REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS - Tempus (Phare and Tacis) - Annual Report 1999

Table of contents

GLOSSARY

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 The origins of Tempus

1.2 Tempus I and II

2 MAIN FEATURES OF TEMPUS

2.1 Strategy: bottom-up approach with top-down orientation

2.2 Projects

2.2.1 Tempus Phare

2.2.2 Tempus Tacis

2.3 Management of the Programme

2.4 Monitoring

2.5 Budget

3 PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENTS IN 1999

3.1 Preparation for Tempus III

3.2 Exploitation of outputs

3.3 Management of projects

3.4. Tempus Information Points (TIPs) and National Tempus Offices (NTOs)

4 THE 1999 SELECTION ROUNDS

4.1 Overall Tempus budget

4.2 Tempus Phare budget

4.3 Tempus Phare deadlines

4.4 Tempus Phare selection results

4.4.1 Joint European Projects

4.4.2 Individual Mobility Grants

4.5 Tempus Tacis budget

4.6 Tempus Tacis deadlines

4.7 Tempus Tacis selection procedure

4.8 Tempus Tacis selection results

5 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

ANNEXES:

Annex 1 - Overall Statistics

Annex 2 - Fact sheets: Phare countries

Annex 3 - Fact sheets: Tacis countries

Annex 4 -Impact of Tempus, examples of projects

GLOSSARY

CME // Compact Measures (Tempus Phare)

CP // Compact Project (Tempus Tacis)

EC (the Commission) // European Commission

ETF (the Foundation) // European Training Foundation (Turin, Italy)

IMG // Individual Mobility Grant (Tempus Phare)

JEP // Joint European Project (Tempus Phare and Tacis)

NCP // National Contact Point (in the European Union)

NTO // National Tempus Offices (in Phare partner countries)

Partner countries // In 1999, New Independent States and Mongolia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia

Pre-JEP // Preparatory measures for a Joint European Project (Tempus Tacis)

TIP // Tempus Information Point (in some Tacis partner countries)

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 The origins of Tempus

The political events of 1989 and 1990 in Central and Eastern Europe had a dramatic impact on the European Community. The Member States individually and collectively found themselves facing unprecedented challenges to the established philosophy and procedures in external relations. From the outset there was no doubting the urgency in making an appropriately rapid and effective response to these challenges. Quick action needed to be taken to strengthen the emerging democracies and capitalise on this unexpected opportunity to redirect the future of Europe.

Aiming for an integrated global response, the European Community sought to provide a comprehensive framework for the provision of practical assistance and expertise to help the countries concerned restructure their economies and political systems. An overall programme of assistance was agreed by the Council of Ministers in December 1989. Known as Phare( [1]), it provided the framework for Community assistance to the economic and social reform processes in Central and Eastern Europe.

[1] At that time Phare stood for "Pologne, Hongrie: Assistance à la Restructuration Economique". The current full name is "Phare-Community programme for assistance for economic restructuring in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe".

The partner countries themselves identified higher education and training as one of the priority areas for trans-European cooperation. From an early stage a number of assistance programmes in the field of education were embedded within Phare. In January 1990 the Commission submitted to the Council and the European Parliament its plans for the creation of a new Phare programme specifically designed to meet the higher education needs of Central and Eastern Europe. This was the starting signal for Tempus.

1.2 Tempus I and II

The Council adopted Tempus on 7 May 1990 ( [2]), for an initial pilot phase of three years beginning on 1 July 1990. A later Council Decision ( [3]) extended the pilot phase for one year, until the end of June 1994. Initially 3 countries were involved in the scheme: Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary. This number increased with the years as illustrated in Figure 1. In 1999, 24 partner countries benefited from the programme.

[2] OJ N° L131/21, 23 May 1990.

[3] OJ N° L122/43, 7 May 1992.

The Council Decision adopting the second phase of the Tempus Programme (Tempus II) was taken on 29 April 1993 ( [4]). This decision meant the continuation of support for the existing partner countries and the geographical extension of the Programme's activities to the new republics of the former Soviet Union (the New Independent States) and Mongolia. Projects in these countries - with the exception of the Baltic States - were funded from the overall Tacis budget, the European Union (EU) initiative fostering the development of harmonious and prosperous economic and political links between the European Union and the New Independent States and Mongolia. Preparatory activities in Belarus, the Russian Federation and the Ukraine already commenced in 1993. Where necessary this report will make a distinction between 'Tempus Phare' and 'Tempus Tacis'.

[4] OJ N° L112/34, 6 May 1993.

Tempus II, whose second Phase was to finish by the end of June 1998, was further prolonged until 1st July 2000 with a Council Decision adopted on 21 November 1996 ( [5]).

[5] OJ N° L306/36, 28 November 1996

TTABLE

Fig. 1: Phare and Tacis country participation in Tempus between 1990 and 1999

(*) Applications were submitted and selected in 1996, but projects only started their activity in 1999

2 MAIN FEATURES OF TEMPUS

2.1 Strategy: bottom-up approach with top-down orientation

In its first two phases Tempus adopted a predominantly bottom-up approach. Support concentrated on innovation at the base of the university-pyramid, i.e. in the departments and faculties and not at central planning level. The rationale behind this approach was the assumption that reform would be more readily carried through when not imposed through hierarchical structures. Project initiation and management at departmental and faculty level also increased the sense of ownership of projects. Finally, the Programme as a whole was more likely to respond to the reform needs on the "shop floor".

In recent years several special actions have added a top-down aspect to the Programme in areas where more targeted measures were considered beneficial. In 1997, they included the Tempus Phare Compact Measures and the top-down orientation was further reinforced during 1999 with a growing number of institutional development projects being funded in the pre-accession countries.

