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DOCUMENTS "COM"
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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITI
final
Brussels,23rdMay1979
I™•?.'/ ir=nU–jp*V? tol
A\0 >V 4V\c°^vy >*7
THECOMMON POLICY INTHEFIELDOFSCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGY
(Communication fromtheCommission totheCouncil)
COM(79)281final

SOMMAIRE
A.RESUME
B.LAPOLITIQUE COMMUNE DANS LEDOMAINE DELARECHERCHE ETDELATECHNOLOGIE
Introduction
I. Lesobjectifs etLes critères desélection
II. Programmes
III .Modalités
IV. Liaison des programmes CEEavec lesprogrammes nationaux
V. Coopération internationale
VI. Diffusion des connaissances ,valorisation des résultats et
évaluation delarecherche etdudéveloppement
VII . Financement delarecherche eteffectifs
VIII .Perspectives
Annexes
C.ANNEXES :
-Fiche financière
-Calendrier

RESUME
Laprésente communication aétéélaborée envueduprochain
Conseil Recherche .Elle fournit des informations visant àmettre
enlumière l'état actuel dudéveloppement delapolitique commune
dans ledomaine delascience etdelatechnologie etàprésenter
une vue d'ensemble detoutes les actions derecherche encours ou
prévues pour lapériode1977-1980 etdeleur place dans une
stratégie cohérente .D'autre part ,elle esquisse quelques perspec­
tives dedéveloppement delapolitique commune deR&Dpour la
période1981-1985.
Cedocument estdestiné àfaciliter ledébat général sur les
politiques nationales etcommunautaire deR&D,débat qui selon la
Commission devrait :
-confirmer lesgrandes lignes delapolitique deR&Dactuellement
poursuivies ,ainsi que lespriorités retenues ,
-fournir des informations utiles àlaCommission pour lapréparation
delaprochaine phase dudéveloppement delapolitique commune de
R&D .

THECOMMON POLICY INTHEFIELD OFSCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGY
Communication bytheCommission totheCouncil

INTRODUCTION
Initsresolution of14January 1974,theCouncilagreedtothepro­
gressive development ofacommonpolicyinthefieldofscience and
technology .Thedecision resulted fromtherealization thatEuropewould
onlybesuccessful inthefutureifitrecognized thekeyroleofre­
searchandtechnology increating theconditions foritscontinued ,in­
dependent existence andifitcouldfullydevelop andutilizethisca­
pacity.Inthesameresolution ,theCouncilspecified thatduring1976,
conclusions shouldbedrawnontheexperiences gainedduringthisfirst
phase.Therefore threeyearsfollowing thecommittment toarealcommon
policyinthefieldofscience andtechnology ,theCommission presented
inJune1977,theguidelines tothispolicyfortheperiod1977-1980.
Thepresent communication hasbeenelaborated attherequestofthe
Councilinthelightoftheforthcoming Research Council .Itprovides
information whichhighlights thecurrentstateofdevelopment ofthe
commonpolicyinthefieldofscience andtechnology andpresents anover­
viewofalltheresearch actionseitherunderway orplannedfortheperiod
1977-1980andtheirroleinthedevelopment ofacoherent strategy .It
isparticularly intended tofacilitate thegeneraldiscussion onnational
andcommunity RSDpolicies whichtheCommission feelsshould
-approvethemainguidelines ofthecurrentR&Dpolicyandthe
selectedpriorities ;
-providetheCommission withrelevant information forthepreparation
ofthenextphaseofthedevelopment ofthecommonR&Dpolicy.

