1. 7. 88 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 172/9 
2. The achievement of these objectives demands an 
awareness of the following: 
— the environment as the common heritage of mankind, 
— the ecological balance and the need to safeguard it, 
— the right to enjoyment of an unpolluted environment, 
— the need for the rational use of natural resources, 
— the effects of human activities on the local, national 
and world environment, 
— the way in which each individual can by his own 
behaviour, particularly as a consumer, contribute to 
the protection of the environment. 
Article 2 
1. The competent authorities of the Member States 
shall introduce the points set out in Article 1 (2) at all 
levels of teaching, general education and vocational 
training (including adult training), in cooperation with 
local bodies and, where appropriate, parents. 
To this end, the competent authorities of the Member 
States shall: 
— give consideration to these aspects when drawing up 
curricula and the disciplines in question and organ­
izing interdisciplinary courses, 
— make provision for extra-curricular school activities 
by means of which theoretical knowledge of the 
environment acquired in school can be tried out in 
practice, 
— take appropriate measures to develop teachers' 
knowledge of the environmental matters in the 
context of their initial and in-service training, and 
encourage their further training by means of pilot 
schemes and research projects, 
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European 
Economic Community, and in particular Article 235 
thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, — undertake specific action to provide teachers and 
pupils with appropriate teaching materials. 
2. The Member States shall promote the training of 
specialists in the various disciplines relating to the 
environment by introducing ecological subjects into 
further training programmes. This shall also be 
encouraged in the field of vocational training, including 
university education, with a view to steering the 
behaviour of those with future responsibilities in a 
direction which is most favourable to the conservation of 
the environment and natural resources. 
3. In order to ensure that the actions set out in the 
two preceding paragraphs are incorporated more effec­
tively into the teaching structures and strategies of the 
respective education and training systems, the competent 
authorities of each Member State shall draw up a 
programme setting out the practical arrangements for the 
implementation of the objective referred to in Article 1 
4. These programmes shall take account of the fact 
that environmental education and vocational training is a 
principle of interdisciplinary teaching of relevance both 
to the field of natural sciences and that of social sciences. 
Article 3 
Member States shall take the necessary measures to 
comply with this Decision by 1 April 1990 at the latest 
and shall forthwith notify the Commission thereof. 
Article 4 
The Commission shall present a report on the implemen­
tation of this Decision to the Council and the European 
Parliament by 1 July 1992. 
Article ") 
This Decision is addressed to the Member States. 
Having regard to the opinion of the European 
Parliament, 
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and 
Social Committee, Proposal for a Council recommendation to the Member States to promote cooperation between 
public electricity supply companies and auto-producers of electricity 
COM(88) 225 final 
(Submitted by the Commission to the Council on 19 May 1988) 
(88/C 172/10) 
No C 172/10 Official Journal of the European Communities 1. 7. 88 
Whereas: HI 
In its resolution of 16 September 1986 concerning new j 
Community energy policy objectives for 1995 (*) the 
Council adopted as sectoral objectives improved energy 
efficiency in all sectors and a greater contribution from 
new and renewable sources of energy. 
In accordance with the Council resolution of 26 
November 1986 on a Community orientation to develop 
new and renewable energy sources (2) the Commission 
has already submitted to the Council a recommendation 
to the Member States on developing the exploitation of 
renewable energy sources in the Community (3). 
Combined heat and power generation (CHP) and waste 
energy (combustion of waste and use of residual heat in 
industry) with their potential for oil substitution and 
savings of exhaustible primary energy sources, could 
make an important contribution to the achievement of 
the Community's 1995 energy policy objectives. 
The generation of electricity is a common field of appli­
cation not only for renewable sources of energy but also 
for waste energy and for CHP (in total hereinafter called 
RWC) and is therefore of central importance to the 
development of this energy supply potential. 
These power generation processes are mainly, suited, 
because of factors inherent to the public supply system, 
to auto-production outside this system. 
3. 
The profitability of RWC auto-production will also 
depend on the conditions of cooperation with the public 
electricity supply companies as regards sales of surplus 
electricity, purchases of additional electricity, and the 
provision of reserve capacity. 
Certain existing laws and administrative provisions can 
constitute an obstacle to the development of auto-
production based on RWC. 
The price for the auto-producer's electricity sales to the 
public network should be orientated as closely as possible 
to avoidable costs in the public supply system in order to 
guarantee appropriate revenues for the auto-producer. 
A framework of appropriate measures should govern 
cooperation on electricity between auto-producers and 
public supply companies by establishing common prin­
ciples and hence creating better conditions for the 
further development of RWC auto-production of elec­
tricity in the Community, 
0) OJ No C 241, 25. 9. 1986. 
O OJ No C 316, 9. 12. 1986. 
(') COM(87) 432 final, 28. 9. 1987. HEREBY RECOMMENDS TO THE MEMBER STATES: 
1. That, in order to promote auto-production of elec­
tricity, based on renewable energy sources, waste 
energy and combined heat and power (RWC), they 
should provide a framework for cooperation between 
public supply companies and all RWC auto-
producers, under which the conditions concerning the 
quantity and price of electricity exchanges are agreed 
in accordance with common principles; 
2. That they should facilitate the creation of this 
framework by the introduction of standard contract 
criteria: 
— either by voluntary arrangements between the 
parties concerned, 
or 
— if necessary, through specific legal or adminis­
trative provisions, 
and that existing legal or administrative provisions at 
variance with such criteria should be adapted 
accordingly. The need for defining specific 
procedures for resolving disputes about contract 
conditions should also be examined. 
3. To ensure within such arrangements or provisions: 
3.1. that with regard to quantities: 
— auto-production of electricity based on RWC 
is authorized in principle as long as a public 
interest is not thereby infringed, and that it is 
not impeded either by legal and adminis­
trative provisions or by conditions imposed by 
the public suply companies, 
— the public supply companies should be 
obliged to offer to purchase those quantities 
of electricity which arise out of auto-
production based on RWC, always provided 
that the economic operation of existing public 
generating plants is not thereby jeopardized; 
3.2. that with regard to prices: 
— reimbursement for electricity sales to the 
public supply network from auto-production 
based on RWC should: 
— be determined regardless of the type of 
energy used for such auto-production, 
1. 7. 88 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 172/11 
be based primarily on the long-term 
average costs avoided in the public elec­
tricity supply system for the area in 
question, 
correspond at least to the variable costs 
avoidable in public supply, i. e. mainly the 
avoidable fuel costs, 
guarantee an additional reward to the 
extent that the auto-producer contributes, 
in the public supply, to the avoidance of 
capacity costs in the generation or 
purchase of electricity. The size of this 
reward should depend on how regularly the auto-producer's electricity production 
capacity is available, especially at peak 
periods, 
— reimbursement for the purchase of electricity 
from the public supply network is determined 
in such a way that auto-producers are treated 
in the same way as comparable purchasers 
without auto-production, 
— the rules regarding these reimbursements are 
as transparent as possible. 
4. To report to the Commission after three years on the 
progress on cooperation between public electricity 
supply companies and auto-producers.