Another way in which the scope of the programme under Tempus II has been steered towards a more top-down approach is in the definition of specific priority areas: the 'National Priorities'. These reviewed listings reflect the specific needs in the current phase of the overall socio-economic development of each individual partner country. They are jointly identified by the national authorities and the Commission and published in the Tempus Guide for Applicants. By using the priorities as one of the selection parameters, Tempus has been able to continue to develop greater relevance to the specific processes of reform in each partner country while at the same time giving applicants guidance in their efforts. In recent years the national priorities have been less focused on academic subject areas. Instead, they now tend to address more structural issues, such as university management reform and the modernisation of administrative systems. In this way the national priorities have become instrumental for gradually reinforcing the top-down element in the Tempus Programme.

2.2 Projects

Tempus supports cooperation projects between EU Member States and partner countries in Central and Eastern Europe, the New Independent States and Mongolia in the field of higher education. To this end the Programme regularly calls for proposals for a variety of project types.

2.2.1 Tempus Phare

The majority of Tempus activities take place within Joint European Projects (JEPs). A JEP is a multi-lateral cooperation project between at least one higher education institution from an EU Member State and one other EU Institution from a different Member State together with at least one higher education institution from a partner country. Universities from other G24 countries, Malta and Cyprus can participate as associated partners. A Tempus Phare JEP may have a duration of one (exceptional), two or three years and focus on university management or on the academic content and quality of higher education.

A second group of projects were the Compact Measures, or CMEs, which aimed to increase Tempus' impact on the organisational and administrative aspects of higher education. The CME action was discontinued after 1997 with 102 projects completed in 1999.

During 1999 the Tempus II bis programme developed its activities in line with the orientations of the Phare programme, which put emphasis on institutional development in the framework of the pre-accession strategy. In the associated countries, this led to projects often referred to as "Institution Building projects" being mainly targeted at the improvement of the capacity of the higher education sector to contribute to the adoption and implementation of the 'acquis communautaire'. The coverage of Tempus has therefore been expanded; Tempus networks are increasingly encouraged to invite other partners in society such as national, regional and local authorities as well as social and industrial partners - to participate in their activities.

For the non-associated Phare countries the emphasis remained on curriculum development and university management.

Tempus also awards Individual Mobility Grants (IMGs) for the Phare countries. Through these individual visits of higher education staff, senior Ministry officials and education planners from East to West and vice-versa can be funded which contribute to the development of higher education institutions in the partner countries.

Types of IMG activity are organised into three groups:

| | Development of an institutional approach, which aims through retraining of administrative staff to improve university management practice.

| | Participation in the Socrates-Erasmus "Thematic Networks" and other academic associations.

| | Study visits and teaching staff development.

2.2.2 Tempus Tacis

Tempus Tacis supports Joint European Projects (JEPs) similar to those under Tempus Phare, apart from the number of project partners which is subject to two or three EU higher education institutions in at least two separate EU Member States and a maximum of two higher education institutions in the partner country per JEP. A Tempus Tacis JEP may have a duration of three years.

In 1999 JEPs were eligible for the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Uzbekistan only and aimed at curriculum development together with the introduction of new management practices in the partner country higher education establishments.

Compact Projects (CPs) which were available to all countries in 1999 have a duration of two years and address precisely defined, short-term needs. Activities must focus on curriculum development, university management or dissemination. Exceptionally the second partner country institution could be an enterprise or an organisation instead of a higher education institution.

Mobility Projects became available for the first time in 1999 in Georgia (the Russian Federation was already eligible in 1998). Projects focused on the establishment of a network of institutions, which could facilitate the implementation of student mobility between EU and partner countries. Typically consortia were composed of more than the minimum members so as to encourage an extensive network of institutions.

Tempus Tacis does not feature Individual Mobility Grants.

2.3 Management of the Programme

For the implementation of the scheme, the Commission is assisted by a management committee composed of two representatives appointed by each Member State and chaired by a Commission representative. The management committee is referred to as the Tempus Committee.

Technical assistance for the implementation of the programme is provided by the Tempus Department of the European Training Foundation in Turin following the guidelines of the European Commission Directorate-General for Education and Culture in Brussels.

In the Phare countries the National Tempus Offices (NTOs) are the programme's main links to the national authorities of Central and Eastern Europe and perform parts of the day-to-day administration of the Programme.

In the Tacis partner countries a network of Tempus Information Points (TIPs) has been established in order to ensure appropriate support on the spot. They assist with the implementation of the Tempus Programme by disseminating information about the Programme, providing information on the status of higher education in the partner countries and giving practical support to project operators.

In the EU Member States, designated National Contact Points (NCPs) assist with the dissemination of programme information, project submission guidelines and forms, and general support through, among others, the organisation of workshops and co-ordinators' meetings.

2.4 Monitoring

With a view to assisting the transition towards Tempus III, in 1999, the Commission reinforced the monitoring policy for Tempus Phare projects in order to ensure maximum impact of the final "two year" projects in the candidate countries. This new monitoring policy concerns above all Tempus Institution Building (TIB) projects.

The new TIB monitoring cycle was strengthened with the implementation of three regional Contractors' meetings following the despatch of the 1999 JEP contracts (one meeting for Poland and the Baltic countries, one meeting for Bulgaria and Romania and one meeting for Hungary, Slovenia and the Czech and Slovak Republics) where recommendations for the best practice in each project were discussed. By asking projects to address the outcomes of the meetings, and by the reinforced monitoring visits in the partner countries carried out by National Tempus Offices, three aspects of the monitoring policy, i.e. preventive, desk and field monitoring are interactively combined.