I.GENERAL OBJECTIVES ANDSELECTION CRITERIA
1.TheCommonPolicyinScienceandTechnology isaligned
ontheCommunity'ssectorial policies .
Itsobjectives accordwiththepolitical aimsofthe
Community andrelatetofourmainareas:
-longtermsecuring andconservation ofresources (raw
materials ,energy,agriculture ),
~promotion oftheeconomic development oftheEECsoasto
makeitinternationally competitive ,
-theimprovement oflivingandworkingconditions intheEEC,
-protection oftheenvironment andnature.
2.TheMemberStatesaccordpriority tothesesamebroadly
basedobjectives forthedefinition ofnational programmes .
TheCommonpolicytherefore notonlygivesadditional weight
totheeffortsoftheCommunity countries butalsoallows
toorganize thecoordination ofthenationalactivities in
theframeofprogrammes givenpriority atCommunity level.
3.Thefollowing criteria haveprovedreliableforthepurpose
ofselecting common RSDactivities :
-theproject cannotbeundertaken bytheindividual Member
States,sinceitentailscosts_wh2£h_are_too_hi^h interms
ofeithermoneyorstaff(fusion);
-theimplementation ofprojects atCommunity levelresults
ing££a;fc££_ef fici.enc^orrationslization,e.g.,becausethe
research teamsarescattered overawideareaintheMember
Statesandareofsubcortical si_ze(certainsectorsofmedical
research,townplanning,socialresearch);
-therearecornmon_regui rementsatCommunity levelwhichnecessitate
commonactionprojects (e.g.intheenvironmental sectorandin
thefieldsofnuclearsafety,referencejnaterials andradiation
protection ;

-activities whichtheCommunity hasanimportant roleto
playincoordinating_or_st imu].ating(e.g.,inpromoting
thedevelopment ofnewsourcesofenergy,energysaving
andtheconservation ofrawmaterials);
-research andtechnology projects requireicaDSDitisna^
E£2i§£t_structures (e.g.,intransport,information and
documentation ortelecommunications ).
PROGRAMMES
4.Thewidevariation ofEC-programmes (Tables 1and2)derives
fromthisoverallstrategy .Thefollowing sectionswillexplain
justhowtheprogrammes alreadyadopted bytheCouncil andthose
whichareinpreparation ,ariseoutofthisoverallconcept.
FIRSTMAINAREA
5.Long-term securing andconservation ofresource s
(Approximately 72%offinancial resources in1978)
Thisincludes :
energy
rawmaterials
agriculture .
6.Themainemphasis isontheenergysector(68,6%ofresearch
fundsin1978).Theobjectives ofRSDpolicyarelinkedto
theaimsofCommunity energypolicy.Allpossible energyoptions
mustbekeptopenforthefutureandthe©<ploitation ofexisting
indigenous energysources mustbeoptimized .Thiswouldinvolve,
inparticular ,greater useofdomestic sourcesofcoal.Itis
necessary toguarantee thatnuclear energycanbeutilized safely
andreliably ;inthisfield,Community research isprincipally
concerned withthetransnational areas,reactorsafetyandthe
development ofsage,commonsolutions forthefuelcycle.New
sourcesofenergy,too,mustbedeveloped,particularly fusion
energy,solarenergy,geothermal energy,butalsopotential new

-3-
energyvectorssuchashydrogen.Lastly,energyresearchlays
particular emphasis onenergysaving.
Programmes :
Coal -operational safety
inmining**
-miningtechnology **
-upgrading ofcoal+*Selection criteria :
COMMON REQUIREMENTS :
Safetyatplaceofwork,increase
of.productivity andconservation
ofproduction ;betterutilization
ofcoalandbyproducts
Nuclear-Plutonium recycling
energy -Management andsto­
rageofradioactive
waste
-Reactorsafety
-Decommissioning of
nuclearinstallations
-Codesandstandards
forfastbreeders*
-Plutonium fuelsand
research onactinide
-Management ofnuclear
materialsCOMMON REQUIREMENTS :
Thesafetyofnuclear power
plantsandfuelcyclefacili­
tiesareamatterofCommunity
priority ;guarantee ofulti­
matestoragefortheCommunity ;
COORDINATION
Newsources
ofenerqy-Controlled thermo­
nuclear fusion
-JET(JointUnder­
taking)
-Solarenergy
-Geothermal energy
-Utilization of
hydrogenCOSTS,GREATER EFFICIENCY :
Division oflabour,common
useoftestrigsatEEClevel
(STIMULATION ,SUBCRITICAL
TEAMS)
Energy
saving -Energysaving
-Energymodelling
andsystemsanalysisSTIMULATION ,COORDINATION
7.Theaimasregards rawmaterials (2,3%offinancial resources in
1978)istoincrease thepotential forself-sufficiency andtosave
rawmaterials bymeansofrecycling ,substitution andproductplanning .
Research makesamedium-andlong-term contribution toindustrial
andeconomic policy.
♦SenttotheCouncilbutnotyetapproved .
Research according toart.55oftheECSCtreaty

