ARCHIVESHISTORIQUES
DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEEDES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(73)2082
Vol.1973/0375

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
.■,
COM(73)2082final .
Brussels,10December1973
Communication .fromtheCommissiontotheCouncil
concerningthefoodaidprogrammeoftheCommunitytothecountriesoftheSahelandEthiopia
PROPOSAL FORA
,COUNCILDECISION •
onCommunityfinancingofcertainexpenditurein
respectoffoodaidsuppliedunderthe1973/74programme
PROPOSAL FORA
REGULATION (EEC)OFTHECOUNCIL)
derogatingfromRegulation (EEC)No1693/72inrespectoftheprocedures
laiddownforthemobilization offoodaidtothecountriesoftheSahel
PROPOSAL FORA ,
REGULATION (EEC)OFTHECOUNCIL ,
layingdowngeneralrulesforthesupplyofmilkfatsas
foodaidtothecountriesoftheSahelandEthiopia"
. :PROPOSALFORA
,REGULATION (EEC)OFTHECOUNCIL ■
layingdowngeneralrulesforthesupplyofmilkfatsas
foodaidtothecountriesoftheSahelandEthiopia
PROPOSAL FORACOUNCILDECISION
ontheopeningofnegotiations withthecountriesoftheSahelandwithEthiopiafor
thesupplyofskimmedmilkpowderand"butteroilasemergenciesfoodaidandonthe
advanceimplementation oftheagreementsnegotiatedwiththosecountries.
(submittedbytheCommissiontotheCouncil
COM(73)2082final

Communication from the Commission tothe Council
concerning the food aidprogramme ofthe Community tothe countries of
theSahel andEthiopia

The object ofthis document istopropose that theCouncil adopt
aset ofmeasures which will constitute acomprehensive food aidprogram­
meincluding gifts ofcereals ,skimmed milk andbutteroil forthe countries
inAfrica most seriously affected bythe drought ,namely the countries
oftheSahel andEthiopia ,which the Community must implement atthe
beginning of197^(!)•
Given the special nature ofthemeasures tobetaken toensure that
this aid isused inthe most efficient manner toassist the distressed po­
pulations and inorder tocarry cut asswiftly aspossible thework which
will enable the Council totake adecision ,theCommission considered that
these countries should bedealt with separately inaspecific proposal .
"Concurrently with thepresent proposal ,theCommission submitted to -the
Council itsgeneral food aidprogrammes onmilk andbutteroil and later on
those concerning the1972/7^+cereals scheme .
This document deals with : ,
I. the countries ofthe Sahel ,and
II.Ethiopia .
(1)Ifthis condition isfulfilled ,theproducts will reach thedistressed
areas before thestart oftherainy season (June-July )and toalarge
extent ,this will avoid theneed forexceptional andcostly means of
transport .
./.

The countries ofthe Sahel

I.Aid volume
Introduction
Inorder toevaluate the amount offood aid which the six countries of
theSahel will require in1973/7^*,ajoint donors mission composed ofthe
representatives ofthemain countries ororganizations which supply food
aid (Canada ,United States ,France ,WFP ,IBKD andtheSEC )visited these
countries ,under the aegis oftheFAO ,during the first twoweeks of
October 1973 •
Themain conclusions arrived at .inthemission 'sreports ,which were '
drawn upinconjunction with theEDF'sresident supervisors ortheir repre­
sentatives ,have been forwarded tothe authorities ofthe countries in
question and tothe officials oftheInter-Governemental Standing Committee
tofight Drought intheSahel .Atthe moment ,these conclusions provide
thefullest information available onthepresent situation inthat area .
However ,since ,atthetime ofthemission 'svisit ,theharvest fe :
offood crops hadnot ,been completed and afortiori had notbeen systema­
tically evaluated ,itshould beborne inmind that the overall figures
given inthese reports and ,inparticular ,the figures concerning cereals
production are estimates which may beamended atalater date .
Nonetheless ,"the conclusions arrived atinthese reports clearly show t
the size ofthe food deficit ,which the countries ofthe Sahel will again
face in197^demands that theinternational community and ,consequently ,
theEECrenew ,some extensive .food ,aid programmes .
Itisproposed that theprogrammes forthe following products be
examined inturn :
-cereals
-skim milk powder
-butteroil .

-3-
A.Cereal3
1.Analysis ofrequireme nts
Thetable inAnnex Igives themost important setoffigures which
constitute the overall balance sheet for cereals and also the net food
aidrequirements for each ofthe countries oftheSahel .
Generally speaking ,these netrequirements were calculated bydeduc­
ting from thefigure foreach country 'stotal requirements (l)the followii
-local production thevolume ofwhich was asinadequate astheone
of1972 ,which was considerably below average
-imports ,estimates ofwhich are similar tolast year
-food aid instock oralready promised and not yetsupplied .
The conclusions which canbedrawn from this analysis reveal that
the net food aidrequirements ofthesixcountries oftheSahel are atlea *
equal totheir 1973 requirements .Atthepresent moment ,thetotal net re­
quirements are estimated atapproximately 550-000 metric tons ofcereals .
Inview ofthe local production conditions ,this deficit seems to
affect most ofthepopulations intheSahel andthis perhaps minimizes some
the extent ofthe difficulties which this area isfacing .The volume ofpre
duct iong^iven intheannexed table should notbelooked upon asbeing avai­
lable initsentirety forconsumption in197^since ,inaccordance with com
monpractice ,acertain volume ofproduction will used byproducers to
(1)calculated onthebasis oftotal population andconsumption percapita .
/

build upor,where possible ,replenish family stores .
Inthis context ,there isnodoubt ,that theCommunity ,asindeed all
theother donor countries ororganizations ,must again devote considerable
effort in197^tosupplying theneeds ofthepopulations oftheSahel .In
this respect ,theaffected countries have informed the Community oftheir
hope that itwould beable tomeet most oftherequests (1)they addressed
toit.
2.Commission proposals
a)Volume ofaid
Since food requirements estimates ofthe six countries oftheSahel
for197k reveal that thesituation isatleast asserious asin1973 and
assurring ,forwant ofmore detailed information atthis stage ,that the
various other donors will contribute the same amount ofaid aslast year ,
theCommission considers that the Community must also supply tothose coun~
trie 'sthe same amount ofaid asin1973»(2 ) ''* '
This means that following theCommission theCommunity will have to
allocate tothe countries ofthe Sahel some 110.000 metric tons ofcereals
bywayoffoodaid?^Given thatthepeople mostdirectly affected bythe
drought number between 5and 6millions,' this volume ofaidwould satisfy
their normal cereal requirements forapproximately sixweeks .
(1)Upper Volta 20.000 metric tons ,Mali 60.000metric tons ,Niger 42.000
;-metric tons ,Senegal -30.000 metric tons ,Mauritania andTchad .
(2)Theamount cereals supplied in1973 (107.000 metric tons )did ,
infact ,correspond tototal supplies under 2food aidprogrammes ,
namely those for1971/72and1973/7^.
(3)Should thedeficit beappreciably higher ,itwould benecessary touse
theunused reserve ofthe1973/7^programme .

-y -
'djstressed that such adecision would require exceptiona
efforts onthepart oftheCommunity which istaking into account the
exceptionally dramatic situation inthose countries since thevolume of
avaiMfele Community andunder the1973/7^programme totals only 580,000
metric tons ofcereals and since the level ofaid allocated would beconsi
derably less ifthe same criteria asthose used inrespect ofother coun­
tries were applied tothe countries oftheSahel .
Given the elements ofuncertainty which ,forthereasons previously
mentioned ,accompany the overall estimated ofthe food deficit arrived at
bythe joint donor mission ,theCommission considered that ,forthe purposi
ofdetermining how much aid each country should receive out ofthe total o:
110.000 metric tons ,itwas fair toadopt asthecriterion therespective
numbers ofdistressed individuals .
The table below which was based onthat critarion and onmonthly
consumption percapita gives therelevant requirements ofthevarious count
No.ofrecipients Annual consump -Requirements for
tion percapita 6wksconsumption
Upper Volta
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Sénégal800.000 175 kg
175 kg
165kg
192kg17.500
22.000
16.500
2ko0001.000.000
800.000
Chad1.000.000
600.000
1.200.000
900.000175kg
110 kg13.000 -26.000
12.000
Total 5.100.000
5.700.000105.000 -118.000
./

Onthis basis the Commission considers that itmust share out the
110.000 metric tons tothe Sahel countries asfollow ":
Areserve fund isproposed totake account ofthe fact that while
onthe onehand there areuncertainties ofproduction level estimates or
potential aid levels there isontheother hand thepossibilities of
population movements between the various countries ,aswas the case on
1973 and this would call foradjustments later on.
b)Detailed arrangements
The Commission proposes that the following arrangements beadopted :.
-The general rule must remain that offree distribution .Onthis matter ,
however ,theCommission should bewilling toallow some exemptions on
account ofthe fact that anumber ofcountries have stressed that they
should haallowed tosell some ofthe aid allocated insome urban centres
(including some inthedistressed areas )inorder tocombat theeffects of
speculation which isrampant during aperiod ofshort supply andwhich
severely affects the living conditions ofthos sections ofthepopulation
with lowpurchasing power .
Asinprevious years ,there must beagreement that theproceeds ofthe
sale ofthese products must beused tofinance adevelopment project
halfcsng ahigh employment potential .Upper Volta
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Sénégal
Chad15.000 metric tons
20.000 metric tons
10.000 metric tons
20.000 metric tons
15.000 metric tons
10.000 metric tons
Reserve fund90.000 metric tons
20.000 metric tons
110.000 metric tons

-Fir -i-vereasons expounded inparagraph IIbelov /, .theCommission considers
that theCommunity must bear the cost oftransporting the cereals tothe
places ofdistribution .Italso proposes that theCouncil authorize ,if
need be,that contracts benegotiated privately fortransport from the
unloading ports tothe places ofdistribution .
-Inorder that theproducts may bedispatched assoon aspossible and
arrive before therainy season begins ,theCommission requests the Council
toauthorize theadvanced implementation ofthese measures .
-Furthermore ,onthebasis ofwhat happened in1973 (l)»itappears that
aconsiderable proportion ofthe aid inquestion will have tobesupplied
inthe form ofmaize orderived products ,the remainder being inthe form
ofwheat orwheat flour sorghum and rice .
(l)The107.000 metric tons supplied in1973 included 59.H-00 metric tons of
maiz® ,34.560 metric tons ofwheat and13-000 metric tons ofgrain sorghv

B.Skimmed milk powder
1.Analysis ofrequirements
The drought affecting the countries oftheSahel has not only conside­
rably ;reduced food crops but also inmany cases ,decimated livestock .It
appears that intheSahel area losses amount insome cases to80%ofnon-
migrant livestock and50%migrant livestock .Oneoftheconsequences of
this situation isthat thedistressed populations donothave attheir dis­
posal thequantities ofmilk necessary totheir survival .
Thejoint donors mission andtheGovernements (l)ofthecountries
inquestion have each stressed that food aidprogrammes should include rela­
tively large gifts ofmilk products inorder to :
-enable the implementation ofsocial distribution programmes administered in
general bythenational health oreducational authorities and designed ;to
supply thenecessary amount ofproteins totheparticularly vulnerable sec­
tions ofthepopulations most seriously affected bythis shortage ,such as
children ,expectant ornursing mothers andthesick ,and
-satisfy therequirements ofthedistressed nomadic populations .
The Commission considers that the Community 'sfood aidprogramme for
milk andmilk products for197^must satisfy these ^requirements asmuch as
possible .
The total milk requirements ofthesix countries oftheSahel have
been evaluated at28.893 metric tons andarebroken down asfollows ,depending
onwhether they fall under thesocial distribution programmes ortake the
form ofgifts tobesupplied tothedistressed nomadic populations :
(1)TheCommunity hasbeen approached forthefollowing .quantities :
Upper Volta 3*500 metric tons ,Mali 3*000 metric tons ,<•■■-ii ■i
Niger 10.000 .meiric "ton&i .Mauritania and Chad .

-9-
Social distribution Aid todistressed
nomadic populationTotal
Quantities No.ofreci - .
pientsQuantities No.of
recipients
Upper Volta 2.500 210.000 1.000 800.000 3.500
Mali ΐΛ6θ 200.000 •7.300 1.000.000 8.760
Mauritania 6.000 800.000 6.000
Niger 1.533 200.000 7.300 1.000.000 8.833
Chad 300 1.500 900.000 1.800
Total 5-793 23.100 4.500.000 28.893
2.Commission proposals
Volvgig ofaid
Ofthe80.000 metric tons ofskimmed milk powder which theCommission
also proposes that theCouncil supply to "•meet food aidrequests ,itappears
that 12.000 metric tons must bereserved for the countries ofthe Sahel .
This gift would :
-enable thebulk oftherequirements ofthesocial distribution programmes
tobamet since itwould supply therecipients ofaidunder these program­
mes with adaily intake of20gr.ofskimmed powder foroneyear ;
-provide thedistressed nomadic populations within thelimits oftheir
requirements amounts .ofaidbased onadaily intake of20gr.to30gr.,
inorder tosecure for -thera athree month supply .

TT10m
The table below gives the volumes proposed bythe Commission for
each country :
Social programmes Nomadic populations Total
Quantity Quantity
Epper Volta 1.600 mt 1.000 mt 2.600 mt
Mali *. 1.500 mt 1.400 mt 2.900 mt
1
Mauritania - 2.000 mt 2»G00 mt
Niger 1.500 mt 1.700 mt 3.200 mt
Chad 300 mt 500 mt 800 mt
Total 4.900 mt 6.6OO mt 11.500 mt
b)Detailed arrangements
The Commission proposed that theCouncil adopt the following arran­
gements : ■
-free .distribution for the 11.500 metric tons ofskimmed milk powder ;
-the post oftransport totheplaces ofdistribution tobeborne bythe
Community ;
-authorization ,ifneed be,to contracts tobenegociated privately
fortransport from theunloading ports totheplaces ofdistribution (1)
-authorization foradvanced implementation ofthese measures .
(1)Thejustifications forthese twoproposals aregiven inparagraphe II
below ,which deals with transport matters .

-Il-
C.Butt eroil
1.Requirem ents
Cattle losses inthe .famine areas lead not only toprotein shortag *
but also toaserious deficiency incalories oflipidic origin forthe not
and pastoral people .-..
This iswhy the joint donor mission and theGovernements ofthe
countries concerned (1)have insisted ontheneed toiinclude lipid product
infood aidprogrammes wherever possible .
The Commission considers that the Community should respond tothis
need andinclude inits197^butteroil programme afairly large consignmen
for the Sahel countries .
Reports ofthe joint donor mission show that thetotal ■requirements
ofthe Sahel countries inoils and fats stand at22.790 metric tons ,broke :
down asfollov /s:
Quantity Population mdistress
Upper Volta 6.000 metric tons 2.COO .000
Mali 6.MO » 1.880.000
Mauritania *1.000 " 800.000
.Niger 5.800 " 1.600.000
Chad 150 »
Total : 22.790 " 6.280.000
(1)TheCommunity hasbeen approached forthefollowing quantities :
Upper Volta :6.000 metric tons ,Mali 300metric tons ,Mauritania :
*f.000 metric tons ,Niger :5-800 metric tons ,Chad .

•12-
These figures arebased ontheestimated number ofpersons suffering
from lipid deficiency and adaily per capita ration of10gr.
2.The Commission 'sproposals
a)Amount , ■
Ofthe55*000 metric tons ofbutter ,equivalent to45-000 metric tons
ofbutteroil ,which theCommission elsewhere proposes that theCouncil assign
tomeet food aidrequirements ,4.700 metric tons should bereserved forthe
Sahel countries .
Thefollowing table shows theamounts proposed foreach country within
thelimits oftheir requirements based onadaily per capita consumption of
tengr.tocover requirements for3months (numbers ofrecipients based on
thereport ofthejoint donor mission ).
Quantity No.ofrecipients
Upper Volta 1.800 metric tons 2.000.000
Mali 300ii 1.880.000
Mauritania 1.000» 800.000
Niger 1.450m 1.600.000 . •
Chad 15019
b)Detailed arrangements
TheCommission proposed that theCouncil adopt thefollowing arrange­
ments :
(1)ForMauritania thedaily percapita ration hasbeen setat15gr.
•/.

-13-
-Free distribution ofthequantities set outabove ;
-Payment bytheCommunity oftransport costs asfarasthe distribution
points (1);
-Iftheneed arises ,authorization tonegotiate private contracts ;
-Authorization toadvance the implementation ofthese measures .
(1)seeparagraph II-transports -forespj.aQat3.on

-Ikm
II.TRANSPORT
Because ofthelarge volume ofgoods tobedispatched tothedistressed
populations in197^»especially during thefirst sixmonths oftheyear
ifthey are toarrive before therainy -season ,theproblem oforganizing
transport must again beconsidered asofessential concern todonating coun­
tries and agencies .
TheCommunity should nothesitate toallay thebeneficiary countries
fears inthis matter byadopting transport conditions andarrangements
which ,incoordination with other donors ,will make the best use oflocal
transport nesources andwill deliver the goods toisolated areas before tuo
rains make the roads impassable .
The Commission considers that theCommunity should :
a.paythetransport costs forthegoods asfarasthedistribution
points ; ' . .
b.adopt practical arrangements for thes.e products tobedispatched as
smoothly andrapidly aspossible ..
Payment oftransport costs
In1973 ,theCommunity paid transport costs tothedistribution
points intheSahel countries forthe1972/73cereal andprogramme andthe
J
skimmed :m3.1k powder aid .
The Community adopted this solution inorder to :
a.overcome the financial andpayment worries atpresent facing these
countries forthedelivery offood aidand inparticular formobilizing
allavailable means oftransport ontheir territory , .including ,where the
need arises private means oftransport ;

-15-
b.tomitigate the difficulties facing theadministrations ofthese
countries forthepractical organization oftransport ,forifthe
Community agress topay the cost oftransport tothedistribution point
theadministrations need only prepare adistribution plan which agents
authorized bytheCommunity will beinstructed tofollow .
Erqperience in1973 shows that ingeneral themeasures achieved thei
aims .The Commission therefore feels that the Community should use the
same system in197^.
Ittherefore proposes totheCouncil that theCommunity should
agree topaytransport costs asfarasthepoints ofdistribution forits
gifts incereals ,milk powder andtutteroil .
2.Practical arrangements
Theexperience of1973 hasshown that itisnotpossible toplan
detailed food distribution programmes within each receiving country
when theCommission adopts thepractical arrangements forthemobilization
and the sea transport ofthe products .
Therefore thepractical arrangements will differ ,depending on :
-thedispatching oftheproducts from theCommunity totheAfrica
unloading ports ;
-thedispatching oftheproducts from theunloading ports tothedistri­
bution points . '

-1$-
a.Dispatch from theCommunity tothe loading
Assoon astheCouncil hasadopted the food aidprogramme the
rhythm ofdispatch totheWest African ports must beplanned ,inconjunction
with thereceiving countries and other donors ,onthebasis oftheports *
reception capacity andthemeans available forclearing the food towards the
areas orcountries ofthe interior .
This above planning isessential tothesmooth functioning ofthe
operation ,forcongestion must beavoided onthe transport facilities to
theinterior andtherefore avoid theprolonged stocking attheports .:
Cnthebasis ofthis programme theCommunity will beable choose the
transport agents bytender ontheunderstanding however that theprivate
contracts canbenegociated inurgent cases asinthe case ofmilkproducts .
b.Distpatch from the ports into the interior
Dispatch towards the interior ofthe countries runs into more
difficult and complicated problems than seatransport ,such asthe clearing
capacity ofthetransit and receiving countries ,thepriorities likely to
begiven tofood aidcompared with other types oftransport necessary to
theeconomy ofthecountries andthetypes oftransport available (rail ,
road ,barges and soon).
Arrangements cannot bemade until the foodstuff have arrived atthe
ports .■They must bebased on :
-thedegree ofurgency ifonward dispatch isvery urgent andtraditional
means oftransport areinadequate ,more expensive means (about 25to30%)
than road transport mayhave tobeused .

-17-
-thereal cost oftheoperation ;ineome case itwill beloss expensive
theCommunity touseroad transport than tobear thehigh warehousing
costs ofprolonged storage intheports (l).
Such decisions normally cannot bemade inadvance .For this reason
and onthelines ofwhat wasdecided in1973 »theintervention agencies
must beable atthis stage tonegotiate contracts ontheir own initiatives
with local transport agencies .
These measures ,ofcourse ,call forclose cooperation between the
authorities aftransit andreceiving countries ,thecontractors hired by t
intervention agencies ,theEDFResident Supervisers andthe fiels repre­
sentatives ofother donating countries orbodies .
χ
x x:
Ifthe dispatching canbeplanned efficiently ,itshould bepossible to
avoid anyneed forsuch exceptional steps asanairlift .However ,itmay
happen that exceptional circumstances call forairtransport .
(1)Inmost ports storage after unloading ischarged after tendays .

-18-
Contigency arrangements should bemade forhaving planes available at
very short notice .Coordination machinery could also besetupin
theCommunity .Proposals will bemade onthis matter later .
Finally ,itisworth mentionning that the efficiency ofthe
operation ,consisting ofhaving theproducts atthedistressed areas before
therainy season ,isachieved only ifitissupplemented byadequate storage
inthose areas .Astorage plan should besetupwith thecooperation
oftherecipient countries andwhich sho^ji take intoaccount thepopu­
lation needs ,and the existing facilities andthose which canbeset
upinthe coming months with theproceeds ofthe sales oftheproducts
orwith other sources offinancing andparticularly thos ofEDS 1.
(1)arough eqtimate hasbeen made bythemultidonor mission

II.Ethiopia

-19-
II.ETitOPIA
Preliminary Remarks
According tOiinformation supplied bytheEthiopian Government ,
andconfirmed byother sources (UNDRO vWFP ,Food AidCommittee ),thefood
situation inEthiopia again looks very difficult for197^-Thenumber of
persons (peasants andnomads )affected bydrought andneeding help until
theendof197^amounts toabout 1.600.000 including 'f70.000 children
under nine .
A.Cereals
1.Requirements
Basic food requirements uptotheendof197^arebetween 160.000
and19O0OOO metric tons ,taking account oflocal production .Asforeign aid
sofarpromised amounts to53*000 metric tons (l),including 22.000 metric
tons which will already beused upbythe endof1973 *food requirements in
197^stand atbetween 129*000 and159-000 metric tons .
Inorder toensure aregular distribution offood tothedistressed
population in197^,15.000 metric tons ofcereals will beneeded every
month . ,
2.The Commission 'sproposal .
a.Amount
TheCommission accordingly considers that theCommunity Should'
contribute tothe international effort toassist the distressed people of
Ethiopia ,andproposes anemergency foodaid grant tothat country of
20.000 metric tons ofcereals . '
Asinthe case oftheSahel countries ,this quantity will make it
possible tomeet food needs forabout oneand ahalf months .
b.Arrangements
Invewofthedifficulties now facing thecountry ,theCommission
proposes tothe Council that
-thefood bedistributed free ofcharge tothedistressed population ;
-transport costs tothedistribution points could where appropriate be
metbytheCommunity inthe form ofalump-sum contribution .
(1)Including 2.000 mtfrom Australia ,10.000 mtfrom theChinese RedCross ,
10.000 mtfrom Kenya ,3-000 mtfrom Sweden ,75mtfrom Switzerland (ICRC ),
8.000 mtfrom theUnited States ,5-000 mt,from theEEC ,15-000 mtfrom
the WFP .

-20-
B.Skimmed milk powder
Requirements
Because oflarge cattle losses inthe disaster areas ,themilk requi­
rements ofthepopulation affected will have tobecovered entirely byout­
side assitance .
Milk requirements for197^areestimated at28.800 metric tons .
Present commitments bycertain donating countries' amount tol84metric
tons . ■•
2.The Commission 'sproposal ••
a.Amount
The Commission considers that the Community should help tomake
upthedeficiency bysupplying milk tothepopulation groups forwhom
milk' isabasic food i.e. :
-tothe ^70.000 children ;
-tothe566 .OOOdistressed nomads .
TheCommission therefore proposes that 2.500 metric tons ofakiamed
milk powder besupplied toEthiopia ;onthebasis ofadaily ration of
30gr.,this quantity will provide milk forchildren and nomads forabout
3months .
b.Arrangements
TheCommission proposes that theCouncil adopt the following arran­
gements :
-free distribution ofthe 2.500 metric tons ofskimmed milk powder
-possibility oftransport costs payment bytheCommunity tothe
distribution points ,inthe form ofalump-sum contribution .
(!' :r,cludir :;:.'10mt.from Kenya ,»•...i

-21-
C.Butteroil
1.Requirements
Ethiopia 'sherd asthat intheSahel countries has suffered severe
losses ;Ethiopia hastherefore approached theCommunity forasupply of
butteroil tomeet therequirements ofitspopulation .
2•Commission 'sproposals
a.Aid amount
The Commission believes that the Community should answer favorably
toShiopia 'sRequest .TheCommission submitted totheCouncil thepro­
posal forsupplying Ethiopia with 1.300 metric tons ofbutteroil ,this
quantity being based ona10gr.daily intake for1.600 persons .
b.Practical arrangements
TheCommission 'sproposal totheCouncil isasfollows :
-free distribution of .1.300 metric tons ofbutteroil
-thepossibility ofalump-sum contribution bythe Commlanity
tocover any transport costs that are incurred intransferring
thebutteroil tothe distribution points .

-22-
ij. theCcnmiSGion proposes that theCouncil ,
Asregards cere als :
1.approve ,bydrawing inadvance onthe1973/7**programme ,thegrant
of110.000 metric tons ofcereals tothe Sahel countries and 20-000
•metric tons ofcereals toEthiopia ,andadopt thefollowing distribution
totheSahel countries ;
Upper Volta 15.000 metric tons
Mali 20.000 »
Mauritania 10.000 "
Niger 20.000 "
Senegal 15.000 "
Chad 10.000 "ïïpper Volts
Mali
Mauritanxa
Niger
Sénégal
Chad
Reserve food stock90.000 metric tons
20.000 metric tons
110.000 metric tons .
2.adopt the draft Council decision onCommunity financing ofcertain
expenditure inrespect offood aidsupplied under the1973/7^programme
(Annexe II).
3«adopt theproposal foraCouncil Regulation derogating from Regulation
(EE45 )n°1693/72inrespect ofprocedures laid down forthemobilization
offood aidtothecountries oftheSahel andEthiopia (Annex III).
Asregards milk products :
k.adopt theproposal foraregulation (EEC n° )oftheCouncil
laying down general rules forthesupply ofskimmed milk powder asfood
aid "tothecountries oftheSahel andEthiopia .
5.adopt theproposal foraregulation (EEC )n° establishing thegeners
rules forthesupply ofmilk butter-fat under food aid tothecountries
ofthe Sahel (Annex VI).
6.adopt thedraft Council Decision ontheopening ofnegotiations with the
countries oftheSahel andEthiopia forthesupply ofskimmed milk powdei
andbutteroil asenemergency food aidmeasurer ;andtheadvanced implemer
tation oftheagreements concluded with thosecountries .
7.authorize theadvanced carrying outofthewhole setofactions .
./.

