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Vol. 1984/0 127 
  
 
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COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(84)  280 final
Brussels, 22nd M a y  1984
R E P O R T  O N  T H E  SITUATICI O R  T H E  H E R R IN G  M A R K E T
C O M (84) 280 final

E X P L A N A T O R Y  M E M O R A N D U M
D u r mg its session of 3 1  January 1984, thè Council requested thè Commission 
to draw un a  report evaluating thè market situation of herring in thè
C o m m u n  it y  .
Having coilected within thè M em ber States thè necessary Information, thè 
Commission has drawn up this report which is n ow  submitted to thè
C ounc i  t .
It deals with thè following matters :
a) thè evolution of thè situation during recent years concerning production, 
prices, withdrawals and trade;
b) thè present situation relating to thè E E C  import regime and thè outlets;
c) thè needs of thè processing industry as they appear after a  sample 
survey m ade by thè COmmission.

R  E  P  0 R  T  
on
The situation on thè herring market
A t its meeting of 3 1  January 1984, thè Council requested thè Commission to 
draw up a  report on thè situation on thè Community herring market. This 
document has been drawn up in compliance with that request.
INTRODUCTION
In thè 1960s and thè first hdlf of thè 1970s herring-fishing, both for hum an 
and industriai consumption, was a major Community activity. Fai Iure to 
take sufficient account of biological considerations, despite thè repeated 
warnings of internaltion advisory bodies on fisheries, led to a deteriora- 
tion in thè state of stocks in most Community waters from thè beginning of 
thè 1970s onwards.
Various protection measures therefore had to be introduced (a ban on 
fisheries at certain times of thè year, introduction of TACs, etc.). These 
measures had little  effect mainly because they were applied too late to 
permit thè repienishment of stocks. A  total ban on herring fishing in 
thè North Sea therefore had to be imposed from February 1977 until 
October 1981 in subarea "c", until M a y  1983 insub-areas "a" and "b", in 
thè Celtic Sea from March 1977 to September 1982 and off thè west of 
Scotland from M a y  1977 to June 1981 (for thè Mourne stock from 
1978 to 1981).
After these fallow years, thè conditions are therefore met for a reacti- 
vation of herring-fishing in thè abovementioned areas. The foreseeable 
growth of Community herring production in thè years to com e consequently 
warrants an examination of thè market situation.

-  2 -
I. T  H I  SIIUAFIQN IN  RECENT Y E A R S  (1975 - 1983)
a. Production prices and withdrawals
Table 1  in thè Annex traces thè development of herring production in thè
Communi ty.
From this table it can be seen that before 1977, when part of production 
was intended for industriai use (fishmeal, manufacture), very high 
catches were recorded at Community level (more than 700.000 tonnes in 
1972 and 1973) only to fall steeply in 1974 and 1975 and even more steeply 
in 1976.
After 1977, w hen catches for industriai purooses were forbidrien,. from a catch
l eV e l~  oT 'c  round 200.000 tonnes onw.rds (1  ), production remai ned stagnant until
thè first signs of an upturn only becoming apparent in 1980. This (1979,
increase in production was clearly confirmed in 1981 and 1982. A s
regards 1983, thè figures are provisionai but production will proba-
bly be at least equal to that of 1982 i.e. approximately 240.000
tonnnes not ocunting by-catches.
As regards thè development of prices on thè Community market, Tables 3  
and 3a cali forth thè following comments :
- At Communi_t^_level :
Before 1977, thè average Community price showed relatively little  change 
except'Tn T974 (26%  up on 1973). B y  contrast, from 1977 onwards an 
interesting correlation is to be observed between prices and produc- 
tion :  fall in production and increase inprices from 1977 to 
1979; upturn in production and graduai fall in prices from 1980 
to 1982.
- In thè Eresent_four_mainBroducing_countries :
There follows a brief assessment of thè link between market prices and 
production :
a. Denmark :  With thè exception of 1975, prices before 1979 rose fcirly
steadily, which is to be explained partly by a corresponding 
cutback in procii.ction'> from 1980 onwards thè situation is 
not so clear-cut although in overall terms any increase 
in production has been matched by a fall in prices.
b. United Kingdom :  From  1975 to 1977 prices rose relatively slowly in
line with a steady fall in production; from 1977 to
1979 thè rise in prices, which occurred in inverse 
proportion to a steep fall in production, was far 
more significant; thè fall in prices recorded in
1980 w as further accentuated in 1981, reflecting 
a  clear upturn in production.
c. Netherlands :  Before 1977, prices increased regularly with thè'
exception of 1974, production remaining stationary 
in overall terms. In 1977 a severe fall in production (  
w as recorded along with a  substantial rise in prices, 
in 1978 a major fall in both produrti on and prices, and 
from 1981 onwards an appreciable upturn in production, 
thè development of prices being far less clear-cut 
(overall fall with thè exception of 1982).
(1) With effect from 29 September 1977 (see Council Regulation (EEC) No 2115/77 
of 27 September 1977, 0J L  No 247, 28.9.1977).

