EUROPEAN COMMISSION 
Brussels, 12.12.2011 
SEC(2011) 1538 final 
  
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING PAPER 
Impact Assessment accompanying the Prop osal for a Regulation  of the European 
Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Border Surveillance System 
(EUROSUR) 
{COM(2011) 873 final} 
{SEC(2011) 1536 final} 
{SEC(2011) 1537 final}  
 
EN 2   EN Accompanying document to the 
PROPOSAL FOR A REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARL IAMENT AND OF 
THE COUNCIL ON 
Establishing the European Bord er Surveillance System (EUROSUR) 
  
 
ANNEXES  
 
    
ANNEXES overview 
 
ANNEX 1   EUROSUR documentation 
ANNEX 2   EUROSUR expert groups 
ANNEX 3   EUROSUR in scope/out of scope 
ANNEX 4   Cost estimates for National Coordination Centres 
ANNEX 5   Cost estimates for EUROSUR network 
ANNEX 6   Cost estimates for regional networks with third countries 
ANNEX 7   Cost estimates for the common application of surveillance tools 
ANNEX 8   List of abbreviations 
 
 
EN 3   EN ANNEX 1 
EUROSUR documentation 
This annex provides an overview and short summaries of the most  relevant EUROSUR 
documents, starting with horizontal documents a nd then followed by documents relevant for 
Steps 1 to 7 of the 2008 EUROSUR roadmap.  
ANNEX 1.1 :  Horizontal documents 
1. Legislation 
Title Schengen Borders Code 
Full title Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 of the Europe an Parliament and of the Council of 
15 March 2006 establishing a Community  Code on the rules governing the 
movement of persons across borders, OJ L 105 of 13.4.2006, 1.  
Excerpt Article 12 Border surveillance  
1. The main purpose of border surveillan ce shall be to prevent unauthorised border 
crossings, to counter cross-border criminality  and to take measure s against persons who 
have crossed the border illegally.  
2. The border guards shall use stationary  or mobile units to carry out border 
surveillance. That surveillance shall be ca rried out in such a way as to prevent and 
discourage persons from circumventing the checks at border crossing points.  
3. Surveillance between border crossing points shall be carried out by border guards whose numbers and methods shall be adapted to existing or foreseen risks and threats. 
It shall involve frequent and sudden changes to surveillance periods, so that 
unauthorised border crossings are always at risk of being detected.
 
4. Surveillance shall be carried out by sta tionary or mobile units which perform their 
duties by patrolling or stationing themselves at places known or perceived to be sensitive, the aim of such surveillance be ing to apprehend individuals crossing the 
border illegally. Surveillance may also be ca rried out by technical means, including 
electronic means.
 
5. Additional rules governing surveillance may be adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 33(2).
 
 
 
Title Updated EU Schengen Catalogue on Ex ternal borders control, Return and 
readmission 
Reference Council document 7864/09 SCH-EVAL 48 FRONT 21 COMIX 252 of 16.3.2009
RECOMMENDATIONS BEST PRACTICES 
4. Border surveillance  
4.1 Generally 
Border surveillance should be implemented in 
accordance with the Schengen  Border Code (SBC) and 
Schengen Handbook. Officers carrying out border surveillance have 
suitable uniforms made of materials adapted to the 
weather and climate conditions and sign or badges which identify them as border guards.  
Border surveillance should be assessed using two key 
parameters which are situational awareness and  
The border is kept under constant monitoring. 
 
EN 4   EN reaction capability.  
− Situational awareness measures the level at 
which the units can detect ongoing or already accomplished unlawful bo rder crossings (or 
smuggling activities) throughout the relevant 
planning period. This shows the requirements at tactical level (monitoring times and areas, 
detection rate, identification methods and 
profiling of targets). Also, the number and 
direction of patrols along blue and green 
borders is relevant. 
− Reaction capability measures the level at 
which the units are able to react by 
apprehending and searching any persons detected or investigating suspected illegal 
activity throughout the planning period. This 
shows the requirements at tactical level (density and equipment of patrols, density and 
readiness of special intervention units, 
availability of aircraft and helicopters etc). 
Based on risk analysis, suitably equipped patrols (land, 
sea, airborne) should be kept in readiness for pursuit, 
apprehension and/or control of detected movements and arriving or departing transportations. Tactical surveillance centres active 24/7, monitoring 
the border or sea area through surveillance equipment 
and patrols. The centre activ ely refers information on 
movements to intelligence officers (risk indicators, 
registers) and analyses the nature of movements in 
order to discover anomalies. Random controls are also carried out. 
 
Constant readiness of patrols. The tactical surveillance centre is competent to send out patrols 
immediately. 
Functional communications between patrols, vessels, aircraft and command/control centres. Use of TETRA standard radios or other encrypted 
ways of communication. 
Activities in the area of responsibility are supported by 
mobile control equipment.   Mobile patrols/vessels have on-line access to 
databases and examples of travel documents (visas, 
border stamps information, etc)  
Mobile patrols/vessels have some equipment to check travel documents (UV, magnifying glass at least 10 x 
or mono microscope with variable zoom). 
4.2. Land borders 
Illegal immigrants crossing the border should be 
detected with adequate efficiency.  Border surveillance and apprehension of illegal 
immigrants should be carried out with mobile and 
fixed patrols supported by technical means: 
− patrols moving by car, motorcycles, snow 
scooters, all-terrain vehicles, horses etc. 
− night vision devises and thermal cameras 
− fixed camera and sensor alarm systems 
− portable infrared alarm/camera and other 
sensor systems 
− sniffer dogs in forest areas 
− motor boats at lakes and rivers  
 Helicopters and fixed wing aircrafts carry out 
surveillance and support patrols on the ground.  
 
