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DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(82)616
Vol.1982/0193

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(82 )616 final
Brussels -18October 1902
[^3 nj>
AMENDED DRAFT
RESOLUTION OFTHE COUNCIL OFTHE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
AND OFTHE REPRESENTATIVES OFTHE GOVERNMENTS
OFTHE MEMBER STATES MEETING WITHIN THE COUNCIL
onthecontinuation and implementation ofaEuropean Community
policy and action programme onthe environment
(presented bytheCommission tothe Council pursuant tothe
second paragraph ofarticle 149 ofthe EECTreaty and tothe
second paragraph ofarticle 119 ofthe EAEC Treaty )
C0M(82 )616 final

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
On16June,theEuropean Parliament discussed thedraftactionprogramme
oftheEuropean Communities ontheenvironment andadoptedtheALBERreport
drawnupon"behalfoftheCommittee oftheEnvironment ,PublicHealthand
Consumer Protection .Certain amendments toitsoriginal texthavebeen
accepted bytheCommission .
Concerning thedraftCouncilresolution whichprecedes thetextofthedraft
actionprogramme ,theParliament askstheCounciltocommititselftomake
available totheCommission thenecessary resources fortheimplementation
oftheprogramme .Furthermore ,theParliament invitedtheCommission to
drawupalistofpriorities .
Asfarasthetextofthedraftactionprogramme isconcerned ,amendments
havebeenrequested bytheParliament .Theyconcerneitherdrafting
ohaaigesorclarifications madebytheParliament sothattheoriginaltext
ofthedraftprogramme takesmoreintoaccountitspreoccupations .

DRAFT
RESOLUTION OPTHECOUNCIL OPTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
ANDOPTHEREPRESENTATIVES OPTHEGOVERNMENTS
OPTHEMEMBER STATES MEETING WITHIN THECOUNCIL
onthecontinuation andimplementation ofaEuropean Community
policyandactionprogramme ontheenvironment
TheCounciloftheEuropean Corriajcanities andtheRepresentatives ofthe
Governments oftheMemberStatesmaetingwithintheCouncilnotethat
theprojects towhichtheappended progr&,iians willgiveriseshouldin
someca/seabecarriedcutatCommunity lovsl,andinothershecarried
out"bytheMemberStates®
Withrvr^Td .totheprojects to"becarr3edout"bytbsJfojafcerStates,ths
latterwillSupervise theirproperexecution ,it"beingunderstood that
fortheseprojects theCouncilwillexercise theco~ordinatingpowers
laiddownintheTreaties .
Withregardtotheprojects intheprogramme to"becairiedout"bythe
institutions oftheEhiropean Cosuminit1.es ,
THECOUNCIL OPTHEEUROPEAN C0MUNITI2S ,
HavingregardtothsTreatyestablishing theEuropean CoalandSteel
Community ,
HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishing theEuropean Economic
Community ,
HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishing theEuropean AtomicEnergy
Community ,
HavingregardtothedraftfromtheCommission ,
HavingregardtotheopinionoftheEuropeanParliament (1),
HavingregardtotheopinionoftheEconomic andSocialCommittee (2),
(1)OJHC
(2)OJN°C

Whereas theDeclaration oftheCouncil oftheEuropean Communities and of
therepresentatives oftheGovernments oftheMember States meeting
within theCouncil of22November 19730)».calls fortheimplementation
ofaEurdpean Communities programme ofaction ontheenvironment ;
Whereas theAction Programme hasbeen extended andamplified for the
period 1977-198'' by "theResolution oftheCouncil andtherepresentatives
oftheGovernments oftheMember States meeting within theCouncil of
17May1977 (2);
Whereas the tasks oftheEuropean Communities are laid down inthe Treaties
establishing the Communities ;
Whereas inparticular ,inaccordance with Article 2oftheTreaty -
establishing theEuropean Economic Community ,part ofthelatter *stask
istopromote throughout theCommunity aharmonious development of
economic activities andacontinuous andbalanced expansion ,whioh
cannot nowbeimagined without theefficient ,long-term management of
theenvironment 'sresources orofanimprovement inthequality oflife
andtheprotection oftheenvironment ;
Whereas ,consequently ,theimprovement ofthequality oflife andthe
efficient management ofthenatural environment *sresources areamong
thefundamental tasks oftheEuropean Economic Community andwhereas
aCommunity environment policy would help accomplish this purpose ;
Whereas theobjectives andprinciples ofthis policy have already been
approved "bytheCouncil ;-
Whereas theprogramme ofaction ontheenvironment of22November 1973 ,
which wasextended andamplified on17May 1977 ,should beimplemented
inall itsaspects andupdated toensure thecontinuity oftheprojects
already undertaken andwhereas newtasks should beundertaken inthe
period 1982 to1986 ;
Whereas inparticular ,inaddition totheprojects already initiated
(especially inthefield ofpollution reduction ),theefficient
management ofallenvironmental resources requires thepreventive side
oftheenvironment policy tobestrengthened bytheadoption and
implementation ofanoverall strategy fully integrating environmental
policy with socio-economio "development ;
APPROVES forthis purpose theguidelines laid down intheAnnex ;
TAKES NOTE that theConmission will submit appropriate proposals forthe
implementation ofthis programme ,notably inthefields inwhich anaction
atCommunity (orinternational )level isofparticular importance such as t
(1)OJFC112 ,20.12.1973 ,p.1
(2)OJN°C139»13.06.1977 ,p.1

-3-
– integration ofenvironmental dimensions into other policies ;
– development ofaglobal approach concerning thereduction of
pollution ,inorder toavoid thetransfer ofthat pollution tothe
different areas oftheenvironment ;
– economic andsocial aspects ofenvironment policy ;
– dangerous substances introduced into theenvironment ;
– reduction andindeed elimination ofatmospheric ,aquatic and
acoustic pollution ;
– better use ofresources and waste management ;development ofclean
technologies ;
– conservation ofcertain endangered species andcertain zones of
community importance ;
UNDERTAKES toact onthese proposals within nine months ofthe date on
which they were presented bytheCommission or,asthe case maybe,of
the date onwhich the opinions oftheEuropean Parliament and ofthe
Economic and Social Committee were presented ^
UITBERTAKED further tomake available tothaCommission thepersonnel and
material resources necessary for the implementation ofthe third action
programme ,inparticular through thefunds forthecommunity operations
concerning theenvironment asrequested bytheEuropean Parliament .

ACTION PROGRAMME OPTHE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
ONTHE ENVIRONNENT
(1982-1986 )
CONTENTS
Page
I INTRODUCTION 3
II DEVELOPING ANOVERALL STRATEGY 7
General measures 7
The dissemination ofand access to
research results 8
Procedures toensure that environmental
data aretaken into account inplanning 9
anddecision-making
Optimal resource allocation 10
Applying Council decisions and the
Information Agreement 11
Improvement andreinforcement ofeducation in
andpublic awareness ofthe environment 12
III PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OFPOLLUTION AND 12
NUISANCES INTHE DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
Fresh water and sea water 13
Atmospheric pollution 15
Chemicals 16
Noise 17
Waste 18
Technology andpollution 19
IV THEPROTECTION ANDRATIONAL MANAGEMENT 19
OFLAND ,THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Therational management ofland 19
The conservation offlora and fauna 20

21
22
23
V ACTION ATINTEKNATI OffALLEVEL M
Action within international organisations 24
andagencies and co-operation with non-
member countries
Co-operation with thedeveloping countries 25
onenvironmental mattersThe rational management ofwater resources
The management ofwastes
Technology and resources

