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Vol.1981/0025

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(81)85 final
Brussels.26thFebruary 1981
MEMORANDUM
ontheimplementation ofanironandsteelresearch ;
programme,withaviewtoobtaining financial aid
underArticle 55(2)(c)oftheECSCTreaty
COM(81)85final

MEMORANDUM
ontheimplementation ofanironandsteel
research programme ,withaviewtoobtaining
financial aidunderArticle 55(2)(c)of
theECSCTreaty N
IINTRODUCTION
Theresearch proposals onironandsteeloutlined inthismemorandum have
beenselected fromatotalof172thatweresubmitted totheCommission -
oftheEuropean Communities requesting aidunderArticle 55,2(c)ofthe
ECSCtreaty.Afteradetailed examination bytheservices ofthe
Commission incollaboration withtheIronandSteelTechnical Research
Committee,71proposals havebeenselected asfirstpriority andconstitute
theECSCresearch programme inthesteelsectorfor1981.
Inexamining theaimsoftheproposals andassessing theirsignificance
toenhancing thecompetitiveness ofthesteelindustryparticular attention
hasbeengiventorequests concerned withthereduction ofoperating and
production costs(including energysavingandenergysubstitution ),with
increasing thequalityofsteelproducts andwithimproving theperformance
ofsteelsinservice .
Thetechnical contentoftheproposed programme coversvariousaspectsof
theproduction ,processing andproperties ofironandsteelwiththelevel
offundingdistributed asfollows :ironmaking (5%);steelmaking (31%);
rollingmillsandmechanical working (12.4%);measurements andanalysis
(13%);properties andserviceperformance (34.2);plantavailability (3.6%).
Intheproduction andprocessing sectoroftheprogramme,theneedto
achievegreaterefficiency andflexibility inenergyutilisation isagaina
majortheme.Twoprojects dealwiththedevelopment oftechnology thatwill
permitnon-coking coalstobemorewidelyusedasanenergysourceand,
thereby,reduceoilandgaseousfuelrequirements .Thisworkwillcoverthe
injection ofpowdered coalintotheblastfurnace andinto,amodified basic
oxygenfurnace;thistatterresearch willenablescrapconsumption in •
integrated steelplantstobeincreased whichhasimportant economic
implications .Otherstudiesincludeeffortdirected atincreasing the
efficiency oftheblastfurnace aswellasimproving theproductivity of
continuous castinginstallations andthequalityofthecastproduct.„
Progress onthislatterareawiltleadtothemoreeffective exploitation
,ofcontinuous castingwiththeobviousbenefitsthiswillhaveformetal
yield,energyeconomy .andworkingconditions .Inanefforttoreduce
capitalcostsandextendflexibility ,research isproposed alsoonthe
development ofthehorizontal continuous castingofthinsections .

-2-
Inthefieldofrollingmilltechnology ,theopportunity toreduceenergy
consumption istheaimofamajorstudyonhotstripproduction byoptimising
production scheduling ratherthanmaximising productivity .Investigations
relating toareduction ofwidthvariations andbettercontrolofflatness
inthehotrollingofflatproducts arealsoproposed .
Theprojects onmeasurements andanalysis areconcerned withthedevelopment
ofnewandimproved methodsofqualityassessment ,chemical analysis and
processcontrol;thesearchformoreaccurate methodsofdetecting surface
andinternal defects inrolledproducts andquantitatively theirsizeand
distribution remains amajorobjective inthisprogramme .
Technological developments ontheproperties andutilisation ofstselare
beingincreasingly influenced byprocessing andfabrication costs,concern
forenergy,productreliability andsafetyaswellasthegrowingemphasis
onconservation .Againstthisbackground ,research isproposed onnew
weldingtechniques onthefracture characteristics ofstructural steelsand
theeffectofweldsandontheimproved corrosion resistance ofsteelswhile
astudyisproposed toevaluate theopportunities forsteelinthedeve­
lopmentofnewcoalutilisation technologies .Also,anextension is
requested ofalargeCommunity programme toinvestigate furtherthe.
corrosion fatigueproperties ofsteelsforoffshore structure applications .
Theinitial work,whichendedin1980,provided awealthofinformation ^
whichisprovingtobeofvaluetosteelproducers ,designers andinspec­
torsoftheselargeandcomplexstructures ;however,gapshaveappeared in
thedatawhichhavecalledforfurtherexperimental work.
Valuableopportunities toachievecost-savings inproduction canbegained
byimproving plantmaintenance methods andreducing thecostsofthis
essential activity .Consequently ,anewsectionhasbeenintroduced inthe
programme dealingwiththisfieldandthreeproposals havebeensubmitted
covering problems ofwear,abrasion anderosionofsteelplant andequip­
mentaswellasimproving thereliability ofcranes *
Thefinancial aidforthe71research proposals presented beLowamountto
atotalof19.364.000 ECU.. "
II.THERESEARCH PROJECTS
II-1.OREREDUCTION
Blastfurnace
Projects P1023andP1047formasupplement totheCommunity programme of
research onthecohesive zoneinblastfurnacethatwasinitiated last •
year.Theworkscheduled inconnection withProject P1023isconcerned
inparticular withresearchintothepermeability ofthe"deadman"in
respectbothofgasesandofliquidconstituents suchasslagandpigiron.
InthecontextofProject P1047,thelocalreduction conditions atthe
leveloftheblast-furnace bosharetobesimulated andinvestigated .The
twoprojects complement eachotherinthattheformerismoreconcerned with
thephysical andtechnical flowaspects,whilethelatterconcentrates on

-3-
thechemical aspects.Projet P1069canberegarded asapreliminary study
foraCommunity programme scheduled fornextyearonthe"injection of
solidfuelsintotheblastfurnace".Inthisproject,themaximumpermis­
sibleparticle sizeofthecoalfortheinjection operation istobe
determined withtheaimofkeepingthecrushing costsaslowaspossible .
P1023;Investigations inthedeadmanandhearthoftheblastfurnace
Aprobeistobeconstructed andtestedwhichwillmakeitpossible to
carryoutcoredrilling intothecentreoftheblastfurnace.Itisthen
plannedtoinjectmarkedsubstances atvariouspointsinordertodetermine
thedistribution rate.Inaddition,theforceneededtoinserttheprobe
intothedeadmanistobemeasured .Cokesamplesatvariouspoints from
theperiphery tothecentrearetoberemoved andexamined .
Theinvestigations aretobecarriedoutinamodernblastfurnaceloaded
withhigh-grade oreandfittedwithveryefficient measuring devices.
Applicant :IR'SID-St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount :969.500 Ecu
Duration :4years
P1047:Effectofblastfurnace burdendistribution onradialreduction
behaviour ofiron-forming elements
Comparative investigations intothereactionkinetics ofpastyortrickling
iron-bearing constituents (sinter,pellets )andcokearetobecarried
out.Themainobjective hereistostudythetransport ofC,SandSi
fromcokeandslagintothemetal".'Theore/cokeratioistobevariedfor
this'purposewithintherangefrom1:10to5:10inordertosimulate
theconditions obtaining attheperiphery andinthecentreoftheblast
furnace .Furthertestparameters aredegreeofreduction andbasicity of
theores. ',
Itisplannedtocarryoutlaboratory testson500-gsamples andsmelting
testsintheTammanfurnace on10-kgsamples.
Applicant :CSM-Roma
Amount :390.000 Ecu
Duration :2years
P1069:Coalinjection intotheblastfurnace «
Inthisproject,theintention istodetermine thegreatestparticle size
withwhichcomplete combustion canbeachieved intheinjection ofcoal ,
dustintotheblastfurnace.Twotestseriesareplanned :
(a).withacoal/oilslurry (40-70%coal),
(b)withdirectinjection ofcoal(bituminous coal,anthracite ).
t
Thequantities injected aretobevaried "from50to200kgcoalorslurry/
tonnepigiron. <
./.

-4-
Theworkistobeearnedoutin.atestfurnacetobeequipped withablast
vfurnacetuyerewithablast-air throughput of50m3/minute.'
applicant :Estel-Hoogovens -Ijmuiden
Amount :200.000 Ecu. .
Duration :1year
II
a)Casting andsolidification
Aporoximately 31/4ofallthesteelproduced intheCommunity atthestart
of1980wascontinuously cast.Compared withJapanwherethecorresponding
figurewas52%,.thisisverylow.TheCommunity lagsbehingJapannotonly
incapitalinvestment butalsointechnology .Inmanycasestheproduc-
•tivityofJapaneseplantsisbetter;European firmsaretherefore buying
Japanese know-how . - .'
Theresearch oncontinuous castingthuscarriestoppriority .Fourofthe
fiveproposedprojects ,therefore relatedirectly ,totheimprovement of
continuous castingtechnology .
Thefollowing objectives arebeingpursued :
Project P928isconcerned withthedevelopment ofhorizontal continous
casting.Ifsuccessisachieved thecapitalcostofacontinuous casting
plantcouldbelowered byapproximately 20%.Inaddition,steels'which
becauseoftheirstrength athightemperatures canonlybeproduced inthe .
presentstateoftheartbyingotcasting (e.g.ledeburitic steels,tool
steelsetc.)couldbemadeaccessible tothecontinuous castingprocess.
Projects P982andP1055areaimedatimproving productivity andquality./
Metallurgical andprocesstechnology measures whichareimportant for
themanufacture ofproducts withbetterhomogeneity andqualitywillbe
studied.Underproject P1055anattemptwillbemadetoproduce acasting
withstiffersolidification shellbymeansofmodifications tothedesign
ofthe1mould.Theaimofproject P1054istoaddcertaineasilyoxidised
alloying elements tothecastingstream.
. ' - η
Theworkenvisaged underproject P929isaimedatimproving thedurability
ofslab-type ingotmouls,therebyloweringoperating costsinxingotcasting.
P928:Pilotplantprocessdevelopment forhorizontal continuous casting
ofthinslabs
Thepurposeofahorizontal continuous castingprocessunderdevelopment
bytheBSCistocastslabs500mmwideand75mmthick(total40four-tonne
casts).vThe research willconcentrate onproductquality.vSomeofthetest-
castswilltherefore beexamined forstructure,segregation andcleanness,..
others-afterrolling–fortheirmechanical properties .Thus:
-thefirstfivetestcastswillbecarriedoutformachine commis­
sioning, .- i
./.-Iimuiden
-2.STEELMAKING

afurther twenty test casts will bemade toinvestigate the
influence ofcasting rate (upto20 m/min)and superheat on
structure and segregation ;
tentest casts will bemade toinvestigate the influence of
fluxes oncleanness andinclusions ;! ,
five test casts will bemade todetermine mechanical properties
after rolling .
Thesteel grades involved are :C-Mn steels and low carbon AI–killedsteels
Applicant :BSC (Teeside Laboratories )-London
Amount :723.500 Ecu
Durat ion :3years
P929 :Establishment ofdesign parameters for large slab-type ingot moulds
Thevarious parameters fortheproduction ofslab-type ingot moulds -
particularly modified graphite cast iron moulds -will bedetermined by
measurement andcalculation oftemperatures and stresses under plant
conditions .Thetemperatures will bemeasured bythermocouples ,stresses
will bedetermined bymeans ofstrain gauges and Thermovision equipment .
Different .mould design variants will beinvestigated .The abovementioned
measurements will besupplemented bythe metallographic examination of
moulds withdrawn from service and byhottensile tests atvarious tempe - '
ratures .Stress and temperature distribution will then bedescribed bythe
finite' element method .' >
Applicant :BSC (Welsh Laboratories )-London >
Amount :-229.000 Ecu
Duration :2years '
P928 :Influence ofmetallurgical and process engineering measures on
solidification inthe continuous casting ofsteel
*
ν
This project comprises thefollowing investigations : .
/.
/ '
(a) process engineering measures forthe improvement ofcontinuous
casting technology .Inthis connection ,oxygen activity inbillet ,
andslab plants will becontinuously monitored .Thestate ofthe
mould will also becontinuously monitored via the heat removed .-
Athird measure will betooptimize thequantity ofinert gasin'
shrouding tubes and immersion nozzles .
(b) Metallurgical measures toinfluence solidification texture and
technological properties .Inthis case theproperties offlux
powders will bedetermined inatesting procedure close tooperating
conditions with atemperature gradient .Inaddition ,theinter­
actions between deoxidation ,steel composition ,solidification
cross section ,cleanness andthetechnological properties ofblooms
andcontinuously cast billets onnon-alloy andalloy special
structural steels will beinvestigated .(Wire grades ,case-hardening

