COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
COM 93 )275 final SYN 335 
Brussels, 10 June 1993 
Amended proposal for a 
EQWnii DIRECTIVE 
on the landfill of waste 
(presented by the Commission pursuant to Article 149(3) 
of the EEC-Treaty) 
X 
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 
Pursuant to article 149(3) of the EEC Treaty, the Commission submits an 
amended proposal for a Council Directive on the Landfill of Waste*1K 
The amended proposal takes account of a number of amendments by the 
European Parliament adopted at its May and October 1992 Plenary Session 
and by the Economic and Social Committee*2^. 
In particular, the Commission has included an additional reference to 
the polluter pays principle because of the growing concern of 
old landfill site remediation and development of training of landfill 
personnel (cfr recitals 16 and 17 respectively and art. 16 and 20a). 
The Commission has also sought to clarify the wording of definitions in 
article 3 and to add further requisites regarding the application, the 
conditions and the content of the permit (cfr art. 6, 7, 8). 
Following adoption by the Council of Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous 
waste, the Commission has accepted Parliament's proposal for an 
additional reference in Article 9. In the same article, the Commission 
has also sought to ensure that no method should be used to try to meet 
the standards foreseen In this directive by means of dilution or mixing 
of the wastes. 
The Commission has accepted Parliament's amendment to ban Joint 
disposal (cfr art. 10.5) introducing a transitional period of 5 years 
for those countries where It Is currently legally practised, and in the 
same article to clarify the type of wastes that can be deposited Into a 
monoIandfIII. 
In addition the Commission accepted Parliament's proposal to reinforce 
article 11, particularly concerning the case of non acceptance of the 
waste, and article 13, concerning the procedures for closure and 
monitoring after the closure of the site. 
The Commission has also incorporated Parliament's amendment to clarify 
the period within which existing landfill sites have to comply with the 
terms of this directive (cfr art. 15) and the procedures to follow. 
Beyond 4his, the Commission has accepted Parliament's proposal to 
detail the Information of annual reports which Member States are 
required to submit in accordance with article 19 and Annex IVa. 
Finally, the Commission has accepted In part some of the amendments 
concerning the annexes, especially the ones dealing with the control of 
access to the landfill and landfill gas management. 
(1) OJ N- C 190, 22.7.91, p. 1 
(2) OJ N' C 40, 17.2.92, p. 112 et seg. 
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The Commission also finally decided not to amend the proposal 
concerning insurance coverage at the moment, because it prefers to 
tackle this problem within the general framework designed by the Green 
Paper on remedying environmental damage. 
Amendments regarding the banning of the disposal of liquid wastes Into 
landfills have been rejected by the Commission. The Commission Is of 
the opinion that, as liquid waste needs to be disposed of, and, If It 
Is compatible with the type of wastes acceptable In each Individual 
landfill, landfill can be a good alternative to incineration, when the 
location of the landfill and the climate conditions allow it. 
The Commission rejected a number of amendments concerning the 
functioning of the Iandf111, because they refer to specific techniques 
which are already incorporated In the general demands laid down in the 
directive. It is for Member States to fix more specific standards 
corresponding to the results of the environmental impact assessment. 
As for the amendments concerning the concepts of prevention and 
recycling: the Commission Is aware of their Importance for the 
reduction of the waste flow in general. However, this is not the 
objective of the present directive. 
Furthermore, the amendments concerning a programme of sampling and 
analysis of all the wastes arriving at the landfill have been rejected 
by the Commission, since such operations are not always considered 
necessary; for urban waste for example, the supervision aspect has been 
taken Into consideration in Annex III, and for waste with homogeneous 
characteristics which arrives periodically in large quantities (for 
example waste coming from frequent users of the landfill In the sense 
of the directive), sampling and analysis are considered not to be 
necessary either. 
Finally, the Commission rejected the proposed compromise amendment 
which asks for a report of the work of the Technical Committee 
Including a record of all Committee meetings, since its proposal Is in 
accordance with the Council Decision of July 1987 laying down the 
procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the 
Commission. 
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Amended proposal for a 
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 
on the landfill of waste 
ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European 
Economic Community, and in particular Article 100a 
thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, 
In cooperation with the European Parliament, 
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social 
Committee, 
Whereas the resolution of the Council of 7 May 1990 on 
waste polky (*} adopts the Community strategy document 
and invites the Commission to propose criteria and standards 
for disposal of waste by landfill; 
Whereas there is a need, in a Community without internal 
frontiers, to harmonize the technical standards for the 
landfill of waste on a high level of environmental 
protection; 
Whereas it is considered necessary to take the appropriate 
measures to avoid the abandonment, dumping or 
uncontrolled disposal of waste; 
Whereas disparities between technical standards for the 
disposal of waste by landfill might give rise to preferential 
disposal of waste m facilities with low standards of 
environmental protection, where disposal costs are inferior, 
and thus create a potentially serious threat to the 
environment, due to unnecessarily long transport of the 
wastes as well as to inapproprute disposal practices; 
Whereas any disparity between the laws and technical 
standards of the Member States on the landfill of waste can 
distort the conditions of competition and thereby direcdy 
affect the establishment and functioning of the internal 
market; 
Whereas the disparity between technical standards and 
control and operating procedures in landfills gives rise to 
differences in the cost of waste disposal and thus affects the 
conditions of competition; 
(«5 OJ No C 122. 18. 5. 1990, p. 2. 
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ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
Whereas in view of what is said above it is necessary to clearly 
define the classes of landfill to be considered and the types of 
waste to be accepted in the different classes of landfill; 
Whereas it is necessary to dearly point out which are the 
general requirements with which landfills must comply, 
dealing with location, development, control and protective 
measures to be taken, in particular against the pollution of 
groundwater by leachate infiltration into the soil; 
Whereas it is necessary to harmonize the permit procedures 
for all classes of landfills according to the general licensing 
requirements already set down in Council Directive 
75/442/EEC of 15 July 1975 (*) on waste, as amended by 
Directive 91/156/EEC ('), and to the particular aspects of 
landfill as required in this Directive; 
Whereas it is necessary to avoid disparities in the waste 
acceptance procedures in different landfills, and for this a 
homogeneous system of waste sampling, characterization 
and analysis will have to be fixed; 
Whereas it is necessary to establish common control 
procedures' during the operation and aftercare phases of a 
landfill in order to identify any possible adverse 
environmental effect of the landfill and take the appropriate 
corrective measures; 
Whereas it is necessary to define when and how a landfill 
should be closed and the obligations of the operator on the 
site during the aftercare period; 
Whereas it is necessary to regulate the conditions in which 
existing landfills shall operate and the measures to be taken 
for their adaptation to the conditions laid down in this 
Directive; 
Whereas an old operating site should be corrected as far as 
possible in order to mitigate its possible negative 
environmental impact; 
Whereas in compliance with the 'polluter pays' principle the 
price charged for waste disposal in a landfill shall cover at 
least all the costs involved in the setting up, operation and 
aftercare of the facility; 
Whereas the polluter pays principle requires 
as a minimum that damage to the environment 
produced by a landfill is adequately taken 
care of and that the operators of landfill 
sites have sufficient financial guarantees 
to support any necessary remedial actions; 
(*) OJ No L 194, 25. 7.1975*, p. 39. 
(») OJ No L 78, 26. 3. 1991, p. 32. 
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AMENDED TEXT ORIGINAL TEXT 
Whereas it is necessary to ensure the proper operation of 
the provisions implementing this Directive throughout 
the Community, and to ensure uniformly high standards 
of training and knowledge amongst landfill operators and 
staff by the provision of training courses 
Whereas in order to provide sufficient funds for the control of 
a dosed site it is proposed to create a 'Landfill aftercare fund' 
to ensure that closed landfills are properly monitored during 
the aftercare phase and appropriate curative action can be 
taken if needed; 
Whereas, with a view to following the evolution of waste 
disposal by landfill, it is considered necessary to provide 
data. 
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: 
Article 1 
Field of application 
1. Member States shall apply this Directive to any landfill 
as defined in Article 3 (e). 
2. Transfer stations as defined in Artide 3 (g) and 
fadlities for the storage of waste as defined in Artide 3 (h) 
shall be exduded from the scope of this Directive. 