Surveillance resources should be concentrated in high-risk areas in accordance with risk analysis. Border area is divided into sectors/sections. The 
period of surveillance of each  sector depends on risk 
analysis. 
Border near the BCPs should be kept under 
supervision in order to detect person attempting to skirt around the BCP.  Border close to BCP is monitored by cameras and/or 
an alarm system.   
The response times required to start tracing illegal 
border crossers in each border sector should be defined 
(based on risk analysis). Mobile units, fast response teams, helicopters, motor 
boats, sniffer dogs etc. 
Plans drafted in advance, including manned points, 
for tracing illegal border crossers in different border 
sectors/sections.  
Cooperation of border guards with the local Cons tant contacts with local population and relevant 
 
EN 5   EN population.  authorities.  
During their shifts; border patrols and leaders keep 
up regular contacts with local residents.  
Collection of all relevant evidence to prove illegal crossing of the State border in order to readmit third-
country nationals.  Fixed practices of gathering evidence regarding 
illegal border crossing, in accordance with bilateral 
or EC Readmission Agreements.  
4.3. Maritime borders 
There should be coastal surveillance system backed up 
by a network of coastguard stations in readiness for rapid reaction. The system should be supported by an 
offshore element; offshore patrol vessels, helicopters, 
fixed wing aircraft and other means. 
 Integrated surveillance system and common maritime 
situation picture with all relevant authorities (border guard, naval authorities, navy, coastguard etc.). All 
data are recorded and stored  for at appropriate time. 
Situation is monitored in adequate number of 
command/control centres. Situation picture is 
composed of information from radars, offshore patrol vessels (OPV), camera surveillance systems, 
helicopters and fixed wing aircraft. 
All vessels coming into territorial waters should be 
detected and identified. Identifications (names of vessels) should be checked against background 
information on risk vessels.  
 Use of AIS (Automatic Identification System), 
VTMS (Community Vessel Traffic Management System), VMS (Vessel Monitoring System for 
fisheries), V-RMTC (Virtual Regional Maritime 
Traffic Centre) and SSN (SafeSeaNet). 
Arriving vessels should be assessed in accordance with risk analysis.  Assessment is carried out in regional/tactical 
command/coordination centres by crime intelligence 
officers. 
If necessary, checked vessels should be intercepted by 
border guards at sea. Nece ssary coercive measures are 
carried out. OPVs, coastal patrol vessels (CPV) or patrol boats 
(CPB) from coastguard stations. 
There should be necessary measures to prevent 
unauthorized access to the port facility, ships moored, 
and to restricted areas.  
 
 
Title Frontex guidelines on sea border operations  
Full title Council Decision 2010/252/EU of 26 Ap ril 2010 supplementing the Schengen 
Borders Code as regards the surveillance of the sea external borders in the context of operational cooperation coor dinated by the European Agency for the 
Management of Operational Cooperati on at the External Borders of the 
Member States of the European Union, OJ L 111 of 4 May 2010, 20.  
Abstract Council Decision 2010/252/EU establishes rul es for the surveillance of sea borders 
(Part I of Annex - binding) and it sets out gui delines for search and rescue situations 
and for disembarkation (Part II of Annex – non-binding) within the context of sea 
border operations coordi nated by Frontex.  
According to Article 1 of this Council Decision both the rules and the non-binding 
guidelines should form part of the oper ational plan for each sea border operation 
coordinated by Frontex.  
Part I of the Annex contains general prin ciples including the protection of fundamental 
rights and the principle of non-refoulement . It also lays down rules on the interception 
measures which may be taken with regard to ships suspected of carrying irregular 
migrants.  
Part II sets out the duty under international ma ritime law to render assistance to persons 
in distress at sea and it contains guidelines as to how this duty may be implemented 
during a sea border operation coordinated by Fr ontex. Part II of the Annex also sets out 
modalities of disembarkation which need to be included in the operational plan.   
 
 
EN 6   EN Title: Frontex Amendment 
Full title (Draft) Regulation of the European  Parliament and the Council amending 
Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 establishing FRONTEX 
Abstract The agreed compromise text c an be summarised as following:  
Creation of European border guard teams  
The provisions on the Rapid Border Intervention Teams and the joint support teams 
(joint operations, pilot projects) are becoming part of one set of provisions under the 
heading: European Border Guard Teams.  The European Border Guard Teams will 
consist of national border guards assigned or even seconded by Member States to the 
agency for joint operations, rapid interventions and pilot projects.  
Fundamental rights  
The visibility of fundamental rights obligati ons and references to various international 
law instruments is increased:  
- In case of a breach of human rights, Frontex missions shall be suspended or 
terminated in whole or in part.  
- The office of a Fundamental Rights Officer will be created in the Agency to assist 
in matters having implications for fundamental rights.  
- A Consultative Forum on Fundamental Rights will be created also involving 
relevant international organisations and NGOs.  
- A Code of Conduct will be established to guarantee respect for fundamental rights.  
- Frontex-funded return operations will be monitored observing objective and 
transparent criteria. The Commission sh all draw up an annual report on the 
monitoring.  
- The tasks of the Agency will include po ssible assistance to Member States in 
situations that may involve humanitarian emergencies and rescue at sea  
- Fundamental rights are included in the training curricula of Frontex personnel and 
border guards participating in Frontex operations.  
Strengthening of the operational capacity  
The putting at the disposal of the Agency of human and technical resources is further 
developed, as well as the creation of the possi bility for the Agency to acquire or lease 
its own technical equipment. This is achieved by:  
- a quasi compulsory mechanism for technical and human resources i.e. once 
Member States agree on assigning their national border guards or even seconding 
them to the Agency or put technical equipment in the pool at the disposal of the Agency, they will be legally bound to honour their commitments. 
 
- the agreed change that Frontex may pur chase, lease, own and co-own its own 
technical assets.  
Frontex will also have the mandate to process personal data  obtained during 
operations to use them in the fight against criminality, human trafficking and irregular 
immigration. Data may also be transmitted to Europol, albeit, on a case-by-case basis.  
The cooperation with relevant authorities of third countries  is enhanced. The basis 
remains the conclusion of a working arra ngement with the competent authorities 
regarding border control of a third country. The Agency will have the possibility to provide technical assistance to relevant third countries to increase the level of 
cooperation.
 
Regarding training , an Erasmus-style exchange pr ogramme for national border guards 
will be created.  
 
EN 7   EN 2. Commission 
Title 2008 EUROSUR roadmap 
Full title Communication examining the creation of a European Border Surveillance 
System (EUROSUR), COM(2008)68 fi nal of 13 February 2008 (12 pages). 
Abstract Proposal of the Commission to establish EUROSUR in 3 phases, consisting of 
8 separate, but interlinked steps, ranging from the setting up of national coordination 
centres to the creation of a common information sharing environment for the EU maritime domain. The document identifies the 3 main objectives (reducing irregular 
migration and loss of migrants at sea; comb ating cross-border crime). Then it presents a 
general concept how to impr ove situational awareness a nd reaction capability of border 
control authorities, followed by a detaile d presentation of the different steps. 
A preliminary timetable for making EU ROSUR operational by 2013 is annexed.
 