-4-
Programmes :
Primary rawmaterials
Exploration andex­
traction ofUranium
Paperandboardre­
cycling
Recycling ofurban
andindustrial waste
(secondary rawma­
terials )*Selection criteria :
EFFICIENCY :avoidance of
duplication ofactivities ,
COMMON REQUIREMENTS :inten­
sification ofsearchfor
domestic deposits,combi­
nationofSUBCRITICAL TEAMS,
STIMULATION ,COORDINATION
8.Lastly,futureresearch inagriculture <1,1Aoffinancial re­
sourcesin1978)willmainlybeconcerned withtheefficient
utilization oflandforregional development andareduction
oftheuseofpesticides andfertilizers <whichagainmustbe
viewedinthelightofenergysavingandtheenvironment ,the
effectsofintensive agricultural activity onsoilstructures
andthewaterbalance,theeconomical useofanimalfeeding-
stuffsandimproved animalnutrition .Theseaspectsofcommon
agricultural research aredesigned tocontribute totheachieve­
mentoftechnological progress,although notattheexpenseof
theenvironment ortheconsumer .Itiscertainthatfutureagri­
cultural research programmes intheCommunity willalsohaveto
takeaccountoftheproblems ofthedeveloping countries .Inthis
contextteledetecti onofagricultural resources isofparticular
interest .
Programmes :
-Coordination of
agricultural
research
-Foodtechnology
-Teledetection of
agricultural and
WaterresourcesCOMMUN REQUIREMENTS :
contribution tothesolu­
tionoftheproblems of
European agricultural po­
licy,GREATER EFFICIENCY ,
STIMULATION .
SECOND MAINAREA
Competitive economic development
<14,1%offinancial resources in1978)
9.Thetraditional industrial structures areundergoing rapidchange.
Manyindustrial sectorsareswitching production tolow-wage
countries .TheexportofEuropean capital goodswillfurther
strengthen thisdevelopment .Thissituation callsforthede­
velopment ofnewtechnology -andresearch-intensive industries .
*SenttotheCouncilbutnotyetapproved .
!*•Asecondprogramme isinpreparation .

-5-
Preparatory workonimpartingtoEuropeanindustryanew
drivingforceforthefuturemustbegintoday.Thereisstrong
pressurefrominternational competition,particularly onthe
partoftheUSanJapan,inthefieldofadvancedtechnology-
intensiveindustriessuchasdataprocessing andelectronics .
TheonlychancefortheCommunityinthisareaisanintensi­
ficationofitsindustrialresearchefforts.Thiswillrequire
adivisionoflabourforthecoordination ofwhich,incertain
areas,theCommunityistheappropriate instrument.Theresearch
areasconcernedareofatransnational character,requiringa
largemarketfortheirsales,e.g.electronicdataprocessing,
aeroauticsandelectronicmeasuringinstruments .Itisbecoming
increasingly advisabletotakeaccountofresearchactivities
resultingfromchangedconditionsofeconomicgrowth.Theecono­
micalutilisation ofenergyandrawmaterialsandenvironmentally
acceptablemanufacturing processeshavebecomeanecessity.
Programmes : Selectioncriteria:
Advanced COMMONREQUIREMENTS :
technologies -Dataprocessing competitivenessatinter­
-Aeronautics * nationallevel,intro­
ductionofnewtechnolo-
Conventional gicalprocesses,promo-
technologies -Textilesresearch tionofinnovation,
-Footwearindustry servicesatEEClevel,
-Ceramicsindustry**TRANSNATIONAL PROJECT
-CommunityBureau (market)STRUCTURES
ofReferences
THIRDMAINAREA
Improvement oflivingandworkingconditions
(6,7%offinancialresourcesin1978)
10.Thepresentquestioning oftheroleofresearchpolicyisclosely
relatedtothefactthatitsdevelopmenttodatehasbeenlargely
independent ofsocialrequirements .R&Dpolicyinthepost-war
yearsconcentrated onspectacularlarge-scaleprojects,social
problemscametobeneglected.Asasubject,societymustbecome
anindependent areaofresearch.
Concerted-action projectsinthefieldofmedicalresearchand
townplanningarethefirstrelevantactionsinthisrespect.
Theprogrammerelatingtobiologyandradiationprotectionmust
beconsidered inthiscontext.
*SenttotheCouncilbutnotyetapproved
IInpreparation