As far as internal monitoring procedures are concerned, the main objective is to ensure that project implementation is in line with the overall project objective and that projects are implemented in accordance with Tempus contractual and financial rules.

Desk monitoring activities focus on the reporting obligations (Intermediate Reports, Revised Budgets and Activity Plans, Progress Reports, Annual and Final Reports and Statements of Expenditure), by assessing the performance of the project in terms of progress and/or outcomes, organisation and management, and by checking carefully the financial management.

With the aim of closely monitoring the progress of projects, site visits are carried out to individual projects as part of the field monitoring actions. Under Tempus Phare a full programme of monitoring visits is agreed with all NTOs each year. Visits are carried out by NTO staff together - when possible - with staff from the Foundation. Monitoring visits concentrate on the level of implementation of the project objectives in the targeted partner institutions, on the project results and on the identification of factors that might jeopardise the progress of the project towards its objective. Following each visit, feedback is given to the project partners and recommendations are made for follow-up. The monitoring visit programme involved a total of 210 visits in all the Phare countries. Within Tempus Tacis, monitoring visits to JEPs are carried out by the Tacis Monitoring and Evaluation Team, based on information supplied by the Foundation Programme Managers. The monitoring visit programme involved a total of 62 visits in all the Tacis countries.

Monitoring visits provide a valuable opportunity to assess the impact of Tempus actions at an institutional level and, if applicable, to judge the appropriateness of Tempus policy within the institution concerned.

Preventive monitoring actions, such as contractors' meetings in the partner countries and correspondence with the project ensure transparency of the procedures and improve dissemination of information.

2.5 Budget

Two factors determine the total budget available for Tempus activities:

| | the national Phare and Tacis budgets, which are determined annually by the Commission;

| | the proportion of Phare or Tacis funds which each of the national authorities allocates for Tempus activities.

Every year each partner country decides how much of its total Phare or Tacis budget it wishes to allocate to Tempus activities.

Budget evolution Phare (in MEURO)

Budget evolution of Tempus allocation and percentage of global Phare b

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udget

Budget evolution Tacis (in MEURO)

Budget evolution of Tempus allocation and percentage of Tacis budget (national programmes)

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* Biennial allocations for 1999-2000

** Projects were selected in 1996 but started in 1999. Budget came from the 8 MEURO budgetary envelope of 1994-96.

3 PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENTS IN 1999

3.1 Tempus III - the new phase

On 29 April 1999 the Council of Ministers of the European Union adopted the latest phase of the programme, « Tempus III ». The new phase of Tempus covers the period 2000-2006. It addresses two groups of countries: the New Independent States and Mongolia and the non-associated countries of Central and Eastern Europe namely, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.

On 23-24 April 1999, a large conference was organised in Kiev on "Perspectives for EU supported co-operation in higher education 2000-2006" to which a range of Higher Education actors was invited (representatives of Ministries, higher education, Tempus support offices etc.) This conference coincided with the adoption of Tempus III and represented an excellent platform for the exchange of ideas on future developments in the Programme. As a follow-up to the conference, conference proceedings were produced.

Under the new phase of the Programme, Tempus seeks to contribute to the reform of higher education structures, institutions and their management through targeted projects in clearly specified areas including University Management, Curriculum Development, Institution Building, Networking and Mobility Projects. In addition Individual Mobility Grants have been made available to all countries eligible under Tempus III.

The Central and Eastern European countries which have signed an Association Agreement with the European Union, i.e. the candidate countries, are no longer eligible for Tempus funding in the new phase. They now participate in the Community programmes in the areas of education, training and youth in the context of pre-accession.

3.2 Exploitation of outputs

Since 1995, the Commission, with the assistance of the Foundation, has been working on maximising the value of the Tempus programme through the analysis and dissemination of its achievements.

In 1999 several publications and events took place in order to increase the visibility of Tempus and disseminate details on the impact of the programme in all participating countries. Tempus publications are aimed at the needs of both existing project practitioners and newcomers to the Tempus Programme

The Tempus at Work series continues to represent a useful tool for the dissemination of information on the Tempus programme. Individual country sheets were prepared for both EU Member States and all partner countries. The sheets contain a valuable source of up-to-date information on the projects funded in a particular partner country since the beginning of Tempus and of the participation levels of EU Member States in the various geographic zones.

The 1999 Tempus at Work series includes:

| | introductory sheets on Tempus Phare and Tempus Tacis

| | summary sheet on Tempus Challenges and Achievements

| | separate EU country specific sheets

| | separate Phare country specific sheets

| | separate Tacis country specific sheets

In 1999 discussions took place concerning the establishment of an Outputs database, which will provide details on all running and completed Tempus projects and will be Internet deployable. Tempus has a wealth of project experience and results and clearly there is a need to harness this information and disseminate to a wider audience. A feasibility study is planned for 2000 as a pre-cursor to the actual database development.

3.3 Management of projects

In 1999 for the first time under Tempus Tacis the possibility of performing the role of JEP Coordinator was extended to the Russian Federation and Ukraine.

3.4. Tempus Information Points (TIPs) and National Tempus Offices (NTOs)

National Tempus Offices in Central and Eastern Europe and Tempus Information Points in the Newly Independent States and Mongolia continued to provide information to interested institutions and assistance to exiting projects.

National Tempus Offices exist in all Phare partner countries.

In the Tacis countries Tempus Information Point representatives were present for the whole of 1999 in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. TIP support was available for part of the year in Kazakhstan (until May 1999) and Mongolia (until September 1999). New candidates were identified subsequently, but new contracts had not been finalised by the end of the year.

New attempts were made to set up a TIP for the Russian Federation. Two potential staff (the director and the assistant director) were identified in November 1999 but no contract was issued. In order to ensure that updated information on Tempus was available throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, close links were developed with the EU Delegation in Moscow and the Tacis Technical Offices in the different regions.