 
Title 2008 EUROSUR impact assessment 
Full title Impact assessment accompany ing the Communication exa mining the creation of 
EUROSUR, SEC(2008)151 of 13.2.2008 (97 pages). 
Abstract In the impact assessment the following policy options had been identified: 
1) A status quo policy option involving no new actions. 
2) This option includes four different actions focusing on interlinking and 
streamlining existing surveillance systems a nd mechanisms at Member States level. 
3) This option comprises the actions listed in  option 2 plus four additional actions, 
which promote the development and implementation of common tools and 
applications for border surveillance at EU level. 
4) This option consists of all actions liste d in options 2 and 3 plus one additional 
action, aiming at the creation of a common information sharing environment for the maritime domain. 
It was concluded that the preferred polic y actions are steps 1 to 7 as proposed under 
policy options 2, 3 and 4, forming a roadmap for the development of EUROSUR.
 
 
Title 2009 EUROSUR progress report 
Full title Report on progress made in developing EUROSUR, Commission staff working 
paper, SEC(2009)1265final of 24 September 2009 (11 pages). 
Abstract This document summarizes the progress made in developing EUROSUR from February 
2008 until July 2009. For each step identif ied in the 2008 EUROSUR roadmap, it lists 
the objectives and measures taking during th e reporting period (e.g. programming of 
External Borders Fund and FP7 for EURO SUR, establishment of expert groups, 
implementation of EUROSUR technical study) and identifies the next measures to be 
taken (Frontex' assessments, pilot project for the EUROSUR network).  
 
Title 2010 EUROSUR progress report 
Full title Commission staff working paper determin ing the technical and operational 
framework of EUROSUR and the actions to  be taken for its establishment, 
SEC(2011)145 final of 28 January 2011 (11 pages). 
Abstract Like in the 2009 progress report, this document summarizes the progress made under 
each of the 8 steps of the 2008 EUROSUR roadmap between August 2009 and October 
2010. In addition, it identifies the technical and operational framework of EUROSUR and the short-term and long-term actions to be taken for its establishment, including the 
Commission's intention to table a legislative proposal at the end of 2011.
 
 
EN 8   EN 3. Council 
Title Council Conclusions of 5-6 June 2008 
Full title Council Conclusions on the management of the externa l borders of the member 
states of the European Union ; 2873rd Justice and Home Affairs Council meeting ; 
Luxembourg, 5 and 6 June 2008. 
Excerpts The Council […] Regarding EUROSUR  
21. Welcomes the progress made on the devel opment of the European Patrols Network 
based on the MEDSEA and BORTEC studies undertaken by FRONTEX.  
22. Welcomes the Commission's intention to launch, in 2008, the work on elaborating 
guidelines, together with the Member Stat es, for the tasks of and the cooperation 
between the national coordination centres and FRONTEX.  
23. Encourages the Commission to launch immediately a study concerning the key 
components of the EUROSUR concept, and to analyse concepts of the common 
application of the surveillance tools a nd satellites on reliable basis, financial 
consequences for the introduction of such a system and an assessment to the border 
surveillance infrastructure in selected third c ountries on the basis of an evaluation to be 
carried out by FRONTEX.  
24. Invites the Commission to give priority in the programming of the 7th Framework 
Programme for research and development (secu rity and space themes) to improving the 
performance and use of surveillance tools.  
25. Requests FRONTEX to participate in th e development of the EUROSUR concept, 
within its existing mandate, including by taking forward the studies referred to in the 
Commission's Communication on examining the creation of EUROSUR.  
26. Requests the Commission to report back to the Council in the first half of 2009 on 
progress made in developing EUROSUR on the basis of the preparatory works carried 
out, in close cooperation with the Member States and FRONTEX, including with regard 
to the study to be launched by the Commission concerning the key components of the 
EUROSUR concept.  
 
Title Stockholm Programme 
Full title The Stockholm Programme- An open and s ecure Europe serving and protecting 
citizens (2010/C 115/01 of 4.5.2010). Compare also Commission 
Communication titled "Delivering an area of freedom, security and justice for 
Europe's citizens – Action Plan im plementing the Stockholm Programme" 
(COM(2010)171final of 20.4.2010) 
Excerpt The European Council looks forward to th e continued phased development of the 
European Border Surveillance System (Eurosur) in the Southern and Eastern borders, 
with a view to putting in place a system using modern technologies and supporting 
Member States, promoting interoperability and uniform border surveillance standards and to ensuring that the necessary coopera tion is established between the Member 
States and with Frontex to share necessary surveillance data without delay. This 
development should take into account the work in other relevant areas of the Integrated 
Maritime Policy for the European Union as well as being able in the medium term to 
allow for cooperation with third countr ies. The European Council invites the 
Commission to make the necessary proposals to achieve these objectives. 
 
 
 
 
EN 9   EN Title Council Conclusions of 25-26 February 2010 
Full title Council Conclusions on 29 measures for reinforcing the protection of the 
external borders and combati ng illegal immigration; Justice and Home Affairs 
meeting, 25-26 February 2010 
Excerpts The Council has agreed:  
4. To improve operational cooperation with th ird countries of origin and transit, in 
order to improve joint patrolling on land and at sea, upon consent of the Member State 
concerned, return, and collection and excha nge of relevant information within the 
applicable legal framework, and other eff ective preventive measures in the field of 
border management and illegal immigration.  
10. To call on the Member States to impl ement the phases and steps laid down for the 
development of EUROSUR as soon as possible,  in order to reinforce cooperation and 
Member States' border surveillance capab ilities. The Council invites the European 
Commission to report on EUROSUR progress on mid-2010.  
11. To urge relevant Member States to est ablish or further develop a single national 
border surveillance system and a single national Coordination Centre. A network of 
national Coordination Centres, compatible  with the FRONTEX Information System, 
and available on a 24/7 basis in real time, should be fully operational on a pilot basis as 
of 2011, involving as many Member States of the southern and eastern external borders 
as possible. The Commission is invited to pr esent legislative proposals if necessary to 
consolidate the network of Member States by 2013.  
12. To create a Common pre-frontier intelligence picture in order to provide the 
Coordination Centres with pre-frontier in formation provided by Member States, 
Frontex and third countries. To this end, the Council invites Frontex, in close cooperation with the Commission and the Member States to take the necessary 
measures to implement the study carried out by the Commission in 2009.
 