Article 2 
Types of waste 
For the purposes of this Directive 'waste* means any 
substance or object which . is covered by Directive 
75/442/EEC. 
According to its origin, waste is classified as: 
— 'municipal waste*, 
— 'industrial waste'. 
According to its characteristics, waste is dassified as: 
— 'hazardous waste', 
— 'non-hazardous waste', 
— 'inert waste*. 
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ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
Artie!* 3 
Definitions 
For the purposes of this Directive: 
(a, 'municipal waste* means domestic refuse, as well as 
commercial or trade refuse and other waste which, 
because of its nature or composition, is similar to 
domestic refuse; 
(b) 'industrial waste' means w^aste arising from 
manufacturing or industrial activities or processes; 
(c) "hazardous waste* means any waste which is covered by 
Council Directive 78/319/EEC of 20 March 1978 on 
toxic and dangerous waste t1}; 
(d) 'inert waste* means waste that, when deposited into a 
landfill, does not undergo any significant physical, 
chemical or biological transformations and which 
complies with die eluatc criteria set out in Annex III; 
(e) iandfiir means a waste disposal site used for the 
controlled deposit of the waste onto or into land; 
(f) *mono4andfiir means a landfill site or a part of it where 
only one defined type of waste is deposited; meaning by 
this waste which is comparable with respect to origin, 
composition» and the characteristics of their 
leachates; 
(g) "transfer station* means a fadlicy where waste is 
unloaded in order to permit its preparation for further 
transport for recovery, treatment or disposal 
elsewhere; 
(h) 'storage* means the controlled temporary deposit of 
waste prior to recovery, treatment or disposal. Waste to 
be stored for more than one year (long-term storage) will 
have to be stable, non-reacting waste, otherwise it will 
have to be previously stabilized. Permanent or indefinite 
storage shall be considered as equivalent terms to 
landfill; 
(i) •treatment* means the physical, chemical or biological 
processes that change the characteristics of the waste in 
order to reduce its volume or hazardous nature, 
facilitate its handling or enhance recovery; (i) * treatment' means the physical, 
chemical, thermic or biological 
processes that change the 
characteristics of the vaste in 
order to reduce its volume or 
hazardous nature, facilitate its 
handling or enhance recovery; 
(i) Ieachate* means any water percolating through the 
deposited waste and emitted from or contained within a 
landfill; j) 'Ieachate' means any licuid 
percolating through the deposited ~ 
waste and emitted . from or 
contained within a landfill; 
•3 OJ No L 84. 31. 3. I978. p. 43. 
ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
(k) 'landfill gas* means all the gases generated from the 
landfillcd waste; 
[\) "eluate* means the solution obtained by a simulated 
* laboratory leaching ;est; 
{m) 'operator' means the natural or legal person responsible 
for a landfill. 
Anxle 4 
Classes of landfill 
1. Depending on the types of waste to be deposited the 
following classes of landfill will be considered within the 
scope of this Directive: 
— landfill for hazardous waste, 
— landfill for munidpal and non-hazardous wastes and 
for other compatible wastes, as defined in the 
compatibility criteria set out in Annex til, 
— landfill for inert waste. 
2. Each landfill shall be classified according to the terms of 
this Directive. 
3. A laiulful may receive a mulripledasstficarion, provided 
chat the disposal operations are carried out in separate 
areas of the site, and that each of these areas complies 
with the specific requirements set for that class of 
landfill. 
4. Independently of their type, wastes can be assigned to a 
ytnono-landful, as defined in Artide 3 (f). Mono-landfills 
will have to comply with the requirements fixed for the 
dass of landfill to which they belong, according to the 
type of waste deposited in them. 
ArticU 5 
General requirements for all classes of landfill 
A landfill must comply with the necessary requirements set 
out in Annexes I, HI and IV in order to avoid environmental 
damage. 
Article 6 
Application for a permit 
The application for a landfill permit, as required in Artide 9 
of Directive 75/442/EEC shall fulfil at least * 
requirements and procedures as spedftcd in Annex IL the 
2. ' Following submission of the application for a per­
mit, the competent authorities: 
(a) withm a period ofthree months may ask for addition­
al infoinmation,mod^<ationsofthe project, or for an 
alternative plan, 
(b) within a period of 12 months after the last submission 
shall reach a definite conclusion: < 
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ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
Article 7 
Conditions of the permit 
Member States shall ensure that: 
1". The competent authority shall not issue a landfill permit 
unless: 
(a) the application is complete and in accordance with 
this Directive; 
the (b) die applicant (owner and/or operator of the facility) 
responds to the appropriate technical and financial 
specifications required to establish and operate a 
landfill; 
(c) the landfill project complies with all 
requirements laid down in this Directive; 
(d) the landfill project is compatible with the waste 
disposal plans established pursuant to Artide 7 of 
Directive 75/442/EEC; 
prior to the commencement of disposal operations, the 
competent authority shall carry out an inspection of the 
site in order to ensure that it complies with the conditions 
of the permit. (a) the application is complete and 
1rt accordance with this 
Di recti ve and the competent 
authority shall undertake 
sufficient inspections of the 
site prior to any operations 
(whether preparation or 
depositing) to ensure that the 
environmental standards can be 
assured. 
Article 8 
Content of the permit 
1. In accordance with the provisions set out in Artide 9 of 
Directive 75/442/EEC, the landfill permit shall state at 
least the following: 
(a) the list of defined types of waste to be permitted or 
cxduded in die landfill; 
(b) the requirements for the landfilling operations and 
control procedures as well is for the dosure and 
aftercare operations. 
cj The obligation to report at least 
annually as required in Article 11 
and Annex IV of this Directive. 
2. The permit may be revised. In order toVevise a permit, 
the procedures set out in Artides 6/7 and S (1) of this 
Directive shall zpply. 
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ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
Article 9 
Waste not acceptable for landfill 
Member States shall ensure that: 
1. the following wastes shall not be accepted in a 
landfill: 
— wastes in liquid state, unless compatible with the type 
of wastes acceptable in each individual landfill, and 
with the operating procedure of the site (Annex IV: 
water balance). 
— wastes which, in the conditions of landfill, are 
explosive, oxidizing, highly flammable or 
flammable, as defined by Directive 78/319/EEC, 
— waste arising from medical or veterinary 
establishments which is infectious as defined by 
Directive 78/319/EEC, 
— any other type of waste which docs not fulfil the 
criteria specified in Annex HI, unless it is assigned to a 
mono-landfill as indicated in Article 10 (4) of dus 
Directive; hospital and other clinical wastes arising from medi­
cal or veterinary establishments which is infectious 
as defined by Directive 91/689/EEC, and waste fell­
ing within category 14 (Annex la) of that hazardous 
waste Directive. 
2. no dilution of waste in order to meet die waste 
acceptance criteria shall be permitted either before or 
during die landfill operations 2. HO dilution or «ixtaire of waste 
in order to meet the waste acceptance 
criteria shall be permitted either 
before or during the landfill 
operations. 
Article 10 
Waste to be accepted in the different classes of landfill 
Member States shall ensure that: 
1. with the objective of guiding the different types of waste 
to be disposed of to the appropriate dass of landfill the 
assessment of the characteristics of die waste with respect 
to landfilling requirements will be made by reference 
to: 
— the origin of the waste, 
— the composition of the waste, 
— the leaching and compatibility characteristics of the 
waste with respect to the eluate and compatibility 
criteria set out in Annex III; 
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ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
2. hazardous wastes that fulfil the eluate criteria «t out in 
Annex III shall be assigned to a hazardous waste landfill 
unless, if compatible with municipal waste, they are 
assigned to a landfill for municipal and non-hazardous 
wastes and for other compatible wastes; 
3. hazardous wastes not fulfilling the eluate criteria shall be 
treated before disposal in a hazardous waste landfill; 
4. hazardous wastes not fulfilling the eluate criteria set out 
in Annex III and which cannot be treated, or are not 
compatible for joint disposal with munidpal waste, or 
any other type of wastes of a predse type, origin or 
composition, can be assigned to a mono-landfill. Specific 
requirements shall be fixed by the competent authority 
for these particular landfills according to the nature of 
the wastes to be deposited; 
5. landfill for munidpal. non-hazardous and other 
compatible wastes landfill sites can be used for: 
(a) munidpal waste; 
(b) non-hazardous wastes of any other origin; 
(c) liquid wastes and sludges compatible with die 
landfillcd wastes and with the operation procedure 
of the site (Annex IV: water balance). Particular 
precautions shall be taken when disposing of liquid 
wastes to prevent the formation of aerosols as well 
as to promote uniform trickling and thus avoid 
the occurrence of preferential paths through the 
landfill; 
(d) any other wastes or mixture of wastes compatible 
with the landfillcd wastes, if their joint disposal 
supposes any advantage with respect to waste 
management and environmental protection, due to 
the beneficial interactive processes that occur 
between the different types of waste when mixed 
(Compatibility criteria: Annex III); hazardous wastes not fulfilling the eluate criteria set 
out in Annex III and which cannot be treated can be 
assigned to a mono-landfill. Specific and, if appro­
priate, additional and more stringent requirements 
shall be fixed by the competent authority for these 
particular landfills according to the nature of the 
wastes to be deposited in order to ensure at least the 
same level of environmental protection as for haz­
ardous waste landfills as provided for in this Direc­
tive. . 