-6-
steels,freecuttingsteelsandquenching andtempering steelswill
,alsobecovered bytheresearch.)
ic)Plantcondition andsolidification textureasparameters influencing
internal defectsincontinuously castslabs.Theintention hereisto
determine interactions betweenthequalitative internalstateofthe
casting andthemechanical condition oftheplant.Inaddition the
mechanism ofcrackformation (internal andexternal cracks)in
continuous casting wi1,1bedetermined bysimulation .Thefollowing
steelworks andinstitutes areparticipating :
Estel-Hoesch AG,Dortmund
KruppStahlAG,Bochum
KruppSudwestfalen AG,Siegen
Mannesmann-Forschungsmstitut GmbH,Duisburg
Stahlwerke Röckling .Burbach GmbH,Völklingen ^
Thyssen AG,Duisburg
Hamburger Stahlwerke GmbH,Hamburg
Technische Hochschule Aachen,Aachen
Technische Universität Clausthal ;;Clausthal
Max-Planck Institut fürEisenforschung ,Düsseldorf ~
Applicant :V/DEh-DUsseldorf f
Amount :2.706.500 Ecu ' v '
Duration :3years
P1054Newmethodsofalloyingsteelincontinuous casting
Withinthecontextofanearlierproject,"atechnology hadbeendeveloped
andtestedbytheapplicant toreducesteeloverheating inthemouldby
theaddition ofmetalpowder.Underthisproject,theironpowderwillbe
replaced byalloying elements whichwillbeaddedinthemouldina
similar manner.Furtheradditions ofmetalpowderalloyedwithAl,Tiand
Bwillbemade.Themetering technique willbedeveloped
•■*•••forcastingwithanopencastingstream,and
•*forcastingwithimmersion nozzles.
Thesteelspecimens willfirstbemeltedina200kginduction furnace and
subsequently ina1.500kginduction furnaceattheCSM;theywillthen
beprocessed intheinstitute'spilotplants.
Applicant :CSM-Roma *'
Amount :367.000 Ecu
Duration ;2years
P1055:Corrugated-wall mouldforthecontinous castingofslabs
Inordertoimprovethesurfacequalityofcontinuously castproducts-
particularly withregardtotheoccurrence ofsurfacecracks^aslab-
typemouldwillbedeveloped equipped withvertical corrugations .The
riskoflongitudinal cracksoccurring isknowntobeparticularly highin
verylowcarbonsteelsorinstainless steelsoftypeAISI304,i.e.in
steelswithahightendency toshrinkage .Thedesignmodification inthe
./.

-7-
mouldwillprovide asolidification shellwithastiffening ribwhichwill
reducesusceptibility tocracking .
Applicant :CSM-Roma
Amount :652.000 Ecu ''r
Duration :3years -..,•
. •-*• - 'l' %-.
b)Steelworks_-_metal lura^ •
■■ *-
Projects P975,P1021andP1025areaimedatimproving theexchange of
material between Slagandmetalinthebasicoxygenconverter toachieve ■
bettercrudesteelquality.Inthecontextofprojects 1021and1025,
selected phasesoftherefining process suchassiliconremoval,desulphu­
rization anddephosphorization willbeseparated inspaceandtime.The
efficiency ratesoftheindividual processes willbeincreased thereby.
InProject P978scraporspongeironwillbemeltedinaconverter with
theuseofsolidcoalfinesasanenergycarrier. ,\
f*975:Physicalproperties ofslagusedinbasicoxygensteelmaking 'i
Thethermodynamic dataofLDslagswhichhavenotyetbeendocumented -
viscosity,density,surfacetension,conductivity ,etc.-willbecollated
inaforminwhichtheycanbeeasilyusedbythesteelmaker andwillbe
published intheformofahandbook . "
1 <
. ' 'Applicant :NPL-Teddington .
Amount :103.500 Ecu
Duration :2years
P978:Development oftheKlockner steelmaking process .Construction and
operation ofaprototype
Theseparate processstagesofpreheating andmeltingofscrap(orsponge
.iron),afterburning ofrefining gasesandinjection ofsolidcarboncarriers
willbecombined inasinglereaction vessel.Forthispurpose,a125-tonne
-prototype plantwillfirstbebuilt.Theconstruction oftheplantdoesnot
formpartoftheresearch •project .-Afteritscompletiorv testsareplanned
inwhichaliquidsumpofmoltenironwillbecharged.Subsequently only
solidiron-bearing materials willbecharged;thesewillbeheatedbynatural
gas/oil-oxygen burnersinapreheating phase.Whenaliquidmetalbathhas
formed,thesystemwillbeswitchedtocarboninjection .Investigations
willextendtothemetallurgy oftheprocess,energyconsumption ,refractory
wear,processcontrol andergonomic problems .
Applicant :Klöckner WerkeAG-Duisburg
Amount :2.467.500 Ecu
Duration :2years
-P1021:Low-slag refining intheLDconverter
Thehotmetalwillbepretreated betweenblastfurnace andconverter so
thatrefinement intheconverter cantakeplacewithsmallerquantities of
slag.Thefollowing advantages areexpected fromthis:increase inproduction ,
./.

-8-
lowermaterial inputandmaterial losses,lessrefractory wearandbetter
processcontrol.
Thefollowing variants willbeinvestigated :
siliconremovalintheLDconverter (normaloperation )
siliconremovalinthetorpedoladleorcharging ladle
siliconremovalinthetappinglaunder
dephosphorization anddesulphurization ofthehotmetalaftersilicon
removal intheladle.
Theindividual variants willthenbeinvestigated fortheireconomic
efficiency .Thetestswillbeconducted duringnormaloperation .
Applicant :KruppStahlAG-Bochum
Amount 966.500 Ecu
Duration :3years '
P1025:Pre-refininq ofhaematite pigiron'.
. , ,
Theprogrammes forthisproject andthepreceding one(P1021)are
coordinated withoneanother .
Thevariouspossibilities ofpre-refinementwillbetestedandassessed in
laboratory andinsemi-industrial trials.Thesetestsshouldenable :
-theadditives tobeselected,
theirquantities tobedetermined ,
equilibria tobedetermined ,
-temperature influences tobedetermined ,
refractories tobeselected and ,
thetemperature balancetobedrawnup >
Appltcant :Irsid,St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount .:741,.000Ecu
Duration :3years -
c)SteeJ.w0rks_-_techn0J.02x
- s 1
TheonlyprojectinthissectorisP933.Itsaimistodevelop an
easilyinstalled auxiliary heatingsystemforelectric arcfurnaces .The
advantages expected fromthisformofauxiliary heatingare:
areduction innoiselevels,
–greaterelectrical stability,' .
-lowerelectrode consumption .
P933:Theuseofplasmagunsforauxiliary heatinginanelectric arc
furnace
Theoilburnersusedforauxiliary heating,willbereplaced byplasmaguns;
oneoftheseistobemountedinitially fortrialsina500kgexperimental
furnace .
./.

-9-
V «
Theschedule forthetestprogramme isasfollows :
selection ofplasmagun(outputapprox.1.400kW)
meltingtestswithvarioustypesofscrap
measurement ofelectrical andheattransferefficiency
repetition oftestsinalargerelectric furnaceoperated withone
central electrode "
technical andfinancial assessment forinstalling plasmagunsin ,
UHPfurnaces ■
Applicant :BSC(Sheffield Laboratories ),-London
Amount :274.500 Ecu I"
Duration 2years
d)Refractories
; . ..
P1053istheonlyapplication concerned withthisfield.TheuseofCaOtricksasarefractory materialhasnothithertobeenpossibleowingto,
their .intensely hygroscopic behaviour .Theapplicant hassucceeded in
producing astabilized CaOsinterwhichdoesnotpossessthisundesirable
property .TheaimoftheprojectistotestaCaOliningofthistype -in
anindustrial refractory system. '
; ' . ' ,
P1053:Useofcalciumoxideasarefractory material fortheliningof
ladlesforrefining outsidethesteelfurnace
Refractory bripkswillbeproduced fromastabilized CaOsinter.The
material willbecompacted intobricksusingtarasabinder.Aladlewill
belinedwiththesebricksandtested.Itishopedinparticular tobe
abletoreduceexogenous inclusions oftheMg0-Al_0,spineltype.
Applicant :CSM-Roma '
Amount :473.000 Ecu x
Duration :2years
^ '■
e)Theoretical steelmaking
Deoxidization anddesulphuri zationwithCahavetakenonincreasing
importance inrecentyears.Inparticular ,Caisbeingusedtoanincreasing
extentintheproduction offreecuttingsteels.Whileanumberoftechni­
queshavebeendeveloped,concerned specifically withtheaspectofalloying,
thereremainconsiderable gapsinthebasicthermodynamic science.
P981:Optimization ofdesulphurization andinclusion formation inthe
calcium treatment ofsteelmelts ^
Thermodynamic dataforreactions between Ca,0andSinnon-alloy andalloy
steelswhichhavenotyetbeendetermined willbedocumented withtheaimof
optimizing theCatreatment ofsteel.Thefollowing studiesareplannedfor
thispurpose : '
-determination ofCasolubility inpureironatdifferent pressures S
determination ofCasolubility inFealloys' (C,Si,Mn,Cr?Ni,Al)

-10-
Investigation ofthereactions ofCa+0(Ca+S)inpureironand
Cr-Nialloys.
Thestudieswillbeconducted inthelaboratories oftheMPi.
Applicant :VDEh-Dusseldorf
Amount :237.500 Ecu
Duration :3years
II~3.MECHANICAL WORKING
a)Hotrolling mills-longproducts
TheaimofProject P936istostudytheindividual factorsresponsible
fortheoccurrence ofendsplitting intherollingoffreecuttingsteels.
TheaimofProject P984istoincreaserollingspeedsonwiremillsrolling
mediumandhighalloysteelsbyimproving thetemperature control conc-ept.
P936:Thecauseofendsplitting duringtherollingoffreecuttingsteels
Tobeginwithallfactorswhichinfluence thesespecialrollingdefects,such
asreheating conditions ,stocksection size,rollandstockwatercooling,
reduction sequence andinterpass delayswillbestudied.Inthisfirstphase,
thetestswillbecarriedoutonanexperimental millusingnormalcommercial
steels.
Thespecialinfluences ofalloying elements (sulphur,lead,bismuth )and
specialcasting andsolidification conditions willthenbeinvestigated .
Studieswillbeconducted inparallel onhotworkability .Finally amodel
willbedeveloped todescribe thelocalstressandstraindistribution
patterns intherolj.gapunderdifferent stock/reduction sequences .
Applicant :BSC(Sheffield Laboratories )-London .N
Amount :267.500 Ecu
Duration :2years ''
P984:Rollingofhighalloysteelsonwiremillsathigherrollingspeeds
FormabiIity,temperature conductivity ,heattransfer values,recrystalli­
zationbehaviour andresistance todeformation willbedetermined forvarious
groupsofspecialsteels.Thesedatawillthenbeusedtoderive.
coolingconditions duringrolling (phaseofcoolingandcooling Line
length), ,
rollingspèeds,and
position andlengthoftemperature equalizing lines.
Itwillthenbepossibletoachieve abetterdefinition ofthedistances
tietweenstandsandthelengthofcoolinglinesrequired fornewrolling
mills.