–3–
I INTRODUCTION
1.The declaration atthe Paris Summit ofHeads ofStats orGovernment
oftheMember States inOctober 1972 gave adecisive political
impetus totheconsideration given tothe environment inplanning
thesocio-economic development oftheCommunity .
This impetus enabled theCouncil on22November 1973 (1)toadopt
aCommunity Action Programme ontheEnvironment which wasupdated on
17May1977 (2)inorder toensure thecontinuity oftheprojects
already undertaken and toundertake new tasks for the -period 1977 to
1981 .TheCommunity hastherefore formulated enenvironment policy .
2.Originally thecentral concern wasthat ,aBaresult ofvery divergent
national policies ,disparities would arise capable ofaffecting the
proper functioning ofthecommon market .That could happen with
different product standards that lead tobarriers tothe free
circulation ofgoods orwith policies that imposed toodifferent
charges onfirms and socreated distortions ofcompetition .
3.Nowhowever ,thecommon environmental policy ismotivated equally by
the observation that the resources ofthe environment are the basis of-
but also constitute the limits to–further economic and social
development and :tkeimprovement ofliving conditions .Itaims therefore
jnotonlytoprotect human health ,nature andtheenvironment butalso
toensure that natural resources arewell managed ,inparticular by
introducing qualitative considerations into theplanning ajod
organisation ofeconomic and social development .Itcannot ba
dissociated ,therefore ,from measures designed toachieve the
fundamental objectives oftheCommunity .
4*TheCommunity 'senvironment policy ,asindeed istrue ofthenational
policies asawhole ,hasbrou^it substantial results inarelatively
short period anddespite growing economic problems .
Thechief form which action has taken hasbeen thepreparation of
legislation andother rules toreduce ,andeven eliminate ,pollution
andnuisances andtopreserve thenatural environemnt .Without doubt
this hasprovided abasis andaCommunity frame ofreference for the
various sectors .There have been other forms ofaction inparticular
areview ofnewintervention instruments ,thecompletion and
co-ordination ofresearch andmeasures toalert public opinion .
(1)OJNC112,20.12,1973
(2)OJN°C139,13.06.1977

Initxaily theessential aimoftheCommunity environment policy
was thecontrol ofpollution and ofnuisances ;ithasgradually
assumed anoverall ,preventive character .This development offers
thetwo-fold advantage ofenvironmental protection measures atthe
lowest possible cost and ofpositive measures which support and
complement economic development .Inthis connection ,theestablishment
intheCommunity ofasystem ofprior inspection ofnewchemical
substances wasthefirst mile–stone inawider-ranging policy which
isintended totake inatalater stage ,industrial activities ofa
dangerous kind orwhich are likely toaffect the environment toa
significant degree .
Overall ,thepolicy nowmakes itpossible toensure that certain
measures take place attheright geographical andpolitical level ,
toavoid certain difficulties with regard totheproper functioning of
thecommon market ,toprovide aframe ofreference fornational
policies and ,finally ,toprovide incentives ,atthedifferent levels
ofaction ,forconserving natural resources andimproving thequality
oflife .
Finally ,atinternational level ,theCommunity plays anactive role in
international conventions towhich itisacontracting party and
co-operates closely with international organisations dealing with
environmental problems and with the authorities incertain non-member
countries faced with thesame problems astheCommunity .
Atatime when theeconomic situation oftheCommunity and ofthe
Member States continues toworsen ,thequestion arises astowhether
ornot theCommunity environment policy should bemodified .The
Commission andtheCouncil have already taken into account thenew
economic conditions incarrying-out the first andsecond action
programmes ,especially bydeveloping preventive measures .However ,
environment policy isastructural policy which must becarried out
without regard totheshort-term fluctuations incyclical conditions ,
inorder toprevent natural resources from being seriously despoiled
and toensure that fui^a development potential isnot sacrificed .
Furthermore ,public opinion isstill very concerned about
environmental matters and ,despite current economic difficulties ,
continues tosupport measures toprotect theenvironment .
Thetasks tobeundertaken during theperiod 1982 to1986 should
therefore have thesame objectives andpriorities ,andbebased on
the same principles asthose which have governed Community action in
thepast sothat action toprotect theenvironment canbecontinued ,
andindeed strengthened ,toguarantee thequality oflife forpresent
and future generations .

-5-
The first aim istocomplete themany projects provided forinthe
1977-1981 programme which have notbeen fulfilled foravariety of
reasons -mainly because ofthediscrepancy between thescale of
theprojects andthemeans available forimplementing them .
TheCommission intends topursua work inprogress tomonitor the
application oflaws andregulations already adopted ,toincrease
theeffectiveness oftheexisting body ofCommunity legislation .
6.However ,consolidation andthecontinuation ofthemeasures laid down
inthe 1973 said 1977 programmes must take into account thesocio­
economic context ofthe1980s andth®newpolitical andgeographical
dimensions oftheCommunity ofTen ;normust pre–accession
wgotj aiions inprogress with two other states beforgotten .
Economic recovery based onthefull andextensive useofevery
reeouroo (both human andnatural )isanaimofvital impojf-tance
totheeconomy ofthewhole Community .Accordingly ,theenvironment
policy will define thelimits andtheactions required toattain more
balanced development without wastage .
Thesocio-economic context ofthe 1980s will mean that environmental
action must not only take account ofthemajor problems confronting
theCommunity (employment ,inflation ,energy ,balance ofpayments and
growing regional disparities )butmust also contribute totheefforts
made inother ways tofind solutions .This will beconditional onthe
deteriorating economic situation notbeing used asanexcuse for
weakening theenvironmental polioy that isnowunder way.
Accordingly ,environmental policy must beconcerned t
–tohelp increating new jobs bythepromotion andstimulation
ofthedevelopment ofkeyindustries with regard toproducts ,
equipment andprocesses that areeither less polluting oruse
fewer non-renewable resources ;
–toreduce anyform ofpollution ornuisance ,orofinterference
with spatial features ,theenvironment orresources which create
waste orunacceptable cost fortheCommunity ;
–toeconomize certain rawmaterials that arenon–renewable ,orof
which supplies canbeobtained only with difficulty ,andtoencourage
therecyoling ofwaste andthesearch forless polluting
alternatives ;
–toprevent orreduce thepossible negative effects ofusing energy
resources other than oil ,such ascoal ornuclear power ,andto
promote energy saving and theuse ofless polluting energy
resources ;

-6.
–toreinforce theimplementation oftheInformation Agreement
cf5March1973(1)toavoidindividual national measures
affecting theproperfunctioning oftheinternal marketor
makingtheadoption ofappropriate Community measures more
difficult .
7«Theenlargement oftheCommunity anditsnewMediterranean
dimension makeitnecessary forenvironmental protection measures
tocontribute moreeffectively and{specifically toprotecting the
Mediterranean Ceawithinthelimitsofoverallpolicyforthatarea.
ActiveCommunity participation intheConvention fortheProtection
oftheMediterranean Seaagainstpollution ,andtheprotocols
thereto,willprovidethebestprotection fortheeconomic ,social
c.tidcultural valuesoftheMediterranean basin,preserveitscommon
heritage andhelptheimprovement ,thepolitical climateandthe
Fearchforlastingpeaceinthisregion.
iInthecaseoftheNorthSea,theCommunity'ssecondinternational
!waterway,amoreco-ordinated policyshouldbepursued.In
particular ,attention mustbepaidtotheadverseecological
;impactontheNorthSeaof(oftenmutuallyincompatible )human
jactivities suchasoilandgasrecovery ,sandandgravelremoval,
shipping andpollution byland-based sources andatmosphere .One
Iofthetoppriorities mustbetoreachsomeformofco-ordinated
Iadministrative andlegalpolicythatwillsafeguard tothefullest
{extentthecontinuedexistenceoftheNorthSeaaf-:animportant
;andimmensely valuable ecological unit.
8.Toitensify theabovemeasures andimplement apreventive
environmental protection policyinafullandeffective manner,
theCommunity shouldseektointegrate concernfortheenvironment
intotheplanning anddevelopment ofcertain economicactivities as
rruchaspossible andthuspromotethecreation ofanoverall
strategy makingenvironmental policyapartofeconomic andsocial
development .Thisshouldresultinagreaterawareness ofthe
environmental dimension ,notablyinthefieldsofagriculture ,
j(includingforestryandfisheries )energy,industry,transport and.
tourism .
Moreover ,asthegapsbetweenthelevelsofdevelopment ofthe
different regionsintheMemberStateswiden,theCommunity's
environment policyshouldpaymoreattention toregions,!aspects.
(1)CJN°C9,15.03.1973 andOJNC86,20.03.1973