(e) Joint disposal, where legally practised, «hall 
be authorised according to th« Unas of thli 
directive for a maximum period of 5 years aftei 
implementation of this directive, after whlcl 
it shall be banned. 
5a. hazardous municipal waste which has been collected 
separately is assigned to a hazardous waste landfill; 
inen waste landfill sites shall be used only for inen waste 
that complies with the criteria set out in Annex HI. If 
neccssjry, in order to "meet the criteria, waste with a 
majority of inen components shall be previously soned 
or created to separate those components that might 
give rise to any physical, chemical or biological 
transformation. 
6a. any type of waste of a precise type, origin or 
composition can be assigned to a mono4andfill. 
Specific requirements shall be fixed by thecompetent 
authority for these particular landfills, according to 
the nature of the waste to be deposited. 
9 -
ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
Article 11 
Waste acceptance procedures 
Member States shall take measures in order that: 
1. the operator of a landfill shall accept waste only if, before 
or at the time of delivery, the holder can show, by means 
of the appropriate documents, that the waste in question 
can be accepted in that site, according to its dass and the 
conditions set in the permit, and that it fulfils the 
acceptance criteria (Annex III); 
2. the operator of a landfill shall be responsible for: 
{a) checking of the waste documentation; 
(b) visual inspection and control of the waste at the 
entrance and at the tipping front; 1. the operator of a landfill shall 
accept waste only if, before or at 
the time of delivery, the holder has 
had established and can show, by 
means of the appropriate documents,; 
that the waste in question can be 
accepted in that site, according to 
its class and the conditions set in 
the permit, and that it fulfils the' 
acceptance criteria (Annex III); 
(c) die application, if required according to the 
provisions laid down in Annex HI» of a sampling and 
analysis programme of die waste delivered. This 
programme can be carried out by an approved 
laboratory contracted by die operator or by the 
operator himself if he possesses adequate and 
approved laboratory facilities; 
(d) keeping a register of the quantities and 
characteristics of the wastes deposited, indicating 
origin, date of delivery, producer, and, in die case of 
hazardous waste, die precise location on the site; 
(e) reporting on a yearly basis to die competent 
authority on die types and quantities of waste 
disposed of and on the results of the control 
programme, as required in dus Artide and in Annex 
IV; 
when the producer or the holder of the waste is a frequent 
user of die landfill, he must reach a written contractual 
agreement with the operator of the site in order to deliver 
his waste to the landfill. The document shall describe the 
general characteristics of the waste delivered; 3. when the producer or the holder 
of the waste is a frequent user of 
the landfill or Intends to dispose of 
lltf"*» m"*nfc*fc*«*s ef waste on a non-
periodical h»«i«. be anst reach a 
written contractual agreement with 
the operator of the site in order to 
deliver his waste to the landfill. ; 
The . document shall describe .the ' 
general characteristics and ftlfiQ tftg 
origin and tvoe of the waste 
delivered» Wa.«tto not inclnded in the 
«<re«e»en* «hfflil b*> «rfyW* to *hm 
jtooeptanoe <-iHt*»ri« «wrt-Jihllkhed for 
that specific landfills • 
the operator of the landfill shall always provide written 
justification of each delivery accepted on the she. This 
document can be considered as evidence of the disposal 
of the waste and also as an agreement by single users of 
the landfill; 
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ORIGINAL TEXT 
5. if waste is not accepted at a landfill the holder shall return 
it :o the producer unless another adequate means of 
divfosal, complying with a!! the necessary requirements, 
cm be found; AMENDED TEXT 
5. if waste is not accepted at a landfill the holder shall 
notify the competent authority of the non-acceptance 
of the waste and shall return it to the producer unless 
anther adequate means of disposal, complying with 
all the necessary requirements, can be found; in any 
event the competent authority shall be informed by 
the holder of the final destination of the waste, all at 
the waste producer's expense; 
6. the responsibility for the acceptance of waste on a landfill 
fails upon the site operator. 
Article 12 
Control procedures in operation and aftercare phases 
Member States shall take measures in order that: 
the operator of a landfill shall carry out during the 
landfill operation and aftercare phases a control 
programme as specified in Annex IV; 
2. the operator shall notify the competent authority if any 
adverse environmental effects are discovered as a result 
of the control procedures and, in all cases, the operator 
must notify the competent authority of the nature and 
timing of the proposed measures to be taken; 
3. corrective measures shall be taken, at the expense of the 
operator, if adverse environmental effects from the 
landfill operation are discovered. These measures may be 
subject to direction by the competent authority and may 
be carried out by that authority if the operator does not 
carry them out himself; 
4. qualified laboratories responsible for the quality control 
of the analytical operations of the control procedures are 
designated. 
Article 13 
Closure procedure 
Member States shall ensure that: 
1. a landfill or part of it shall stan the closure 
procedure: 
(a) when it has reached its capacity, that is, when the 
definitive height of the waste deposited reaches the 
height defined in the landfill project required for the 
permit or expressed in it, or 
;\-:S\$^&ïiïi 
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ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
îb) by decision of the owner of the site, with the 
authorization of the competent authority, or 
c. by decision of the competent authority. (b) by decision of the owner and/or 
the operator of the site, with 
the need for agreement if they 
are different entities under the 
authorization of the competent 
authority, or 
(c) by decision of the competent authority subject to 
appeal by the operator. 
"Whatever the case the competent authority has to justify 
its decision; 
2. a closed landfill shall always receive a final cover in order 
to accommodate the site to its future uses and integrate it 
in the surrounding landscape. 
The type and characteristics of the cover to be applied 
shall take into consideration the class of landfill, 
the types of waste deposited and the particular 
. characteristics of the site in order to control its further 
development; 
3. prior to the commencement of the total or partial closure 
of a landfill, the operator shall present to the competent 
authority the information required in Annex 0 and in 
particular on the measures to be provided for the 
monitoring and control of surface run-off water, gas and 
Ieachate emissions from the landfill, and for the 
protection and monitoring of groundwater as indicated 
in Annex rV; 
4. a landfill or part of it may only be considered as definitely 
closed after the competent authority has carried out a 
final on-site inspection and has communicated to the 
operator its permit for the closure; 
5. after a landfill has been definitively closed, the operator 
shall be in charge of its maintenance, monitoring and 
control in the aftercare phase for a period of 10 jcars or 
for a shorter period if the competent authority authorizes 
it. 
5â at least 30 years after closure 
of the landfill or for as long as 
needed if the site poses am 
active risk. Ieachate from the 
site and the groundwater regime 
in the vicinity of the site are 
monitored and analysed at least 
twice a year (Annex IV1 
that the site remains safe. 
Article 14 
Civil liability of operator 
The operator shall be liable under civil law for the damage 
and impairment of the environment caused by the landfillcd 
waste, irrespective of fault on his pan. 
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ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
Article IS 
Existing landfill sites 
Member States shall ensure that: 
1. landfills which have been granted a permit, or which are 
already in operation at the time of notification of this 
Directive, may not continue to operate unless they 
comply with the provisions set out in points 2 and 3; 
to be able to continue to operate, the operators of the 
sites referred to in point 1 shall apply to the competent 
authority for a confirmation of their permit or, in the 
event that the facility does not comply with die terms of 
this Directive, for the issue of a new or revised permit. 