- 3 -
d. I  re l  and :  Bef.ore 1977, prices rose in inverse proportion to an overall 
fall in production; from 1977 to 1980, production develop- 
ped more or less in parallel with prices but at substan- 
tially higher levels than those recorded in thè period 
before 1977; from 1981 onwards thè price/production corre- 
lation appears less marked.
—  A s  for withdrawals, thè situation at Community level has been as follows
- from 1978 to 1980, withdrawals as a percentage of production were very 
low;
- from 1981 to 1983 thè situation deteriorated for thè Community as a 
whole (approximately 1 0 %  of production withdrawn - see table 2) but 
nonetheless improved in 1983.
B y  w ay  of comparison, thè situation as regards withdrawals of mackerel
(also a  pelagic species) w as as follows :
- before 1980 withdrawals as a percentage of production were low;
- in 1980 and 1981 thè situation deteriorated for thè Community as a  
whole (approximately 1 1 %  of production withdrawn);
- 1982 saw  an improvement in thè situation which was confirmed in 1983.
It should be pointed out that since a System of degressive financial 
compensation w as introduced into thè com m on organization of thè 
markets on 1.1.1983 thè budgetary impact of withdrawals has been more 
l im i ted.
b. Concomitant development of external trade and apparent consumption  
— External trade
*  A s  can be seen from Table 4, thè Community was a net importer of fresh 
ahd frozen herring (thè most com m on presentations) during thè period 
in question.
Fresh or chi,Lied herring (whole, headless or in pieces, from 1978 to 1982)
1. Volume_3n^gHg2n_of_imgorts
\
1.1. V olum e
Imports from non-member countries increased by 4 3 %  (from 70.811 tonnes 
to 101.477 tonnes), intra-Community trade increasing during thè sam e 
period by 1 0 3 %  (from 44.690 tonnes to 90.754 tonnes).
1.2. Origin
In 1978 thè Community imported approximately 62.300 tonnes of 
fresh herring from Sweden and 3.700 tonnes from Norway. This 
figure rose to approximately 96.000 tonnes in 1982, Sweden alone ,  
satisfying 7 9 %  of thè Community's import requirements, which 
constituted a substantial fall in relative terms compared with 
thè years immediately before (88%  in 1980 and 8 4 %  in 1981).