-7-
TheCommunity 'senvironment policy isalso animportant element in
thestrategy forindustrial innovation theCommission recently
proposed tothe "budgetary authorities .Infact certain measures ,
inparticular those forfighting pollution andexploiting waste ,
could stimulate technological innovations and socontribute to
improving thecompetitiveness oftheCommunity 'seconomy .The
Community will continue itsefforts "bysuitable measures .
Tosupport theattainment ofthese objectives ,theCommission intends
tomake increased use ofthepossibilities offered bytheexisting
Community financial instruments .TheCommunity financial instruments
fortheenvironment proposed totheCouncil will make itpossible to
supplement these aids bypromoting thedevelopment oftechniques
andpilot projects infields which arenot eligible forassistance
under theexisting financial instruments .
II.DEVELOPING ASOVERALL STRATEGY
9.Theultimate objectives ofenvironment policy arethepf-oteotion of
human health ,thelong-term availability ofalltheresources which
determine thequality oflife ,ofadequate quality andinsufficient
quantity ,namely ,water ,air ,space –from both theland-use and
landscape points ofview -climate ,rawmaterials ,thebuilt
environment ,andthenatural andcultural heritage ,aswell asthe
maintenance andwhere possible ,therestoration ofthenatural
environment with suitable habitats for flora and fauna .
Inview oftheir sometimes very close links ,thesound management
ofthese resources requires that anoverall strategy should be
oonceived andputinto practioe .Theneed forsuch astrategy ,
recogpiized inprinciple intheFirst andSecond Programmes ,has
gradually increased asthelatter have been implemented .Thepolicy
nowneeds tobeputinconcrete form ,andpresent andfuture measures
arranged within anappropriate general framework ,drawing inspiration
especially from theWorld Conservation Strategy launched byUNEP ,IUCM "
andWWFinMarch 1980 .
Three principles arecrucial ,ifthat goal istobeachieved ,and
need toberestated ;namely that each type ofaction must be
applied atthemost appropriate level andthat prevention rather than
cure should betherule andthat wherever possible attempts at
restoration must bemade .
Itisnecessary toseek thelevel ofaction -local ,regional ,
national ,Community orinternational –best suited totheproblems
inquestion ;consequently ,theCommunity level should bereserved
for those measures which can bemost effective there .This is
particularly important ,forinstance ,inspatial planning ,where
responsibilities areoften very widely dispersed within theCommunity .

-8-
Conservation requirements ,moreover ,should "beconsidered asearly
aspossible insocio-economic development planning anddecision-
makingprocesses .
Tnieapproach ,whichisalsothemosteconomic asfarasthe
Community isconcerned ,willbecomeanessential partofallsocio­
economic activity .
Thefollowing conditions mustbemet,iftheprinciple of
prevention istohavefulleffect :
-therequisite knowledge andinformation mustbeimproved and
madereadilyavailable todecision –makersandallinterested
parties,including thepublic;
itisnecessary toformulate andintroduce procedures for
judgment which'-rillensurethattheappropriate factsare
considered earlyinthedecision –makingprocesses relating to
sfjyactivitylikelytoaffecttheenvironment significantly .
So.chprocedures shouldbecarriedoutinanecological content ,
whichwillneedtobegradually defined andwillindicate the
Iriritsnottobeexceeded toavoidjeopardizing theregenerative
capacity oftheecosystem andtheavailability ofnatural
resources ^
-aneffortmustbemadetoachieve optimumdistribution of
r"ources ;
-tomonitortheimplementation ofadoptedmeasures ,toensure
theircorrectapplication andtheiradaptation ifcircumstances
ornewknowledge shouldsorequire ;
-tostrengthen thecohesion ofCommunity andMemberState
environmental policies ;
-training andpublicawareness withregardtotheenvironment
shouldbeimproved andintensified .
TheCommission willelaborate waysandmeansofrestoring the
environment andsubmitproposals fortheirimplementation oncompletion
ofitssurvey.
Dissemination ofandaccesstoresearch results
Inimplementing thevariousresearch programmes approved bytheCouncil,
theCommission willplacegreaterstresson,inparticular ,those
measures whicharelikelytosustainintheshort,mediumandlong
termsthepresentactionprogramme .Withthisinview,itwillalso
pursueitseffortstoco-ordinate theMemberStates *environmental
research programmer :a

-9-
TheCowmiaeion will continue itsactivities concerning the
dissemination ofscientific andteohnioal data ontheprotection
andimprovement oftheenvironment taking place simultaneously in
theframework ofthe third IDST action plan andinthedevelopment
|ofaEuropean information market andaproduction market ofits
i!own .
TheCommission will also continue topublish theresults of
pollution measurements compiled under thecommon information -
exchange procedures approved "bytheCouncil inrespect ofsurface
water andairpollution .
The current "ecological mapping "project isavery relevant
instance ofefforts tomake information onthe state ofthe
environment more accessible throughout theCommunity .
11.Procedures toensure that environmental data are taken into account
inplanning and decisionr-making
Environmental impact assessment istheprime instrument forensuring
that environmental data istaken into account inthedecision-making
process .Itshould "begradually introduced into theplanning and
preparation ofallforms ofhuman activity likely tohave a
significant effect ontheenvironment such aspublic andprivate
development projects ,physical planning schemes ,economio and
regional development programmes ,newproducts ,newtechnologies ,and
legislation .
Directive N°79/831/EEC (sixth amendment totheDireotive 67/548/EEC
ondangerous substances )(1)wasafirst step inthis direction at
Community level .
TheCommission hasalso sent theCouncil aproposal foradirective
introducing environmental impact assessment into existing national
procedures fortheauthorisation ofnewindustrial developments and
agricultural infrastructures (2).
Ifadopted ,thedirective will beanimportant step inachieving the
effective integration oftheenvironmental aspect into decision -
making inrespect ofdevelopment .
Where appropriate ,theCommission will ,inthalight ofthe
experience acquired inthese twoareas ,putforward proposals tothe
Council forthe gradual extension ofthefield ofapplication of
environmental impact assessments .
TheCommission will further take thenecessary initiatives toseethat
allCommunity measures which areexpected toaffect theenvironment
significantly aregradually subjected toprior assessment .
(1)OJFL 259 ,15.10.1979
(2)OJN°C169,09.07.1980