11.Manybranches ofthesocialsciences arestillattheinitial
stageoftheirdevelopment .Research teamsaredispersed and
donotcollaborate atEClevel.Problems,however,donotstop
atnationalfrontiers .Empirical material,whichisinsufficient
atthelevelofindividual MemberStatesishowevernecessary
inordertoobtaincomparable researchresults.Infuture,social
research canandmustcontribute toabetterassessment ofim­
portantquestions bythepoliticians intheCommunity institutions
andintheParliaments andGovernments oftheMemberStates.A
commonsocialresearch programme isbeingprepared .
Programmes : Selection criteria :
-Medicalresearch*COMMONREQUIREMENTS :
-Radiobiology and Interests transcending
radiation pro- nationalfrontiers ,
tection EFFICIENCY :comparative
-Townplanning material fromasingle
countryisinadequate ,
combination ofSUBCRITICAL
PROJECTS
FOURTH MAINAREA
Protection andconservation oftheenvironment andnature
(5,2%offinancial resources in1978)
12.Ourfutureisthreatened bythedevastation oftheenvironment .
Measures mustbetakentolimitorobviate ^suchdangers.In1973,
theCommunity adopted acommonenvironment al_go^ic^.Itisjusti­
fiedbytheinternational natureoftheproblems posedandthe
needtoavoideffects aimedatonthefreemovement ofgoodsand
freecompetition intheCommunity ,whichcouldresultfromiso­
lateduncoordinated measures atnational level.Thispolicymust
bebasedonasolidscientific andtechnical foundation andfor
thisreasontheCommunity hasbeenconducting researchactivities
inthefieldofenvironmental protection since1973.Theyrelate
totheinvestigation ofpollution mechanisms andeffectsofen­
vironmental pollution onmanandtheenvironment bymeansofepi­
demiological studies andecological andtoxological research,as
wellasthedevelopment ofanti-pollution andcleantechnologies .
*Thesecondmedical research programme hasbeensenttotheCouncil

-7-
Theyinclude,forexample,concerted actioninthefieldof
treatment anduseofsewagesludge.Thereisalsoaproposal
forresearchinthefieldofclimatology aimedatimproving
theforecasts ofthelong-term effectsofhumanactivities on
theclimate,andatdeveloping |newmodels.
Programmes : Selection criteria :
-Environmental COMMON REQUIREMENTS :
protection interests transcending
-Atmospheric national frontiers ;
pollution STIMULATION ANDCOORDINATION
-Orgamc micro-
pollution inwater
-Pollution intheiron
andsteelindustry
-Treatment anduseof
sewagesludge
-Climatology *
000
00
13.Therearefinallytobementioned horizontal andinfrastructure
activities (1,3%offinancial resources in .indeed,typical
tasksforcommonresearch arisefromthegeneral ,political de­
velopment oftheCommunity andinthecontextofscience andtech­
nologysincetheyeitherrequire commoninfrastructures orde­
rivefromacommonneed:
Programmes :
Scientific and
technical in­
formation anddocu­
mentation (EURONET )
Automatic translation
Dataprocessing
Operation ofHFR-
reactor
TrainingSelection criteria :
COMMON REQUIREMENTS OF
ALLMEMBER STATES;EFFI­
CIENCY
III.MODALITIES
14.Inaccordance withitsobjective ,theCommunity ismainlycon­
cernedwithappliedresearch .Threemodalities ,whichhaveproved
successful andshouldberetained,areavailable fortheimple-
*SenttotheCouncilbutnotyetapproved .