- 4 -
2. Volume_of_exgorts
Exports to non-member countries, which mainly involved sales to 
Eastern European ships, rose from 3.445 tonnes to 20.633 tonnes, 
intra-Community trade risingfiou 49.397 tonnes to 88.600 tonnes 
(+  79%).
Frozen herring (whole, headless or in pieces, from 1978 to 1982)
1. Volume_and_gr|g 2n_of_i,mgorts
1.1. V oi u rn e
Imports from non-member countries feti appreciably (by 6 7 %  from 
77.202 tonnes in 1978 to 25.272 tonnes in 1982) and trade between 
M em ber States rose slowly (from 28.012 tonnes in 1978 to 31.577 
tonnes in 1982, i.e. an increase of 12%).
1.2. Origìn
In 1978 thè Community imported roughly 65.000 tonnes of frozen herring 
from Canada and, to a  tesser extent, thè United States. B y  1982, this 
figure had fallen to roughly 15.000 tonnes. (Total imports from non- 
m em ber countries in 1982 :  25.272 tonnes, of which 5 7 %  carn e from 
Canada, 1 7 %  from Iceland, 1 0 %  from Sweden and 8 %  from Norway).
2. V o  lume_of_exgorts
During thè period under consideration, exports to non-member countries 
rose from 3.042 tonnes to 16.257 tonnes and trade withtin thè E E C  from 
22.679 tonnes to 28.348 tonnes (an increaseof 24%).
Table 5, which covers only 1981 and 1982, shows thè main trade flows in thè 
sam e period.
V  i  z  :
- thè importing country most fresh herring w as Denmark (approximately
90.000 tonnes in 1981 and 1982);
- a  substantial portion of Danish fresh herring imports (approximately 
56.500 tonnes in 1982) was re-exported to thè Federai Republic of
Germany; _  _  .
- thè latter w as not only thè i.icin Community destination for fresh herring 
but also thè largest importer of frozen herring (approximately 14.000 
tonnes in 1982);
- thè main exporter of fresh herring was thè United Kingdom (approximately
16.000 tonnes in 1982), w hi le thè main exporter of frozen herring was 
thè Netherlands (approximately 11.500 tonnes in 1982).
Apparent consumption
In 1976 apparent consumption of fresh and frozen herring in thè Community 
amounted to approximately 450.000 tonnes (1), only to fall to and remain 
around 300.000 (1,2) in thè years 1981 - 1982. The Federai Republic of 
Germany and D enm ark were thè main consumers in 1981 and 1982.
TlT L i ve welgtìt
(2) A  further 50.000 tonnes should be added for thè other presentations.

- 5  -
A s  for thè British market, in 1975 it w as s tili consuming roughly 90.000 
tonnes; consumption teli from 1977 onwards but this situation m ay  be purely 
temporary.
In Frante thè sam e situation prevailed as in thè United Kingdom. B y  contrast 
a certain upturn in consumption seemed to occur in thè Netherlands in 1982 
and 19:,3 as compared with thè years immediately preceding 1981.
In short, thè following conclusions m ay be drawn :
1 ) trade between M em ber States rose slightly in thè period from 1978 to 1983; 
this development w as more marked in thè case of fresh herring than in
that of frozen herring
2) W h e n  all presentations are considered together, overall recourse to 
imports has tended to fall since 1980; thè situation can be attributed 
wholly to thè major fall in imports of frozen herring; by contrast, 
imports of fresh herring have considereably increased since 1979.
3) Frozen herring exports to non-member countries went mainly to Eastern 
Europe and exports of fresh herring to thè Klondykers, especially since 
1981
A ) thè rise in Community production was proportionally more rapid than thè 
reduction in imports, at least in thè period from 19"1 to 1902 (1), .uhieh 
served to increase total herring supplies available on thè Community 
market.
II. P R E S E N T  SITU A TIO N
a. The C om m unity import arrangements
It should be pointed out that for thè period from 1 5 February to 15 June, thè 
duty on fresh, chi Lied or frozen herring (whole, headless or in pieces) is 
bound at zero.
For thè period from 16 June to 14 February it is bound at 1 5 %  for these 
sam e presentations provided that thè quotas in force have been exhausted. 
These quotas currently break dow n as follows :
a) an annual quota of 34.000 tonnes agreed to under G A T T  for thè period 
from 16 June tó 14 February
b) an autonomous quota of 26.000 tonnes for thè period from 16 June 1984 
to 3 1  December 1984.
Furthermore, by virtue of various arrangements and agreements, preferential 
rates apply to certain other presentations of herring currently imported.
M ore specifically :
- for frozen herring f ille ts , Iceland pays no duty while Norway and thè 
Faeroes pay 3 %  (T D C  :  15%);
- for flaps prepared or preserved in vinegar, Iceland is subject to a duty 
of 1 0 %  and thè Faeroes a  duty of 4% . A s regards Canada, thè duty amounts 
to 1 0 %  within thè limits of a quota which will reach 7.000 tonnes in 1987 
(T D C  :  20%).
Tables 6 and 7  in thè A nnex show thè origin of thè fresh and frozen herring 
imported by thè Community in thè period 1980 - 1982. !
(1) 1983 figures provisionai

