EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 18.10.2018 SWD(2018) 442 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT FIFTEENTH REPORT



OVERVIEW OF THIRD COUNTRY TRADE DEFENCE ACTIONS

AGAINST THE EUROPEAN UNION FOR THE YEAR 2017

{COM(2018) 701 final}



Annex I – Trends and main cases by country (By decreasing number of measures in force at the end of 2017) 1.THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1.1.Overall trends The US strongly increased the number of investigations initiated against EU exports from 3 (2016) to 10 (2017). In 2017, the United States initiated 6 AD and 2 AS investigations affecting directly EU exports and 2 SFG investigations. 1 US AD investigation (out of the 3 initiated in 2017) was terminated without imposing measures, whereas definitive measures were imposed in 2 SFG investigations. In the remaining AD and AS investigations, preliminary measures were imposed. The latter investigations are still ongoing and will be finalised in 2018. In 2017, definitive measures were imposed in 2 AD investigations initiated in 2016. In addition, the United States extended existing AD measures following 2 expiry review investigations, for an additional period of 5 years. At the end of 2017, the US had 23 measures in force affecting EU imports. 1.2.Main cases Like in 2016, most of the US investigations against EU exports initiated in 2017 concerned steel products (3 AD, 1 AS). The economic interest for these 4 steel cases altogether is around 535 million EUR of EU exports. Out of these, 4 (3 AD, 1 AS) new steel investigations concerned cold-drawn mechanical tubing from Germany and Italy, forged steel fittings from Italy, and carbon and alloy steel wire rod from Italy (AD/AS), Spain and the United Kingdom. Preliminary measures have been imposed in all these investigations in 2017, which will be finalised in 2018. In 2017, the US imposed definitive AD measures on imports of carbon and alloy steel cut to length plate from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany and Italy, and carbon and steel flanges from Italy and Spain. Dumping margins determined in the context of the former investigation were artificially inflated for some EU exporters as a result of the application of the zeroing calculation methodology, in spite of the Commission's several technical and political interventions objecting to its use. The United States also extended AD measures for another 5 years with relation to imports of carbon and alloy seamless pipes from Romania. In 2017, the United States also initiated 1 AD and 1 AS investigation concerning imports of Spanish ripe olives (economic interest is around 60 million EUR of Spanish exports). The AS investigation targeted several subsidy schemes granted by Spain and the EU, in particular EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) "green box" schemes such as the Basic Payment Scheme. As a result of the Commission's numerous technical and political interventions coordinated with Spain, the number of targeted schemes was reduced from 10 to 6. As far as targeted EU CAP schemes are concerned, the Commission considers them as non-distortive, non-specific and thus non-countervailable under WTO law. The Commission actively assisted the Spanish government and the affected Spanish producers from the very beginning of those investigations, and will continue doing so until they are finalised. Preliminary AS and AD measures were adopted in November 2017 and January 2018. Final injury determination was expected by July 2018. 2017 was also marked by the initiation of 2 SFG investigations in the United States, concerning imports of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and modules and large residential washers. These were the first SFG investigations initiated by the United States since more than a decade. The choice of instrument is however questionable since the allegedly problematic surge of imports originated from a limited number of Asian countries only. In fact, the United States should have used other more targeted instruments, such as AD and/or AS, in order to address those imports and avoid creating collateral damage to fair imports, which were not at the root of the problem. Definitive measures were imposed in both investigations in February 2018. 2.INDIA 2.1.Overall trends Even though the total number of measures in force has decreased as compared to 2016 (24), India is still an active user of TDIs, with 21 measures (19 AD and 2 SFG) in force at the end of 2017. India initiated 3 new AD and 1 SFG investigations concerning EU exports. It also initiated 2 expiry review investigations and 1 mid-term review investigation. India imposed definitive AD duties in 4 cases and prolonged AD duties following a review investigation. It also extended the AD duty in force to a slightly modified product following an anti-circumvention investigation. In January 2018, India also initiated 2 new AD investigations. 2.2.Main cases The AD investigation on imports of wooden flooring from the EU was initiated in February 2017 (EU economic interest of around 3 million EUR). The Commission, in close cooperation with Member States and industry, intervened with a written submission at initiation and in the public hearing. The main issues raised by the Commission include: unmotivated confidentiality of some data, inconclusive injury picture and lack of causal link, inappropriate cumulation of high-priced EU imports with low-priced imports from other countries. In February 2018 the Indian authorities disclosed their final determination, and the Commission issued a second written submission in response. Indian authorities recommended the imposition of definitive AD measures, except for 2 cooperating EU exporting producers, which were found not to have caused material injury to the Indian industry.

