributed remote sites. Demonstrates the efficiency of reducing 
application. Uses digitised aircraft decision time and out-service costs, 
maintenance information in a multimedia 
environment Study on the organisational 
impact of such capabilities. ' 
R2047VERA Four application experiments exploiting Expands the electronic support available to rural enterprises, 
distributed multimedia systems in the nuking them more effective in their own markets of e.g. 
agriculture sector. cattle breeding, dairy production and animal/crop disease 
control 
R2054 VTRMAS Develops and tests broadband monitoring Introduces new concepts in visual verification to the security 
and surveillance equipment industry. 
R2063 D1TTTO Definition and implementation of field Contributes to the evolving structure and functioning of the 
trials for distributed multimedia case- future office environment 
handling systems in the insurance sector. 
R2071 CHARISMA Implements a distributed generic case Validates and promotes applications requiring advanced 
handling system based on an ATM communications technologies in the area of case handling, 
network. 
R2077 Specification of a teleshopping application Will be developed as a commercial system, addressing the 
TELEMARKETPLACE exploiting existing phone and CATV tele-shopping mass-market 
networks, using advanced speech 
recognition equipment 
R2078TIM Investigates the use of a Europe-wide Creates new commercial opportunities by enabling direct 
network of multimedia information control of tourism product development and marketing 
services to support the marketing of travel amongst point-of-offer and point-of-sale organisations 
and tourism products. distributed across Europe. 
R2079NETMART Implementation of a multimedia Widens availability of market information for this sector, 
conference service for markets in the Creates a virtual marketplace. 
European pig-meat sector. 
R2080BRICC Mobile multimedia workstations, remote Improves the economic efficiency of the construction 
video monitoring of site progress and industry by offering shared real-time access to information 
shared interactive databases are tested in for all relevant professionals, 
real working conditions. 
R2098 SOCRATES Bring together the key actors concerned Improved the quality, relevance and co-ordination of 
with identifying the major factors for subsequent research projects undertaking application 
successful implementation of advance expérimente m rural areas, 
communications experiments in rural 
areas. 
R2102 AREA Provides an integrated multimedia service Improves support services made available to farmers in this 
supporting Mediterranean rural area, 
communities in identifying plant 
pathologies. 
R2106 LAMBDA Offers inhabitants of remote rural areas a Practical demonstration of the potential value of broadband 
range of multimedia counter services based services to rural areas, 
supporting administration and professional 
advisory services. 
Hi 
12 
R2107 ACLARA Trials a multimedia communications Shows where advanced communications systems can offer 
system for local authorities in rural areas. efficiencies and other benefits in the administration of rural 
communities. 
R2112 SMAC Develops mufti media tools for Computer Reduction of the Tune-to-Market" for new automotive 
Supported Co-operative Working (CSCW) products through a significant streamlining of the 
between automotive component suppliers procurement process, 
and manufactures. 
R2119 BRTTEUR Will trial the interworking of ATM and Provides a means of bringing advanced telecommunications 
CATV services in a rural area. services to rural areas. 
M 
13 
• I • i i ii^^—•«^———— 
R2023UNOM Three broadband applications will running Much improved understanding of issues related to user 
on the UNOM testbed in a realistic perception of broadband <naiwurations. This broadband 
environment Testbed further used for the island will later partie ipasn watùn a Pan-European 
testing of interconnection performance broadband infrastructure. 
R2032 COMBINE Performance analysis of heterogeneous Opthnises interworking between durèrent broadband 
networks and protocol optimisation for networks, increasing integration of suppcrted services, 
interworking. 
R2044 MAGIC Signalling network architecture and call Promotion of integrated concepts and solutions related to 
control protocola. broadband ISDN signalling for ssilti-service applicatioaa. 
Major source of contributions to Common Functional 
R2060CIO Prototypes nailtimfidia tekservices Eases the interrraavrtion of such broadband islands to offer 
(multimedia mail and joint viewing and pan-European aervicea. AcoekxatcsthedeptoymentoflBC. 
tele-operationX to be implemented in 
several broadband islands. Examination 
of interworking and common transport 
protocol issues. 
R2061 EXPLOIT Develops and builds interworking units Interworking units will permit the integration of future 
between ATM, PDH transmission systems broadband networks (based oh ATM) with existing 
(2MBh7s and 140MBit/s) and existing transmission systems and services, allowing rapid evolution 
networks and services like N-ISDN and to IBC. 
Frame Relay. 
R2074 CATALYST Implementation and test of a first Demonstrates the utility of sateUite technology to support 
demonstrator, providing an ATM satellite initial IBC applications, in particular in peripheral and rural 
link. Design and development of systems areas lacking terrestrial broadband mftastnichire. 
and equipment to be used m more 
advanced demonstrators. 
R2081 TRIBUNE A broadband User-Network Interface Facilitates the widespread introduction of broadband 
(UNI) testbed for third parties, centred networks in Europe by giving external users access to the 
around an ATM switch. testbed, linking this to other broadband islands, providing 
feedback to standards bodies on B-UNI standards, and 
improving the testbed users ability to validate their own 
implementations. 
R2101 IMMUNE Distributed restoration systems for ATM. Will establish coherent survrvabuity strategies for public and 
Design and planning of fault-tolerant private IBC networks, and reconanendations for optimised 
networks. Will establish coherent ATM switch control architectures, 
survivability strategies for public and 
private IBC network 
R2115 BIPERNET Integration, installation and verification of Will yield cenmerciauy viable sub-systems for high 
a high-performance gigabit ATM performance nailtimfidia networks, suiting a wide range of 
multimedia network, to support distributed applications and scales, 
language training in an application trial. 
R2116TOMQAT Definition, implementation and testing of a Provides Network Operators and MahufiKturers with 
total quality management system. methodologies for performance monitoring, quality of service 
management and quality of service assessment 
R2118 BRAVE Interconnection of two ATM platforms Increases understanding of ATM traffic behaviour and ATM 
and exploitation of experiments with real multiplexing issues, 
traffic sources to validate network-to-
network operability and private domain 
management functions. Recommends 
solutions for ATM traffic control and 
resource management 
^ 
14 
^—«*—yu^fc——y————— i —»—•— ————— 
R2083 CMP A priority plan for the preparation of By widening the Consensus achieved, the project improves 
Common Functional Specifications the acknowledgement and acceptance of RACE results. The 
(CFSs). This plan reflects the view of all CFS plan helps projects and standardisation bodies fine 
RACE projects, consolidated with the tuning their own work plans, 
standardisation bodies priorities. Performs 
consensus management within RACE. 
Provides mechanisms for consensus 
widening. The compilation and 
publication of CFS developed by RACE 
projects Dissemination within RACE, of 
progress made in standardisation (outside 
of the Programme). 
R2085 INTERACT Provides the RACE community with an Supports the various techno-economic evaluations performed 
integrated on-line information service by RACE projects, providing a consistent base from which 
(including techno-economic and standards broadband development scenarios may be assessed, 
information). 
R2086IAF Macro-economic models estimating to A source of policy recommendations for IBC deployment, 
what degree IBC investment will increase taking into account such needs of society that may be 
white collar productivity, and lead to provided through advanced communication, 
cumulative incremental growth rates 
within the European Union. 
R2087 TITAN A fully operational techno-economic tool The modelling tool makes possible the development of cost-
for cost evaluation and comparison of effective optical components and has shown under which 
different architectures of the access conditions FTTC becomes a cost effective solution, 
network. 
R2090 PALACE Provides a systems engineering office and Encourages active co-operation amongst ACE projects 
> rapporteur function to Project Line 7 of working in areas of common interest Articulates PL results 
RACE- the advanced communications in the form of contributions to CFSs, CPRs and standards 
experiments (ACE). bodies. 
R2091 URSA IBC deployment scenarios and budget Contributes to Common Functional Specifications for 
cross-flow analyses. generic applications derived from integrating the resuhs of all 
ACEs and other sector case studies performed in Europe. 
R2093 RIO To provide to the RACE community, a Should aid the functioning of the RACE program by 
general, text based, on-line information enabling users to locate and exchange information more 
system, having in addition messaging and effectively, 
file transfer facilities. 
R2095 BRAIN Organisation of Summer schools and Raises the awareness of broadband issues and provides a 
various seminars. Some sessions within thorough knowledge to young engineers. Helps address 
such schools to take place at multiple practical issues arising from real time broadband 
locations, interconnected via broadband interconnection, 
links. 
7/ 
Annex II 
Participating organisations 
Participating Organisations 
Project Role" Company 
R2042 P FAWLINZ-AUSTRIA 
R2113 P UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA Country 
R2095 
R2044 
R2077 
R2016 
R2033 
R2082 
R2061 
R2032 
R2044 
R2048 
R2061 
R2066 
R2074 
R2083 
R2097 
R2101 
R2U7 
R2166 
R2034 
R2054 
R2064 
R204S 
R2033 
R2027 
R2039 
R2048 
R2065 
R2069 
R2095 
R2097 
R2101 
R2077 
R2077 
R2033 
R2083 
R2016 
R2087 
R2016 
R2023 
R2041 
R2085 
R2O90 
R2077 
R2077 
R2061 
R2009 
R2II0 
R2060 A 
P 
P 
A 
S 
P 
P 
P 
P 
C 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
c 
p 
p 
p 
s 
A 
P 
A 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
A 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
C 
A 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
C 
P 
P 
P 
P ATO - VINÇOTTE NUCLEAIRE 
ATEA 
BABB AGE INSTIT FOR KNOWLEDGE A INFO TECH 
BARCO NV KORTRIJK 
BARCO NV KORTRIJK 
BARCO NV KORTRIJK 
BELGACOM 
BELL TELEPHONE MFG CO (ALCATEL-BELL) 
BELL TELEPHONE MFG CO (ALCATEL-BELL) 
BELL TELEPHONE MFG CO (ALCATEL-BELL) 
BELL TELEPHONE MFG CO (ALCATEL-BELL) 
BELL TELEPHONE MFG CO (ALCATEL-BELL) 
BELL TELEPHONE MFG CO (ALCATEL-BELL) 
BELL TELEPHONE MFG CO (ALCATEL-BELL) 
BELL TELEPHONE MFG CO (ALCATEL-BELL) 
BELL TELEPHONE MFG CO (ALCATEL-BELL) 
BELL TELEPHONE MFG CO (ALCATEL-BELL) 
BELL TELEPHONE MFG CO (ALCATEL-BELL) 
BIMSA/NV 
DAEDALUS NV. 
EBU RES. CENTER 
FRAMATOME CONNECTORS BELGIUM NV 
GASELWEST 
GENERALE DE BANQUE 
IMECVZW 
IMECVZW 
IMECVZW 
IMECVZW 
IMECVZW 
IMECVZW 
IMECVZW 
INTEGAN 
LERNOUT & HAUSPIE SPEECHPROD. 
MUNiaPAUTY KORTRIJK 
RACE INDUSTRIAL CONSORTIUM 
RAYNETNV 
RAYNETNV 
REFERNV 
REFER NV 
REFERNV 
REFERNV 
REFERNV 
SHERPA NV 
STENTOR SPEECH PRODUCTS 
UNIVERSITY GHENT 
UNIVERSITY LEUVEN (CATHOLIC) 
UNIVERSITY LEUVEN (CATHOLIC) 
UNIVERSITY LIEGE 
R2061 
R2029 
R2O03 
R2006 
R2020 
R2024 
R2029 
R2032 
R2039 
R2041 
R2059 
R2061 
R2066 
R2081 
R2I15 
R2166 
R2061 
R2039 
R2060 
R2M1 
R2110 
R2013 
R2095 
R2061 
R2III 
R2006 
R2024 
R2053 
R2072 ALCATEL STR AG 
ASCOM AUTELCA AG 
ASCOM TECH AG 
ASCOM TECH AG 
ASCOM TECH AG 
ASCOM TECH AG 
ASCOM TECH AG 
ASCOM TECH AG 
ASCOM TECH AG 
ASCOM TECH AG 
ASCOM TECH AG 
ASCOM TECH AG 
ASCOM TECH AG 
ASCOM TECH AG 
ASCOM TECH AG 
ASCOM TECH AG 
ASSOCIATION SWISS PTT/ASCOM TECH 
EIDGENÔSSISCHE TH ZURICH 
EIDGENOSSISCHE TH ZURICH 
EUROPEAN BROADCASTING UNION 
LTS/EPFL 
PAULSCHERRER-INSTITUTE ZURICH 
SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 
SWISS TELECOM PTT 
SWISS TELECOM PTT 
UNIVERSITY LAUSANNE (POLYT. FED.) 
UNIVERSITY LAUSANNE (POLYT. FED ) 
UNIVERSrTY LAUSANNE (POLYT. FED.) 
