COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
Brussels, 04.06 1996 
COM(%) 250 final 
95/0160 (SYN) 
Re-examined proposal tor a 
CQVNÇH ftEQUlATIQN (EC) 
ON 
FOOD-AID POLICY AND FOOD-AID MANAGEMENT AND 
SPECIAL OPERATIONS IN SUPPORT OF FOOD SECURITY 
(presented by the Commission pursuant to Article 189 c (d) 
of the EC Treaty) 

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 
(concerning the amendments accepted and the amendments rejected) 
Re-examined proposal for a Council Regulation (EC) on food aid policy and food aid 
management and special operations in support of food security 
References: Proposal COM(95) 283 final 95/0160 (SYN). 
Cooperation procedure second reading Article 189c(d). 
BACKGROUND 
On 14 July 1995 the Commission presented to Council and Parliament a proposal for a 
regulation on food aid policy and food aid management and special operations in support 
of food security. 
The aim of this proposal is to review, restructure, update and adapt all the legal 
instruments of food aid policy and management, including special operations in support 
of food security, such as allocations of inputs and seeds and storage programmes or early 
warning systems. 
The proposal for a Council Regulation on aid and food security, based on Article 130w 
of the Treaty, is subject to the cooperation procedure (Article 189c of the Treaty). 
Under the cooperation procedure, on 21 May Parliament expressed its opinion upon 
second reading and adopted a total of 39 amendments (PE 216/574). In accordance with 
Article 189c(d) the Commission presented a re-examined proposal incorporating the 
amendments which it accepted. 
COMMENTS ON THE AMENDMENTS ADOPTED BY PARLIAMENT UPON 
SECOND READING 
Taken as a whole, the amendments fall into two categories: those which concern the 
content of the Regulation (food aid as an instrument for combating poverty, stepping up 
local purchases, supplying drinking water and women's role in food security projects) 
and those which concern the form, many of which provide clarification and helpful 
explanations that improve the text. 
(a) Brief detailed analysis of the amendments accepted/rejected 
The amendments submitted at second reading fall into four categories. 
The Commission accepted the following amendments in their entirety: 
The Commission accepted the following amendments in their entirety: 
Nos 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 15 (1st indent), 15 (2nd indent), 15 (3rd indent), 16 
(3rd indent), 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 (1st indent), 21 (2nd indent), 21 (4th indent), 21 
(5th indent), 21 (6th indent), 21 (7th indent), 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 
35, 37, 38, since they are amendments which are acceptable or even represent 
an improvement. 
The Commission accepted the substance of the following amendments but gave 
them another form, because they are acceptable in terms of substance but the 
Commission prefers other wording: Nos 8, 4, 11, 12, 13 and 14. 
The Commission did not accept the following amendments either because they 
restrict the scope of food aid or because they impose excessive management 
constraints on the Commission's departments (Nos 15 (4th indent), 16 (1st 
indent), 16 (2nd indent), 21 (3rd indent), 32,39 and 40) or because they are very 
difficult to reconcile with the compromise obtained within the Council (Nos 
25, 26, 33 and 36). 
(b) Commission position and grounds for that position 
While taking account of the Commission position proposed for the remainder of 
the amendments as indicated under (a), the Commission rejected the amendments 
referred to in the preceding paragraph for the following reasons: 
No 15 (fourth indent): this amendment concerns the reduction of the beneficiary 
countries' dependence on food imports; the Commission supports commercial 
imports as a major component of food security policy in countries with a 
structural shortfall. 
No 16 (1st and 2nd indents): this amendment sets as an exclusive criterion for 
awarding food aid either the inability of the beneficiaries to make up their food 
shortfall themselves or the presence of fundamental food shortfalls. Making the 
award of food aid so exclusive is likely to restrict the scope of food aid and food 
security operations. 
No 21 (3rd indent): the purpose of the amendment is to step up financing for 
those responsible for marketing, transporting and distributing agricultural 
products and foodstuffs. Community financing is for the marketing, transport, 
distribution or processing of agricultural products and food, and is not intended 
to provide aid for "those responsible" for such operations. 
Nos 25 and 26: these amendments concern the mobilization of products on the 
developing countries' markets, the real "hard core" of the Regulation. The 
Commission considers that the priority criterion for purchases established by 
Parliament in amendments 25 and 26, while encouraging and increasing the 
importance of triangular exports, greatly exceeds the "dynamic balance" which 
was achieved with great difficulty within the Working Party on Food Aid by 
means of the proposal for a compromise on Article 11 drawn up by the 
Presidency. 
^ — 
No 32: this amendment calls upon the Commission to undertake the necessary 
coordination between its directorates-general and departments in order to 
guarantee compatibility between the operations conducted in the sphere of aid and 
food security and those conducted in other spheres. The Commission is unable 
to accept the amendment since it already undertakes this coordination, which in 
any event comes under its own internal management rules. 