-  6 -
b.  OutI ets
At present there are tuo  types of outlet for herring for human consumption :  
thè internai market, which is by far thè more important of thè two, and  
thè export market. Due to thè ban on herring fishing for industriai  
purposes, fish-meal can onty be produced from products which have been with-  
drawn from thè Community market.
1. T he immediate outlook for thè internai market is difficult to gauge. 
The ban on herring-fishing in thè North Sea since 1977 has led to 
considerale changes in consumer habits. In particular, as will be 
explained in greater detail furhter on, thè processing industry 
has had to adapt to new  sources of supply and thè use of substitute 
products such as mackerel. Consequently there have been substantial 
changes in certain finished or semi-finished products ptaced on thè 
market and a relative adaptation of consumption to thè new  situation.
In such a  context and given thè constantly changing situation, it is 
difficult to draw conclusions for thè future by analysing thè 
current market situation. Furthermore, since thè information 
supplied by thè M em ber States is very incomplete and fragmentary 
w e  shall for thè m om ent confine ourselves to only a few basic 
considerations.
- The first of these is thè importance of thè German market, which 
accounts for 60 ' / . (or 200.000 tonnes live weight) of total herring 
consumption in thè Community, broken dow n roughly as follows :
canned herring
pickled herring (medianized processing) 
pickled herring (manual processing) 
maat j  es
smoked herring 
fresh herring 
other destinations70.000
60.000 
20.000  
20.000
5.000 
25.000 
A . 000tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
F or thè  record, around thè mid-1970s 250.O O t)  tonnes of herring were 
consumed on thè German market. The fall in consumption seems mainly 
tò have affected canned products, where herring has been partly dis- 
pllaced by canned mackerel and pilchards, which are not too expen- 
sive fòr thè consumer;
- as regards thè other markets, thè following points should be borne 
in mind :
- in France, consumption of lightly salted fille ts  has been rising since 
1981 in preference to other presentations, particularly smoked
herring. The same phenomenon seems to be occurring in thè Nethei—  
lands;
- in thè United Kingdom, thè morose state of thè market may reflect a  
reorientation of thè processing industry towards other products  
rather than a  negative trend in consumer habits as such;
- as for thè other Member States, thè information available is in- '
sufficient basis for any assessment.

7
In addition to the lack of information already referred to, it is also 
difficult to assess the situation because the Community market is 
currently in a state of transition.
It is also difficult to predict the profitability outlook for the proces­
sing industry. The fact that processing capacities are underused in 
certain Member States makes it risky to draw any hard and fast conclu­
sions. All that can be said is that herring are sure to follow the same 
trend as other products i.e. increased marketing of presentations with 
greater added value.
2. Exports cover both frozen and fresh herring. In the case of frozen 
herring, the volume of exports has risen appreciably since 1981. For 
the last three years the Eastern European countries, (Poland and
fzerhnsIovakia)  have been importing substantial quantities of 
frozen herring from the Community.
As regards fresh herring, a new trade flow has developed since 1981 
with the sale of this product to ships from the Eastern European 
countries. Although this type of sale has fewer beneficial effects 
in terms of industrial development and economic spin-off than the 
use of herring by the processing industry, such transactions are 
nonetheless necessary in order to ensure that a part of production is 
disposed of.
By the way of illustration in 1981 the United Kingdom sold at sea
13.000 tonnes of fresh herring, in 1982 17.000 tonnes and in 1983
26.000 tonnes.
3. If one discounts by-catches of herring the Community fishmeal industry 
will for the immediate future, have to rely on market-withdrawals
for its supplies. If herring fishing for industrial purposes is 
resumed, a new situation will arise, the consequences of which are 
difficult to predict in the present beyond the short term. Prices 
are at present relatively high, a situation which should continue 
for some time due to the interplay of factors such as the diffi­
culties encountered by South American fishmeal producers, the poor soya 
harvest in America and the high rate for the US dollar.
c. Present situation as regards production, prices, withdrawals and external  
Trade
For lack of details from the Member States on the most recent developments 
aS regards production, prices, withdrawals and external trade, the Commission 
is unable to report on this subject.
III. The processing industry and its requirements
In recent months the Commission staff has carried out a survey among the 
Member States in order to gauge more accurately the requirements of the 
Community processing industry and the structure of its demands. On the 
basis of the information supplied, which we have been unable to check, 
the pcesent~siLuation may be described as follows.

