EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 8.11.2016 SWD(2016) 349 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT TECHNICAL INFORMATION TO THE REPORT "IMPLEMENTING THE PARIS AGREEMENT - PROGRESS OF THE EU TOWARDS THE AT LEAST -40% TARGET" Accompanying the document Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council



Implementing the Paris Agreement - Progress of the EU towards the at least -40% target

(required under Article 21 of Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change and repealing Decision No 280/2004/EC)



{COM(2016) 707 final}



Contents 1.Technical references to main data & figures 2.Overview of climate targets6 3.EU wide trends (inventory) and projections (WEM) per sector9 4.Member States progresses towards Effort Sharing Decision targets17 5.Key figures for Kyoto CP1 compliance24 6.Member States Climate Finance28 7.Adaptation to climate change30

Index of Tables Table 1: Overview of Climate targets Table 2: Emissions (Mt CO2 eq) covered by the Kyoto Protocol 16 Table 3: Emissions (MtCO2eq) covered by the Climate and Energy Package 16 Table 4 : RELATIVE gap between historic emissions and ESD targets for 2013 and 2014 (in % of 2005 base year emissions) 17 Table 5 : Estimated (2015) and projected (2020) RELATIVE gap between emissions and ESD targets (in % of 2005 base year emissions) 19 Table 6: Historic (2013-2014), estimated (2015) and projected (2016-2020) ABSOLUTE gaps between emissions and annual limits under the Effort Sharing Decision (in Mt CO2 eq) 21 Table 7: Initial Assigned Amount units, GHG emissions 2008-2012 (tCO2eq), and Kyoto Protocol units in the retirement account 24

Table 8: Total quantity of Kyoto Protocol units requested to be carried over from first to the second commitment period 26 Table 9 : Climate finance provided to developing countries (2014). 28

Index of Figures Figure 1: Share of emissions by IPCC sector category in the EU-28; 2014 Figure 2: Past change in EU-28 GHG emissions by IPCC sector categories. 10 Figure 3: EU- 28 GHG emissions per sector: inventory and WEM projections scenario 12 Figure 4:GHG emissions intensity in the EU; 1990, 2005 and 2015. Percentages reflect annual average reduction between 2015-1990. 14 Figure 5: GHG emissions per capita in the EU; 1990, 2005, and 2015. Percentages reflect annual average reduction between 2015-1990. 15

1.Technical references to main data & figures Source of data: Emissions up to 2014 are based on data from the official 2016 inventory submissions by the Member States. They have been compiled according to the 2006 IPCC guidelines, and the new global warming potentials from the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Emissions estimates for the year 2015 are based on approximated inventory data provided in 2016 by the Member States or estimated by the EEA on behalf of the Commission, where needed. Projected emissions are based on Member States' submissions of 2015, and on the updated projections submitted by Member States in 2016 under the MMR. Projections have been quality-checked, gap-filled and adjusted where necessary by the EEA on behalf of the Commission. For the gap filling and ETS/non-ETS split estimation, data from the EU Reference Scenario based on the PRIMES and GAINS models have been used. Notes related to Figures presented in the Climate Action Progress Report: Figure 1: the scope of the emissions presented is as under the Climate and Energy Package (including international aviation). The quantification of the EU 2030 target is indicative. Figure 2: The 2015 gap is the difference between 2015 estimates in the non-ETS sector and the 2015 targets as a percentage of ESD base-year emissions (i.e. 2005 emissions backwards calculated from the 2020 Annual Emission Allocations). The 2020 gap is the difference between projected non-ETS emissions and targets in 2020 as a percentage of base year emissions. 2.Overview of climate targets International commitments EU domestic legislation Kyoto Protocol Paris Agreement 2020 Climate and Energy Package 2030 Climate and Energy Framework EU ETS ESD EU ETS (as proposal COM(2015) 337 final) ESR (as proposal COM(2016) 482) Target year of period Second commitment period (2013-2020) (target for EU-28) Already in force – covers the period post 2020 2013-2020 2013-2020 2021-2030 2021-2030 Emission reduction target -20% at least -40% in 2030 -21% compared to 2005 for ETS emissions Annual targets by MS. In 2020 -10% compared to 2005 for non-ETS emissions -43% compared to 2005 for ETS emissions Annual targets by MS. In 2030 -30% compared to 2005 for non-ETS emissions Overall target: -20% GHG emissions reduction vs 1990" Overall target: "at least -40% domestic GHG emissions reduction vs 1990" Further targets - • limiting global warming to well below 2°C.;

• every 5 years to set more ambitious targets as required by science;