The competent authority shall not grant the permit 
unless the future operation of the remaining part of the 
site meets the conditions laid down in this Directive; 
3. within a period of fi%c years after the date of 
implemenution of this Directive: 
(a) the operator of a landfill shall, if required, prepare 
and present to the competent authorities, for their 
• approval, a conditioning plan for die site supplying 
the information required in Annex H, 
(b) the competent audwrities shall consklcr the demand 
and reach a definite conclusion, 
•;c) the operator shall carry out the conditioning plan of 
the site; (a) Withm a period of one year after this Directive 
enters into force, the operator of a landfill shall 
prépare and present to the competent authorities, 
for its approval, a oooditiooing plan for toe site 
(Annex H), 
(b) Within, a period of one year after the presenta­
tion of toe conditioning plan, toe competent 
authorities shall reach a definite conclusion, 
(c) On the oasis of the approved rite conditioning 
plan, the competent authority shall authorise the 
necessary works and shall lay down a specific 
transitional period which may not exceed two 
years for toe completion of the plan. 
if after five years after the date of implemenution of this 
Directive there are previously existing landfills which 
do not have a permit for continuing operations, 
the competent authorities shall take the appropriate 
measures for the dosure of those sites. 
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ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
Article 16 
Cost of the landfill of waste 
Member States shall ensure that the price to be charged for 
the disposal of any type of waste in a landfill shall cover at 
least all the costs involved in the setting up and operation of 
the site, as well as the estimated costs of the dosure and 
aftercare of the fadlity. Article 16 
Member States shall ensure that the price to be charged 
for the disposal of any type of waste in a landfill shall 
cover at least all the costs involved in the setting up and 
operation of the site, as well as the estimated costs of the 
closure and aftercare of the facility, also to cover the 
financing of schemes of training for the professional and 
technical development of the personnel required to 
undertake the aforementioned tasks. 
Article 17 
Financial guarantee 
Member Sûtes shall ensure that, at the time of receiving a 
permit,, toe operator provides, by whichever means, a-
finandal guarantee or any other equivalent, fixed by the 
competent authority, whose purpose shall be to cover the 
estimated costs of the dosure procedures and aftercare 
operations of the landfill. This guarantee shall be kept as long 
as the operator is in charge of the maintenance and aftercare 
operations of the site. 
Article 18 
Landfill aftercare fund 
1. Member States shall ensure the establishment of one or 
more 'Landfill aftercare funds* whose structure is to be fixed 
by the competent authorities. 
2. The purpose of these funds shall be: . 
(a) to cover the normal aftercare costs of dosed landfills; 
(b) to cover the expenses originated by the operations 
necessary to prevent or cure the damage to the 
environment produced by the disposal of waste in case it 
is not otherwise recoupable or not covered by insurance 
or financial guarantee. 
3. The fund shall not cover the costs that can be directly 
diarged to the landfill operator as long as he is liable. 
4. The operator of each landfill shall contribute to the 
"Landfill aftercare fund* in the light of the dass of landfill and 
of the types and tonnage of the wastes landfillcd. The 
financiat guarantee set out in Artide 17 does not free the 
operator from contribution to the Fund. \ 
- 14 -
ORIGINAL TEXT AMENOED TEXT 
Article 19 
Obligation to report 
1. Each year, and for the first time on , Member 
States shall forward to the Commission a repon on the 
landfill of waste containing the information necessary for the 
Commission to evaluate the compliance with the terms of this 
Directive. Article 19 
1. Each year, and for the first time on.... Member 
States shall forward to the Commission 
a report 
on the landfill of waste containing the following informa­
tion: 
— individual data on each landfill in operation as 
indicated in paragraph 2 of this artide, 
— cumulative data, at national level, of the quantities 
and types of waste disposed of and the total cost of 
disposal, 
— existoigpUuisforthèsetn^upofnewlandlulrites, 
— closed down landfill sites, 
— a report on the technical and financial activities of 
the Landfill Aftercare Fund. 
la. The data to provide for each specific landfill shall 
be the following: 
— reporting period, 
— name of the facility location, 
— owner and/or operator, 
— types and quantities of wastes received during the 
reporting period, 
— cost of disposal (per tonne), 
— area served, 
— year in which operations started, 
— total accumulated quantifies of wastes deposited, 
— calculated final capacity of toe site, 
— yearinwhichfinalcapacitybexpectedtobereached. 
A model of the data table to be provided on each landfill is 
included In Annex IV. 
- 15 
ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDEO TEXT 
2. On the basis of the report referred to in paragraph 1, 
the Commission shall publish a consolidated report every 
three years, and for the first time on / 2. On the basis of the report referred to in paragraphs 1 
and 2, the Commission shall publish a consolidated 
report every three years, and for the first time on 
Article 20 
Committee 
The amendments necessary for adapting the Annexes to this 
Directive to sdentific and technical progress and proposals 
of standardization about control, sampling and analysis 
methods in relation to the landfill of waste, shall be adopted 
in accordance with the following procedure. 
The Commission shall be assisted by a committee composed 
of the representatives of the Member Sûtes and chaired by 
the.representarive of die Commission. 
The represenutive of the Commission shall submit to the 
committee a draft of the measures to be uken. The 
comminee shall deliver its opinion on the draft within a time 
limit which the chairman may lay down according to the 
urgency of the matter. The opinion shall be delivered by the 
majority laid down in Artide 148 (2) of the EEC Treats' in the 
case of dedsions which the Council is required to adopt 
on a proposal from the.Commission. The votes of the 
representatives of the Member States within the committee 
shall be weighted in the manner set out in that Article. The 
chairman shall not vote. 
The Commission shall adopt the measures envisaged if they 
are in accordance with the opinion of the comminee. 
If the measures envisaged are not in accordance with the 
opinion of the comminee, or if no opinion is delivered, the 
Commission shall, without delay, submit to the Council a 
proposal relating to the measures to be taken. The Council 
shall act by a qualified majority. 
If, on the expiry of a period of three months from the date 
of referral to the Coundl, the Council has not aaed, the 
proposed measures shall be adopted by the Commission. 
- 16 -
ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
Article 20a 
Training and information 
Member States shall take the necessary measures to 
ensure the provision of: 
(a) the professional and technical development and 
training of landfill operators and staff, 
(b) information campaigns on landfill operations and 
techniques for toe benefit of both public authorities 
and the public in géneraL 
Article II 
Enforcement 
1. Member Sûtes shall bring into force the laws, 
regulations and administrative- provisions necessary to 
comply with this Directive within one year of its notification. 
They shall immediately inform the Commission thereof. 
When Member States adopt these measures, these shall 
conuin a reference to .this Directive or shall be 
accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their 
official publication. The procedure for such reference shall 
be adopted by Member States. 
2. Member Sûtes shall communicate to the Commission 
the texts of the provisions of national law which they adopt in 
the field covered by this Directive. 
Article 21 
This Directive is addressed to the Member Sûtes. 
17 -
ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
1. ASS EX I 
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL CLASSES OF LANDFILLS 
Location 
1.1. The location of s landfill must take into consideration requirements dealing with: 
'a} the distances from the boundary of the site to residential and recreation areas, roads and waterways, 
water bodies and other industrial, agricultural or urban sites; 
;b; the existence of groundwater or'nature protection zones in the area; 
(c) the hydrogeological conditions of 
the area; (c) the geological and 
hydrogeological conditions of the 
area; 
(d) the risk of flooding, subsidence, landslides or avalanches in the site; 
(e) the protection of.the natural or cultural patrimony of the area. 
.2 The landfill can be authorized if 
the characteristics of the site 
with respect to the 
abovementioned requirements, or 
the corrective measures to be 
taken, when considered in an 
environmental impact assessment 
in the meaning of Directive 
85/337/EEC indicate that the 
landfill does not pose a serious 
environmental risk. 1.2 The landfill can only be 
authorized if the characteristics 
of the site with respect to the 
abovementioned requirements, or 
the corrective measures to be 
taken, when considered in an 
environmental impact assessment 
in the meaning of Directive 
85/337/EEC indicate that the 
landfill does not pose a serious 
environmental risk. 