-  8 -
In general, two types of herring are used for processing in the Community :  
large herrings corresponding to size 1 under the Community Legislation (1), 
and smaller herrings corresponding to size 3 and to a Lesser extent size 
2 under the Community Legislation. In general, the ratio of Large herrings 
to small is 45 - 50 (large)/50 - 55 (small). Against this background, 
the situation should be examined in the various Member States :
- in Germany, the ratio of large to small herrings is roughly 1 :  1;
- in the Netherlands only large herrings are used to produce maatjes; 
the same is true as regards smoked products (2) in the United Kingdom 
and Ireland;
- in Denmark the requirements of the processing industry are considerably 
differents :  55 - 60% of the raw material consists of small herrings 
(used mainly for pickling) caught in ICES divisions Ilia and 111b, c and 
d, (Skagerak, Kattegat and Baltic). Of the herrings landed in
Denmark (national production and imports), 58% are of size 2 or 3 and 40% 
of size 1. Part of this quantity is re-exported to Germany, where it 
is processed. The Danish and German processing industries current 
overall requirements as regards herrings of sizes 2 and 3 reportedly 
amount to 115.000 tonnes per year.
The processing industry has other problems, however, quite apart from 
the size of fish to be used. These c.oncern matters such as fishing 
mehtods, the grading of fish, freshness ratings, handling (fresh, chilled 
of salted), price levels and the maturity of fish (fat content).
Furthermore, it should be borne in mind that before the 1977 ban on 
herring fishing, the supplies of the processing industry came mainly 
from the North Sea. Since then the industry has had to find other sources 
of supply ICES divisions Ilia and IIIb, c, d and the current 
structure of the market needs a diversification of these sources to 
which the industry has easily gained access, mainly by virtue of 
favourable import arrangements.
(1) See table 8
(2) According to the British processing industry, the fish needed to produce the 
main presentations must have the following characteristics :
- for smoking :  12 % fat content
3 to 6 herrings per kg (size 1)
- for pickling :  8 % fat content
maximum 14/15 herrings per kg (size 3)
- m a.it ;e? :  <T %  f.it content
7 tc maximum '0 herrings per kg vsizes 1  and 2).

r, .c l: 1
KERRI.'G CATO'ES (live vjs i ^ in tonnes. c.ll ICES areus together!
YEAR FRGFR NL Q UKIRL DK TOT A X .
1971 8 5 .5 3 1 2 3 .5 0 0 5 3 .4 0 0 681 1 5 7 .1 1 9 3 1 .2 0 0 3 3 2 .3 0 0 6 8 3 .7 3 1
1972 5 3 .6 5 1 2 9 .9 0 0 5 6 .3 0 0 1 .3 3 8 1 6 1 .6 8 4 4 7 .8 0 0 3 5 7 .9 0 0 7 0 8 .5 7 3
1973 7 1 .0 0 0 3 3 .6 0 0 7 3 .3 0 0 2 .1 6 0 1 6 7 .1 2 5 3 8 .9 0 0 3 8 3 .0 0 0 7 6 9 .0 8 5
1974 5 9 .0 6 5 2 5 .2 7 9 5 9 .3 0 7 6 2 7 1 6 0 .2 9 0 3 9 .6 0 8 1 7 6 .8 9 6 5 2 1 .0 7 2
1975 5 1 .9 3 3 3 0 .4 9 8 7 0 .9 8 0 2 .4 5 1 1 2 3 .7 7 8 2 9 .7 5 2 2 1 6 .6 6 2 5 2 6 .0 5 4
19 7 6 2 2 .8 0 0 2 1 .6 6 2 5 7 .0 9 0 1 .4 4 5 9 8 .6 7 4 2 2 .2 2 7 1 0 7 .2 5 2 3 3 1 .1 5 0
19 7 7 8 .1 3 5 4 .1 6 4 1 9 .7 0 1 57 5 1 .7 7 8 2 3 .4 3 6 9 3 .5 8 9 2 0 0 .8 6 0
19 7 8 8 .2 0 5 4 .2 0 1 7 .6 9 4 1 2 2 .7 4 2 2 6 .4 7 3 6 6 .5 0 8 1 3 5 .8 2 4
19 7 9 7 .8 2 4 3 .5 9 7 3 .2 2 3 2 1 2 .3 1 6 2 7 .3 8 3 6 3 .9 2 1 1 1 8 .2 6 6
1980 1 0 .1 3 5 6 .1 2 6 2 .7 9 9 2 .5 7 3 1 1 .4 2 8 3 6 .8 0 0 6 5 .9 7 0 1 3 5 .8 3 1
1981 1 4 .8 2 0 1 4 .0 3 7 1 8 .3 3 0 :  8 .8 9 9 3 6 .4 7 5 2 9 .6 1 0 8 9 .2 9 2 2 1 1 .4 6 3
1982 1 7 .6 3 7 1 5 .1 4 3 3 5 .1 8 8 9 .9 1 4 4 8 .2 8 1 2 9 .7 3 0 8 3 .7 1 4 2 3 9 .6 0 7
19 8 3  ( 1 ) 1 6 .0 0 0 1 6 .0 0 0 4 2 .6 2 2 5 .9 7 2 5 1 .3 8 5 3 2 .2 0 0 6 4 .0 0 0 2 2 8 .1 7 9
Sources s  'C R O N O S  ana D G  X IV
(1) The figures for 1983 are provisional