The expiry review of the AD duties on melamine was initiated in September 2017 (EU exports worth around 4,5 million EUR). The Commission submitted that there was no continuation/recurrence of injury as the domestic industry was highly profitable and running at almost full capacity. The argument was upheld by Indian authorities, who terminated the investigation and the measures in February 2018. The AD investigation on imports of polyamide yarns was initiated in August 2017 (EU economic interest of around 13.5 million EUR). The Commission has been in close contact with the industry since initiation and has filed a written submission asking for de-cumulation of EU imports (as these did not increase and are not causing injury). The case is still ongoing and the Commission is following closely. The AD investigation on imports of acrylic fibre was initiated in April 2017 (EU economic interest of around 7 million EUR). The Commission has intervened at initiation with a written submission, addressing notably the injury situation experienced by the domestic industry and the inappropriate cumulation of EU imports with other low-priced imports. The case is still ongoing. The Commission has also intervened in the expiry review investigations on sodium nitrite, which is still ongoing. Written interventions were also made in the expiry review investigation on rubber chemicals and in the anti-circumvention investigation on cold rolled flat steel (measures imposed in both cases). In 2017, Indian authorities initiated an expiry review of the AD measures on imports of soda ash (EU economic interest 1.3 million EUR in 2016). However, the 2015 mid-term review determined in July 2017 that AD duties were no longer warranted. As a result, the 2017 expiry review investigation was annulled and AD duties were terminated with immediate effect. 3.CHINA 3.1.Overall trends In 2017, China's Trade defence activity was above average in number of imposition of measures, but was lower than average in terms of initiations. In 2017, China initiated only 1 new AD case, 1 expiry review and 1 interim review. In 2017, China imposed 1 SFG measure, extended 7 existing AD and AS measures and lowered the AD duty of 1 EU exporter further to an interim review. The total number of measures in force at the end of 2017 is 20 as compared to 19 in 2016. 3.2.Main cases In May 2017, China imposed definitive SFG measures for 3 years on imports of sugar in the form of ad valorem duties (45% the first year, 40% the second year and 35% the third year). This is the first time in 15 years that China imposed SFG measures. Although EU exports of sugar to China are negligible, the Commission followed the case attentively for systemic reasons and also because, with the end of the EU sugar quota regime on 30 September 2017, the EU is interested in keeping export markets open. In May 2017, China extended by 18 months the existing AD and AS measures on imports of polysilicon from the EU (annual exports to China worth around 600 million EUR). The measures for the sole German exporter take the form of a price undertaking, which remains unchanged. In September 2017, China extended for 5 years the existing AS measures on imports of potato starch originating in the EU (AS duties in force range between 7.5% and 12.4%, parallel AD duties also in force range between 12.6% and 56.7%). The EU economic interest is around 10 million EUR of EU exports in 2017. Although the Commission, the Member States, 1 exporter and the industry federation fully cooperated in the investigation and provided ample evidence that countervailable subsidisation had been discontinued, China, on the contrary, considered that countervailable subsidisation was still in place, and was likely to continue to cause injury. In August 2017, China initiated 1 AD investigation against imports of halogenated butyl rubber originating in the EU. The Commission is actively supporting the 2 EU exporting producers, which are cooperating in the Chinese investigation, notably by means of a submission pointing to the weaknesses of the injury and causality picture emerging from the petition. Provisional determination is expected in 2018. 4.BRAZIL 4.1.Overall trends

Brazil's 2017 trade defence activity against EU exports was slightly less vigorous than in the recent past. However, Brazil is the fourth largest user of the TDI by the number of measures in force against EU exports (16 measures in 2017). In 2017, Brazil initiated 1 new investigation and imposed 1 definitive AD measure. It is also noteworthy that 1 AD measure imposed in 2015 was terminated, following a 2-year suspension. 4.1.Main cases The Commission closely monitored the different measures or investigations on-going in 2017. In particular, it actively intervened in the AD investigation on imports of frozen potatoes from Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands given the economic relevance of the Brazilian market for the EU industry (EU exports of 97 million EUR in 2014). Measures were imposed in January 2017, despite several Commission interventions in close coordination with EU exporters, industry associations and the Member States affected. The AD investigation on imports of X-ray dental machines (EU economic interest is 4 million EUR) from Germany was terminated in February 2017 without measures since Brazil considered that there was no injury to the domestic industry. The collaboration between the industry and the Commission was key for the positive conclusion of this case. Brazil also initiated in April the expiry review on light weight paper (EU economic interest is 8 million EUR) from Finland, Sweden, Belgium, and Germany and concluded in August the review on seamless steel pipes (EU economic interest is 1.5 million EUR) from Romania where measures were extended. Finally, the AD measures against E-SBR (synthetic rubber) that were imposed and immediately suspended in 2015 were finally terminated in November 2017 on public interest grounds. In collaboration with the EU industry and Member States, the Commission made numerous representations, pointing notably to the fact that EU exports were not the cause of injury to the domestic industry. This has been confirmed by the fact that during the above-mentioned 2-year suspension of measures, the domestic industry has however managed to increase its market share. EU exports to Brazil amounted to 60 million EUR in 2016. 5.TURKEY 5.1.Overall trends In 2017, Turkey initiated 2 new SFG investigations and a review of a SFG measure in force. 1 newly initiated SFG investigation has been terminated, without imposition of measures. In addition, in 2017, Turkey launched 2 new AD investigations, and initiated 1 expiry review of AD measures. In 2017, Turkey imposed 2 AD measures, and concluded 1 anti-circumvention investigation. It is also noteworthy that due to the political situation, the annual meeting of the EU-Turkey bilateral trade defence dialogue was not held in 2017. 5.2.Main cases In April 2017, Turkey initiated a SFG investigation concerning imports of tyres (passenger vehicle, bus, truck). The EU economic interest was significant since EU exports amounted to 450-500 million EUR. The Commission, alongside the industry, intervened in the proceeding, via submissions and participation in a hearing. In addition, the issue was raised during the EU-Turkey Joint Committee in May 2017 and at political level by the Commissioner. The main problematic issues in this case were no unforeseen development, no qualified increase of imports and absence of injury. Early January 2018, Turkey terminated the investigation without imposing any measures. In 2017, Turkey launched 2 new AD investigations on chemical products sodium percarbonate and terephtalic acid and initiated an expiry review of AD measures imposed in 2006 concerning pipe fittings. In 2017, Turkey adopted AD measures on imports of tubes and pipes of refined copper. Turkey concluded an anti-circumvention investigation concerning imports of hinges and imposed duties on hinges by extending the measures to Spain, Italy and Greece. 6.AUSTRALIA 6.1.Overall trends Australia is a moderate user of TDI, and this trend did not change in 2017. The country initiated 1 new AD investigation, which resulted in the imposition of provisional measures and concluded 1 AD expiry review. At the end of the year there were 7 AD measures in force affecting EU exports, just one more than the year before. 6.2.Main cases In the case regarding processed tomatoes from Italy (EU exports worth around 44 million EUR in 2015), measures were imposed in 2016, against the 2 main Italian exporters representing around 45% of EU exports to Australia. However, the case was appealed and reviewed by the Anti-Dumping Review Panel (ADRP) since the Italian exporters did not agree on a cost adjustment made by Australia to reflect the EU agricultural payments to tomato growers in the dumping margin. The conclusions of this administrative review were disclosed in January 2017. The ADRP recognized that the EU-decoupled income support to tomato growers in Italy did not have a distortive effect on the price of tomatoes purchased by the 2 Italian exporters concerned, and therefore on the export price of Italian canned tomatoes. The dumping margins for the 2 exporting producers were adjusted downwards, resulting in zero or low duties.