-ΊΟ-
V.' . J. . .. ■ ■ ^ ^ t---w'--'O .\J
Care most b©ts-ken toensure optimum use ofresources *Tothis
ei.il itisnecessary ,"before anynewmeasures areactually taken ,
toanalyse carefully their justification and .their optimum
efiaotiveness from thepoint ofview ofcost-benefit .The
Cosarassion will doeverything necessary tostrengthen this practice ,
which ithasbeen applying inprinciple since itbegan itsaction .
Theapplication ofthepolluter-pays principle (1)isofdecisive
importance inastrategy which isdesigned tomake -thebest use of
resources .Apportioning the oosts ofprotecting the environment
topolluters ,asprovided "bythis principle ,constitutes an
incentive tothem toreduce pollution ca'&sed bytheir activities and
todiscover less polluting products ortechnologies .This principle
istherefore thechief wey ofbringing market forces tobear soasto
achieve optimum structuring within amarket economy .
Thepolluter-pays principle isusually applied bysubjecting polluters
tostandards and/orcharges anditimplies that ,inconformity with
thegeneral principles oftheEECTreaty concerning State aids that
public authorities donot finance investments required toreduce
pollution .
However ,insome cases theintroduction ofnewobligations forthis
purpose could bedelayed because theconsequential financial
burden can cause serious difficulties for older firms and thus for
employment *.Paced with this situation ,theCommission ,"bytwo
Decisions dating from 1974 and1980 ,hasaccepted that Member States
maygrant aids tduring aperiod ending in198?andunder certain
conditions faimed ateasing theintroduction ofnewRegulations that
could ensure adequate protection ofthe environment .
Aparticular area where State aids maybeneeded isinthe
protection ofnature andofthelandscape ,aids which areusually
given tolocal authorities ortovoluntary organisations .Even if
these aids donot contravene theprovisions oftheISC Treaty
concerning Stats aids ,itisdesirable tobring some ofthese aids
into aCommunity context andsoensure their cohesion andthus
increase their effectiveness .
Charges constitute on®oftheinstruments fortheapplication ofthe
polluter –pays principle andthey canprovide anincentive tothe
introduction ofanti–pollution measures toreinforce theapplication
ofstandards andstimulate innovation ,especially ifresidual
pollution isalso covered bythecharge .Itisnecessary therefore
tostudy carefully thefields where charging systems would allow
theachievement oftheobjectives ofenvironment policy more
efficiently *However ,care must betaken toensure that anysuch
charges donot ,intheir practical application ,amount toalicence
topollute .
(1/Thefirst Community action programme ontheenvironment ,title II,5
(0JHoC112 ,20.12.1973 )andtheCouncil Recommendation of3March
1975 concerning cost allocation aridaotion bypublic authorities on
environmental matters (0JNoL194 ,25*7*75 )«

Anenvironmental strategy atCommunity level should also befasded
byfinancial resources specifically setaside forenvironmental
purposes .Such instruments ,which bytheir very existence would
have asnowball effect andtend tostimulate therequired "ismosis "
between national andCommunity environmental policies ,would put
theCommunity isabetter position tohelp implement abalanced
environmental policy inall itsregions .
TheCommission hasproposed theinclusion initspreliminary draft
budget for1982 of(admittedly symbolic )amounts forthese purposes .
Anoptimum form forCommunity financial intervention concerning the
environment will have tobethought out onthebasis ofthe
experience which would begained from using these appropriations .
Finally ,theCommission isdrawing attention totheneed todeploy
greater efforts onintegrating environmental data more fully into
national accounts .National accounts intheir traditional form do
not take account ofmoBt environmental cost nor the Iranefita of
improving the environment because they aredifficult tomeasure .
Consequently itisimportant toimprove indicators ofenvironmental
quality tosupplement traditional national accounts that take
inadequate account ofth6 costs andbenefits ofimproving the
environment .Improvements should beachieved bypromoting rjid
harmonizing environmental statistics andintroducing acommon
nomenclature ofenvironmental parameters .Moreover ,theinclusion
ofenvironment costs inGNP would befacilitated "bytheapplication
ofthepolluter-pays principle andtheuse ofcharges tointernalise
external costs .
13*Applying Council decisions and the Information Agreement
TheCommission will continue toexamine very closely the
incorporation ofCommunity texts into natior.al law ,inparticular :
–the forms ofnational legislation used toincorporate
theCommunity texts ,and
–thecomplete incorporation thereof inallregions ofeach
Member State ,especially those where environmental protection
isnot thesole responsability ofthecentral government ;
–thepublication oflegal andadministrative provisions intended
togive effect toCommunity text .
jTheCommission willalsooontinue toexamine veryclosely theactual
implementation atnational level ofCommunity regulations ,directives
jandreoommendations andwill ensure that appropriate action istaken .
This examination will also include astudy ofthesanctions available
inthe Member States incase ofinfractions .

12-
Ü/CXv-k3ú"vc-Vañ,\.faJyObí'.-.O,ü"Uiio¿¿íO;\iii3J^lvXCL/^cU'í.0üvU:j.OÍ.l
,eags*«dtn»ta.concerted effortmustbeaadetostrengthen and
developtheintes-nal mBr-ketw.Th©Information Agreement onthe
eavironaient of5March1973provides oneimportant meansfor
achieving progress inthisfield.Thenumberofmeasures notified
totheCommission pursuanttotheAgreement fellfrom41in1974
to2inthefirsthalfof1981.TheCommission willmakea
thorough examination ofthewayinwhichtheAgreement has"been
appliedinthenineyearsofiteexistence .Thiswillinclude
notablyacomparison ofthemeasuresnotifiedtotheCommission by
theMemberStatesandallthemeasures adoptedbythem,andwill
bringoutthedifferent nationalinterpretations oftheprovisions
intheAgreement .Afterthereview,theCommission willput
forwardappropriate proposals forstrengthening theapplication of
theAgreement .Following thisreview,theCommission willmake
whatever proposals maybenecessary tostrengthen theapplication
oftheAgreement .
14*Improvement andreinforcement ofeducation inandpublicawareness
oftheenvironment
Consciousness oftheimportance ofprotecting andimproving the
environment isanecessary condition formoreresponsible behaviour
towardsitatindividual level.
Beyondtheindividual level,itisoffirstimportance thatpublic
opinion,informed mainlybysocio-economic undertakings ,should
supporttheefforts madeatnational andCommunity levelsin
favouroftheadoption andapplication oflawsrequired toprotect
theenvironment .ForthisreasontheCommission willcontinue its
actiontospreadinformation andtopromoteawareness inthisfield,
iItwillcontinueitssupport,wherenecessary andattheappropriate
;levels,ofnon-governmental organisations workingintheenvironment
;field.
Particular attention willbegiventotheeducation ofyoungpeople
ofschool-going ag®.Thenetworkofpilotschoolsinthe
environmental fieldwillbeextended tothesecondary education level
andsimilaractionforprofessional education willbeconsidered .
Ill-PREVENTION MBREDUCTION OFPOLLUTION AIDNUISANCES INTHE
DIS7EHÉHT E5TOR0NÎÊNTO
15«Itisfirstofallessential tocombatthedeterioration ofthe
environment byreducingpollution andnuisances ,inordertodevelop
sotsndmanagement ofnaturalresources andtoprotect humanbeings.
Forpractical reasons,theCommunity andtheMemberStateshavemost
oftencarriedoutspecific measures ofthistypeineach
environmental sphereseparately .Althoughitwillcontinue withthis
approach ,theCommission willalsopaygreatattention toco-ordinating

-13-
thosemeasures.Withthisinmind,itwillreviewinparticular
howdifferent discharges ofwasteswhichcanaffectmany
environments canberegulated asawhole,soastoavoidany
transfer ofpollution thatmightarisefromonlypartialmeasures .
Tocontribute effectively totheconservation ofthenatural
environment ,theCommission willensurethattheapplication of
Councildirectives anddecisions doesnotresult,directly or
indireotly ,inareduction ofenvironmental quality.Itwillalso
studyhowthetotaldischarges ofoertainsubstances could
gradually bereduoed,withaviewtosubmitting proposals tothe
Council.
Themonitoring ofpollution inthedifferent environments alsoneeds
tobeimproved ,especially inthecontextofUKEP'sGlobal
Environmental Monitoring System.
Sectoral studies conduoted invarious MemberStateshaveBhownthat
someformsofpollution andnuisance helptobringaboutan
irreversible deterioration oftheCommunity'snaturalheritage.
Ajointeffortmustbemadetoensurethatthelatterisprotected .
Tostartwith,theCommission willdrawupaninventory ofthose
siteswhichareparticularly threatened andwillcontinue studies
todetermine thecriteria forestablishing thecause–effect
relationship inrespectofdifferent typesofpollution and
nuisance .
Incarrying outthisProgramme ,theCommission willpayspecial
attention topollution whichaffects morethanoneMemberState
atonce.TheCommunity willalsohavetoincreaseitscontribution
tointernational effortstocombattransboundary pollution affecting
MemberStatesandnon-member countries .
Inparticular ,inordertoovercomecertaindifficulties causedby
theapplication ofCouncildirectives anddecisions inthe
environmental fieldwhichmayaffecttheeconomies ofcertain
regionsintheCommunity ,theCommission hasproposedthata
financial instrument fortheenvironment shouldbesetuptoactas
anincentive andacatalyst.
Freshwaterandseawater
TheCommission willcontinue withthemeasures begununderthefirst
twoprogrammes andwillimplement thedirectives anddecisions adopted
bytheCouncilwithaviewtopreventing andreducing waterpollution .
Thefollowing arethemainareasconcerned :
–theoontrolofpollution bydangerous Bubstances }
–thecontrolofpollution fromoilspills;
–monitoring andcontrolwithaviewtoimproving waterqmality
andreducing pollution .