• report on implementation/ track progress towards the long-term goal through a robust transparency and accountability system. • balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century Renewable Energy Directive: 20% share of renewable energy of gross final energy consumption; At least 27% share of renewable energy in EU energy consumption; Energy Efficiency Directive : Increase energy efficiency by 20 % At least 27% improvement in energy efficiency (to be reviewed by 2020, having in mind an EU level of 30%) Base year 1990, but subject to flexibility rules. 1995 or 2000 may be used as its base year for NF3 1990 1990 for overall emission reduction target; 2005 for targets broken down into ETS and non-ETS emissions, 2007 projections of 2020 energy consumption for energy efficiency 1990 for overall emission reduction target; 2005 for targets broken down into ETS and non-ETS emissions LULUCF Included ARD and forest management, other activities if elected (new accounting rules) Included Excluded Included:

July 2016, the Comission launched a proposal for a regulation on the inclusion of GHG emissions and removals from LULUCF into the 2030 climate and enegy framework (COM/2016/0479 final) and the rules of its inclusion as of 2021. Aviation*** Domestic aviation included. International aviation not attributed. Economy-wide action encouraged Domestic and some international aviation included in EU ETS Aviation generally excluded Domestic and some international aviation included in EU ETS Aviation generally excluded Use of international credits Use of KP flexible mechanisms subject to KP rules Possible Upper limit for credit use for period 2008-2020 at a maximum of 50 % of the reduction effort below 2005 levels Annual use of carbon credits is limited to up to 3 % of each Member State's ESD emissions in 2005 No No Carry-over of units (*)from preceeding periods Subject to KP rules including those agreed in the Doha Amendment No EU ETS allowances can be banked into subsequent ETS trading periods since the second trading period No carry over from previous period Indefinite validity of allowances not limited to trading periods, no need to carry over. No Gases covered CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3 CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3 CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6 CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3 Sectors included Energy, IPPU, agriculture, waste, LULUCF Energy, IPPU, agriculture, waste, LULUCF Energy, IPPU, agriculture, waste, LULUCF Power & heat generation, energy-intensive industry sectors, aviation Transport (except aviation), buildings, non-ETS industry, agriculture (except forestry) and waste Power & heat generation, energy-intensive industry sectors, aviation Transport (except aviation), buildings, non-ETS industry, agriculture (except forestry) and waste GWPs used IPCC SAR IPCC AR4 IPCC AR4 IPCC AR4 IPCC AR4 Applicable to number of MS 15 (additional KP targets for single MS) 28 and Iceland 28 Member States + possibly Iceland and Norway 28 (**) 28 Source: European Commission Note: (*) For the CP2 it refers to carry over from CP1. For the ETS it refers to carry-over from previous trading period under the scheme itself

(**) Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway are also covered under the EU-ETS (***) To be reviewed after the ICAO Assembly . 3.EU wide trends (inventory) and projections (MS WEM) per sector 3.1.Emission trends in the main sectors 3.1.1.Change in sectorial emissions In 2014, energy-related activities, such as energy production and final use including transport were responsible for 78 % of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the EU. Agriculture was responsible for 10 % of total emissions, followed by the sector Industrial Processes with 9 % and Waste with 3 %. Source: EEA, EU greenhouse gas inventory, 2016 inventory data GHG emissions decreased in the majority of sectors between 1990 and 2014, with the notable exception of transport (see figure 2), including international transport and refrigeration and air conditioning.