-11-
Thetemperature controlconcepts developed willbetestedoperationally on
thespecialsteelmillsofThyssenEdelstahlwerke andKruppSudwestfalen.
Applicant :BFI-Dusseldorf
Amount 549.000Ecu
Duration :31/2years
b)Hotrollingmills-flatproducts
Rollingsequences androlling programmes arenormally gearedtomaximum
production .Underproject 963,programmes willbeorganized toensure
jninimum'energyconsumption .Thiswillenable ,energycoststobekeptto
thelowestpossible levels,particularly whenthemillisnotbeingused
tofulIcapacity .
Theaimofthethreeotherprojects istosecureimprovements inprocess
control.UnderProject P1030,aclosed-circuit controlsystemwillbe
developed toimproveflatness controlofhot-rolled widestrip.Flatness
measurement ,rolldeflection ,rollseparating forceandtheflatness values
ofthepreceding' standwillbeincluded intheControlcircuit.Themain 1
objective ofProject P1032istoreduceWidthfluctuations onroughing
trains.Thiswillreducematerial lossescausedbyoverwidths .Under
Project P1056anattemptwillbemadetoincludestructural transformation
phenomena inthecontrolof.therollingprocess andinthis,mannerto
secureoptimummaterialproperties inthemillproducts .
P963:Crisispacingmethodforawidestripmill
Optimumholdingtimesinsoakingpitswillbecoordinated withoptimum
material temperatures inprimary andfinishing millsinsuchawayasto
secureminimumenergyconsumption . •-•
Forthispurposes aprocesscontrol programme willbedeveloped tocover
thefollowing .data:
thickness,widthandweightoftheslabandgradeofsteel;
thedataforthefinished product (thickness,width,shape,final
rollingtemperature andcoilingtemperature ofhotstrip);
thecostsperunitofelectrical andthermalenergy;
anybottlenecks insoakingpits,primarymillandfinishing mill.
i
Twopairsofdatawillbecombined ineachcase,e.g.slabthickness,strip
thickness andminimumtemperature interval .
Aoplicant :CRM-Liege
Amount :922.000 Ecu *
Duration :4years
P1030:Flatness control onthehotstripmill
Tobeginwithitisintended todevelop atheoretical modelforflatness in
whichtherolI.profile,rollseparating forceandback-uprollbending
willbetakenintoaccount.Withtheaidofthismodel,flatnesswillbe

-12-
monitored andcontrolled inLineinthetransverse direction .Aflatness-
measuring instrument fittedsixmetresafterthelastrollingstandwillbe
usedformeasurement sensing.
Intheindustrial partoftheresearch,theeffectofback-uprollbending
ontherollingstandwillalsobeinvestigated .Itisexpected inaddition
that-thetestswillshowatwhichstand(thelastorlastbutone)itwould
bemostappropriate toinstall aback-uprollbendingcontroldevice.
Applicant :irsid-St.Germam-en-Laye
Amount :498.500 Ecu ,
Duration :3years
I .'
P1032:Widthcontrolintheroughing standofthestripmill .
Widthfluctuation inprimarymillswillbeanalysed toprovide abetter
understanding ofthephenomenon .Forthispurpose :
theoretical andexperimental studieswillbecarriedouton
malfunctions invertical stands; i
arolling modelwillbedeveloped forvertical andhorizontal
standstakingintoaccounttemperature gradients intheslab
andtensilestresses betweensuccessive stands;
themodelwillbeverified inasimulation plantusingplasticine ;
theresultswillbecompared withthosefromoperational tests;
themodelwillbetestedinanindustrial plant. ;
Applicant :Irsid-St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount :690.500 Ecu
Duration :4years
P1056:Sheetmillmicrostructural phenomena control system
Thekinetics ofmicrostructural transformations willbestudied inanew
control modeltobedeveloped .Theresearch willbedividedintothe
following stages :
development ofthe"microstructure "model;
-"inclusion ofthemicrostructure model;
inanormalrolling model;
onlinetestsinoperation ..
Thetestswillbecarriedoutontwogradesofsteel(C-MnsteelsandNb
orVmicro-alloy steels).Themodelwillprovidequantitative dataonthe
connection betweenmicrostructure parameters androllingparameters (time,
temperature ,degreeofreduction etc.).
Thelaboratory rollingtestsandhottestsinthelaboratory willbecarried
outattheCSM;theoperational testsatItalsider inTaranto.
./.

-13-
Applicant :CSM-Roma
Amount :517.500 Ecu
Duration ;3years A
c)Rollingmills-various
Theaimofprojects P925,P940andP1007istoreducerollwearandhenc
increase servicelife.
Variousproduction andoperating parameters havingadirectinfluence on
rollwearwillbeinvestigated andquantified .Inaddition,anattempt .
willbemadetoresurface rollsbymeansoftheplasmaclad-welding process
andtoenablethemtoberecycled . r
Apartfromon-lineinspection ,theon-line improvement ofpossible surface
defectsisoneoftheprincioal requirements forahotconnection between
continuous castingplantandrollingmill.Trialsonthe.latterwillbe
carriedoutunderProject P938.
P925:Theinfluence ofmanufacturing variables onthewearcharacteris­
ticsofhardened steelrolls .
Investigations willbecarriedouttodetermine theinfluence ofvariables
duringthemanufacture ofhardenedrolls:
(a)onthesurfacefinishimparted bygrinding andgritblasting and
(b)therateatwhichthefinishislostorchangedduringuse.
Thefactorstobeevaluated are:hardness,alloy ,content,microsegre-
gation,retainedaustenite,carbidescrystalorientation ,hardening
methodandheattreatment . ■'
Thestudywillbe-carriedoutontestproducts from20kgcasts.
Applicant :Brij^nFirthResearchLaboratories -Sheffield
Amount :356.000 Ecu .
Duration :3years
P940:Theuseofhi-chrome rollsincoldtandemandtempermills
Theresearch programmes forProjects P925andP940havebeencoordinated
withoneanother. ^
Theaimoftheresearch istoobtainthemaximumbenefit fromandto
quantify theadvantages ofhi-chrome rollsfortheproduction ofcold
rollednarrowstrip. <
(a)Intheprocessing oftherollsparticular attention willbedevoted
tothestudyoftheparameters governing finalrollsurfacetexture
Theseparameters are:
-forthegrinding oftherolls:rotation speed,speedoftraverse
andtypeofgrinding wheeletc.
-forshotblasting :shotsiz&hardness,rollrotation,etc.
./►

-14-
(b) Intheoperation oftherolls ,roll speed ,reduction ,ingoing and
out-going strip textures will belogged .Relationships will be
sought between roll roughness onthe one hand andstrip texture and
roll durability onthe other hand .
Conventional and hi-chrome rolls will becompared .Theoperational tests
will becarried out inthe last stand on afive-stand tandem mill and ina
temper mi11.
Applicant :BSC (Welsh Laboratories )-London
Amount :202.000 Ecu -
Duration :2years
P1007 ;Cladding ofrolling mill rolls byplasma arc welding
Ni-Cr-B-Sialloys will bedeposited onrolls with the aidofaplasma arc
welding machine .The choice ofthe welding process will make itpossible to
deposit the' Layers with sufficient evenness toobviate the need for any
subsequent treatment .
Rolls forthe following plant will betreated inthis way :
intermediate stands for heavy beams
finishing stands for narrow strip .
The welding parameters ,dilution ofweld fnetal bythe base metal andthe
granulometru ofcarbides will beinvestigated .
Finally ,wear measurements will becarried out onthe clad rolls .
Applicant :Arbed -Luxembourg '
Amount :435.000 Ecu ,v'
Duration :3years
P938 :Metallurgical study ofin-line hot scarfing
Amethod ofsurface improvement ofrolled products billets in-line
operation will bedeveloped .
The research will cover the effects of :
carbon content ;
the -various alloying constituents ;
lowmelding constituents (particularly infree-cutting steels ).
The method will take into account the liquidus andsolidus lines pfthe
steel concerned together with theviscosity and the reaction products
formed .
Thetests will becarried out onapilot plant .Inview oftherate of
traverse ofthe stock (approximately 100 mm/sec)automatic recording of
the operation will benecessary .
./.