2. Roads and service areas 
2.1. Access to a landfill shall be planned in such a way that it creates minimal hindrance to existing public 
roads. 
VL The landfill shall be equipped so that dirt originat­
ing from the site is not dispersed onto public roads. ?,?, The landfill shall be equipped so that dirt originat­
ing from the site is not dispersed onto public roads and 
surrounding land. 
2.3- All roads and service areas within the boundary of the landfill must be buik and maintained to comply with 
die water control and sou and groundwater protection measures required for the site itself. 
3. Fencing 
3.1. The landfill shall be surrounded by fencing sufficient to prevent free access to the site. The gates shall be 
locked outside operating hours. 
4. Landscaping 
4.1. Measures shall be taken in order to reduce the mua! impact of a landfill, in particular when easily visible 
from residential areas, recreation areas and roads. 
5. Site identification and information 
5.1. At the entrance of a landfill an identification and information board must be provided displaying the 
following information: 
— name and class of the site. 
— name of the owner and or operator. 
— licensing identification. 
— operating tunes. 
— contact and emergency telephone numbers. 
— authority responsible for the operjnm: permit and control of rhe site. 
S.Z. The additional information musi JI*JJI be available to the public, on request: 
— type* of" wastes for which the site ha» received an operating permit, 
tariff* bo be applied for the depositing of w«w on ch< site. 
- 18 -
ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
6. Control of access and operation 
'6.1. An appropriate system for control of access must always be provided at the entrance of the site. 
6.2. All waste delivered shall always be conuolled on i:s 
— origin. 
— type and characteristics. 
— quantity weight or volume". 
the appropriate identification - the appropriate identification, 
documents. <* required. 
6.3a The system of control and access 
to each facility should contain 
a programme of Measures to 
detect and disconraoe illegal 
dumping, 
6.3. During operating hours, a suitably qualified person m charge of the landfill opcrauons must always be 
present 
*?. Water control and Ieachate management 
7.1. Appropriate measures shall be taken in order to control surface- and. or groundwater entering into the 
landfillcd waste. 
7.2 All water or Ieachate emanating 7.2 All water or Ieachate emanating 
from the landfill shall be from the landfill shall be 
collected unless» through an collected by means of an 
environmental Impact assessment, efficient drainage system, so as 
1t Is determined that collection to ensure that no water 
1s not required. accumulates at the bottom of the 
site. unless, through an 
environmental Impact assessment, 
1t 1s determined that collection 
1s not required. 
7.3. Contaminated water and Ieachate collected from the landfill shall be treated to the appropriate standard 
required for its discharge. 
8. Protection of soil and groundwater 
8.1. A landfill must meet die necessary conditions, naturally or artifkaîly achieved, to prevent pollution of die 
soil or groundwater. 
8.2. The non-saturated geological formations constituting die substratum of the landfill base and sides shall 
satisfy the following permeabUity and thickness requirements. 
Maximum values of the permeability coefficient, K (m/s), foe a substratum thickness of three metres 
measured under conditions of water saturation: 
— Landfill for hazardous waste: 
K « 1.0 x 10~* m/s. 
— Landfill for municipal and non hazardous wastes and for other compatible wastes: 
K - 1.0 x Wm s. 
— Landfill for inert waste: 
K s no limit value. 
8 3 The method to be used tor the determination of the permeability coefficient for landfills, in the field and for 
the * hole extension of the site, is to be developed and approved by the comminee set up in Article 20 of this 
Directive. 
8.4. Where these conditions, or other equivalent ones, are not met naturally, engineering measures shall be 
taken to achieve at least the same level of safety. 
- 19 -
ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
9. Gas control 
9.1. Appropriate measures shall be 
(Annex IV;. taken in order to control the accumulation and migration of landfill gas 
9.2 Landfill gas shall be collected 
and properly treated and 
preferably used. This obligation 
applies to biologically active 
sites receiving or having 
received «ore than 10 000 metric 
tons of wastes per annum. 9.2 Landfill gas shall be collected 
and properly treated and 
preferably used 1n such a way as 
to minimise damage to or 
deterioration of the environment 
unless by an environmental 
Impact assessment 1t 1s 
determined that collection 1s 
not required. 
10. Nuisances 
10.1. Measures shall be taken to prevent nuisances arising from the landfill through: 
— emission of odours and dust. 
— wind blown materials. 
— noise and traffic 
birds and vermin, 
— formation of aerosols. birds, and vermin and insects, 
11. Control of stability 
11.1. To provide for sabiltty of the maascl waste an^ 
of slippages, die emplacement of waste on the sate shall cake place under suitable systems of quality 
assurance. 
ANNEXÂT 
Basic iiifonnation to provide m the case of: 
A. Tbcca^baslimentafidc^>eratkMofabnd£0 
B. T!»c oaodttioning plan of au existing landfill 
C The closing of* landfill 
*w>fcenayplYinfl^apgmktAg<lnritmrw 
the ske, m function of the alternative (A, B» Q considered. 
The basic information to provide shall be the following: 
1. complete identification of the applicants; 
2. description of the types and quantities of wastes to be deposited (A, B) or chat have been deposited (B, 
Q; 
3. waste management capacity (dauy, monthly, yearly) ic* whicfe rAC facility b projected; 
4. report with a comprehensive description of the she including-
•— situation and accrst, 
— boundaries and topography. 
geological and hydrological 
characteristics of the area. 
— local meteorology; geological- and hydrological 
characteristics of the area based 
ypof» appropriate data and on 
f?mplyg taken in situ. 
— local meteorology, taking into account the most 
unfavourable weather conditions; 
20 
engineering details of the project including the development, conditioning and lot dosing of the site: 
— phases of the project, 
— access, fencing and site roads. 
— pollution prevention and abatement methods envisaged,. 
— site preparation and provision of services, 
— complementary installations; 
6. of peradon and control plan for the site including: 
— phasing and description of the operations, 
— water, Ieachate and gas control measures, 
— measures for the control cf environmental nuisances, 
— operating times. 
— access control and waste acceptance procedures, 
— equipment ro be utilized, 
— personnel list indicating qualifications, duties and responsibilities, 
— monitoring and maintenance procedures. 
— operational and safety rules and emergency procedures; 
7. plan for the dosure and aftercare procedures induding: 
— final capacity and expected operational period of the facility, 
— final contours and topography of the site, 
— final restoration plan, 
— phases for partial dosure and restoration of filled-up areas, 
— aftercare control measures; 
8. environmental impact assessment in the meaning of Directive 85/337/EEC; 
9. economic information on die project induding estimations of die initial: 
— capital investment, 
— operational costs, 
— charges. 
AKNEX III 
WASTE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES 
Introduction 
In order to harmonize technical characteristics of landfills it is of great importance that all sites use, if only 
for comparison purposes, the same criteria for the acceptance of waste. This means that homogeneous 
sampling and control procedures will have to be fixed and all wastes be subject to them. 
For the purpose of this Directive waste acceptance criteria and control procedures will be fixed in function 
of the characteristics of the duate and of the compatibility of different types of waste in the cases of joint 
disposal (eluate and compatibility criteria). 
No matter which are die sampling and analysis methods selected or the parameters to measure, it is to be 
realized that the tests upon which acceptance criteria are based will never reproduce the exact behaviour of 
the wastes in the landfill but they will serve as the measuring stick against which the characteristics of the 
wastes are tested. This means that, in spite of the existence of different sampling and analysis methods, or 
the relative importance granted to different parameters, a common reference method will have to be fixed 
as described in this Annex. 
General principle 
All wastes discharged into a landfill will have to be previously characterized according to die requirements 
. of this Annex. 
For any waste whose origin is known and whose characteristics and composition are defined, the 
compulsory sampling and analysis can be substituted by a periodical random sampling and analysts 
programme. 
- 21 
3. Sampling 
Definitions: 
A. Homogeneous waste: 
All.rypes of waste which at the time of sampling, ue liquid or can be pumped and whose characteristics 
are the same throughout the whole mass, as well as those wastes whose homogeneity can be visually 
established. 
Heterogeneous waste: 
All ocher wastes. 
B. Representative sample: 
A sample is to be considered as representative if the small amount of materia] wheighed out for 
the analyses has die same average composition as the large mass from which it is derived. 