UNIVERSITY LAUSANNE (POLYT. FED ) CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
CH 
Page 1 
^"3 
Participating Organisations 
Project Role- Company Country 
IJ207J, 
R2060 
R2002 
R2005 
R2O06 
R2011 
R2011 
R2015 
R2033 
R2039 
R2042 
R2048 
R206I 
R2062 
R2066 
R2076 
R2078 
R2081 
R2083 
R2089 
R2096 
R2097 
R2104 
R2108 
R2114 
R2166 
R2062 
R2072 
R2I06 
R2035 
R2113 
R2037 
R2085 
R2091 
R21I3 
R2107 
R2O40 
R2094 
R2O40 
R2036 
R2036 
R2036 
R2042 
R2061 
R2081 
R2096 
R2043 
R2052 
R2067 
R2072 
R20I1 
R2023 
R2024 
R2044 
R2045 
R2060 
R2061 
R2O70 
R2082 
R2087 
R2109 
R2084 
R2008 
R2036 
R2037 
R2042 
R2060 
R2076 
R2078 
R2093 
R2067 
R2036 
R2027 
R2006 
R2083 
R2089 
R2097 
R2082 
R2026 
R2082 I 
P 
r 
C 
C 
C 
S 
p 
c 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
A 
P 
P 
P 
P 
C 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
A 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
A 
C 
P 
A 
A 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
A 
P 
A 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
C 
c 
c 
c 
p 
c 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p Acrr 
ACOTECGMBH 
ALCATEL SEL AG 
ALCATELSEL AG 
ALCATELSEL AG 
ALCATEL SEL AG 
ALCATEL SEL AG 
ALCATEL SEL AG 
ALCATEL SEL AG 
ALCATELSEL AG 
ALCATEL SEL AG 
ALCATEL SEL AG 
ALCATEL SEL AG 
ALCATELSELAG 
ALCATEL SEL AG 
ALCATELSELAG 
ALCATELSELAG 
ALCATELSELAG 
ALCATELSELAG 
ALCATELSELAG 
ALCATELSELAG 
ALCATELSELAG 
ALCATELSELAG 
ALCATELSELAG 
ALCATELSELAG 
ALCATELSELAG 
AKTNACHRICHTENTECHNIKGMBH 
ANT NACHRIOTTENTECHNIK GMBH 
ASCOTA EURO CENTER 
BAYERBCHEMOTORENWERKE AG (BMW) 
BAYERISCHEMOTORENWERKE AG (BMW) -
BERTELSMANN AG 
BIBA 
BIBA 
BIBA 
BREMEN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHN. 
BREMER INSilllUT FUR BETRIEBSTECHNIK 
BREMER INSTITUT FUR BETRIEBSTECHNIK 
BREMER VUUCAN VERBUND AG 
BUNDESANST. F. MATJORSCH. U. -FRUEF. 
BUNDESANST. F. MATJORSCH U. -PRUEF. 
BUNDESANST. F. MATJORSCH U. -PRUEF. 
BURDAGMBH 
CADIS GMBH 
ŒLLWAREGMBH 
CELLWAREGMBH 
COMPART 
DAIMLER-BENZ AG 
DAIMLER-BENZ AG 
DAIMLER-BENZ AG 
DBP TELEKOM (FTZ) 
DBP TELEKOM (FTZ) 
DBP TELEKOM (FTZ) 
DBP TELEKOM (FTZ) 
DBP TELEKOM (FTZ) 
DBP TELEKOM (FTZ) 
DBP TELEKOM (FTZ) 
DBP TELEKOM (FTZ) 
DBP TELEKOM (FTZ) 
DBP TELEKOM (FTZ) 
DBP TELEKOM (FTZ) 
DE TE MOBILE (DEUTSCHE TELEKOM) 
DETEBERKOM GMBH 
DETEBERKOM GMBH 
DETEBERKOM GMBH 
DETEBERKOM GMBH 
DETEBERKOM GMBH 
DETEBERKOM GMBH 
DETEBERKOM GMBH 
DETEBERKOM GMBH 
DEUTSCHE AEROSPACE AG. 
DEUTSCHE AEROSPACE AIRBUS GMBH 
DEUTSCHE BANK AG 
DEUTSCHE BUNDESPOST TELEKOM 
DEUTSCHE BUNDESPOST TELEKOM 
DEUTSCHE BUNDESPOST TELEKOM 
DEUTSCHE BUNDESPOST TELEKOM 
DEUTSCHE FORSCHUNOS. FUER LUFT ARAUMFART 
DEUTSCHE THOMSON-BRANDT GMBH 
DEUTSCHE THOMSON-BRANDT GMBH D 
D 
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Page 2 
s h 
Participating Organisations 
Project 
R2O20 
R2052 
R2040 
R2033 
R2033 
R2003 
R2003 
R2003 
R2008 
R2084 
R204I 
R2057 
R2035 
R2U2 
R2042 
R2037 
R2033 
R2030 
R20* 
R2I07 
R2005 
R2088 
R2058 
R2060 
R2004 
R204I 
R2049 
R2056 
R2068 
R21I6 
R2042 
R2026 
R2082 
R210S 
R2045 
R2055 
R2064 
R2069 
R2I10 
R2065 
R2071 
R2023 
R2048 
R2021 
R2045 
R2075 
R2082 
R2O40 
R2014 
R2083 
R2008 
R2042 
R2036 
R2O60 
R2Q10 
R2024 
R2032 
R2061 
R2106 
R2106 
R2I07 
R2081 
R2042 
R2043 
R2036 
R2O20 
R2055 
R2061 
R2066 
R208I 
R2082 
R2097 
R210I 
R2085 
R2010 
R2033 
R2064 
R2072 
R20I0 
R2078 
R2041 Role" Company 
S DT. FORSCh. AKST ALT K. LLTi • V. R AH. .ffAiKT 
P DVSDIGITALF VIDEOS YSTEMEOMiJH 
C EMIT GMBH 
P EMPDUCAGMBH 
S EMPIRICAGMBH 
P EMPDUCA.GESFJ:OMM-U.TECHNFORSCHUNG 
S EMPUUCA. GES.F.KOMM.-U.TECHN.FORSCHUNG 
C ERICSSON EUROLAB DEUTSCHLAND GMBH 
C ERICSSON EUROLAB DEUTSCHLAND GMBH 
P ESG ELEKTRONIK-SYSTEM A LOGISTTK GMBH 
P ESG ELEKTRONIK-S YSTEM GMBH 
P FAWULM 
P FHG - IGD 
P FHG-IGD 
P FHG/IAO 
P FOGRA 
S FRANKFURTER VERBAND FOR A+B HILFE E. V. 
P FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT - ISI 
P FRAUNHOFER INST. F. GRAPH DATENVERARB. 
P FRAUNHOFER INST. F. GRAPH DATENVERARB. 
P HlAUNHOFERINSTJFjWGJESTKOERPERPHYSIK 
P GES. F. MATHEMATTK UND DATENVERARBEITUNG 
P GESELLSCHAFT MATHEMATTK UND DATENV. 
P GESELLSCHAFT MATHEMATTK UND DATENV. 
P GMDFOKUS 
P GMDFOKUS 
P GMDFOKUS 
S GMDFOKUS 
P GMDFOKUS 
P GMDFOKUS 
P GMD-IPSI 
P GRUNDIG EJvtV. 
P GRUNDIG EM V. 
P HAGENUKGMBH 
P HEINRIŒ HERTZ mSjrrUT 
P HEINRICH HERTZ INSTITUT 
P HEINRICH HERTZ rNSTTTUT 
P HEINRICH HERTZ INSTITUT 
P HEINRICH HERTZ INSTITUT 
P HEINRICH-HERTZ-rNSTnUT 
P 1ABG 
P DCOS SOFTWARE SERVICE GMBH 
p iMMiNsrrruT FUR MBCROTECHNIK GMBH 
P INFORMGMBH 
P INSTITUT FUR RUNWTJNJCTECHNIK GMBH 
P rNSTTTUT FUR RUNE»TJNKTECHNIK GMBH 
P rNSTTTUT FUR RUNrjFUNKTECHNIK GMBH 
A INSTITUT FUR SEEVERKEHR UND LOGISTTK 
P KABELRHEYDT 
P KRONE AG 
P LEHRSTUHLrNFORMATTKIV 
P LINOTYPE-HELL AG 
P LUFTHANSAAG 
P MEDIA PORT BERLIN GMBH 
P MICROPARTS GMBH 
P MIKROELEKTRONIK ANWENDUNGSZENTRUM HBURG 
P MIKROELEKTRONIK ANWENDUNGSZENTRUM HAMB. 
P MIKROELEKTRONIK ANWENDUNGSZENTRUM HAMB. 
A MUNIOTAUTYDCMMTTZSCH 
A MUNICrPALITYELSNIG 
P MUNICIPALITY GANDERKESEE 
P OSITRON SCHMIDT OHO 
P OTTOVERSAND 
A PERGAMON MUSEUM 
A PHILIPS IND. ROENTGEN 
C PHILIPS KOMMUNTKATIONS INDUSTRIE AG 
P PHTUPSKC>MMUNIKATIONS INDUSTRIE AG 
P PHILIPS KOMMUNTKATIONS INDUSTRIE AG 
P PHILIPS KOMMUNTKATIONS INDUSTRIE AG 
P PHILIPS KOMMUNIKATIONS INDUSTRIE AG 
P PHILIPS KOMMUNIKATIONS INDUSTRIE AG 
P PHILIPS KOMMUNIKATIONS INDUSTRIE AG 
P PHILIPS KOMMUNIKATIONS INDUSTRIE AG 
A PRODUTECGMBH 
P QUANTE 
P ROBERT BOSCH GMBH 
P ROBERT BOSCH GMBH 
C ROBERT BOSCH GMBH 
C ROBERT BOSCH GMBH. FORSCHUNGSINSTITUT 
A SCHENKER-RHENUSREISENKOLN 
P SIEMENS AG Country 
D 
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D 
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cc 
Participating Organisations 
Project 
R2045 
R2046 
R2ÛS2 
R2055 
R2058 
R2060 
R2062 
R2065 
R2066 
R2069 
R2070 
R2072 
R2073 
R2083 
R2084 
R2088 
R2096 
R2118 
R2166 
R2027 
R2051 
R2035 
R2U2 
R2063 
R2051 
R2029 
R2037 
R2092 
R20S6 
R2068 
R2083 
R2004 
R2008 
R2025 
R2079 
R2102 
R2086 
R2003 
R2117 
R2067 
R2035 
R21I2 
R2O60 
R2088 
R2I16 
R2092 
R2040 
R20I0 
R2024 
R2045 
R2032 
R2072 
R2110 
R2044 
R2025 
R2030 
R2106 
R2006 
R2013 
R2028 
R2006 
R2024 
R2031 
R2060 
R206I 
R2095 
R2060 
R2052 
R2091 
R2116 
R2042 
R2046 
R2037 
R2037 
R2059 
R2I04 
R20I6 
R2096 
R2029 
R208I Role* 
c 
p 
p 
c c p 
p 
p 
p 
c c p 
p 
p 
c p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
s p 
p 
p 
c p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
p 
A 
A 
P 
P 
P 
P 
A 
P 
P 
P 
P 
S 
p 
A 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
A 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
A 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P Company Country 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG 
SIEMENS AG. OENZLP 
SIEMENS NIXDORFINFORMATIONSYSTEME AG 
SIEMENS PCWCORPORATE RAD 
SIEMENS PCN/00RPORATE RAD 
SIGOS SYSTEMINTEGRATION GMBH 
SNI ASSOCIATED USERS 
STZ - GESELLSCHAFT FUER SOFTWARE TECH 
TEKOM 
TELEMATIC SERVICES GMBH 
TELENORMAGMBH 
TELENORMA GMBH 
TELENORMAGMBH 
TELENORMA GMBH BOSCH TELECOM 
TELES GMBH 
TELES GMBH 
TELES GMBH 
TELES GMBH 
TELMARKGMBH 
UNI VERSITY AACHEN (RWTH) 
UNTVERSTTY AACHEN (RWTH) 
UNIVERSITY AACHEN (TECHNICAL) 
UNIVERSITY BERLIN 
UNTVERSTTY BERLIN 
UNTVERSTTY BERLIN (TECHNICAL) 
UNrVERSTTY BERLIN (TECHNICAL) 
UNTVERSTTY BERLIN (TECHNICAL) 
UNIVERSITY BONN 
UNIVERSITY BREMEN INSTJHF-TECHNDC 
UNIVERSITY DORTMUND 
UNIVERSITY HAMBURG-HARBURG (TECHNICAL) 
UNrVERSTTY HANNOVER 
UNIVERSITY HANNOVER 
UNIVERSITY HANNOVER 
UNTVERSTTY HANNOVER 
UNIVERSITY ILMENAU (TECHNICAL) 
UNIVERSITY KOLNfBIFOA) 
UNIVERSITY KOLN (BIFOA) 
UNIVERSITY LEIPZIG 
UNIVERSITY MARBURG 
UNIVERSITY PADERBORN 
UNIVERSITY PADERBORN 
UNIVERSITY STUTTGART 
UNIVERSITY STUTTGART 
UNIVERSITY STUTTGART 
UNIVERSITY STUTTGART 
UNIVERSITY STUTTGART 
UNIVERSITY STUTTGART 
UNIVERSITY ULM 
V AP VIDEO ART PRODUCTION GMBH 
VDI/VDE-IT 
WANDEL A GOLTERMANN 
WMDGMBH 
COMPUTER RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL A/S 
COURSEWARE SCANDINAVIA 
DANISH TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE 
DELTA SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 
DELTA SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 
ELECTROMAGNETICS DESTITUTE DEFT CBT 
ELEKTRONDC CENTRALEN 
ELEKTRONIKCENTRALEN 
ELEKTRONKCENTRALEN D 
D 
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Page 4 
Participating Organisations 
Project 
R2036 
R2081 
R2037 
R20.4 
R206I 
R2097 
R2I03 
R2004 
R2032 
R2041 
R2046 
R2059 
R2061 
R2004 
R2014 
R2004 
R2014 
R2034 
R2046 
R2039 
R2083 
R2017 
R2082 
R2085 
R2049 
R2I08 
R2078 
R2061 
R2066 
R208) 
R2084 
R2096 
R2097 
R210I 
R2104 
R2071 
R2023 
R2030 
R2038 
R2I08 
R2082 
R2078 
R2053 
R2II9 
R2078 
R2080 
R2091 
R2079 
R2043 
R2043 
R2078 
R2064 
R2019 
R2079 
R2054 
R2020 
R2023 
R2024 
R2025 
R2041 
R2055 
R2066 
R2069 
R2072 
R2076 
R2087 
R21I7 
R2166 
R2073 
R20I6 
R206! 