mentation ofCommunity actionprojects :
-directaction
-indirect action
-concerted action.
2l£Ê££_â£i 1on
Directactioninvolves independent Community research con­
ductedbytheCommunity 'sownresearchstaffinthefour
research establishments oftheJointResearch Centre.TheJRC
hasitsownspecific rolewithintheCommonPolicyinScience
andTechnology .Itcanbesummarized asfollows :
a)Theexecution ofprogrammes ofa"central"nature:the
concentration oftheJRConresearch activities -which
justifytheestablishment ofabroadresearch potential
atCommunity level,-whichcallforthecentralization
offacilities orfunctions (e.g.bythecreation oflarge-
scaleinstaIlations),-inwhichtheJRCcanactasafocal
pointorcatalyst forco-ordination atCommunity level-
andfinallyinwhichitcanpromotetheapplication ofnew
technologies throughout theCommunity .
b)Theperformance ofa.public servicerole:theJRCisdeveloping
V –-
thisbymeetingtheneedsofGovernment organizations ,universi­
tiesandindustry forspecialized equipment ,know-how,products
and.services .Asignificant factorinthisrespectistheinde­
pendentposition oftheJRCanditsimpartial judgment .
c)Theprovision ofservices totheCommission :theJRCcanact
astheCommission 'sowntoolintheprovision toitofscienti­
ficandtechnical expertise andsupportintheformulation and
implementation ofthesectoral policies oftheCommunities .An
important newdevelopment inthisrespectisthecontribution
whichtheJRCcanmaketoscientific andtechnical co-operation
withthedeveloping countries withinthedevelopment policies
oftheCommunity .

-9-
Inçhreçt_aç£i2Qi
16.Indirect actionconcerns .research onacontract basisat
Community Levelinvolving publicresearch institutes or
privateindustrial undertakings inalltheMemberStates.
Onaverage,onlyhalfthecostsofeachproject arefinanced
fromCommunity resources .Indirect contract research isan
important instrument ofcoordination .Becauseofthegeneral
andspecific selection criteria applicable toCommunity pro­
grammes,itmakespossible R&Dactivities whichcouldnot
alwaysbeconducted insuchaformintheindividual Member
States.Inparticular ,itprovides theopportunity ofemploying
theexisting research groupsandlaboratories intheMember
Statesandofassembling themostcompetent research teamsat
anytime.
Çoncerted action
17.Asregardsconcerted-action projects,theoverall programme is
definedatCommunity level.Theindividual elements ofthepro­
grammeareintroduced andfullyfinanced bytheMemberStates
whoareresponsible fortheirexecution .TheCommission coordi­
natestheactivities involved andensures^anexchangeofinfor­
mation.Insuitable cases,concerted actionmakesitpossible
tosecureeffective coordination foralowlevelofexpenditure .
18.Therearenofirmrulesconcerning therelationship ofthethree
different modalities ofresearch .Theycanoperatetotheir
reciprocal enrichment .Forexample,theworkperformed undera
concerted-action project cangiverisetoindirect-action pro­
jectswithgreaterCommunity involvement .Inthiswayconcerted-
actionprojects canprovide aneffective andinexpensive test
fortheinvestigation ofnewresearch programmes .Thethree
different formsofactionmustbecoordinated .Thesetting-up
ofjointprogramme committees fordirect-andindirect-action
projects (wheretheserunconcurrently )hasprovedsuccessful
andistobecontinued .
ooo
oo

-10-
19.Inregardtothesemodalities twofundamentally different levelsof
actionmustbedistinguished .Thefirstlevelisthatofactualresearch
withspecific objectives .Thisinvolves theJCR,withitsresearch workers
andlaboratories ,andresearch innational laboratories ,whether
publicorprivate.Withinthescopeofgeneralresearchobjectives ,
everyresearchinstitute,andparticularly theJCR,hasaspecific
roletoplay.Thesecondlevelofactioninvolves theorganization
ofcooperation ,andthejointplanning andcoordination oftheactivities
oftheindividual research teams.Thisistheappropriate areaforin­
directandconcerted action.Itbringstogether research teamsfrom
thevariouscentres andlaboratories intheCommunity countries and
fromtheJCR.
Bothlevelsarenecessary ,although different ,elements ofthecoherent
common RSDpolicy.
IV.THEEECPROGRAMMES INRELATION TONATIONAL PROGRAMMES
20.Thefourmainaimsofcommonresearch arelargelyreflected inthe
objectives ofnational research policies andactivities .Itfollowsthat
therearetwoaspectsintherelationship betweentheCommunity pro-
grammmes and-national programmes :
(a)TheCommunity programmes combinepartsofthenationalprogrammes
intoacoordinated wholeatCommunity Levelandtheresultsof
thisresearchareofbenefitandimportance totheMemberStates
andtheCommunity.Theproportion ofcoordination oftheR&D
activities oftheMemberStatesvarieswiththeareainquestion
(fusion100A,solarenergy20-20%,environment 15-20%).
(b)Activities withaspecific Community objective suchastheharmoni­
zationofstandards atCommunity levelcomplement thecorresponding
national research .
Inbothareas(a)and(b),theJointResearch Centrehastaskscorres­
pondingtoitsspecific role.
Community research doesnotcoverthefieldofbasicresearch,since,in
thenatureofthings,thisareaisnotaCommunity specific task,more­
over,theEuropean Science Foundation assumesresponsibilities for
coordination ona'largerEuropean basis.

-11-
V.INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
21.International cooperation is,andwillremain,animportant element
inCommunity research.InthefirstphaseofcommonR&Dpolicy,it
waspossible toconsolidate anddevelopcooperation withtheCOST
countries (Western European countries whicharenotmembersoftheEC).
Cooperation commenced withthedeveloping countries ,particularly the
Lomecountries ,theMahgreb andtheMashreq andalsowithsomenon-
associated countries (India,etc).
Furtherstimulus wasgiventocooperation withthemajornon-European
industrial countries ,particularly theUSandCanada.
TheCommunity maintains closecontactwiththeinternational organi­
zations:theUNanditssubsidiary organizations suchasUNESCO,ECE,
IAEA,FAO,UNEP,WHO,andtheOECD,including theIEA,NEAandESF.
Inparticular ,theCommission hasbeenindstrumented incoordinating
thecontributions oftheMemberStatestoUNCSTD+iAnactionprogramme
onbehalfofdeveloping countries atCommunity levelisincourseof
preparation .Finallyshouldbementioned thecontactswithESA.
DISSEMINATION OFINFORMATION ,UTILIZATION OFRESULTS ANDEVALUATION OFR&D
22.Inrecentyears,theCommunity hastakenallnecessary steps
activelytopromotethedissemination andutilization ofin­
formation .Theforthcoming establishment ofEURONETisa
landmarkinthisrespect.Asregardsthemonitoring ofsuccess
(evaluation ofresearchactivities),investigations havebeen
introduced fortheevaluation oftheRS0activities atCom­
munitylevel.Afirstexampleistheevaluation schemeestab-
+)UN: UnitedNations
UNESCO:UnitedNationsEducational ,Scientific andCulturalOrganization
ECE:Economic Commission forEurope
IAEA:International AtomicEnergyAgency
FAO:FoodandAgricultural Organization
UNEP:UnitedNations Environment Programme
WHO:WorldHealthOrganization
OECD:Organization forEconomicCooperation andDevelopment
IEA:International EnergyAgency
NEA:Nuclear EnergyAgency
ESF:European ScienceFoundation
UNCSTD:UnitedNationsConference onScienceandTechnology forDe­
velopment
ESA:European SpaceAdministration

-12-
LishedfortheactivitiesoftheJointResearchCentre(JRC)•
thisschemeisbasedontheestablishment ofsemi-annualre­
portsontheprogressofresearch.Asfarastheindirect
actionsareconcerned,theservicesoftheCommissionareexa­
miningwiththehelpoftheAdvisoryCommittiesfortheManage­
mentofProgrammes (ACPM)thevariousmethodesinviewoftheir
possibleadaptiontothecharacteristics oftheindividualpro­
grammes.
Finally,concerningtheevaluationforthedecision-maker,the
Commissionservicesarestudyingthevariousmethodsapplied
orenvisagedwithintheMemberStatesinviewoftheirpossible
adoptionatCommunitylevel.
VII.FINANCIAL RESOURCES ANDRESEARCH STAFF
(Table3and4)
23.In1974,whenthedevelopment ofactualCommunityR&Dpolicy
commenced,thefinancialresourcesavailabletoCommunityre­
searchamountedto0,9%ofpublicexpenditure forthispurpose
intheMemberStates.In1978,theytotalled1,8%.TheCommunity's
shareshouldincreasetoroughly2%in1979and1980.
Thispercentageshouldnotabscurethefactthatbyconcentrating
itscoordinating,stimulating andcatalyticeffectonanumberof
sectors,Communityresearchhasalreadybecomeanefficientin­
strumentproducingresultswhicharejudgedfavourably (Table3).
Table4givesdetailsoftheR&DstaffemployedbytheCommunity.
VIII.OUTLOOK
THEPRESENTPHASE1977-1980
24.In1979and1980,developmentwillcontinueinaccordancewith
theguidelineslaiddownbytheCommissionin1977.
Thecoordination atthelevelofnationalresearchpoliciesis
tobecontinuedandintensified .Itappliesmainlytheprovi­
sionandexchangeofinformation ofinterestandusetothe
MemberStatesandtheCommunity(CREST,comparisonofnational
R&Dpolicies).