13. To encourage cooperation by neighbouring third countries in border surveillance. It 
is essential that within the territorial scope  of EUROSUR and in the current financial 
framework, financial and logistic support from the European Union and its Member 
States be made available to the third countries whose cooperation could significantly 
contribute to controlling illegal immigration flows, in order to improve their capacity to 
manage their own borders.  
14. To invite the Commission to report befo re the end of 2010 on how the conclusions 
of the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) border surveillance 
group on common application of surveillan ce tools, such as satellites, could be 
implemented in the EU land and sea borders.  
17. To request Frontex and the Member States concerned to further develop the 
European Patrols Network (EPN) in order to generalize bilateral joint maritime patrols, 
in particular between neighbouring Member St ates at the southern and eastern maritime 
borders, taking into account the experience ga ined on joint police patrols in the context 
of the Prüm Decision, and to ensure the full integration of the EPN in the EUROSUR 
network.  
18. To encourage Member States to optimise the use of the Europ ean External Borders 
Fund annual programmes for the period 2007-201 3 to improve the capabilities of their 
border guards and the development of EURO SUR, including through the creation and 
development of the single national coordina tion centres, and considering the specific 
situation of the Member States.  
 
 
 
EN 10   EN Title Council conclusions of June 2011  
Full title European Council conclusions of 23 and 24 June 2011 
Excerpts Responsibility for the control and surveillan ce of the external borders lies with the 
Member States which, in performing this function, are also acting in the common 
interest of all Member States. In order to ensure that Europe's external borders are 
effectively managed and that the same st andards apply everywhere, all relevant 
instruments must be used in an optimal manner and be adapted where necessary. The 
European Border Surveillance System  will be further developed as a matter of priority 
in order to become operational by 2013 a nd allow Member States' authorities carrying 
out border surveillance activities to sh are operational information and improve 
cooperation.  
4. Frontex 
Title MEDSEA study 
Full title MEDSEA feasibility study of 14 Ju ly 2006 on the Mediterranean Coastal 
Patrols Network; prepared by Fr ontex (99  pages). EU Restricted. 
Abstract The MEDSEA study on the reinforcement of  monitoring and surveillance of the 
southern maritime borders of Member States examines the facilitation of a 
unified and cost effective cooperatio n between Member States and third 
countries, and the possibility of establis hing national coordination centres and a 
network for cooperation and coordination between authorities  involved in sea 
border surveillance.  
 
Title BORTEC study 
Full title Study on technical feasibility of esta blishing a surveillance system (European 
Surveillance System), Warsaw, presented by FRONTEX on 12 January 2007 (106  pages). EU Confidential. 
Abstract The BORTEC study, which examines the te chnical viability of  estabilishing a 
surveillance system covering the whole southern maritime border of Member 
States, describes the maritime areas which need to be covered, the targets and threats to be detected and the systems, technologies and tools to carry out the 
surveillance.  
 
 
EN 11   EN ANNEX 1.2 : National coordination centres (Step 1) 
1. Legislation 
Title EBF Strategic Guidelines  
Full title Decision of 27.8.2007 implementing Decisi on No 574/2007/EC of the European 
Parliament and of the Council as regards  the adoption of stra tegic guidelines 
for the External Borders Fund for 2007 to 2013, OJ L233/3 of 5.9.2007. 
Excerpt PRIORITY 2: support for the development and implementation of the national 
components of a European Surveillance S ystem for the external borders and of a 
permanent European Patrol Network at th e southern maritime borders of the EU 
Member States1 
This could also include upgrading surveilla nce systems to locate and identify vehicles, 
boats and aircrafts correctly.  
Within this priority, the Co mmunity contribution may be increased to 75 % for projects 
addressing the following specific priorities:  
(1) investments in establishing or upgrading a single national coordination centre , 
which coordinates 24/7 the activities of all national authorities carrying out external 
border control tasks (detection, identification,  and intervention) and which is able to 
exchange information with the national c oordination centres in other Member States;  
(2) investments in establishing or upgrading a single national surveillance system , 
which covers all or selected parts of the external border and enables the dissemination 
of information 24/7 between all authorit ies involved in external border control;  
(3) purchase and/or upgrading of equipment  for detection, identification and 
intervention at the borders (e.g. vehicles, v essels, aircraft, helicopters, sensors, cameras, 
etc.), provided the need for this equipment h as been clearly identified at European level.
2. Commission 
Title: Summary of Member States' replies to 2008 questionnaire 
Full title: Summary of Member States' replies to  questionnaires concerning Steps 1 and 2, 
REV2, 18.11.2008 (37 pages). Document presented/discussed in EUROSUR Member States' expert group. EU government use only. 
Abstract: Based on detailed Commission questionnaires, 23 Member States provided replies on 
national border surveillance infrastructure, communication systems and the use of surveillance tools (EUROSUR Steps 1, 2 and 5), including 
 
o description of main scenarios and tasks of border control authorities,  
o National land/maritime border surv eillance – status quo and plans;  
o Positions on what is bei ng/should be done by NCCs;  
o Collection, fusion, analysis and dissem ination of information in operational 
pictures.  
The summary document provides an overview of the status quo in the Member States 
with regard to border surveillance and planning until 2013. The main findings are:  
o While land border surveillance is carried out by border guards, many different 
authorities (e.g. navies) are involved in maritime border surveillance.  
                                                 
1 A 2010 internal evaluation of the 2007-2009 annual programmes has shown that about 45% of the EBF 
funding is being spen t for Priority 2. 
 
 
EN 12   EN o All 18 MS concerned will upgrade/extent their border surveillance systems until 
2013, with considerable investments.  
o NCC needs no detailed information, but only generic picture.  
o Currently big differences between NCCs on extent of information collection.  
o Whenever NCCs do data analysis , they also include intelligence.  
o Currently, only a few NCCs have a common situational picture.  
o All NCCs coordinate surveillance activiti es, but only a few have C2 functions.  
o Majority of MS think NCCs s hould have ISR and NEC functions.  
The main findings concerning Step 2 (EUROSUR network) are:  
o Member States have secured their national communication systems, but 
communication channels with 3rd countries are in an early phase.  
o Input on which information should be ex changed between neighbouring NCCs, all 
NCCs as well as with Frontex  (compare EUROSUR guidelines).  
 