The status of the various TIPs is heterogeneous. Most TIPs are located within the Tacis Co-ordinating Units, where the position is usually held by someone already working on other CU functions, who cannot therefore allocate full-time attention to Tempus. This is the case for Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. In Belarus and Moldova the TIP representatives are employed by a local university, whilst the Ukrainian TIP is located within the EC Delegation in Kiev. Finally, the Armenian TIP has an independent status.

4 THE 1999 SELECTION ROUNDS

4.1 Overall Tempus budget

The Central and Eastern European national governments allocated a total amount of MEURO 25.85 to Tempus Phare activities in 1999. For the countries participating in Tempus Tacis this figure was MEURO 20. The table below (Figure 2) shows how the amounts compare to those of earlier years.

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Fig. 2: Tempus allocations between 1990 and 1999 in MEURO

4.2 Tempus Phare budget

The total amount available for Tempus activities in the Phare countries in 1999 was MEURO 25.85. Figure 3 shows a breakdown of this figure into the respective national allocations for Tempus activities in 1999. The average per year for each country since inclusion is added for comparison.

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Fig. 3: Tempus funds in MEURO per Phare partner country in 1999 compared with the average per year since inclusion in the scheme.

4.3 Tempus Phare deadlines

The deadline for submitting Joint European Project applications was 29 January 1999. As in previous years, there were two deadlines for the submission of Individual Mobility Grant applications in 1999: 12 March and 25 June.

4.4 Tempus Phare selection results

4.4.1 Joint European Projects

JEP applications are considered for support through a co-operative decision making process which consists of several different stages. In 1999, as in 1997 and 1998, important responsibilities in the selection process of JEPs were given to the National Tempus Offices. The rationale behind this was that increased responsibility in the selection procedure would benefit the preparation for participation of the associated countries in the EU education programmes. In this selection procedure, the technical assessment of projects was undertaken by the NTOs and the academic assessment was undertaken in the partner country by a mixed group of experts from both EU member states and partner countries. This selection process is illustrated in Flowchart 1 overleaf.

Results of the 1999 Tempus Phare JEP selection round

The results of the selection round are given in the table below. The 1997 and 1998 figures are included for comparison.

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Out of the 462 applications received, 149 were proposed for funding.

Compared with last year there has been a decrease of 20% in the number of applications received. The 149 applications proposed for approval this year represent 32% of the total number of applications received. The success rate in 1999 and 1998 has remained steady at 32%.

Statistical data on country participation subject distribution and a breakdown of details per country can be found in the annexes to this report.

TEMPUS PHARE SELECTION 1999

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Flowchart N° 1

4.4.2 Individual Mobility Grants

The assessment of East - West mobility was carried out by the National Tempus Offices. Applications for West - East IMGs and those from Bosnia and Herzegovina were assessed by the Foundation. Both assessments were done in parallel and followed the guidelines agreed with the European Commission.

Due to their eligibility under the Socrates-Erasmus programme, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania were no longer eligible for IMGs in 1999 (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Slovak Republic, were no longer eligible as of 1998). The same applied to Slovenia but for the second selection round 1999 only.

Results of the 1999 IMG selection:

First selection round (March 1999, 4 partner countries) //

Number of applications // 222

Number of applications supported // 76

Success rate // 32%

Total budget // Euro 199,080

Average size of grant // Euro 2,619

Second selection round (June 1999, 3 partner countries) //

Number of applications // 163

Number of applications supported // 112

Success rate // 69%

Total budget // Euro 264,650

Average size of grant // Euro 2,363

4.5 Tempus Tacis budget

The Tempus Tacis project selection round of 1999 (open call) involved the following Tacis countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Moldova, the Russian Federation, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Only the Russian Federation and the Ukraine received an annual allocation for 1999 projects, the other countries received biennial allocations for 1998 and 1999 or for 1999 and 2000, as follows:

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Partner countries could apply for different types of projects, as follows:

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For the eleven partner countries involved in the 1999/2000 selection round of Tempus Tacis programme 263 applications were received in the following categories: Joint European Projects - 104, Mobility Joint European Projects - 41, Compact Projects - 118.

4.6 Tempus Tacis deadlines

The deadline for submitting JEP and CP applications was 15 March 1999.

4.7 Tempus Tacis selection procedure

Within the framework of the Tempus Tacis programme, the Joint European Project (JEP) and the Compact Project (CP) are the means by which consortia of institutions in the partner countries of the New Independent States and Mongolia, the Member States of the European Union and, where appropriate, other G-24 countries as well as Cyprus and Malta, are encouraged to co-operate in activities designed to promote the restructuring of higher education in the New Independent States and Mongolia.

To ensure maximum impact of the funds invested in the Programme great importance is given to the national priorities particular to each partner country (for the complete list see Tempus Tacis Guide for Applicants 1999/2000) which are established every year by the Commission in agreement with the authorities of the respective partner country.

The Tempus Tacis projects are selected by the European Commission with technical assistance provided by the European Training Foundation. All projects undergo both technical and academic assessment with the academic assessment being carried out by a pool of academic experts from the partner countries and the EU Member States.

A final experts' panel chaired by the Commission and involving EU and NIS experts has been established in order to discuss applications for which the assessment differed and those where further advice was sought. The panel then established a provisional ranking of applications for countries in the Tempus Tacis programme.

The final expert meetings chaired by the Commission have been organised in two sessions, as follows: EU and NIS expert meeting for UKR and MOL projects held on 29 May 1999 in Kiev and EU and NIS expert meeting for ARM, AZB, GEO, KAZ, KYR, MNG, RF, TME, UZB projects held on 28-29 June 1999 in Torino.