TABLE 2
WITHDRAWALS, AS A PERCENTAGE OF PRODUCTION (in tor.fics)
FfTG DK B
YEAR
P r o d u c ­
t i o n
1With­
drawal:
2%age 
2 : 1P r o d u c ­
t i o n
1Wi ttj- 
dr anal.: 
2'age 
2 : 1P r o d u c ­
t i o n
1With- 
c r o w ti 1 s 
2%age 
2 :  1P r o d u c ­
t i o n
1W i  111- 
o '  p w c, L 
2%age 
2 :  1
1978 8.205 490,666.508 6671 1--22.742 --
1979 7.824 9251263.9211.732 2,7 2i5012.316 --
198010.135 1651,6 65.970 4220,62.573 --11.428 --
198114.820 588489.2923.482 3,98.899 7358,236.4758.07422,1
198217.637 1660,9 83.7147.518 8,99.914 7937,948.28113.19927,3
198316.000 1050,6 64.0004.138 6,45.972 69311,651.3857.60914,8
Source Withdrawals  :  DG XIV 
Production s  CRONOS ^nd 06 “IV

Y  F "3F IRL NLC p r
P r o d u c ­
t i o n
1Wi u  il —  
dri.w c.L i 
2% age 
2 s 1P r o d u c ­
t i o n
1u i u  ;  i -  
d r^ w iL s 
2%  a g e
2 : 1P r o d u c ­
t i o n
1idi
d rc  ' i
nue Ls 
2% age
2 : 1P r o d u c ­
t i o n
1wi -
jr i.u i.L r
2% age
2 : 1
1978 4 .2 0 1 2 - 2 6 .4 7 3 189 0 , 7 7 .6 9 4 - - 1 3 5 .8 2 4 907 0 , 6
1979 3 .5 9 7 15 0 , 4 2 7 .3 8 3 280 1 3 .2 2 3 - - 1 1 8 .2 6 6 2 .1 5 3 1 ,8
1980 6 .1 2 6 6 - 3 6 .8 0 0 112 0 , 3 2 .7 9 9 - - 1 3 5 .8 3 1 3 .3 1 7 2 , 4
1981 1 4 .0 3 7 10 - 2 9 .6 1 0 4 .3 5 1 1 4 ,7 1 8 .3 3 0 8 6 3 4 , 7 2 1 1 .4 6 3 1 8 .1 0 3 8 , 5
1982 1 5 .1 4 3 1 .8 5 8 1 2 ,2 2 9 .7 3 0 6 .8 6 9 2 3 ,1 3 5 .1 8 8 1.3 2 0 3 , 7 2 3 9 .6 0 7 3 1 .7 2 3 1 3 ,2
1983 1 6 .0 0 0 1 .8 3 7 1 1 ,4 3 2 .2 0 0 5 .4 1 5 1 6 ,8 4 2 .6 2 2 2.0 2 4 4 , 8 2 2 8 .1 7 9 2 1 .8 2 1 9 , 5

CATCHES, -AVERAGE PRICES A rtD  WITHDRAWAL PRICES FOR HERRIuGTAOLE 3
quantities 
average prices ■  
withdrawal prices:

TA3LE 3.1
AVERAGE PRICES RECORDED IN REPRESENTATIVE PORTS IN EACM COUNTRY
YEAR DKERGNL IR LUKPEECG u id in g
p r i c e s
1973 2 2 9 183 200 154 129 220 181 196
1974 2 5 8 2 0 5 195 222 2 0 9 261 2 2 8 2 0 6
1975 2 3 8 ' 162 241 227 183 224 2 1 4 206
1976 289 205 275 273 2 1 8 301 2 6 5 227
1977 375 199 4 1 6 396 4 7 9 7 0 7 411 247
1978 4 0 9 - 362 4 1 4 581 650 4 4 7 259
1979 502 - 571 423 7 6 3 757 4 9 9 313
1980 4 8 2 - 3 0 9 400 5 9 5 4 4 5 4 6 4 313
1981 4 2 5 3 6 7 2 6 9 228 2 3 3 313 3 6 6 329
1982 4 0 5 2 8 6 2 8 8 281 2 5 3 3 3 2 3 4 6 3 3 6
1 9 8 3 * 341 231 2 7 9 281 2 3 0 337 3 1 9 3 3 6
S o u r c e  s Heuber States 
U n l t g  : 19 7 3  to 1978 s u.a./t 
1 9 7 9  to 1983 : E C U /t
* first six months

'  «3LI 4
EC HERRING SUPPLIES .(t) AMO APPARENT CONSUMPTION (in tonnes)
1975 1976 T977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 19832)
•.Imports fro m  outside EC
- fresit
- frozen129.871
87.312
42.559125.370
76.031
49.339143.976 
.  ,  74.768 
69.298*148.013
70.811
77.202151.365
83.391
67.974152.037
95.342
56.695138.222
94.544
43.678126.749
101.477
25.272133.121
110.809
22.312
I.Cniports from within EC
- fresh
- frozen126. 134 
90.309 
35.825113.208
79.127
34.08178.817
s i ^ s
27.50272.702
44.690
28.01284.035
53.161
30.874107.807
76.536
31.271118.708
87.745
30.963122.331
90.754
31.577120.068
92.264
27.804
l.tx,oorts to outside EC
- fresh
- frozen16.296
4.181
12.11511.521 
3. 127 
8.3949.376
3.830
5.5466.487
3.445
3.0426.776 
3. 109 
3.6676.457 
3. 101 
3.35614.738
5.772
8.96636.890
20.633
16.25763.188 
49.700 
13.488
4.  Exports to vjithin EC
- fresh
- frozen113.029
87.010
26.019102.608
75.853
26.75580.789
57.424
23.36572.076
49.397
22.67981.443
53.666
27.777104.863
77.514
27.349111.900
85.017
26.883116.948
88.600
28.348108.039
86.888
21.151
5. Balance of external 
trade (1-3)113.575 113.849 134.600 141.526 144.589 145.580 123.484 89.859 69.933
Catches 526.054 331.150 200.860 135.824 118.266 135.831 211.463 239.607 228.179
7# Withdrawals n.a. n.a. n.a. 9072.953 3.317 18.103 31.723 21.821
g Apparent consumption 
(5+6-7)i639.629 444.999 335.460 276.443 259.902 278.094 316.844 297.743 276.291
■1) Whole,. fresit, chilled and frozen 
■2) External trade :  provisional figures 
.a. : not available
SOURCES :catches and withdrawals CRONOS ir'd DG XIV
external trade :  nimexe