Source: EEA, 2016 EU greenhouse gas inventory Total emissions from energy supply fell by 6.5% in 2014 compared to 2013 levels, a total decrease by 28% in the period 1990-2014. Energy supply concerns the production of energy, such as electricity or fuels like gasoline, coal, etc. In terms of emissions, energy supply comprises mainly the emissions from public electricity and heat production (thermal power plants), which together with the other supply-side sources, namely petroleum refining and manufacture of solid fuels (coal), are responsible for the bulk of all energy-related emissions. The emissions from electricity and heat production decreased strongly since 1990 thanks to improvement in the transformation efficiency, in the context of lower heat production and higher electricity production between 1990 and 2014. In addition to improved energy efficiency there has been a move towards less carbon intensive fuels and higher generation of electricity from renewable sources. Renewable energy production in the EU reached 25.4 % share of total primary energy production in 2014. Emissions from energy use (manufacturing industries and construction, residential and service sectors) fell by 36% between 1990 and 2014. Manufacturing industries and construction was the sector responsible for largest emission reductions in the EU, in particular due to substantial improvements in carbon intensity, with emissions from solid fuels more than halving over the period, improved energy efficiency in restructured iron and steel plants and structural changes in the economy, with higher share of services and lower share of energy intensive industries in the GDP. Emissions in the residential sector also substantially decreased since 1990, notably due to energy efficiency improvements from better insulation standards in buildings and less carbon intensive fuel mix. 2014 was the hottest year on record in Europe, and the milder temperatures of autumn/winter months have partly contributed to the lower heat demand by households and therefore lower GHG emissions. Transport, responsible for around 21% of the total EU emissions in 2014 (about 23% of the total emissions if international aviation is included) is the only sector where emissions have increased over the period 1990-2014, by approximately 13 %. Transport emissions have been on a decreasing trend since 2007 but again increased in 2014. The biggest emission source within transport was by far road transport (around 95% share of the emissions in transport sector in 2014). The overall net increase in emissions was accounted for by a strong uptake of diesel and decline of gasoline use. Energy efficiency improvements and to a lesser extent increased use of less carbon intensive fuels such as LPG and biodiesel blends have led to levels of road transport emissions that would have otherwise been higher. Emissions from Agriculture in the EU have also shown a steady decline since 1990 levels, with an overall decrease of 21% in 2014. The largest reductions in emissions in the sector occurred due to decreasing use of fertiliser and manure and to declining cattle numbers. Industrial Processes, covering non-energy (i.e. non-combustion) emissions that stem from chemical processes where greenhouse gases are released were responsible for 9 % of the EU total emissions in 2014. While overall emissions from the sector were cut by 30% since 1990, due to industrial emissions policy and gains in energy efficiency in industrial processes, emissions from hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) almost quadrupled since 1990 levels, due to their use as substitutes to the ozone-depleting substances banned under the Montreal Protocol. HFCs are mostly used in refrigeration and air conditioning and the increase in emissions is consistent with both warmer climatic conditions in Europe and higher standards of comfort demanded. The Waste sector is responsible for 3% of total EU emissions and is also one of the sectors with largest emission cuts of 40% from 1990 levels. Emissions from managed waste disposal on land account for almost two thirds of total waste emissions, and showed the greatest decrease of all waste-related emissions, due to reduction of the amount of biodegradable waste going to landfills and to increase of CH4 recovered and utilised (combustion of biogas for electricity and/or heat generation) or flared. 3.2.Projections This section presents Member State projections of GHG emissions under the “with existing measures scenario” (WEM), differentiated by sector and aggregated to EU-28 level. Projections are presented for the years 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030 and 2035, and are displayed in CO2 equivalents. It should be noted that the projections of emissions related to fuel sold to ships and aircrafts engaged in international transport are not included in the totals reported in this section. The GHG WEM projections of the European Union represents a business-as-usual scenario aggregated from 28 national WEM projections where only policies and measures that have been adopted or already implemented in the Member State are considered, as far as covered by national projections. With regard to EU policy coverage the WEM projection is thus a conservative scenario. The 2016 data set of projections is based on last year's 2015 projections submissions (for Member States that did not submit new projections in 2015, the EU Reference scenario 2013 was used for gap-filling purposes) and it has been updated with the 2016 submission updates provided by some Member States. According to the WEM projections, emissions are estimated to be 23% lower in 2020 and 26% lower in 2030, as compared to 1990. When additional measures are taken into account (projections that also encompass planned policies and measures; "WAM"), projections submitted by Member States lead to a reduction of emissions by 25% in 2020 and 29% in 2030, compared to 1990. The aggregated projection for 2020 is broadly consistent with the results of the new EU Reference Scenario 2016 published by the European Commission, while for 2030 the latter projects a stronger decline of -35% in 2030 compared to 1990. 3.2.1.Total aggregate GHG emission projections per sector From a sectoral perspective, the largest share of emission reductions comes from the energy sector (supply and use, excluding transport). 'Energy supply' and 'energy use' are the two sectors which contribute the most to emissions (57%). These emissions are projected to decrease by approximately 34 % for energy use, and 32% in the case of energy supply in 2020, reaching further reductions in 2030 of 38% and 37%, respectively (vs. 1990). In absolute terms, the 'energy supply' sector is expected to contribute quantitatively more to emissions reduction in the next decades. Transport is the most important sector where emissions are expected to increase between 1990 and 2020. They will be 13 % higher in 2020 than in 1990 and stay at about this level until 2030. The LULUCF emissions present a slightly increasing trend, foreseen to reach 2% in 2020 and 3% in 2030 (vs. 1990). The rest of the sectors are projected to decrease significantly their GHG emissions in the next decades, the majority of them by 2020. The industry sector is projected to decrease its emissions by approximately 28 % in 2020 and 31% in 2030 (vs. 1990). Agriculture is projected to fall 18% and 16% in 2020 and 2030, respectively. Finally, the sector that foresees the biggest decrease (not in absolute terms but relative to its emissions) is the 'waste sector' with a cut of 44% in 2020 and projects to reduce its emissions by half in 2030 (vs. 1990).

Source: EEA, European Commission Notes: *sectors in the legend include indication of respective(s) IPCC sectoral codification. **The observed discrepancy between 2014 projections and inventory is explained by the fact that there was no major projections update in 2016 submission under Article 14 of MMR. This means that for most MS the reference year used for projections remains 2013 (or a year before), not being possible to update their models with the most recent inventory data (up to the year 2014). The projections data set therefore remains significantly close to the previous one of 2015. Nevertheless, as part of the QA/QC process carried out by the European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (ETC/ACC) supporting the European Environmental Agency (EEA), the reference year used in MS projections has been checked against the GHG emissions for that same year from the latest inventory submission. This is done to ensure that projections are calibrated with the reference year used by MS for preparing their projections. 3.3.Convergence in GHG emissions intensity and emissions per capita All Member States have experienced an improvement in GHG emissions intensity with the average annual reduction rate ranging from 0.8 % to 5.1 %. This has led to a convergence of performances between Member States ( Figure 4 ). Source: Commission, EEA Note: approximated 2015 data.

