COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
Brussels, 28.05.1997 
COM(97) 195 final 
Proposal for a 
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 
adapting to technical and scientific 
progress Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of 
wild fauna and flora 
(presented by the Commission) 

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 
Subject: Proposal for a Council Directive (EC) adapting to technical and scientific 
progress Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of 
wild fauna and flora 
1. Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and 
of wild fauna and flora (the "Habitats Directive") provides for the creation, in several 
stages, of a network of protected natural habitats called Natura 2000. 
2. Under the terms of Article 2(2) of Directive 92/43/EEC, measures taken pursuant to the 
Directive must be designed to maintain or restore, at favourable conservation status, 
natural habitats and species of wild fauna and flora of Community interest. 
3. Pursuant to Article 4 of Directive 92/43/EEC, each Member State is required, on the basis 
of the criteria set out in Annex III (Stage 1) and relevant scientific information, to propose 
a list of sites indicating which natural habitat types in Annex I and which species in Annex 
II that are native to its territory the sites host. 
4. Annexes I and II to Directive 92/43/EEC may be amended in accordance with the first 
paragraph of Article 19. The amendments necessary for adaptation to technical and 
scientific progress must be adopted by the Council acting by qualified majority on a 
proposal from the Commission. 
5. When Austria, Finland and Sweden acceded to the Union, Annexes I and II were amended 
(OJNo LI, 1.1.1995, p. 135). 
6. However, several Member States and the Scientific Working Group set up by the 
"Habitats" Committee (established by the Directive) wanted Annexes I and II to Directive 
92/43/EEC to be adapted to technical and scientific progress. Adaptation was requested 
to cover: 
- the description of the habitat types of Community interest in the Boreal region to 
better define the additions made to the original lists when Sweden and Finland 
acceded. 
- the scientific nomenclature of several species, which has changed since the original 
annexes were drawn up. 
All up-to-date scientific information on natural habitat types and the relevant species of 
Community interest indicates that it is necessary to adapt Annexes I and II. 
As regards Annex I, the process of updating the classification of European habitats, 
carried out on the basis of the Corine biotopes project, 1 led to the production of an 
Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats. This Manual includes the new Natura 
2000 codes which identify each natural habitat type. The first EUR 12 version of the 
Manual was published by the Commission in April 1995 and contained updated 
information for twelve Member States. A second EUR 15 version was published in April 
1996, incorporating the new priority habitats of Community interest which were added 
when the three new Member States acceded. 
i Corine biotopes - Technical Handbook, Volume 1, pp. 73-109; Corine/Biotopes/89-2.2, 19 May 1988, 
partially updated 14 February 1989. 
7. At the "Habitats" Committee meeting of 13 September 1996, Member States' delegates 
unanimously approved the following amendments: 
* Annex I: 
- to replace the reference to Corine biotopes for classifying habitat types with a reference to 
the new Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats, EUR 15 version of April 
1996; 
- to replace the 1989 Corine code with the Natura 2000 code, now the standard scientific 
reference; 
- to describe new types of Boreal habitats, including seven priority habitats, in line with the 
opinion of the Scientific Working Group of the Habitats Committee. 
- to remove the habitat sub-types (e.g. "grey dunes") which are now described in the 
Interpretation Manual, EUR 15 version; 
- to take account of the recent scientific identification of the habitat type Turloughs outside 
Ireland; to therefore delete the word "(Ireland)" from the habitat type "Turloughs 
(Ireland)"; 
- to reclassify the habitat "*Taxus baccata woods" in keeping with scientific advice so that 
formations in the British Isles will be placed in the sub-category "Forests of temperate 
Europe" rather than "Mediterranean mountainous forests"; 
- to replace a number of titles causing habitat types to be confused by more explicit titles 
from the Interpretation Manual, EUR 15 version; 
- to replace the common names of species under each title by their Latin names, so as to 
conform to scientific usage. 
* Annex II: 
- to adapt the names of species not correctly identified when the Annexes were drawn up, to 
the taxonomy and nomenclature currently in force in the scientific community; 
- to add certain Nordic species identified jointly by scientists in Sweden and Finland. 
Member States are not expected to experience any additional difficulty in complying with the 
amendments to this Directive. 
8. In conformity with the principle of subsidiarity and with the principle of proportionality 
it turns out to be necessary that the present proposal is carried out at the Community 
level because it concerns the simple adaptation to technical and scientific progress of a 
basic act which emanates from the Community. 
*** 
The Commission proposes to the Council to adopt the attached proposal for a Council Directive. 
Proposal for a Council Directive (EC) adapting to technical and scientific 
progress Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of 
wild fauna and flora 
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, 
Having regard to Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of 
natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora,1 and in particular the first paragraph of 
Article 19 thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, 
Whereas certain natural habitat types and species in Annexes I and II to Directive 
92/43/EEC should be adapted to technical and scientific progress; 
Whereas the Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats (EUR 15 version of April 
1996) includes the new Natura 2000 codes which identify each natural habitat type; 
whereas the reference to the Corine code in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC should be 
replaced by a reference to the Natura 2000 code; 
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: 
Article 1 
Annexes I and II to Directive 92/43/EEC shall be replaced by the text in the Annex to 
this Directive. 
1 OJ No L 206, 22.7.1992, p. 7, amended by the Act of Accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden. 
Arttekl 
Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions 
necessary to comply with this Directive by 31 December 1997. They shall forthwith 
inform the Commission thereof. 
The provisions adopted pursuant to this paragraph shall contain a reference to this 
Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference at the time of their official 
publication. The procedure for such reference shall be adopted by the Member States. 
Article 3 
This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication 
in the Official Journal of the European Communities. 
Article 4 
This Directive is addressed to the Member States. 
Done at...,... 
For the Council 
The President 
ANNEX 
"ANNEX I 
NATURAL HABITAT TYPES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST 
WHOSE CONSERVATION REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION 
Interpretation 
Guidance on the interpretation of habitat types is given in the 'Interpretation Manual of European 
Union Habitats' as approved by the committee set up in Article 20 ('Habitats Committee') and 
published by the European Commission1. 
The code corresponds to the NATURA 2000 code. 
The sign '*' indicates priority habitat types. 
1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS 
11. Open sea and tidal areas 
1110 Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time 
1120 • * Posidonia beds (Posidonion oceanicaé) 
1130 Estuaries 
1140 Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide 
1150 * Coastal lagoons 
1160 Large shallow inlets and bays 
1170 Reefs 
1180 Submarine structures made by leaking gases 
12. Sea cliffs and shingle or stony beaches 
1210 Annual vegetation of drift lines 
1220 Perennial vegetation of stony banks 
1230 Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts 
1240 Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp. 
1250 Vegetated sea cliffs with endemic flora of the Macaronesian coasts 
13. Atlantic and continental salt marshes and salt meadows 
1310 Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand 
1320 Spartina swards (Spartinion maritimi) 
1330 Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae) 
1340 * Inland salt meadows 
14. Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic salt marshes and salt meadows 
1410 Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi) 
1420 Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocorneteajruticosi) 
1430 Halo-nitrophilous scrubs (Pegano-Salsoleted) 
1 "Interpretation manual of European Union habitats, version EUR 15" adopted by the Habitats Committee on 25 April 
1996, European Commission, DGXI. 
15. Salt and gypsum inland steppes 
1510 * Mediterranean salt steppes (Limonietalia) 
1520 * Iberian gypsum vegetation (Gypsophiletalid) 
1530 * Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes 
16. Boreal Baltic archipelago, coastal and landupheaval areas 
1610 Baltic esker islands with sandy, rocky and shingle beach vegetation and sublittoral 
vegetation 
1620 Boreal Baltic islets and small islands 
1630 * Boreal Baltic coastal meadows 
1640 Boreal Baltic sandy beaches with perennial vegetation 
1650 Boreal Baltic narrow inlets 
f 
2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES 
21. Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts 
2110 Embryonic shifting dunes 
2120 Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria ('white dunes') 
2130 * Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation ('grey dunes') 
2140 * Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum 
2150 * Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes {Calluno-Ulicetea) 
2160 Dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides 
2170 Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae)i 
2180 Wooded dunes of the Atlantic, Continental and Boreal region 
2190 Humid dune slacks 
21A0 Machairs (* in Ireland) 
22. Sea dunes of the Mediterranean coast 
2210 Crucianellion maritimae fixed beach dunes 
2220 Dunes with Euphorbia terracina 
2230 Malcolmietalia dune grasslands 
2240 Brachypodietalia dune grasslands with annuals 
2250 * Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp. 
2260 Cisto-Lavenduletalia dune sclerophyllous scrubs 
2270 * Wooded dunes with Pinuspinea and/or Pinuspinaster 
23. Inland dunes, old and decalcified 
2310 Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Genista 
2320 Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Empetrum nigrum 
2330 Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands 
2340 * Pannonic inland dunes 
t 
3. FRESHWATER HABITATS 
31. Standing water 
3110 Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains 
(Littorelletalia uniflorae) 
3120 Oligothrophic waters containing very few minerals generally on sandy soils of the West 
Mediterranean, with Isoetes spp. 
3130 Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea 
uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea 
3140 Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Char a spp. 
3150 Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition - type vegetation 
3160 Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds 
3170 * Mediterranean temporary ponds 
3180 *Turloughs 
32. Running water - sections of water courses with natural or semi-natural dynamics 
(minor, average and major beds) where the water quality shows no 
significant deterioration 
3210 Fennoscandian natural rivers 
3220 Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks 
3230 Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Myricaria germanica 
3240 Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix elaeagnos 
3250 Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Glaucium flavum 
3260 Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and 
Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation 
3270 Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation 
3280 Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Paspalo-Agrostidion species and 
hanging curtains of Salix and Populus alba 
3290 Intermittently flowing Mediterranean rivers of the Paspalo-Agrostidion 
4. TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB 
4010 Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix 
4020 * Temperate Atlantic wet heaths with Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix 
4030 European dry heaths 
4040 * Dry Atlantic coastal heaths with Erica vagans 
4050 * Endemic macaronesian heaths 
4060 Alpine and Boreal heaths 
4070 * Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum (Mugo-Rhododendretum 
hirsuti) 
4080 Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub 
4090 Endemic oro-Mediterranean heaths with gorse 
5. SCLEROPHYLLOUS SCRUB (MATORRAL) 
51. Sub-Mediterranean and temperate scrub 
5110 Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus sempervirens on rock slopes 
(Berberidion p.p.) 
5120 Mountain Cytisus purgans formations 
5130 Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands 
5140 * Cistus palhinhae formations on maritime wet heaths 
52. Mediterranean arborescent matorral 
5210 Arborescent matorral with Juniperus spp. 
5220 * Arborescent matorral with Zyziphus 
5230 * Arborescent matorral with Laurus nobilis 
53. Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-steppe brush 
5310 Laurus nobilis thickets 
5320 Low formations of Euphorbia close to cliffs 
5330 Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub 
54. Phrygana 
5410 West Mediterranean clifftop phryganas (Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae) 
5420 Sarcopoterium spinosum phryganas 
5430 Endemic phryganas of the Euphorbio- Verbascion 
10 
6. NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS 
61. Natural grasslands 
6110 * Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi 
6120 * Xeric sand calcareous grasslands 
6130 Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae 
6140 . Siliceous Pyrenean Festuca eskia grasslands 
6150 Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands 
6160 Oro-Iberian Festuca indigesta grasslands 
6170 Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands 
6180 Macaronesian mesophile grasslands 
62. Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland faciès 
6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-
Brometalia) (* important orchid sites) 
6220 * Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea 
6230 * Species-rich Nor dus grasslands, on silicious substrates in mountain areas (and 
submountain areas in Continental Europe) 
6240 * Sub-Pannonic steppic grasslands 
6250 * Pannonic loess steppic grasslands 
6260 * Pannonic sand steppes 
6270 * Fennoscandian lowland species-rich dry to mesic grasslands 
6280 * Nordic alvar and precambrian calcareous flatrocks 
63. Sclerophillous grazed forests (dehesas) 
6310 Dehesas with evergreen Quercus spp. 
64. Semi-natural tall-herb humid meadows 
6410 Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-ladensoils (Molinion caeruleae) 
6420 Mediterranean tall humid grasslands of the Molinio-Holoschoenion 
6430 Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels 
6440 Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii 
6450 Northern boreal alluvial meadows 
65. Mesophile grasslands 
6510 Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) 
6520 Mountain hay meadows 
6530 * Fennoscandian wooded meadows 
<\ 
7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS 
71. Sphagnum acid bogs 
7110 * Active raised bogs 
7120 Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration 
7130 Blanket bogs (* if active bog) 
7140 Transition mires and quaking bogs 
7150 Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion 
7160 Fennoscandian mineral-rich springs and springfens 
72. Calcareous fens 
7210 * Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae 
7220 * Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion) 
7230 Alkaline fens 
7240 * Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae 
73. Boreal mires 
7310 * Aapa mires 
7320 * Palsa mires 
8. ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES 
81. Scree 
8110 Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and 
Galeopsietalia ladani) 
8120 Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea 
rotundifolii) 
8130 Western Mediterranean and thermophilous scree 
8140 Eastern Mediterranean screes 
8150 Medio-European upland siliceous screes 
8160 * Medio-European calcareous scree of hill and montane levels 
82. Rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation 
8210 Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation 
8220 Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation 
8230 Siliceous rock with pioneer vegetation of the Sedo-Scleranthion or of the 
Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii 
8240 * Limestone pavements 
83. Other rocky habitats 
8310 Caves not open to the public 
8320 Fields of lava and natural excavations 
8330 Submerged or partially submerged sea caves 
8340 Permanent glaciers 
U 
9. FORESTS 
(Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with 
typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting 
species of Community interest 
90. Forests of Boreal Europe 
9010 * Western Taïga 
9020 * Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests (Quercus, 
Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus) rich in epiphytes 
9030 * Natural forests of primary succession stages of landupheaval coast 
9040 Nordic subalpine/subarctic forests with Bêtula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii 
9050 Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies 
9060 Coniferous forests on, or connected to,-glaciofluvial eskers 
9070 Fennoscandian wooded pastures 
9080 * Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods 
91. Forests of Temperate Europe 
9110 Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests 
9120 Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the 
shrublayer (Quercion robori-petraeae or Hici-Fagenion) 
9130 Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests 
9140 Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius 
9150 Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion 
9160 Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli 
9170 Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests 
9180 * Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines 
9190 Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains 
91A0 Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles 
91B0 Thermophilous Fraxinus angustifolia woods 
91 CO * Caledonian forest 
91D0 * Bog woodland 
91E0 * Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion 
incanae, Salicion albae) 
91F0 Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus 
excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia, along the great rivers (Ulmenion minoris) 
91 GO * Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus 
91 HO * Pannonian woods with Quercus pubescens 
9110 * Euro-Siberian steppic woods with Quercus spp. 
91 JO * Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles 
92. Mediterranean deciduous forests 
9210 * Apeninne beech forests with Taxus and Ilex 
9220 * Apennine beech forests with Abies alba and beech forests with Abies nebrodensis 
9230 Galicio-Portuguese oak woods with Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica 
9240 Quercus faginea and Quercus canariensis Iberian woods 
9250 Quercus trojana woods 
9260 Castanea sativa woods 
9270 Hellenic beech forests with Abies borisii-regis 
<1 
9280 Quercus frainetto woods 
9290 Cupressus forests (Acero-Cupression) 
92A0 Salix alba and Populus alba galleries 
92B0 Riparian formations on intermittent Mediterranean water courses with Rhododendron 
ponticum, Salix and others 
92C0 Platanus orientalis and Liquidambar orientalis woods (Platanion orientalis) 
92D0 Southern riparian galleries and thickets (Nerio-Tamaricetea and Securinegion 
tinctoriae) 
93. Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests 
9310 Aegean Quercus brachyphylla woods 
9320 Olea and Ceratonia forests 
9330 Quercus suber forests 
9340 Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia forests 
9350 Quercus macrolepis forests 
9360 * Macaronesian laurel forests (Laurus, Ocotea) 
9370 * Palm groves of Phoenix 
9380 Forests of Hex aquifolium 
94. Temperate mountainous coniferous forests 
9410 Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels (Vaccinio-Piceetea) 
9420 Alpine Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra forests 
9430 Subalpine and montane Pinus uncinata forests (* if oh gypsum or limestone) 
95. Mediterranean and Macaronesian mountainous coniferous forests 
9510 * Southern Apennine Abies alba forests 
9520 Abies pinsapo forests 
9530 * (Sub-) Mediterranean pine forests with endemic black pines 
9540 Mediterranean pine forests with endemic Mesogean pines 
9550 Canarian endemic pine forests 
9560 * Endemic forests with Juniperus spp. 
9570 * Tetraclinis articulata forests 
9580 * Mediterranean Taxus baccata woods 
n 
ANNEX II 
ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE 
CONSERVATION REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF 
CONSERVATION 
Interpretation 
(a) Annex II follows on from Annex I for the establishment of a consistent network of special 
areas of conservation. 
(b) The species listed in this Annex are indicated : 
by the name of the species or subspecies, or 
by the all the species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that 
taxon. 
The abbreviation 'spp.' after the name of a family or genus designates all the species 
belonging to that family or genus. 
(c) Symbols 
An asterisk (*) before the name of a species indicates that it is a priority species. 
Most species listed in this Annex are also listed in Annex IV. 
Where a species appears in this Annex but does not appear in either Annex IV or Annex V, 
the species name is followed by the symbol (o); where a species which appears in this 
Annex also appears in Annex V but does not appear in Annex IV, its name is followed by 
the symbol (V). 
(a) ANIMALS 
VERTEBRATES 
MAMMALS 
INSECTIVORA 
Talpidae 
Galemys pyrenaicus 
CHIROPTERA 
Rhinolophidae 
Rhinolophus blasii 
Rhinolophus euryale 
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum 
Rhinolophus hipposideros 
Rhinolophus mehelyi 
Vespertilionidae 
Barbastella barbastellus 
Miniopterus schreibersi 
Myotis bechsteini 
Myotis blythii 
Myotis capaccinii 
Myotis dasycneme 
K 
Myotis emarginatus 
Myotis myotis 
RODENTIA 
Sciuridae 
* Pteromys volans (Sciuropterus russicus) 
Spermophilus citellus (Citellus citellus) 
Castoridae 
Castor fiber (except the Finnish and Swedish populations) 
Microtidae 
Microtus cabrerae 
* Microtus oeconomus arenicola 
CARNIVORA 
Canidae 
* Alopex lagopus 
* Canis lupus (Spanish populations: only those south of the Duero; Greek 
populations: only south of the 39th parallel; Finnish populations 
excepted). 
Ursidae 
* Ursus arctos (except the Finnish and Swedish populations) 
Mustelidae 
* Gulo gulo 
Lutra lutra 
Mustela lutreola 
Felidae 
Lynx lynx (except the Finnish populations) 
* Lynx pardinus 
Phocidae 
Halichoerus grypus (V) 
* Monachus monachus 
Phoca hispida bottnica (o) 
* Phoca hispida saimensis 
Phoca vitulina (V) 
ARTIODACTYLA 
Cervidae 
* Cervus elaphus corsicanus 
Rangifer tarandus fennicus (o) 
Bovidae 
Capra aegagrus (natural populations) 
* Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica 
Ovis gmelini musimon (Ovis ammon musimon) (natural populations - Corsica 
and Sardinia) 
* Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata (Rupicapra rupicapra ornata) 
Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica 
CETACEA 
Tursiops truncatus 
Phocoena phocoena 
a 
REPTILES 
CHELONIA (TESTUDINES) 
Tesîudinidae 
Testudo hermanni 
Testudo graeca 
Testudo marginata 
Cheloniidae 
* Caretta caretta 
Emydidae 
Emys orbicularis 
Mauremys caspica 
Mauremys leprosa 
SAURIA 
Lacertidae 
Lacerta bonnali (Lacerta monticola) 
Lacerta monticola 
Lacerta schreiberi 
Gallotia galloti insulanagae 
* Gallotia simonyi 
Podarcis lilfordi 
Podarcis pityusensis 
Scincidae 
Chalcides simonyi (Chalcides occidentalis) 
Gekkonidae 
Phyllodactylus europaeus 
OPHIDIA (SERPENTES) 
Colubridae 
Elaphe quatuorlineata 
Elaphe situla 
Viperidae 
* Macrovipera schweizeri (Vipera lebetina schweizeri) 
Vipera ursinii 
AMPHIBIANS 
CAUDATA 
Salamandridae 
Chioglossa lusitanica 
Mertensiella luschani (Salamandra luschani) 
* Salamandra atra aurorae 
Salamandrina terdigitata 
Triturus carnifex (Triturus cristatus carnifex) 
Triturus cristatus (Triturus cristatus cristatus) 
Triturus dobrogicus (Triturus cristatus dobrogicus) 
Triturus karelinii (Triturus cristatus karelinii) 
Proteidae 
Proteus anguinus 
Plethodontidae 
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) ambrosii 
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) flavus 
n 
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) genei 
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) imperialis 
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) strinatii 
Hydromantes (Speleomantes) supramontes 
ANURA 
Discoglossidae 
Bombina bombina 
Bombina variegata 
Discoglossus galganoi (including Discoglossus "jeanneae") 
Discoglossus montalentii 
Discoglossus sardus 
* Alytes muletensis 
Ranidae 
Rana latastei 
Pelobatidae 
* Pelobates fiiscus insubricus 
FISHES 
PETROMYZONIFORMES 
Petromyzonidae 
Eudontomyzon spp. (o) 
Lampetra fluviatilis (V) (except the Finnish and Swedish populations) 
Lampetra planeri (o) (except the Finnish and Swedish populations) 
Lethenteron zanandreai (V) 
Petromyzon marinus (o) (except the Swedish populations) 
ACIPENSERIFORMES 
Acipenseridae 
* Acipenser naccarii 
* Acipenser sturio 
CLUPEIFORMES 
Clupeidae 
Alosa spp. (V) 
SALMONIFORMES 
Salmonidae 
Hucho hucho (natural populations) (V) 
Salmo salar (only in fresh water) (V) (except the Finnish populations) 
Sahno marmoratus (o) 
Salmo macrostigma (o) 
Coregonidae 
* Coregonus oxyrhynchus (anadromous populations in certain sectors of the 
North Sea) 
CYPRINIFORMES 
Cyprinidae 
Alburnus albidus (o) (Alburnus vulturius) 
Anaecypris hispanica 
Aspius aspius (o) (except the Finnish populations) 
Barbus plebejus (V) 
Barbus meridionalis (V) 
Barbus comiza (V) 
f& 
Chalcalburnus chalcoides (o) 
Chondrostoma soetta (o) 
Chondrostoma polylepis (o) (including C. willkommi) 
Chondrostoma genei (o) 
Chondrostoma lusitanicum (o) 
Chondrostoma toxostoma (o) 
Gobio albipinnatus (o) 
Gobio uranoscopus (o) 
Iberocypris palaciosi (o) 
*Ladigesocypris ghigii (o) 
Leuciscus lucumonis (o) 
Leuciscus souffia (o) 
Phoxinellus spp. (o) 
Rutilus pigus (o) 
Rutilus rubilio (o) 
Rutilus arcasii (o) 
Rutilus macrolepidotus (o) 
Rutilus lenMningii (o) 
Rutilus frisii meidingeri (o) 
Rutilus alburnoides (o) 
Rhodeus sericeus amarus (o) 
Scardinius graecus (o) 
Cobitidae 
Cobitis trichonica (o) 
Cobitis taenia (o) (except the Finnish populations) 
Misguraus fossilis (o) 
Sabanejewia aurata (o) 
Sabanejewia larvata (o) (Cobitis larvata and Cobitis conspersa) 
SILURIFORMES 
Siluridae 
Silurus aristotelis (V) 
ATHERINIFORMES 
Cyprinodontidae 
Aphanius iberus (o) 
Aphanius fasciatus (o) 
* Valencia hispanica 
* Valencia letourneuxi (Valencia hispanica) 
PERCIFORMES 
Percidae 
Gymnocephalus schraetzer (V) 
Zingel spp. [(o) except Zingel asper and Zingel zingel (V)] 
Gobiidae 
Pomatoschistus canestrini (o) 
Knipowitschia (Padogobius) panizzae (o) 
Padogobius nigricans (o) 
SCORPAENIFORMES 
Cottidae 
Cottus petiti (o) 
Cottus gobio (o) (except the Finnish populations) 
fS 
INVERTEBRATES 
ARTHROPODS 
CRUSTACEA 
Decapoda 
Austropotamobius pallipes (V) 
INSECTA 
Coleoptera 
Agathidium pulchellum (o) 
Boros schneideri (o) 
Buprestis splendens 
*Carabus menetriesi pacholei (o) 
* Carabus olympiae 
Cerambyx cerdo 
Corticaria planula (o) 
Cucujus cinnaberinus 
Dytiscus latissimus 
Graphoderus bilineatus 
Limoniscus violaceus (o) 
Lucanus cervus (o) 
Macroplea pubipennis (o) 
Mesosa myops (o) 
Morimus funereus (o) 
*Osmoderma eremita 
Oxyporus mannerheimii (o) 
Pytho kolwensis (o) 
•Rosalia alpina 
Stephanopachys linearis (o) 
Stephanopachys substriatus (o) 
Xyletinus tremulicola (o) 
Hemiptera 
Aradus angularis (o) 
Lepidoptera 
Agriades glandon aquilo (o) 
*Callimorpha (Euplagia, Panaxia) quadripunctaria (o) 
Clossiana improba (o) 
Coenonympha oedippus 
Erebia calcaria 
Erebia christi 
Erebia medusa polaris (o) 
Eriogaster catax 
Euphydryas (Eurodryas, Hypodryas) aurinia (o) 
Graellsia isabellae (V) 
Hesperia comma catena (o) 
Hypodryas maturna 
Lycaena dispar 
Maculinea nausithous 
Maculinea teleius 
«ào 
Melanargia arge 
Papilio hospiton 
Plebicula golgus 
Xestia borealis (o) 
Xestia brunneopicta (o) 
Mantodea 
Apteromantis aptera 
Odonata 
Coenagrion hylas (o) 
Coenagrion mercuriale (o) 
Cordulegaster trinacriae 
Gomphus graslinii 
I^uconhinia pectoralis 
Lindenia tetraphylla 
Macromia splendens 
Ophiogomphus cecilia 
Oxygastra curtisii 
Orthoptera 
Baetica ustulata 
ARACHNIDA 
Pseudoscorpiones 
Anthrenochernes stellae (o) 
MOLLUSCS 
GASTROPODA 
Caseolus calculus 
Caseolus commixta 
Caseolus sphaerula 
Discula leacockiana 
Discula tabellata 
Discus guerinianus 
Elona quimperiana 
Geomalacus maculosus 
Geomitra moniziana 
•Helicopsis striata austriaca (o) 
Idiomela (Helix) subplicata 
Leiostyla abbreviata 
Leiostyla cassida 
Leiostyla corneocostata 
Leiostyla gibba 
Leiostyla lamellosa 
Vertigo angustior (o) 
Vertigo genesii (o) 
Vertigo geyeri (o) 
Vertigo moulinsiana (o) 
BIVALVIA 
Unionoida 
Margaritifera durrovensis (Margaritifera margaritifera) (V) 
Margaritifera margaritifera (V) 
*1 
Unio crassus 
(b) PLANTS 
PTERIDOPHYTA 
ASPLENIACEAE 
Asplenium jahandiezii (Litard.) Rouy 
BLECHNACEAE 
Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm. 
DICKSONIACEAE 
Culcita macrocarpa C. Presl 
DRYOPTERIDACEAE 
Diplazium sibiricum (Turcz. ex Kunze) Kurata 
* Dryopteris corleyi Fraser-Jenk. 
Dryopteris fragans (L.) Schott 
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE 
Trichomanes speciosum Willd. 
ISOETACEAE 
Isoetes boryana Durieu 
Isoetes malinverniana Ces. & De Not. 
MARSILEACEAE 
Marsilea batardae Lauiiert 
Marsilea quadrifolia L. 
Marsilea strigosa Willd. 
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 
Botrychium simplex Hitchc. 
Ophioglossum polyphyllum A. Braun 
GYMNOSPERMAE 
PINACEAE 
* Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei 
ANGIOSPERMAE 
ALISMATACEAE 
* Alisma wahlenbergii (Holmberg) Juz. 
Caldesia parnassifolia (L.) Pari. 
Luronium natans (L.) Raf. 
AMARYLLIDACEAE 
Leucojum nicaeense Ard. 
Narcissus asturiensis (Jordan) Pugsley 
Narcissus calcicola Mendonça 
Narcissus cyclamineus DC. 
Narcissus fernandesii G. Pedro 
Narcissus humilis (Cav.) Traub 
* Narcissus nevadensis Pugsley 
Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. subsp. nobilis (Haw.) A. Femandes 
Narcissus scaberulus Henriq. 
22_ 
Narcissus triandrus L. subsp. capax (Salisb.) D. A. Webb. 
Narcissus viridiflorus Schousboe 
BORAGINACEAE 
* Anchusa crispa Viv. 
* Lithodora nitida (H. Ern) R. Femandes 
Myosotis lusitanica Schuster 
Myosotis rehsteineri Wartm. 
Myosotis retusifolia R. Afonso 
Omphalodes kuzinskyanae Willk. 
* Omphalodes littoralis Lehm. 
Solenanthus albanicus (Degen & al.) Degen & Baldacci 
* Symphytum cycladense Pawl. 
CAMPANULACEAE 
Asyneuma giganteum (Boiss.) Bornm. 
* Campanula sabatia De Not. 
Jasione crispa (Pourret) Samp, subsp. serpentinica Pinto da Silva 
Jasione lusitanica A. DC. 
CARYOPHYLLACEAE 
Arenaria ciliata L. ssp. pseudofrigida Ostenf. & O.C. Dahl 
Arenaria humifusa Wahlenberg 
* Arenaria nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter 
Arenaria provincialis Chater & Halliday 
Dianthus arenarius L. subsp. arenarius 
Dianthus cintranus Boiss. & Reuter subsp. cintranus Boiss. & Reuter 
Dianthus marizii (Samp.) Samp. 
Dianthus rupicola Biv. 
* Gypsophila papulosa P. Porta 
Herniaria algarvica Chaudhri 
* Herniaria latifolia Lapeyr. subsp. litardierei Garnis 
Herniaria lusitanica (Chaudhri) subsp. berlengiana Chaudhri 
Herniaria maritima Link 
Moehringia laterifolia (L.) Fenzl. 
Moehringia tommasinii Marches. 
Petrocoptis grandiflora Rothm. 
Petrocoptis montsicciana O. Bolos & Rivas Mart. 
Petrocoptis pseudoviscosa Fernandez Casas 
Silène furcata Rafm. ssp. angustiflora (Rupr.) Walters 
* Silène hicesiae Brullo & Signorello 
Silène hifacensis Rouy ex Willk. 
* Silène holzmanii Heldr. ex Boiss. 
Silène longicilia (Brot.) Otth. 
Silène mariana Pau 
* Silène orphanidis Boiss. 
* Silène rothmaleri Pinto da Silva 
* Silène velutina Pourret ex Loisel. 
CHENOPODIACEAE 
* Bassia (Kochia) saxicola (Guss.) A. J. Scott 
* Salicornia veneta Pignatti & Lausi 
23> 
CISTACEAE 
Cistus palhinhae Ingram 
Halimium verticillatum (Brot.) Sennen 
Helianthemum alypoides Losa & Rivas Goday 
Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss. 
* Tuberaria major (Willk.) Pinto da Silva & Rozeira 
COMPOSITAE 
* Anthémis glaberrima (Rech. f.) Greuter 
Artemisia campestris L. subsp. bottnica A.N. Lundstrom ex Kindb. 
* Artemisia granatensis Boiss. 
* Artemisia laciniata Willd. 
Artemisia oelandica (Besser) Komaror 
* Artemisia pancicii (Janka) Ronn. 
* Aster pyrenaeus Desf. ex DC 
* Aster sorrentinii (Tod) Lojac. 
* Carduus myriacanthus Salzm. ex DC. 
* Centaurea alba L. subsp. heldreichii (Halacsy) Dostal 
* Centaurea alba L. subsp. princeps (Boiss. & Heldr.) Gugler 
* Centaurea attica Nyman subsp. megarensis (Halacsy & Hayek) Dostal 
* Centaurea balearica J. D. Rodriguez 
* Centaurea borjae Valdes-Berm. & Rivas Goday 
* Centaurea citricolor Font Quer 
Centaurea corymbosa Pourret 
Centaurea gadorensis G. Blanca 
* Centaurea horrida Badaro 
* Centaurea kalambakensis Freyn & Sint. 
Centaurea kartschiana Scop. 
* Centaurea lactiflora Halacsy 
Centaurea micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link subsp. herminii (Rouy) Dostal 
* Centaurea niederi Heldr. 
* Centaurea peucedanifolia Boiss. & Orph. 
* Centaurea pinnata Pau 
Centaurea pulvinata (G. Blanca) G. Blanca 
Centaurea rothmalerana (Arènes) Dostal 
Centaurea vicentina Mariz 
* Crépis crocifolia Boiss. & Heldr. 
Crépis granatensis (Willk.) B. Blanca & M. Cueto 
Crépis tectorum L. subsp. nigrescens 
Erigeron frigidus Boiss. ex DC. 
Hymenostemma pseudanthemis (Kunze) Willd. 
* Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Reichenb. 
* Jurinea fontqueri Cuatrec. 
* Lamyropsis microcephala (Moris) Dittrich & Greuter 
Leontodon microcephalus (Boiss. ex DC.) Boiss. 
Leontodon boryi Boiss. 
* Leontodon siculus (Guss.) Finch & Sell 
Leuzea longifolia Hoffmanns. & Link 
Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass. 
Santolina impressa Hoffmanns. & Link 
^<r 
Santolina semidentata Hoffmanns. & Link 
* Senecio elodes Boiss. ex DC. 
Senecio jacobea L. subsp. gotlandicus (Neuman) Sterner 
Senecio nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter 
CONVOLVULACEAE 
* Convolvulus argyrothamnus Greuter 
* Convolvulus fernandesii Pinto da Silva & Teles 
CRUCIFERAE 
Alyssum pyrenaicum Lapeyr. 
Arabis sadina (Samp.) P. Cout. 
* Biscutella neustriaca Bonnet 
Biscutella vincentina (Samp.) Rothm. 
Boleum asperum (Pers.) Des vaux 
Brassica glabrescens Poldini 
Brassica insularis Moris 
* Brassica macrocarpa Guss. 
Braya linearis Rouy 
* Coincya rupestris Rouy 
* Coronopus navasii Pau 
Diplotaxis ibicensis (Pau) Gomez-Campo 
* Diplotaxis siettiana Maire 
Diplotaxis vicentina (P. Cout.) Rothm. 
Draba cacuminum Elis Ekman 
Draba cinerea Adams 
Erucastrum palustre (Pirona) Vis. 
* Iberis arbuscula Runemark 
Iberis procumbens Lange subsp. microcarpa Franco & Pinto da Silva 
* Jonopsidium acaule (Desf.) Reichenb. 
Jonopsidium savianum (Caruel) Ball ex Arcang. 
Rhynchosinapis erucastrum (L.) Dandy ex Clapham subsp. cintrana (Coutinho) 
Franco & P. Silva (Coincya cintrana (P. Cout.) Pinto da Silva) 
Sisymbrium cavanillesianum Valdes & Castroviejo 
Sisymbrium supinum L. 
CYPERACEAE 
Carex holostoma Drejer 
* Carex panormitana Guss. 
Eleocnaris carniolica Koch 
DIOSCOREACEAE 
* Borderea chouardii (Gaussen) Heslot 
DROSERACEAE 
Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. 
EUPHORBIACEAE 
* Euphorbia margalidiana Kuhbier & Lewejohann 
Eurphorbia transtagana Boiss. 
GENTIANACEAE 
* Centaurium rigualii Esteve 
* Centaurium somedanum Lainz 
Gentiana ligustica R. de Vilm. & Chopinet 
Gentianella angelica (Pugsley) E. F. Warburg 
2S 
GERANIACEAE 
* Erodium astragaloides Boiss. & Reuter 
Erodium paularense Fernandez-Gonzalez & Izco 
* Erodium rupicola Boiss. 
GLOBULARIACEAE 
•Globularia stygia Orph. ex Boiss. 
GRAMINEAE 
Arctagrostis latifolia (R. Br.) Griseb. 
Arctophila fulva (Trin.) N. J. Anderson 
Avenula hackelii (Henriq.) Holub 
Bromus grossus Desf. ex DC. 
Calamagrostis chalybaea (Laest.) Fries 
Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. 
Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidl 
Festuca brigantina (Markgr.-Dannenb.) Markgr.-Dannenb. 
Festuca duriotagana Franco & R. Afonso 
Festuca elegans Boiss. 
Festuca henriquesii Hack. 
Festuca summilusitanica Franco & R. Afonso 
Gaudinia hispanica Stace & Turin 
Holcus setiglumis Boiss. & Reuter subsp. duriensis Pinto da Silva 
Micropyropsis tuberosa Romero - Zarco & Cabezudo 
Pseudarrhenatherum pallens (Link) J. Holub 
Puccinellia phryganodes (Trin.) Scribner + Merr. 
Puccinellia pungens (Pau) Paunero 
* Stipa austroitalica Martinovsky 
* Stipa bavarica Martinovsky & H. Scholz 
* Stipa styriaca Martinovsky 
* Stipa veneta Moraldo 
Trisetum subalpestre (Hartman) Neuman 
GROSSULARIACEAE 
* Ribes sardoum Martelli 
HIPPURIDACEAE 
Hippuris tetraphylla L. Fil. 
HYPERICACEAE 
* Hypericum aciferum (Greuter) N.K.B. Robson 
JUNCACEAE 
Juncus valvatus Link 
Luzula arctica Blytt 
LABIATAE 
Dracocephalum austriacum L. 
* Micromeria taygetea P. H. Davis 
Nepeta dirphya (Boiss.) Heldr. ex Halacsy 
* Nepeta sphaciotica P. H. Davis 
Origanum dictamnus L. 
Sideritis incana subsp. glauca (Cav.) Malagarriga 
Sideritis javalambrensis Pau 
Sideritis serrata Cav. ex Lag. 
Teucrium lepicephalum Pau 
2fc 
Teucrium turredanum Losa & Rivas Goday 
* Thymus camphoratus Hoffmanns. & Link 
Thymus carnosus Boiss. 
* Thymus lotocephalus G. Lôpez & R. Morales (Thymus cephalotos L.) 
LEGUMINOSAE 
Anthyllis hystrix Cardona, Contandr. & E. Sierra 
* Astragalus algarbiensis Coss. ex Bunge 
* Astragalus aquilanus Anzalone 
Astragalus centralpinus Braun-Blanquet 
* Astragalus maritimus Moris 
Astragalus tremolsianus Pau 
•Astragalus verrucosus Moris 
*Cytisus aeolicus Guss. ex Lindl. 
Genista dorycnifolia Font Quer 
Genista holopetala (Fleischm. ex Koch) Baldacci 
Melilotus segetalis (Brot.) Ser. subsp. fallax Franco 
•Ononis hackelii Lange 
Trifolium saxatile All. 
*Vicia bifoliolata J.D. Rodriguez 
LENTIBULARIACEAE 
Pinguicula nevadensis (Lindb.) Casper 
LILIACEAE 
Allium grosii Font Quer 
•Androcymbium rechingeri Greuter 
•Asphodelus bento-rainhae P. Silva 
Hyacinthoides vicentina (Hoffmans. & Link) Rothm. 
•Muscari gussonei (Pari.) Tod. 
LINACEAE 
*Linum muelleri Moris (Linum maritimum muelleri) 
LYTHRACEAE 
*Lythrum flexuosum Lag. 
MALVACEAE 
Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb. 
NAJADACEAE 
Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & W.L. Schmidt 
Najas tenuissima (A. Braun) Magnus 
ORCHIDACEAE 
Calypso bulbosa L. 
*Cepnalanthera cucullata Boiss. & Heldr. 
Cypripedium calceolus L. 
Gymnigritella runei Teppner & Klein 
Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. 
*Ophrys lunulata Pari. 
Platanthera obtusata (Pursh) subsp. oligantha (Turez.) Hulten 
PAEONIACEAE 
Paeonia cambessedesii (Willk.) Willk. 
Paeonia parnassica Tzanoudakis 
Paeonia clusii F.C. Stem subsp. rhodia (Steam) Tzanoudakis 
2f 
PALMAE 
Phoenix theophrasti Greuter 
PAPAVERACEAE 
Corydalis gotlandica Lidén 
Papaver laestadianum (Nordh.) Nordh. 
Papaver radicatum Rottb. subsp. hyperboreum Nordh. 