These conclusions were also applied to the 2016 interim review of measures imposed to the remaining Italian exporters, and therefore no cost adjustment was made in the dumping margin calculation. The case was challenged again and Australia initiated another administrative review to re-assess the cost adjustment and other issues. In February 2018, the ADRP was consistent with its previous conclusion according to which the cost adjustment was not warranted. The Commission intervened technically and politically at all stages of the above procedures. The Commission also intervened in the AD investigation concerning steel reinforcing bars from Spain (EU exports worth around 46 million EUR in 2016). This is the second case against exports from Spain of this particular product, after initial duties were removed following an administrative review of the first case. Provisional measures on EU exports were imposed in November 2017. 7.CANADA 7.1.Overall trends Canada is a moderate user of TDI. It has 6 AD and 1 AS measure in force against the EU in 2017. It has not initiated any new investigation in 2017 but has imposed 2 new AD measures. 7.2.Main cases The AD investigation concerning certain concrete reinforcing bars has been initiated in August 2016 (economic interest around 90 million EUR). The Spanish industry, mainly affected, has cooperated in the investigation. The Commission has made submissions raising the main issues of concern, in particular: the injury and causality analysis was not convincing, and the imports from countries concerned, merely replaced imports from other third countries. Despite the Commission’s interventions, definitive measures were imposed in May 2017. The AD investigation concerning imports of fabricated industrial steel components has been initiated in September 2016 (economic interest around 130 million EUR). The main issue in this case was that imports from Spain and the UK have been de-minimis in 2015 and 2016. However, in order to include imports from these countries in the investigation, the Canadian authorities decided to use an extremely long investigation period of 2 and half years. The Commission has contested this practice in submissions, during the public hearing and also in the anti-dumping committee in Geneva in October 2016. In view of these efforts, the investigation regarding the UK has been terminated, but definitive measures regarding imports from Spain were imposed in May 2017. 8.MEXICO 8.1.Overall trends The use by Mexico of trade defence instruments against the EU remains stable. At the end of 2017, Mexico had 7 AD measures in force affecting EU interests, just 1 more than the previous year. All measures concern steel products. In 2017, Mexico initiated 2 new AD investigations. It also imposed 1 provisional AD measure and terminated 1 AD measure, following an expiry review. 8.1.Main cases Regarding the investigation on carbon steel pipes from Spain, the Commission, in coordination with the Spanish authorities submitted comments at initiation and provisional stage. Despite the above, Mexico imposed provisional measures upon Spanish exports in August 2017. The final outcome of the investigation will be known in 2018. EU exports to Mexico amount to around 2 million EUR. The 2 new investigations, steel plate from Italy and synthetic rubber from Poland, are still at initiation stage. Comments were submitted by the Commission concerning the former case. As of 31December 2017, there is still no decision regarding provisional measures for any of the 2 investigations. EU exports to Mexico amount to around 21 million EUR and 2 million EUR respectively. In February 2017, Mexico initiated a review of AD measures on imports of graphite electrodes from China and the UK (under measures after a circumvention investigation). The EU economic interest was marginal. Measures were terminated in January 2018. 9.MOROCCO 9.1.Overall trends

In the course of 2017, Morocco's TDI activity has decreased as compared to previous years as it did not initiate any new investigation. In January 2017, it imposed 1 SFG measure. It terminated 1 AD investigation without imposition of measures (see below) . At the end of 2017, Morocco had 4 AD and 3 SFG measures against the EU in force. 9.2.Main cases The AD investigation concerning ceramic tiles from Spain was initiated in January 2016 (EU economic interest around 70 million EUR). The Spanish industry targeted by this investigation was very concerned. The Commission made several submissions in cooperation with the industry, and closely followed the case. The Commission pointed notably to the following weaknesses of the investigation: absence of injury, presence of other factors breaking the causal link between dumping and injury (notably imports from China and Egypt, increase in production costs and unused production capacity). Thanks to the coordinated efforts of the industry, Spain and the Commission, the investigation was concluded without the imposition of measures in November 2017. 10.ARGENTINA Argentina did not impose any new measure on EU exports in 2017. It initiated 1 AD expiry review on coated paper (EU economic interest around 55 million EUR) from Austria and Finland and also an anti-circumvention investigation against imports of certain spanners from Spain (EU economic interest is marginal). Argentina also concluded the expiry review on straight handsaw blades from Sweden, (EU economic interest is marginal) and the anti-circumvention investigation against imports of coated paper from Austria (EU economic interest around 1.4 million EUR). In both cases, measures were maintained. 11.INDONESIA While Indonesia has no AD nor AS measures in place regarding the EU, in recent years it has been a relatively intensive user of the SFG instrument, mainly as a result of increased imports from China linked to the entry into force of the ASEAN-China FTA. On 31 December 2017, there were 4 Indonesian SFG measures in force. In all of these 4 cases the EU economic interest is rather limited. SFG measures on casing and tubing expired in August 2017, and SFG measures on wheat flour imposed since 2012 expired in December 2017. On 21January 2018, Indonesia extended the SFG measures on I and H Sections of other alloy steel for another 3 years. 