The final list of projects proposed to the Commission for funding was chosen on the basis of their qualitative ranking, co-ordination with other Tacis assistance programmes, balance between priority areas and an appropriate geographical spread of projects.

This selection process is illustrated in Flowchart 2 on the next page.

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Flowchart N° 2

4.8 Tempus Tacis selection results

// 1999 Open call

Number of project proposals received // 263

Number of projects proposed for funding // 72

Success rate // 27.3%

Average project grant allocated // Euro 307,021

A total of 263 applications was received for the eleven countries in the 1999 selection round of Tempus Tacis programme within the following categories:

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Compared with the last open selection round in 1998 when a total of 254 project applications were received, there has been an increase of 3.5% in the number of project applications received.

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5 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

1. Tempus Tacis Guide for Applicants 2000/01 and 2001/02, in all EU languages and Russian

2. Tempus at Work (country sheets for all Phare, Tacis and all EU countries), in EN, FR & DE

2. Tempus Conference Report 23-24.03.1999/Kiev, Ukraine, multilingual document (EN, FR, DE & RU)

4. Tempus Project Lists 1999, available on Internet only

Please note that all of the above 1999 publications can be found, together with all other Tempus documents, in the download section of the ETF Web site at: http://www.etf.eu.int/

Tempus Phare

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Tempus Tacis

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EU Member state involvement in Tempus Phare JEPs in 1999/2000

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(*) The figures in this column indicate the percentage of projects in which the country in question appears (adds up to more than 100% as each project has at least two EU countries participating)..

EU Member state involvement in Tempus Tacis JEPs and CPs in 1999/2000

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(*) The figures in this column indicate the percentage of projects in which the country in question appears (adds up to more than 100% as each project has at least two EU countries participating).

Distribution by subject area of Tempus Phare JEPs starting in 1999/2000

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Distribution by priority area of Tempus Tacis JEPs starting in 1999/2000

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Distribution by priority area of Tempus Tacis CPs starting in 1999/2000

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Albania

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs selected in 1999

European Studies and International Relations 22.3%

Applied Sciences and Technologies 33.3%

Interdisciplinary Studies 11.2%

University Management 33.3%

Bulgaria

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs selected in 1999

Translation and Interpreting 7.1%

Institution Building 85.8%

University Management 7.1%

Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs selected in 1999

European Studies and International Relations 25%

Other Management 12.5%

Applied Sciences and Technologies 37.5%

Art and Design 12.5%

Interdisciplinary Studies 12.5%

Czechoslovakia [6]

[6] Covers only the period 1990-1992, before independence of the Czech and Slovak Republics.

// Tempus I

//

// 1990-1992

1. Budget: //

Total Tempus budget (in MEURO) // 34.96

National indicative programme // 27.70

Regional funds // 7.26

Other Phare sources //

//

2. Projects: //

Number of JEPs supported // 145

of which new //

//

Number of JENs supported // -

//

Number of new CMEs per year // 53

//

Number of IMGs awarded // 1,008

from Czechoslovakia // 785

to Czechoslovakia // 223

Czech Republic [7]

[7] For 1990-1992 see Fact sheet Czechoslovakia.

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs selected in 1999

EU Policy Matters and "acquis communautaire" 33.33%

Public Administration Reform 66.67%

Estonia

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs selected in 1999

* Institution Building 75%

* University Management 25%

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs selected in 1999

* European Studies and International Relations 40%

* Natural Sciences and Mathematics 10%

* Applied Sciences and Technologies 10%

* Interdisciplinary Studies 10%

* Education and Teacher Training 10%

* University Management 10%

Hungary

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs selected in 1999

* Medicine and Surgery 5.6%

* Institution Building 83.3%

* University Management 11.1%

Latvia

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs selected in 1999

* Institution Building 100%

Lithuania

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs selected in 1999

* Institution Building 100%

Poland

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs selected in 1999

* Institution Building 76%

* University Management 24%

Romania

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs selected in 1999

* Agriculture 4.4%

* Institution Building 86.9%

* University Management 8.7%

Slovak Republic [8]

[8] For 1990-1992 see Fact sheet Czechoslovakia.

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs selected in 1999

* Institution Building 70%

* University Management 30%

Slovenia [9]

[9] Excluded are details about the projects (IMGs) which were carried out when Slovenia was still part of Yugoslavia, i.e. before independence in 1992. Twenty-four of the indicated JEPs were originally Yugoslavian projects but renewed as Slovenian projects in the same year.

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Subject areas covered by new JEPs selected in 1999

* European Studies and International Relations 10%

* Applied Sciences and Technologies 20%

* Institution Building 30%

* University Management 40%

Armenia

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(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(1) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs selected in 1999

* Economics and Applied Sciences 50%

* Applied Economics 50%

Azerbaijan

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(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

(4) Biennial funding fully allocated in 1996.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs selected in 1999

* University Management 50%

* Environmental Sciences 50%

Belarus

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(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

(4) Two projects were selected but only started in 1998.

Georgia

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(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

(4) Biennial funding fully allocated in 1996.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs selected in 1999

* Law 50%

* Economics and applied Sciences 50%

Kazakhstan

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Projects started in 1997.

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

(4) Closed call for application, budget taken from 1996-1997 allocation

(5) Projects were submitted in 1996 but started in late 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs selected in 1999

* Law 25%

* University Management 25%

* Tourism and Leisure 25%

* Agricultural and Food Sciences 25%

Kyrgyzstan

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Projects started in 1997.