R2092 
R2043 
R2071 
R20I8 
R2052 
R2024 
R2053 
R2061 
R2066 Role* 
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FORCE INS II run ERNE 
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GRUNDFOS 
JYDSKTELEFON 
JYDSKTELEFON 
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KTAS (COPENHAGEN TELEPHONE COMPANY) 
KTAS (COPENHAGEN TELEPHONE COMPANY) 
KTAS (COPENHAGEN TELEPHONE COMPANY) 
KTAS (COPENHAGEN TELEPHONE COMPANY) 
KTAS (COPENHAGEN TELEPHONE COMPANY) 
KTAS (COPENHAGEN TELEPHONE COMPANY) 
L.M ERICSSON A/S 
NETMAN 
NKTELEKTRONIK ATS 
NKT ELEKTRONIK A/S 
PER UDSEN CO. AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY 
SCANDINAVIAN AIRLINES SYSTEM 
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK 
TELE DANMARK A/S 
TELE DANMARK RESEARCH 
TELECOM DENMARK 
TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH GROUP 
TFL TELECOM RESEARCH LAB 
UNTVERSTTY OF AALBORG 
ALCATEL FYCSA 
ALCATELSESA 
ALCATEL SESA 
ALCATEL SESA 
ALCATEL SESA 
ALCATELSESA 
ALCATELSESA 
ALCATELSESA 
ALCATELSESA 
APDSA. 
BANCO DEL COMERaO 
CENTRO DE TEXTOS ELECTRONICO 
DEPTJISICA. UNIV. AUTONOMA BARCELONA 
DETYCOMAJLE. 
ENTE PUBLICO RETE VISION 
GENERAUTAT DE CATALUNYA 
TBERMATICA 
INMARK 
INSTITUT CERD A 
INSTITUT CERDA 
INSTITUT CERD A 
MERCOLLEIDA 
MUSEO ARCHEOLOGICO NAaONAL 
MUSEO NAQONAL DEL PRADO 
RE1AL AUTOMOBIL CLUB DE CATALUNYA 
RETEVISION 
SEMA GROUP SAE 
SEMA GROUP SAE 
S YSTEMAS AVANCADOS DE CONTROL 
TELEFONICA DE ESPANA SA 
TELEFONICA DE ESPANA SA 
TELEFONICA DE ESP ANA SA 
TELEFONICA DE ESPANA SA 
TELEFONICA DE ESPANA SA 
TELEFONICA DE ESPANA SA 
TELEFONICA DE ESPANA SA 
TELEFONICA DE ESPANA SA 
TELEFONICA DE ESPANA SA 
TELEFONICA DE ESPANA SA 
TELEFONICA DE ESPANA SA 
TELEFONICA DE ESPANA SA 
TELEFONICA DE ESPANA SA 
TELEFONICA I JU>. 
TELEFONICA INVESTIGACION Y DESARROLLO 
TELEFONICA INVESTIGACION Y DESARROLLO 
TELEFONICA INVESTIGACION Y DESARROLLO 
TELEFONICA SISTEMAS 
TRANSTCOLS 
UNIVERSITY MADRID (AUTONOMA) 
UNIVERSITY BALEARIC ISLANDS 
UNIVERSITY CATALONIA (POLYTECHNIC) 
UNIVERSITY CATALONIA (POLYTECHNIC) 
UNI VERSTTY CATALONIA (POLYTECHNIC) 
UNIVERSITY CATALONIA (POLYTECHNIC) Country 
DK 
DK 
DK 
DK 
DK 
DK 
DK 
DK 
DK 
DK 
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DK 
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DK 
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DK 
DK 
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DK 
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Ç? 
Participating Organisations 
Project Role* Company 
R2072 P UNTVERSm' CATALOSTA (POLYTECHNIC) 
R2084 S UrmTOtsm'CATALOIJlA (POLYTECHNIC) 
R2093 A UNTVERSrn* CATALONIA (POLYTECHNIC) 
R2I08 P UNIVERSITY CATALONIA (POLYTECHNIC) 
R2166 S UNTvTatSTITCATALONU (POLYTECHNIC) 
R2043 P UNIVERSITY MADRID (POLYTECHNIC) 
R2056 P UNIVERSITY MADRID (POLYTECHNIC) 
R2018 S UNIVERSITY PAIS VASCO 
R20I8 S UNTVERSTTY ZARAOOZA 
R2046 P AEROPORTS DE PARIS 
R2034 A AEROSPATIALE 
R2034 P AEROSPATIALE 
R2011 P ALCATEL ALSTHOM RECHERCHE 
R2015 S ALCATEL ALSTHOM RECHERCHE 
R2018 C ALCATEL ALSTHOM RECHERCHE 
R2039 C ALCATEL ALSTHOM RECHERCHE 
R2048 P ALCATEL ALSTHOM RECHERCHE 
R2I04 A ALCATEL ALSTHOM RECHERCHE 
R2034 P ALCATEL CTT 
R2039 P ALCATEL CTT 
R2044 S ALCATEL CTT 
R2083 P ALCATEL CTT 
R2064 P ALCATELESPACE 
R2074 C ALCATELESPACE 
R207S C ALCATELESPACE 
R2078 P ALCATELESPACE 
R2117 C ALCATELESPACE 
R2025 P ALCATEL BR 
R2041 P ALCATEL BR 
R2059 P ALCATEL BR 
R2116 P ALCATEL BR 
R2084 p ALCATEL RADIOTELEPHONE 
R2117 P ALCATEL RADIOTELEPHONE 
R2Û64 p ALCATEL TELSPAŒ 
R2074 p ALCATCLTELSPAŒ 
R207S P ALCATEL TTTNANSWARE 
R2034 A ALLIANCE QUALTTE LOGICIEL 
R2016 P ARECOM TELECOM PARIS 
R2064 P AIŒCOM TELECOM PARIS 
R2053 P ARMINES 
R2071 p BAYER DIAGNOSTICS 
R2050 P BERTTNETCIE 
R2080 C BOUYGUES 
R2051 S BULL ASSOCIATED USERS 
R2076 P BULLSJV. 
R2058 P BULLSAECHIROLLES 
R2003 P CAP GEMINI INNOVATION 
R20I7 S CAP GEMINI INNOVATION 
R2047 P CAP SESA REGIONS 
R2003 P CAP SESA TELECOM 
R20I7 P CAP SESA TELECOM 
R2U5 P CAP SESA TELECOM 
R2045 P CŒTT 
R2064 P CCETT 
R2072 P CCETT 
R2038 P CEMA. UNTVERSTTY DE RENNES 
R2072 P CENTER MORPHOLOGICAL MATH 
R2025 P CETIA 
R2096 P CLEMESSY ELECTRONIQUE 
R2081 P CLEMESSY SA 
R2088 P CLEMESSY SA 
R2006 " P CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R20I4 P OiET FRANCE TELECOM 
R2017 P CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R2018 P CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R2028 P CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R2034 p CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R2039 P CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R2049 P CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R20S7 P CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R2062 P CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R2066 P CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R2067 A CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R2072 P CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R2075 P CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R2082 C QŒT FRANCE TELECOM 
R20S4 p CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R2087 C CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R21I0 C CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
R21I1 P CNET FRANCE TELECOM Country 
E 
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Page 6 
f3 
Participating Organisations 
Project Role' 
R2I13 
R2071 
R2054 
R2070 
R2109 
R2O07 
R20S7 
R2088 
R2113 
R2037 
R2056 
R2036 
R2034 
R2043 
R2023 
R2064 
R2074 
R2035 
R2014 
R2021 
R2083 
R2107 
R21J2 
R2064 
R2086 
R2Û5I 
R20O4 
R2027 
R2107 
R2004 
R2017 
R2020 
R2027 
R2034 
R2035 
R2041 
R2046 
R2058 
R2058 
R21I2 
R2I15 
R2078 
R2U9 
R2005 
R2079 
R209S 
R2001 
R2001 
R2072 
R207I 
R2053 
R2055 
R206I 
R2072 
R2II7 
R2067 
R2004 
R2079 
R2079 
R2020 
R2023 
R2030 
R2055 
R2072 
R2023 
R2I11 
R20I6 
R2023 
R2085 
R2087 
R2078 
R2059 
R2043 
R203I 
R2034 
R2029 
R2034 
R2O30 
R2050 
R2001 
R2112 P 
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CNET FRANCE TELECOM 
COMITÉ DEP. DU TOURISME DE LHÉRAULT 
COMPAGNIE GENERALE DE PROTECTION ET SEŒ 
CORNING EUROPE 
CORNING EUROPE 
DASSAULT AUTOMATISMES ET TELECOMMUNICAT. 
DASSAULT AUTOMATISMES ET TELECOMMUNICAT. 
DASSAULT AUTOMATISMES ET TELECOMMUNICAT. 
DASSAULT AUTOMATISMES ET TELECOMMUNICAT. 
DIGITAL EQUIPMENT FRANCE 
DIGITAL ETM/IC 
ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE 
EUROPEAN AEROSPACE NETWORK SERVICES 
EUTELIS 
EUTELSAT 
EUTELSAT 
EUTELSAT 
FCR FRANCE TELECOM 
FRAMATOME CONNECTORS FRANC 
FRAMENTEC 
FRANCE TELECOM 
FRANCE TELECOM EXPERTEL 
FRANCE TELECOM EXPERTEL 
FRANCE TELECOM STI 
GEMINI CONSULTING 
GROUPE BULL SA 
GSIERLI 
GS1-TECSI 
HOTEL DE VILLE CHATEAU DU LOIR 
IBM FRANCE 
IBM FRANCE 
IBM FRANCE 
IBM FRANCE 
IBM FRANCE 
IBM FRANCE 
IBM FRANCE 
IBM FRANCE 
IBM FRANCE 
IBM FRANCE 
IBM FRANCE 
IBM FRANCE 
EDATE 
IDATE 
TEMNDHS LILLE UNrVERSTTY 
RHACENTRE PCLYTECTNK3UE SAINT LOUIS 
INS. DE FORMAT. RANIMAT. E CONS. ENTR 
INSTRUMENTS SA JOBIN-YVON 
ms 
ms 
TTMI 
LABORATOIRES D'ELECTRONIQUE PHILIPS 
LABORATOIRES D'ELECTRONIQUE PHILIPS 
LABORATOIRES D'ELECTRONIQUE PHILIPS 
LABORATOIRES D'ELECTRONIQUE PHILIPS 
LABORATOIRES DELECTRONIQUE PHILIPS 
LABORATOIRES DELECTRONIQUE PHILIPS MICROWAVE 
MARBEN 
MARBEN 
MARCHE DU PORC BRETON 
MATRA COMMUNICATION 
MATRA COMMUNICATION 
MATRA COMMUNICATION 
MATRA COMMUNICATION 
MATRA COMMUNICATION 
MATRA MARCONI SPACE FRANCE 
MERCURE 
MET COMMUTATION 
MET COMMUTATION 
MET COMMUTATION 
MET COMMUTATION 
MINISTèRE DU TOURISME 
MONETELSA. 
MUSEE DORSAY 
ONERA 
ONERA 
OST - OUEST STANDARD TELEMATIQUE 
OST - OUEST STANDARD TELEMATIQUE 
PBS-TRG 
PROTEXARMS 
RADIALL 
RENAULT SA Country 
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Page 7 . 
r «? 
Participating Organisations 
Project Role' Company Country 
R2021 
R2032 
R2023 
R2035 
R2M2 
R2014 
R2034 
R20J4 
R2083 
R2087 
R2076 
R2034 
R2042 
R2I03 
R2071 
R2029 
R2086 
R2074 
R2084 
R2097 
R2007 
R2064 
R2075 
R2023 
R2041 
R2049 
R2058 
R2078 
R2080 
R2092 
R2114 
R2043 
R2079 
R2116 
R2095 
R2102 
R2039 
R2055 
R2075 
R2083 
R2096 
R2110 
R2067 
R2003 
R2006 
R2029 
R2045 
R2052 
R2064 
R2067 
R2072 
R2082 
R2001 
R2057 
R2067 
R2062 
R2047 
R2067 
R2018 
R2017 
R2017 
R2088 
R2055 P 
P 
V 
P 
P 
S 
P 
P 
P 
P 
A 
A 
P 
P 
P 
P 
C 
P 
P 
P 
C 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
A 
P 
P 
P 
P 
C 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
A 
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P SEMA-GROJP 
SCS THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS SX 
SGir-THOMSON MICPOELECTRONICS SRL 
SIEMENS AUTOMOTIVE S A 
SIEMENS AUTOMOTTVE S A 
S£LEC 
SLX 
SOCIETE ANONYME DE TELECOMMUNICATION 
SOCIETE ANONYME DE TELECOMMUNICATION 
SOCIETE ANONYME DE TELECOMMUNICATION 
SOCIETE FRANÇAIS DE GENEE lOGICTEL S.A. 
SOCIETE POUR LTNFORMATIQUE INDUSTRIELLE 
SOGTTECSA. 