14-
!?• Asregards thepollution oftheaquatic environment "bythe
dangerous substances covered byDirective 76/464/£®C (1),itio
essential toadopt tha first implementing measures assoon as
possible .Future action will involve the careful selection of
priorities andtheuseofsimplified procedures ,especially
i-dth regard tothe substances inList I.Particular attention
will bepaid toharmonizing programmes forreducing pollution
bythe substances recorded inList IIofthe same Directive .
Toluake this action more effective ,theCommission will review
measures forreducing indirect ordispersed discharges of
certain substances and ,ifnecessary ,will send theappropriate
proposals tothe Council .
18«Asregards marine pollution byhydrocarbons ,theserious
consequences ofillegal deballasting andrepeated accidents –
including some fairly recent ones –highlighted the inadequacy
ofattempts inthe last decade toreduce this form ofpollution
and theurgent naed foreffective action atall levels®
Tocombat hydrocarbon pollution effectively ,itisfirst ofall
essential toaccelerate the implementation ofapreventive
policy .TheCommission will therefore take steps toensure that
th'3 international conventions concluded ixn.de rthe auspices ofIMCO
a.itheILOarequickly applied ,andthat theopportunities
aifox'ded bythese conventions areproperly used .
Intheevent ofanaccident ,theauthorities intheMember States
concerned must beable tointervene quickly inaco-ordinated
manner and with sufficient means .Itisthe Commission 'swish to
contribute effectively tosuch action and itwill therefore act
tobring into sen /Ice theinformation system adopted bythe
Council while completing the study oftheproblems mentioned inits
Communication totheCouncil of26June 1980 andwill make the
relevant proposals .TheCommission will cc–ordinate itswork with
that carried out under the Barcelona Convention ,onthe Prelection
oftheMediterranean Sea against Pollution and theBonn Agreement
011Pollution oftheNorth Sea (2).During this preparatory work ,
theCommission will regularly consult theAdvisory Committee on
thecontrol andreduction ofpollution caused byhydrocarbons
discharged atseawhich itsatupon25June 1980 (3).
19* 'J-1*16Commission will supervise the technical application ofthe
Council directives anddecisions ,especially with regard tothe
common informat ion–exchange procedure approved on12I'ecember 1977 (4)
aswell astotheregular reports andibsprogi *•-•<Effielaid down in
(Tfo/foL129,18.05 1976
;1-efonven-cions ai ,irontionad inCouncll Hecommendat ions
;8/584/iiSCand79/ìUA3C (OJNoL194 ,19*07.1978 and
OJNoL33,08.02 .:979 )
(3)OJNoL188of22.07.1980
(4)OJNoL334 ,24.12c1977

-15-
theCouncildirectives .Asregardsfreshwater,studieswill "be
carriedout"bytheCommission topreventthedumpingoforganic
andcertaininorganic substances thataccelerate theprocessof
eutrophication aswellastoreducethermalpollution whichis
causedbyproduction processes andwhich,inadditiontointers
actingwithotherformsofpollution ,represents asenseless
wasteofenergy.
•Finally,theCommission willcontinuetotakepartinthe
international conventions ontheprotection offreshandsea
watertowhichtheCommunity isaContracting Partyandwill
negotiate theCommunity'saccession ,asandwhentheCouncil
decides,totheotherconventions whichhavethesameobjective .
Aparticular effortwillbemadetocleanuptheRhineunderthe
aegisoftheInternational Commission fortheProtection oftheRhine
againstPollution .TheCommunity itselfshallbeprepared tomake
anappropriate contribution tothesolution ofthepollution of
theRhine,especially bysalt,ascalledforintheEuropean
Parliament 'sresolution of20November 1981.Theproblemof
pollution oftheriverMeuse,whichflowsthroughthreeMember
States,willalsobecarefully considered bytheCommission inthe
comingperiod.TheCommission willalsoextenditsmeasures aimed
attheprotection oftheNorthSea.
EffortstoprotecttheMediterranean willlikewise besteppedup.
TheCommission hasalreadyenteredinitsdraftbudgetfor1982
appropriations whichwillhelp.togivetheCommunity amore
vigorous andeffective presence inthisregion.
•Atmospheric Pollution
Asregardsthecontrolofatmospheric pollution ,theCommission will
continueitseffortstoestablish air^-quality standards .Asto
pollutants whichareproduced byalargenumberofsoattered sources
–i.e.ubiquitous pollutants suchasnitrogen oxidesandhydro­
carbons–theCommission willcontinue tostudythepossibility of
drawing tipCommunity standards ,notablyinrespectofphotochemical
oxidants.Asregardsthepollutants produced byalimited number
ofsourceswithasmallradiusofeffeotsuchasfluorine ,cadmium,
mercuryandcarbonmonoxide ,theCommission willstudythe
effectiveness ofregionally appliedstandards .
Forsomeubiquitous pollutants ,apolicywillhavetobedevised
whichinitially willstabilize ,andthereafter gradually reducetotal
emissions "byestablishing emission standards ,wherenecessary ,for
certainsources.Thiswouldapplynotablytolarge,fixedsources
withhighstackswhichdistribute pollutants overawideradius.
ThisaotionwillformpartoftheCommission 'scontribution tothe
efforttoresolvetheacid-rain andtrans-boundary pollution
problembeingorganised "undertheGenevaConvention onLong-
Distance Trans–Boundary Atmospherio Pollution ,undertheauspices
oftheEconomic Commission forEurope.

-16-
Coalisanothercasewhereemissions can"berestricted .Energy
supplyproblems -willmakeitnecessary toresorttoothersources,
notablycoal,toutwillcreatefurther,particularly serious
pollution problems incertainregions.Specific measures willhave
tobetakentoreducethedischarges ofpollutants produced by
burningthisfuelespecially SOnitrogen oxidesandsuspended
particulates .
Theyshouldbeaccompanied bythedevelopment aridpromotion of
newless–polluting technologies .
TheCommission willstudyhowtostrengthen themeasures tocontrol
pollution frommotorvehicles .Itwillinparticular study,
itogether withinterested parties ,thepossibility thatallnew
carsputonthemarketafteracertaindateberequired touseanti­
pollution devicesorfuelswhichconsiderably reducethepresent
levelofexhaustpollution ,andmakeappropriate proposals .Itwill
drawuplong–'termguidelines forthemotorvehiclesectoringeneral,
andinsodoingtakeaccount ,interalia,oftheneedforthe
European motorvehicleindustry tomeetthestrictenvironment
protection normslaiddowntryitsmajorcompetitors suchasthe
USAandJapan.
Tl.eCommission willalsotackletheproblems connected withthe
environmental impactofmunicipal waste,incinerating plantsand
o.c1,sludgefromzrrunicpal sewagetreatment plants.
Certaintechnical supportmeasures willhavetobetaken,suchasthe
merewidespread useofemission inventories andthedevelopment
andapplication ofmathematical modelsrepresenting the
distribution ofpollutants .Evencloserattention shouldbepaid
totheeconomic consequences ofalltheproposed measures .
Workontheharmonization ofmeasuring methodswillbecontinued
anddeveloped moresystematically .
TheCommission willcontinue tostudytheeffectsofcertain
chemicals ,suchaschlorofluorocarbons ,ontheozonelayerinthe
stratosphere andontheclimate.Itwillalsocontinueits
measures torestrict theutlisation ofemission oftheseproducts
bymonitoring themarketing ofexisting chemical products .Tothis
enditwilldrawupnewformsofagreement withtheeconomic
interests concerned andtakepartinthenegotiations foraframe­
workagreement ontheprotection oftheozonelayerwhicharebeing
prepared undertheUNEP.
22.Chemicals
TheMemberStatJShavejoinedwithindustry inapplying Community
measures forth.3prohibition ofsubstances dangerous tothe
environment aswellasforthepreventive testingofnewand
existing chemicals .However ,themeasures willneedtobe
supplemented orimproved .