Reference: General guidelines on sampling technology, ISO 5667-2-1988. 
Number of samples and amounts to be taken 
1. For wastes not delivered in containers 
(a) for homogeneous waste: one sample of 1000 g or ml, per delivery; 
(b) for heterogeneous waste: one representative sample of 1 000 g or ml, per five tons of waste or 
pan thereof. 
2. tor wastes delivered in containers 
Figures are valid for containers with the same content. The waste is considered homogeneous at the 
time of sampling. If the containers are emptied into a collecting tank, the cumulative sample can be 
taken from the tank. 
weight per container I weight and number of container» to be sampled fee a laboratory sample 
< 5 kg Sufficient for a cumulative sample of at least 1 kg taken from at 
least x (*) containers 
• J ' 
> 5 kg Sufficient for a cumulative sample of between 1-2^5 kg taken from at 
least x (*) containers 
{') wliere: x « ^n * 1, a being the cocal number of container». 
3. Muniàpial waste 
U is considered necessary to regularly sample these wastes as there is a need to evaluate the changes 
in corm^osition in order to be able to cake appropriate action m advance or as an alternative to 
landfilling, e.g.: prevention of contamination, selective collection, recycling, etc 
— Waste from households: sampling shall be done at random from all types of origins of the waste 
in order to determine the percentage composition (organics, metals, etc), calorific value, 
heating residue, etc. 
— If containers appear with unknown types of waste, these shall undergo independent sampling 
as in point 2. 
— Waste from commerce, offices or public institutions shall be described by the producer. 
Analytical testing will be done only to allow a complete evaluation or if the dedaration is not 
adequate. 
4. Control procedures: duate criteria (not to be applied to munidpal waste) 
Eluate criteria 
Numerous physico-chemical and biological processes govern the production and composition of landfill 
leachates. In general the composition of leachates will be a function of the types and age of waste deposited, 
the prevailing physico-chemical conditions, the microbiology and die waterbalance of the landfill. 
Although numerous studies have been devoted to die evaluation of the relationship between laboratory 
tests and the fate of leachates, the scardty of true information in the long term is outlined. Nevertheless, the 
potential to severely affect water resources by leachates exists and should be prevented. The proposed 
eluate tests hereunder, have no other aim other than providing quatiutive information on the composition 
. of percolating waters and the nature of the mobilized potentially toxic substances. Reference: Étude 
bibliographique sur*1es lixiviats produits par la mise en décharge de déchets industriels, 4 volumes, 
EEC-Xn-ENV/20/86. 
- 22 -
ORIGINAL TEXT AMENDED TEXT 
Treatment of the samples: 
The original structure of the sample used should be maintained as far as possible; large parts should be 
crushed. The proposed analytical method is DIN 38414-S4 (October 1984 issue) with the following 
additions and/or simplifications: 
— a wide-necked glass bottle (10 cm diameter) should be used, 
— shake, rotating bottle by 180° once per minute for 24 hours, 
— centrifuge; 250 ul filter syringes with 0,45 urn filters should be used for sampling. 
Assignment values: 
This table fixes the ranges by which wastes will be characterized for the purpose of landfilling according to 
the composition of their eluates: 
— wastes whose eluate concentration is in the range fixed for hazardous wastes will be considered as such 
with respect to landfilling. 
For eluate concentrations higher than the maximum 
values fixed, hazardous wastes will have to be treated 
prior to landfill, unless compatible for joint disposal with 
municipal wastes, or, if treatment is not possible, desti-
nated to a mono-landfill. For eluate concentrations higher than the maximum 
values fixed, hazardous wastes will have to be treated 
prior to landfill, unless compatible for joint disposal with 
municipal wastes, or, if treatment is not possible-destined to 
a mono-landlill. 
(*) 
— wastes whose eluate concentration is not above the maximum values fixed for inert wastes will be 
considered as such, 
— wastes whose eluate concentration falls in the range between inert wastes and the minimum value for 
hazardous wastes will be considered non-hazardous. 
Hazardous waste range Inert waste 
1.01 
1.02 
1.03 
1.04 
1.05 
1.06 
1.07 
1.08 
1.09 
1.10 
1.11 
1.12 
1.13 
1.14 
1.15 
1.16 
1.17 
1.18 
1.19 
1.20 
1.21 pH value 
TOC 
arsenic 
lead 
cadmium 
chromium 
copper 
nickel 
mercury 
zinc 
phenols 
fluoride 
ammonium 
chloride 
cyanide (2) 
sulphate (3) 
nitrite 
AOX («) 
solvents (J) 
pesticides (5) 
lipoph. sub. 4—13 
40—200 mg/1 
0,2—1,0 mg/1 
0,4—2,0 mg/1 
0,1—0,5 mg/1 
0,1—0,5 mg/1 
2—10 mg/1 
0,4—2,0 mg/1 
0,02—0,1 mg/1 
2—10 mg/1 
20—100 mg/1 
10—50 mg/1 
0,2—1,0 mg/1 
1,2-6,0 g/1 
0,2—1,0 mg/1 
0,2-1,0 g/1 
6—30 mg/1 
0,6—3,0 mg/1 
0,02—0,10 mgCl/1 
1—5 ug Cl/1 
0,4—2,0 mg/I 4—13 
< 200 mg/1 
<0,1 mg/1 
the total of these 
metals: < 5 mh/1 (») 
< 10 mg/1 
< 5 mg/1 
< 50 mg/1 
< 0,5 g/1 
< 0,1 mg/1 
< 1,0 g/1 
< 3 mg/1 
< 0,3 mg/1 
< 10 ug Cl/1 
< 0,5 ug Cl/1 
< 1 mg/1 
(') And no single value above the minimum fixed for hazardous waste. 
(*) Readily released. 
(») If possible < 500 mg/1. 
(*) Adsorbed organically-bound halogens. 
(J) Chlorinated. 
Notes: 
1. For characterization purposes the components to be analysed in the eluates shall be chosen in function 
of the qualitative composition of the waste. 
2. In addition to these eluate criteria, a determination of asbestos on a representative sample of the crude 
inert waste shall be performed, according to the annexes of the Council Directive 87/217/EEC on the 
prevention and reduction of environmental pollution by asbestos. 
(*) This amendment concerns only the English version (linguistic correction) 
- 23 -
Analytical method» 
The following ISO or DIN methods are proposed as reference methods. Any equivalent method after a 
certification procedure based on the use of a certified reference material will be accepted. In case of 
discrepancy of the results the proposed methods will be used as reference. 
1.01 1 pH 
1.02 ; TOC in eluate 
1.03 j arsenic 
1.04 !ead 
1.05 • cadmium 
1.06 t chromium VI 
1.07 copper 
1.08 nickel 
1.09 mercury 
1.10 zinc 
1.11 phenols 
1.12 fluoride 
1.13 ammonium 
1.14 chloride 
1.15 cyanide 
1.16 sulphate 
1.17 nitrite 
1.18 AOX 
1.19 chlorinated solvents (') 
1.20 chlorinated pestiddes (*} 
1.21 extractible lip. substances {*) (SO-DP 10 523 or DIN 3S404-C5-84, 
DIN 3S409-H3-S5, 
ISO 6595-1982 or DIN 38405-E6-81, 
ISO S28S-19S5 or DIN 3S406-E6-S1. 
ISO S288-1985 or DIN 38406-E19-80, 
1SO-DIS 9174-88 or DIN 3S405-D24-87, 
ISO 8288-1985 or DIN 38406-E21-80, 
ISO 8288-1985 or DIN 38406-E21-80, 
ISO 5666-1/3-88 or DIN 38406-E12-80, 
ISO 8288-1985 or DIN 3840-E8-85, 
BO 6439-1990 or DIN 38409-H16-84, 
ISO-DP 10 359-1 or DIN 38406-D4-85, 
ISO 7150-1983 or DIN 38406-E5-83, 
BO-DIS 9297 or DIN 38405-D1-85, 
DIN 38405-D14-88, 
BO-DIS 9280-1 or DIN 38405-D5-85, 
BO 6777-1983 or DIN 38405-D10-81. 
BO-DB 9562 or DIN 38409-HW-S5, 
BO-DP 10 301 or CC head-space 
G.C. (capillary column) 
cf. param. 27, Directive 80/778 'EEC 
(») Needs 2 ml of chute. 