12.SOUTH AFRICA 12.1.Overall trends South-Africa has been relatively quiet in terms of trade defence in 2017. South-Africa has not initiated any new investigation this year. 1 SFG investigation led to measures, while another one was terminated without measures. 1 bilateral SFG investigation is still going in 2017 (see below). 12.2.Main cases The bilateral SFG investigation on imports of frozen bone in chicken parts (EU exports worth 200 million EUR in 2016) under the European Partnership agreement (EPA) was initiated by South Africa in February 2016. It should be noted that bilateral SFG is hardly used as an instrument. At the end of 2017, the investigating authority of the South-African Customs Union (SACU) has recommended the imposition of measures. Nevertheless, the South-African Minister of Trade has not taken a decision yet. The Commission has very actively followed the file and intervened at all instances in the procedure and pointed out the many flaws of the investigation. The mandatory consultation process under the EPA is currently still ongoing and the Commission continues discussions with SACU in order to avoid any unwarranted measures. 13.THAILAND On 31December 2017, Thailand had 3 SFG measures in place, none of which entailing significant EU economic interest. For one of these, hot rolled H-beam, definitive SFG measures valid for 2 years were imposed in January 2017. 14.VIETNAM 14.1.Overall trends Like many other fellow ASEAN countries, Vietnam maintains no AD or AS measures against the EU, and rather relies exclusively on SFG measures. As of 31December 2017, Vietnam has 4 SFG measures in force. 2017 was yet another relatively busy year, as Vietnam initiated and imposed provisional measures in 1 SFG case and imposed definitive measures in another SFG case. In all 4 SFG cases but the one detailed below (fertilizers), the EU economic interest is limited. 14.2.Main cases

The SFG investigation on imports of fertilizers was initiated in May 2017 (EU exports amounted to around 2.5 million EUR in 2016) In view of the systemic concerns, the Commission participated in a hearing and submitted comments in the framework of the investigation. In particular, the Commission commented on the inappropriateness of the choice of instrument as China alone represents 84% of imports. SFG measures systemically cause collateral damage, to non-injurious imports such as EU imports representing 0.4% of total imports in this case. The Commission also pointed to the weaknesses of the investigation (no surge of imports, no causal link, insufficient analysis other factors, absence of undercutting). 15.MALAYSIA At the end of 2017, Malaysia has 3 SFG measures in place of which 2 were imposed in April 2017 (concerning steel wire rods and deformed bar in coils and steel concrete reinforcing bars). EU economic interest is limited in all 3 cases. 16.THE PHILIPPINES At the end of 2017, the Philippines maintain 3 SFG measures in force of which only one entails some EU economic interest: newsprint. SFG measures on newsprint, which were drastically reduced after the successful EU intervention in 2015, are due to expire in April 2018. 17.SOUTH-KOREA Korea is not a frequent user of TDIs. Korea maintains 2 AD measures, namely on butyl glycol ether (against France only) and on stainless steel (against Spain only). In July 2017, Korea initiated an AD investigation on coated paper against Finland only. There is a strong likelihood that the latter case was initiated in retaliation against the EU thermal paper case targeting Korean exports in 2016, as the Korean exporter subject to EU measures is the complainant in the Korean case. In all 3 AD cases, the EU economic interest is limited. 18.EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Armenia and Kyrgyz Republic) 18.1.Overall trends The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is an infrequent user of TDIs. In 2017, the EAEU started 1 new AD investigation (see below). As concerns existing measures, the EAEU has only 1 AD measure in force affecting EU interests. 18.2.Main cases On 16 January 2017, the EAEU started a new AD investigation against imports of herbicides. The EU intervened very actively in the case, given the important EU economic interest (122 million EUR) pointing notably to factual mistakes and legal flaws of the preliminary findings.. In particular, the Commission raised strong doubts regarding the scope of the investigation (Chinese imports are not covered although they slightly exceed EU imports, the product definition, the non-existence of injury to the EAEU producers and the existence of other causal factors. The investigation is still ongoing and a decision is expected in the course of 2018. 19.UKRAINE Ukraine continued to be an infrequent user of the safeguard instrument in 2017. In August 2017, Ukraine initiated 1 new SFG investigation. The Commission did not actively intervene given the modest EU economic interest. In the course of 2017, the AD measure on float glass lapsed, and Ukraine terminated the expiry review of the existing SFG measures on imports of porcelain tableware and kitchenware without extending the original measures. In the latter case, the EU economic interest was around 6 million EUR and the Commission actively intervened with the investigating authorities, submitting comments and attending the hearing. Thus, at the end of 2017, there was only 1 Ukrainian measure in force left, namely the SFG measure on flexible porous plates, blocks and sheets of polyurethane foam. 20.NEW ZEALAND In March 2017, New Zealand terminated the AD measures on imports of preserved peaches from Spain further to an expiry review initiated in 2016 (EU economic interest is limited). Following interventions from the Commission, New Zealand concluded that injury to the domestic industry was unlikely to continue or recur should AD measures be allowed to lapse. Canned peaches from Greece are still subject to AD measures until 2020.