SOITECSA 
SOPHA MEDICAL 
SYSECAS.A 
TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT PARTNERS 
TELECOM PARK 
TELECOM PAR1S-ARECOM. PARIS, FRANCE 
TELECOMMUNICATIONS RADIO ELECTRIQUES 
TELEDIFFUSION DE FRANCE 
TELEDIFFUSION DE FRANCE 
TELEDIFFUSION DE FRANCE 
TELES YSTEMES 
TELESYSTEMES 
TELESYSTEMES 
TELESYSTEMES 
TELESYSTEMES 
TELESYSTEMES 
TELESYSTEMES 
TELESYSTEMES 
TELESYSTEMES INNOVATION 
TELMARTSA 
TELMAT COMMUNICATIONS 
THESEUS INSTITUTE 
THESEUS INSUIUIt 
THOMSON CSF 
THOMSON CSF 
THOMSON CSF 
THOMSON CSF 
THOMSON CSF 
THOMSON CSF 
THOMSON CSF CNI 
THOMSON CSF LCR 
THOMSON CSF LCR 
THOMSON CSF LER 
THOMSON CSF LER 
THOMSON CSF LER 
THOMSON CSF LER 
THOMSON CSF LER 
THOMSON CSF LER 
THOMSON CSF LER 
THOMSON CSF LER/LCR 
THOMSON CSF RCC 
THOMSON CSF SEMICONDUCTORES SPECIFIQUES 
THOMSON HYBRIDES 
UNION REGIONALE COOPERATTVES ELEVAGE 
UNIVERSITY LILLE 
UNIVERSITY RENNES 
VERJLOGSA 
VERJLOGSA 
VERJLOGSA 
VITEC 
R2I06 
R2059 
R2I04 
R2116 
R2074 
R2119 
R2057 
R2113 
R2009 
R2043 
R2022 
R2022 
R2008 
R2016 
R2037 
R2041 
R2045 01 PLTROFORIKI 
ALPHA SYSTEM ANALYSB INTEGRATION LTD 
ALPHA SYSTEM ANALYSIS INTEGRATION LTD 
ALPHA SYSTEM ANALYSB INTEGRATION LTD 
CENTRE OF PLANNING A ECONOMIC RESEARCH 
EPSILON INTERNATIONAL SA 
EXPERTNET 
EXPERTNET 
FOUNDATION OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 
GOULANDRIS MUSEUM OF C YCLADIC ART 
HELLENIC MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE 
INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEMS 
INTRACOMSA 
INTRACOMSA 
INTRACOMSA 
INTRACOMSA 
INTRACOMSA GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
Page 8 
Participating Organisations 
Project Role' Company Country 
R2049 
R2088 
R2110 
R21I4 
R2116 
R2076 
R2093 
R2093 
R2030 
R2043 
R2I06 
R2O40 
R2022 
R2I06 
R2066 
R2I06 
R2166 
R20I9 
R2030 
R2022 
R2040 
R2102 
R2057 
R2113 
R2I19 
R2015 
R2073 
R2087 
R2Q22 
R2005 
R2007 
R2016 
R2022 
R2023 
R2024 
R2037 
R2O40 
R2044 
R2061 
R2064 
R2078 
R2095 
R2097 
R2104 
R2I06 
R2114 
R21I6 
R2118 
R2022 
R2030 
R2045 
R2045 
R2053 P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
P 
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P 
P 
P 
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A 
A 
A 
P 
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A 
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P INTRACOMSA 
INTRACOMSA 
INTRACOMSA 
INTRACOMSA 
INTRACOMSA 
INTRASOFTSA 
INTRASOFTSA 
ITELLTD 
. KATOACHAJA HEALTH CARE CENTRE 
L-CUBE INFORMATION SYSTEMS SA 
LAMBRAKIS FOUNDATION 
MARAC ELECTRONICS 
NAT. RESEARCH CENTRE DEMOKRITOS 
NATIONAL CENTRE FOR SCTENTTFIC RESEARCH 
OTESA 
OTESA 
OTESA 
PLANETSA 
REGIONAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF PATRAS 
S BETS SERVICE PROVIDER 
TECHNTSYSTEMS LTD 
UNION OF YOUNG FARMERS 
UNIVERSITY AEGEAN 
UNIVERSITY AEGEAN 
UNIVERSITY AEGEAN 
UNTVERSTTY ATHENS 
UNTVERSTTY ATHENS 
UNIVERSITY ATHENS 
UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (AGRICULTURAL) 
UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNIVERSITY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNrVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNIVERSITY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNIVERSITY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNIVERSITY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNIVERSITY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNIVERSITY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNrVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNIVERSITY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA) 
UNIVERSTTY PATRAS 
UNIVERSITY PATRAS 
UNTVERSTTY PATRAS 
UNIVERSITY THESSALONTKI 
ZENON SA. GR 
GR 
GK 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
GR 
R2066 
R2067 
R2084 
R2083 
R2166 
R2075 
R2075 
R2078 
R2102 
R2023 
R2009 
R2048 
R2029 
R2088 
R2030 
R2I02 
R2003 
R2009 
R2017 
R20IS 
R2020 
R2024 
R2023 
R2028 
R2039 
R2041 
R2044 ALCATEL FACE 
ALCATEL FACE 
ALCATEL FACE 
ALCATEL ITALIA SPA 
ALCATEL ITALIA SPA 
ALCATEL TELETTRA 
ALENIASPAZIO 
ALITALIA 
ASS. REGION. PUGLIESE TECNICI E RIC. IN AGR. 
BANCA POPOLARE DIMELANO 
CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE RICERCHE 
CORONA 
COSISRL 
COSISRL 
CRAI 
CROSSOVER SRL 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
Page 9 
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Participating Organisations 
Project Role* Company Country 
R2049 
R2058 
R2066 
R2072 
R2082 
R2087 
R2I17 
R2166 
R2028 
R2044 
R2068 
R2083 
R2049 
R2066 
R2068 
R2084 
R2166 
R2080 
R2078 
R2076 
R2012 
R2012 
R2020 
R2024 
R2028 
R2066 
R2082 
R2083 
R2096 
R2U8 
R2O80 
R2013 
R202S 
R2015 
R2064 
R2075 
R2082 
R2U1 
R2078 
R2089 
R2093 
R2055 
R2082 
R2029 
R20S2 
R2016 
R2023 
R2055 
R2083 
R2041 
R2058 
R2064 
R2074 
R2050 
R2102 
R2086 
R2064 
R2102 
R21I7 
R21I7 
R2042 
R20I6 
R2035 
R2112 CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
CSELTSPA 
ERICSSON F ATME SPA 
ERICSSON F ATME SPA 
ERICSSON FATME SPA 
ERICSSON FATME SPA 
FONDAZIONE UGO BORDONI 
FONDAZIONE UGO BORDONI 
FONDAZIONE UGO BORDONI 
FONDAZIONE UGO BORDONI 
FONDAZIONE UGO BORDONI 
FRATELLIDIOGUARDI SPA 
IBIEF-GEIE 
INTECSSISTEMISPA 
CROE 
BTTTUTOGLIDODONBGANI 
ITALTELS1T.SPA 
ITALTELSJ.T.SPA 
ITALTELSiT.SPA 
ITALTELSiT.SPA 
ITALTELSLT.SPA 
rTALTELSXT.SPA 
ITALTELSIT.SPA 
ITALTELSJ.T.SPA 
MIXER CONSORTIUM 
PIRELUCAVISPA 
PTRELUCAVISPA 
PIRELLI SPA 
RA1 RADIO TELE VBIONEITALIANA 
RAI RADIO TELE VBIONE TTALIANA 
RAJ RADIO TELE VBIONE ITAUANA 
RAI RADIO TELE VBIONE TTALIANA 
SAPJTELSPA 
SARTTELSPA 
SARITELSPA 
SELECOSPA 
SELECOSPA 
SEVA - SERVrZI A VALORS AGGTUNTO SPA 
SGS THOMSON MKXOELfCTRONICS SRL 
SGS-THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS SRL 
SGS-THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS SRL 
SGS-THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS SRL . 
SIP 
STRTTSPA 
SERTI SPA 
SPACE ENGINEERING SRL 
SPACE ENGINEERING SRL 
SYNTAX SISTEMI SOFTWARE 
TECNOPOUS CSATA NOVUS ORTUS 
TEKNEBANK 
TELESPAZIOSPA 
TELESPAZIOSPA 
TELESPAZIOSPA 
UNIVERSITY FIRENZE 
UNTVERSTTY GENOVA. DEBE 
UNIVERSITY TORINO (POLYTECHNIC) 
UNIVERSITY TRENTO 
UNIVERSITY TRENTO 
R2078 
R2022 
R2004 
R2008 
R20I7 
R2021 
R204I 
R2066 
R2166 
R2033 
R2054 
R2I05 
R2U9 
R2075 
R2075 
R2008 BORD FAUTE / BUSH TOURIST BOARD 
BRAY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 
BROADCOM EJREANN RESEARCH LDT 
BROADCOM EEREANN RESEARCH LDT 
BROADCOM EEREANN RESEARCH LDT 
BROADCOM EEREANN RESEARCH LDT 
BROADCOM EEREANN RESEARCH LDT 
BROADCOM EEREANN RESEARCH LDT 
BROADCOM EEREANN RESEARCH LDT 
CABLE MANAGEMENT INTL SERVICES LTD 
CABLE MANAGEMENT INTL SERVICES LTD 
CABLE MANAGEMENT ENTL SERVICES LTD. 
CABLE MANAGEMENT INTL SERVICES LTD. 
CABLE MANAGEMENT IRELAND LTD 
CABLE MANAGEMENT IRELAND LTD 
CIRCUITS TEST AND SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LTD ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
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ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
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L'L-
Participating Organisations 
Project Role* Company Country 
R2I1S. < 
R210-: 
R2027 • 
R2047 
R20« 
R2I66 
R2033 
R2I06 
R2019 
R2091 
R2027 
R2033 
R2103 
R2119 
R2I05 
R2119 
R2095 
R2008 
R2033 
R2075 
R2I19 
R2047 
R2022 
R2113 
R2II2 
R2022 
R2106 
R2021 
R2066 
R2166 
R2012 
R2015 
R2021 
R2022 
R209J P 
A 
A 
A 
P 
P 
P 
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A 
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A 
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C 
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A 
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A 
A 
P CREDCOLTD. 
rOLAS-THE IRISH SOENCEJtTECHNOLOGY AGENC 
iTNANCtAL COURSEWARE LIMITED 
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CENTRE 
IRISH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY 
IRISH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY 
NATIONAL REHABILITATION BOARD 
NEXUS 
NEXUS EUROPE LTD 
NEXUS EUROPE LTD 
NORCONTEL 
NORTH WESTERN HEALTH BOARD 
OPTRONICS IRELAND 
RADIO TELEFIS EEREANN 
SCREENPHONESLTD 
SCREENPHONES LTD 
SHP SYSTEMS SERVICES 
SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 
STAR TELEMATICS LTD 
STAR TELEMATICS LTD 
STAR TELEMATICS LTD 
TEAGASC OAKPARK RESEARCH CENTRE 
TELECOM EEREANN 
TELTEC 
TTRAC 
UDARAS NA GAELTACHTA 
UDARAS NA GAELTACHTA 
UNTVERSITY DUBLIN CTTY 
UNIVERSITY LIMERICK 
UNIVERSITY LIMERICK 
UNTVERSTTY TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN 
UNTVERSITY TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN 
UNIVERSITY TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN 
WICKLOW COUNTY COUNCIL 
WORK RESEARCH CENTRE LRL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
ERL 
R20S6 
R2086 PALO ALTO MANAGEMENT GROUPm PARTNERS 
T.I. PARTNER/TV SA 
R2017 
R20:7 
R2II7 
R2061 
R2078 
R2001 
R2017 
R2017 
R2041 
R2060 
R2061 
R2067 
R2087 
R2060 
R2033 
R2078 ABB CORPORATE RESEARCH 
ABB CORPORATE RESEARCH 
ABB CORPORATE RESEARCH 
ALCATEL TELECOM NORWAY AS 
NORSK REGNESENIRAL 
NORSK RIKSKRENGKASTTNG 
NORWEGIAN COMPUTING CENTER 
NORWEGIAN COMPUTING CENTER 
NORWEGIAN TELECOM RESEARCH 
NORWEGIAN TELECOM RESEARCH 
NORWEGIAN TELECOM RESEARCH 
NORWEGIAN TELECOM RESEARCH 
NORWEGIAN TELECOM RESEARCH 
SIEMENS AS 
SENTEF SI CENTER FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH 
TROLL PARK LILLEHAMMER OLYMPIC DEV. ASS. 
R2010 
R2I15 
R2024 
R2044 
R2061 
R2062 
R2066 
R2066 
R2083 
R2097 
R2I09 
R2166 
R2022 
R2019 
R2063 
R2022 
R2022 
R2063 
R2063 
R2054 
R2020 
R2003 
R2079 
R2009 
R2033 AKZO ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS GROUP 
AND SOFTWARE BV 
ATAT NETWORK SYSTEMS BV 
ATAT NETWORK SYSTEMS BV 
ATAT NETWORK SYSTEMS BV 
ATAT NETWORK SYSTEMS BV 
ATAT NETWORK SYSTEMS BV 
ATAT NETWORK SYSTEMS BV 
ATAT NETWORK SYSTEMS BV 
ATAT NETWORK SYSTEMS BV 
ATAT NETWORK SYSTEMS BV 
ATAT NETWORK SYSTEMS BV 
BUREE ONDERZOEK EN ADVTES B. V. 