Theinvestigation willbebasedonbilletsof100x100 mmsection.
Applicant :BSC(Sheffield Laboratories )-London >
Amount :302.500 Ecu '
Duration :3years *♦
II-4.MEASUREMENTS ANDANALYSES
Theoverriding aimsofthegreatmajority oftheprojects submitted are
toimprovequality andtoincreaseprofitability .Oneofthemostimportant
aspectsinanintegrated -production complexistoreducecosts,whileat
thesametimeimproving thequalityoftheproduct,eitherbyawide
varietyofanalyses orbymeansofnon-destructive tests.Thisentails
systematized controlateachstageofthesteelproduction processor,
"alternatively ,automation .Furthermore ,theconstantactivity inthis
sectoristheresultofthedevelopment ofeverstricter standards and
specifications .,However,iti§nownoticeable thatadvances intheprocesses
for.thecontinuouscastingofsteel,forexample,areaccompanied bychanges
inthecriteria governing theinternalconstitution ofironandsteel
products,andthisservicestoillustrate thedesirability ofanumberof
theresearchprojects concentrating ontheseaspects.
Anotheraspecttobeconsidered concerns theneedfophigh-speed analyses
(quantitative determination ofagreater numberofelements )inanextremely
diversified rangeofmaterials,asaresultoftheeverincreasing demand
forhigh-quality andhigh-purity steelsand,aboveall,fortherecycling
ofrawmaterials .Workofthiskindisplanne^underanumberofprojects,■
inordertomeetthedemand. - ..
Inthefinalanalysis,itshouldbeborneinmindthatnon-destructive
testingisanimportant andboomingareaofactivity theeconomic impactof
whichcannotbeneglected .Forexample,inthefiledofradiography (X,V)
digital methodsunderinvestigation willensurethatagreater numberof
higher-quality testscanbecarriedoutmoreeconomically andmorequickly.
P906:Analysis oftraceelements inironandsteelmaterials bydirect
flameless atomicabsorption onsolidsamples
Theaimofthisresearches tostudythefeasibility ofatomicabsorption
spectrometry withaheat-atomization source (graphite furnace )forthe
directdetermination ofsolidsamples.Theelements considered willbe
atomizable andpresentinsteels,alloys,ferro-alloys and,asageneral
rule,allmaterials relevanttotheironandsteelindustry .
Thisworkisasequeltoearlierresearch,whereabasicframework was
established underContracts 7210-GA/315andGA/407.Thesecoordinated ,
activities willbeconducted jointed bythreelaboratories : ,
Arbed,Luxembourg ;
CSM,Rome; ' ~"
Creusot-Loire ,Unieux.-London
**'1

-16-
Creusot-Loire -Unieux
CSM-Roma
Arbed-Luxembourg v
Amount :297.000 Ecu
Duration :2years
P907:Quantitative assessment ofX-raycontrol methodsinsteelmetallurgy
bythedigitalprocessing ofradiographs
Industrial radiography isatechnique whichistakingonanincreasing
importance insteelandproductqualitycontrol.
Theproposed research willbecarriedoutinfourlaboratories withaview
todetermining theuseofmethodsofdigitalprocessing andshapeidentifi­
cationbyX-andIP-rays,inordertoremovethesubjective elementassociated
withvisualtesting (essential conditions forthedevelopment ofthecomplete
•automation stageinthiscontrolprocess).
Thefieldofapplication coversthreedistinct aspects :
1)radiography (X-rays);
2)yCo^Oand1^92Y-radiography ;
3)"autoradiography .
Thicktest-pieces willbeused:forgingingotscontaining defects (arti­
ficialandnatural )orsections ofslabsorbloomslabelled witharadio­
isotope (antiradiography ).Thedigital methodsdeveloped inthiswaywill
ensurethatagreater numberofhighei–qualitytestscanbecarriedout
moreeconomically andmorequickly .
Applicants :Insa-Lyon
'Creusot-Loire -LeCreusot
Framatome -Châlon s/Sâone
Irsid-St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount .:•565.500Ecu
Durâtion 3years
P920:Studyofthesolidification structure ofslabsusingultrasonic
methods ,
Inthecaseofcontinuous castingplants,theneedforimmediate process
control bytestingthestructure ofthesemis(ingots,slabs,billets )calls
foranappropriate formoftest.Theelaboration ofsuchatestisthe
objectoftheproposed research .Research anddevelopment aimedatevolving
amethodandtheaccompanying equipment willdemonstrate thepotential for
studyingsolidification structures byultrasonic techniques andcomprehensive
computei–processing .Thisresearch willcovertwostages :.
1)Laboratory studiestoverifytheusefulness ofthisnewmethodonthe
^,basisofconventional macrographic comparisons .Testsfor"on-line"
use.
'Programme forthecomputer-processing ofthedatarecorded .ADplicants :
Amount :
Duration :
2In-situstudyof150sections ofmiscellaneous castslabs(50x250x
2000mm).

ν*
-17-
.. ! i
Comparison ofthe.resultsobtained bythefollowing threemethods :
-macroqraphy ;
-sulDhurprints; . N -
-ultrasonic macrography .
•. r>•. , 1 '''
Applicant :Italsider -Taranto
Amount :326.500 Ecu 1
Duration :3years
« .
P945:Furtherdevelopments incontinuous on-line measurement ofgauge
profileofhotstrip
UnderECSCContract 7210-GA/806theBSClaboratories carriedoutworkaimed
attheon-linemeasurement ofprofileofhotstrip,withaviewtodeveloping
atheoretical-specification .Theproposed objective ofthisresearchisto
ensurethelogicalcontinuity ofthisworkonanindustrial site(Port
TalbotWorks),soastodemonstrate thepotential ofon-line measurement of'
profileofhotstripandtohighlight theadvantages anddisadvantages of'
on-line measurement .
Applicant :BSC(PortTalbot)-London ■ • '
Amount :178.500 Ecu 1'
Duration :1year 77
P946:Theanalysis ofslurries andpowders byinductively coupledplasma
spectrometry , .
Acoordinated projectinvolving fourbeneficiaries wasexecuted underthe
ECSCContracts' (7210-GA/114,GA/208;GA/313;GA/805)withaviewtostudying
inductively coupledplasmaspectrometry fortheironandsteelindustry .The
aimofthisprojectistoensurethecontinuity ,asitwere,ofthiswork
withparticular reference toresearch onspecific applications ..Theobject
willbethedevelopment oftechniques toinjectpowderdirectlyorinthe'
formofaslurryintoaninductively cpupledplasmaandtodevelopcalibra­
tionandanalytical procedures toconverttheopticalspectraproduced into
analytical results.' .
Applicant :BSC(TeesideLaboratories )-London
Amount :203.000 Ecu 1
Duration :3years
P972Improvement ofanalytical methodsusingplasmatorchspectrometry
;
Animportant research project hasbeenfinanced byNtheECSCwiththeaim
ofdeveloping methodsfortheapplication ofinductively coupledplasma •
spectrometry totheironandsteel -industry .Theadditional coordinated
workhasbeencarriedoutbyfourbeneficiaries (Hoesch,BSC,IrsidandCRM).
Onthebasisoftheresultsobtained,itisplannedunder -thisprojectto
studyasingle"synthetic "standard solution containing themaximumlevels
ofalltheelements,soastoensuretherapidcalibration oftheICP
spectrometers andtosecureallthepotential advantages whichthismethod ■
offers.
./.
f

The study will deal with theproduction andpreparation ofa"synthetic
solution "forthequantitative analysis ofcertain elements andwith the
definition ofthe exact composition ofthecalibration solutions tobe
used intheanalysis ofsteels ,cast iron,ores,sinters ,slag dusts and
ferro-alloys . >
Onthe basis oftheresults ,acompensating mathematical model could bedrawn
up.
/
Applixant :CRM-Liège
Amount :166.500 Ecu
Duration :2years -
c
P973 :Development of aprototype gauge for hot detection ofinternal
defects inconcast steels
The continuous casting ofsteels requires frequent specific checks .The
main .concern ofthe steel producers isthe state ofthe surface andthe
distribution ofdefects within the mass ofthe material *The obstacle tobe
overcome isthe temperature slightly inexcess ofthe Curie point .Irfthe
course ofearlier research (ECSC Contract 7210-GA /2/207)the CRM studied and
developed aprinciple ofobservation based onthe so-called ENA (electro­
magnetic acoustic )technique ,which isless sensitive totheeffects ofthe
temperature emitted .The aimofthis proposed project istoapply previously
acquired knowhow tothe task ofproducing ,designing andbringing into
service aprototype industrial gauge forthe contact less detection of
defects incontinuous castings .This covers both slabs and blooms ofvarious
steel grades when these products arestill inthe casting machine .The work
wi11conclude with the setting-up ofanindustrial system which will be
placed atthe disposal oftheplants .
Applicant :CRM-Liège
Amount * :337.500 Ecu ^
Duration :3years
P988 :Ultrasonic defect differentiation using the PPE method
With current ultrasonic monitoring techniques ,theextent ofthedefects is
evaluated exclusively onthe basis ofthe amplitude ofthereflected echo .
The aimofthis project istoapply anew method developed bythe BFI,
Dusseldorf and commonly referred toasthe PPE (Pulsart Phasenlage-Echo -
dynamik )process .
The study will deal jnainly with theultrasonic examination ofsteels aimed
atdetecting allharmful defects such ascracks ,blow-holes ,inclusions and
other discontinuities .Similarly -andthis isthe major objective -an
attempt will bemade todifferentiate defects byassessing the phase
relationship ,and more particularly thepolarity ofthepulses received by
the various reflectors .Allofthe work will becarried out onsamples
incorporating artificial andnatural defects .Thevalidity oftheresults
will becompared byprior X-ray examinations and ametallographic destructive
test will then becarried out .
:BFI -Dusseldorf
:479.500 Ecu
:3years
./. rAppl icant
•.Amount
Durât ion

-19-
P1008:Controlofbeamrollingtolerances ^
Appropriate techniques mustbeevolvedforthecontrolofrolled-beam
tolerances ,andinparticular forthemeasurement ofthewebandflanges.
Undertheproposed researchitisplannedtostudyanddevelop abasic
processforthepplication ofatf-raysource.Asystemofmeasurement and
controlwillbesetupwhichwillbecapableof-indicating towithin _+0.5%
thethicknesses ofthebeamsduringrolling.
Afterfinalization inthelaboratory ,seriesoftestswillbecarriedout.
insituonanARBEObeammill.Irrespective ofthevalidity ofthemethod,
thesetestswillalsomakeitpossible totestthereliability ofthe
equipment,including theelectronic components ,undermechanical andthermal
rollingstressconditions . - !
Applicant :Arbed-Luxembourg .
Amount :472.000 Ecu ".
Duration :3years .
P1009Automatic controlofsteellevelinthecontinuous casting mould
Theautomatic controlofthesteellevelinthecontinuous casting mouldis
dictated bothbythesurfacequalityrequirements ofthesemisandbythe
needtoreducecastingincidents resulting frommanualoperation .Underthe
researchproject,Arbedisplanning tocarryoutacomparative studyontwo
typesofsensor :
sensoremploying capacity-measurement techniques ;
sensoremploying induction-measurement techniques .
Optimization willbecarriedoutinthelaboratory wherethecontrol
systemwillbeadaptedforuseinconjunction withmicroprocessors ,in
prdertocontrolthecastingstreamortherateofwithdrawal ofthe^
strand. '
Afterachoicehasbeendecidedon,aprototype appliance willbeproduced
ofamoreorlessuniversal typesuitable forfittingtoanykindofconti­
nuouscastingmachine mould.
Applicant :Arbed-Luxembourg
Amount :202.500 Ecu
Duration :2years i
'P1033:Surfacedefectdetection onhotsemisusingEddycurrents
Inthecourseofearlierprojects Irsidhasdeveloped amethodforthehot
andcolddetection ofsurfacedefectsinsteelsusingtheEddy-current
technique .
Underthisprojectitisplannedtotranspose thetwoindustrial techniques
forthedetection ofsurfacedefects . .
a)Transposition ofthemultifrequency surrounding-coil technique for
thehottestingofwirerodtothehottestingofbilletswith
lateral dimensions ofbetween 80and120mm.
./.