PLANTAGINACEAE 
Plantago algarbiensis Sampaio (Plantago bracteosa (Willk.) G. Sampaio) 
Plantago almogravensis Franco 
PLUMBAGINACEAE 
Armeria berlengensis Daveau 
•Armeria helodes Martini & Pold 
Armeria neglecta Girard 
Armeria pseudarmeria (Murray) Mansfeld 
•Armeria rouyana Daveau 
Armeria soleirolii (Duby) Godron 
Armeria velutina Welw. ex Boiss. & Reuter 
Limonium dodartii (Girard) O. Kuntze subsp. lusitanicum (Daveau) Franco 
*Limonium insulare (Beg. & Landi) Arrig. & Diana 
Limonium lanceolatum (Hoffmans. & Link) Franco 
Limonium multiflorum Erben 
•Limonium pseudolaetum Arrig. & Diana 
* Limonium strictissimum (Salzmann) Arrig. 
POLYGONACEAE 
Persicaria foliosa (H. Lindb.) Kitag. 
Polygonum praelongum Coode & Cullen 
Rumex rupestris Le Gall 
PRIMULACEAE 
Androsace mathildae Levier 
Androsace pyrenaica Lam. 
•Primula apennina Widmer 
Primula nutans Georgi 
Primula palinuri Petagna 
Primula scandinavica Bruun 
Soldanella villosa Darracq. 
RANUNCULACEAE 
•Aconitum corsicum Gayer (Aconitum napellus subsp. corsicum) 
Adonis distorta Ten. 
Aquilegia bertolonii Schott 
Aquilegia kitaibelii Schott 
•Aquilegia pyrenaica D.C. subsp. cazorlensis (Heywood) Galiano 
•Consolida samia P.H. Davis 
Pulsatilla patens (L.) Miller 
Ranunculus lapponicus L. 
Pulsatilla vulgaris Hill, subsp. gotlandica (Johanss.) Zaemelis & Paegle 
•Ranunculus weyleri Mares 
RESEDACEAE 
•Reseda decursiva Forssk. 
2& 
ROSACEAE 
Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour 
Potentilla delphinensis Gren. & Godron 
Sorbus teodorii Liljefors 
RUBIACEAE 
•Galium litorale Guss. 
•Galium viridiflorum Boiss. & Reuter 
SALICACEAE 
Salix salvifolia Brot. subsp. australis Franco 
SANTALACEAE 
Thesium ebracteatum Hayne 
SAXIFRAGACEAE 
Saxifraga berica (Beguinot) D.A. Webb 
Saxifraga florulenta Moretti 
Saxifraga hirculus L. 
Saxifraga osloensis Knaben 
Saxifraga tombeanensis Boiss. ex Engl. 
SCROPHULARIACEAE 
Antinhinum charidemi Lange 
Chaenorrhinum serpyllifolium (Lange) Lange 
subsp. lusitanicum R. Femandes 
•Euphrasia genargentea (Feoli) Diana 
Euphrasia marchesettii Wettst. ex Marches. 
Linaria algarviana Chav. 
Linaria coutinhoi Valdés 
•Linaria ficalhoana Rouy 
Linaria flava (Poiret) Desf. 
•Linaria hellenica Turrill 
•Linaria ricardoi Cout. 
•Linaria tursica B. Valdes & Cabezudo 
Linaria tonzigii Lona 
Odontites granatensis Boiss. 
Verbascum litigiosum Samp. 
Veronica micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link 
•Veronica oetaea L.-A. Gustavsson 
SOLANACEAE 
•Atropa baetica Willk. 
THYMELAEACEAE 
Daphne petraea Leybold 
•Daphne rodriguezii Texidor 
ULMACEAE 
Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss. 
UMBELLIFERAE 
• Angelica heterocarpa Lloyd 
Angelica palustris (Besser) Hoffm. 
• Apium bermejoi Llorens 
Apium repens (Jacq.) Lag. 
Athamanta cortiana Ferrarini 
• Bupleurum capillare Boiss. & Heldr. 
24 
• Bupleurum kakiskalae Greuter 
EryngiumalpinumL. 
• Eryngium viviparum Gay 
• Laserpitium longiradium Boiss. 
• Naufraga balearica Constans & Cannon 
• Oenanthe conioides Lange 
Petagnia saniculifolia Guss. 
Rouya polygama (Desf.) Coincy 
• Seseli intricatum Boiss. 
Thorella verticUlatinundata (Thore) Briq. 
VALERIANACEAE 
Centranthus trinervis (Viv.) Beguinot 
VIOLACEAE 
• Viola hispida Lam. 
Viola jaubertiana Mares & Vigineix 
Viola rupestris F.W. Schmidt 
subsp. relicta Jalas 
Lower plants 
BRYOPHYTA 
Bruchia vogesiaca Schwaegr. (o) 
Bryhnia novae-angliae (Sull & Lesq.) Grout (o) 
•Bryoerythrophyllum campylocarpum (C. Mull.) Crum. (Bryœrythrophyllum machadoanum 
(Sergio) M. O. Hill)) (o) 
Buxbaumia viridis (Moug.) Moug. & Nestl. (o) 
Cephalozia macounii (Aust.) Aust. (o) 
Cynodontium suecicum (H. Am. & C. Jens.) I. Hag. (o) 
Dichelyma capillaceum (Dicks) Myr. (o) 
Dicranum viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb. (o) 
Distichophyllum carinatum Dix. & Nich. (o) 
Drepanocladus (Hamatocaulis) verrucosus (Mitt.) Warnst. (o) 
Encalypta mutica (I. Hagen) (o) 
Hamatocaulis lapponicus (Norrl.) Hedenas (o) 
Herzogiella turfacea (Lindb.) I. Wats, (o) 
Hygrohypnum montanum (Lindb.) Broth, (o) 
Jungermannia handelii (Schiffh.) Amak. (o) 
Mannia triandra (Scop.) Grolle (o) 
• Marsupella profunda Lindb. (o) 
Meesia longiseta Hedw. (o) 
Nothothylas orbicularis (Schwein.) Sull. (o) 
Orthothecium lapponicum (Schimp.) C. Hartm. (o) 
Orthotrichum rogeri Brid. (o) 
Petalophyllum ralfsii (Wils.) Nees & Gott. (o) 
Plagiomnium drummondii (Bruch & Schimp.) T. Kop. (o) 
Riccia breidleri Jur. (o) 
Riella helicophylla (Bory & Mont.) Mont, (o) 
Scapania massolongi (K. Mull.) K. Mull, (o) 
Sphagnum pylaisii Brid. (o) 
Tayloria rudolphiana (Garov) B. & S. (o) 
Tortella rigens (N. Alberts) (o) 
SPECIES FOR MACARONESIA 
PTERIDOPHYTA 
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE 
Hymenophyllum maderensis Gibby & Lovis 
DRYOPTERIDACEAE 
• Polystichum drepanum (Sw.) C. Presl. 
ISOETACEAE 
Isoetes azorica Durieu & Paiva ex Milde 
MARSILEACEAE 
• Marsilea azorica Launert & Paiva 
ANGIOSPERMAE 
ASCLEPIADACEAE 
Caralluma burchardii N. E. Brown 
•Ceropegia chrysantha Svent. 