BUREE ONDERZOEK EN ADVTES B V 
COMPUTER TASK GROUP (EUROPE) 
COMTELBV 
DE 12 REGIOS 
DELTA LLOYD VERZEKERENGSGROEP N.V. 
DIGITAL EQUIPMENT ENTERPRISE B V 
DOORNHEEN DE VRJES INTERNATIONAL 
ERICSSON BUSINESS MOBILE NETWORKS BV. 
ERICSSON TELECOMMUNICATEE B. V. 
IDE 
r*JSTITUTE FOR REHABILITATION RESEARCH 
INSTTTUUT VOOR DOVEN NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
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fO 
Participating Organisations 
Project Role' Company Country 
R2043 
R2077 
R2026 
R2062 
R2065 
R2069 
R2073 
R2081 
R2I05 
R2II0 
R211J 
R203I 
R2022 
R2022 
R2070 
R2083 
R2097 
R2079 
R2022 
R2009 
R2017 
R2021 
R2060 
R2065 
R2094 
R2001 
R2003 
R2024 
R2025 
R2032 
R2042 
R2044 
R2045 
R2049 
R2061 
R2065 
R2066 
R2072 
R2081 
R2087 
R2096 
R2097 
R2101 
R2166 
R2076 
R2117 
R2073 
R2026 
R2045 
R2070 
R2024 
R2061 
R2044 
R2049 
R2066 
R2166 
R2119 P 
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N V. DE STERRENBERG 
NEDERLANDSE PHILIPS BEDRV VEN BV 
NEDERLANDSE PHEUPS BEDRYVEN B V 
NEDERLANDSE PHILIPS BEDRYVEN BV 
NEDERLANDSE PHILIPS BEDRYVEN B V 
NEDERLANDSE PHEUPS BEDRYVEN BV 
NEDERLANDSE PHILIPS BEDRYVEN BV 
NEDERLANDSE PHILIPS BEDRYVEN BV 
NEDERLANDSE PHILIPS BEDRYVEN BV 
NEDERLANDSE PHILIPS BEDRYVEN B V 
NLR 
P. KARSTEN HOLDING LTD. 
PBCGRONINGEN 
PHILIPS 
PHEUPS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS BV 
PHILIPS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS BV 
PRODUKTSCHAPVOORVEEENVLEES 
PROVINCEE FRJESLAND 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL ITT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESF ARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL ITT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROYAL PTT NEDERLAND NV PTT RESEARCH 
ROY AL PIT NEDERLAND NV PIT RESEARCH 
STICHTING MATHEMATBCH CENTRUM 
TNO PHYSICS A ELECTRONICS LAB. 
UNIVERSITY DELFT 
UNIVERSITY DELFT (TECHNICAL) 
UNIVERSITY DELFT (TECHNICAL) 
UNTVERSTTY DELFT (TECHNICAL) 
UNTVERSITY NUMEGEN 
UNIVERSITY NUMEGEN 
UNTVERSTTY TWENTE 
UNTVERSTTY TWENTE 
UNI VERSTTY TWENTE 
UNIVERSITY TWENTE 
WEERDA. OVERMARS A PARTNERS NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
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NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
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NL 
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NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
NL 
R2002 
R2047 
R2002 
R2005 
R2007 
R2019 
R2022 
R2041 
R2047 
R2049 
R2059 
R2060 
R2061 
R2065 
R2074 
R2076 
R2095 
R2M7 
R2095 
R20U 
R2041 
R2067 
R2074 ALCATEL PORTUGAL. SA 
ASSOCIO DESENVOLVTMENTO DA EABL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CET TELECOM PORTUGAL 
CIFAG SA 
COMPANHJA PORTUGUESA RADIO MARCONI SA 
COMPANHIA PORTUGUESA RADIO MARCONI SA 
COMPANHJA PORTUGUESA' RADIO MARCONI SA 
COMPANHIA PORTUGUESA RADIO MARCONI SA 
Page 12 
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Participating Organisations 
Project 
R2117 
R2010 
R2033 
R2017 
R2030 
R2032 
R2033 
R2061 
R2064 
R2068 
R2097 
R2060 
R2022 
R2054 
R2008 
R2014 
R2030 
R2083 
R2033 
R2041 
R2005 
R2011 
R2014 
R2076 
R2087 
R2095 
R2011 
R2005 
R2011 
R20S7 
R2072 
R2073 
R2008 
R2020 
R2066 
R2166 
R20I7 
R2028 
R2049 
R2083 
R2042 
R2069 
R2017 
R2003 
R2014 
R2017 
R2020 
R2028 
R2033 
R2041 
R2058 
R2068 
R2017 
R2037 
R2057 
R2119 
R2O08 
R206J 
R2I05 
R2057 
R2O40 
R2039 
R2061 
R2066 
R2068 
R2087 
R2I66 
R2084 
R2094 
R2084 
R2066 
R2166 
R2066 
R2I05 
R2056 
R2033 
R2087 
R2040 
R2U3 Role' 
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COMPANHIA PORTUGUESA RADIO MARCONI SA 
FACULD. DE CïENC. UNIVERSTDADs D."» POKTO 
FACULDADE DE MOIPICEDADE HUMANA 
INESC 
INESC 
INESC 
INESC 
INESC 
INESC 
INESC 
INESC 
ENTERSIS 
MUNICIPALITY MANGUALDE 
PROSECOM 
TELECOM PORTUGAL SA 
TELECOM PORTUGAL SA 
TELECOM PORTUGAL SA 
TELECOM PORTUGAL SA 
TELEFONES DE USBO A E PORTO SA 
TFl^FONESDELBBOAEPORTOSA 
UNI VERSITY AVEERO 
UNIVERSITY AVEERO 
UNIVERSITY AVEERO 
UNIVERSITY AVEERO 
UNIVERSITY AVEIRO 
UNTVERSTTY AVEERO 
UNIVERSITY COEMBRA 
UNIVERSITY LISBON (1ST) 
UNTVERSTTY LISBON (1ST) 
UNTVERSTTY LISBON (EST) 
UNI VERSITY LISBON (1ST) 
UNIVERSITY LISBON (1ST) 
ELLEMTEL TEI^COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LAB 
ERICSSON RADIO SYSTEMS AB 
ERICSSON RADIO SYSTEMS AB 
ERICSSON RADIO SYSTEMS AB 
ERICSSON TELECOM AB 
ERICSSONTELECOMAB 
ERICSSON TELECOM AB 
ERICSSONTELECOMAB 
HASSELBLAD ELECTRONIC IMAGING AB 
INDUSTRIAL MK3UDEIECTRONJCS CENTER 
TELELOGIC MALMO AB 
TELIA AB 
TELIA AB 
TELIA AB 
TELIA AB 
TELIA AB 
TELIA AB 
TELIA AB 
TELIA AB 
TELIAAB 
TELIA PROMOTOR UPPSALA AB 
ABO AKADEMI UNIVERSITY 
CCC SOFTWARE PROFESSIONALS UG 
EUROCONSEILS 
HELSINKI TELEPHONE COMPANY 
HELSINKI TELEPHONE COMPANY 
HELSINKI TELEPHONE COMPANY 
mSTTTUTE OF INFORM. PROCESSING SCIENCE 
NESTE SHIPPING OY 
NOKIA CORPORATION 
NOKIA CORPORATION 
NOKIA CORPORATION 
NOKIA CORPORATION 
NOKIA CORPORATION 
NOKIA CORPORATION 
NOKIA CORPORATION RESEARCH CENTER 
NOKIA CORPORATION RESEARCH CENTER 
NOKIA MOBILE PHONES 
OY L M ERICSSON AB 
OY L M ERICSSON AB 
POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS OF FINLAND 
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR INFORMATION TECHN 
Rirr-SPL 
SONDI OY 
TELECOM FINLAND 
UNIVERSITY HELSINKI (TECHNOLOGY) 
UNIVERSITY OF OULU -Country 
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SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
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SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
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SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
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C^ 
Participating Organisations 
Project Role* Company 
R2006 P UNTVERSITY TAMHERE fiTCHNOLOGY) 
R2008 P UNIVERSITY TAMPERE flECHNOLOGY) 
R2O40 A VISTA COMKiUNICATlONS INSTRUMENTS 
R2008 P VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE FINLAND 
R2009 P VTT TECHNICAL RJiSEARCH CENTRE FINLAND 
R2032 P VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE FINLAND 
R2033 P VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE FINLAND 
R2036 P VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE FINLAND 
R2066 P VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE FINLAND 
R2067 P VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE FINLAND 
R2I15 P VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCT CENTRE FINLAND 
R2166 P VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE FINLAND Country 
Sr 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
SF 
R2O40 
R2047 
R2022 
R2016 
R20I9 
R2085 
R2087 
R2091 
R2049 
R2043 
R2007 
R2054 
R2O80 
R2030 
R2001 
R2006 
R2016 
R2049 
R2062 
R2063 
R2I03 
R2080 
R2043 
R2U7 
R2001 
R2052 
R2055 
R2065 
R2067 
R2082 
R2110 
R2001 
R20I2 
R20I4 
R2020 
R2021 
R2022 
R2034 
R2039 
R2063 
R2066 
R2067 
R2068 
R2081 
R2083 
R2096 
R2101 
R2I04 
R2I66 
R2015 
R2016 
R20I8 
R2028 
R2044 
R2049 
R2061 
R2070 
R2080 
R2U2 
R20I8 
R2048 
R2073 
R2033 
R2II7 
R2063 
R20S0 
R2063 
R2I12 A 
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ABERDEEN AND NORTHERN MARTS 
ALBANET 
ANALYSYSLTD 
ANALYSYSLTD 
ANAL YSYS LTD 
ANALYSYS LTD 
ANALYSYSLTD 
ARCHITECTURE PROJECTS MANAGEMENT LTD 
ASMOLEAN MUSEUM 
ATAT NETWORK SYSTEMS UK LTD 
AUTOMATED SECURITY HOLDINGS 
BICCPLC 
BIS 
BNR EUROPE LTD 
BNR EUROPE LTD 
BNR EUROPE LTD 
BNR EUROPE LTD 
BNR EUROPE LTD 
BNR EUROPE LTD 
BOOKHAM TECHNOLOGY LTD 
BO VIS CONSTRUCTION LTD 
BRAMEUR 
BRITISH AEROSPACE SPACE SYSTEMS LIMITED 
BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION 
BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION 
BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION 
BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION 
BRITISH BRC1ADCASTTNG CORPORATION 
BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION 
BRITISH BROATX1ASTTNG CORPORATION 
BRITISH TELECOM PLC 
BRITISH TELECOM PLC 
BRITISH TELECOM PLC 
BRITISH TELECOM PLC 
BRITISH TELECOM PLC 
BRITISH TELECOM PLC 
BRITISH TELECOM PLC 
BRITISH TELECOM PLC 
BRITISH TELECOM PLC 
BRITISH TELECOM PLC 
BRITISH TELECOM PLC 
BRmSHTELECOM PLC 
BRTTTSH TELECOM PLC 
BRmSHTELECOM PLC 
BRmSHTELECOM PLC 
BRITISH TELECOM PLC 
BRTITSH TELECOM PLC 
BRmSHTELECOM PLC 
BRITISH TELECOM LABORATORIES 
BRITISH TELECOM LABORATORIES 
BRITISH TELECOM LABORATORIES 
BRITISH TELECOM LABORATORIES 
BRITISH TELECOM LABORATORIES 
BRITISH TELECOM LABORATORIES 
BRITISH TELECOM LABORATORIES 
BRITISH TELECOM LABORATORIES 
BRITISH TELECOM LABORATORIES 
BTPLC-SYNTEGRA 
BTAD TECHNOLOGIES LTD 
BTAD TECHNOLOGIES LTD 
BTAD TECHNOLOGIES LTD 
CAMDEN BOROUGH COUNCIL 
CENTRE FOR SATELLITE ENG. RESEARCH 
COMMERCIAL UNION ASSURANCE PLC 
COMPUTER INDUSTRY RESEARCH UNIT 
COMPUTER INDUSTRY RESEARCH UNIT 
COMPUTER VISION UK LTD UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
Page 14 
Participating Organisations 
Project Role* Company Country 
R2034 
R2024 
R204I 
R2049 
R2059 
R2I14 
R2II6 
R2037 
R2042 
R2038 
R2I07 
R2042 
R2009 
R2012 
R20I2 
R2015 
R2I08 
R2023 
R21I9 
R2069 
R2005 
R2065 
R2O01 
R2070 
R2115 
R2069 
R2070 
R2070 
R2073 
R2073 
R2086 
R2095 
R2014 
R2065 
R2070 
R2073 
R2083 
R2J18 
R2042 
R2063 
R2049 
R2022 
R2106 
R2030 
R2092 
R2112 
R2054 
R2034 
R2051 
R2078 
R2O90 
R2091 
R2082 
R21I0 
R21U 
R2O01 
R2O40 
R2033 
R2030 
R2035 
R2051 
R2058 
R2076 
R2I19 
R2015 
R2040 
R2033 
R2071 
R2094 
R2042 
R2078 
R2030 
R2019 
R2047 
R2076 
R2089 
R2093 
R21H 
R2023 
R2106 
R2038 P 
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CRAY COMMUNICATIONS LTD 
CRAY COMMUNICATIONS LTD 
CRAY COMMUNICATIONS LTD 
CRAY COMMUNICATIONS LTD 
CRAY COMMUNICATIONS LTD 
CRAY COMMUNICATIONS LTD 
CROSFEELD 
CROSFEELD ELECTRONICS LTD. 