i  (O LE 5
WHOLE HERRING SUPPLIES (FRESH., CHILLED A HD FROZEN) AND APPARENT CONSUMPTION PER ;,?”3Er STATE
( in to n n es)
BELGIII * i DENMARKFRANCE j
I R  C  L M  1 1  a
1  •  Iwports from 
within E C
- fresh
- frozen198 +l1982 198V 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982
5.229
1.987
3.2425.497
2.234
3.263T92 
a r . 776 
4167.772
7.391
3814.253
2.939
1.3145.409
2.589
2.8202.468
1.465
1.0032.264
2.211
53
2 Iwports from 
outside E C
- fresh
- frozen1.605
23
1.8521.166
60
1.10691.064 
89.442 
1.62292.814
91.997
8173.261
387
2.8742.802
379
2.423-261
261
3*Zxports  to 
within EC
- fresh
- frozen7.315
6.973
3428.728
8.669
5973.107
58.933
14.17469.720
55.902
13.8188.755
8.268
4877. 109 
6.955 
1548.304
4.431
3.8737.408
3.249
4.159
4. Exportstto 
outside EC
- fresh
- frozen1
'  160
607.613
3.293
4.3207.040
3.171
3.82668
9
591.363
1.362
1281
223
58155
74
81
^•  Balanced 
external trade 
'1+2)-3-4)- 482- 2.125 19.536 23.826 -.1.309 - 261- 6.117 - 5.038
6. Catches 8.899 9.914 89.292 83.714 14.037 15.143 29.610 29.730
7. Withdrawals 735 7933.482 7.518 101.858 4.351 6.869
d. Apparent 
consumption 
(5+6-7)7.682 6.996105.346 100.022 12.718 13.024 19.142 17.823
Sources :  C h ech es a n d  withdrawals :  CRONOS e n d  DG X I V ;  External trade : f J I N E X E

i'JETHFRLA i'JDS F.h CEP.,1PYj
; J · .  i :  i l  D< 11 COO,',
1. Ir.ipores from 
u i  t h i  n £ C
- fresh
- frozen1981 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982
30.070 
14.174 
15.89627.003
14.261
12.74261.191 
52.816 
8.37569.528 
58. 195 
11.3336.295
5.578
7174.826
3.870
956
2.Imports from 
outsice EC
- fresh
- frozen5.057
2.022
3.0356.736
4.230
2.50629.656
2.309
27.34718. 131 
4.332 
13.7997.578
360
7.2184.839
479
4.360
3.  exports to 
within EC
- fresh
- frozen7.932
3.925
4.00716.004
9.986
6.0181.548
124
1.4241.605
301
1.3044.939
2.363
2.5766.374
3.538
2.836
4 Exports to 
outside EC
- fresh
- frozen4.065
1
4.06411.458
12
11.446328
47
281807
24
7832.381 
2. 197 
18416.007
15.930
77
SjJalance of 
external trade
(1+2)-(3-4)23. 130 6.277 88.971 85.247 6.553- 12.716
6. Catches 18.330 35.188 14.820 17.637 36.475 48.281
7. Withdrawals 8631.320 588 1668.074 13.199
8. Apparent 
consumption 1 40.597 40.145 103.203 102.718 34.954 22.366
5+6-7

C j L. W
SHARES O F  H A  I f I  EXPORTINGN0N-f4EH3£R COUNTRIES lil CUMnUMTY FRESH HEKR.UG IfsP'jRTs
ORIGIN FRG F" NL B UK IRL DK EF.C
SWEDE,-, 80 86 72 TOO 86 1 88 8881 70 76 91 9 5 -85 8482 56 83 81 95 4 - 81 79
:  iORU/’ .Y 80 ■  T ■ 23 _ '11 3 481 29 19 - 45 91 —8 982 44 17 1 5 79 - 15 16
FAROES 80 - _1 1
81 - - - - -1 182 • — - - - - 3 2
German Democratic 80 C
Republi c 81 - - 2 sD
582
-17 - - - 2 2
Uhlt :  «
Source :  EUROSTAT NIMEXE

FALlE 7
SHARES OF MAIN EXPORTING NON-MEMBER COUNTRIES IN COMMUNITY FROZEN HERRING IMPORTS
ORIGIN FRG F NL B UK I R L DK
SWEDEN 80
81
825
9
8—34
13
37 5-
-50
93
698
10
11
NORWAY 80
81
821
4
114
128
14
101
83 -
41
3
8
CANADA 80
81
8273
73
7260
50
3530
36
4068
54
6057
31
37 -3 63
6 1
57
ICELAND 80
81
823
1
127
34
4413
6
317
39
2641
64
62- 2711
15
17
USA 80
81
8218
16
711
13
154
1
128
6 - - 714
12
5
Unit : %
Source «  EUROSTAT NIMEXE

TABLE 8
HERRINGS
kg/f i  sh Number of fish to kg
size 1 0.125 and over 8 or less
Size ? . from 0.085 up to but 
excluding 0.125from 9 to 11
Size 3 a) from 0.050 up to 
but excluding 0.085from 12 to 20
■b) from 0.033 up to 
but excluding 0.085 
for Baltic herringsfrom 12 to 30