-17-
TheCommission and theMember States must set upproper procedures
forconsultation andco-operation .This isparticularly true of
theSixth Amendment tothe1967 Direotive ondangerous substances ,
theapplication ofwhich requires avery considerable effort by
thecompetent national authorities andtheCommission .To
facilitate theimplementation oftheDirective ,close co-operation
between thecompetent national authorities should beencouraged .
TheCommission will therefore setupaco-ordinating committee ,
consisting ofrepresentatives oftheMember States ,tosupervise
themonitoring ofchemical substances .
Inaddition theCommission will continue itswork onupdating the
directives already adopted ondangerous substances and
preparations .
Further ,theassessment oftheimpact ofchemicals onmanand the
environment will have tobeharmonized toavoid differing
assessments inthevarious Member States ,which would bedetrimental
totheproper functioning ofthe common market .Themethods should
beapplied systematically toboth newandexisting substances .
Accordingly ,theCommission will draw upatregular intervals lists
ofexisting dangerous substances which require priority assessment .
Itwill beassisted inthis task bytheScientific Advisory
Committee toexamine thetoxicity andecotoxicity ofchemical
compounds ,which wassetupin1979 *
Measures which canlead tointernational agreements ontoxic
substances should also beintensified .More specifically ,itis
necessary todetermine how the mutual recognition ofspecific test
data ,assessment data and ,ifpossible ,assessment procedures ,can
beachieved and tocreate the appropriate conditions .This could
bedone either bilaterally with certain non–member countries or
internationally through ,say ,theOECD .
23*Boise
Inview oftheCommunity 'seconomio situation ,future noise -
abatement measures ,while still aimed atthepromotion ofquieter
products ,will give much great consideration totheir socio-economic
consequences .
Particular attention will bepaid tothe connection between noise
reduction andpossible energy savings .
Further ,togive more consideration totheenvironmental impact of
different types ofnoise and toavoid devising solutions that are
toopartial ,agreater effort will bemade s
-todetermine simple physical indicators with aview to
evaluating thequality ofaparticular acoustic environment ;
-to'explore the links between these indicators and thereactions
ofthepopulations subjected todifferent types ofnoise
source ,whether isolated orcombined ;

-18-
–toharmonize methods offorecasting levelsofexposure to
noise.
Thesedifferent itemsarealsostudied anddiscussed at
international level.
Standards forcombining soundandheatinsulation properties will
"bestudied .
Particular interest willbepaidtotheproblems ofmechanical
vibrations ,especially asregardstheprotection oftheCommunity fs
cultural heritage .
Moregenerally ,theCommission willseektospeedupthework
beingdoneonstandardisation byvarious competent bodies.
Toaccomplish theseobjectives ,theCommission willcontinue to
takeanactivepartinthestandardisation workbeingdoneby
organisations suchasISO,CEIandIUR.andinthespecialfieldof
aircraftnoisebyICAOandtheECAC(1J.
24.Waste
WLereass wasteproduction givesrisetoproblems ofresource
ma-iu.^Jinant ,especially onaccountofthevolumeandnatureofthe
wastes,treatment ;anddisposal oftencreatepollution andnuisance
problems .
Withregardtoihesecondaspect,theCommission willseetoitthat
theprovisions regarding thetreatment andinoffensive disposal of
wastecontained intherelevantDirectives (2)alreadyadoptedby
tli3Councilareapplied andwilltakethesupplementary measures
necessary ,particularly fordangerous andtoxicwastes.
(1)ISO=International Standards Organisation
CEI=International Electrotechnical Committee
IUR=International UnionofRailways
ICAO=International CivilAviation Organisation
ECAC=European CivilAviation Conference
(2)OJL194,25.07.1975
OJN°L108,26.04.1976
OJN°L54,25.02.1978
OJTT°L84,31.03.1978

-19-
25*Technology andpollution
Preventive aotion designed toreduce pollution atsource will ,
wherever possible ,gradually replace attempts tocontrol the
effects ofpollution andnuisances .Thedevelopment ofnew
production technologies andthedesign ofnewproducts will not
only help make themanagement ofnatural resources more efficient
"butwill also form amajor element intheprevention ofpollution .
IV THE PROTECTION AND RATIONAL MANAGEMENT OFLAND .THEENVIRONMENT
AND NATURAL RESOURCES
26.Therational management ofland
Land intheCommunity isavery limited andmuch sought –after
natural resource .Theway itisused very largely conditions the
quality oftheenvironment .Physical planning istherefore oneof
theareas where apreventive environment policy isvery necessary
andvery "beneficial .
Forthis reason ,policy efforts need tohereinforced ,at "both
national andCommunity levels inorder s
-toprotect andconserve more successfully those zones which
fulfil important eoologioal oroultural functions (natural or
semi-natural ecosystems ,oountryside ,grade 1agricultural land ,
ground water protection areas );
-toensure theintegrated management ofregions which are
particularly sensitive "because oftheir environmental
importance andtheir attraction toeconomic developers ,e.g.
coastal regions orcertain mountainous areas ;
-toenhance thepositive andreduce thenegative effects onthe
environment ofagriculture ,which together with forestry covers
more than 80$ofallCommunity territory .Inthis respect ,the
guidelines onrural land setdown intheProgramme of17May 1977
remain valid .Within these limits ,theCommission will place
special emphasis ontheprior evaluation oftheenvironmental
effects ofthemajor programmes andtechnical projects .
Sinoe land usage can "besignificantly affected ,most often
irreversibly ,"bycertain Community sectoral policies (e.g. in
agriculture ,regional development ,energy andtransport )the
Community must help achieve these objectives .
Work will continue therefore along twomain lines :
-thesearch forsolutions totheproblems shared bythe
different Member States andthewidest possible distribution
ofthecommon stock ofknowledge (through manuals of
integrated management ,guides ,information schemes ,etc.);