No 33: this amendment concerns Article 21 of the common position determining 
the respective contributions of the Community and the Member States making up 
the overall amount of cereals laid down in the Food Aid Convention. This 
Article is the result of lengthy discussions within the Council Working Party and 
the final text provides for joint action (decision sui generis ) by the Council on 
behalf of the Community in respect of the Community share and by the Member 
States' representatives on their own behalf for the national quantities. 
No 36: the aim of this amendment is to include national aid in the analysis and 
monitoring conducted by the Food Aid Committee. The Committee's powers are 
confined to food security operations which qualify for Community aid and do not 
in any instance extend to national aid. 
No 39: this amendment calls on the Commission to draw up a report evaluating 
food aid operations and to transmit it to Parliament once a year. In line with the 
"Williamson Declaration", the Commission considers that it would be better to 
remove the reference to timing for the presentation of reports other than that 
provided for in Article 31 of the common position. 
No 40: the aim of this amendment is to have the Commission present targeted 
evaluation of how far food aid operations complement the EU's other policies. 
A commitment of this kind would oblige the Commission to provide evaluation 
of the complementary nature of food aid operations, an evaluation operation 
which is now well advanced. 
o- -
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular 
Article 130w thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, (1) 
Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 189c of the Treaty, i2) 
C) OJ No C 253, 29.9.95, p.10. 
(2) Parliament decision of....not yet published in the OJ. 
—m 
S\-2 
Whereas now as ever food aid is an important aspect of the Community's development 
cooperation policy; 
Whereas food aid must be integrated into the developing countries' policies for the 
improvement of their food security, in particular by the establishment of food strategies aimed 
at alleviating poverty and geared to achieving the ultimate goal of making food aid 
superfluous; 
Whereas the European Community and its Member States closely coordinate their 
development cooperation policies as regards food-aid programmes and operations aimed 
specifically at enhancing food security; whereas the Community, with its Member States, is a 
party to certain international agreements in this domain, and in particular the Food Aid 
Convention; 
Whereas regional, national and household food security, with the long-term aim of securing 
universal access to a diet that will promote a healthy and active life, is an important element 
in the fight against poverty; whereas it is important for this to be emphasized in all 
programmes intended for developing countries; 
Whereas food aid must not have any adverse effects on the normal production and 
commercial import structures of the recipient countries; 
Whereas food aid and operations in support of food security are key features of Community 
development cooperation policy and must be taken into account as objectives in all 
Community policies likely to affect the developing countries, in particular from the point of 
view of economic reforms and structural adjustment; 
Whereas, given the different responsibilities of men and women for the food security of 
households, systematic account should be taken of their different roles when drawing up 
programmes aimed at achieving food security; 
Whereas women and communities should be involved to a greater extent in efforts to achieve 
food security at national, regional or local level and at the level of households; 
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Whereas food aid must be an effective instrument ensuring access to an adequate and 
appropriate diet and improving the availability and accessibility of foodstuffs to the public, 
consistent with local dietary habits and production and trading systems, particularly in food 
crises, and fully integrated into development policy; 
Whereas the food-aid instrument is a key component of the Community's policy on 
preventing or helping in crisis situations in the developing countries; whereas account should 
be taken in its implementation of its possible social and political effects; 
Whereas food-aid operations cannot be part of a viable solution unless they are integrated 
into development operations geared to relaunching local production and trade; 
Whereas analysis, diagnosis, programming and monitoring need to be improved to make food 
aid more effective and avoid adverse effects on local production, distribution, transport and 
marketing capacities; 
Whereas food aid should be made a real instrument of the Community's policy of cooperation 
with the developing countries, thereby enabling the Community to participate fully in 
multiannual development projects; 
Whereas it is therefore necessary that the Community be able to provide a steady overall flow 
of aid and be in a position, in appropriate cases, to undertake to supply to the developing 
countries minimum amounts of products under specific multiannual programmes linked to 
development policies as well as to enter into undertakings in relation to international 
organizations; 
"ÉFJ 
4 
Whereas the Community's support for the developing countries' efforts to achieve food 
security could be enhanced by greater flexibility in food aid, granting financial support for 
operations concerning food security, and in particular the development of farming and food 
crops as an alternative to food aid in certain circumstances, while protecting the environment 
and the interests of small farmers and fishermen; 
Whereas the Community can assist those in need in rural and urban areas in the developing 
countries by helping finance operations in support of food security through the purchase of 
food products, seed, agricultural implements and inputs, and various means of production, 
and through storage programmes, early-warning systems, mobilization, supervision and 
technical and financial assistance; 
Whereas it is necessary to strengthen and continue to support regional approaches to food 