DEPT.MAT.TECH BRUNEL UNIV. COORDINATOR 
DIGITHURST LIMITED 
DISCLOSURE LTD 
DUNDEE UNIVERSITY MICROCOMPUTER CENTRE 
ERA TECHNOLOGY LTD 
ERA TECHNOLOGY LTD 
ERA TECHNOLOGY LTD 
ERA TECHNOLOGY LTD 
EUROBELLUMTTED 
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY TELEWORKING FORUM 
GA YTON PHOTONICS LTD 
GEC MARCONI MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LTD 
GEC MARCONI MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LTD 
GEC-MARCONI DEFENCE SYSTEMS 
GEC-MARCONJ HIRST RESEARCH CENTRE 
GEC-MARCONI LIMITED 
GEC-MARCONI MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LTD 
GEC-MARCONI MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LTD. 
GEC-MARCONI MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LTD. 
GEC-MARCONI MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LTD. 
GEC-MARCONI MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LTD. 
GENERAL TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS LTD 
GENERAL TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS LTD 
GPTLTD. 
GPTLTD.. 
GPTLTD. 
GPTLTD. 
GPTLTD. 
GPTLTD. 
GRATTANPLC 
GUARDIAN ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE PLC 
HEWLETT PACKARD LABORATORIES 
HIGHLAND REGIONAL COUNCIL 
HIGHLAND REGIONAL COUNCIL 
HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS ENTERPRISE 
HUSAT RESEARCH INSTITUTE 
HUSAT RESEARCH INSTITUTE 
121 VISION LTD 
IAD AEROSPACE 
ICL ASSOCIATED USERS 
EFC RESEARCH 
EFC RESEARCH LTD 
ETC RESEARCH LTD 
INDEPENDANT TELEVBION COMMISSION 
INDEPENDENT TELEVBION COMMISSION 
INDEPENDENT TELEVBION COMMISSION 
INDEPENDENT TELEVBION NEWS 
INMARSAT 
INTERACTION DESIGN LTD 
INTERACTrVE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTS 
INTERNATIONAL AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN 
INTERNATIONAL COMPUTERS LIMITED 
INTERNATIONAL COMPUTERS LIMITED 
EPS YS SOFTWARE PLC 
K-NETLTD. 
KINGS COLLEGE LONDON 
LI VEWERE DIGITAL LIMITED 
LOUGHBOROUGH UNTVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 
LOUGHBOROUGH UNTVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 
LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 
MACMTLLAN PUBUSHERS LTD. 
MARI (NORTHERN IRELAND) LTD 
MARI COMPUTER SYSTEMS 
MARI COMPUTER SYSTEMS LTD 
MARI COMPUTER SYSTEMS LTD 
MARI COMPUTER SYSTEMS LTD 
MARI COMPUTER SYSTEMS LTD 
MARI COMPUTER SYSTEMS LTD 
MARI COMPUTER SYSTEMS LTD 
MARI GROUP 
MENTEC LTD 
MERCK LTD UK UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
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UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
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UK 
UK 
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UK 
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Page 15 
6? 
Participating Organisations 
Project 
R2078 
R2033 
R200I 
R2089 
R2105 
R20I8 
R2038 
R2O80 
R2071 
R2068 
R2090 
R2O20 
R2I05 
R2037 
R2042 
R2028 
R2002 
R2021 
R2024 
R2052 
R2061 
R2072 
R2095 
R2066 
R2084 
R2118 
R2118 
R2166 
R21I2 
R2033 
R2056 
R2071 
R2106-
R2041 
R204I 
R2022 
R2022 
R2110 
R2109 
R2086 
R200I 
R2119 
R2U2 
R2045 
R2059 
R2006 
R2117 
R2007 
R2108 
R2071 
R2115 
R2004 
R2089 
R2114 
R2005 
R2076 
R2095 
R2028 
R2U1 
R2030 
R2095 
R2074 
R2075 
R2056 
R20I5 
R2036 
R2084 
R2105 
R2074 
R2094 
R2033 
R2070 
R2003 Role" Company 
A NORTHERN IRISANT/ TQUklST BOARD 
S NDRTHWO; J> S Y JTZMS AND SERVICES LIMITED 
P NTH OPTOELECTRONICS DIVBION 
A OCTAGON LTD 
C OCTACONLTD 
P OPTOELECTRONICS RESEARCH CENTRE 
P ORC. SOUTHAMPTON UNIV.. UK 
P OVEARUP A PARTNERS 
P OXFORD BROOKES UNrVERSTTY 
P OXFORD UNIVERSITY 
C PALACE LTD 
S PHELEPS RESEARCH LABORATORIES 
P PHILIPS RESEARCH LABORATORIES 
P PERA INTERNATIONAL 
P PERA INTERNATIONAL 
A PIRELLI GENERAL PLC 
P QUEEN MARY AND WESTFIELD COLLEGE 
P QUEEN MARY AND WESTFIELD COLLEGE 
P QUEEN MARY AND WESTFIELD COLLEGE 
P QUEEN MARY AND WESTFIELD COLLEGE 
P QUEEN MARY AND WESTFIELD COLLEGE 
P QUEEN MARY AND WESTFIELD COLLEGE 
A QUEEN MARY AND WESTFTELD COLLEGE 
S ROKE MANOR RESEARCH LTD 
S ROKE MANOR RESEARCH LTD 
S ROKE MANOR RESEARCHLTD 
S ROKE MANOR RESEARCH LTD 
S ROKE MANOR RESEARCH LTD 
C ROVER GROUP 
P ROYAL NATIONAL DXSTnTJIE FOR DEAF PEOPLE 
P RUTHERFORD APPLETONIABORATORY 
P RUTOERFC)RDAPPLETON LABORATORY 
A SABHALMOROSTAIG 
P S ALFORD NETWORKING INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 
S SALFORD SOFTWARE SERVICES 
A SCOTTISH COUNCIL FOR VOLUNTARY ORGANIS 
A SCOTTISH HOMES 
A SNELL AND WILCOX LTD 
P SOUTHAMPTON OPT. RES. CENTRE 
P SPRU 
P SWINDON SILICON SYSTEMS LTD 
P SYSTEMS SYNTHESIS LTD. 
P TRW SSL 
P UK ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY 
P UNEPROLTMTTED 
P UNTVERSITY BATH 
P UNrVERSTTY BRADFORD 
P UNIVERSITY BRISTOL 
P UNIVERSITY BRISTOL 
P UNIVERSITY BUCKINGHAM 
P ' UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE 
A UNIVERSnT COLLEGE LONDON 
P UNTVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON 
P UNTVERSTTY COLLEGE LONDON 
P UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NORTH WALES 
P UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF WALES 
A UNTVERSTTY COLLEGE-NORTH WALES 
P UNIVERSITY ESSEX 
S UNIVERSITY ESSEX 
P UNIVERSITY NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE 
A UNIVERSITY NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE 
P UNIVERSITY SALFORD 
P UNIVERSITY SALFORD 
P UNIVERSITY SHEFFIELD 
P UNIVERSITY SOUTHAMPTON 
P UNIVERSITY STRATHCLYDE 
P UNIVERSITY STRATHCLYDE 
P UNIVERSrrY STRATHCLYDE 
P UNIVERSITY SURREY 
P UNTVERSTTY SURREY 
S UNTVERSITY VICTORIA MANCHESTER 
A UNTVERSTTY WALES/BANGOR 
P VODAFONE LTD Country 
UK 
ir^' 
Uk 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 
•Role: 
C -Coordinator 
P- Partner 
A - Associated Partner 
S - Subcontractor 
Page 16 
6 £ 
Annex III 
Statistics on participation 
Type of Organisation Participations by Type of Organisation 
(ManMonths) 
A = University or other Educational Establishment 
D = Telecom/IT Industry 
G = National and Local Public Organisation B = Telecommunications Operator's Organisation 
E = Telecom/IT User 
O = Other C = Government or other Research Establishment 
F = Service Provider Organisation 
F G O 
2% 1%2°/fl 
RMC Confidential 
Type of Organisation Participations by Type of Organisation 
(N. of Partners) 
A = University or other Educational Establishment 
D = Telecom/IT Industry 
G = National and Local Public Organisation B * Telecommunications Operator's Organisation 
E * Telecom/IT User 
O = Other C = Government or other Research Establishment 
F = Service Provider Organisation 
RMC Confidential 
Participations by Size of Organisation 
(N. of Partners) 
No. of Employees 
Code Less than 50 51-100 101-500 501-1000 1001-5000 Over 5000 
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S8 
S5 
20% 
Participations by Size of Organisation 
(ManMonths) 
No. of Employees 
Code Less than 50 51-100 101-500 501-1000 1001-5000 Over 5000 
S1 S2 S3 84 S5 So 
S3 
17% 
Country B D DK 
% 3.80 18.29 2.77 Participations by Country 
(N. of Partners) 
E ( F GR I IRL L NL P UK A CH 
4.83 16.86 5.54 7.21 3.96 0.16 6.49 4.35 17.42 0.16 2.30 N 
1.19 S 
1.66 SF 
3.01 
250 
200 
150 
100 
50 
Country B D DK 
% 3.80 18.29 2.77 E ' F GR 
4.83 16.86 5.54 Participations by Country 
(N. of Partners) 
I IRL L NL P UK A CH N S SF 
7.21 3.96 0.16 6.49 4.35 17.42 0.16 2.30 1.19 1.66 3.01 
S SF B 
Annex IV 
Recommendations of the Stragtegic Audit Panel in 1993 
» 
ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS 
FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 
AND SOCIAL COHESION 
IN EUROPE 
Strategic Audit of the development of advanced 
communications in Europe 
1 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION 
Telecommunications services arc crucial for 
balanced economic development They arc a 
vital link between industry, the services sector 
and market as well as between peripheral areas 
and economic centres. They are also a pre­
requisite for social cohesion and cultural de­
velopment It takes a long time to develop a 
new technology and even longer to deploy it 
Nevertheless, Europe needs rapid development 
of advanced communications to address new 
economic and social problems: pollution, 
transport congestion, and economic re-struc­
turing. 
We live in a European community that needs to 
work together, and we need the best telecom­
munication services we can achieve. The 
Community will grow, and transparent net­
works need to grow with it Advanced commu­
nication services will multiply the benefits ôf 
more traditional services. In the US, Japan and 
Europe, some major corporations have already 
realised the advantages that can accrue: lower 
costs, improved productivity and competitive 
advantages. Europeans arc at a disadvantage. 
There is still a gap between the potential of 
technology and the reality of applications. 
The first two phases of RACE focused on 
integrated broadband networks and demon­
strations of how services could exploit such 
networks. Establishing common standards was 
an essential theme. The programme has been a 
success, but it is now urgent to stimulate in­
novative use. Users now insist that networks 
meet their requirements rather than accept what 
network operators find it convenient to give 
them. For future EC actions, a paradigm shift 
is needed away from technology development 
to a broader policy stimulating use. 
Community-led research and technology de­
velopment is certainly still needed in selected 
areas: there are still many problems that arc too 
big for any one player to solve on his own. 
However, a major shift in emphasis is needed 
to stimulate new uses of networks, to ensure 
that the Community exploits communications 
fully for business efficiency and for its social 
needs. The Community must stimulate such 
uses - to give them a kick-start. Experience 
shows that innovative use develops best when 
driven by consortia of interested users together 
with manufacturers and network providers.. One example of the kind of use we have in mind 
is computer-supported co-operative working, in­
cluding dial-up video conferences, with a termi­
nal on the desk for meetings as and when required 
with widely scattered people and all the necessary 
papers visible. The time saving would be enor­
mous: no need to sit in cars and aeroplanes; 
perhaps 10% fewer cars on the roads. Such 
services are increasingly used in the USA. In 
Europe, virtually all the base technology is there, 
but the marketable products and service are not 
There are many other examples. 
All these uses assume the availability of the 
service-oriented networks and open access for 
service providers, leading to sensible tariffs. We 
are too. slow in achieving this across Europe. 
There seems to be general acceptance that liber­
alisation of network and service provision can 
speed things up, and the recent review of the 
situation in the telecommunications services sec­
tor has clarified how fast it can happen. The 
challenge of the 21st century will be one of 
managing diversity in infrastructures, institutions 
and services. This will require a sharing of 
regulatory responsibilities between the EC and 
Member States, and coordination of national 
regulatory activities across the Community. Dif­
ferent things will happen in different countries, if 
only because they start from different network 
and tariff structures, but there must be a common 
vision of where we arc going. There is no doubt 
that the current diversity of regulations will in­
hibit many of the user innovations one wants to 
sec. 
Innovative usage trials, in particular, require an 
enabling regulatory environment. The Treaty on 
European Union makes provision for the 
"Community to contribute to the establishment 
and development of transEuropean networks in 
the area of telecommunications", and could 
provide the appropriate framework. European 
PNOs and industry should jointly investigate 
how Trans-European Broadband Networks can be 
realised in the most economical way. and the 
Commission should investigate how this frame­
work could be used to stimulate usage innova­
tion. 
l~ 
With the Treaty on European Union, EC R&D 
ceases to be only a basis for innovation and a 
key to competitiveness; it must also make a 
contribution to answering society's 'needs. 
European R&D in communications remains 
indispensable. "Networking" research should 
concentrate on the interworking and integration 
of mobile communication systems, universal 
personal communications and the distribution 
of network and service intelligence. However, 
we must not stop technology development: We 
must have the courage to address a number of 
"high-risk", "high potential" concepts, but we 
must be selective. The emphasis on standards 
is still vital, and the EC should assign a "man­
datory" status, cither directly or indirectly, to 
key standards. 