Furthermore, as shown in Figure 5 , emissions per capita have been decreasing and converging since 1990 in all Member States except for Portugal and Spain. Nevertheless for these two countries the emissions per capita are well below EU average. Source: Commission, EEA. Note: approximated 2015 data

3.4.Comparison of the EU-28 GHG total emissions and projections under the Kyoto Protocol and under the Climate and Energy Package The EU 20 % reduction commitment by 2020 under the Climate and Energy package covers EU CO2 emissions to the extent aviation is covered under the EU ETS. Since 2012 emissions that means all flights from international flights departing from, to and within the EU. The Kyoto Protocol includes GHG emissions from domestic aviation only (inventory category). The table below presents the quantitative differences between the scopes of the Kyoto Protocol and of the Climate and Energy Package. Reductions achieved by the EU-28, in 2014, when the emissions from international aviation are also taken into account, amount to -23 % compared to 1990 levels. When excluding international aviation, the reduction amounts to -24%. 1990 2005 2014 2020 Total GHG emissions 5,665 5,217 4,282 Of which domestic aviation 14 20 15 Projections as compilation of MS data, WEM scenario 4,235 -20% compared to Kyoto base year(1) 4,641 Note: (1) The Kyoto base year emissions is different from 1990 emissions level and it is estimated at 5,798 Mt CO2 eq.; 5,802 Mt CO2 eq. including Iceland 1990 2005 2014 2020 Total GHG emissions 5,735 5,348 4,419 of which domestic aviation 14 20 15 of which international aviation 70 132 137 Projections as compilation of MS data, WEM scenario 4,387 -20 % compared to 1990 4,588 4.Member States progresses towards Effort Sharing Decision targets A strong monitoring and compliance system has been put in place to monitor Member States' action and help them take corrective measures if they fail to meet their ESD targets. Inventory data submitted by the Member States needs to undergo a detailed Union review, before ESD emissions are officially determined by the European Commission. Last year technical problems with UNFCCC reporting software did not allow Member States to submit their inventories in time for the review to take place. Thus in 2016 emissions had to be reviewed both for 2013 and 2014. The 2016 review was exceptionally comprehensive – the whole inventories of all Member States had to undergo detailed 'second step' checks, ensuring inter alia proper transition of inventory reporting to 2006 IPCC guidelines. The reviewed inventory data is based on updated IPCC inventory guidelines, of which only the change of global warming potentials is reflected in the absolute ESD targets set in 2013. Table 4 below shows that Malta is the only Member State with historic ESD emissions above its targets. Malta will now have four months to use flexibility provisions under ESD (e.g. trading ESD units with other Member States), in order to comply with ESD and avoid compliance procedures. 2013 2014 Country A) B) C*)= B - A D) E) F*)= E – D 2013 ESD target compared to 2005 2013 ESD emissions data compared to 2005 Relative gap 2013 vs. ESD 2013 target 2014 ESD target compared to 2005 2014 ESD emissions data compared to 2005 Relative gap 2014 vs. ESD 2014 target Austria -9% -14% -4% -10% -17% -7% Belgium -2% -7% -5% -3% -12% -9% Bulgaria 12% -7% -20% 13% -5% -18% Croatia 4% -20% -24% 5% -22% -27% Cyprus -5% -37% -32% -5% -37% -32% Czech Republic 1% -1% -2% 2% -7% -9% Denmark -3% -12% -8% -6% -14% -9% Estonia 8% -1% -9% 8% 4% -4% Finland -6% -6% -1% -7% -11% -3% France -6% -12% -7% -7% -15% -9% Germany -5% -7% -2% -6% -12% -6% Greece -8% -31% -23% -7% -30% -23% Hungary -5% -27% -23% -3% -27% -25% Ireland -4% -13% -10% -6% -14% -8% Italy -9% -19% -10% -10% -22% -12% Latvia 9% 4% -6% 11% 7% -4% Lithuania -4% -12% -9% -1% -9% -8% Luxembourg -6% -8% -2% -8% -13% -5% Malta 6% 14% 7% 6% 17% 11% Netherlands -4% -15% -12% -5% -23% -18% Poland 9% 5% -4% 10% 2% -8% Portugal -3% -24% -21% -2% -23% -21% Romania 2% -2% -4% 4% -2% -7% Slovakia 2% -10% -13% 4% -16% -20% Slovenia 2% -9% -12% 3% -13% -16% Spain -4% -16% -11% -5% -16% -11% Sweden -7% -21% -14% -8% -23% -15% United Kingdom -8% -13% -5% -9% -17% -8%