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

(4) Closed call for application, budget taken from 1996-1997 allocation

(5) Project was submitted in 1996 but started in late 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs selected in 1999

* Economics and Applied Sciences 14.3%

* University Management 14.3%

* Business Administration 14.3%

* Tourism and Leisure 28.55%

* Applied Sciences and Technologies 28.55%

Moldova

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

(3) Projects started in 1997.

(4) Biennial funding fully allocated in 1996.

(5) Projects were submitted in 1996 but started in late 1997.

Subject areas covered by JEPs running in 1999

* Law 20%

* University Management 40%

* Applied Economics 20%

* Tourism and Leisure 20%

Mongolia

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs selected in 1999

* University Management 33.33%

* Applied Economics 33.33%

* Education and Teacher Training 33.33%

Russian Federation

>TABLE POSITION>

(1). Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs selected in 1999

* Sociology 3.3%

* Social Welfare 6.7%

* Economics and Applied Sciences 16.7%

* Public Administration 3.3%

* European Studies and International Relations 13.3%

* University Management 16.7%

* Business Administration 6.7%

* Applied Economics 13.3%

* Modern European Languages 13.3%

* Education and Teacher Training 6.7%

Turkmenistan

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Projects started in 1997.

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

(4) Closed call for application, budget taken from 1996-1997 allocation

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs selected in 1999

* University Management 33.33%

* Applied Economics 33.33%

* Modern European Languages 33.33%

Ukraine

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs selected in 1999

* Social Welfare 9.1%

* Economics and Applied Sciences 9.1%

* European Studies and International Relations 9.1%

* Library Sciences, Communication and Journalism 9.1%

* University Management 36.3%

* Personnel Management and Industrial Relations 9.1%

* Agricultural and Food Sciences 18.2%

Uzbekistan

>TABLE POSITION>

(1) Biennial funding (1996 and 1997).

(2) Biennial funding (1998 and 1999).

(3) Pre-JEPs were discontinued in 1997.

Subject areas covered by new JEPs and CPs selected in 1999

* European Studies and International Relations 33.33%

* University Management 33.33%

* Engineering and Technology 33.33%

The Tempus projects listed in this annex are representative of the quantitative and qualitative impact of Tempus in the partner countries. Please note that the descriptions have been written during 1998/99.

Tempus Phare

Joint European Project 12211 - 97

(Albania)

Project data:

Title: Development of University Management

Objective: The project aims at improving management methods at the University of Tirana and the Polytechnic University of Tirana. This improvement will be achieved through the introduction of computer support systems in the areas of student registration, personnel administration and finance administration, and library management. The new computer systems should also support the work of the office for international relations. In addition, the introduction of a computer-assisted decision-making system for strategic planning as well as the development of a computer supported information system for students and students counselling is foreseen.

Partners:

* Universität-Gesamthochschule Siegen (contracting and co-ordinating institution), D

* Polytechnic University of Tiranë, Tiranë, ALB

* University of Tiranë, Tiranë, ALB

* Straffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

Countries involved in the project:

* Germany

* Albania

* United Kingdom

Duration:

2 years, extended by 6 months (15/12/1997 - 30/06/2000)

Joint European Project 12211 - 97 (continued)

(Albania)

Project description:

Results:

* Student registration: the system is practically complete, it still needs a security system, a help function, fine-tuning for the production of reports and tools for school-leavers. Data in the old system shall gradually be transferred to the new software. The administrative staff, which will use the new system, will be trained.

* Personnel administration and Finance administration: the software have been purchased and adapted with a one-year guarantee. The two systems are compatible. Representatives of each department of each participating institution have been trained to use the software, the training should be also offered to staff of other faculties.

* Library management: the software has been purchased and relevant staff has been trained to use it. Two networks have been established, one in each of the partner university and should be linked with two Foundations co-operating with the universities

* Computer supported information system for students and students counselling, upgrading to the Office for international relations: the work being undertaken for the international relations offices and the students information system are closely linked. A manual providing guidance to students on admittance and information on internal regulation of the university is being produced. University guides and Faculty Guides should be made available to all students. Polytechnic University has developed the Web Home Page of the University, the same should be completed at Tirana University in the very near future. Negotiations with SOROS foundation on the establishment of a student information centre are on going.

* Computer-assisted decision-making system for strategic planning: the main objective is to provide guidelines for the universities' administration with regards to the application of the new Law on higher education and directives from the Ministry of Education. A database, accessible to the authorities, is being developed.

Dissemination achieved: Activities undertaken in the project are disseminated to other colleagues both by systematic reports to the Board of the project and by workshops and seminars aimed at colleagues in related fields at the two universities. Although this project only targeted the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Tirana, the other faculties have been up-dated on the models in use at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and hope to purchase the same software.

Sustainability: Considering the very practical aspect of the outcomes of the project (software and manuals), the sustainability of the results is guaranteed. The specialists in the Faculty of Natural Sciences and the PUT can ensure maintenance of the products developed and any further work on the software.

Joint European Project 13359 - 98

(Hungary)

Project data:

Title: Adaptation of EU sport administration standards in Hungary

Objective: To create and run re-training courses for sport administrators / managers in order to prepare them for adaptation of EU policy / standards.