-20-
-theincorporation ofthese objectives into Community policies ,
eBpeoially bythedevelopment ofsuitable procedures aswell
asbytheuse ofcomparable information onthe state ofthe
environment atCommunity level ("ecological mapping ").
The conservation offauna and flora
Genetic variety which ispart ofcommon heritage ,constitutes
animportant economic resource and isanessential factor
inproviding ecological balance .
Asageneral rule ,themeasures taken toprotect theenvironment
have also had abeneficial effect onthe fauna and flora .The
protection ofthelatter ,however ,also requires specific measures
and ,tomake these effective ,theCommunity provides animportant
stage between thenational level (often toonarrow abase )andthe
world level (where theinstitutional framework forbinding action
isentirely lacking ).Thespecific measures needed are :
–theconservation ofhabitats ;
–monitoring thecollection ofwild fauna and flora ;
–monitoring orbanning oftrade inendangered species and in
goods orproducts derived from these species .
The last point impinges directly onCommunity responsibilities
andtherefore requires rules established atCommunity level
because theunity ofthemarket and thefreedom oftrade may
boaffected .
Astothe collection ofwild fauna and flora ,national rules
would have tobeharmonized toanadequate extent ,while
respecting thevariety ofrational situations .
Themain problem istheconservation ofhabitats where their
gradual ,irreversible disappearance inmany cases constitutes
thechief threat totha survival ofBpecies .While itis
recognised that local ,regional andnational responsibilities
aredecisive inthis case ,aCommunity framework isbecoming
essential ifgreater cohesion istobegiven tosuch efforts .
Such aframework would ensure that anetwork ofproperly
projected biotopes ,sufficient inbcth extent andnumber ,and
inter –linked inarational fashion ,was setupandmaintained .
Thenetwork should bedesigned insuch away astoguarantee -
asfar asthehabitat isconcerned –the survival ofall species
native totheCommunity .This would bemade much easier ifitwere
possible touse Coiiimunity financial resources ,andinparticular
those destined for theprotection oftheenvironment .One cost-
effective use ofthese resources may betogrant support tovoluntary
organisations ,vrithin aframework ofappropriate rules ,tomanage
nature reserves .

-21-
TheCommission willalsoseetoitthatthepolicies pursuedat
Community leveldonothaveanunacceptable effectonimportant
existing biotopes .Theenvironmental impactofgrantsmadeor
proposed withintheframework oftheregional ,industrial ™energy,
transport ,tourism andagricultural policies shouldbe'scrutinized
sothathte.ymakeagreatercontribution totheachievement ofthese
conservation goals.InthecontextofCAP,theEECdirective
relating toless-favoured areasshouldalsobeexamined to
ascertain iftheseobjectives couldbeachieved .
Inparticular theCommission willgiveconsideration totheneeds
ofnatureconservation overtraderequirements wheretheprotection
ofendangered plantandnaimalspecies andthesurvival ofrare
ecosystems areatstake.
FinallytheCommunity willhavetoplayanimportant rolein
theinternational conventions fortheconservation ofspecies
e.g.thoseofWashington ,BerneandBonn.Similarly ,the
Community shou-ldalsoexaminethepossibility ofacceding tothe
Antarctic Treatywithaviewtodoineverything possible to
protectthemarineecosystems fromtheadverseeffectsof
indiscriminate oilandmineralexploitation oftheAntarctic .
28.Therational management ofwaterresources
TheCommission 'sroleinthissphereconsists primarily in
promoting theirrational useandinimproving methodsfor
evaluating theiravailability .
Sofar,information hasnotalwaysbeendistributed ina
satisfactory way,andthevulnerability ofbodiesofwater
hasnotalwaysbeenfullyappreciated .Thesituation withregard
totheCommunity 'swaterresources isthusbeginning tocause
someanxiety and,inconsequence ,theconservation ofthese
resources isafactorwhichmustbeincluded inalldecision-
making.
Thefirststepsare:
-tocarryouttheobjectives laiddowninthe1977-81programme ;
-toupda,teandcomplete thedataontheavailability ofthe
Community 'swaterresorcesj
-tocomplete thestudyfortheoverallreportongroundwater
resources byafurtherstudyoftheirqualityandvulnerability .

-22–
'iu© j.ui j)luijvuj.011 will cor.tr ilyiite toth® tetter
management ofthese resources and especially ofground water .
Itcould also improve theuse ofexisting resources intheface
ofincreasing consumer demand .
Finally ,partioular attention will bepaid tosupply problems in
regions ofshortage andareas where over-exploitation ofresources
isendangering thequality oftheenvironment .Here theCommission
(will oonduct asurvey ofareas where thediversion offresh water
I ishaving detrimental effects onthenatural environment .Itwill
jsubmit proposals aimed atrestoring thestatus quo ,inparticular
,proposals allowing restrictions tobeplaced ontheconsumption of
fresh water forindustrial purposes .Special attention will be
ipaid totheimpact ofground water diversion onvulnerable
environments like heathland ,woodland anddunes .
All these measures will form theCommunity 'scontribution tothe
International Drinking Water Supply andSanitation Decade declared
bytheUnited Nations fortheperiod 1980-1990 *
29.Themanagement ofwaste
TheCommunity will continue itsaction described intheResolution
of17May 1977 ,bearing inmind thefollowing three main objectives
ofwaste management policy inallareas ofactivity :
–t'fijreduce thequantity ofnon-recoverable waste ,Bund ,
ultimately toabolish it;
–torecover ,recycle andre–usewaste forrawmaterials and
energy ;
–tomanage non–recoverable waste properly anddispose ofit
inaharmless manner .
Greater emphasis will beplaced ontherecovery ,recycling and
re-use ofwaste ,andontheprevention ofwaste andonproduct
design which facilitates recycling .
Inaccordance with theguidelines laid down bytheCommittee on
Waste Management (1)this action should concentrate mainly onthe
agricultural andenergy uses ofwaste .
Generally speaking ,oneoftheCommunity ^principal tasks here
will bethemore extensive recovery ofsecondary rawmaterials from
waste inorder tosave resources ;theintention here isto
contribute tothesolution ofproblems ofsupply difficulties ,high
rawmaterials costs andthecurrency problems associated therewith .
(1)OJN°L115,1.05.1976 ,p.73

Thewholeproblemoftreating household waste(machinery .;,
separatacollections ,costofdischarge ,etc.)anditsclose
linkswithrecycling willracc-siveparticular attention .
Asfaraswastedisposalisconcerned ,Comraunit:/rulesorths
management oftoxicanddangerous wastesinparticular should "be
supplemented andreinforced ,"byprogressively substituting re-»u«e
fordisposal ofthiswaste.
Astotheprevention ofwaste,thedevelopment ofnewtechnology
whichfacilitates wasterecycling orwhichremovestheproduction
ofwasteshouldbeencouraged .Giventheimportance ofwaste
management fortheCommunity'seconomy,theCommunity mustheable
toprovideproperincentives andhavesuitable financial instruments
atitsdisposal .
I
|Itwillinparticular examinewhetherdifferences inlegislation
onchemical wastes(orintheapplication oflegislation )iscreating
anextra-Community trafficindangerous wasteswithimplications
jnotonlyforcompetition butalsofortheprotection ofthe
jenvironment .
i
jInordertopromotetheabove–mentioned objectives ,theCommissionwillJ
I
J–publishregularlythebalancesheetofavailable rawmaterials
andavailable secondary rawmaterials ;
-startanincentive schemefortherecovery ofsecondary raw
materials ;
'-startaninoentive sohemefortheextendeduseofproducts.
30.Technology andresources
Cleantechnologies havedifferent purposes buttheseare
complementary !reducedpollution ,reducedarisings ofwaste,
themostrational husbanding ofnaturalresources-energyand
rawmaterials .
Clearly,abalancemustbefound,casebycase,betweenthese
threeobjectives ,since,eventhoughtheymaynotbemutually
exclusive ,theycannotalwaysbeachieved atthesametime.Such
acompromise cansometimes befoundbymodifying theproduction
technology orbyaltering thedesignoftheparticular product.
Apractical ,sectoral approachistherefore need3d.On9April
1979,theCommission wasinvitedbytheCouncilofEnvironment
Ministers j
–toanalyse andcomparethepolicies ofthevarious Member
Statesforencouraging thedevelopment ofcleantechnologies
andtopreparerecommendations onthemosteffective waysof
supporting theauthorities inthatdevelopment ;