Table 5 below presents the calculations underpinning Figure 2 of the Climate Action Progress Report. 2015 2020 Country A) B) C*)= B - A D) E) F*)= E – D 2015 ESD target compared to 2005 2015 ESD proxy emissions data compared to 2005 Relative gap 2015 proxy vs. ESD 2015 target 2020 national target (ESD target) compared to 2005 Projected 2020 non-ETS emissions compared to 2005 (with existing measures) Gap between projected 2020 non-ETS emissions versus 2020 ESD targets Austria -11% -15% -4% -16% -12% 4% Belgium -5% -8% -3% -15% -10% 5% Bulgaria 14% -3% -17% 20% -5% -25% Croatia 6% -25% -31% 11% -9% -20% Cyprus -5% -31% -25% -5% -43% -38% Czech Republic 3% -9% -12% 9% -8% -17% Denmark -8% -15% -7% -20% -19% 1% Estonia 9% -3% -11% 11% -2% -13% Finland -9% -11% -2% -16% -16% 0% France -8% -13% -5% -14% -17% -3% Germany -7% -9% -2% -14% -15% -1% Greece -7% -30% -24% -4% -26% -22% Hungary -1% -23% -22% 10% -28% -38% Ireland -8% -11% -2% -20% -8% 12% Italy -10% -19% -9% -13% -18% -5% Latvia 12% 9% -3% 17% 7% -10% Lithuania 2% -10% -11% 15% -3% -18% Luxembourg -10% -14% -3% -20% -15% 5% Malta 6% 25% 19% 5% -16% -21% Netherlands -7% -20% -13% -16% -21% -5% Poland 10% 2% -8% 14% 6% -8% Portugal -2% -24% -22% 1% -25% -26% Romania 7% -6% -12% 19% 4% -15% Slovakia 5% -14% -19% 13% -4% -17% Slovenia 3% -12% -14% 4% -8% -12% Spain -6% -16% -10% -10% -12% -2% Sweden -10% -24% -14% -17% -28% -11% United Kingdom -10% -16% -5% -16% -19% -3%



ESD reviewed Proxy emissions WEM projections 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Country Mt CO2 eq. emissions/