Partners:

* Semmelweis University, Budapest (co-ordinator / contractor)

* Hungarian Olympic Committee, Budapest

* Ministry of Youth and Sports, Budapest

* Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

* Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln

Countries involved in the project:

* Hungary

* Belgium

* Germany

Duration:

2 years (15/12/1998 - 14/03/2001)

Project description:

Results:

* First phase of the project : 'train the trainers' course - training of future trainers in sports management. The training programme will consist of 12 modules such as general knowledge, sports and finances, facility management, HR management, media management, event and project management, sport organisation management, sound environmental management, sport and new technologies, legal management, -sponsoring and marketing, other sport related topics as sport medicine, women and sport, sport science, doping, etc.;

15 experts from H and the EU project partners will contribute to the programme for a group of 15-20 trainees who will act as future trainers;

The 'train the trainers' course took place between September '99 and January 2000 during 8 week-ends

* Second phase of the project : the delivery of the training programme to the target group will still start during the life-time of this two years project. The target group consists of a potential of 1800 sport managers from the governmental and non-governmental sport sector. The Semmelweis University will keep teaching facilities available for the training programme. After the project end, the programme will be continued with national funding from the Hungarian Ministry of Youth and Sports. Since 80% of the target group is located in the province, the possibility of contact classes in regional centres will be considered. The training programme will be offered twice a year for 20-25 sport managers per course (175-220 persons to be retrained each year).

Joint European Project 13359 - 98 (continued)

(Hungary)

Innovative aspects: Hungarian sport policy shifted from elitist approach to a more democratic "sport for all". This new direction will be demonstrated in the priority on retraining of mid-career sport managers graduated before '89. Re-directing the approach of sport managers towards "sport-for-all" is a key issue for Hungarian society and i.e. related to the public health policy.

Integration of project results into the undergraduate curricula at the Semmelweis University: The project results will be integrated into the undergraduate curricula on sports management and a correspondence course in this subject at the Semmelweis University.

Participation in Tempus III: The Semmelweis University maintains contacts in a number in Tempus III countries, e.g. in Croatia (Zagreb), Ukraine and Moldova. The Semmelweis University is the Central European contact institution of the European Network of Sport Sciences in Higher Education, which functions as an Erasmus Thematic Network. The network has the intention to expand its activities to the Tempus III partner countries. In relation to Tempus III; the Semmelweis University is ready to accept experts from Phare non-accession countries and Tacis countries for study visits in order to disseminate Tempus results and to participate in networking activities.

Joint European Project 12466 - 97

(Romania)

Project data

Title: Retraining Program through Open and Distance Teaching in the field of Underwater Technologies

Objective: Development of a Department for Continuing Education and Open and Distance Learning at the University 'Dunarea de Jos' of Galati through staff retraining and the development of three new courses for continuing education and open and distance learning in the field of Underwater Technologies.

Partners:

* GKSS Forschungszentrum, Geesthacht, D

* Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, D

* Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade - ISQ, Lisboa, P

* Ministry of Education, Bucuresti, RO

* Civil Marine Institute, Constanta, Constanta, RO

* Institute of Welding and Material Testing, Timisoara, RO

* University 'Dunarca de Jos' in Galati, Galati (Contractor and Co-ordiantor), RO

Countries involved in the project:

* Germany and Portugal

Duration:

3 years, extended by 3 months (15/12/1997 - 14/03/2001)

Results:

New department for ODL: the Continuing Education & Open and Distance Learning Department is established as new institutional structure within the University of Galati and is self-sustainable.

The department is functioning: intensive courses (in the evenings or weekends) are being delivered to specialists (engineers) from enterprises or research centres.

The duration of the continuing education courses is 3 to 6 months, depending on the demand of the enterprise.

All the contracts with enterprises, payment of fees, etc. is being dealt centrally by the university centre for continuing education.

Joint European Project 12466 - 97 (continued)

(Romania)

Curriculum development:

Three new courses in the field of Underwater Technologies have been developed :

* Underwater Technologies

* Underwater Inspection, Upkeeping and Repair

* Authorising Underwater Operators

Different textbooks have been edited and published : two volumes of Underwater Weldinga and another and Underwater Technologies.

Multimedia teaching materials will be also produced for the ODL teaching.

The new curricula are approved by the Mechanical Engineering Professorial Council from the University of Galati, the Shipping Electromechanical Faculty Council (Merchand Marine Institute, Galati) and by the Senates of these institutions. The curriculum will be also submitted for the approval of the Romanian National Ministry of Education.

The participants of the intensive courses receive a certificate from the Faculty of Mechanics of the University of Galati and which is recognised by the Ministry of Education.

The new courses are created by a team of Romanian academics and specialists, together with the EU partners who are very much experienced in the field of underwater technologies.

The new courses will also be introduced in regular curricula at undergraduate and postgraduate level.

Staff mobility:

Within the second year of the project, 19 Romanian academics from the different Romanian partner institutions have been involved in the staff retraining programme at the EU partners. The main outcome of the staff mobility was the improvement of the knowledge and teachings skills and the development of new courses and teaching materials.

Target group:

It is a mixed target: university students and employers but the main focus is the training of the specialists through continuing education.

* 250 undergraduate students

* 75 students of short term education

* 50 specialists in underwater technologies: operators, engineers, designers, surveyors

Dissemination and sustainability: the project is very known in the main Romanian Universities and Research Institutes dealing with underwater technologies.

Dissemination will be done through national and international conferences, issuing technical papers and magazines, workshops.

The Open Distance Learning Department, in co-operation with the Continuing Education Centre of the University of Galati is self-sustainable.

There is a real demand from the market. At the moment, several shipping institutes are asking for training activities that can be delivered by the university.

Tempus Tacis

Joint European Project 10266 - 96

(Belarus)

Project data:

Title: Economic Organisation and Commercial University Innovation

Objective: To restructure existing curricula of the Belarus State Economic University and to develop new curricula in accordance with modern international standards

Partners:

* University Politechnica de Cataluna, E (co-ordinating and contracting institution)

* Université de Montpellier I, F

* Belarus State Economic University, BR

Countries involved in the project:

* Spain

* France

* Belarus

Duration:

3 years (1/01/1997 - 06/2000)

Project description:

This project concentrates on the adaptation of teaching methods and the content of curricula in order to meet modern international standards. Strategically it fits into the wider objective of changing the teaching philosophy and environment so as to provide university graduates with a new prospective in the context of a free market economy.