21.LEBANON Lebanon is a sporadic user of TDIs. It has only 1 SFG measure on sunflower and soya oil in place since May 2016. The measure is applied for 4 years. The EU economic interest is less than 10 million EUR, with exports mainly from France and Hungary. 22.JORDAN Jordan uses TDI instruments only occasionally. In May 2017, definitive SFG measures were imposed for 3 years on imports of aluminium bars, rods and profiles. The EU economic interest is limited. 23.GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL ('GCC') 23.1.Overall trends A slight rise of TDI activity is observed in the GCC, which, otherwise, is not a major user of TDIs. The GCC initiated 2 SFG investigations in 2016, 1 SFG investigation in 2017 (see below) and 1 AD investigation in 2017. 23.2.Main cases In the SFG investigation concerning imports of flat rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel (EU economic interest around 40 million EUR), the imposition of definitive SFG duties for 3 years was proposed in June 2017.The entry into force is pending the approval by the Ministerial Committee. The Commission intervened on systemic issues, in particular the doubtful injury and causal link analysis. The SFG investigation concerning imports of ferro-silico manganese (EU economic interest around 1 million EUR), was terminated in May 2017. The investigating authority concluded that the serious injury suffered by the GCC industry is due to other factors than the increase in imports. The Commission intervened to underline systemic issues, in particular the lack of a meaningful non-confidential version of the complaint and the unconvincing injury and causal link analysis, including the absence of any price analysis. In July 2017, the GCC initiated an AD investigation concerning imports of uncoated paper and paperboard (Kraft liner or Fluting or Test liner), in rolls or sheets (containerboard), originating in Spain, Italy and Poland (EU economic interest of more than 100 million EUR). The Commission is closely following the case, made a submission and participated in a hearing in February 2018. In September 2017, the GCC initiated a safeguard investigation on imports of prepared additives for cements, mortars or concretes (chemical plasticizers)(EU economic interest around 10 million EUR). The Commission registered as interested party and will continue to monitor the case. 24.ISRAEL 24.1.Overall trends Israel is not a regular user of TDIs. In 2017 it initiated 1 AD investigation and terminated 1 AD investigation without measures (see below). 24.2.Main cases The AD investigation on imports of Cocoa spread was initiated in September 2016 (EU economic interest around € 50 million). The Commission, in close cooperation with the affected companies, has intervened strongly since the beginning (written submission and public hearing). The main issues outlined include the unreasoned confidentiality treatment accorded to some data and a doubtful analysis of injury and causality. As a result, in January 2018 the investigation was terminated without measures. 25.EGYPT Egypt is not a regular user of TDI instruments. At the end of 2017, there were no more measures in force affecting the EU. The SFG duties on steel rebar were terminated in June 2017, upon a request from the domestic industry. EU economic interest was less than 10 million EUR. In 2017, the AD investigation on imports of flat rolled steel from Belgium initiated in August 2016 (EU economic interest is around 30 million EUR) was terminated on public interest grounds without imposing duties. The Commission made a submission at initiation stage in October 2016. 26.COLOMBIA

Colombia has no TDI measures in place affecting the EU. However, in 2017, Colombia initiated 1 new AD investigation on imports of processed frozen fries from Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany. The economic interest of the case is 23 million EUR. The Commission is following closely this case as this is the third case against EU exports of frozen fries (after Brazil and South Africa) and that other countries may decide to follow suit. The EU industry is interested in the case and the Commission has intervened at technical and political level since the investigation suffers from important flaws. At the end of 2017, no provisional measures had been imposed yet, and a decision is expected in 2018. Annex II – Measures in force at the end of 2015, 2016 and 2017 Measures in force at the end of 2015, 2016 and 2017 country AD CVD SG TOTAL 2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017 Argentina 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 Australia 5 6 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 7 Belarus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Brazil 16 15 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 15 16 Canada 4 4 6 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 5 7 Chile 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 China 17 17 17 2 2 2 0 0 1 19 19 20 Colombia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Costa Rica 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 Dominican Republic 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Ecuador 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 Egypt 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 3 1 0 Eurasian Economic Union 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 1 1 India 15 19 19 0 0 0 4 5 2 19 24 21 Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 7 4 8 7 4 Japan 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Jordan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 Kazakhstan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Korea 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 Lebanon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 1 3 3 Mexico 5 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 7 Morocco 3 4 4 0 0 0 2 2 3 5 6 7 New Zealand 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 Pakistan 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 2 Philippines 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 South Africa 2 3 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 4 Thailand 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 3 3 4 4 4 Turkey 7 8 10 0 0 0 5 2 2 12 10 12 Ukraine 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 3 3 1 USA 16 19 22 2 2 4 0 0 0 18 21 26 Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 4 1 3 4 Zambia 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 TOTAL 108 116 125 5 5 7 38 35 30 150 156 162 Annex III – Detail of measures in force at the end of 2017 Country Product Instrument Type Of Measure Date Of Imposition Exporting MS Argentina Ceramic borders AD Definitive 02-07-2014 Spain Argentina Coated paper AD Definitive 14-06-2012 Austria, Finland Argentina Electrical terminals AD Definitive 02-04-2009 Germany Argentina PVC profiles AD Definitive 03-06-2014 Germany Argentina Straight handsaw blades AD Definitive 21-02-2008 Sweden Australia Chrome bars AD Definitive 06-09-2016 Romania Australia Prepared or preserved tomato products (all other exporters) AD Definitive 16-04-2014 Italy Australia Processed dried currants AD Definitive 14-01-2009 Greece Australia Processed tomatoes AD Definitive 11-02-2016 Italy Australia Q&T Steel Plate AD Definitive 05-11-2014 Finland, Sweden Australia Steel reinforcing bar AD Provisional 14-11-2017 Greece, Spain Australia Steel Reinforcing Bar AD Definitive 19-11-2015 Spain Brazil Adipic Acid AD Definitive 01-04-2015 Germany, France, Italy Brazil Butyl Acrylate AD Definitive 25-09-2015 Germany Brazil Elastomeric rubber pipes AD Definitive 22-06-2015 Germany, Italy Brazil Ethanolamines and triethanolamines AD Definitive 04-11-2013 Germany Brazil Frozen fries AD Definitive 17-01-2017 Belgium, Germany, France, Netherlands Brazil Galvanized steel wire AD Definitive 30-01-2015 Sweden Brazil Glazed papers AD Definitive 22-10-2008 Finland Brazil Indigo Blue AD Definitive 24-03-2008 Germany Brazil Laminated steel AD Definitive 04-10-2013 Germany, Finland Brazil Lightweight paper AD Definitive 23-04-2012 Belgium, Germany, Finland, Sweden Brazil Milk powder AD Definitive 23-02-2001 Denmark, Ireland Brazil Monobutyl ethers of ethylene glycol AD Definitive 22-04-2016 Germany Brazil Offset printing plates AD Definitive 05-03-2015 Belgium, Germany, United Kingdom Brazil Phenol AD Definitive 16-10-2002 Belgium, Germany Brazil Plastic Tubes for Blood Collection AD Definitive 30-04-2015 Germany, United Kingdom Brazil Seamless steel pipes AD Definitive 07-10-2005 Canada Certain fabricated industrial steel components AD Definitive 25-05-2017 Spain, United Kingdom Canada Copper tubes AD Definitive 02-01-2014 Greece Canada Hot-rolled carbon steel plate and high-strength low-alloy steel plate AD Definitive 09-01-2004 Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Romania Canada Rebar AD Provisional 03-01-2017 Spain, Portugal Canada Refined sugar AD Definitive 06-11-1995 Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom Canada Refined sugar CVD Definitive 06-11-1995 European Union of 15 Canada Steel plate AD Definitive 04-06-2014 Denmark, Italy China Adipic acid AD Definitive 02-11-2009 Germany, France, Italy China Alloy Seamless Tubes AD Definitive 10-05-2014 Germany, France, Italy China Caprolactam AD Definitive 22-09-2011 Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, Netherlands, Poland China Certain iron or steel fasteners AD Definitive 29-06-2010 Germany, Spain, France, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, United Kingdom China Chloroprene Rubber AD Definitive 10-05-2005 Germany, France, European Union of 15 China Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether AD Definitive 25-01-2013 Germany, France, Sweden China Grain oriented flat-rolled steel (GOES) AD Definitive 23-07-2016 Germany, Poland, United Kingdom China Optical fiber AD Definitive 22-04-2011 Denmark, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands China Perchlorethylene AD Definitive 30-05-2014 Germany, France China Photographic paper AD Definitive 23-03-2012 Netherlands, United Kingdom China Polyamide-6 (PA6) AD Definitive 22-04-2010 Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland China Polyamide-6,6 AD Definitive 12-10-2009 France, Italy, United Kingdom China Polysilicone AD Definitive 30-04-2014 China Polysilicone CVD Definitive 30-04-2014 China Potato Starch CVD Definitive 17-09-2011 Germany, France, Netherlands China Potato Starch AD Definitive 06-02-2007 Germany, France, Netherlands China sugar SG Definitive 22-05-2017 China Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) AD Definitive 13-03-2013 Germany, Spain, France, Hungary, Poland China Toluidine AD Definitive 13-03-2013 Germany China Unbleached sack paper AD Definitive 09-04-2016 Austria, Finland, Sweden, Bulgaria Costa Rica Pounded Rice SG Definitive 19-02-2015 Italy Dominican Republic Steel bars AD Definitive 30-07-2014 Spain Eurasian Economic Union Light commercial vehicles AD Definitive 16-06-2013 Germany, Italy, Poland India 2-Ethyl Hexanol AD Definitive 18-02-2016 Germany India Acetone AD Definitive 11-03-2008 Belgium, Spain, Italy India Cefadroxil Monohydrate AD Definitive 10-10-2013 India Certain Rubber Chemicals AD Definitive 20-11-2005 Belgium, Germany, Italy India Cold rolled steel 600 - 1250 mm AD Definitive 24-10-2017 Belgium, Germany, Spain, Italy, Netherlands, Finland India Cold-Rolled Flat Products of Stainless Steel AD Definitive 20-02-2010 Belgium, Spain, France, Italy, Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, United Kingdom India Colour coated/pre-painted flat products of alloy or non-alloy steel AD Definitive 17-10-2017 Belgium, Germany, France, Netherlands, Austria, Portugal India Flexible Slabstock Polyol AD Definitive 07-04-2015 India Hot rolled flat