wi'3"bscti&cliiiolo::;!' "?ds^lopsd inthe
MemberStates s
topromotetheexchangeofknowledge onthesetechnologies
■betweenthe^©raberStates;
-toputforwardwithintheframework oftheCommunity's
environmental research programme ,proposals forstepping up
efforts oncleantechnology®
TheCommission willcontinuethesemeasuresinco-operation with
theindustries concerned .Moreoverparticular attention will "be
paidtomethodsofanalysing newtechnologies sothattheircosts
and"benefits can"beobjectively assessed .
TheCommission willsuggestsuitable measures onthe"basisofthe
resultsobtained.Thecreation ofsuitable financial instruments
wouldmakeitpossibletopromotethedevelopment ofclean
technologies .
V ACTION ATÎÏÎT'EKNÂTI OÎTALLEI'EL
3'*Act!021withininternati onalorganisations andagencies ,ana
cpreparatio nwithne/wnembercountries
Thenumberofenviroraeniproblems ofworld–widedimensions today
iscontinually increasing .Thisisdueeithertotheirverynature,
whichmayrequireaglobalsolution,ortothetrans–"boundary oiisr.-os
ofcertainformsofpollution ,ortotherepercussions whichsome
national measures canhaveontheinternational eoonosiyandontrade
flowso
TheCommunity hastherefore anobligation tocontinue aridintensifyitsinternational commitment "byplayingan.activeroleintaevarious
organisations responsible for-theg&neralcontentandpolicyof
international actionontheeavironraetti ,inordertohelpproduce
jointsolutions andtoseethatdueattentionispaidtothe
Community measuresinrespectoftheenvironment#
TheCoKEOunity willcontinuetospeakinthesebodieswitha.single
voice,xusingi©advent?g€-theinfluenceithasacquiredinother
areasofinternational co-operation .
;Moresne^ifloally ,itwillusethisinfluence toensurethatplana
:drawnwcattheinternati onallevel–suchasthoseoftheUnited
EnvironmentPrograsoie andtheWorldConservation Strategy'of
!theTJC2I~preactually implemented andthattheCommunity playsits
!partinThi."'process# Inparticular theCommission willinitiate
|meetings ?oxc,-pertefromtheMemberStatestogothroughtheWGS
isoastoidentifyareas,e.g.theproJ.ectionofthetropical raj.n~
iforest,Antarctica )endangered speciesetc.,wherefurther

-25-
international action "bytheCommunity ispossible anddesirable .
Inadditionitwillpromotethedevelopment ofinternational
legislation ontheenvironment .AsfaxastheLawoftheSea
isconcerned ,theCommission willoontinuetopressfor
environmental considerations to"betakenfullyintoaocount.
TheCommission willexaminethelegislation alreadyintroduced
"byseveral MemberStatesregarding deep-seabed miningandwill
ifnecessary makeproposals foraCommunity deep-seabed mining
regimewhichgivesproperweighttoenvironmental considerations
andtotheneedtosafeguard themarinewilderness .
Asregardsrelations inrespectoftheenvironment withnon-
membercountries ,theCommission willcontinue anddevelopthe
bilateral co-operation whichithaBbegunwithseveralcountries ,
intensifying theexchange ofinformation andexperience inareas
ofcommoninterest ;itwilltakepainstoensure,inparticular ,
thattheapplication ofenvironmental legislation inthose
countries doesnotcreateanynoi>-tariff barrierstotrade,or
throughthegranting ofaid,giverisetoanydistortion of
competition .
Furthermore ,forgeopolitical ,economic andoultural reasons,
theCommunity isdirectly affected bypollution anddevelopment
problems intheMediterranean region.Itisimperative ,
therefore ,thatitshouldmakeamoreeffective andspecificcontribution tothesoundmanagement ofresourcesinthatregion
and,tosolvingsuchproblems byintroducing anystepswhichit
feelsareappropriate undertheActionPlanfortheMediterranean
towhichitisasignatory .Itwillalsotakestepstoimprove
co-ordination onapproaching theproblems concerning theNorth
Sea.
TheCommunity willalsoensurethatpractical useismadeofthe
opportunities foractionconcerning theenvironment whiohspring
fromtheco-operation agreements withMediterranean countries and
fromtheEuro-Arab Dialogue.
Co-operation withthedeveloping countries onenvironmental matters
TheseoondenergyorisisaswellaBthedeteriorating situation of
thepoorestcountries havere-focussed international attention on
relations betweenindustrialised anddeveloping countries® This
wasaprominent topicattheOttawasummitandwillbethemain
focusataseriesofmajorinternational conferences ondevelopment
Ottowasummit,Nairobiconference onnewenergysources,Paris
meeting ontheleastdeveloped countries ,Cancunsummitonthe
Northp-Southdialogue .
Atthesametime,ithasbecomeolearthatenvironmental
protection isnotthepreserve ofindustrialised countries butan
essential congionent ofdevelopment .Awareness ofthecloselink
betweendevelopment andprotection oftheenvironment isgrowing :
highlighted bytheInterfutures Reportandth«workofUNagencies ,

-2β~
ithas 130011 restated intherecent report oftheIndependent
Commission onInternational Development ,among others .
Moreover ,more andmore governments andlending institutions
are gradually integrating the environmental dimension with their
aidprogrammes .
TheCommunity ,which hasalready taken account oftheenvironment /
development relationship inits .present environment aotlon
programme and also inthesecond Lome Convention and inthe
agreements with theMediterranean countries ,should henceforth
reg'itrd environmental protection asanintegral part ofitsaid to
development policy .Moreover ,"bysigning on1February 1980 ,
together with ei$it multilateral development institutions ,the
declaration ofenvironmental policies andprocedures relating
toeconomic development ,theCommunity recognised theimportance
ofenvironmental protection tothe success ofdevelopment policies
andundertook tomake itanobjective ofthe co-operation
programmes andprojects carried out tinder itBco-operation
agTeemants with developing countries .For itspart ,theEuropean
Parliament has adopted aresolution concerning compliance bythe
Community with theaims oftheWorld Conservation Strategy by
giving effect tothem within allitspolicies (1).
The seriousness oftheenvironmental position indeveloping
countries stems from thepressure ofpopulation ,often increasing ,
cnthe surroundings inthepoorest countries aswell asfrom unwise
use ofresources .Inaddition the creation ofmodern industries
oragricultural developments canresult innew threats tothe
environment resembling those found inindustrialised countries .
Tocontribute toresolving these problems ,theCommunity ,m
co-operating with developing countries should promote conditions
forlasting economic development which respects the inter­
dependence ofdevelopment ,environment ,population andresources .
TheCommunity will have regard toenvironmental problems both in
drawing upitsdevelopment policies and inimplementing theLome
Convention and other co-operation agreements .Under the
provisions ofthese agreements ,theCommunity will help these
countries totackle theenvironmental problems with which they are
faced andtoroctify existing damage ,aswell astomanage
efficiently theresources they possess .Itwill bespecially
recaptive torequests fortechnical assistance intraining
environmental specialists .
Thepriority aims will beconservation oftropical forests ,
desertification ,water management ,introduction ofagricultural
system and forme ofenergy-use which arecompatible with the
environment .Inorder toidentify asaccurately aspossible these
problems inthoareas particularly affected ,thereby helping to
realise theobjectives oftheWorld Conservation Strategy ,the
Coamission will actively support thedevelopment ofnational
conservation strategies inthedeveloping countries .Itwill p.?y
constant attention tothis aspect initsactivities under the
(1)Resolution of20May1980 ,OJN°C47of16.06.1980 ,p.27

-27-
Convention ofLomeandprovideappropriate financial and
technioal supporttothisend.Particular attention will "be
giventoeducation andinformation activities BOthatthe
developing countries will "beoomeabletoundertake thesetasks
"bythemselves infuture#
TheCommunity willcontinueitsactiontoencourage environmental
protection withininternational organisations andnegotiations
concerning development .