target absolute gap to target emissions/

target absolute gap to target emissions/

target absolute gap to target emissions/

target absolute gap to target emissions/

target absolute gap to target emissions/

target absolute gap to target emissions/

target absolute gap to target emissions/

target absolute gap to target Austria emissions 50,1 -2,5 48,2 -3,9 49,2 -2,3 51,5 0,5 51,4 1,0 51,3 1,5 51,3 1,9 51,0 2,2 target 52,6 52,1 51,5 51,0 50,4 49,9 49,3 48,8 Belgium emissions 74,3 -4,1 70,1 -6,8 73,0 -2,3 72,6 -1,1 72,4 0,2 72,2 1,5 71,9 2,7 71,6 4,0 target 78,4 76,9 75,3 73,8 72,3 70,7 69,2 67,7 Bulgaria emissions 22,2 -4,7 22,9 -4,3 23,3 -4,2 23,3 -4,4 23,2 -4,8 23,0 -5,3 22,8 -5,7 22,7 -6,1 target 26,9 27,2 27,5 27,7 28,0 28,3 28,5 28,8 Croatia emissions 15,1 -4,5 14,7 -5,1 14,1 -5,9 16,8 -3,3 16,9 -3,4 17,0 -3,5 17,1 -3,6 17,2 -3,7 target 19,6 19,8 20,0 20,2 20,4 20,6 20,8 21,0 Cyprus emissions 3,9 -2,0 3,9 -2,0 4,3 -1,6 3,7 -2,2 3,7 -2,2 3,7 -2,3 3,6 -2,3 3,6 -2,4 target 5,9 5,9 5,9 5,9 5,9 5,9 5,9 5,9 Czech Republic emissions 61,5 -1,0 57,6 -5,6 56,6 -7,3 60,4 -4,3 59,6 -5,8 58,8 -7,4 58,0 -8,9 57,2 -10,5 target 62,5 63,2 64,0 64,7 65,4 66,2 66,9 67,7 Denmark emissions 33,7 -3,1 32,6 -3,3 32,4 -2,6 32,4 -1,8 31,6 -1,6 31,2 -1,1 31,0 -0,4 30,8 0,3 target 36,8 35,9 35,0 34,1 33,2 32,3 31,4 30,5 Estonia emissions 5,8 -0,5 6,1 -0,2 5,7 -0,7 5,6 -0,7 5,6 -0,7 5,7 -0,8 5,7 -0,8 5,7 -0,8 target 6,3 6,3 6,3 6,4 6,4 6,4 6,4 6,5 Finland emissions 31,6 -0,2 30,1 -1,1 30,0 -0,8 29,8 -0,5 29,4 -0,4 29,2 -0,2 28,8 -0,1 28,4 0,0 target 31,8 31,3 30,8 30,3 29,8 29,3 28,8 28,4 France emissions 366,1 -28,0 353,5 -35,9 365,1 -19,3 356,5 -22,9 353,8 -20,5 351,2 -18,2 348,5 -15,9 345,8 -13,5 target 394,1 389,5 384,4 379,4 374,4 369,3 364,3 359,3 Germany emissions 460,2 -12,3 436,8 -29,0 448,7 -10,4 440,0 -12,4 435,4 -10,3 430,9 -8,2 426,3 -6,1 421,7 -4,0 target 472,5 465,8 459,1 452,4 445,7 439,0 432,3 425,6 Greece emissions 44,2 -14,8 44,4 -14,9 44,5 -15,1 47,5 -12,4 47,5 -12,8 47,5 -13,1 47,5 -13,5 47,4 -13,8 target 59,0 59,3 59,6 59,9 60,3 60,6 60,9 61,2 Hungary emissions 38,4 -12,0 38,4 -13,1 41,0 -11,6 38,6 -15,2 38,5 -16,3 38,5 -17,5 38,4 -18,7 38,4 -19,9 target 50,4 51,5 52,6 53,8 54,9 56,0 57,1 58,2 Ireland emissions 42,2 -4,7 41,7 -4,1 43,6 -1,0 43,8 0,3 44,0 1,7 44,4 3,2 44,7 4,6 45,0 6,0 target 46,9 45,8 44,6 43,5 42,4 41,2 40,1 39,0 Italy emissions 273,3 -34,8 265,3 -40,9 272,4 -31,8 272,8 -29,4 273,7 -26,6 274,5 -23,8 275,4 -21,0 276,2 -18,2 target 308,2 306,2 304,2 302,3 300,3 298,3 296,4 294,4 Latvia emissions 8,8 -0,5 9,0 -0,3 9,2 -0,2 8,7 -0,9 8,8 -0,9 8,9 -0,8 9,0 -0,8 9,1 -0,8 target 9,3 9,4 9,4 9,5 9,6 9,7 9,8 9,9 Lithuania emissions 11,8 -1,2 12,3 -1,0 12,1 -1,5 12,7 -1,3 12,8 -1,6 12,9 -1,9 12,9 -2,2 13,0 -2,5 target 12,9 13,3 13,7 14,0 14,4 14,7 15,1 15,5 Luxembourg emissions 9,4 -0,2 8,9 -0,5 8,8 -0,3 8,6 -0,4 8,6 -0,2 8,6 0,0 8,6 0,2 8,6 0,5 target 9,5 9,3 9,1 8,9 8,7 8,5 8,3 8,1 Malta emissions 1,3 0,1 1,3 0,1 1,4 0,2 0,9 -0,2 0,9 -0,2 0,9 -0,2 0,9 -0,2 0,9 -0,2 target 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 Netherlands emissions 108,3 -14,7 97,9 -22,8 102,0 -16,4 106,7 -9,4 105,4 -8,5 104,0 -7,6 102,6 -6,7 101,2 -5,8 target 122,9 120,7 118,4 116,1 113,9 111,6 109,3 107,0 Poland emissions 186,1 -7,5 181,5 -13,3 181,6 -14,5 188,3 -9,0 188,5 -10,1 188,7 -11,2 188,8 -12,3 189,0 -13,4 target 193,6 194,9 196,1 197,4 198,6 199,9 201,1 202,3 Portugal emissions 38,6 -10,7 38,8 -10,8 38,6 -11,3 39,8 -10,4 39,4 -11,1 38,9 -11,8 38,5 -12,4 38,1 -13,1 target 49,3 49,6 49,9 50,1 50,4 50,7 51,0 51,2 Romania emissions 72,7 -2,9 72,5 -4,9 70,0 -9,3 71,6 -9,5 72,9 -10,0 74,3 -10,4 75,7 -10,9 77,0 -11,3 target 75,6 77,5 79,3 81,1 82,9 84,7 86,6 88,4 Slovakia emissions 21,1 -2,9 19,8 -4,6 20,2 -4,6 22,4 -2,7 22,5 -3,0 22,5 -3,3 22,6 -3,6 22,6 -3,9 target 24,0 24,4 24,7 25,1 25,5 25,8 26,2 26,5 Slovenia emissions 10,9 -1,4 10,5 -1,9 10,7 -1,7 11,2 -1,2 11,1 -1,3 11,1 -1,4 11,1 -1,4 11,0 -1,5 target 12,3 12,4 12,4 12,4 12,4 12,5 12,5 12,5 Spain emissions 200,3 -27,3 199,8 -25,9 199,4 -24,3 201,1 -20,7 202,9 -17,0 204,8 -13,2 206,8 -9,2 208,4 -5,8 target 227,6 225,6 223,7 221,8 219,9 218,0 216,1 214,2 Sweden emissions 35,3 -6,4 34,5 -6,5 34,0 -6,4 33,7 -6,0 33,3 -5,8 32,9 -5,6 32,5 -5,3 32,1 -5,1 target 41,7 41,0 40,4 39,8 39,1 38,5 37,8 37,2 United Kingdom emissions 339,5 -19,3 324,4 -29,8 328,7 -21,0 337,8 -7,4 333,1 -7,6 327,9 -8,2 323,3 -8,3 315,6 -11,5 target 358,7 354,2 349,7 345,2 340,7 336,1 331,6 327,1 (1) 2013 and 2014 ESD emissions from the 2016 ESD comprehensive review of inventory data. (2) 2015 emissions data are approximated inventory data (Art. 8 of the MMR) (3) 2016-2020 projected emissions in effort sharing sectors from MS with existing measures