NITEDS ANDREQUIREMENTS TOBEMETBYFOOD AID INTHESAHEL COUNTRIES 1974
Upper Volta Mali Mauritania Niger Sénégal Tchad Total
1.Toual population 5.600.000 5.400.000 1.200.000 4.468.000 4.125.000 3.648.000 24.441.000■" «Γ
2.Anj'ur.l consumption
-^_rcapita (kg)
-total (mt)(b)175
980.000175
995.000165
198.000192
859 .OOO175
810.000110~l60(a )
486.000 4.327.000
3.Expjcted production(mt )
4.Expected trade imports
(rat)ο6^7.000
60.00040.000
27.000636.000480.00^
315.000580.4 OQ
6.000*
5«Goods requirements (mt)
(2-(3+4 ) '117.000 (c)258.000 100 .000 (e)223.000"~OT60.000–1
50.000808.000
6.Supplies instock and
inshipment (rat) 28.900 92.000 42.000 35.700 40.000 29.000 267.600
7.Netrequirements (mt)
(5-6 )88.100 166.000 58.000187.300 20.000 21.000 540.400
_ __u– 1 -1-ww j.ueuucnern zone
()allowing forlosses and ,where applicable ,seeds
dth»8L^/l06ll%^?°?ulatlonsufferingsevereshortagefor3to6months
(eitheaufcritieshavedecided^hisqu°ntity°nminorft§U|Se°|ross'ne°dlt1tyreasonro'Ffements'
difficulties oftransportation anddistribution . '

Annex II
Proposal fo?a
Council Decision
onCommunity financing ofcertain expenditure inrespect of
food aidsupplied under the1973/7^programme
THE COUNCIL OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
Having regard totheTreaty establishing theEuropean Economic Community ;
Having regard toCouncil Regulation (EEC )No.1703/72of3August 1972 ,amend !!....
Regulation (EEC )n°2052/69 (l)asregards theCommunity financing bfexpen­
diture arising from theimplementation ofthe19^7 Food AidConvention and
laying down rules ontheCommunity financing ofexpenditure arising from the
implementation ofthe 1971 Food Aid Convention ,and inparticular Articles
8(1)and10 (1)thereof ;
Having regard totheproposal from theCommission ,
Whereas ,inview ofthe critical situation facing thecountries ofthe
Sahel andEthiopia ,the costs oftransporting food aidinthe form ofcereals
tothe distribution points should beborne bythe Community
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION
Sole Article
Forthepurpose oftheCommunity 'sfood aidactivities under the1973/7^
programme forUpper Volta ,Mali ,Mauritania ,Niger ,Senegal ,Chad and
Ethiopia ,Community financing shall include the cost ofdelivering
thegoods tothedistribution points .This financing canbemet ,ifprovided
bytheagreement ,inthe form ofalump-sum contribution .
Done atBrussels ,
For the Council
The President
(1)0J.n°L180 ,9August 1972 ,p.l .

Annex III
Proposal fora
REGULATION (EEC )OFTHE COUNCIL
•derogating from Regulation (EEC )n°1693/72inrespect ofthe
procedures laid down forthemobilization offood aid tothe
countries ofthe Sahel
THE COUNCIL OFTHE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES .
Having regard totheTreaty establishing theEuropean Economic "
Community ; '
Having regard toCouncil Regulation n°120/67/&EC <l)ofr.13 June .1967
onthe common organization ofthemarket incereals ,aslast amended
byRegulation (EEC )n°13^6/73 (2),andinparticular Article 22a
thereof ;
Haying regard toCouncil Regulation n°'359/67/EEC (3).of25July 1967 on
the common organization ofthemarket inrice ,aslast amended bythe
Act (k)annexed totheTreaty (5)concerning theaccession ofthenew
Member States totheEuropean Economic Community and totheEuropean
Atomic Energy Community ,signed atBrussels on22January 1972 ,and in
particular Article 23a thereof ;
Whereas ,inview ofthetransportation difficulties facing the countries
ofthe Sahel ,itwould beadvisable toadopt asystem fordelivering
Community aidwhich issufficiently flexible toenable these difficulties
tobeovercome asexpeditionsly aspossible when theproducts arrive in
the port ofdischarge inAfrica ;
Whereas ,byits fiecision of 1973 the Council stipulated that ,for
thepurpose oftheCommunity 'sfood aid activities forthe countries of
theSahel ,Community financing would include thecost ofdelivering the
goods atthe distrivution points ;
(1)J.O. n°117 ,19.6.1967 ,p.2269/67
(2)J.O. n°LHfl ,28.5.1933 ,P-8
(3)J.O. n°17*f ,31.7.1967 ,p.l
(*0J.O. n°L73,27.3.1972 ,p.l^t
(5)J.O. n°L73,27.3.1972 ,p.7 ./.