Title: 2010 EUROSUR guidelines 
Full title: REV1 version of 23.11.2010 with 69 recommendations (17 pages). Elaborated 
on the basis of the "Discussion paper on tasks of and the cooperation between 
NCCs" (REV2, 10.3.2009). Document /pre sented/discussed in EUROSUR 
Member States' expert group. 
Abstract: The guidelines, which serve as a t ool to consult Member States on the main 
elements of the 2011 legislative prop osal , are structured as follows: 
o Objective and scope  of EUROSUR 
o Technical framework : Definitions and requirements for national 
coordination centres, national border su rveillance system, Frontex and the 
EUROSUR network 
o Operational framework 
9 Situational awareness:  Definitions of the national and European 
situational pictures and the comm on pre-frontier intelligence picture 
9 Information management:  General principles and definition of 
information exchange categories be tween neighbouring and all national 
coordination centres as well as with FRONTEX. 
9 Reaction capability  
o Common provisions on role of local, regional and other centres and on 
information exchange with neighbouring third countries 
 
Title: EUROSUR Management concept 
Full title: Prepared by an external contractor as  part of the EUROSU R technical study.2 
ESG doc. 1JLS-BT-0012, 19.1.2010, Version 03.03 of 18.2.2010 (133 pages). Document presented/discussed in EU ROSUR Member States' expert group. 
Abstract: This concept contains a mode l for the overall management of border 
surveillance activitie s and information, covering situ ational awareness, reaction 
capability and effect measurement at tact ical, operational and strategic level.  
It interlinks the different tool s developed under Steps 1, 2 and 6  (NCCs, 
network, CPIP) and contains a detailed definition of the local situational 
                                                 
2 Technical study on developing concepts for border  surveillance infrastructure, a secure communication 
network and a pre-frontier intelligence picture within the framework of a EUROSUR (EUROSUR 
technical study). Main contractor: ESG. Subc ontractors: EADS, SELEX, Thales. Consultants: 
SECUNET, University of the German Federal Army. Budget: M€ 1, 8. The study was funded under the 
External Borders Fund. 
 
EN 13   EN picture/SP (LCC), the national SP (NCC), the European SP and the CPIP 
(Frontex). It contains a thorough descri ption of roles and tasks of LCCs and 
NCCs, including how NCCs should attribute 3 impact (threat) levels to border 
sections (green – low impact, orange – medium impact, red – high impact). It 
also contains a description for the re action capability management model.  
The concept serves as a major input for the revised EUROSUR guidelines. 
 
Title: EUROSUR technical concepts for nati onal surveillance systems and NCCs 
Reference: Prepared by an external contractor as part of the EUROSUR technical study. 
ESG doc. 1JLS-BT-0011, 19.1.2010, Version 01.01 (230 pages). Document 
presented/discussed in the EUROSUR Me mber States' expert group. Partly for 
EU government use only. 
Abstract: The technical concepts should serve as cost-effective and manufacturer 
independent design tool respectively as minimum/optimum requirements for 
Member States when extending/upgradi ng their national border surveillance 
systems and setting up their NCCs. In pa rticular, they should enable a national 
planning authority to divi de its border area into phenotypical border segments , 
evaluate the types of system segments  needed, select the available modules 
from the library and tailor them to its needs before tendering ( tool box ).  
For this purpose, 33 rele vant border segments – a part of the border with 
similar terrain conditions - have been id entified and the basi c technical details 
and cost estimates elaborated.  
Discussions in the EUROSUR Member St ates' expert group have shown that 
the technical concepts developed by the ex ternal contractor (industry) are not 
specific enough to be used as bind ing technical requirements for border 
surveillance. 
 
Title: Summary of Member States' comments to EUROSUR concepts 
Reference: Summary of comments from Member States  on the different concepts for Steps 
1, 2, 5 and 6 of the EUROSUR road map, 30.10.2009 (31 pages). Document 
presented/discussed in EUROSUR Member States' expert group. For EU government use only. 
Abstract: Document lists in its five annexes deta iled comments from Member States and 
Frontex with regard to: 
• Annex 1 – General comments 
• Annex 2 – Comments on the technical bor der surveillance concepts (Step 1) 
• Annex 3 – Comments on the EUROSUR network (Step 2) 
• Annex 4 – Comments on the GMES concept paper (Step 5) 
• Annex 5 – Comments on the CPIP (Step 6) 
 
EN 14   EN 3. Frontex 
Title: Frontex situation centre (FSC) business concept 
Full title: 22 April 2008, 46 pages. For internal use only. 
Abstract: The business concept describes the lega l and security framework of the FSC, 
defines its mission, business functions, objec tives, tasks, products, services and 
roles and identifies potential customers and suppliers, including information flows and business processes.  
 
Title: Assessment of the EU external borders in light of EUROSUR 
Full title: Frontex, Assessment of the EU external borders of the Member States in the 
light of EUROSUR development, October 2009 (36 pages). Document presented/discussed in EUROSUR Member  States' expert group. EU Restricted. 
Abstract: Risk assessment  determining those part s of the external bor ders to be covered 
by a (stationary) surveillance system, including a comparison of this assessment 
with the plans presented by the Member States in the context of the EBF. 
As outcome of the risk assessment, six Member States with maritime borders 
(Greece, Italy, Spain, Malta, Cyprus, Bulg aria) and seven Member States with 
land borders (Greece, Bulgaria, Spain,  Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Romania) 
would benefit from setting up permanent su rveillance systems in certain areas. 
These areas include:  
o Maritime borders:  Greek maritime borders in Aegean and Mediterranean 
Sea, Italian islands of Sicily, Sard inia and Pelagic Islands (Lampedusa, 
Linosa and Lampione), Spanish coast be tween Alicante and Cadiz, Canary 
Islands, entire coast of Malta, southern  coast of Cyprus, entire Black Sea 
coast of Bulgaria and Romania. 
o Land borders:  Greek land borders with Al bania, FYROM and Turkey; land 
border between Bulgaria and Turkey; Hungarian land border with Serbia; 
all MS land borders with Ukrain e (Poland, Hungary, Romania and 
Slovakia). 
A (brief) analysis of the MS plans  for the EBF has shown that they match to a 
very large extent with the risk assess ment. A few border sections have been 
identified (e.g. northern maritime border between Greece and Turkey) with 
would benefit from further improvements. 
Furthermore, border sections have be en identified for which MS have 
implemented or plan surveillance systems not needed according to the risk assessment (at least as far as illega l migration is concerned; however, 
surveillance might be needed for othe r purposes, e.g. narcotics trafficking). 
 
EN 15   EN ANNEX 1.3 :  EUROSUR network (Step 2) 
1. Commission 
Title: EUROSUR network architecture 
Reference: Prepared by an external contractor as part of the EUROSUR technical study. 
ESG doc. 1JLS-BT-0021, 19.1.2010, Version 2.0 (78 pages). Document presented/discussed in the EUROSUR Me mber States' expert group. Partly for 
EU government use only. 
Abstract: The EUROSUR network architecture fores ees that connecting the NCCs can be 
started with minimum effort and invest ments and extended in increments, i.e. 
after basic installation steps the netw ork can be extended to further NCCs, 
higher security levels etc. The info rmation exchange requirements (IER) 
between different NCC types and FRONTEX have been defined.  
The following requirements have been covered: 24/7 close-to-real time 
communication, audio and video confer ence channels, secure handling of 
classified information, bilateral and multilateral information dissemination.  
Thus the network will provide four major functionalities: Communication, 
information sharing, coordination, ex change of situational pictures. 
While the concept was initially based on using S-TESTA as the transportation 
layer, following the failure of nego tiations with the S-TESTA framework 
contractor it has been adapted to the in ternet solution with encryption devices. 
 