BORAGINACEAE 
Echium candicans L. til. 
• Echium gentianoides Webb & Coincy 
Myosotis azorica H. C. Watson 
Myosotis maritima Hochst. in Seub. 
CAMPANULACEAE 
• Azorina vidalii (H. C. Watson) Feer 
Musschia aurea (L. f.) DC. 
• Musschia wollastonii Lowe 
CAPRIFOLIACEAE 
• Sambucus palmensis Link 
CARYOPHYLLACEAE 
Spergularia azorica (Kindb.) Lebel 
CELASTRACEAE 
Maytenus umbellata (R. Br.) Mabb. 
CHENOPODIACEAE 
Beta patula Ait. 
CISTACEAE 
Cistus chinamadensis Banares & Romero 
• Helianthemum bystropogophyllum Svent. 
COMPOSITAE 
Andryala crithmifolia Ait. 
• Argyranthemum lidii Humphries 
Argyranthemum thalassophylum (Svent.) Hump. 
Argyranthemum winterii (Svent.) Humphries 
• Atractylis arbuscula Svent. & Michaelis 
Atractylis preauxiana Schultz. 
Calendula maderensis DC. 
Cheirolophus duranii (Burchard) Holub 
3>1 
Cheirolophus ghomerytus (Svent.) Holub 
Cheirolophus junonianus (Svent.) Holub 
Cheirolophus massonianus (Lowe) Hansen & Sund. 
Cirsium latifolium Lowe 
Helichrysum gossypinum Webb 
Helichrysum oligocephala (Svent. & Bzamw.) 
• Lactuca watsoniana Trel. 
• Onopordum nogalesii Svent. 
• Onorpordum carduelinum Bolle 
• Pericallis hadrosoma Svent. 
Phagnalon benettii Lowe 
Stemmacantha cynaroides (Chr. Son. in Buch) Ditt 
Sventenia bupleuroides Font Quer 
• Tanacetum ptarmiciflorum Webb & Berth 
CONVOLVULACEAE 
• Convolvulus caput-medusae Lowe 
• Convolvulus lopez-socasii Svent. 
• Convolvulus massonii A. Dietr. 
CRASSULACEAE 
Aeonium gomeraense Praeger 
Aeonium saundersii Bolle 
Aichryson dumosum (Lowe) Praeg. 
Monanthes wildpretii Banares & Scholz 
Sedum brissemoretii Raymond-Hamet 
CRUCIFERAE 
• Crambe arborea Webb ex Christ 
Crambe laevigata DC. ex Christ 
• Crambe sventenii R. Petters ex Bramwell & Sund. 
• Parolinia schizogynoides Svent. 
Sinapidendron rupestre (Ait.) Lowe 
CYPERACEAE 
Carex malato-belizii Raymond 
DIPSACACEAE 
Scabiosa nitens Roemer & J. A. Schultes 
ERICACEAE 
Erica scoparia L. subsp. azorica (Hochst.) D. A. Webb 
EUPHORBIACEAE 
• Euphorbia handiensis Burchard 
Euphorbia lambii Svent. 
Euphorbia stygiana H. C. Watson 
GERANIACEAE 
• Geranium maderense P. F. Yeo 
GRAMINEAE 
Deschampsia maderensis (Haeck. & Bom.) Buschm. 
Phalaris maderensis (Menezes) Menezes 
GLOBULARIACEAE 
• Globularia ascanii D. Bramwell & Kunkel 
• Globularia sarcophylla Svent. 
3^ 
LABIATAE 
• Sideritis cystosiphon Svent. 
•Sideritis discolor (Webb ex de Noe) Bolle 
Sideritis infernalis Bolle 
Sideritis marmorea Bolle 
Teucrium abutiloides L'Hér. 
Teucrium betonicum L'Hér. 
LEGUMINOSAE 
• Anagyris latifolia Brouss. ex. Willd. 
Anthyllis lemanniana Lowe 
• Dorycnium spectabile Webb & Berthel 
• Lotus azoricus P. W. Ball 
Lotus callis-viridis D. Bramwell & D. H. Davis 
• Lotus kunkelii (E. Chueca) D. Bramwell & al. 
• Teline rosmarinifolia Webb & Berthel. 
• Teline salsoloides Arco & Acebes. 
Vicia dennesiana H. C. Watson 
LILIACEAE 
• Androcymbium psammophilum Svent. 
Scilla maderensis Menezes 
Semele maderensis Costa 
LORANTHACEAE 
Arceuthobium azoricum Wiens & Hawksw. 
MYRICACEAE 
• Myrica rivas-martinezii Santos. 
OLEACEAE 
Jasminum azoricum L. 
Picconia azorica (Turin) Knobl. 
ORCHIDACEAE 
Goodyera macrophylla Lowe 
PITTOSPORACEAE 
• Pittosporum coriaceum Dryand. ex. Ait. 
PLANTAGINACEAE 
Plantago malato-belizii Lawalree 
PLUMBAGINACEAE 
• Limonium arborescens (Brouss.) Kuntze 
Limonium dendroides Svent. 
• Limonium spectabile (Svent.) Kunkel & Sunding 
• Limonium sventenii Santos & Fernandez Galvan 
POLYGONACEAE 
Rumex azoricus Rech. fil. 
RHAMNACEAE 
Frangula azorica Tutin 
ROSACEAE 
• Bencomia brachystachya Svent. 
Bencomia sphaerocarpa Svent. 
• Chamaemeles coriacea Lindl. 
Dendriopoterium pulidoi Svent. 
Marcetella maderensis (Bom.) Svent. 
32 
Prunus lusitanica L. 
subsp. azorica (Mouillef.) Franco 
Sorbus maderensis (Lowe) Dode 
SANTALACEAE 
Kunkeliella subsucculenta Kammer 
SCROPHULARIACEAE 
• Euphrasia azorica H.C. Watson 
Euphrasia grandiflora Hochst. in Seub. 
• Isoplexis chalcantha Svent. & O'Shanahan 
Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb & Berthel.) Masferrer 
Odontites holliana (Lowe) Benth. 
Sibthorpia peregrina L. 
SOLANACEAE 
• Solanum lidii Sunding 
UMBELLIFERAE 
Ammi trifoliatum (H. C. Watson) Trelease 
Bupleurum handiense (Bolle) Kunkel 
Chaerophyllum azoricum Trelease 
Ferula latipinna Santos 
Melanoselinum decipiens (Schrader & Wendl.) Hoffm. 
Monizia edulis Lowe 
Oenanthe divaricata (R. Br.) Mabb. 
Sanicula azorica Guthnick ex Seub. 
VIOLACEAE 
Viola paradoxa Lowe 
Lower plants 
BRYOPHYTA 
• Echinodium spinosum (Mitt.) Jur. (o) 
• Thamnobryum fernandesii Sergio (o) " 
3«f 
ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(97) 195 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 14 15 03 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-97-211-EN-C 
ISBN 92-78-19665-7 
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg 
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