-20-
b) Transposition ofthe so-called "multiprobe "technique forthe cold
testing ,bymeans ofEddy currents ,ofrails andbillets tothe
hottesting ofcontinuous castings .
Once the problems have been solved both interms ofphysical principles and
atthetechnological level ,aprototype appliance will bedeveloped .
Tests will becarried out atanindustrial site on :
abiIIetmiII; - r
concast slabs ;
-■ -.concast semis .. ,,
Applicant :Irsid-St.Germain -en-Laye
Amount :551.000 Ecu . ■
Duration :3years
P1035 :Automation ofnon-metallic specimen preparation for atomic 1
absorption and plasma torch analysis
Aprevious research project carried out byIrsid aspart ofanECSC
programme (Contract No6210-GA /3/307)ledtothe development ofadevice
marketed under the designation PERL'X .
''J
The research with which weare concerned here isbased onthe results of
that york andwill bedevoted tothedesign andconstruction ofadevice to
dissolve non-metallic specimens .The method andtheprinciples tobeapplied
wilt bederived from PERL'X :high-frequency heating ,stirring during the
entire melting operation andcasting .Subsequent automation ofthe system
will facilitate rapid analysis and immediate production control feedback .
Applicant :Irsid -St. .Germain -en-Laye
Amount :121.500 Ecu - - .
Duration :3years
P1058 :.Identification of.inclusions and surface states incold rolled
products byphoto-acoustic spectrometry
Present real-time inspection ofthe surface quality ofcold rolled products
(thickness ,composition ,phases ,inclusions ,deposits andother defects )is
inadequate .The aimofthis study istofill the gap bymaking useofthe
principles ofphoto-acoustic spectrometry (PAS).Thetask will betodefine
the scope andquality ofinformation supplied bythe PAStechnique atthe
level ofsurface layers .Theinitial work will be done inthe laboratory .
The experimental results will beevaluated with aview tothepossible
development ofdevices andanalytical methods forindustrial inspection
procedures .Industrial-scale tests will becarried atseveral Italian works
with which the CSM'in Rome has regular contacts .
Applicant :CSM-Roma
Amount :208.000 Ecu
Duration :21/2years
' ' - .'\
./. '

II-5.PROPERTIES ANDSERVICE PERFORMANCE
Intheclimateofthepresenteconomicdifficulties ,research covering the
fieldof"Properties andservicebehaviour ofsteels"asfarastheproducts
areconcerned -isbeingdirected -towardsthreemainobjectives :
b '
-safety
-servicelife -,
-reduction ofoverall cost
bothfromthepointofviewofcomponent fabrication andfromthatof
component assembly andmaintenance ofstructures duringservice.'
.' ' ^ ' -Theseconcerns arereflected inthevariousprojectstobeundertaken under
thisprogramme,detailsofwhichwillbefoundundertheappropriate headings .
Theprogramme coversresearch on: "'.
weldquality andreduction inthecostofweldproduction bythe
development ofautomation ,withdueregardtominimizing thecost
ofinspection andacceptance procedures ;
r»basemetalquality.Themainconcernhereistooptimizepurity
forspecialapplications ,butwithattention devotedtoeconomizing
onstrategic alloying elements ;
thesurfacecondition ofthinsheet,whichhasastronginfluence
onforming andcoatingoperations ;theseareofconcerntothe
usersandtheireconomic aspectisnottobeoverlooked ;
thedevelopment ofnewproducts tomeettherequirements'of special
applications ,suchaspipelines ,marinestructures ,technologies for
newandreplacement energies ;
thepopularization ofknowledge inthefieldofcontinuously cast
plateandinthatofstructural steelwork,thelatterinvolving
thesupplyofstraightforward mathematical modelstosmallunder­
takings; %
therealneedsofusers;astephasbeentakentowardsresearching
thisfield,forexampleintheautomotive sector.
Itisinteresting tonotethattheworkproposed willresultinconcrete
developments whichmayfindapplications inthenearfutureamongconstruc­
tors.Thistestifies tothedynamism oftheresearch workersincontributing
inanincreasingly directmannertothetaskofbringing aboutarecovery
intheCommunity steelindustry .
a)Weldability
P991:Influence ofaluminium andnitrogen onrelaxation brittleness ofweld-
simulated refractory fine-grained structural steelsduringstress
relieving •
S . '
Theprogramme oftestsenvisaged isintended tofurtherourknowledge ofthe

-22-
metallographic causesofcracking,takingaccountoftheinteraction of
aluminium andnitrogen .Thesetestswill.serveasabasisforthedevelopment
ofselective measuresdesignedtoensurethereliable andeconomicproduction
'andheattreatment ofthesesteelswhich,giventhepresentstateoftheart,
arestillregarded assusceptible tocracking .Furthermore ,thesafetyof
weldedstructures willbeenhanced asaresult.Inthiswayitwouldbe
possible toreducethecostoftheacceptance testsandofrepairstothe
crackedzonesoftheheataffected zoneofweldsontheselow-alloy
structural steels.
Apolicant :Technische Universität Braunschweig -Braunschweig
Amount :179.000 Ecu
Duration :3years
P995:Newtechniques forjoiningsteel
Withaviewtodrawing uppractical rulesforthelow-temperature diffusion
bondingofferriticsteels(therebyavoiding theincidence ofmetallurgical
defectsduringthejoiningprocess andtheneedforheattreatment after
joining,itisplannedtocarryoutthefollowing testsonthebasisofthe
resultsobtained duringthefirststageoftheresearch :
examination ofthepossibilities ofcarrying outfrictionjoining
attemperatures below600°C;
♦
preparation oftheinterface ;
-development ofsurfaceanalytical techniques overahighertempe­
raturerange(600-700°C ).
Applicant :WeldingInstitute -Cambridge
Amount :103.500 Ecu , ±
Duration :1year
P998:Weldsinhigh-strength structural steelsofthetypeStE460
Thisresearch isdividedintotwomainparts:
0
comparative examinations ontheinfluence oftheweldingconfiguration
ontheeffectsofheatretreatment asregardsthemultipass welding
ofsteelscontaining thecrystallization agents V,TiorAl;
comparative examinations onthechoiceofproducts forweldingthese
steels;
Ajointstudyofthesetwoproblems canprovide asecurebasisforageneral
assessment oftheductileproperties ofweldsinStE460steelandfacilitate
anappropriate choiceoffillerforeach'basemetalandanappropriate choice
ofweldingpowdersintheeventofsubmerged arcwelding.Asaresult,,it
willbepossibletoensuregreatersafetyintheuseofthissteelandhence
promotethefutureapplications thereof.
Applicant :Bundesanstalt fürMaterialprüfung -Berlin
Amount :277.500 Ecu i
Duration :21/2years

P1038:Metallurgical studyofmoltenmetalinautomatic weldingunder
solidflux
Earlier workhasdemonstrated thefundamental roleofweldingfluxonthe
properties ofmoltenmetalinthetwo-pasS weldingof20mm-thick CMnNb
steelplate.Theaimnowisto:
interpret theeffectsoftheoxygen,boronandtitanium already
observed ;
evaluate precisely theroleofcertainelements attributable to
theplateandthewire,takingintoaccountthebasiseffectsof
theflux;
monitorthepatternoftheseresultswithregardtostressrelief
treatment ;
examinetheroleoftheweldingfluxandwirewithregardtothe
significantLydifferent circumstances associated withmultipass
weldingundersolidflux.
Applicant :Irsid-St.Germain-en-Laye ■
Amount 368.500 Ecu
Duration :3years
b)Corrosionandsurfaceprotectjon
P969;Suitability forpickling ofhot-rolled strip
Ithasalreadybeenshowninthecourseofearlier workthatthesurface
ofpickledstripdoesnotconsistexclusively ofasimplelayerof
hydrated oxideofiron.Accordingly ,thepresence ofsignificant enrich­
mentsinvolving residual elements suchascopper,nickel,arsenic,anti­
monyandtinhavebeendetected onthesurfaceofpickledstrip.Theaim
ofthepresentstudyistwofold :
tocarryoutaquantitative examination oftheformation ofthese
residual elementenrichments ,whileatthesametimedifferen­
tiatingbetweenhydrochloric andsulphuric pickling processes .In
particular ,theroleoftheinhibitors willbestudied.
/
-.todetermine theimportance ofthisphenomenon asregards
subsequent stagesinthetransformation oftheproduct .
Applicant :CRM-Liège :
Amount :366.500 Ecu
Duration :3years
P996:Influence ofalloying andaccompanying elements onsteelcorrosion
andhydrogen absorption
Theeffectsofvariousadditions ofalloying elements suchasCu,Ni,Cr,
Si,MnandSnonhydrogen absorption byanon-alloy steelinthepresence
ofacidelectrolytes mustbecheckedinrelation tothepHandalsoin

-24-
relationtotheH2Scontentaddedtotheelectrolyte .Stepsmustbetaken
todetermine whatkindsofmetallurgical ,hot-rolling andchemical
pickling operations andwhatkindsofheattreatment orattackbya
corrosive agentcauseormakepossible onsurfaces theenrichment ofthe
alloying elements underinvestigation .Surfaceenrichments mustbe
determined byAugerelectron spectroscopy .Forexperimental purposessteel
test-pieces willhavetobesurface-enriched withelements whichmayhave
apronounced effectontheabsorption ofhydrogen bythesteel.Astudy
willbemadeofthemechanism wherebycopper,amongotherthings,affects
thehydrogen absorption phenomena .
Aoolicant :MPI-Dusseldorf
Amounit •:309.500 Ecu
Duration :3years ■- ■
P1070:Cprrosion testingofautomotive steelproducts
Theaimofthisworkistodevelop newtestsfromactualmeasurements of
thecorrosive conditions invehicles inoperation .Thestudywilltakenin
thefollowing points : _!
analysis ofmicroclimates atdifferent pointsonvehicles in
/,operation ;1,*
-' -simulation testsinthelaboratory involving thereproduction of
"thesemicroclimates andstudyoftheireffects onproducts
displaying varioussurfaceconditions ;
optimalization ofthesimulation teststodefinenewtestmethods
and.recommended codesofpractices ;',
- moregenerally,research onthedevelopment ofcorrosion mecha­
nismsinautomotive vehicles .
Applicant TEstel-Hoogovens –Ijmuiden
Amount :447.500 Ecu s' -
Duration :3years ;' -'
c)Formablesteels .
P11041:Transfer ofroughness duringskinpassing
Theaimofthisstudyistodefine,boththeoretically andiempirically ,
the-transfer ofroughness fromtherolltothesheet,takingaccountof
thevariousrollingparameters ,e.g.,speed,thickness,reduction,radius
androughness ,oftherolls. ,.
The-surfacemiccogeometry ofthesteelsheetisoneofthemainparameters
governing itsuse.Itsroughness .,whichshouldbeinkeepingwithits
subsequent use,isusuallyconferred onitduringskinpassing.The
following aspectswillbestudied :
-roughness ofthe.surfacebeforeandafterskinpassing;