Title: EUROSUR network IT Security Framework 
Reference: Prepared by an external contractor as part of the EUROSUR technical study. 
ESG doc. 1JLS-BT-0021, 19.1.2010, Version 2.0 (78 pages). Document presented/discussed in the EUROSUR Me mber States' expert group. Partly for 
EU government use only. 
Abstract: This concept shows aspects to be co nsidered when upgrading the EUROSUR 
network to a classification level higher than EU RESTRICTED.  
Frontex must be able to obtain for the ESP and CPIP researchable overviews of 
information managed by the NCCs in th e NSPs without directly receiving 
specific details and while guaranteeing national security re gulations of the 
NCCs. Detailed security-relevant information must be made accessible while ensuring that data is separated and securely verified (need-to-share 
requirement).  
The requirements described in this  document represent the minimum 
requirements that all NCCs and Frontex mu st fulfil so that information can be 
exchanged in the network. It includes only the basic design guidelines for 
creating secure procedures for exch anging and verifying information.  
A detailed specification of the actual architecture, processes and security 
components is carried in the Frontex -led pilot project for the EUROSUR 
network (see below). 
 
 
EN 16   EN  
Title: Specifications for  and results of "mini-pilot" on EUROSUR network 
Reference: Prepared by an external contractor as part of the EUROSUR technical study. 
Specifications: ESG doc. 1JLS -SK-0032, 12.11.2009 Version 1.3 (28 pages).  
Summary of results: ESG, 9.12.2009 Version 1.0 (185 pages). Documents presented/discussed in EUROSUR Member  States' expert gro up. Partly for EU 
government use only. 
Abstract: During the EUROSUR technical study, a “mini-pilot” was carried out with 
Finland, Poland and Slovakia (for land bor ders) as well as with France, Italy 
and Spain (for maritime borders) in November 2009 to test in test beds 
provided by industry possible applicati ons for the EUROSUR network and the 
CPIP. Another 9 MS followed the dem o. The following scenarios elaborated by 
MS were tested in test beds provide d by industry in Warsaw/Frontex (ESG), 
Rome (SELEX) and Toulouse (THALES): 
1) Cross-border crime across the gr een border (terrorist strike) 
2) Irregular migration across the green border (Chechen woman) 
3) Irregular migration and search & rescue across the maritime domain 
(Central Mediterranean) 
2. Frontex 
Title: Specifications for "big-pilot" on EUROSUR network 
Full title: Frontex, EUROSUR pilot project – Terms of reference (Annex II, 24 pages). 
Document presented/discussed in EUROSUR pilot subgroup. 
Abstract: Coordinated and funded by Frontex, the sa me six Member States participating 
in the "mini-pilot" were preparing in the EUROSUR pilot subgroup the “big 
pilot” launched in November 2010. The “big pilot” will be extended from 6 to 
18 Member States in 2012. The pilot project consists of four phases: 
1. Firm Phase I  consists of the establishment of ‘information trade’ 
agreements and the drafting of information exchange models to materialize those exchanges. Information to be  exchanged and preliminary ideas on 
data exchange structures will be defined by the EUROSUR pilot project subgroup. These initial ideas should be enhanced and extended by the 
contractor and used to define the S OA Architecture, the Service Bus and its 
supporting Security Schema. 
2. Optional Phase II  consisting of the defi nition, implementation, and 
validation of a First core EUROSU R node. The node should be set up in 
Frontex premises and should include basic Geographic Information System 
to present and exploit the information contained in the node database. 
3. Optional Phase III  consisting of the replication of the already validated First 
Node in each of the participant N CCs (ES, FI, FR, IT, PL, SK), the 
deployment of the Service Bus with it s corresponding security schema, and 
the deployment and testing of the Web Services Interface. 
4. Optional Phase IV  consisting of the enhancement and extension of the SOA 
and Visualization interfaces to cope with new users’ requirements which 
may be agreed until the end of the contracting period. 
 
 
EN 17   EN Title: EUROSUR data model 
Full title: Frontex, Incident/Event Catalogue and some  aspects of the visualisation policy 
for the EUROSUR big pilot project. Working draft of 1.10.2010 (21 pages). 
Document presented/discussed in EUROSUR pilot subgroup. 
Abstract: In order to support extensible ‘information trade’ between NCCs and Frontex in the 
pilot project on the EUROSUR network, a basic Geographical Information System 
(GIS) will be put in place in each node, wh ich supports: (a) st oring, (b) managing, 
(c) sharing, (d) searching, and (e) visually representing geographically referenced 
information. This document presents a draft proposal of incident/event types and 
their description, which are related to border security and on which the 
participating nodes could share information. 
In Section 2 an event type hierarchy accompanied by corresponding icons for 
visualization is presented. Subsequently, Section 3 includes some details regarding 
incident/event description templates. Finally, in Section 4 some aspects of 
visualization policy relevant in the context of implementing the basic Geographical 
Information System are addressed.  
 
ANNEX 1.4 :  Cooperation with neighbouring third countries (Step 3) 
 
Title: Assessment of third countries in  the light of the EUROSUR  
Full title: Frontex, Assessment of third countri es in the light of the EUROSUR 
development, November 2009 (72 pages). Document presented/discussed in 
EUROSUR Member States' ex pert group. EU Restricted. 
Abstract: In 2009, Frontex missions took place to Senegal and Moldova, whereas Tunisia 
declined a on-the-spot visit. 
o In Senegal , existing equipment for border surveillance is basic and border 
controls are hampered by lack of te chnical infrastructu re and lack of 
funding for maintenance and running cost s. The most needed equipment is 
for the maritime surveillance sector, including a patrol boat on the model of 
the Spanish boat deployed in Senega l in the framework of SEAHORSE.  
o In Tunisia , various types of equipment for maritime and land border 
surveillance are needed. 
o Substantial assistance has already been  delivered to the border guards of 
Moldova through the EUBAM programme. A specific need concerns 
surveillance towers along the border with Romania that would facilitate 
detections. Moldova also expressed n eed for equipment at border crossing 
points where most of illegal migration to the EU takes place. 
 