-2-
Whereas recourse inevery case tothetendering procedure provided for
inArticle b(3)ofCouncil Regulation (EEC )n°1693/72 (l)of3August 19
laying down the criteria forthemobilization ofcereals intended asfood
aid does not enable thedesired flexibility andspeed tobeattained as
regards delivery costs between;the cif stage and the distribution points ;
whereas consequently itisadvisable toprovide for thepossibility of
having recourse toother procedures ,such asdirect agreement ;
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION :
Article 1 '
Notwithstanding Article b(3)ofRegulation (EEC )n°1693 /72,transport
from the cifstage tothedistribution points ofcereals andrice made
available tothecountries ofthe Sahel by .way offood aid inthe context
ofthe1973/7^programme maybeobtained ,where necessary byofher 1procedur
than aprocedure bytender .
ï.'ticle 2
This Regulation shall enter into force onthedayfollowing publication
inthe Official Journal oftheEuropean Communities .
This Regulation shall bebinding initsentirety anddirectly applicable in
all Member States .
Done atBrussels , For theCouncil
■i 1 The President
(1)J.O. n°L178 .3.8.1972 ,p.3

Annex IV
Proposai fora"
REGULATION -(EEC )OFTHECOOKIL ■
laying down general rules forthesupply .ofskimmed milk powder
/
asfoos aid tothe countries ofthe Sahel andEthiopia
THECOUNCIL OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES , ■"
Having regard totheTreaty establishing theEuropean Economic Community ;
Having regard toCouncil Regulation (EEC )n°804/68onthecommon orga­
nization ofthemarket inmilk andmilk products ,aslast amended by
Regulation n°l4ll/71 (2),andinparticular Article 6(6 )therof ;
Having regard totheproposal from theCommission ;
Whereas the countries oftheSahel andEthiopia have made known their
requirements asregards skimmed milk powder;'
Whereas itwill notbepossible todispose ofthe quantities ofskimmed
milk powder held byintervention agencies onnormal terms during the
1975/7^milk year ;whereas 1^.000 metric tons ofthis product canbe
supplied asfood aid ;
Whereas toenable effective and asefficient use tobemade ofthe aid ,
aspossible ,provision should bomade for _b^<» -financing ofthecost of
transport tothedistribution points and ,incase ofneea,^, cast ,ua
supply ofvitamins tobeadded tomilk ;
Whereas theamount tobepaid fortransport costs inrespect skimmed milk
powder should bedetermined bycompetition amongst interested undertakings
established intheCommunity ,whereas theinviting oftenders -isasuitable
means ofachieving this aim ,butforthe 1sake offlexibility and ,speed it
maybedesirable tocarry butemergency operations bymeans of ■aprocedure
decided onbyprivate contract ;.....v.,..
(1)OJ.-n°L1W ,28June 1968 ,p.-lj
.,(2)OJ.n°L148 ,3July 1971 ,p.4

-2-
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION :
Article 1
There shall beput atthedisposal ofthecountrieslisted below 14-.000
tons ofskimmed milk powder tobedistributed asfollows :
Republic ofUpper Volta
Republic ofMali
Republic ofMauritania2.600 metric tons
Empire ofEthiopiaRepublic ofNiger
Eepublic ofChad2.900 '
2.000 :'
3.200 •
,800 '
2.500 «
14-.000 metric tons .
Article 2
Tomeet theobjectives mentioned inarticle 1,theCommunity 'sfinancing
shall include the cost oflabeling ,oftransport ofskimmed milk powder to
distribution points andpossibly also thecost ofsupply ofcitamins tobe
added tothe milk ..
The delivery cost uptothe C.IF -.-stage shall .becovered bytheusual tende­
ring procedure oftheCommunity ;however inemergency cases arecourse
can -bemade toa.private arrangement procedure .
Article
The cost oftransport from theCIFstage tothedistribution points shall
becovered bytheusual tendering procedure ,or,ifnecessary ,byrecourse
toaprivate arrangement procedure .However ,this expenditure canbereim­
bursed totherecepient country ,partly orfully ,inthe 'form ofacash
contribution ,ifprovided far intheAgreement .
Article 5
This regulation shall enter into force onthethird day ,following publi­
cation intheOfficial Journal oftheEuropean .Communities .
This Regulation shall bebinding initsentirety andriectly applicable
inall Member States .Article 3
Done atBrussels , For the Council
The President

Annex V
Proposal tora
REGULATION ÜEECl O?TOO !COUITOIL
laying down general rules forthesupply «ailk -fats asfood aid to
the countries oftheSahel andEthiopia
THECOUNCIL OPTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES , *
Having regard totheTreaty establishing theEuropean Economic Community ;
Having regard toCouncil Regulation .(EEC)n°80^/68(1)of27June 1968
onthecommon organization ofthemarket inmilk products ,aslast amended
byRegulation (EEC )n°1^11/71 (2),andinparticular Article 6(6)therof ;
Having regard totheproposal from theCommission ;.
Whereas thecountries oftheSahel andEthiopia have made known their
requirements asregards milk fats ;
Whereas itwill notbepossible todispose ofthequantities ofbtttter held
byintervention agencies onnormal terms during the1973/7^milk year ;
whereas inthe unaltered state orinthe form ofbutteroil 7»320 metric
tons ofbutter or6.000 metric tons ofbutteroil canbesupplied asfood
aid ;
Whereas toenable effective use tobemade oftheaid ,provision should
bemade forthe financing ofthe cost oftransport tothedistribution
points ; •
Whereas theamount tobepaid toundertakings manufacturing butteroil and
certain transport costs inrespect ofbutter andbutteroil should bedeter­
mined bycompetition amongst interested undertakings established inthe
Community ; ■ , •,**'' '"l' '' - ••
Whereas theinviting ,oftenders isasuitable means ofachieving this aim ,
but forthesake offlexibility andspeed itmaybedesirable tdcarry
outemergency operations bymeans ofaprocedure decided onbyprivate
contract ;
(1)OJn°Ll*f8 ,28June 1968 ,p.13
(2)OJn°Ll*f8 ,3July 1971 ,p.^.