products of non-alloy and other alloy steel in coils of awidth of 600 mm or more SG Definitive 29-03-2016 India Hot rolled flat sheets and plates thick =<150mm, width >= 600 mm SG Definitive 23-11-2016 Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Austria, Sweden India Melamine AD Definitive 08-10-2012 India Methylene Chloride AD Definitive 21-05-2014 India Morpholine AD Definitive 24-01-2012 India Normal Butanol or N-Butyl Alcohol AD Definitive 19-02-2016 Germany India Phenol AD Definitive 08-03-2016 Belgium, Spain, Netherlands India Polyvinyl Chloride Suspension Grade Resin AD Definitive 13-06-2014 India PVC paste resin AD Definitive 07-10-2004 Spain, Italy India SBR - Styrene Butadiene Rubber of 1500 series and 1700 series AD Definitive 30-08-2017 India Sodium Chlorate AD Definitive 02-11-2017 India Sodium Nitrate AD Definitive 13-11-2014 Bulgaria India Sodium nitrite AD Definitive 29-11-2002 European Union of 15 Indonesia Bars and Rods, Hot-Rolled, in Irregularity Wound Coils SG Definitive 17-08-2015 Indonesia Coated Paper and Paperboard, not including Banknotes SG Definitive 07-09-2015 Indonesia Flat rolled iron SG Definitive 22-07-2014 Indonesia H and I sections of other alloy steel SG Definitive 21-01-2015 Japan Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide AD Definitive 29-08-2008 Spain Jordan Aluminium bars, rods and profiles SG Definitive 15-05-2017 Korea/South Butyl Glycol Ether AD Definitive 06-12-2016 Korea/South Stainless steel bar AD Definitive 30-07-2004 Spain Lebanon Sunflower and Soya Oil SG Definitive 06-12-2016 Malaysia Hot-rolled steel plate of iron or non-alloy steel and SG Definitive 02-07-2015 Malaysia steel concrete reinforcing bar SG Definitive 14-04-2017 Germany, Austria, Finland, United Kingdom Malaysia steel wire rods and deformed bar in coils SG Definitive 15-04-2017 Spain Mexico Carbon steel tubes AD Definitive 21-04-2016 Spain Mexico carbon steel tubes with longitudinal straight seam AD Definitive 06-01-2010 United Kingdom Mexico Graphite electrodes AC AD Definitive 01-09-2015 United Kingdom Mexico Hot rolled steel coils AD Definitive 23-12-2015 Germany, France Mexico Seamless carbon steel pipes AD Provisional 04-08-2017 Spain Mexico Steel plate produced in Romania AD Definitive 22-09-2005 Mexico Stranded wire ropes & cables AD Definitive 27-02-2016 Spain, Portugal Morocco Bars and Rods SG Definitive 01-04-2014 Morocco Cold rolled steel sheets and plated or coated sheets SG Definitive 07-09-2015 Morocco Hot rolled steel sheets AD Definitive 12-08-2014 Morocco Insulin AD Definitive 03-02-2015 Morocco Paper A4 AD Definitive 20-10-2014 Morocco Paper reels and reams SG Definitive 01-01-2017 Germany, Portugal, Finland, Sweden Morocco PVC AD Definitive 29-12-2016 Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Portugal New Zealand Canned peaches AD Definitive 09-03-1998 Greece Pakistan Hydrogen Peroxide AD Definitive 15-07-2011 Belgium Pakistan Phthalic Anhydride AD Provisional 07-02-2013 Italy Philippines Newsprint SG Definitive 13-05-2015 Philippines Steel angle bars SG Definitive 31-08-2009 Philippines Testliner board SG Definitive 16-09-2010 Belgium, Germany South Africa Certain flat rolled iron/steel products SG Definitive 11-08-2017 South Africa Frozen chicken AD Definitive 27-02-2015 Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom South Africa Potato chips AD Definitive 21-10-2016 Belgium, Netherlands South Africa Ropes & cables of iron or steel AD Definitive 28-08-2002 Germany, United Kingdom Thailand Hot rolled steel flat with certain amounts of alloying elements SG Definitive 15-09-2013 Thailand Hot-rolled flat in coils and not in coils AD Definitive 27-05-2003 Slovakia Thailand Non Alloy Hot Rolled Steel Flat Products in (non) coils SG Definitive 23-12-2014 Belgium, Germany, Spain, Sweden Thailand Structural Hot Rolled H-Beam with Alloy SG Definitive 28-01-2017 Turkey Fittings AD Definitive 07-09-2006 Turkey Float glass colourless AD Definitive 17-11-2013 Romania Turkey hinges AD Definitive 20-10-2017 Greece, Spain, Italy Turkey Laminated flooring AD Definitive 13-06-2015 Germany Turkey plywood AD Definitive 28-10-2016 Bulgaria Turkey Polyethylene terephthalate SG Definitive 07-11-2011 Germany, Greece, Spain, Italy Turkey Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) AD Definitive 06-02-2003 Belgium, Germany, Greece, Italy, Hungary, Netherlands, Finland, Romania Turkey Tubes and pipes of refined copper AD Definitive 17-10-2017 Greece Turkey wall paper SG Definitive 06-08-2015 Belgium, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom Turkey Water heaters AD Definitive 19-09-2013 Italy Turkey woven fabriccs of synthetic filament yarn AD Definitive 22-08-2015 Bulgaria Turkey woven fabrics of synthetic and artificial staple fibres AD Definitive 22-08-2015 Poland, Bulgaria Ukraine Flexible porous plates, blocks and sheets of polyurethane foam SG Definitive 07-07-2016 Hungary, Poland, Romania United States Brass sheet & strip AD Definitive 06-03-1987 Italy United States Brass sheet & strip AD Definitive 06-03-1987 France United States Brass sheet & strip AD Definitive 06-03-1987 Germany United States Carbon & alloy steel cut to lenght plate AD Definitive 05-05-2017 Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Austria United States Certain carbon and alloy steel wire rod AD Provisional 25-10-2017 United States Certain carbon and alloy steel wire rod CVD Provisional 28-08-2017 United States Chlorinated isocyanurates AD Definitive 24-06-2005 Spain United States cold rolled steel flat products AD Definitive 10-09-2016 Netherlands, United Kingdom United States Corrosion-resistant steel AD Definitive 15-07-2016 Italy United States Corrosion-resistant steel CVD Definitive 15-09-2016 Italy United States Emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber (ESB rubber) AD Definitive 12-09-2017 Poland United States Finished Carbon Steel Flanges AD Provisional 