-25-
i
I
simulated rolling bymeansofthedouble-stamping test;
effectsoftheparameters associated withthesheet,diesand
rollingconditions ;
testsonpilotandindustrial rollingmills.
Applicant :Irsid,-St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount .:417.000 Ecu .
Duration :3years
P1049:Testsontheformation anddecomposition ofironcarbides in
.theannealing ofcold-rolled products ,
Thetheorythattheformation ofgraphite deposits (preventing subsequent
surfacetreatment )duringtheannealing ofsheetisattributable tothe
formation anddecomposit jonofironcarbidesdoes.notappeartobevalid.Apparently ,account mustbetakennotonlyofthecementite butalsoofthe
ironcarbides whichformanddecompose between 200and500°C.Theaimof
thisresearch is1toexaminethephenomena whichmaycausegraphite deposition
andtomakeaspecialstudyofthepossible formation ofmetastable carbides
duringtherolling andannealing processes ,withspecific reference tothe
conditions conducive thereto . 1
Applicant :CSM-Roma
Amount •:196.500 Ecu
Duration :2years
-j :d)ConstruetionalsteeIs -•
P990:Influence ofsegregations duringcontinuous casting onmaterial
properties
Fortechnological andeconomic reasons,theproduction ofsteelbythe 1
continuous-casting processisconstantly ontheincrease .Inorderto
widenourknowledge oftheproperties ofthistypeofsteel,toconvince
usersoftheadvantages oftheproductthusobtained andhenceextend
itsrangeofapplication ,stepsshouldbetakentoremov%certain ■
reservations whichstillpersist.Itisessential thatobjective data
becompiled,inordertodemonstrate totheproducers andusersthelimits
oftheinfluence ofsegregations .Thisistheaimoftheresearch .The
workenvisaged shouldcovernotonlyalloyandnon-alloy steelsalready
obtained bycontinuous castingbutalsostainless steels.Apartfrom
analysing thecurrentstatusofknowledge oftheinfluence ofsegregations ,
thisresearch willbeseekingtoexaminethefollowing aspects :chemical
analysis,structure,hardenability,mechanical andtechnological
performance ,welding,formability ,machinabilityandcorrosion .
Applicant :VDEh-Dusseldorf '
Amount :1.270.000 Ecu
Duration :3years
P1000:Extending theuseofhigh-grade steelsforcyclically-stressed
structural components bytheprovision ofreliable data
Littleisknownofthecyclical-stress resistance ofthehigh-grade steels

-26-
currently available whichoffermajoreconomic advantages asfarasthe
steelindustryisconcerned .Thesesteelsarebeingusedonanincreasing
scaleinthelightconstruction sectorfortheproduction ofcyclically-
stressed components .Consequently ,thereisaneedforreliable parameters
which,inviewoftheimmensenumberofsizesinvolved,cannotbeassessed
purelyontheroughbasisoftheoretical equations .Theseparameters are
tobedetermined forseveralhigh-grade steelsselected fromstructural
steels,fine-grained steelsandheat-treatment steels.Thefollowing
aspectswillbeexamined :systematic processing ofthetolerances indica­
tedintheliterature onthesubject,Wohlertestsusingaspring-loaded
bearing,standardized dynamic-resistance tests,elastoplasti cperformance
ofthematerial andfracture mechanics .
Applicant ;Fraunhofei–Institut fürBetriebsfestigkeit -Damrstadt
Amount :213.000 Ecu
Duration :3years '
e)Fracture mechamsms
P919:Evaluation ofcrackpropagation resistance inhardened and
tempered steeltubesbyfull-scale andlaboratory tests
*
Foreconomic aswellastechnical reasonsthereisaneverincreasing
demandforwide-diameter tubesforthepipingofnaturalgas.Thiscalls
forthemarketing ofhigh-quality steeltubeswhichwillenablethegas
tobepipedatahigherpressure,whichcontributes toanoverall
reduction incosts.Crackpropagation testsonactual-size tubes(48and
56inches)haverevealed gapsinourknowledge ofcrackpropagation
resistance inhardened andtempered steels.Accordingly ,theaimofthis
research programme istodevelopfull-scale testsandtoselectthemost
representative laboratory testsuitable forevaluating crackpropagation
■resistance .
Applicants :CSM-Roma
Italsider -Genova '
Amount :1.667.000 Ecu
Duration :21/2years
NB:InviewofthefactthatthePerdasdefogu testcentrehasbeenplaced
atthedisposal oftheCSM,thelatterrequeststhatworkcommence on
February 1st,.1981. ^
P964:Fracture performance ofweldedstructures .Interpretation ofper­
missible defects onthebasisofwideplateandimpacttests
Themainaimsofthisresearch aretwofold :
toseektoestablish arelationship betweentheoverallperformance
ofweldedandunwelded steelsandtheirlevelofimpactstrength,
takingaccountofthethickness oftheproduct,itsgradeandthe
permitted heatinput.Accordingly ,anattemptwillbemadeto
definenewdesigncurvesbasedontheCharpy Vimpactstrength and
laiddownforagiventypeofstressinaccordance withthepermis-
sible-defect concept. ;

*
-27-
todetermine suitable conditions foralleviating oroptimizing the
weldingofjointsbyguarding againstanyreduction intoughness or,
rather,byattempting toachievegreatertoughness .
Thestudywillcoverstructural steelshavingalimitofelasticity of
between 355and550MPa.Thicknesses willbeintherange10-50mm.
Applicant :CRM-/Liège
Amount :515.500 Ecu
Duration :2years ;'
P965:Influence ofmetallurgical factors onthetoughness oftubesteels
Tubesteelmustbeweldable andresistant tobrittle andductilefracture,
musthaveadvanced mechanical properties andmusthavegoodcorrosion '=
resistance. ' ., ' ..
However,metallurgical responses totheserequirements areoftenmutually
contradictory .Theaimoftheproposed researchistoexaminetheinfluence
ofmetallurgical factors ontheresultsofthetoughness testswhich,more
oftenthannot,arethesubjectofrequirements laiddowninthe
specifications andtodefinehowfarthevariousrequirements canberecon­
ciled.Oneoftheeffects ofthisworkwillbetorationalize thetaskof
thesteelmetallurgist bydefining theoptimum workingconditions necessary
tofulfill ,therequirements laiddown.
Applicant .:CRMLiège
Amount 286.500 Ecu
Duration :.2years ^
P967:Alpha-phase segregation incarbonsteels ?
Inthecourseofhigh-temperature heattreatment certainelements suchas
phosphorus ,manganese andmolybdenum haveatendency tosegregate atthe
interface ofaustenitic andferriticgrains.Asageneralrule,this
segregation isofanembrittling nature,resulting inreducedmaterial
ductility .Theaimsofthisresearch aretwofold :
-todefinetheeffectsonthemainmechanical properties (strength,
ductility )ofsegregation attheinterfaces ofthegrains;
.toexamine,ontheassumption thatapredetermined segregating-'
•elementcontentisinevitable byvirtueofthetechnical constraints
whethersuchsegregation canbereducedasaresultofmodifica­
tions. ,%
Thisstudywillconfineitselftophosphorus .Amathematical modelwillhave
tobedrawnuppermitting theoptimization ofthechemical analysis of
steelandthethermomechanical treatment tobeappliedtothesteel,soas•
toarriveatabetterstrengthductility compromise inthecasebothoft.
thinproducts (sheets)orofthickerproducts (12-30mmmediumplates).
Applicant :CRM-liège
Amount :277.000 Ecu - -
Duration :2years

-28-
P1044:Evaluation ofthecollapseriskofaweldedassembly containinq a
defect
Themainaimofthisresearch istocomparethepermitted dimensions
calculated by-variousmethodsagainstthecritical dimensions measured ona
wideweldedassembly (wideplatetest),wheretheassembly contains areal
orsimulated defectandissubjected toadecreasing temperature under'
prescribed loadconditions .Inordertoensurethatthisobjective
comparison isreallyworthwile,astudywillbecarriedoutonastructural
steelweldedbytwoindustrial processes (automatic weldingunderflux,
vertical single-pass weldingunderslag)bothintherawstateandafter
stressreliefheattreatment .Inthiswayitshouldbepossible toassess
how-fareachmethodofanalysis takesaccountofresidual weldingstresses .
Applicant :Irsid-St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount ;501.000 Ecu •
Duration :3years
f)High-temperatu re.steels
P916:Influence ofsilicon onthecreepperformance ofturbinesteels
Onthebasisofknowhowacquired duringearlierprojects onthemechanisms
responsible forfatigueinnickel-chromium-molybdenum -vanadium steel
gradesforturbine andalternator rotors,itisnowpossible todefine
fairlyaccurately thedegreeofpredictible dissipation ofimpactstrength
fromparameters relating tochemical composition ,micrographic structure,
cleanness andresidual-element content,operating temperatures and.length
ofuse.Significant variations increepproperties havebeendetected and
correlated withthemicrostructural andchemical parameters relatingto
rotors.Accordingly ,theobjectofthisresearch istocarryoutadetailed
studyoftheeffectsofsilicon onthecreepproperties ofCr-Mo-(Ni)-V
steels,whichhavenominaloperating temperatures moretypicalofthe
creepzonethantheNi-Cr-Mo-Vgrades.
Applicant :Creusot-Loire -LeCreusot
Amount :158.500 Ecu
Duration :3years •
P.951:Steelandfabrication requirements incoalutilization technologies
Theaimofthisprojectistocarryoutadetailed surveyoftherequirements
forsteelsandmetallic materials incurrent andimmediately foreseeable
processroutesforthecombustion conversion ofcoalproducts .Thefollowing
mainaspectswillbj|considered :
materials usedintheseplantsor,ifnomaterialisridentified ,
thematerials' requirements fortheapplications ;
-designcjodesorcriteria usedfortheplantsandsteelcomponents ;
-extenttowhichexisting materialproperties dataarecompatible
.withproduction criteria ;

-29-
surveyamongsteelmakers andfabricators todetermine operational
andquality-control potentials .
Applicant :BSC(Sheffield Laboratories )-London
Amount :90.500 Ecu
Duration :1year v .
g)Off-shore technology
Oncethepreceding phaseintheworkhadbeencompletecj ,acoordinated
supplementary programme wasworkedoutbythelaboratories concerned .The
.intention wastoimprovetheknowledge acquired andtoenabletheresearch
teamsalreadysetuptocontinuetheirtestswhiletheanalysis ofallthe,
results wasbeingcompleted inorderthat,if"necessary,asecondphase *
intheworkcouldbegotunderway .
Theworkunderthissupplementary programme canbebrokendownasfollows :
P915:Servicestrength ofweldedoffshore structures inseawaterwith
particular reference tocrackpropagation measurements andpost-
weldtreatment toincrease fatiguestrength v
Itisintended onthebasisofworkofamorebasicnaturealreadycarried
out,toelucidate certainquestions relatingtothestrength ofhigh
yieldstrengthsteelsundercorrosion ,conditions .Testssimulating stresses
duetowaveswellwillbecarriedoutfollowing arandumprocedure .The
following pointswillbedealtwith:
influence ofthepost-weld treatment (TIGdressing);
testsonspecimens weldedbythesubmerged process;
corrosion conditions usingdifferent cathodic protection potentials ;
-influence oftimeofexposure torelatively lowtoadlevels;
crackdetection andmeasurement ofcrackpropagation onwelded
specimens;'
influence oftheprotective coating onfatiguebehaviour under
corrosion conditions .
Applicants :Fraunhofer-Institut fürBetriebsfestigkeit -Darnstadt
Industrieanlagen Betriebsgesellschaft -Ottobrunn
Amount :271.000 Ecu
Duration .:2years
P954:Fatigue,corrosion fatigue andstresscorrosion ofsteelsfor
offshore structures ^
Theobjectives ofthisresearch programme are:'
tostudytheeffectsofgeometrical parameters onthefatigue
behaviour ofcomponents madeofforgedandcaststeelsin
comparison withweldedjoints;
studyofbehaviour inseawatercontaining hydrogen sulphide;
-evaluation oftherateofpropagation ofcracksinthemost
unfavourable cases.Theeffectsofpainting andcathodicprotection
willbeexamined .