 
EN 18   EN ANNEX 1.5 : Research and Development (Step 4) 
The 7 th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development  (FP7; B€ 50,5 
for 2007-2013) consists of five specific programmes  (cooperation, ideas, people, capacities, 
nuclear research). The cooperation  represents 2/3 of the budget (B€ 32,4) and is carried out in 
ten key thematic areas, of which two ( space  and security  themes) are relevant for EUROSUR.  
The Security Theme  (B€ 1,4) has an exclusively civ il application fo cus with four security 
missions  (security of citizens, security of infrastructures and utilities, intelligent surveillance 
and border security , restoring security in case of crisis) and three cross-cutting missions  
(security systems integration, in terconnectivity and interoperabi lity; security and society; 
security research coordination and structuring). Research is done via capability  (2-4 years, 
FP7 funding up to M€ 3,5),  integration  (4 years, over M€ 3,5) and demonstration projects  
(5 years, over M€ 20). With the exception of  demonstration projects, FP7 funding can be 
increased from usually 50% to up to 75% in cases with "very limited market size and a risk of 
market failure, and for accelerated equipmen t development in response to new threats". 
A number of border surveill ance projects such as AMASS,  GLOBE,  OPERAMAR,  TALOS  
and WIMASS  started to deliver first results whic h shall be taken into account when 
developing EUROSUR. Furt her relevant projects have been launched just recently, such as 
OPARUS,  and specifically on maritime bor der surveillance SEABILLA, I2C  and PERSEUS. 
AMASS  stands for "Autonomous MAritime Surveillan ce System", proposing an array of autonomous, 
automated surveillance platforms with sensors. The project started on 1 March 2008 and lasts for 42 months. 
It has a budget of M€ 4, 9. 
GLOBE  stands for "GLObal Border Environment", proposing a comprehensive framework for integrated 
border management. The project started on 1 July 2008 and lasted one year. It had a budget of almost M€ 1. 
OPERAMAR  stands for "An interoperable approach to EU maritime security management", addressing the 
interoperability of European and national assets in  maritime security. The project started on 1 March 2008 
and lasted for 15 months. It had of budget of EUR 669 000. 
TALOS  stands for "Transportable autonomous patrol for land border surveillance", proposing the use of 
unmanned ground and air vehicles. The project started on 1 June 2008 and runs for 4 years. It has a budget 
of M€ 19,9. 
WIMASS  stands for "Wide maritime area airborne surveillanc e", aiming in particular at preparing the use of 
unmanned aerial vehicles. The project started on 1 December 2008 and runs for 36 months. It has a budget 
of M€ 3,9. 
OPARUS  stands for "OPen ARchitecture  for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle- based Surveillance system", 
proposing an open architecture for unmanned border surveillance platforms. The project started on 1 
September 2010 and runs for 18 months. It has a budget of M€ 1,18. 
SEABILLA  stands for "Sea border surveillance"., aiming at  defining the architecture for systems integrating 
space, land, sea and air assets. The project started on 1 June 2010 and will run for 45 months. It has a budget 
of M€ 15,5. 
I2C stands for "Integrated System for interoperable sensors and information sources for common abnormal 
vessel behaviour detection and collaborative identificati on of threat". The project started on 1 September 
2010 and will run for 4 years. It has a budget of M€ 15,9. 
PERSEUS  stands for "Protection of European seas and bord ers through the intelligent use of surveillance". It 
aims at implementing a large scale demonstration of a surveillance system of syst ems, integrating existing 
platforms and enhancing them with innovative capabilities. The project started on 1 January 2011 and will 
run for 54 months. It has a budget of M€ 43,6. 
Representatives (industry) from selected project s are regularly particip ating in the Frontex-
chaired FP7 implementation group on maritime border surveillance .  
 
EN 19   EN ANNEX 1.6 :  Common application of surveillance tools (Step 5) 
GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Secu rity) is a joint initia tive of the European 
Commission and the European Space Agency (ESA ), which aims at achieving an autonomous 
and operational Earth observation (EO) capacit y. The objective is to rationalize the use of 
multiple-sources data to get a timely and qual ity information, services and knowledge, and to 
provide autonomous access to information in  relation to environment and security.  
Following a seminar on the Security dimens ion of GMES in March 2007, support to border 
surveillance, maritime surveillance and to EU external actions have been identified as 
priorities. The GMES border surveillance group  prepared the following two documents: 
Title: GMES concept in support to EUROSUR 
Full title: Report of the GMES border surveill ance group: Support to EUROSUR/border 
surveillance, V1.0 of 3.12.2009, 95 pages. Document presented/discussed in the EUROSUR Member States' expert group. For EU government use only.
  
Abstract: This concept focuses on the use of sa tellites and other surveillance tools for the 
tracking of vessels over high seas and the punctual monitoring of neighbouring 
third country ports and coasts, whic h are known as departure points for 
irregular migration and na rcotics trafficking. It al so includes a technical 
overview of surveillance sensors, ca pabilities and platforms, including 
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and satelli tes, as well as on the applicability 
of technology to different operational scenarios. 
 
Title: GMES CONOPS for EUROSUR  
Full title: GMES Concept of Operations for the co mmon application of surveillance tools 
at EU level in the context of EU ROSUR. Version 2.3 of 29.6.2011 (62 pages). 
Document presented/discussed in th e EUROSUR Member States' expert group. 
For EU government use only.   
Abstract: The purpose of the CONOPS is to provide a high level conceptual description  
of possible services  for the common applications of surv eillance tools at EU 
level  (satellites, UAVs, aerostats, etc), a llowing Frontex to provide NCCs via 
the EUROSUR network with surveillance information on their external borders 
and the pre-frontier area on a frequent, re liable and cost-efficient basis. These 
services should be established gradually. 
The different land and maritime survei llance phases identified in the 2009 
concept have been used to st ructure the different possible services  to be 
provided to the strategic, operational and tactical level. Fron tex should act as a 
facilitator , taking advantage of systems a nd capabilities alre ady set up by the 
European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) and the EU Satellite Centre 
(EUSC).  
The present version of the CONOPS is "work in progress" and will still be 
further developed by the GMES border surveillance group . Besides testing the 
CONOPS between Frontex, EMSA and the EUSC, FP7 projects (e.g. SIMITSYS, DOLPHIN, NEREIDS) will be used for testing selected 
components.  
 