5.Key figures for Kyoto CP1 compliance

Total quantity of Kyoto Protocol units in the retirement account IAA GHG emissions 2008-2012 AAUs ERUs RMUs CERs tCERs lCERs Total Eu-15 19621381509 18822263095 17.368.888.639 445.838.157 302.009.951 725.166.210 1.615.811 - 18.843.518.768 Total quantity of Kyoto Protocol units in the retirement account IAA GHG emissions 2008-2012 (tCO2eq) AAUs ERUs RMUs CERs tCERs lCERs Total Austria 343.866.009 414.658.054 362.501.669 11.975.750 6.786.726 33.393.909 - - 414.658.054 Belgium 673.995.528 626.308.776 590.701.837 9.451.546 - 26.162.846 - - 626.316.229 Denmark 276.838.955 297.947.591 257.813.160 14.510.576 8.654.523 17.005.884 - - 297.984.143 Finland 355.017.545 338.353.531 304.541.813 4.088.755 17.449.492 12.273.471 - - 338.353.531 France 2.819.626.640 2.538.856.531 2.425.839.655 24.706.979 23.648.026 64.661.871 - - 2.538.856.531 Germany 4.868.096.694 4.706.574.671 4.245.979.938 194.764.982 39.728.163 226.101.588 - - 4.706.574.671 Greece 668.669.806 598.504.091 568.566.201 11.322.449 2.052.032 16.563.409 - - 598.504.091 Ireland 314.184.272 308.508.846 280.189.478 4.294.121 16.291.152 6.512.114 1.221.981 - 308.508.846 Italy 2.416.277.898 2.479.638.840 2.258.521.514 46.715.521 75.276.599 98.993.939 131.267 - 2.479.638.840 Luxembourg 47.402.996 60.116.132 53.190.972 395.536 373.279 5.893.782 262.563 - 60.116.132 Netherlands 1.001.262.141 997.119.267 928.949.317 29.763.371 - 38.406.579 - - 997.119.267 Portugal 381.937.527 362.098.075 302.650.818 4.567.634 44.760.045 10.119.578 - - 362.098.075 Spain 1.666.195.929 1.791.980.049 1.568.312.827 65.062.121 52.780.585 105.824.516 - - 1.791.980.049 Sweden 375.188.561 305.573.749 295.466.371 2.113.323 - 7.994.055 - - 305.573.749 United Kingdom 3.412.080.630 3.017.236.560 2.925.663.069 22.105.493 14.209.329 55.258.669 - - 3.017.236.560 Total quantity of Kyoto Protocol units in the retirement account IAA GHG emissions 2008-2012 AAUs ERUs RMUs CERs tCERs lCERs Total Bulgaria 610.045.827 312.859.911 285.924.659 13.587.718 3.563.874 9.783.660 312.859.911 Croatia 148.778.503 144.820.156 139.023.568 487.493 5.090.172 218.923 - - 144.820.156 Czech Republic 893.541.801 680.149.966 626.791.646 25.128.765 6.584.129 21.645.426 680.149.966 Estonia 196.062.637 95.304.517 90.835.022 4.255.338 - 214.157 - - 95.304.517 Hungary 542.366.600 335.956.338 325.001.828 1.172.944 7.277.911 2.503.655 335.956.338 Latvia 119.182.130 56.453.901 48.478.397 490.531 6.233.333 1.251.640 56.453.901 Lithuania 227.306.177 109.786.321 97.066.552 3.477.985 5.893.563 3.348.131 - - 109.786.321 Poland 2.648.181.038 2.006.265.534 1.947.596.833 2.061.462 27.766.419 28.840.820 2.006.265.534 Roumania 1.279.835.099 615.929.959 584.842.690 4.479.948 17.988.730 8.618.591 - - 615.929.959 Slovakia 331.433.516 227.690.025 209.505.856 2.327.557 1.394.152 14.462.460 - - 227.690.025 Slovenia 93.628.593 98.542.441 85.504.459 4.695.634 6.600.000 1.742.348 - - 98.542.441 IAA GHG emissions 2008-2012 AAUs ERUs RMUs CERs tCERs lCERs Total EU (26) 26.711.003.052 23.527.233.832 21.809.460.149 508.003.532 390.402.234 817.796.021 1.615.811 - 23.527.277.837 Source: UNFCC, European Commission. Note: IIA: Initial Assigned Amount, AAU: Assigned Amount Unit, ERU: Emission Reduction Unit, RMU: Removal Unit, CER:Certified Emission reduction, tCER:temporary Certified Emission Reduction, lCER:long-term Certified Emission Reduction. AAUs ERUs CERs EU15 2.124.109.368,00 0 0 AAUs ERUs CERs Austria 4.945 360 2.322.185 Belgium 1.706.252 3.267.881 16.822.907 Denmark - - - Finland 14.018.572 2.917.220 6.798.242 France 187.377.092 - - Germany - - - Greece 37.224.272 3.493.262 4.392.299 Ireland 7.816.073 74.964 5.255.000 Italy 795.601 1.108.946 2.138.152 Luxembourg 59 - 527.006 Netherlands - - 3.684.180 Portugal 40.608.686 595.005 4.149.718 Spain 16.062.657 2.171.080 14.742.035 Sweden 262.565 1.225.069 7.845.487 United Kingdom 1.162.710 85.302.015 27.524.671 AAUs ERUs CERs Bulgaria 259.659.629 2.284.921 913.430 Croatia 9.048.519 - - Czech republic 48.272.014 - - Estonia 19.868.929 2.127.338 440.523 Hungary 166.996.521 3.876.894 5.336.676 Latvia 28.249.726 5.317 21.550 Lithuania 71.822.887 2.327.000 246.966 Poland 411.095.255 42.388.889 42.968.220 Romania 532.594.270 17.870.726 8.692.621 Slovakia 28.624.050 - - Slovenia 1.248.230 - -