-13-
Atproject Level,coordination isbeingcontinued inparticular
bymeansoftheindirect andconcerted actionprojects them­
selves.
25.By1980,asindicated intheguidelines 1977-1980,thefollo­
wingnewproposals forindirect actionprojects aretobesent
totheCouncilforthefirsttime:
-biomolecular engeneering
-socialresearch
-effectsofnon-ionizing radiation .
Inaddition anumberofproposals havealreadybeensubmitted
totheCouncilbuthavenotyetbeenapproved.Someofthem
arenewproposals ;
IndirectActionProjects :Climatology
Secondary rawmaterials
Codesandstandards forfastreactors
♦
Concerted ActionProjects :MedicalResearch
othersrelatetothecontinuation orrevisionofexisting
programmes :
Action- Mult(annuaIprogrammeoftheJointDirectAction. ResearchCentre(1980-1983)
indirectAction: Environmental research (revision)
Community Bureauof
References (continuation )
Newsourcesbfenergy (continuation )
Fusion (continuation )
Radioactive waste (continuation )
Plutonium cycleand^itssafety (continuation )
Radiobiology andhealth
protection (continuation )
*Secondmedicalresearchprogramme and.possibly athirdproposal

-14-
26.Inregardtoorganization andprocedurestwoproblemsarose:
OnewastheLargenumberofprogrammesundertaken;theindividual
programmethusmayinsomeinstancesappeartoconstituteinde­
pendentelementswithoutinternalcohesion.Inaddition,thestru-
turethuscreatedgivesrisetointernal,administrative andproce­
duraldifficulties .Ontheotherhand,evenemphasizedbythe
largenumberofindividualprogrammes,theslownessofCommunity
procedureshasoftenprovedtobeaseriousobstacle.
27.Remediesmustbefoundfortheseproblems:
(a)TheCommissionwillexaminethepossibility ofcom­
biningthelargenumberofindirectandconcerted
actionprojectsintolargerprogrammeunits.
(b)Atthesametime,acceptance mustbegainedforthe
"rollingprogramme"principleinordertoensurethe
continuityofresearchprogrammes.
THENEXTPHASE:1981-1985
28.TheCommissionispresentlypreparingthenextphasein
thedevelopment ofthecommonR&Dpolicy.Thiswilltake
accountoftheactualeconomicandtechnological development
oftheCommunityaswellastheexperiencegainedsince1974.
29.First,theCommissionconsidersthatduringthisnextphase
theprojectsconductedtodateorscheduledfor1977-80will
continuetoprovideoneofthebasesforthecommonR&D
policy.Asageneralrule,then,theseprojectsshouldbein­
tensifiedandextendedwhileatthesametimetheireffective­
nessshouldbeimprovedintermsofbothscientific andtech­
nicalresultsandcoordination ofnationalactivities .
30.Moreover,multisectoria1projectsshouldbedefinedand
proposedinordertotacklestrategicproblemsinviewofthe
longtermdevelopment oftheCommunity-concerningboththe
needsofsocietyaswellastheindustrialdevelopment .

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31.Lastly,thecommonR&Dpolicycaningeneral termshelpto
improvetheefficiency ofthe"European research system"by
stimulating scientific creativity intheCommunity andbyaiding
thesolution ofR&Dproblems commontoalltheMemberStates.
Inthiscontextitwillbeappropriate toexaminetowhatextent
Community actionwouldcontribute tothesolution oftheproblem
ofmobility ofresearchers (European Statut,intersectorial
mobility,temporary employment ...).Onecouldalsoenvisage
theattribution ofa"European Label"tocertainspecialized
national research centres (centres whowouldhavethetaskto
stimulate theexchange ofscientists andtoconstitute tem­
porarily european teams).