(2) After extraction of 1 litre of duate. 
(') Needs 250 ml of duate*; chlorofrom extract, resales in 'dry residue' mg/1. 
6. Control procedures: compatibility criteria 
Joint-disposal of waste normally utilizes properties available in municipal waste to attenuate those 
constituents in difficult wastes which are poUuting and potentially hazardous and thereby make their 
impact on the environment acceptable- Wastes destined for joint-disposal must be critically assessed and 
only those wastes which are compatible with mubidpal waste should be accepted for joint-disposal. The 
maintenance of a balanced input of wastes to ensure that the attenuation processes are not overwhelmed is 
essential: controlling the rate input of hazardous wastes is therefore always necessary. 
6.1. General criteria — Prerequisite conditions 
Sites which would pose a direct threat to a sensitive aquifer in the event of containment failure shall not be 
used for joint-disposal. The acceptability of joint-disposal in any given location shall be determined by the 
competent authority, in accordance with the requirements of Annex I to this Directive. 
6.2. Leachate monitoring — Prerequisite conditions 
— Sufficient historic data must be available to provide a dear definition of leachate levels and quality 
within the refuse mass. 
— Specific measures for joint-disposal shall be set by die competent authority subject to the control 
requirements fixed in Annex IV and to the compatibility criteria fixed hereunder. The number of 
monitoring points in landfills where joint-disposal is practised shall be the following in function of the 
surface *rcz of the operating zone: 
— <5 ha « minimum5, 
— 5—10 ha *\me per hectare. 
— >10 * l/Tha> (area. ha)**. 
- 24 -
— Joint-disposal shall not be undertaken unless monitoring shows cicariy that stable methanogenic 
conditions are established and that a sufficient high level of activity continues. This will be determined 
by reference to leachate quality and gas production rate, and the following minimum conditions shall be 
maintained: 
— average leachate temperature: 2:25 °C, 
— average leachate pH: >6,8, 
— average leachate BOD/COD ratio: s0,3. 
— gas production rate: >5 mJ't.a. 
— There shall be a system for collection and removal from site of any surplus leachate. This shall be sized 
on the basic of agreed water balance calculations, taking into account both infiltrating rainfall and the 
liquid content of the landfillcd wastes. 
6.3. Suitable and unsuitable wastes 
6.3.1. The following wastes shall not be joindy disposed: 
— wastes mentioned in Article 9 of the Directive 
— acid tars 
— immisdble organic solvents or aqueous waste containing > 1 % immisdble organics 
— water misdble organic solvents with concentrations > 10% 
— wastes which react violendy with water or organic matter 
— asbestos (') 
— wastes containing significant concentrations (*) of following compounds: 
— PCBs tc PCTs (oorychlorinated bi-and terphenyU) >50 ppb (*) 
— TCDDs (teuaduoiodibengodioxin) > 10 ppb for isomer 2,3,7,8 
— PCNs (polychlorinated naphtalenes) > 50 ppm total (4) 
— PAH (polyaromatk hydrocarbons) > 20 ppm 
— organometaluc compounds (totally exduded} 
— chlorinated hydrocarbons (induding chlorophenols) > 1 ppm 
— pesticides >2 ppm 
— free cyanides > 10 ppm. 
6.3.2. The following wastes (') may be joindy-disposed, subject to individual assessment and loading rate 
restrictions on specific components: 
— industrial effluent treatment sludges 
—- biological treatment sludges 
— add sludges, 
— interceptor wastes and tank sludges 
— paint wastes and spray booth effluents 
— alkaline degreasams 
— detergents, fats and greases in water 
— adhesive wastes 
— tannery and fellmongcring wastes 
— brewery wastes 
— animal and food industry wastes 
— metal finishing wastes 
— adds/alkalis 
— cutting oils/cooling oils 
(') Exduded because of the risks poted by excavation during joint-disposal. 
(*) Tl»e^M|^fkamoo«KXi»aùoQ'6cuc« are extracted from EEC directives^ 
and orgationecaOk compounds; nom the Dutch legisbcion (fsodemvcronacuugiiig—Toetsiagswaanseavoordebcoordding 
van de conccntratientvcaus van diverse verontreuugingen; for PCNs, PAHs, chlorinated hydrocarbons, pesticides and free 
cyanides. This values should be rotted by a special Committee. 
{') Part per billion,or »f'kgoodf% extract,etc. T,*w'. 
(*) Part per autJioa, or ng/kg 09 drjr extract, «e. . • . lX 
(') TlK*ta«iiocextuti*àve,but6*sedoaryocsc4wasces 
solutions excluded!). '•''{•"' '*'•' '''4^ï 
- 25 
6.4. Loading rates 
For hazardous wastes to be jointly disposed with municipal wasre, their rate of deposition will be limited by 
the attenuation capacity of the accepting bulk of municpai waste. AJthough general guidelines can be 
given, the loading inevitably will be sit specific. Effective monitoring of the conditions in the landfill 
provide the best guidance for setting appropriate loading races. 
Loading raies ar normally quoted as a quantity of hazardous waste which may be deposited either in a given 
period ieg. as per m " of municipal waste per day), or related with a given quannry of the accepting bulk [eg. 
as g per m' of municipal waste* for a once-only base filling. This is the loading or rate which could be 
degraded or attenuated by a unit volume ;'•) of methar.ogenic refuse. The landfill loading potential should 
then be applied to the reaction zone volume to derive a total loading limit for the sue. 
The loading rate controls shall apply to wastes containing: acids, heavy metals, cyanides, sulublc organic 
carbon, phenols and other prescribed organic compounds. Ammonia and chloride inputs shall also be 
assessed, on die basis that all of the applied loading will appear in the leachate. Applied loadings must not 
lead to the capacity of leachate treatment and disposal systems being exceeded. 
Default values (as mentioned in the criteria values given hereunder) are to be applied for the calculation of 
the maximum landfill loading potential, unless siie/waste-specific data submitted by the operator justify 
higher loadings. 
Criteria for calculating landfill potentials 
Waste component 
acids (') 
heavy metals (2) (') 
Zn 
Cu 
Ni 
a 
pb 
Cd 
Hg 
As, Se 
cyanide (as CN) 
phenol 
oil/hydrocarbons 
TOC 
specified organics {") Default value 
100 equiv./tonne of munidpal waste 
100 g/toone of munidpal waste 
100 g/tonne of munidpal waste 
100 g/tonne of municipal waste 
100 g/tonne of munidpal waste 
100 g/tonne of municipal waste 
100 g/tonne of munidpal waste 
10 g/tonne of munidpal waste 
2 g/tonne of munidpal waste 
1 g/tonne of munidpd waste 
1 g/m' of munidpal waste, per day (J) 
5 g/mJ of munidpal waste, per day («) 
24 kg/tonne of munidpal waste 
10 g/m* of municipal waste, per day (T) 
10 g'mJ of municipal waste, per day 
{') Loading» to be calculated on a once-only basis, unless site monitoring in reaction zone demonstrates regeneration 
of butter capacity. Acids shall be deposited in a separate area from wastes containing cyanide or sulphide. 
{*) Loadings to be calculated on a once-only basts. A prior precipitation test shall be applied to any waste containing 
> 100 mg/1 soluble heavy metals. This should consist of a pH adjustment to 10.5, mixing for five minutes, 
followed by settlement for 30 minutes, lithe soluble metal content then exceeds 20 mg/1 the waste shall not be 
jowdy disposed unless the operator can provide practical evidence to show its anenuariocts in refuse. 
(') The maximum default value for the total of heavy metals shall not surpass die 100 g/tonne of municipal 
waste. 
{*) Organic compounds of List 1 from the Directive 80'68/EEC on groundwater. 
(') Unless site/waste-specific data on particular wastes show then» to be completely degraded. No waste containing 
> mg'I as soluble CN shall be joindy disposed. 
(*) Unless site monitoring shows the rcactton tone ability to degrade completely the phenols. 
(*) Unless specific data on particular wastes show them to be highly dcgradablc. 