-30-
behaviour anduseofsteelswithorwithout .nickel.
Applicant :BSC-London
Amount :251.000 Ecu
Duration :2years
P10~45:Fatigueofweldedassemblies ofhighyieldstrength steelin
offshore structures
Theobjective istosupplement theresultobtained onasteeloftype
E36–Zandtostudytheinfluence ofthegradeofsteelonthefatigue
behaviour ofweldedjoints,sinceconsiderable savings maybeexpectedif
materials withenhancedproperties areused.Thesesavings wouldarisefrom
reductions intheweightofstructures ,greatercaseoffabrication and
assembly (tube:forming,welding )andreducedriskoffailure (plate
thickness ,elimination ofstressrelieftreatments ).
Applicant :Irsid-St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount :334.000 Ecu
Duration :2years
P1061,:Fatigue andcorrosion fatiguebehaviour ofweldedsteeljoints
inoffshore structures
Thesafetyofmarinestructures reliesaboveallonresistance tofatigue
cracking ofweldedjoints.Research needstobedevotedtooptimizing the
dimensions oftheseweldedjoints,i.e.tofindingthebestcompromise
betweenfundamental safetylevelsandtheeconomic designofjoints.For
thisreason,theworkproposed relatedbasically tothestudyoffatigue
behaviour inacorrosive environment underthefollowing conditions :
A.Plate
- influence ofthickness
-influence ofweldgeometry andpost-weld treatment technique
influence ofseawatertemperature
B.Tubularjoints
influence ofpost-weld treatment techniques
influence ofseawater,withandwithoutcathodicprotection ofthe
weldedjoint.
Applicant :Stichting Materiaalonderzoek indeZee-Delft
Amount :403.000 Ecu
Duration :2years
P1076:Effectofthemarineenvironment onthefatiguecorrosion
behaviour ofoffshore steelstructure
Theaimofthisresearchistostudytheinfluence ofthenaturalmarine
environment ,particularly thebiological environment onhydrogenabsorption
bythesteelswithandwithoutcathodicprotection .Research willalsobe
devotedtotheeffectofthehydrogen produced inthepresence ofcathodic
./.

..-31- '
protection onthe propagation offatigue corrosion cracks under avariable
load .The acoustic emission technique will beused inthis case .
Applicant :Korrosioncentralen ATV-Glostrup
Amount :91.000 Ecu '
Duration :2years .•/...•
htstructures
P921 :Structural system ofrigid beam-column joints using bolted brackets .
Typological definition and experimental verification
This project involves the development ofasystem ofrigid bolted joints
avoiding the need for alarge number ofwelds andfacilitating assembly
operations .The aimistooptimize assembly and workshop preparation
conditions forthejoining ofdifferent sections ,for example IPE and HE
beams andcold-rolled joints.' Thetechnical andeconomic aspects ofthis
development will also beinvestigated .
Applicant :Italsider -Genova
Amount , .:326 .500 Ecu
Duration :2years
P923 :Buckling ofthin-walled hollow sections .Case ofeccentrically
loaded rectangular sections , /
Itwill only bepossible tooptimize the useofthin-walled hollow sections
when thefinal solution has been found tothe problem ofcalculating
columns subjected simultaneously tocompression and bending (beamcolumns ).
This isthe aimofthe' research inquestion which should make itpossible :
toverify whether existing formulae andrules forthick-walled
sections remain valid forthe sections covered bythe research ;"
ifnecessary todevise anew method ofcalculating thin walled
beamcolumns ofrectangular cross-section ;.
where possible ,tobring about the incorporation ofthis calcul­
ation method into European regulations ;
toset upprogrammes tailsred tooffice computers .
-to supply the required data tothe ISOStandardization Committee .
Applicant :Comet ube-Paris
Amount :88.000 Ecu
Duration :2years '<
-/
J
P999 :Hollow sections for load-bearing members ofsteel (complement )
Thetechnical andindustrial requirements ofmaterials andstructural
components have increased significantly inrecent years .The useofhollow
sections has grown considerably ,andthe manufacturers ofthese products
have undertaken toprepare andpublish atechnical handbook dealing with

-32-
their calculation andwith thejoining assembly ofthese components toeach
other andtoother sections .Problems ofprotection aqainst corrosion andfire
and sandwich construction are also dealt with .Afirst version ofthis hand­
book has been drafted ,butthe Committee ofexperts assessing the document
found itnecessary torevise itspresentation and aconsiderable amount ofits
content .Itisthus necessary toprepare anew version ofthe document .This
will clearly involve fresh expenditure ,andthis isthe reason forthepresent
request for assistance .The new version will ofcourse take into account the
resulsts ofthe most recent work inthe fields
.Applicant :VDEh -Dusseldorf
Amount :77.750 Ecu •*
Duration :Extension oftheproject foend 1982
i)Alloy andspecial steels
P908 :Development ofoptimised steels for gears
Inorder tomeet competition from .other materials (cast iron,sintered mate­
rials ,plastics "ofvarious types ),itisnecessary toundertake technical and
economic research oncase hardening steels forgears .With this aiminview
thefollowing points will becovered .:
The _steel making process .
Comparison between steels continuously cast and then rolled and
analogus steels obtained byconventional ingot casting .
AIloying elements .
Study ofthe influence ofalloying elements such as,inparticular ,
Niand Mo,inorder toestablish towhat extent itispossible to
economize onthequantities ofthese elements used while conserving
the service properties ofthe steels concerned .
Gear manufact ure.
Study ofmachinabi l.ity and cold-forming .
Applicant :Teksid -Torino %
Amount :.652.000 Ecu
Duration :3years ' '
P957 ;Evaluation ofclean steel practices andresultant property improve­
ments inalloy engineering steels
- '
Forcertain products ,forexample pipe fortransmission lines and heavy plate
forstructural applications ,there ,have been extensive studies aimed atimpro­
ving the steelmaking ,deoxidation anddesulphurization processes andthe
properties ofthese steels .However for heat treated lowalloy steels little
has been done inthese lines .The aim ofthis research istodetermine
thedifferences between conventional steels and those for which special
measures have been taken inproduction »tominimize inclusions .The work will
cover three types ofsteel :
I
medium carbon ,nickel -chromium -molybdenum
nickel -chromium -molybdenum case carburizing steels
chromium spring steels
4
Applicant :BSC (Sheffield Laboratories )-London
Amount :366.500 Ecu , x
Duration :3years

-33-
.11-6 .PLANT AVAILABILITY
» i
Thethree research projects submitted inthis new sector ofthe programme
have,asacommon objective ,the need toachieve cost-savinqs insteel
manufacture through improved reliability andperformance ofplant and
equipment .The work concerns investigations ofthe wear ofrolls ,the
abrasion anderosion ofsteel components inplant and equipment andthe
improved maintenance ofsteel works cranes .
P950 :Abrasion ,erosion and wear resistant steels for improved reliability
and performance ofplant and equipment . .
Thetotal efficiency ofsteelworks operations has never been more important
than atthepresent time when operating costs must bekept toaminimum .A
major factor influencing this efficiency isthe problem ofwear which is
identified frequently as acause ofplant failure .
Theobjective ofthis research will beto undertake aseries oflaboratory
based tests using existing techniques todetermine the operating andmetallur­
gical characteristics which control the development ofwear insteels used
inplant and equipment construction .Based upon this understanding ,
alternative or modified alloys will bedeveloped that arelikely toshow a
cost effective improvement inperformance .
Applicant :BSC-London
Amount :192.500 Ecu
Duration :3years <
P985 :Reduction ofwear on .rolls instrip treatment plant
The economics ofproducing cold rolled andgalvanized sheet are markedly
influenced bythe maintenance costs arising from wear problems .
The aimofthis research istoachieve animprovement inthe performance of
critical mill components inthese production lines .The study will include
wear problems related tosuch aspects asimmersed andstabilising rolls in
galvanizing lines ,rolls inmill roller tables ,work rolls inpickling lines
andguide rolls incold rolling .
\ ' .
Applicant :BFI-Dusseldorf
Amount :496.000 Ecu '
Duration :3years ■ i
P1005 :Reduction ofcrane maintenance costs bydesigning tomeet service
requi rement s
Inspite ofthe progress that has been made through systematic studies designed
toimprove the service performance ofcranes insteelplants ,there remains
scope for improvement tobemade intheir reliability and maintenance .The
aimofthis investigation istherefore : . !
(1) toreduce maintenance costs through thequantitative assessment
ofcrane reliability under normal ,working conditions and,

-34-
(2) the 1translation' ofretiab.iIitycharacteristics into ;acost-based
maintenance strategy .
Applicant ::. Dusseldorf
Amount' :464..500 ,Ecu.
Duration -:.3years .;
II–7.MISCELLANEOUS
P'107T :Useofsteel iITthe :automobile industry
The :aimof-this ,study ;isrto;determine what research projects should ,be
conductedrirr the -neap -future bysteelmakers inorder tosupply automobile
manufacturers ::with -the?steel qualities :they wi11beneeding .Steel is
npw irr;competition -witfr other -materials ,inthis field ,anditisimportant
tomeet new market :requirements ,such asreduction invehicle weight
(energy ^saving ;),,safety >,service ^Iife,environment (noise reduction ),
reduction -irrproduction costs-
AppL icarct :EstelHoogovens :–Ijmuiden
Amount :32.000 .Ecu .
•Duration ":*1year
P-1072' :TëctrmcaL steel' liter-at ure ;
This :•project' isa.-continuation *of'previous contracts giving ASELT financial
assistance 5for-the -translation -into ;the European Community languages of
tests .on'iron and -steel subjects published inthe "difficult "languages
(notably .Japanese :and Russian )..
Appi -icant ":Ase11"-"Luxembourg :
Amount * :124.000 Ecu .
Duration -:1year-