The telecommunications field is tremendously 
dynamic and there should be a close and con­
tinuous interaction between the RACE man­
agement and the major players through appro­
priate channels - the network operators, indus­
try, governments and probably regulators. They 
should advise the Commission on a continuing 
basis and help to identify priority research 
areas. Most business activities are world-wide, and 
telecommunications must therefore operate 
globally. The mergers that arc going on in 
majcrindusmes.incluo^gtelcœmmunicarions, em­
phasise this global dimension. Glob.il co-opcrv 
tion will be needed in applications development, 
and could be of mutual benefit in the development 
of networking technologies. 
These observations, and the following "Calls for 
Action" arc the outcome of the Strategic Audit of 
advanced communications in Europe carried out 
by three panels of key figures from industry, 
academia. governments, telecommunications 
network operators and service providers in early 
1993. The views expressed arc those of the 
Participants. 
<r<r<-><r<^<r^<^^<-0-0'<' 
HI 
US* A "Call for Action* 
Telecommunications is crucial for balanced economic development, for social cohesion and for 
cultural development in Europe. The EC urgently needs advanced communications to stay 
competitive and meet social objectives. The following recommendations for action have been 
identified by Panel I1}: 
Highest priority is for the RACE programme to be followed with two new initiatives: 
a continuing effort in European communications technology development; and a new 
framework for larger-scale usage innovation, procurement and stimulation in areas of 
public interest 
The European Commission should 
propose a new financial framework and 
ways for usage innovation, procurement 
and stimulation. 
Regulatory bodies should remove con­
straints to integration of services and 
liberalisation of markets in an appropri­
ate timetable. 
Public Network Operators, in con­
junction with the CEC and regulatory 
bodies, should take further actions to 
ensure the full inter-operability of their 
networks. 
The European Commission should in­
dicate what forms of cooperation between 
public and private operators can be en­
couraged. It should initiate consultation 
on new regulatory frameworks for inter­
active video services. European research and standardisa­
tion institutions must now have a global 
perspective. The European Commis­
sion should enable and encourage R&D 
cooperation with US A and Japan on the 
basis of mutual interest. 
The new democracies of eastern and 
central Europe should be encouraged to 
participate in ETSI. The EBRD and the 
World Bank should give more attention 
to telecommunications for industrial and 
market development in eastern and cen­
tral Europe. 
EC R&D should continue to stimulate 
standardisation, and should address se­
lected areas of communications technol­
ogy development, including both digital 
TV distribution and interactive 
video services. A strengthened manage­
ment link with PNOs, industry, regula­
tors and Governments will be important 
,} This part of the audit, on economic and policy issues, was carried out by Mr. Alvey (Chainnan); Mr. M. Allione of STET; Mr. 
J. Cornu of Alcatel; Mr. T. Hardiman of IBM: Mr. B. Lasserreof the French Ministry of Telecommunications; Professor C. 
Salerru of the Institute Superior Tecnico in Portugal; Dr. G. Tenzer of the DBP Telekom, and Mr. S. Temple of the UK DTL 
While we have a rich portfolio of advanced communications technologyt its take-up in usage 
is slower than in Europe's main competitors: we lack the right conditions for innovation in 
ussage. We needa common infrastructure, equal access, lower prices and common specifica­
tions. The Panel of key figures of major user organizations and service providers'* has 
recommended that: 
PNOs need to increase their awareness of 
customer needs, strengthen their service 
and distribution channels, and support us­
age innovation. 
PNOs should introduce switched broad­
band services for corporate users, with 
flexible bandwidth management and com­
mercially attractive tariffs by 1995, and in 
the context of a realistic "business-case 
driven" design for public advanced com­
munications. 
We must solve the problems of SMEs, as 
well as those of large companies. The first 
step is to specify generic applications, and 
compatible services and equipment; then 
to stimulate their take-up. 
Europe needs a new framework for articu­
lation of demand which all actors cooperate 
in developing concepts and specifications 
for both corporate and generic service in­
frastructures. In this framework, the EC 
should support trials to test the technical 
and economic viability of advanced com­
munications usage in "closed user groups". One focus should be on development 
of TransEuropean "Inter-Organisa 
tional Systems" to provide a common 
platform for inter-organisational commu­
nication, information exchange and coop­
eration, including joint teleworking in dif­
ferent organisations, and office inter­
working. 
We must make the transition from Elec­
tronic Data Interchange (EDI) to Electronic 
Process Integration (EPI) to facilitate 
flexible inter-organisational links; promote 
usage of switched broadband telecom­
munications infrastructure, and provide a 
common platform for inter-organisational 
communication. 
• There is a demand for personal mobility 
within and across a wide variety of telecom­
munications networks and through multi -
service environments. Research in 1994-
1998 should focus on development of sys­
tems which provides for full mobiliity. 
^ This part of the audit, on trends in demand and the re-structuring of supply, was carried out by Mr. M. Ross (Chairman) of A.D. 
Little; Mr. D. Claude of European Aerospace Network; Mr. A. Graziani of Tclesoft; Mr. W. Johannscn of Deutsche Bank; Mr. P. 
Kanzow of Detecon; Mr. G. Mogenscn of TeleDenmarfc; Mr. L. Oooson of S AS. and Mr. H. Soboll of Daimler-Benz AG. 
n -, 
Solid bases have been established on which to base a reasonably clear vision ofthe networks 
ofthe first decade ofthe 21* century. Basic technology exists, and in theshort term, work needs 
to focus on achieving lower costs and higher reliabilities. We need market stimulation, and 
very selective further technology development to fill some gaps and enable PNOs to exploit 
technologies. These observations and the following recommendations are the outcome of the 
3rd part of the Strategic Audit3* of advanced communications in Europe. 
• For terminals and digital video, tech­
nology for integrating data, image and 
voice exists today, but there is a need to 
cut costs by development of integrated 
devices (VLSI) for image compression, 
variable Bit-rate coding, and high-effi­
ciency modulation techniques. Beyond 
this, new technologies arc needed for 
hypermedia presentations, network inter­
faces, displays and mass storage. 
1/ For service creation, management and 
user control, "Service Independent 
Building Blocks'* are starting to produce 
practical results, but the process of speci­
fication, validation, and service engineer­
ing must be continued. Realistic proto­
types must be produced, and "operating 
systems*' for advanced communication 
services developed. 
• For network integrity and management, 
new systems must be developed on stand­
ards-based platforms using high-per­
formance distributed databases, artificial 
intelligence and open distributed process­
ing. 
#/ The European PNOs and industry should 
jointly investigate how Trans-European 
high-speed networks and LAN-LAN 
interconnection can be realised in the 
most economical way. For inter-opera­
tion, application interfaces, in addition to 
protocols, arc essential to achieve trans­
parent network interopcration. New cli­
ent-server paradigms and object-oriented 
programming may help to guarantee their 
intcropcrability, portability and reusabil­
ity Mobile service provision on fixed net­
works needs real-time databases; fur­
ther development is limited by these 
technologies, security issues and com­
plexity of billing. Priorities for R&D arc 
the integration of access and network 
signalling, increased processing capa­
bilities in customer equipment and ter­
minals, and development of new signal­
ling protocols to support distributed da­
tabases and security requirements. In­
creased R&D efforts are also needed in 
ISDN-UMTS interworking and satellite 
systems for rapid service development in 
rural areas. 
For optical systems, breakthroughs re­
quired are in integrated optical subsys­
tems, free packaging techniques for op­
tical components, niass-xnanufacturing 
techniques, and optical cross-connects. 
Priority should also be given to R&D on 
multiwavelength networks. 
Finally, Europe cannot give up on new 
enabling technologies: We can already 
identify some ofthe key technologies for 
21st century: holographic displays for 
3D autostercoscopic vision; virtual pres­
ence technologies; life-images recogni­
tion and synthesis; hypermedia objects; 
high-capacity data storage; new genera-
coding techniques, eig. for mobile appli­
cations, and human visual perception 
studies. 
^This pan ofthe audit, on technology development issues, was carried out by Mr. A. Chynowcth; Mx. L. Citti of Alcatel; Mx. J. Linares 
ofTelcfonica; Mr. C. Mossotto of CSELT; Mr. P. Nordeste of CET; Mr. H. Ohnsorge of Alcatel SEL; Dr! K.U. Stein of Siemens and 
Mr.M.WardofGPT. 
Annex V 
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS 
6 
Explanation of commonly used terms and acronyms 
Note: Detailed prescriptive definitions, published by the various regulatory and standardisation bodies, exist 
for many ofthe terms used in telecommunications technology. The glossary below is intended to provide less 
technical descriptions appropriate to the non-specialist reader. 
Applications: Specific Applications: Generic Applications 
The function or use to which a telecommunications service is put. Functions which are highly specific, e.g. 
personal telebanking, are described as Specific Applications. Functions of a general nature which may underlie 
many Specific Applications - e.g. as a system of high-speed, high security data transfer is required for personal 
telebanking but also many other financial services - are referred to as Generic Applications. 
ADSL (Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Loop) 
A transmission technique which allows three or four channels of video to be transmitted over short distances on 
copper local loops. Currently being tested in the USA and Europe. 
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) 
A system for organising a digital signal in such a way as to allow very high speed transmission of the signal 
while making optimum use ofthe network's transmission capacity. A standard agreed for B-ISDN networks. 
Bearer Services 
In ISDN termonology; bearer services are the basic telecommunications facilities, such as switched 64 Kilobit 
per second channels or digital leased circuits, which are the medium for carrying out teleservices (see below). 
B-ISDN: Broadband Network 
An integrated services digital network (see ISDN) permitting the user to make transmissions at speeds above 2 
Megabits per second i.e. one particularly suitable for high quality multimedia services. 
Bit 
A single element of binary code (i.e. a 0 or a 1). See Transmission, Digital 
Kilobit - one thousand (103) bits 
Megabit - one million (106) bits 
Gigabit - one billion (109) bits 
Terabit - one trillion (1012)bits 
CATV (Community Antenna Television, Cable Television) 
A public network for the delivery of television programmes to the home by cable. Existing systems use coaxial 
cable and are limited in Europe to approximately 30 channels of television. Future broadband systems will 
carry up to 500 channels to the viewer. 
Cellular Telephone 
A system of mobile telephony whereby a country is divided into a thousands of small areas ("cells"), each of 
which is served by its own "base station" for low-powered radio transmissions. This permits a user in one cell 
to transmit on thé same frequency as another user in a geographically distant cell without their conversations 
interfering with each other. Thus, cellular networks may have many more users than non-cellular networks, 
where the number of users is limited to the number of wavelengths available. Cellular telephone networks may 
employ analogue or digital transmission. Existing networks are largely analogue, new. networks use the 
European GSM digital standard 
<*«-; 
Compression 
The technique of reducing the amount of data in a signal, so as to be more economical in the amount of 
transmission capacity needed, the signal being reconstructed in its original form at the receiving end. A device 
to do this is a codec (coder-decoder) 
CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) 
The telecommunications equipment which is located on the customers' premises - principally terminals 
(phones, rax machines etc.) or an internal telephone network controlled from a private switchboard - sometimes 
referred to as CPN, Customer Premises Network or SPN Subscriber Premises Network. 
CT2 (2nd Generation Cordless Telephone, "Telepoint") 
An economical system of cellular telephony. Unlike full cellular, the user may not move from cell to cell during 
the call. The service is commercialised as Bi-Bop in France, Greenpoinî in the Netherlands, Pointer in Finland 
etc. 
Digital Superhighway 
A US government initiative to provide for that country a nation-wide system of broadband communications 
Economy of integration 
Reduction in cost due to the sharing of facilities and services. 
Economy of scale 
Reduction in cost due to large volume of production and service provision. 
Economy of scope 
Reduction in cost due to quick recovery of investment related to rapid user uptake of widely available services. 
ERMES (European Radio Messaging System) 
A pan-European standard for radio paging systems, currently being deployed in Europe. 
FTTC (Fibre To The Curb): FTTH (Fibre To The Home) 
Future optical fibre networks may extend the optical fibre to the individual home (FTTH), or the fibre may 
terminate at a "black box" located in the street, where the optical signal is converted to an electrical signal and 
carried the remaining distance to each home on the pre-existing copper wiring (FTTC). 
GSM (Groupe Spéciale Mobile, Global System for Mobile Communications) 
See Cellular Telephone 
HDTV (High Definition Television) 
A service of high image-quality television displayed on a wide screen (in the aspect ratio of 16:9 rather than the 
conventional television screen of 4:3). Such a service is currently being broadcast in Japan (Hi-Vision), a 
European standard has been established (HD-MAC), though no service has been deployed as further work in 
the United States, involving both American and European manufacturers, is currently developing an advanced 
digital standard. 
Interactivity 
Interactivity in a service implies a close control by the user of the service by means of an ongoing system of 
two-way communication between between user and service provider. Thus an interactive TV broadcast of, say, 
a sporting event, would allow the viewer to select his own camera angles throughout the broadcast 
Interconnectivity 
Devices demonstrate interconnectivity if they can send and receive data between each other. 
Interoperability 
Devices demonstrate interoperability if, in addition to communicating with each other, they can also work 
together to execute a common task. 
IBC (Integrated Broadband Communications) 
The global term for the future overall communications environment, embracing Broadband-ISDN, 
Narrowband-ISDN, mobile telephony and existing conventional telephone services together with data 
communications and cable TV. 