(*; The reaaioo zone volume^» that portion of leachaic-saturated refuse with which die joindy-disposed waste will come into ,;; 
oontaa cither dirccdyo^durfaig leachate rccircuU •::•; 
months for applied liquid wastes and tor leachate from jenody disposed sol»d hazardous waste. • ••. :\>. ;••;•: .• •••?% 
- 26 
6.5. Momioring adherence to loading controls 
For adds, heavy metals, TOC. oil. phenols, cyanide, ammonia and chloride, control shall be based on 
retrospective analysis of composite samples from ai' inputs. The frequency of such analysis shall be related 
10 the hydraulic retention time HK.T- :n the reaction ionc, as follows: 
— HRT > 12 months, analyse monthly. 
— HRT < 12 months, analyse 2-weekly. 
The leachate monitoring regime shall be prescribed in the site permit to be sufficiently detailed as to detect 
any effects which would indicate overloading of the reaction zone. This would include both detection of 
residua! waste components and interference with the established methanogentc processes. 
6.6. Hazardous solid wastes 
A composite sample between 1 and 2,5 kg shall be prepared by mixing 1 kg subsamples from each load of 
hazardous solid waste. The composite shall then be subjected to a leaching test as described in H1.4. The 
duatc shall then be analyzed for all parameters listed in the table of $ 6.4 (induding spedfied organks). 
Loadings to the site shall then be assessed on the basis of the mass of readry soluble components. The 
frequency of analysis shall be rdated to the hydraulic retention time as given in $ 6.5. 
7. Intercalibratioo 
The qualified laboratories as designated in Artide 12 (4} of this Directive shall partidpace periodically in 
intercalibrarion exercises in order to update and improve the accuracy and precision of die control 
procedures and analytical methods. 
ANNEX JV 
CONTROL PROCEDURES IN OPERATION AND AFTER-CARE PHASES 
Measuring Programme 
This minimum programme shall be carried out durmg the c^>erational phase as an aid m the general m^iugement of 
the landfill, and during the after care phase for a minimum of 30 years after the definhivedc«sure to prevent furdier 
damage to rhe landfill body or to die environment and to ensure that the site remains safe. The data obtained during 
long periods of time and for different sites will contribute to increase the knowledge on waste behaviour in 
landfills. 
1. Meteorological data 
In situ, or from the nearest station providing data representative of the site (M. 
1.1 
1.2 
1.3 
1.4 
1.5 Operating phase After-care phase 
Volume and intensity of precipitation 
Temperature *min„ max., 
14.00 h CET; 
Direction and force 
of prevalent wind 
Evaporation (lysirneter) {*} 
Atmospheric humidity (14.00 h CET) daily 
daily 
daily 
! daily 
{ daily ! ] monthly on die 
: V same day 
1 j of the month 
I 
(•; Or by measuring^parameter 1.5 and calculation of evaporation according to Haudc. 
. . _^ . — _- _™~~_ __™„__ _. ; _ . ; • 
Ci Parameter! 1.1 to l.J can be replaced by die Veffeotivc rainfall*, provided by some local network. ••'ri^^!^)^^]^^làl!;::/, •/•£*jl.-•*«'• 
- 27 
Emission data: water, leachate and gas control 
Sampling. For leachate and runoff water, a 10 litre global sample, representa^ve of the average 
composition, should be available each month for monitoring. Reference: General guidelines on sampling 
technology. ISO 566*"-2 U988 . 
Opcr*<•:.-.g phase After-care phase 
2.1 Lc-iohjte volume dail v sum vasue 
2.2 Leachate 
composition v: 
Surface runoff water 
composition 
2.4 • Gas emissions 
! (CM,, CO,, O,, HaS, H, etc.) monthly t-} 
•monthly (*) 
monthly (*) (') everv 6 months 
: everv 6 months 
every 6 months 
every 6 months idem (4) 
(•} The parameters to be measured and the substances to be analyzed vary according to the composition of die waste 
deposited; they must be laid down in the permit document and correlated to the eluate criteria erf the landfilled waste*. 
Those chosen for the leachate should be such thai estimates of the influence of the leachaa on the t>arrier at d>e base of 
the landfill can be made from die annual evaluations. 
(*) The measures and analysis shall be carried out at least once a month during the first year of operation. If the evaluation 
of data indicates that longer intervals are equally effective, they may be increased to a maximum of three months. 
ConduenvKv must always be measured at least once a month. 
('} CH., CO*. Ox regularly; other gases as required, according to the competition of the waste deposited. 
(4) Efficiency of «he gas drainage layer must be checked regularly. i 
Protection of groundwater 
A. Sampling 
The number and location of the groundwater measuring points shall be laid down in the permit document; 
at least one measuring point shall be set up in the groundwater inflow region (0 levd) and two in the outflow 
region. Reference value before starting in operation: A complete analysis, to be used as initial reference 
value, should be carried out at least at three locations. Reference: Sampling Groundwaters, Project for an 
international norm, draft. ISO/TC 147 SC6,1988. 
B. Monitoring 
The substances to be analyzed shall be bid down on the basis of the leachate composition determined in the 
operating phase. Spedal surveillance shall be made on the concentrations of the substances taken into 
account in the annex (lists 1 and 2} of Council Directive 80/68/EEC on the protection of groundwater 
against poliunon caused by certain dangerous substances. 
For the substances of list 2 of Coundl Directive 80/68/EEC, and for groundwaters in use or usable as 
sources of drinkwater. the MAC values shall be those given in Council Directive 80 /778 / EEC on water for 
human consumption and the analytical methods, those proposed in the Annexes of the Directive. 
Operating phase After-care phase 
Levels of groundwater 
Groundwater composition every 6 months (*) 
every 6 months every 6 months 
every 6 months 
{*} If there are weaving groundwater levels the imervalls shall be decreased. 
For continuous monitoring^ tracer parameters or components can be used, decided in function of the 
original characteristics of the groundwater (0 level) and of the composition of the leachate. ;-->v\;:>-.\ •-. • 
ORIGINAL TEXT 28 -
AMENDED TEXT 
Watcrbalance 
Although the calculation of the water balance only has a theoretical value, it can be often a very convenient 
parameter for practical management purposes, dunng the operating phase. Frequency: twice a year 
April— October:. The measurement of parameters 1.1 to 1.5 meteorological da:a', combined with the 
measurement of parameter 2.1 ieachate volume, in emission data', permits the estimation of die annual 
water balance in ihe landfill. A convenient calculation method for a landfill in operation phase could 
be: 
L, = 1-E-aVC 
with. 
Lo = free leachate retained at the site .equivalent to leachate production minus leachate leaving the site', m 
m1-annum; 
1 = total liquid input [precipitation plus liquid waste, plus any surface water inflow], in mVannum; 
E = evapotranspirative losses (evaporation plus minimal transpiration), in m'/annum; 
a = absorptive capadtyf} of the waste, in m'/tonne of waste received; 
W = weight of waste deposited, in tonnes/annum. 
The effectiveness of the attenuating mechanisms in reducing pollution risks to an acceptable level both 
within the landfill and in the underlying strau, implies theoretically that the site is operated so that *U is 
negative or zero. An increasing positive value for L« implies leachate build-up in the site. 
Topography of the site: data on the landfill body 
5.1. 
S.2. • Operating phase • After-care phase 
Structure and composition of landfill body (*) - I yearly 
Seeding behaviour of die levd of die landfill body yearly yearly reading 
V Data for the status plan of the concerned landfill: surface occupied by «vaste, volume jnd composition of waste, 
methods of depositing, time and duration of depositing, procrfofstabiluy«'d»ebodycrfth«Undfifl,cakuUtk>nofthe 
depositing capacity soil available at the landfill. 
ANNEXIVa 
A model for the fiche for the data to be provided on each 
landfill as required in Artide 19 of this Directive is to be 
drawn up in accordance with the procedure of Article 18 
of Directive 75/442/EEC no later than six months before 
the date of implementation of this Directive. 
This fiche shall be included in the annexes of this 
Directive. 
I* ' Absorptive capacity: The maximum amount of liquid taken up and retained by unit weight of solid wider specified 
conditions; usually the amount of kqutd retained by unit weight of refuse m a landfill before leachate is emitted (or 
practically die residual humidity at the time of sampling;. 
n 
ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(93) 275 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 14 05 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-93-305-EN-C 
ISBN 92-77-56729-5 
Office for Officiai Publications of the European Conimunities 
1^2985 Luxembourg