security, including triangular operations in the field of food aid and local purchasing operations 
in order to make use of the natural complementarity between countries belonging to the same 
region; whereas the policies conducted in the field of food security should be given a regional 
dimension in order to foster regional trade in foodstuffs and promote integration; 
Whereas the purchase of foodstuffs at local level reduces inefficiency, costs and damage to 
the environment which might be caused by the transport of large quantities of foodstuffs in 
the world; 
Whereas the genetic potential and bio-diversity of food production must be safeguarded; 
Whereas Community food-aid policy must adjust to geopolitical change and the economic 
reforms under way in many recipient countries; 
Whereas a list should be drawn up of the countries and bodies eligible for Community aid 
operations; 
Whereas to that end provision should also be made for Community aid to be made available 
to international, regional and non-governmental organizations; whereas such organizations 
must satisfy a number of conditions guaranteeing the success of food-aid operations; 
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Whereas, in order to facilitate the application of certain of the measures envisaged and ensure 
that they mesh with the recipient country's food security policy, provision should be made for 
close cooperation between the Member States and the Commission within a Food Security 
and Food Aid Committee; 
Whereas in determining the steps to be taken for the execution of food-aid operations the 
implementing procedures should be adjusted to the specific nature of each recipient area, 
although within the framework of a common policy and strategy; 
Whereas, in order to ensure better management of food aid, aligning it more closely on the 
interests and needs of the recipient countries, and to improve the decision-making and 
implementing procedures, it is desirable to replace Council Regulation (EEC) No 3972/86 on 
food-aid policy and food-aid management, (3) as last amended by Council Regulation (EEC) 
No 1930/90 (4), Council Regulation No 1755/84 on the implementation in relation to food of 
alternative operations in place of food-aid deliveries, (5) Council Regulation No 2507/88 on the 
implementation of storage programmes and early warning systems (6), Council Regulation 
No 2508/88 on the implementation of cofinancing operations for the purchase of food 
products or seeds by international bodies or non-governmental organizations (7) and Council 
Regulation No 1420/87 laying down procedures for the implementation of Regulation (EEC) 
No 3972/86 on food-aid policy and food-aid management, (8) 
(3) OJNoL370, 30.12.1986. 
(4) OJ No L 174, 7.7.1990, p.6. 
(5) OJNoL165, 23. 6.1984, p.7. 
(6) OJNoL220, 11. 8.1988, p. 1. 
(7) OJNoL220, 11. 8.1988, p.4. 
(8) OJ NO L136, 26.5.1987, p. 1. 
"ETC 
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HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: 
CHAPTER 1 
Objectives and general guidelines for 
food aid and operations in support of 
food security 
Article 1 
1. Under its policy of cooperation with developing countries and in order to respond 
appropriately to situations of food insecurity caused by serious food shortages or food 
crises the Community shall carry out food-aid operations and operations in support of 
food security in the developing countries. 
Food-aid operations of a humanitarian nature shall be carried out in the framework of 
the rules on humanitarian aid and do not fall within the scope of this Regulation. In the 
event of a serious crisis, all the instruments of the Community's aid policy shall be 
implemented in close coordination for the benefit of the population concerned. 
2. Operations under this Regulation shall be appraised after analysis of the desirability and 
effectiveness of this instrument as compared with other means of intervention available 
under Community aid which could have an impact on food security and food aid, and in 
coordination with these means. 
The Commission shall ensure that operations under this Regulation are appraised in 
close coordination with intervention by other donors. 
1 
3. The objectives of the food-aid operations and operations in support of food security 
referred to in paragraph 1 shall, in particular, be: 
- to promote food security geared to alleviating poverty to help the population of 
developing countries and regions; 
- to raise the standard of nutrition of the recipient population and help it obtain a 
balanced diet; 
- to improve the supply of drinking water to the population; 
- to promote the availability and accessibility of foodstuffs to the public; 
- to contribute towards the balanced economic and social development of the recipient 
countries in the rural and urban environment; by paying special attention to the 
respective roles of women and men in the household economy and in the social 
structure; the ultimate objective of Community aid operations shall be to make the 
recipients into agents of their own development; 
- to support the efforts of the recipient countries to improve their own food production 
at regional, national, local and family level; 
- reduce their dependence on food aid; 
- encourage them to be independent in food, either by increasing production, or by 
enhancing and increasing purchasing power; 
- to contribute to the initiatives to combat poverty with development as an objective. 
8 
4. The Community's aid shall be integrated as thoroughly as possible into the development 
policies, particularly those on agriculture and agri-foodstuffs, and the food strategies of 
the countries concerned. Community aid shall back up the recipient country's policies 
on poverty, nutrition, reproductive health care, environmental protection and 
rehabilitation, with special attention to the continuity of programmes, particularly in a 
post-emergency situation. Whether sold or distributed free of charge, aid must not be 
liable to disrupt the local market. 
TITLE I - Food-aid operations 
Article 2 
1. The products supplied, along with any other operation in the framework of food aid, 
must reflect as closely as possible the dietary habits of the recipient population and shall 
not adversely affect the recipient country. 
When products are selected, consideration shall be given to how to maximize the 
quantity of food with a view to reaching the maximum number of people, taking into 
account the quality of products in order to ensure adequate levels of nutrition. 
9 
When selecting the products to be supplied as Community aid and the procedures for 
the mobilization and distribution of that aid, particular account shall be taken of the 
social aspects of access to food in the recipient countries, and especially o* the nrcs? 
vulnerable groups and the roie of women in the household economy. 
2. Food aid shall primarily be allocated on the basis of an objective evaluation of the real 
needs justifying such aid, as this is the only way to improve the food security of groups 
which do not have the means or possibility of plugging their food shortage themselves. 
To that end, consideration shall be given to the following criteria, without exciudinq 
other relevant considerations: 
- food shortages; 
- the food situation measured using human development and nutritional indicators; 
- per capita income and the existence of particularly poor population groups; 
- social indicators of the welfare of the population in question; 
- the recipient country's balance-of-payments situation; 
- the economic and social impact and financial cost of the proposed operation; 
- the existence in the recipient country of a long-term policy on food security. 
10 
3. The granting of food aid shall, where necessary, be conditional on the implementation of 
short-term, multiannual development projects, sectoral operations or development 
programmes, and as a priority those which promote sustainable long-term food 
production and food security in the recipient countries within the framework of a food 
policy and strategy. Where appropriate, this aid may take the form of a direct 
contribution to the implementation of such projects, operations or programmes. Where 
Community aid is intended for sale, such complementarity must be ensured by the use 
of counterpart funds for purposes agreed by the Community and the recipient country 
or, where appropriate, the body or non-governmental organization which receives the 
aid. Where aid is provided as backing for a development programme spread over a 
number of years, it may be supplied on a multiannual basis linked to the programme in 
question. Besides the allocation of basic foodstuffs, aid may be used for the supply of 
seed, fertilizer, tools, other inputs and commodities, the creation of reserves, technical 
and financial assistance and awareness and training schemes. 
4. As a key component of food-security programmes food aid may be given to support 
efforts by the recipient countries to create buffer stocks paying special attention to 
individual farmers' stocks and national reserves, in tandem with the setting-up of 
regional reserves. 
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5. Counterpart funds shall be managed in a manner consistent with other Community aid 
instruments. 
In the case of countries undergoing structural adjustment, and in line with the relevant 
resolutions of the Council, the counterpart funds generated by the various development 
assistance instruments constitute resources which must be managed as part of a single 
and consistent budgetary policy in the context of a programme of reforms. In this 
context, the Community could move from targeting counterpart funds towards more 
general allocation, as soon as progress has been made in improving the effectiveness of 
the monitoring instruments, programming and budget implementation, and as regards 
internalization of reviews of public expenditure. Without prejudice to the foregoing, 
these funds shall be managed in accordance with general Community aid procedures for 
such funds and as a priority to support food-security policies and programmes. 
TITLE II - Operations in support of food security 
Article 3 
Where circumstances warrant it, the Community may carry out operations in support of food 
security in developing countries suffering a food shortage. 
Such operations may be implemented by the recipient countries, by the Commission, by 
international or regional bodies or by non-governmental organizations. 
12 
The purpose of these operations shall be to support, using the resources available, the 
framing and execution of a food strategy or other measures fostering the food security of the 
population concerned and to encourage it to reduce its food dependency and its dependence 
on food aid, especially in the case of low-income countries with serious food shortages. The 
operations must help to improve the living standards of the poorest people in the countries 
concerned. 
Operations in support of food security shall take the form of financial and technical 
assistance, in accordance with the criteria and procedures laid down in this Regulation. Such 
operations shall be planned and appraised in the light of their consistency with, and 
complementarity to, the objectives and operations financed by other Community 
development-aid instruments. They must be part of a multiannual plan. 
Article 4 
A developing country or international, regional or non-governmental organization eligible for 
Community food-aid operations under this Regulation may receive part or all of the food aid 
that has been - or may be - allocated to it in the form of operations in support of food 
security, with particular account being taken of trends in production, consumption and 
reserves in that country, the food situation of its inhabitants and the food aid granted by 
other donors. 
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Article 5 
Operations in support of food security shall take the form of technical and financial assistance 
aimed, in accordance with the objectives laid down in Article 1, at improving sustainable and 
long-term food security by helping finance, inter alia: 
the supply of seed, tools and inputs essential to the production of food crops; 
rural credit support schemes targeted in particular at women; 
schemes to supply the population with drinking water; 
storage schemes at the appropriate level; 
operations concerning the marketing, transport, distribution or processmg of agricultural 
and food products; 
measures in support of the private sector for commercial development at national, 
regional and international level; 
applied research and field training; 
projects to develop the production of food crops while respecting the environment; 
flanking, awareness, technical assistance and field training operations, in particular for 
women and producers' organizations; 
support measures for women and producers' organizations; 
projects to produce fertilizer from raw materials and basic materials found in the 
recipient countries; 
schemes to support local food-aid structures, including training schemes on the ground. 
EN 
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TITLE III - Early-warning systems and storage programmes 
Article 6 
The Community may support existing national early-warning systems and help to strengthen 
existing international early-warning systems concerning the food situation in developing 
countries and, in exceptional and duly substantiated cases, it may operate such systems, in 
accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 27 of this Regulation. It may also cover 
the cost of implementing storage programmes in these countries in support of food-aid 
operations under this Regulation or comparable measures undertaken by the Member States, 
international or regional bodies or non-governmental organizations. 
Such operations should be consistent with other Community development aid instruments, 
including the use of counterpart funds generated by the sale of food aid, and be compatible 
with Community development policy. 
These operations are intended to strengthen the food security of the recipient countries. 
They must help improve the living conditions of the poorest sections of the population in the 
countries concerned and conform with their development objectives, in particular the policy 
on food crops. 
Community participation in such operations shall take the form of financial and/or technical 
assistance, in accordance with the criteria and procedures laid down in this Regulation. 
15 
Operations supported by Community aid shall be appraised in the light of and in a manner 
consistent with existing programmes managed by specialist international organizations. 
Article 7 
Community support for storage programmes and early-warning systems may be granted, upon 
request, to international or regional bodies or non-governmental organizations for operations 
to help developing countries eligible for food aid from the Community and its Member States. 
Article 8 
Community aid may help finance the following measures: 
early-warning systems and systems for gathering data on trends in harvests, stocks and 
markets, the food situation of households and the vulnerability of the population with a 
view to improving understanding of the food situation in the countries concerned; 
operations aimed at improving storage systems with a view to reducing waste or 
ensuring sufficient storage capacity for emergencies. Such operations may also include 
the establishment of the infrastructure, in particular bagging, unloading, disinfection, 
treatment and storage facilities, needed to handle food products in these countries in 
support of food-aid operations or operations in support of food security; 
preparatory studies and training schemes in connection with the above activities. 
"EFÏ 
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CHAPTER II 
Implementing procedures for food aid 
and storage and early-warning operations 
in support of food security 
Article 9 
1. The countries and bodies eligible for Community aid for operations under this Regulation 
are listed in the Annex. In this connection, priority shall be given to the poorest 
sections of the population and to low-income countries with serious food shortages. 
The Commission may amend that list of countries and bodies eligible for aid after 
consulting the Committee referred to in Article 26 and according to the procedure set 
out in Article 27. 
2. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) eligible for direct or indirect Community 
financing for the implementation of operations under this Regulation must meet the 
following criteria: 
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(a) if they are European NGOs they should be non-profit-making autonomous 
organizations in a Member State of the European Community under the laws in 
force in that Member State; 
(b) have their main headquarters in a Member State of the Community, the recipient 
countries or, exceptionally, in the case of international NGOs, a third country. 
This headquarters must be the effective decision-making centre for all 
co-financed operations; 
(c) show that they can successfully carry out food-aid operations; in particular 
through: 
- their administrative and financial management capacity, 
- their technical and logistical capacity to handle the proposed operation, 
- the results of operations implemented by the relevant NGOs carried out with 
Community finance or finance from the Member States, 
- their experience in the field of food aid and food security, 
- their presence in the recipient country and their knowledge of that country or 
of developing countries; 
(d) undertake to comply with the conditions laid down by the Commission for the 
allocation of food aid. 
Article 10 
1. The Community may help finance operations in support of food security of the kind 
described in Titles I, II and III (Chapters I and II) executed by the recipient country, the 
Commission, international or regional bodies or non-governmental organizations. 
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2. Cofinancing operations may be carried out at the request of recipient countries, 
international or regional bodies or non-governmental organizations, where such 
operations seem the most appropriate way of enhancing the food security of groups 
without the ways and means to cope with a food shortage themselves. 
3. In the design of the Community operations defined in Titles I, II and III, particular 
attention will be given to: 
- the pursuit of sustainable impact and economic viability in project design; 
- the clear definition and monitoring of objectives and indicators of achievement. 
Article 11 
1. Products shall be mobilized on the Community market, in the recipient country or in one 
of the developing countries (listed in the Annex to this Regulation) if possible one 
belonging to the same geographical region as the recipient country. 
2. Exceptionally, products may be mobilized on the market of a country other than those 
provided for in paragraph 1 in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 27 of 
this Regulation: 
- if the requisite type or quality of product is unavailable on the market of the 
Community or any of the developing countries; 
- if there is a serious food shortage, where such purchases are likely to increase the 
effectiveness of the operation. 
19 
3. Food products available on the European market may be mobilized on the market of a 
developing country, if the economic efficiency of doing so compares favourably with 
that of mobilizing products on the European market. 
4. Where food is purchased or sold in the recipient country or in a developing country, 
steps must be taken to ensure that such purchases threaten neither to disrupt the 
market of the country concerned or of any other developing countries in the same 
region nor to affect adversely production or the supply of food to their inhabitants. 
Such purchases or sales shall be integrated as thoroughly as possible into the 
implementation of Community development policy towards these countries, particularly 
with regard to the promotion of food security in the country concerned or at regional 
level. 
Article 12 
Where a recipient country has partially or totally liberalized food imports, the mobilization of 
Community aid must be consistent with that country's policy and not distort the market. 
In such cases, the Community contribution may take the form of a foreign-currency facility to 
be made available to private-sector operators in the country concerned, subject to the 
operation being part of a social and economic policy and an agricultural policy aimed at 
alleviating poverty (including the strategy on the importation of basic foodstuffs). The 
recipients shall be required to prove that they have made proper use of the means put at their 
disposal. Priority shall go to small and medium-sized private operators in order to ensure that 
operations are complementary. To the extent that its powers to carry out operations enable it, 
the Commission may adopt positive discrimination measures for small and medium-sized 
private operators. 
Such aid shall be governed by the principles laid down in Article 11. 
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Article 13 
1. The Community may cover costs relating to the transport of food aid. 
2. Where the Commission considers that the Community should cover costs relating to the 
inland transport of food aid, it shall take account of the following general criteria: 
- a serious food shortage; 
- the delivery of food aid to low-income countries suffering from serious food 
shortages; 
- whether the food aid is destined for the international or regional bodies or 
non-governmental organizations referred to in Article 10; 
- the need to increase the efficiency of the food-aid operation in question. 
3. Where food aid is sold in the recipient country, the Community should cover inland 
transport costs only in exceptional circumstances. 
4. The Community may also cover the air transport costs of food-aid operations in 
exceptional circumstances. 
Article 14 
The Community may cover final distribution costs where the smooth execution of the 
food-aid operations concerned requires it. 
21 
Article 15 
Community aid shall take the form of grants. 
Aid may cover the external and local costs of implementing operations, including maintenance 
and operating costs. 
Operations under this Regulation shall be exempt from taxes, duties and customs charges. 
Any counterpart funds shall be used in accordance with the objectives laid down in this 
Regulation and managed in agreement with the Commission. The competent authority of the 
recipient country shall keep accounts on the collection and use of the funds and shall be 
obliged to render accounts. 
Article 16 
The Community contribution may also cover flanking activities necessary to make the 
operations under this Regulation more efficient and, in particular, supervision, monitoring and 
inspection, distribution and field training. 
Article 17 
Participation in invitations to tender and other procedures for the award of public contracts 
shall be open on equal terms to all natural and legal persons in the European Union and the 
recipient countries. It may be extended by the Commission to operations under Article 11 (2) 
to include natural and legal persons in the countries where the aid is mobilized. 
22 
When implementing this Regulation, the Commission shall guarantee the openness of the 
operations in question by publicizing them properly. The Commission shall ensure that 
operations by intermediary organizations are also publicized properly. 
Article 18 
The Commission may authorize a representative to conclude cofinancing agreements in its 
name. 
Article 19 
1. The Commission shall lay down the allocation, mobilizing and implementation conditions 
for aid under this Regulation. 
2. Aid shall not be implemented unless the recipient country, international or regional 
organization or non-governmental organization complies with these conditions. 
Article 20 
The Commission shall take all measures necessary for the proper implementation of food-aid 
programmes and operations, and operations in support of food security. 
To that end, the Member States and the Commission shall afford each other all necessary 
assistance and exchange all relevant information. 
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CHAPTER «I 
Procedure for implementing 
food-aid operations and 
early-warning and storage operations 
in support of food security 
Article 21 
1. The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission and after 
consulting the European Parliament, shall determine the Community share of the overall 
amount of cereals aid laid down in the Food Aid Convention as the total contribution of 
both the Community and its Member States. 
2. The Commission shall coordinate the operations of the Community and the 
Member States as regards the supply of cereals aid under the Food Aid Convention and 
shall ensure that the total contribution by the Community and its Member States is at 
least as high as the quantities provided for in that Convention^9) 
(9) Statement by the Council and the Commission 
"The Council and the Commission agree that the amount of the Community contribution 
under the Food Aid Convention should be determined at the same time as the amounts 
of the contributions of the Member States, jointly by the Council on behalf of the 
Community and by the representatives of Member States meeting within the Council on 
teir own behalf. To this end, the porposal to be submitted by the Commission to the 
Council will be accompanied by a draft allocation between the Member States of the 
total amount incumbent on them." 
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Article 22 
The Commission, acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 27, and taking 
account of the general policy guidelines for food aid shall: 
adopt the list of products which may be mobilized as aid; 
lay down rules for mobilization, monitoring and evaluation; 
determine each recipient's share, in terms of the quantity and cost of the products; 
where necessary, adjust allocations during the implementation of programmes. 
Article 23 
Decisions: 
granting food aid or providing for an operation in support of food security and laying 
down the conditions for the latter; 
granting a contribution to international or regional bodies and non-governmental 
organizations for the financing of operations in support of food security; 
IN 
25 
granting aid for a storage programme or early-warning system; 
shall be made by the Commission in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 27, in 
compliance with the limits set in Article 25. 
Article 24 
1. In accordance with the Council decisions referred to in Article 21 and the decisions 
taken under Article 22, the Commission shall decide on: 
(a) emergency or serious food shortage operations, where famine or an imminent 
danger thereof seriously threatens the lives or health of people in a country 
without the ways and means to cope itself with a food shortage, after 
consulting the Member States by the most appropriate means and according 
them three working days in which to put forward any objections. If there are 
any objections, the Committee shall examine the question at its next 
meeting;(10) 
(b) the conditions governing the supply and implementation of aid, in particular: 
..^ the general conditions applicable to recipients; 
(10) Statement by the Council and the Commission 
"The procedures and the number of Member States for the purpose of taking into 
account any objections raised in the course of the written procedure will be laid down in 
the Committee's rules of procedure." 
- ; ' ' ' "* ; ' ' • ; ; ! EN 
26 
- initiation of the procedures governing mobilization, supply of products and 
implementation of other measures, and conclusion of the relevant contracts. 
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1 (a), the Commission shall be entitled to take all 
necessary measures to speed up the supply of food aid. 
The volume of aid granted in a given case shall be limited to the quantities needed by 
the population affected to cope with the situation for a period not normally exceeding 
six months. 
The Commission shall ensure that priority is given at all stages to the mobilization of 
food aid for the operations provided for in paragraph 1 (a) and (b). 
Article 25 
Decisions regarding operations the financing for which under this Regulation exceeds 
ECU 2 million shall be taken in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 27. 
Article 26 
1. The Commission shall be assisted by a Food Aid Committee, hereinafter referred to as 
"the Committee", composed of the representatives of the Member States and chaired 
by a representative of the Commission. 
TN 
27 
2. The Committee must examine the long-term implications of any proposal to commit 
funds for food security at household, local, national and regional level in the recipient 
countries, bearing in mind the principles laid down in Article 1 of this Regulation. It 
shall also analyse and monitor food-security policies which are in receipt of Community 
aid and examine proposals for joint initiatives. 
3. The Committee shall draw up its own rules of procedure. 
Article 27 
Th& representative of the Commission shall submit to the Committee a draft of the measures 
to be taken. The Committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft within a time limit which the 
Chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter in question. The opinion shall 
be delivered by the majority laid down in Article 148(2) of the Treaty in the case of decisions 
which the Council is required to adopt on a proposal from the Commission. The votes of the 
representatives of the Member States within the Committee shall be weighted in the manner 
set out in that Article. The Chairman shall not vote. 
The Commission shall adopt measures which apply immediately. However, if these measures 
are not in accordance with the opinion of the Committee, they shall be communicated by the 
Commission to the Council forthwith. In that event, the Commission shall defer application of 
the measures which it has adopted for a period of two months from the date of such 
communication. 
The Council, acting by a qualified majority, may take a different decision within the time limit 
referred to in the previous paragraph. 
28 
Article 28 
1. In order to guarantee the principle of complementarity referred to in the Treaty and 
enhance the effectiveness and consistency of the Community and national food-aid 
provisions and operations in support of food security, the Commission shall seek to 
ensure that its own activities are as closely coordinated as possible with those of the 
Member States and with other EU policies, both at decision-making level and on the 
ground, and may take any appropriate initiative in pursuit of this end. 
To that end, Member States shall notify the Commission of their national food-aid 
operations and of their food security programmes. The Commission, acting in 
accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 27, shall stipulate how notification 
of national operations is to be effected. 
2. The Commission shall ensure that operations implemented by the Community are 
coordinated with those of international organizations and bodies, in particular those 
which form part of the United Nations system. 
3. The Commission shall seek to develop collaboration and cooperation between the 
Community and third-country donors in the field of food security. 
4. Coordination and cooperation between the Community and the Member States, and 
between the latter and international organizations and third-country donors shall be the 
subject of a regular exchange of information within the Article 27 Committee. 
29 
Article 29 
The Committee may examine any other matter concerning food aid and other operations 
under this Regulation raised by its Chairman, either on the fetter's own initiative or at the 
request of a representative of a Member State. 
The Commission shall inform the Committee, within one month of taking its decision, of the 
food-aid or foo#-security operations and projects it has approved, indicating their amount and 
nature, the recipient country and the partner entrusted with implementation. 
The Commission shall notify the Committee of the general guidelines for products mobilized 
as Community food aid. 
Article 30 
The Commission shall undertake regular evaluations of significant food-aid operations to 
establish whether the objectives laid down in the appraisal of those operations have been 
achieved and to provide guidelines for improving the effectiveness of future operations. It 
shall inform the Committee periodically on the evaluation programmes. 
Member States and the Commission shall notify each other as soon as possible of the results 
of evaluation work and of analyses or studies that would improve aid efficiency. The work 
will be analysed in the Committee. Member States and the Commission shall endeavour to 
carry out joint evaluation exercées. 
30 
The Commission shall draw up procedures for the dissemination and internal and external 
communication of the conclusions of evaluation exercises to the departments and 
organizations concerned. 
Article 31 
At the close of each financial year, the Commission shall submit an annual report on the 
implementation of this Regulation to the European Parliament and the Council. The report 
shall set out the results of execution of the budget as regards commitments and payments 
and projects and programmes financed during the year. As far as possible, the report shall 
contain information on the funds committed nationally during the same financial year. As far 
as possible, it shall contain the most important statistical data (by recipient country, 
nationality, etc.) on contracts awarded for the implementation of projects and programmes. 
The report shall also contain a breakdown of expenditure assigned to each type of operation 
as provided for in Articles 2, 5 and 8 of this Regulation. 
Lastly, the report shall contain information on operations undertaken with the counterpart 
funds generated by food aid. 
"EN 
31 
Article 32 
Regulation (EEC) No 3972/86, as last amended by Regulation (EEC) No 1930/90, and 
Regulations (EEC) No 1755/84, No 2507/88, No 2508/88 and 1420/87 shall be repealed. 
As a transitional measure and until the new mobilization Regulation is adopted by the 
Commission, Commission Regulation No 2200/87 of 8 July 1987 shall continue to apply. 
Three years after the entry into force of this Regulation, the Commission shall submit to the 
Council and to the European Parliament an overall evaluation of the operations financed by 
the Community under this Regulation, accompanied by suggestions for the future of the 
Regulation and, if necessary by proposals for amendments to the Regulation. 
Article 33 
This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following that of its publication in the 
Official Journal of the European Communities. 
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. 
Done at Brussels, 
For the Council 
TR 
32 
1. COUNTRIES ANNEX 
LLDCs 
(Least-developed countries) Other LICs 
(Other low-income countries. 
Per capita GNP < $675 in 1992) LMICs 
(Lower middle-income countries. Per capita GNP 
$676- $2695 in 1992) 
Afghanistan 
Bangladesh 
Benin 
Bhutan 
Botswana 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Cambodia 
Cape Verde 
Central African Republic 
Chad 
Comoros 
Djibouti 
Equatorial Guinea 
Ethiopia 
Gambia 
Guinea Bissau 
Guinea 
Haiti 
Kiribati 
Laos 
Lesotho 
Liberia 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Maldives 
Mali 
Mauritania 
Mozambique 
Myanmar 
Nepal 
Niger 
Rwanda 
Sâo Tome and Principe 
Sierra Leone 
Solomon Islands 
Somalia 
Sudan 
Tanzania 
Togo 
Tuvalu 
Uganda 
Vanuatu 
Western Samoa 
Yemen 
Zaire 
Zambia China 
Egypt 
Eritrea 
Ghana 
Guyana 
Honduras 
India 
Indonesia 
Kenya 
Nicaragua 
Nigeria 
Pakistan 
Sri Lanka 
Tajikistan 
Timor 
Vietnam 
Zimbabwe Albania 
Algeria 
Angola 
Anguilla 
Armenia 
Azerbaijan 
Belize 
Bolivia 
Cameroon 
Chile 
Colombia 
Congo 
Costa Rica 
Côte d'Ivoire 
Cuba 
Dominica 
Dominican Republic 
Ecuador 
El Salvador 
Fiji 
Georgia 
Grenada 
Guatemala 
Iran 
Iraq 
Jamaica 
Jordan 
Kazakhstan 
Korea (Dem. Rep.) 
Kyrgyzstan 
Lebanon 
Macao 
Marshall Islands 
Micronesia, Federated 
States 
Moldova 
Mongolia 
Morocco 
Namibia 
Niue 
Occupied Territories (Gaza 
& the West Bank) 
Panama 
Papua New Guinea 
Paraguay Peru 
Philippines 
Senegal 
South Africa 
St Helena 
St Vincent & the 
Grenadines 
States of former 
Yugoslavia 
Swaziland 
Syria 
Thailand 
Tokelau 
Tonga 
Tunisia 
Turkey 
Turkmenistan 
Turks and Caicos Islands 
Uzbekistan 
Wallis and Futuna 
(ANNEX) IN 
33 
2. BODIES 
WFP 
ICRC 
IFRC 
UNHCR 
UNRWA FAO 
UNICEF 
3. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 
European NGOs, NGOs of the recipient country or, exceptionally, international NGOs 
specializing in development. 
ood/BS/je 
(ANNEX) TR 
34 

ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(96) 250 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 11 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-96-263-EN-C 
ISBN 92-78-05180-2 
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg 
sC