Qualitative impact:

Results:

* The new curricula and teaching materials have been developed and successfully introduced.

* A Western style written examination system has been introduced, adapted to the existing university regulations, and proved to be successful.

* The mobility flow programme for staff and students has been well organised and has been productive both in terms of teaching material development and in terms of changes towards a more flexible teaching environment.

* The support service for students, postgraduates and decision-makers has been established and is now operational.

Joint European Project 10266 - 96 (continued)

(Belarus)

Innovative aspects:

* Belarus colleagues, with the support and advice of their EU partners, have developed an impressive number of teaching materials and textbooks. All materials were elaborated in a creative way so that as a result innovative documents were produced for use in Belarus and not just mere translations of EU universities teaching materials.

* The textbooks are likely to be sold to other NIS countries such as Ukraine.

* One of the ways to proceed with dissemination of the project's results is to place the textbooks and teaching materials on the university Web site.

Quantitative aspects:

* Thirty five publications of textbooks and teaching materials in all major fields of studies have been produced over the project duration.

* The Conference Hall has been filly equipped as an adequate facility for holding international conferences and symposia. The BSEU used $ 10 000 of its own funds to finalise the Conference Hall.

Dissemination:

In order to disseminate the project outcomes, a Networking project application is to be submitted in the year 2000.

Joint European Project 10216 - 96

(Russian Federation)

Project data:

Title: Developing Perm Institute's provision for Special Educational Needs Teacher Training

Objective: To develop the capacity of the Perm University on providing a continuum of teacher training for special educational needs in the Perm region.

Partners:

* University of Oxford, UK (co-ordinating and contracting institution)

* Universiteit van Amsterdam, NL

* Martin-Luther-Universitaet, D

* Perm State Pedagogical University, RF

Countries involved in the project:

* United Kingdom

* Netherlands

* Germany

* Russian Federation

Duration:

3 years (01/1997 - 06/2000)

Joint European Project 10216 - 96 (continued)

(Russian Federation)

Project description:

The project is focused on restructuring the curriculum, re-training the teaching staff and re-orientating teaching approaches in the field of education for children with special needs. In the wider context of the Perm region it translates into development of the client-oriented service for schools taking care of disabled children and thus addresses the needs of the community for a type of education.

Qualitative impact:

Results:

* New curricula have been developed and successfully introduced. There are two types of courses: postgraduate courses, short courses and modules

* A resource centre has been fully equipped on a high level including a library.

* Staff development and training was provided in a number of major fields such as direct and distance learning, pre-school and school education for disabled children, diagnostic and psycho-correction techniques, as well as methodical assistance to the parents of children with special needs.

Innovative aspects:

* Curricula development and teacher training are being conducted within a broad, interdisciplinary context; other faculties of the University are engaged, for example, the Faculty of Economics and Computer Sciences.

* Good co-operation has been established with schools for disabled children so that curricula development is truly client-oriented, while the local Perm administration has been providing active support.

Quantitative aspects:

* A team of nine teachers was set up and trained to be able to provide a one-year post-service diploma programme on a regular basis.

* Ten long-term and short-term courses were activated during the project duration, including 20 to 100 students.

Dissemination:

* All over the period of the project duration, Perm University continued its co-operation with other projects dealing with special educational needs development in Volgograd and Pskov.

* The project's success makes it suitable to have a pilot function in the rest of Ural and Udmurtia regions.

Joint European Project 10328 - 97

(Uzbekistan)

Project data:

Title: Energy Management training in Uzbekistan

Objective: The establishment of a well organised and functioning Energy Management Training Course in the Tashkent Technical University, leading to an accredited Postgraduate Diploma.

Partners:

* Technological Educational Institution of Athens (TEI), GR (co-ordinating and contracting institution)

* Technical University of Berlin (TUB), D

* Tashkent State Technical University (TSTU), UZB

Countries involved in the project:

* Greece

* Germany

* Uzbekistan

Duration:

3 years (15/01/98 - 14/04/2001 including a three month contract extension)

Project description:

The project concentrates on developing an Energy Management Training Course at Tashkent State Technical University. The major effort is put into the creation of a practical course for specialists, already working in the field of energy management in the key enterprises of Uzbekistan in order to increase energy management efficiency, thus improving competitiveness of the country's economy and reducing the environmental damage caused by energy production, transportation and consumption.

Qualitative impact:

Results:

* Currently a one-year energy management training course has been developed and adapted to the new education structure that has been introduced in Uzbekistan. Two semesters of this course have already been successfully carried out. The first implementation of the course revealed a great interest of Uzbekistani industrial enterprises: most of them not only paid the tuition fees for their employees to attend the course, but continued to pay them full-time salaries.

* Six new laboratories providing training in the new technology were established and furnished.

* University staff was trained to be able to deliver the new course. The training turned out to be valuable not only from the content point of view but also allowed staff members to assimilate new teaching methods.

* Three students undertook one month long work placements in Greek companies.

Joint European Project 10328 - 97 (continued)

(Uzbekistan)

Innovative aspects:

* The first group of students for the new course was selected among young specialists working in the area of Energy Management for the key enterprises of Uzbekistan - thus serving the overall objective of the project to increase the energy management effectiveness in the country.

* The teaching materials for the new course have been produced on CD-Rom, which makes dissemination and multiplication easier and cheaper.

Quantitative aspects:

The new course was delivered to a group of twenty students. All students successfully completed the course. A new group of the same size has been selected for the final project year. Twelve staff members of Tashkent State Technical University went through intensive training to be able to deliver the new course.