mPmm
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION t
Article 1
There shall beput atthedisposal ofthe countries oftheSahel and
Ethiopia 7.320 metric tons ofbutter held byintervention agencies in
theform of6.000tons ofbutteroil asfood aid .Thequantities provided foi
each beneficiary country and themeans offinancing them aredescribed in
theannex tothis regulation .
■Article 2 -
The cost oftransforming butter into butteroil ,packing andtransport from
the factory totheplaces ofdestination aresubject toatendering procedui
However ifnecessary transport cost from theFOB stage tothepoint of
distribution canbecovered byaprivate arrangement procedure ,insofar
asitisprovided forintheagreement ,the cost oftransport from the
CIFstage totheplaces ofdestination canbereimbursed totherecipient
country partly orfully inthe form ofacash contribution ifprovided for
intheAgreement .
Article 3
Thesums tobepaid totheundertaking towhich acontract isawarded as
theresult ofaninvitation totender orprivately shall bedueonly where
a)theundertaking satisfies theconditions attached totheinvitation to
tender ;and
b)thequality andpacking ofthedelivered product arefound oninspection
toconform tothe relevant Community provisions .
Provisions may bemade forpartial advance payment ofsuch amounts .
Article b
This Regulation shall enter into force onthethird dayfollowing its
publication intheOfficial Journal oftheEuropean Communities .
This Regulation shall bebinding initsentirety anddirectly applicable
inall Member States .
'f ; „ .
3otie atBrussels,' For the Council
The President

Annex VI
Proposal foraCouncil Decision ontheopening ofnegoetations with the
countries of .theSahel andwith Ethiopia forthe supply ofskimmed milk
powder andbutteroil as .emergencies food aid and ontheadvance implemen
tation ofthe agreements negotiated with those countries .
THE COUNCIL OFTHE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
Having regard totheTreaty establishing theEuropean Economic Community
andinparticular Articles 113 ,11^and228thereof ;
Having regard totheproposal from theCommission ;
Whereas supplies ofskimmed milk powder andbutteroil toChad ,Mali ,
Mauritania ,theNiger ,Senegal andUpper Volta ,and toEthiopia are
necessary inview oftheworsening food situation resulting from extre­
mely unfavourable ©limatic conditions ;
whereas apositive response should begiven tothese requirements in
theform ofl'f.OOO metric tons ofskimmed milk powder and 6.000metric
tons ofbutteroil and whereas the Commission should ,for that reason ,be
authorized toopen nagotiations with those countries ;
whereas ,given theurgent nature ofthose countries' request ,the
Commission should beauthorized tomake arrangements forthe supply of
the skimmed milk powder assoon thenegotiations are concluded ;
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION {
Article 1
The Commission ishereby authorized toopen negotiations forthe conclu­
sion ofagreements forthesupply ofskimmed milk powder andbutteroil
asfood aidbetween theEuropean Economic Community andtheRepublics
ofChad ,Mali ,Mauritania ,theNiger ,Senegal andUpper Volta ,and the
Empire ofEthiopia .

-2-
Itshall conduct these negotiations inaccordance with theannexed directives
asregards skimmed milk powder and inaccordance with Regulation (EEC )
n° /73laying down general rules forthesupply ofmilkfats asfood aid to
the countries ofthe Sahel .
Article 2
The Commission ishereby authorized tomake arrangements forthe suppjy
ofthe skimmed milk powder and butteroil tothe countries referred toin
Article 1assoon asthe negotiations are concluded .
Done atBrussels , For the Copncil
The President

-3-
Annex
A.Quantities ofdispatch
Skimmed powder milk
Republic ofUpper Volta
Republic ofMali
Republic ofMauritania2.600 metric tons
Republic ofNiger
Republic ofChad
Ethiopia2.900
2.000
3.200
800
2.500
1M-.000 metric tons
B.Delivery arrangements
The goods shall bemade available totheRepublics ofUpper Volta ,
Mali ,Mauritania ,Niger ,Senegal and Chad free ofcharge atthe
places ofdestination .
C.Quality standard and packaging
Tobedefined byagreement between theparties ,but atleast tocomply witli­
theprovisions oftheAnnex toCommission Regulation (EEC )n°1108/68of
27July 1968 (*).
(*)O.J. n°L184 ,29.7.1968 ,p.3^
./

Annexe VII
FINAN CIAL ANNEX
Aid
Countries ofthe Sahel
Ethiopia
I.EXPENDITURE ONFOOD AIDPROPERLY SOCALLED (Chapter 90)
A.Cereals (130.000 rat) 27-300.000
-Foodstuff :110(l)xl30.000 =14.300 .000
-Inland transport cost :
100 χ130.000 =13.000.000
B.Powdered milk (14.000 mt) 9*520.000
-Foodstuff :580 xl4.000 =8.120.000
-Inland transport cost :
100 χ14.000 =1Λ00.000
C.Butteroil (6.000 mt)
-Foodstuff :870^'x 6.000 =5.220.000
-Inland transport cost :100x6.000 "s600.000
D.TOTAL 42.640.000
II.SXPENDITURE UNDER COMMON AGRI CULTURAL POLICY
(equivalent torefunds )
-powdered milk :80x14.000 =1.120.000
-butteroil :1320x 6.000 =7-920.000
9.040.000
(1)weighted average threshold price (maize 2/31050 ua/mt,wheat 1/3
ua/mt)from January toJune 1974
(2)current intervention price (650ua/mt)plus delivery toFOBstage
(10ua/mt)less FOBrefund (80ua/mt)
(3)current interned price (2320 ua/mt)plus delivery toFOBstage
(10ua/mt)less FOBrefund (1320 ua/mt).