IN 
See Networks, Intelligent 
Internet 
The world's largest computer communications system. Originated in the United States, though now operating 
world-wide, the Internet is a loose confederation of principally academic and research computer networks, and 
is run by a group of volunteers based in Reston, Virginia. 
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): N-ISDN: B-ISDN 
A single network capable of carrying several different types of service - based on voice, text, data, still image or 
moving image - by means of digital transmission techniques. The ISDN currently being deployed in Europe 
carries a communication of up to 2 Megabits per second (Narrowband ISDN). Future networks will cany 
higher speed communications (Broadband ISDN). 
LAN (Local Area Network) 
A network for communication between computers, confined to a single building or closely located group of 
buildings, permitting users to exchange data, share a common printer or master computer etc. Linked groups of 
LANs extended over a larger area are termed Wide Area Networks (WANs). Networks which extend over city-
wide areas are called Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). 
LEO (Low Earth Orbit), LEOS (Low Earth Orbit Satellite) 
Proposed systems of personal telecommunications based on communication via a number of satellites in low 
(non-geosynchronous) orbit. The best known of these proposal is called the "Iridium" project. 
Local loop 
The section of the telephone transmission network between the local telephone exchange and the subscriber' s 
premises. This is currently in copper wiring. In future, optical fibre or wireless will also be used. 
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) 
See LAN. 
Modem 
Computer data is in digital form. To send it on the existing telephone network it is necessary to convert it to 
analogue (electrical wave) form, and then reconvert it to its original digital form on arrival. The device to do 
this is called a modem (modulator-demodulator). As the existing telephone network is not well adapted for data 
transmission, modems send their data at a relatively slow rate so as to avoid transmission errors. Users 
requiring more reliable or higher speed data transmission subscribe to ISDN or certain specialised data 
networks (see Networks, Data) 
Multimedia 
The concept of closely combimng voice, text, data, still image and moving image. A multimedia database, for 
example, would contain textual information, images, video, clips, tables of data, all equally easily accessed. A 
multimedia telecommunications service (such as B-ISDN) would permit the user to send or receive any of these 
forms of information, interchangeably at will. 
<p\ 
Multiplexing 
The technique whereby many conversations may be carried simultaneously on a single line. This may be by 
transmitting each conversation at a different frequency (Frequency Division Multiplexing); or by transmitting 
small sections of each conversation at slightly different time intervals (Time Division Multiplexing); or, in 
optical fibre networks, by transmitting each conversation in a different colour of light (Wavelength Division 
Multiplexing). A device to do this is called a multiplexer or mux. 
Network 
A complete system of communications between users' terminals. Networks may be "point to point" (the 
transmission goes from a fixed origin to a fixed destination), "switched" (the transmission is switched so as to 
reach a single destination out of many possibilities) or "broadcast" (the transmission goes simultaneously to 
multiple destinations). Networks may be "public" (owned by an operator and open to any member of the public 
who subscribes) or "private" (owned or leased by an individual or company or group of companies exclusively 
for own use). A network may be "real" (physically separate from the public network) or "virtual" (using public 
network facilities, which revert to public use when no longer required in the private network). 
Networks, Data 
Networks specialised in the transmission of data rather than voice. Among such networks are Circuit Switched 
Data Networks (CSDN; which include the so-called X.21 networks), Packet Switched Data Networks (PSDN, 
X.25 networks), Frame relay networks, Switched Multimegabit Data Services networks (SMDS). 
Networks, Speed of 
"Speed", when used of a digital network, refers to the number of bits per second it can cany, thus it is a 
measure ofthe capacity ofthe network. To carry voice, the industry in Europe has standardised on a speed of 
64 Kilobits per second. Still images may also be transmitted adequately at this rate. Full-colour moving images 
require transmission speeds of the order of 150 Megabits'per second, though using various compression 
techniques, moving images (though of less than normal TV quality) can be transmitted at 2 Megabits per 
second. Trunk connections, which carry many calls at once (see Multiplexing), require of course multiples of 
these speeds. 
Networks, Intelligent 
An "intelligent" network (IN) includes sophisticated features above those of the ordinary telephone service, 
advanced software allowing the customisation of the services provided to individual customers. For example, it 
allows the called party to redirect calls intended for him to another terminal (e.g. from home phone to his office 
phone during the working day). It allows calls to be billed wholly or in part to someone other than the caller 
("freephone" services). It provides virtual private network services (see Networks) etc. 
Networks, Optical Fibre 
Telecommunications networks based on fine glass fibres, down which signals may be sent by flashing a laser. 
Earliest networks were "multimode", newer "monomode" networks have a higher transmission capacity. 
NREN (National Research and Education Network) 
Based on the initiative of US Vice President Al Gore, the NREN is a US high speed network linking a number 
of research and educational institutes throughout the USA. It is seen as a forerunner of the proposed Digital 
Superhighway (see above). 
PABX (Private Automatic Branch Exchange): PBX (Private Branch Exchange) 
The private switchboard located on his premises, with which a business subscriber controls the calls on his own 
internal telephones. 
PAL (Phase Alternation Line) 
The standard for colour TV broadcasting currently in use in most West European countries 
PCN (Personal Communications Networks) 
-1 
A form of cellular telephone network specifically adapted for personal portable use, based on a technology 
known as DCS 1800. Such services are currently being deployed in Europe. Similar services in the USA are 
referred to as PCS (Personal Communications Services). 
PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) 
A personal computer of pocket size, where text is input by handwriting on a screen (rather than conventionally 
via a keyboard) is known as a "notepad" computer. A notepad computer with advanced features and 
communications facilities is referred to as a Personal Digital Assistant 
Portability 
Used of a computer programme, implies the programme can be executed on a number of different computers 
with no or only minimal adaptation. 
PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) 
The everyday telephone network, used for the transmission of voice conversations, fax images and for low 
speed data transmission. The basic voice service is also sometimes referred to as POTS (Plain Old Telephone 
Service). 
QoS (Quality of Service) 
For a telecommunications service; a measure of the level of performance required by the user, including for 
example maximum permissible call set-up time, error rate, amount of echo, noise, distortion etc. 
Sécam (Système Electronique Couleur avec Mémoire) 
The standard for colour TV broadcasting currently in use in France and most East European countries 
Service 
An activity which a service provider carries out on request of a client. In a telecommunications network, a 
service (e.g. voice telephony, E-Mail, file transfer, fax transmission etc.) is the means by which the user carries 
out his application (see Application). 
Teleservice 
In ISDN terminology; teleservices are the application-orientated services (e.g. facsimile, videotex, message 
handling) which are implemented on the bearer services (see above). 
Teleworking 
The capability to cany out one's work at a location other than the one usually used, by means of 
telecommunications facilities. 
Transmission, Analogue 
Historically, telephone or radio signals were transmitted in the form of a wave of electrical energy, the shape of 
the wave representing the original sound. Thus the electrical wave is analogous to the original sound wave. 
Transmission, Digital 
In a digital telecommumcations service, the original source is transformed into and transmitted as a series of 
digits in binary code (i.e. 0s or Is). This has a number of important advantages. It permits direct computer-to-
computer communications without modulation-demodulation (see Modem). It gives a high level of reception 
quality, since the receiver at each moment must only detect whether it has received an signal (a 1) or not (a 0); 
thus even a severely degraded transmission can be reconstructed to reproduce perfectly the original source. 
Voice, text, image or data are all equally capable of being coded as a digital signal, so a single network can 
handle all four forms of transmission (see ISDN, Multimedia). The string of binary digits can be abbreviated 
and then re-expanded on arrival, thus economising on transmission capacity (see Compression). Different 
strings of binary digits can be interleaved and transmitted together, thus permitting several separate 
conversations on a single line (see Multiplexing). The string of digits can be encrypted prior to transmission, to 
ensure a high level of information security and privacy. 
Gi 
VANS: VAS (Value Added Network Service: Value Added Service) 
Hitherto in most countries, a certain basic level of telecommunications service has been defined and reserved as 
a monopoly for the national operator. Most frequently, this is the service of voice communication in real time. 
Services other than this may be offered by other service suppliers; they use the national network as the basic 
transmission medium but "add value" to the basic transmission facility in some way, e.g. by storing and 
forwarding the transmission at a later date, by distributing it to multiple destinations, by processing the 
information contained in the transmission then forwarding the result etc. Exactly what comprises a basic, and 
what a value-added, service therefore depends on the regulatory situation in the country concerned. 
VI & P (Visual, Intelligent and Personal Communications service) 
The planned Japanese national B-ISDN network. 
VR (Virtual Reality) 
A system whereby the user is supplied with computer-generated images and sounds, to the exclusion of his real 
surroundings, giving a strong impression of reality to the input he is receiving. (Virtual in this sense means 
"apparent", "seeming"). The user interacts with the artificial world, by means of sensors which detect his head 
and hand movements. Future work in VR is directed towards increasing the impression of reality received (for 
example by means of 3D images) and to telecommunicating VR "worlds" to users located remotely from the 
source computer. 
WAN (Wide Area Network) 
See LAN. 
TELECOMMUNICATIONS-RELATED PROGRAMMES. mSTITUTES AND ORGANISATIONS 
AIM* Advanced Informatics in Médecine 
CADDIA* Co-operation in Automation of Data and Documentation for Imports/exports and the 
management of financial control of the Agricultural market 
CCIR Comité Consultatif International des Radiocommunications 
CCITT Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et Téléphonique 
CCTS Comité de Coordination pour les Télécommunications par Satellite 
CEN Comité Européen de Normalisation 
CENELEC Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique 
CEPT Conférence Européenne de Postes et des Télécommunications 
COST Co-operation for R&D in Science and Technology 
DELTA* Developing European Learning through Technical Advance 
DRIVE* Dedicated Road Infrastructure for Vehicle safety in Europe 
EBU European Broadcasting Union 
ECMA European Computer Manufacturers' Association 
ENS* European Nervous System 
ESPRIT* European Strategic Programe for R&D in Information Technology 
ESA European Space Agency 
ETIS European Telecommunications Information Services foundation 
ETNO European Telecommunications Network Operators group 
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute 
EURESCOM European Institute for Research and Strategic Studies in Telecommunications 
EUTELSAT European Telecommunications Satellite Organisation 
FCC (US) Federal Communications Commission 
IEE Institution of Electrical Engineers 
IEEE (US) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 
INFOSEC* Information Security 
INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite Organisation 
INTELSAT International Satellite Organisation 
INTUG International Telecommunications Users' Group 
ISO International Standards Organisation 
ITU International Telecommunications Union 
ITU - RS International Télécommunications Union • Radio and Satellite (formerly CCIR) 
ITU - T International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications (formerly CCITT) 
JPEG Joint Photographie Expert Group 
MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group 
ORA* Opportunities for application of information and communication technologies in 
Rural Areas 
RACE* R&D for Advanced Communications in Europe 
RARE Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne 
RIC RACE Industrial Consortium 
SPAG Standards Promotion and Application Group 
TEDIS* Trade Electronic Data Interchange Systems 
TEN-D3C* Trans-European Networks - Integrated Broadband Communications 
WARC World Administrative Radio Conference 
WTSC World Telecommunications Standardisation Conference 
•European Commission R&D programme 
?4 
Annex VI 
Key references 
Council Decision of 25th July 1985 on a definition phase for a Community action in the field of 
telecommunications technologies - R&D programme in advanced communications technologies for Europe 
(RACE): 85/372/EEC; O.J. No L 210/24; 7.8.1985 
Council Decision of 14 December 1987 on a Community programme in the field of telecommunications 
technologies - R&D in advanced Communications technologies in Europe (RACE programme); 88/28/EEC: O.J. 
No L 16/35, 21.1.88. 
Council resolution of 30th June 1988 on the development ofthe common market for telecommunications services 
and equipment up to 1992; 88/C 257/01: O.J. No C 257/1,4.10.88. 
Communication from the Commission to the Council and Parliament "Working towards Telecom 2000 -
Launching the Programme RACE - COM(88) 240 final II of 31.5.88 
Report ofthe IBC strategic Audit: "Establishing advanced communications in Europe". February 1989. 
Communication of the Commission to the Council concerning R&D in Advanced Communications technologies 
for Europe (RACE) - Progress report '89 and 30-month review, SEC(89) Final, July 1989. 
Annual technical reports on the RACE programme - RACE '88; RACE '89; RACE '90; RACE '91, and RACE '92 -
Available on request from the RACE central office, DG XIII, Direction B. 
Perspectives for Advanced Communications in Europe: PACE '89; PACE '90; and PACE '92, January 1992 -
Available on request from the RACE central office, DG XIII, Direction B. 
Council Decision 91/352/CEE of 7th June 1991 adopting a Specific Programme of research and technology 
development in the field of Communications technologies: O.J. No L 192/8,16.7.91 
The report ofthe information and communications technologies review Board, Chaired by Mr. W. Dekker, June 
1992. 
Communication from the Commission on "Evaluation ofthe second Framework Programme for research and 
technological development (SEC(92)675 Final), July 1992. 
Evaluation ofthe second Framework Programme of RTD: Report from CREST to the Council, September 1992. 
CREST/1212/1/92. 
Advanced communications for economic development and social cohesion in Europe: A strategic audit ofthe 
development of advanced communications in Europe (April 1993) 
R&D in advanced communications technologies for Europe (RACE) - Final report on Phase I (1988-92): 
COM(93)118, March 1993 
75" 
ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(94) 306 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 15 
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ISBN 92-77-71570-7 
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