26-01-2017 Spain, Italy United States Hot rolled steel AD Definitive 12-09-2016 Netherlands, United Kingdom United States Low enriched uranium AD Definitive 13-02-2002 France United States Non-oriented electrical steel AD Definitive 18-11-2014 Germany, Sweden United States Pasta AD Definitive 24-07-1996 Italy United States Pasta CVD Definitive 24-07-1996 Italy United States Pressure sensitive plastic tape x673 AD Definitive 21-10-1977 Italy United States Ripe Olives CVD Provisional 20-11-2017 Spain United States Seamless pipe AD Definitive 04-03-1997 Germany United States Seamless pipe small diameter AD Definitive 11-10-2011 Romania United States Sodium Nitrite AD Definitive 27-08-2008 Germany United States Stainless steel bar x709 AD Definitive 02-03-1995 Spain United States Stainless steel butt-weld pipe fittings AD Definitive 23-02-2001 Italy United States Stainless steel plates in coils AD Definitive 21-05-1999 Belgium United States Stainless steel wire rod x743 AD Definitive 15-09-1998 Spain, Italy United States Stainless steel wire rod x745 AD Definitive 15-09-1998 Italy United States Steel concrete reinforcing bars AD Definitive 07-09-2001 Latvia United States Steel concrete reinforcing bars x752 AD Definitive 07-09-2001 Poland United States Uncoated paper AD Definitive 20-01-2016 Portugal Viet Nam Certain mineral or chemical fertilizers SG Provisional 04-08-2017 Viet Nam Monosodium glutamate- food flavour SG Definitive 25-03-2016 Belgium, Germany, Spain Viet Nam Pre-painted galvanized steel sheet and strip SG Definitive 15-06-2017 Belgium, Germany, Austria Viet Nam semi-finished and finished products of alloy&non-alloy steel SG Definitive 02-08-2016

Annex IV – New investigations initiated in 2015, 2016 and 2017 New investigations initiated in 2015, 2016 and 2017 country AD CVD SG TOTAL 2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017 Argentina 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Australia 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 Belarus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Brazil 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 Canada 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Chile 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 China 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 Colombia 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Costa Rica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ecuador 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Egypt 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 Eurasian Economic Union 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Gulf Cooperation Council 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 1 India 0 5 3 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 6 4 Indonesia 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Israel 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Jordan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 Korea 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Lebanon 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Malaysia 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 3 2 0 Mexico 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 Morocco 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 South Africa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 Thailand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 Tunisia 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Turkey 1 3 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 3 4 Ukraine 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 USA 4 3 6 1 0 2 0 0 2 5 3 10 Vietnam 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 1 1 Zambia 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 TOTAL 18 18 22 1 0 2 18 12 7 37 30 31 Annex V – Detail of new investigations initiated in 2017 Country Product Instrument Initiation Date Exporting MS Argentina Certain spanners AC AD 23-03-2017 Spain Australia Steel reinforcing bar AD 27-06-2017 Greece, Spain Brazil Nitrile Rubber AD 26-06-2017 France China halogenated butyl rubber AD 30-08-2017 Belgium, United Kingdom Colombia Frozen fries AD 03-08-2017 Belgium, Germany, Netherlands Eurasian Economic Union Herbicides AD 16-01-2017 Belgium, Germany, France Gulf Cooperation Council uncoated paper or paperboard in rols or sheets (other than Containerboard) AD 31-07-2017 India Acrylic fibre of all types AD 19-04-2017 Germany, France India Synthetic Filament Yarn of Nylon AD 22-08-2017 India Wooden flooring AD 17-02-2017 Denmark, Germany, Spain, Italy, Lithuania, Poland India Solar Cells whether or not assembled in modules or panels SG 19-12-2017 Germany, France Israel Portland Cement AD 18-05-2017 Greece Korea/South Coated printing paper AD 10-07-2017 Finland Mexico Synthetic rubber AD 11-08-2017 Poland Mexico Steel plate AD 17-11-2017 Italy Turkey Tyres SG 06-04-2017 Turkey Terephtalic Acid (PTA) AD 23-02-2017 Turkey Toothbrushes SG 22-04-2017 Turkey Sodium Percarbonate AD 24-03-2017 Ukraine Sulphuric acid and oleum SG 10-08-2017 United States crystalline silicon photovoltaic (CSPV) cells (whether or not partially or fully assembled into other products) SG 17-05-2017 Germany, Italy United States Large residential washers (LRWs) and certain parts thereof SG 05-06-2017 Germany, Spain, Italy, Sweden United States citric acid, sodium citrate, and potassium citrate (also in blends under HS 382499) AD 23-06-2017 United States Sodium gluconate AD 21-12-2017 United States Certain carbon and alloy steel wire rod AD 17-04-2017 United States Certain carbon and alloy steel wire rod CVD 17-04-2017 United States Ripe Olives CVD 12-07-2017 Spain United States Ripe Olives AD 12-07-2017 Spain United States Forged steel fittings AD 12-10-2017 Italy United States Certain Cold-Drawn Mechanical Tubing of Carbon and Alloy Steel AD 10-05-2017 Germany, Italy Viet Nam Certain mineral or chemical fertilizers SG 12-05-2017