SUMMARY TABLE
Annex
l
Project ; '
No. TITI EOF THE RFSFARCHProposed research Financial aid
^s , ·
sbyduration
Cyears );
Amount ECU \y
(4.12.80 ) iAmount ECU
(4.12.80 )
I -
ORE REDUCTION '
' §i^st_furnace
1023 Investigations inthe dead man and hearth ofthe blast furnace 1RSID 4 969.500 60 581.700
1047.
Effects ofblast furnace burden distribution onradial reduction
behaviour ofiron-forming elements .CSM 2 390.000 60
.
-234.000
1069 Coal injection into theblast furnace
STEELMAKING
-
'–~ a)Çasting_and_soJMdi ficatjonHoogovens 1 200.000
-ν
.60 120.000
928 Pilot plant process development forhorizontal continuous casting
ofthin slabsBSC 3 723.500
•60
•434.100
929 Establishment ofdesign parameters forlarge slab-type ingot moulds BSC 2 229.000 60 137.400
982 Influence ofmetallurgical andprocess engineering measures on
solidification onthe continuous casting ofsteelVDEh 3 2.706.500 -
I '60 1.623.900
1054 New methods ofalloying steel incontinuous casting CSM 2 367.000
:60 220.200
1055 'Corrugated-wall mould forthe continuous casting ofslabs
-CSM 3 :652.000 ï60
! [391.200 -
-
b)Steelwor ks-metallurgy! .... ■
j
975•Physical properties ofslag used inbasic oxygen steelmaking N.P.L. 2 ¡103.500
I60 62.100
978 Development ofthe Klöckner steelmaking process .Construction and
operation ofaprototype 1Klöckner
■2 '
•¡2.467.500 ;60 1.480.500
1021
■
ILow-slag refining' inthe LDconverter " "" lKrupp'
' ■- - ;3
•966.500 60
■
"579.900
'

r
-2-
MPI. i
981
925
936
938
|940
|963
i984TITLEQFTHERESEARCH
1025.;prsrgf^ingi pfhematiteRigirp.r\
p)SteeJ.^orJjs^JechQgJ.ogy ^
?3?[The'ysepfplasma-guns farauxiliaryheatinginanelectric3fG
;furnace
d)Refraçtories
Usepfpa^ciwmoxydeasarefractory material ,forthffiningof
ladies ,fprrefiningoutsidethesteelfurnace
e)Theoretiçaj^_steelmaking
Optimization ofdesulphurizat ion.andinclusion formation inthe
palciumtreatment of'steelmeUs
MECHANICAL WORKING
Theinfluence ofmanufacturing variables onthewearcharacteris­
ticsofhardened steelrolls
Thecauseofendsplitting duringtherollingoffreecutting
steels
Metallurgical studyofin-linehotscarfing
Theusepfhi-chrome rollsincoldtandemandtempermills
Crisis-pacing methodforawidestripmill
Rollingpfhigh-alloy steelsonwiremillsathigherrolling
speeds
.
1007 ■CladdingofrollingmillrollsbyplasmaarcweldingAnnex
Proposed research financial aid
byduratipn
(years)Amount PCU
{4.12.80)1........
y%Amount ECμ
(4,12.80 )'
ïRSID,ï 741,000S.
160
:444.600
esc ? 274.50O60
..164.700
ÇSM 2 473.00060 283.800
VDEh 3 237.500 60142.500
BrownFirth3 356.000 60'
213.600
BSC 2, 267.500 60 160.500
BSC 3 302.500 60 181.500
BSC 2 202,000 60 121.200
CRM 4 922.000 60 553.200
BFI 31/2549.000 60 329.400
Arbed
.3 435.000 60 261.000

-3-
Annex
Project
■TITLE OF THE RESEARCH
- ■ " 'Proposed research.'
Financial aid
No.
bydurât iorj
(years )Amount ECU
<4.12.80 )XAmount ECU
(4.12.80 )
1030 Flatness control onthe hotstrip mill IRSIDI
3 498.500L
60.
^299.100
1032 Width control inthe roughing stand ofthestrip mill IRSID 4 690.500 60 414.300
1056 Sheet mill micro-structural phenomena control system
' ·
MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSESCSM 3 517.500 60 310.500 -
'
906 Analysis oftrace elements iniron andsteel materials bydirect
flameless atomic absorption onsolid samples , ■Creusot-IT
CSM
Arbed _-2.99.000
 99.000
99.000
«60
60
6059.400
59.400 ,
59.400
907 Digital processing ofradiographs . . INSA –
IRSID
Creusot-L
Framatome _■3261.500
70.500
124.500
109.00060
60
60
60156.900
42.300 '
74.700
'65.400
920
-Study ofthesolidification structure ofslabs using ultrasonic v
methods " '> vItalsider 3 326.500
»60 195.900
945 Further developments incontinuous on-line measurement ofgauge
profile ofhotstrip . 'BSC 1 178.500 60 107.100
,
946 Theanalysis ofsLurries and powders byinductively coupled
plasma spectrometryBSC 3 203.000 60 121.800
972 Improvement ofanalytical methods using plasma torch spectrometry CRM 2 166.500 60 99.900
973 Development ofaprototype gauge for hotdetection ofinternal
defects inconcast steelsCRM 3 337.500
I" \ y60 202.500
988 Ultrasonic defect differentiation using the PPE method BFI 3 I479.500 60 '287.700
1008 Control ofbeam rolling tolerances
· i . 'Arbed - 3 !472.000 60 283.200 !
1009 Automatic control ofsteel level inthe continuous casting mould Arbed 2. 202.500 60 121.500
1033_Surface defect detection onhot semis using Eddy currents IRSID
-3 . !551.000
5
ç60 . 330.600
■ ■

.4-
Project'
No.TITLEOFTHERESEARCH
1035 1Automation ofnon-metallic specimenpreparation foratomic ;
absorption andplasmatorchanalysis j
1058Identification ofinclusions andsurfacestatesincold-roUed j
;products byphoto-acoustic spectrometry
' ,/ ' '
PROPERTIES ANDSERVICE PERFORMANCE
I ' . • |
: a)Weldability - i
991 iInfluence ofaluminium andnitrogen onrelaxation brittleness of
!weld-simulated refactory fine-grained structural steelsduring
Istressrelieving
995 Newtechniques forjoiningsteel
998 Weldsinhigh-strength structural steelsofthetyoeStE460
1038 !Metallurgical studyofmoltenmetalinautomatic weldingunder
;solidflux.
b)Corros2on_and_surf ace_Qrotect ion
969 j.Suitability forpickling ofhot-rolled strip
I
996'!Influence ofalloying andaccompanying elements onsteelcorrosion
andhydroqen absorption
1070 jCorrosion testingofautomative steelproducts
!
i -
. i c)Formablesteels ^
1041Transfer ofroughness duringskinpassing
I
1Annex
Proposed research Financial aid
byIduration
(years)Amount ECU
(4.12.80 )l
%Amount ECU
(4.12.80 )
IRS·ID--3- ---12-1.500 -■60-=■',72.900-
CSM 21/2208.000 60 124.800
!
j
T.U.Brauns*
3 179.000 .60
'107.400 ·
W.Inst.,1 103.500 60 62.100
Β.A",f.M ■21/2!.277.50060 166.500
IRSID 3 j^368.500
160 221.100
CRM 3i
ι
;366.50060 219.900
MPI 3 j309.500 60 185.700
Hoogovens/
3
i447.500 '
S.60.268.500
IRSID .-!3
1
Ì
i
1
•t417.000
j60
!
I
i
j250.200
!. y
:-

-5-
Annex
Pro}ect ;
No. iProposed research financial aid
TITLE OFTHE RESEARCH
byduration )Amount ECU i
i(years )i(4.12.80) !%
1049
990
1000
919
964
965
967
1044
916
951 !
.915 -Tests ontheformation anddecomposition ofiron carbides inthe
annealing ofcold-rolled products
/ . . .
d)Const ruetjon al_steels
Influence ofsegregations during continuous casting onmaterial
propert ies
Extending theuseofhigh-grade steels forcyclically-stressed
structural components bytheprovision ofreliable dataCSM
VDEh
LBF
Evaluation ofcrack-propagation resistance inhardened and ■
tempered steel tubes byfully –scale andlaboratory tests
Fracture performance ofwelded structures .Interpretation of ,
permissible defects onthebasis ofwide plate andimpact tests ]
Influence ofmetallurgical factors onthetoughness oftube steels ;
Alpha-phase segregation incarbon steels j
Evaluation ofthecollapse risk ofawelded assembly containing a _
defect |
Influence ofsilicon onthecreep performance ofturbine steels |
Steel andfabrication requirements incoalutilisation technologies !
Off-shore technology
Service strength ofwelded off-shore structures inseawater with
particular reference tocrack propagation measurements andpost-
welded treatment toincrease fatigue strength .CSM
Ita
CRMlsiderZli^1/2
CRM
CRM
IRSID
Creusot-L ,j3
BSC !1"
LBF .
IABG196.500 60
•1.270.000
213.000
1.422.500
244.500
515.500
j286.500
j277.000
!<501.000
158.500
90.500
271.00060
60
60
60
!60
60Amount ECU
(4.12.80 )
117.900
762.000
127.800
60 853.500
60 ι146.700
I60 '309.300
171.900
166.200
300.600
!60 !95.100
60 54.300
162.600

Proj ect
No.
954 Fatitjua .corrosion fatigue aridstress corrosion ofsteels foroff­
shore structures
1045 Fatigue ofwelded assemblies ofhigh yield strength steel inoff­
shore structures
1061 Fatigue andcorrosion-fatigue behaviour ofwelded steel joints in
off-shore structures
1076 Effect ofthe marine environment onthe fatigue corrosion behaviour
!ofoff-shore steel structures
•\
h)Licjht structures
921 Structural system ofrigid beam-column joints using bolted
brackets .Typological definition andexperimental verification
923 ,Buckling ofthin-walled hollow sections .Case ofexentrically
loaded rectangular sections'
999 Hollow sections for .load-bearing members ofsteel (complement )
^)£ii2£_i!n ;d_s2eci.al_steels
908 ;Development ofoptimized steels for gears
,957 Evaluation ofclean steel practices andresultant property improve -
1ments inalloy engineering steels
PLANT AVAILABILITY
950 jAbrasion ,erosion andwear resistant steels forimproved relia-
'bility andperformance ofplant and equipment
985, Reduction ofwear onrollers instrip treatment plantAnnex
Proposed research FiηanciaIàid
by durationj
(years )ιAmount ECU
(4.12.80 )%Amount ECU
(4.12.80 )
BSC!
:'2/ ι251.000
'~1
60 150.600
IRSID
.2 !.
334.000 60 200.400
SM0Z 2
i 1403.000 60 241.800
•
Korr .Cent
•
-! !
.2
I .·1
; 191.000 60 54.600
Italsider1 1
i i
í2 .j
i326.500 60 195.900
Comet ube·! - :
!2
ι «-88.000 -60 52.800
ι
VDEhi
I
ι
i77.750 80i
62.200
ι
ι
Teksid' ;3 652.000.
60I
!391.200
.BSC
I3 366.500 60
-!219.900
¡
i ' ι
»
BSCi
3 192.500 60»
!
i'115.500
}
BFI ' 3 496.000 60 !297.600
!
i

-7-
Annex \
Project
No.
1005
1071
1072:
TITLE OF THE RESEARCH
Reduction ofcrane maintenance costs bydesigning tomeet service
requirements .
MISCELLANEOUS
Utilisation ofsteel inthe automobile industry
Technical steel literaturePropose
by
BFI
Hoogovens
Aselt'dresearch
duration !Amount ECU
(years)¡_(4.12.80)
3 464.500
j
1 I32.000
1 124.000Fina
7.
60
60
100ηciaIaid
Amount ECU j
(4.12.80 ) !
ι
278.700
I
I
19.200
-124.000
TOTALI
¡32.164.750
■!.19.364.000
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