AAUs ERUs CERs EU (26) 4.008.628.882 171.036.887 154.821.868 Source: UNFCC, European Commission. Note: AAU: Assigned Amount Unit, ERU: Emission Reduction Unit, CER: Certified Emission reduction. 6.Member States Climate Finance In 2015, EU Member States submitted to the European Commission their third annual reports on financial and technology support provided to developing countries pursuant to Article 16 of the Monitoring Mechanism Regulation (MMR) with information for the year 2014. The information submitted by EU Member States is in accordance with the relevant provisions of the UNFCCC, including the common formats agreed under UNFCCC for the biennial reports. In 2014, the EU and its Member States contributed EUR 14.5bn in climate finance. EU and Member States Climate finance (€ million) Austria 141,27 Belgium 142,74 Bulgaria 0,07 Croatia 0,03 Cyprus 0,00 Czech Republic 10,80 Denmark 222,04 Estonia 0,53 Finland 132,25 France 2921,43 Germany 5130,61 Greece 0,04 Hungary 2,71 Ireland 41,44 Italy 143,23 Latvia 0,42 Lithuania 0,26 Luxembourg 36,26 Malta 0,08 Netherlands 339,98 Poland 4,19 Portugal 9,52 Romania 0,03 Slovakia 1,23 Slovenia 2,35 Spain 498,75 Sweden 384,75 United Kingdom 1551,43 European Commission 677,01 European Investment Bank 2098,50 EU total 14493,94 Source: Reporting submitted by MS under Monitoring Mechanism Regulation (EU) n 525/2013; OECD data on imputed multilateral climate related finance. This figure includes climate finance sources from public budgets and other development financial institutions. The 2014 figure also includes climate finance from the EIB of EUR 2.1bn and OECD data on imputed multilateral contributions. The data is reported on the basis of technical guidance from the European Commission for reporting under Article 16, as discussed with Member States. Differences in reporting methodologies and in the scope of the data still exist, despite efforts by the EU and its Member States to harmonise reporting methodologies. Types of activities The EU and its Member States supported both activities that reduce greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation) and adaptation to the consequences of climate change. Of all climate funding, approximately 58% was devoted to mitigation and 14% to adaptation. The remaining 28% was multi-purpose climate finance with both adaptation and mitigation objectives, including the fight against deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD+).

7.Adaptation to climate change The 2013 EU strategy on adaptation to climate change aims at making Europe more climate-resilient. It promotes adaptation action across the EU, ensuring that adaptation considerations are addressed in all relevant EU policies (mainstreaming), promoting greater coordination, coherence and information-sharing. In 2017, the European Commission will report to the EU Parliament and Council on the implementation of the Adaptation Strategy. This report will also include an assessment of the progress made by Member States in terms of adaptation action and hence preparedness. Progress will be assessed, inter alia, on the basis of the reports provided in 2015 by Member States within the framework of the Monitoring Mechanism Regulation. Some general trends are described below: