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DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (76)271
Vol.1976/0085

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(76)271final.
Brussels ,2ndJune1976.
f
-
;v y.,'
COMMUNICATION OPTHECOMMISSION TOTHECOUNCIL
ONTHEJETPROJECT
n-s-.
COM(76)271 final.
/

COM(76)P71
COMMUNICATION OFTHECOMMISSION TOTHECOUNCIL
ONTHEJETPROJECT
Contents :
Introduction page1
ChapterI:Scientific Status page3
ChapterII:Technical Status page6
ChapterIII:StatusoftheCostEstimate page11
Chapter IV:TheOrganization and
Management oftheJETProject page14
Chapter V:UrgencyofthePinalDecision page16
Chapter VI:Supplement aryInformation on
theChoiceoftheSite page18
Conclusion page19

Introduction
1.InJuly1975 "theCommission submitted totheCounciltheProposedPluri-
annualProgramme oftheCommunityfortheyears1976/80inthefieldof
Controlled Thermonuclear FusionandPlasmaPhysics.Thisproposed
programme included thework,inassociation withtheCommission ,of
allthelaboratories ofthememberStatesactiveinthisfieldaswell
astheconstruction phaseoftheJETproject.
TheCouncil,atitssessionof15December 1975»couldnot
reachanydecision onthisproposed programme ,dueessentially tothe
difficulties connected withthechoiceofthesitefortheconstruction
ofJET.
InJanuary1976theCommission submitted totheCouncilaCommunication
ontheJETsiteinwhichafterananalysis ofalltheaspectsofthe
problemitpointedoutthatthesiteshouldbeIspraandaskedthe
Counciltotakeaposition onthischoice.
TheCouncil,atitssessionof24February 1976,didnottake
anyposition onthechoiceofthesitemadebytheCommission and
didnotapprovetheJETproject.Itapprovedfora
periodoffiveyearstheCommunity fusionprogramme withtheexception
oftheJETproject onthebasisofanoverallbudgetof124MUA,but
provisionally restricted theimplementation ofthisprogramme to1976
withanappropriation of20.8MUApendingafinaldecision ontheJET
project.AtthesamesessiontheCouncilagreedonFriday18Juneas
thedateforitsnextmeetingtobegivenovertofurtherexamination
oftheCommission proposals ontheJETproject anditscommunications
onsiting.
2.DuringtheCouncilsessions of15December and24February,andduring
thepreceding discussions ,concernhasbeenexpressed onthescientific
objectives onthetechnical andfinancial aspectsandonthemanagement
structures oftheproject.TheConsultative Committee forFusiondis­
cussedallthesemattersattherequestoftheCommission duringits
meetings of5Apriland17May1976andadoptedunanimously theOpinion
whichisgivenintheAnnex.
.2.

-2-
TheCommission hadagreedtoprovidefurtherandup-to-dateinformation
onthesematters ,andisaccordingly submitting thisdocument tothe
Council .
./3.

-3-
ChapterI:SCIEOTIFIC STATUS
1.Theessential objective ofJETi»toobtainandstudyaplasmaincondi­
tionsanddimensions approaching thoseneededinathermonuclear reactor.
Thisobjective involvesfourmainareasofwork:
(i)Thescalingofplasmabehaviour asparameters approachthereactorrange
(ii)theplasma-wall interaction intheseconditions
(iii)thestudyofplasmaheatingand
(iv)thestudyofalpha-particle production ,confinement andconsequent
plasmaheating.
Intheconceptual designphaseitwasassumedthattheinducedcurrentis
thefigureofmeritofatokamak.Foragivencostandstresslimitin
copper,thisledtothefollowing maincharacteristics ofthedevice:
largevolume,lowaspectratio,relatively lowmagneticfieldandD-shaped
coppercoils.Itshouldbenotedthatthischoiceiscompatible withthe
assumption ofdifferent hypotheses onthefigureofmerit.
2.Threelargeprojects comparable toJETareinprogress intheworld:
TPTRintheUSA,T-20intheUSSRandJT-60inJapan.Twoofthem
(TPTRandJT-60)haveadoptedratherdifferent optionsfromJETssmaller
volume,largeraspectratio,highermagneticfield,circularstainless
steelsupported coppercoils.Thethird(T-20)ismoresimilartoJET
although considerably larger.Somevariations betweenexperiments of
thisgeneration canbeconsidered asanadvantage fortheworldprogramme .
3.Suchalargeandexpensive project,lasting7"to8yearsfromthebegin­
ningofdesigntothestarting ofoperation hasinevitably someinertiain
particular inthedefinition ofthemaincharacteristics whichcannotbechanged
withoutintroducing severalyearsofdelayandlargesupplementary costs.All
successive fluctuations inscientific opinions onthecriteriaforthechoice
betweenthemainoptionscannotbefullytakenintoaccount.Consequently a
maximumofflexibility mastbeallowedforinthedesign,andthiswasthe
caseforJETfromtheverybeginning oftheconceptual designphase.
Duetothedesignchoices madeitispossibletooperate JETinawiderange
ofplasmadimensions andinavarietyofcross-sections Jfromcircularity
M

-4-
"toratherpronounced ,ellipticity .Inaddition totheabilitytoutilize
NeutralInjection andRadioFrequency Heating,provision has"beenmadefor
theapplication ofAdiabatic Compression Heating.
4.ThemainoptionsoftheJETdesignarebased,aswehavealreadysaid,on
thehypothesis thatthecurrentisthefigureofmeritofatokamak.
Theclarification ofthisassumption isoneofthemajoraimsofJET.The
mainuncertainties concernthevalidity ofitsextrapolation toplasmaregimesex­
pectedinathermonuclear reactorandimpossible toachieveinthepresentgeneration
devices.Theseuncertainties areconnected inparticular totheroleofthe
impurities intheplasmaandevenmoretothebehaviour ofthelossmechanisms .
Theassumption ofthecurrentasthefigureofmeritleavessomefreedom
inthechoicebetweenlargevolume-lowfieldandsmallvolume-highfield
solutions .
5.Theresultsobtained attheendof1975on"themachines ALCATORatthe
MIT(highmagneticfield,largeaspectratio,smallvolume)andPULSATOR
atGarching (lowmagneticfield,largeaspectratio,smallvolume)show
thatinaverycleanplasmaitispossible toincrease considerably the
plasmadensity ntwithoutimportant changesintemperature andcurrent.
Intheseconditions theconfinement timetincreases too,sothatthe
qualityoftheconfinement definedasntincreases substantially .Itis
unclearwhethertheimprovements indensity andconfinement aretwoconse-
tmences ofasamecauseoriftheimprovement oftheconfinement isaconse­
quenceoftheincrease indensity.Thelatterhypothesis shouldsuggest
higherfieldsallowing higherdensities ,buttheextrapolation ofthese
phenomena toreactorregimesisfarfrombeinggranted.
Ontheotherhandpreliminary resultsonT-10(Moscow)whichcanbeconsidered
ascaled–upversionofT-3byafactor 2inlineardimensions ,showthat
operation withmagneticfieldandplasmaparameters comparable withT-3
givesincreased current andanimprovement inconfinement timebyafactor 5«
Thisimprovement canbeattributed totheincrease involumeandconsequently
incurrent .
6.Although thefirstgroupofresultsmentioned inparagraph 5mightindicate
thatthemagneticfieldsofJETshouldbeincreased andthevolumereduced,
thepreliminary results onT-10supportretention ofthepresentdesignof
JET.
./5.

-5-
Inanycase major changes ontheproject would involve theloss oftwo
tothree years andofseveral MUA .These disadvantages would beunavoid­
able ,whereas anymodest improvements intheexpected performance would
behypothetical .Taking into account theclear advantage ofsome diversity
intheworking regimes ofthenext generation oftokamaks ,oneconcludes
that theparameters ofJETshould remain unchanged .
7.Discussion oftheinformation mentioned under 1–5hasbrought increased
attention totheproblem ofauxiliary heating tobeapplied toJET .More
weight must begiven tothis problem ,thesolution ofwhich isparticularly
theresponsibility oftheEUR-CEA andtheEUR-UKAEA Associations .
Itispossible that theinstallation ofconsiderable auxiliary heating power
(20-30 MW),initially foreseen forthesecond phase oftheJEToperation
(extended performance ,around 1983),will beneeded already during the
first phase (basic performance ,around 1981),butitwill betwotothree
years from nowbefore this need canbeassessed .
8.After re–examining thescientific aims ofJETandthechoice ofitsmain
parameters inthelight ofallup-to-date information ,theCommission ,
supported byallitsPartners ,confirms that theJETdesign asdefined in
R5*isscientifically sound andwell suited toitsaims .Consequently ,
theCommission strongly recommends togoahead with JETasitis,without
delay .
*"TheJETproject design proposal "doc.EUR–JET-R5 ,which issummarized
inthebrochure "TheJETproject "doc .EUR-JET-R7.
./6

ChapterII:TECHNICAL STATUS
1.Oneshouldfirstrecallthatinsuchaprojectwhichisessentially anex­
periment onecannotdefinepreciselimitsbetweenthedesign,theconstruction
andtheoperation phases.Someminorimprovements tothedesignmaybeappropriate
duringtheconstruction andevenduringtheoperation phase.
2.Thepresentstatusofdifferent elements oftheprojectisindicated
intheseoondcolumnoftableI.Inorderofincreasing completion ,
theindications givenare:
notyetstudied
conceptual desiai
design
finaldesign
callfortendersready
callfortenders sent
contract readyforsignature
contract signed
TableIshowsthatthemaincomponents ofthedevice,suchasthe
toroidalcoils,themechanical structure andthevacuumvessel,are
themostadvanced .Thefactthatdiagnostics ,controlmonitoring and
dataacquisition andadditional heatingsystemsarelessadvancedis
normal:theseitemstakeashortertimetocomplete ,orneednotbe
readyuntillater.
Twoitemsshouldbynowbeinamoreadvanced state:thebuildings
andthepowersupplies .According totheplanning oftheprojectthese
itemsareonthecritical path:eachmonthofdelayintheircompletion
entailsamonthofdelayinthefirstoperation ofthedevice.Onthe
otherhandthestateoftheirdesignisasadvanced asitcanbeinthe
absence ofadecision onthesite.
3.Thelaststatement isevidentforthebuildings .Concerning thepower
supplies ,oneshouldrecallherethattheyaresite–dependent ,asis
repeatedly statedinR5.Infactthebasicpowersupplyschemegivenin
R5andreferredtounderpoint3oftableIisoperational atanyofthe
proposedsites,including theweakestfromtheelectrical pointofview.
However,thefinallayoutwilldependontheJETsitepublicnetwork
characteristics .AtISPRA,forexample,noflywheelmotorgenerator set
wouldbenecessary .*
*)DuringthesecondmeetingoftheConsultative CommitteeforFusion
(17May1976),theBritishMemberstatedthatthisappliesnowalsotoCulham.
•/7.

Inviewofthesizeandcomplexity ofJETallthepartnersincluding the
Commission considered itprudenttoaskforanindependent appraisal of
thetechnical aspectsandcostestimates oftheproject.Forthisreason
theJETSupervisory BoardinMay1975placedthistaskontheEngineering
DivisionoftheReactorGroup(Risley)oftheUKAEA.
Thisgrouplistedanddiscussed allforeseeable technical difficulties as
existing atthattimeandproduced atotallyindependent assessment ofthe
project.Particular attention wasdevotedtothefinalperiodofoperation
ofthedevice(tinderradio-active conditions )andtotherelatedproblems
ofremotemaintenance andrepair.
Atthafinalconsultation betweenthaJUTtawandthaIndapandant Aaaaaanant
Team(iAT)inApril1976,thetwopartiesjointlystatedthat"forthe
majority ofthequestions raisedbytheIATtheanswersoftheJETteamwere
agreedtobeadequate ,takingintoaccountalsotheprogressinthedesign
anddevelopment intheyearsinceR5wasissued",andthat"therelatively
minordivergencies whichremainafterthediscussions aremoremattersof
opinionthanfactualdifferences ".
TheConsultative Committee forFusionhasexpressed itssatisfaction about
thecarefulandindependent assessment oftheprojectproduced bytheIAT
andabouttheoutcomeofthefinalconsultation (seepointb.ofthe
ANNEX).
IntheCommission 'sopinion,too,thisrepresents asatisfactory outcome.
Thefewpointsremaining openshouldbehandledbytheJETManagement Com­
mitteeastheprojectproceeds.
Afterexamining theup–to–datetechnicalstatusoftheprojectandtheresults
ofthefinalconfrontation betweentheJETteamandtheIndependent Assessment
Team,theCommission concludesthattheprojectistechnically soundand
feasible.Thepresentstateofthedesignallowspassingimmediately tothe
construction phase,exceptforthepowersuppliesandbuildings whichareon
thecriticalpathandwhosedesigncannotbefinalized aslongasthesite
isundecided .
./8.

-8- TABLEI(i)
Items Technical Status Statusofthecostestimate
(March1976)Cost(MUA)Basis
(seepage6)March1?75oftheestimate
(see
page11)
1.JETDevice
Mechanical Structure FinalDesign 2.8 Comparison
Toroidal Magnet Contracts placed 7.73Study
contracts
Magnetic Circuit FinalDesign 3.9 2Study
contracts
Poloidal FieldWindings FinalDesign
Copperconductors :
contract placed4.5 Comparison
2Study
contracts
vacuumVessel Callfortender
sent
Contract placed
Design5.5Rigidsectors :
3Studycontracts
Bellows :3
Studycontracts
Ports,Limiters :
Comparison
Miscellaneous ,Transport 2.3 Estimation
LongDelivery Items
(fundsreleasedduring
thedesignphase) -2.5Devotedtostudy
contracts and
prototype work
20$Contingency 4.9
Subtotal 29.1
2.Auxiliary Systems
Pumping System Design 2.0 2Studycontracts
CoolingSystems Design 0.6 Comparison
Assembly and
Maintenance System Design1.4 50$onone
studycontract
-50fooncomparison
./(ii).

-9- TABLEI(ii)
Items Technical Status
(March1976)
(seepage6)Statusofthecostestimate
Cost(MUA)
Marcn1975Basis
ofthe
estmate
(see
page11)
Additional Heating System
(includingitsPower
Supplies )
%Contingency -
SubtotalConceptual Design 3.5
1.5
9^0Comparison
3.PowerSupplies
ToroidalFieldPS(one)
staticunit,oneflywheel )
motorgenerator set) )
PoloidalFieldPS(one %
flywheel MGset,circuits )<
Auxiliary PS(notyetsite-
optimized )
Finaldesign
Callfortender
readyforMGsets
Notyetstudied8.1
9-7
1.04Studycontracts
Idempluscompari­
sonandestimation
forthecircuits
Estimation
20%Contingency 3.7
Subtotal 22.5
4.Control ,Monitoring ,DataAcquisition
Computers andPeripherals
Computer station and
connections)Conceptual
)Design
)1.9
1.0Comparison
Comparison
20%Contingency 0.6
Subtotal 3o_
5.Diagnostics (Basic)
Subto.talOnlypreliminary
studies 3î5_ Comparison
6.OpérâtingBudget
Subtotal M. Estimation
./(iii).

-10- TABLEI(iii)
Items Technical Status
(March1976)
(seepage6)Statusofthecostestimate
Cost(MUA)
March1975Basis
ofthe
estimate
(see
page11)
7.Buildings
Specific JETBuildings
including 12%Contingency -
RentedBuildings
SubtotalFinalDesign(site
independent parts)15.3
1.3
16.61Studycontract
Estimation
8.Manpower
1224Man/years
18%Overhead Services
Travel26.4
4.7
0.8AverageEuratom
Salaries
Comparison
Comparison
Subtotal 31.9
9.Reserve
GRAND TOTAL11.3
135MUA

-11-
ChapterIII:STATUSOFTHECOSTESTIMATE
1.ThecostofJETuptoitsbasicperformance wasestimated ,at135MUAas
indicated ,inR5»Thiswascalculated atMarch1975pricesinBelgian
Francsusingthefreemarketexchangerates,andthenconverted tounits
ofaccountaccording totheofficialrate:50BF=1UA.
Thebasisonwhichthecostofeachelementisestimated ,isgiveninthe
fourthcolumnoftableI.
Themeaningofthekeywordsusedisthefollowing :
Studycontracts :completed jointfeasibility andcostestimates studies
performed inindustry.
Comparison :comparative estimates (sometimes extrapolated )based
onsimilarequipment usedwithintheassociations or
otherorganizations .
Estimation :estimates fromtechnical dataandgeneralexperience .
Concerning thethirdcolumnoftableI,thesubtotals arethesamethat
weregiveninthedocument (page566),withtheexception ofanincrease
of1.3MUAintheexpenditure undertheitemBuildings ,counterbalanced
byalowerprovision fortheoperation phaseduetoitsshorterduration
withinthe76-80programme ,asaconsequence ofdelays.Thegrand
totalof135MUA.isunchanged ..
2.TheIndependent Assessment Teamoriginally estimated thatthecostofthe
construction phaseexceededtheJETteamestimate (135MUA)by23MUA.
Afterdiscussion ,theJETteamandtheIAT,duringthefinalconfrontation
heldon29and30April1976,agreedthefollowing jointstatement :"The
generaldiscussions showedaverygoodagreement oncostsandmanpower.
Thecostestimate oftheIATfortheconstruction oftheprojectin5years
asproposed inR5exceedstheJE7Testimate byonly5MUA.Thisdifference
isnotsignificant .
TheIATestimate of6yearsfortheconstruction phaseisduetoamore
cautious approachinwhichprototypes arecompletely testedbeforeseries
production begins.Thisextratimewillcostapproximately anadditional
6.5MUA".TheCommission pointsoutthatthesediscrepancies arecovered
almostexactlybytheReserve (item9oftableI).
./12

-12-
3.Concerning thecostoftheoperation phase,itcanbereasonably foreseen
thatanoperation periodof5years,including shut-down timesrequiredto
prepareforextended performance ,willbeneededtoachievetheaims
ofJETstatedinChapterI.Thestaffduringoperation willbecomparable
innumberstothatworkingduringthefinalyearofconstruction .On
thisbasisthepersonnel costwouldbeabout40MUA.
Thecapitalcostofachieving theextended performance willbeabout
40MUAasstatedinR5«Thisincludesthecostofsupplementary auxiliary
heating(15-20MUA).ASpointedoutin1.7ofthisdocument,theneed
willprobablyarisetocommitsomeofthismoneyduringthe5yearprogram­
mebutthisneedcannotbeassessed now.
Theoperating costsincluding tritiumoperation axeestimated atabout50MUA.
Onecantentatively concludethat,asisusualforexperiments ofcomparable
size,theannualoperating costissimilartotheaverageannualconstruction
cost.
4»Thegrandtotalof135MUAfortheconstruction phasewillcertainly be
affected byinflation .
Concerning salaries,according tothehypothesis assumedinR5(temporary
Euratompositions atMarch75)»onecansaythat,onthebasisofthe
scaleofsalaries approved bytheCouncilinNovember 1975»"theincrease
atApril76wouldbeabout4MUAtobeaddedtothe135MUA.
Concerning theotheritems,itisextremely difficult togivesimilar
indications .Ontheonehandonecanexpectanincrease ofcostsingeneral,
andmostcontracts includeinflation clauses.Ontheotherhandthe
competition betweendifferent firmsandsomefluctuations intheprices
ofrawmaterials canresultinacostreduction forsomeitems.The
situation isbestillustrated byTableIIshowingacomparison between
initialestimates andoffersfromindustryforthecasesinwhichcontracts
arereadyforsignature orhavealreadybeenplaced,
5.Afterexamining thepresentstatusoftheprojectcostestimate,andthe
finalposition oftheIndependent Assessment Team,theCommission continues
toaccepttheestimate of135MUA.forconstruction basedonMarch1975prices.
Allowance mustbemadefortheeffects ofvariations intheeconomic
situation .Theonlywaytofacethisdifficulty istoproposeagainto
theCounciltoadoptafinancing systemtakingintoaccount,yearbyyear,
theeconomicsituation ,onthebasisofproposals oftheCommission with
precisejustifications .
./13.

-13- TABLEII
Itemsforwhichcontracts arereadyforsignature
orhavebeenplaced
Tyyeofexpenditure OfferfromIndustry
(MUAatstateddate)Estimâtes
(MUAMarch75)
Copperfor
toroidal coils 1.8February 7° 2.1
Manufacture of
toroidal coils
Bellows3.6April76
0.8January764.9
0.54
Copperforouter
poloidal coils 0.3March76
6.50.5
8.04
Thelegalcommitments oftheCommission ,inaccordance with
thedecisions oftheCouncil,coveronlythepurchase ofproto­
typesforatotalamountofabout1.2MUAwhilstthecommitments
ofthecontractors ,corresponding tothistotalof6.5MUA,
coverthesupplyofcompletesets.Allthecontracts include
inflation clauses.
./14.

Chapter IV:THEORGANIZATION ANDMANAGEMENT OFTHEJETPROJECT
l)Generalprinciples
Thescientific and.engineering complexity ofJET,together withits
sizeandcost,demandastronghutflexible formofmanagement organiza­
tion,inwhichdecisions canbetakenandexecuted withoutdelays.
Thismanagement shouldtherefore havefullfinancial andcontractual ,
aswellastechnical andoperational responsibility fortheProject.
Moreover ,aneffective andcontinuous interaction mustbeestablished
betweentheProjectandtheassociated laboratories whoshouldbe
strongly involved inandcommitted totheProjectandconsiderit
asacommonventure .
TheJETProjectwillbeclearlydistinct fromthehostorganization
anditsactivities ,andintheprovision ofadministrative orother
supporting services fromthelatteraclearinterface mustbedefined
indetailtoavoidduplication andblurring ofresponsibility .
2)Management structure
Themanagement structure hasalreadybeenagreedbythePartners
andtheCommission ,andincludesrepresentation ofallPartners and
theCommission atalllevelsofthemanagement .AJETCOUNCILwill
beestablished foroverallgeneralmanagement ,aJETMANAGEMENT
COMMITTEE willberesponsible forthedirectmanagement .
ThereisaHEADOPPROJECTwithadequate delegated powerstodirect
theexecution oftheproject,assisted byseniormanagers andthe
PROJECT TEAM.BoththeJETCouncilandtheManagement Committee are
beingformed.
3)Legalform
Tomeettherequirements inpoint1utilizing theagreedmanagement
structure inpoint2severalalternative legalformsoforganization
couldbeadopted.OneisaJETAssociation formedbyanAgreement
signedbyallPartnersincluding EURATOM,legalactsbeingcarried
outbythelatteronbehalfofallthePartners.Anotheristoset
upanindependent legalentityfortheJETProjectwhichwould
itselfcarryoutallthelegalactsrequired.
•/15

-15-
Inaccordance withtheCommission choiceofIspra,theJETAssociation
asdescribed aboveisconsidered themostsuitable form.
4)Budget
Whichever formoforganization isselected ,
a)thefundscontributed bytheCommission andthePartners ,taken
together ,willformtheJETProjectbudgettobeatthedisposal
oftheJETmanagement ,andtobemanagedindependently fromthe
budgetsoftheCommission andthePartners ,
b)theFINANCIAL REGULATIONS applicable totheProjectwillinclude
theauthorities forcommitments andpayments withinthebudget,
abudgetary controlsystem,procedures forinventories andauditing ,
andprocedures forawarding contracts toindustry ensuringfull
competition onaCommunity basis.
5)Staffing
TheProject Teamwillbecomposed ofstaffseconded bythehostPartner,
theotherPartners ,andcomingfromothersources.
TheCommission proposes torecruitthestaffoftheProject Teamas
temporary agentsoftheCommunity totemporary posts.
6)Involvement ofIndustry
Industrywillcontribute totheprojectmainlyundercontracts awarded
bytheJETmanagement forsupplyofmaterials andservices ,construction
ofbuildings andcomponents ,etc.Theinvolvement ofinudstiy inany
consultant capacity mustbeamatterforconsideration anddecision by
theJETmanagement .
./16.

-16-
Chapter Y:URGENCY OFTHEFINALDECISION
1.Itisfullyrecognized thateachmonthofdelayinthefinaldecision
including thesiteentails onemonthofdelayinthefirstoperation of
thedevice.Thedesignofatleasttwosite-dependent elements oftheproject
("buildings andpowersupplies)willbesuspended aslongasthesiteis
unknown.
Itispossible tocarryonsomeotherwork,"butthiswillnotreducethe
finaldelay.Thisdelaywould,inanycase,involvesupplementary expenditure
atleasttocoverthesalaries .
Ifbuildings areretarded toolongsomelargehardware maybedelivered
beforetheappropriate buildings fortestingandassembling areavailable .
Thiswouldresultinanembarrassing andcostlystorageproblem,andcould
invalidate themanufacturer *sguarantees .
2.Besides JETthewholefusionprogramme isstrongly affected andhindered
bydelayinthedecision ontheJETsite.Theprogramme offourofthe
largestAssociations aretechnically andfinancially conditioned bythis
decision .Eachoftheseprogrammes includes theconstruction ofanintern-
mediatesizedevicewhosedesignispractically complete.TEXTORwouldnot
bebuiltifJETwasatJulich,TORUS2wouldpossibly bebuiltatCadarache
insteadofFontenay-aux-RosesifJETwasatCadarache ,HBSwouldnotbe
builtifJETwasatGarching,andthecompatibility ofbuilding HBTX2
ifJETwereatCulhamhasnotyetbeenassessed.
3.Thesuccessofanewexperiment suchasJETislargelydetermined bythe
enthusiasm oftheteamwhichisinchargeofit.Itisevidentthatre­
peateddelaysareincreasingly discouraging forthestaff.Thismakesit
difficult tokeeptheteamatitspresentlevel,andalmostimpossible to
increaseitasrequired.
Theconstruction ofJETrequiresalsoarealcooperative effortfromthe
industries involved.Onecannote^qpectafullcommitment tobeundertaken
aslongasthefinaldecisionislacking.
Withinthefusionprogramme oftheCommunity thecooperative atmosphere is
jeopardized bythelackofdecision ontheJETsite.Anyinitiative isa
priorisuspectedtobemotivated byselfishinterests moreorlessdirectly
connected withthisproblem.
OutsidetheCommunity thecredibility ofthefusionprogrammeisrapidly
decreasing *AswaspointedoutinthemeetingoftheFusionPowerCoordinating
Committee oftheIEAon6April1976,collaborative planningwiththe
Communityishinderedbytheweaknessofourdecision–makingprocedures .
./17.

-17-
Infact,itisextremelydifficulttounderstand whyaprojectonwhich
agreementisunanimousisdelayedagainandagainduetothedifficulty
ofchoosing thesite.
4.Theconsequences ofchoosing asiteforJETandtheweightofinterests
involved arenotsowideandimportant astojustifylong-continued dis­
cussions ,hesitations andrepeated delays.TheCommission stresses again
thatJETisonlyoneofseveralimportant stepsto"beachieved ontheway
tothefusionreactor.
5.AnydecisiontocarryontheworkontheJETprojectwithoutknowingthe
sitewouldhenotonlyunrealistic butalsodangerous :itcouldentail
technical mistakes anduselesssupplementary expenditure .Itwouldbe
difficult ,forexample,toavoidplacingordersforpowersupplycomponents
whichmightturnouttobeunsuitable orevenunnecessary forthesite
finallychosen.Onewouldbebroughttoproducedetailed designsofthe
buildings inseveralversions ,moreorlessoptimized fordifferent sites.
Sinceonlyonedesignwouldfinallybeutilized ,thisworkwouldrepresent
awasteofmanpower andmoney.
6.Inconclusion theCommission doesnotseehowonecouldavoidthatthe
furtherdelayinthefinaldecision impliedinanytemporary solutionwill
resultinsimilaradditional delayinthefirstoperation ofthedevice.
Onthecontrary ,anytemporary solution wouldpresentseriousdrawbacks .
Moreover theCommission doesnotseeanyadvantage inlettingmonthsgo
bybeforefindingasolution tothesiteproblem.TheCommission therefore
urgestheCounciltotakeafinalandcomplete decision onJETwithout
furtherdelay.
./18.

-18-
Chapter VI:SUPPLMMTARY INFORMATION OffTHECHOICE OFTHESITE
Noessential newargumenthasarisenonthismatter,nevertheless the
information givenbelowmightbeuseful.
1.Daringthediscussions whichprecededtheCouncilmeetingof24February
1976andinthelastfewmonthstheCommission hasrealizedthatthe
importance ofthecriterion ofpowersupplies hadbeenunderemphasized
initsCommunication totheCouncilontheJETsite(Doc.C0M(76)8final).
InfactifthepowersuppliedtoJETisdirectly drawnfromthenetwork,
thismustnotonlybeabletosupplyaveryhighpowerlevelbutalsoto
withstand largefrequent andrapidloadvariations andotherabnormal load
characteristics required fortheregularoperation ofJET.
FromthispointofviewIspra,whichisdirectly supplied byaline
connecting athermalwithahydroelectric powerstation,isinanex­
ceptionally goodposition inEurope,andinbyfarthebestposition
compared withalltheotherproposedsites.
Itshouldberecalled herethattheonlypracticable alternative tothe
directsupplyofpowerfromthenetworkistheconstruction ofseveral
expensive motorflywheelgenerator sets.Theincreased attention devoted
totheproblemofauxiliaryheating,whichwillrequireextrapower(see
point7ofchapterI),addsfurtherweighttothepowersupplyarguments.
2.Theimportance ofpowersuppliesisalsoillustrated bythecriteria
appliedinthesearchforthesiteofT-20(USSR).Thefirstcondition
isthefull-time availability of2000MWofelectric power;moreover ,an
adequate coolingwatercapacity shouldbeavailable atthesite.Itis
rumouredthatT–20istobebuiltatCHATURA,about120kmfromMoscow,
inapowerstation,nearafocalpointoftheelectric powernetwork.
Noresearch centreexistsinthevicinity ofthissite.FortheJapanese
largetokamakJT-60thesearchforasiteisbeinglimitedwithinaradius
of30kmfromafocalpointofthepowernetwork.
./19.

-19-
3.Anessential requirement fortheCommunity character oftheproject
istheinternational composition oftheteam.Therefore thesitemust
offerallthecharacteristics andfacilities necessary tomeetthis
requirement .
4.IlnallytheCommission believesthatallthestatements madein
itsCommunication totheCouncil ontheJETsitearestillfullyvalid.
CONCLUSION
Asaconclusion oftheforegoing discussion ofscientific ,technical and
financial aspectsandofthemanagement structure oftheproject,andtaking
intoaccounttheopinionoftheConsultative Committee forFusiononallthese
aspects (seeANNEX),theCommission confirmsthatthereisnoreasontodelay
thefinaldecision ontheconstruction ofJET.Thisdecision cannotbetaken
separately fromtheapproval ofthechoiceofthesite.Anyattempttojustify
afurtherdelaycannotbebasedonobjective scientific ,technical ,financial
ormanagement arguments .Anytemporary solution wouldbeunrealistic and
presentseriousdrawbacks .
Inthepresentsituationthelackofdecisionisjeopardizing notonly
theprojectitselfandtheimplementation ofthewholefusionprogramme ,
butalsothecredibility ofthedecisionmaking capacityoftheCommunity
Institutions .
DuringtheCouncilmeetingsof15December1975and-24February1976
noconvergence hasappearedonanyalternative solutiontotheproposal
oftheCommission .TheCommission insistsontheobjectivevalidityof
itsproposal,andurgestheCounciltotakeafinaldecisiononit.

ANNEX
OPINION
oftheConsultative Committee forFusion
ontheJETProject
HavingmetinBrussels on5Apriland17May1976,theConsultative
Committee onFusionhasunanimously adoptedthefollowing opinion:
(a)Scientific status
Theessential objective ofJETistoobtainandstudyaplasmain
conditions anddimensions approaching thoseneededinathermonuclear
reactor.Thisobjective involves fourmainareasofwork:
(i)thescalingofplasmabehaviour asparameters approachthe
reactorrange,
(ii)theplasma-wall interaction intheseconditions ;
(iii)thestudyofplasmaheating,and
(iv)thestudyofalphaparticleproduction ,confinement and
consequent plasmaheating.
TheCCFunderlines thattheultimate goalistoachievealpha
confinement andconsiders thatthephysical parameters ofthe
project,atpresentknowledge ,areinaccordance withthisgoal.
(b)Technical status
TheCCFcommends theCommission andJETprojectforarranging
fortheJETdesigntobeexaminedcarefully andindependently bya
separate assessment team.TheCCFnotesthatthefinalconsultation
betweentheJETteamandtheIndependent Assessment teamhasproduced
asatisfactory outcomebecausethebroaddesignhasbeenverified.
Thisgivesconfidence thatthemachinecanbebuiltandoperatedas
planned.
./2.

Thepresentstateofthedesignallowstheprojecttopassimmediately
totheconstruction phaseexceptforconsideration ofthepowersupplies
andbuildings whosedesigncannotbefinalized aslongasthesiteis
undecided .
(c)StatusoftheCostEstimate
Afterexamination ofthepresentstatusoftheprojectincluding the
finalposition oftheIndependent Assessment teamoncostestimates
(whichproposed anincreaseof5Mua)theCCPacceptsthecost
estimateforthefiveyearconstruction phasetobe135Muaat
March1975prices.
Thepreliminary estimate oftheCCPisthatthecostsforafive
yearexploitation phasewillberoughlyinthesameorderof
magnitude .
TheCCPstresses thenecessity toprovideforamechanism which
allowsthefundingoftheprojecttobeadaptedtothesituation
ofpricesandcurrencies (inflation).
(d)Structure
TheCCPconsidersitessential thatthestructure oftheJETproject
mustbeconceived insuchawaythatithasatitsdisposalallthe
managerial functions ,flexibility andthedecision powernecessary
toachieve success .
Tothisend,somedelegations considered itsuitabletohavean
independent legalentityforJETwhilesomedelegations supported
theproposal oftheCommission foraJETAssociation .
Inordertospeeduptheorganization oftheJETprojectandthe
discussion ofstructural ,financial andindustrial questions ,the
CCP:
recommends theCommission tocreateimmediately theJETCouncil
andtheJETManagement Committee andtoaskthePartnersto
nominate themembers,inconsultation withtheCommission .
./3.

-3-
(e)Conclusion
Inslimmingupitsconclusions theCCPstrongly recommends the
realization oftheJETprojectandurgestheCouncilofMinisters
totakeallnecessary decisions asearlyaspossible .