EN 20   EN ANNEX 1.7 : Common Pre-frontier Intell igence Picture (Step 6) 
 
Title: EUROSUR CPIP concept 
Full title: Prepared by an external contractor as part of the EUROSUR technical study. 
ESG doc. 1JLS-BT-0031, 19.01.2010, Version 2.0 (136 pages ). Document 
presented/discussed in the EUROSUR Member States' expert group. For EU 
government use only.   
Abstract: This concept provides a definition of the CPIP, including an analysis of relevant 
source data and software component s. It divides the CPIP into 4 components : 
• Operational information:  E.g. detected targets and movements. 
• Strategic key information:  E.g. factors for illegal migration, trends, 
routes, methods. 
• Knowledge base:  Formalised description of vocabulary and methods, 
such as categorisation of vessel type s including size, speed; description 
of typical scenarios etc. 
• Basic geodata:  E.g. topographic/thematic ma ps, digital elevation model, 
nautical charts. 
The document proposes to generate the CPIP in 7 processing steps :  
1) Consistency check  (automatic check of consistency and completeness 
during/after user input before  being sent to Frontex);  
2) Content evaluation, consis tency and plausibility check  (by Frontex);  
3) Data fusion, integration and analysis  (combining data from multiple 
sources into a common data model to detect patterns/anomalies and test 
hypotheses);  
4) Knowledge based processing  (analysis with support of concepts and 
methods described in the knowledge base);  
5) Knowledge discovery  (e.g. tactics not yet desc ribed in knowledge base);  
6) CPIP generation and visualisation  (situational picture, 2D and 3D) 
7) Tasking functions  (in case data is missing, to  confirm unreliable data) 
The CPIP generated by Frontex is then  disseminated on a need-to-know basis 
via the EUROSUR network to the NCCs.  
The concept also contains a reference architecture  (RA) for intelligence 
systems and applications interoperabi lity, technical standards and common 
infrastructure elements and furtherm ore specifies the HW/SW components and 
their functionalities.  
 
 
EN 21   EN  
Title: Concept for the management a nd generation of the CPIP 
Full title: Frontex internal document,  version 1.0 of August 2011 (11 pages). 
Abstract: The document provides an opera tional overview of the EUROSUR Common 
Pre-Frontier Intelligence Picture (CPIP) as well as the steps of their generation process along with human resources requirements and cost estimates for 
hardware and software. According to this document, the CPIP shall be set up as described in the table below. 
 
 Layer  Sublayers  Provided as of  Managed by  
Irregular migration (Illegal border crossing, 
incidents related to facilitators)  2012 
Related cross-border crime  2012 Event layer  
Crisis  2012 
Joint Operation - Area of operations  2012 
Own assets  2013 Operational 
layer  Environmental Information (Weather, currents, 
wave height)  2013  
 
 
Frontex Situation 
Centre  
(FSC)  
Information  2013 
Analytical  2013/ 2015  
Intelligence Picture  2013 Analysis  
layer  
Imagery and geo-data  2013/2015  Frontex  
Risk Analysis 
Unit 
(RAU)  
 
EN 22   EN ANNEX 1.8 : Common information sharing environm ent for internal security purposes 
covering the southern maritime borders (Step 7) 
 
Title: Internal Security Strategy Communication 
Full title: Communication on the EU Internal Securi ty Strategy in Action: Five steps 
towards a safer Europe, COM( 2010)673 final of 22 November 2010. 
Excerpt Reference to Step 7 is made on page 12: 
In recent years, two major initiatives on operational cooperation at the maritime 
borders have been launched – one on human trafficking a nd human smuggling 
under the umbrella of Frontex and th e second on drugs smuggling in the 
framework of MAOC-N3 and CeCLADM4. As part of the development of 
integrated and operational action at the EU’s maritime border, the EU will launch in 2011 a pilot project  at its southern or sout h-western border, involving 
those two centres, the Commission, Frontex  and Europol. This pilot project will 
explore synergies on risk analysis and surveillance data in common areas of 
interest concerning differe nt types of threats, such as drugs and people 
smuggling.
5 
 
Title Joint Operation INDALO 
Reference Frontex Joint Operation implemented from 9 May until 31 October 2011. 
Abstract Hosted by Spain, Frontex and sele cted Member States are carrying a pilot 
project with EUROPOL, CeClad-M a nd EMSA. EMSA will provide analyzed 
satellite images in order to discover ta rgets of interest in  the areas used by 
criminal networks on their voyages towa rds EU as well as the pictures of 
pollution. Europol cooperates through the exchange of information and 
intelligence.  CeClad-M provides its updated “vessel of interest” list.  
 
                                                 
3 MAOC-N - Maritime Analysis and Operations Centre – Narcotics. 
4 CeCLAD-M - Centre de Coordination pour la lutte antidrogue en Méditerranée.  
5 This project will complement the other integrated maritime surveillance projects such as BlueMassMed 
and Marsuno, which aim to optimise the efficiency of  maritime surveillance in the Mediterranean Sea, 
Atlantic and the northern European sea basins. 
 
EN 23   EN ANNEX 2 
EUROSUR technical expert groups Step Component Name of expert 
group Chaired 
by Experts from Established
/started in No. of  
meetings Main results 
 
1 National 
coordination centres EUROSUR 
Member States' expert group HOME Member States, 
Frontex. June 2008 13 Coordination of all steps. 
EUROSUR guidelines. 
 
2 EUROSUR 
network  EUROSUR pilot 
expert group Frontex Member States, 
Commission. November 
2009 12 EUROSUR data model. 
Specifications for & establishment of 
EUROSUR network. 
3 Cooperation 
with third 
countries COSI measure 4 
working group Spain Selected 
Member States, 
Commission. November 
2010 3 Specifications for the establishment of the 
SEAHORSE Mediterraneo network. 
 
4 Research & 
development (FP7) FP7 Implemen-
tation group on maritime border surveillance Frontex Industry, 
Commission. September 
2010 5 Coordination of the use of selected FP7 
projects for testing and validating EUROSUR components. 
 
5 Common 
application of 
surveillance 
tools GMES border 
surveillance group ENTR/ 
HOME Frontex, 
EMSA, EUSC, 
ESA, EDA. February 
2008 12 2009 GMES concept in support to 
EUROSUR 
2011 Concept of Operations for the 
common application of surveillance tools 
 
6 
 Common pre-
frontier-
intelligence picture COSI measure 12 
working group 
Frontex Risk 
Analysis Network Poland 
 Frontex Member States, 
Commission In context 
of FRAN 
June 2010 - 
 
3 Development of CPIP components. 
 
EN 24   EN ANNEX 3 
 
 
EUROSUR In scope EUROSUR Out of scope 
• Border surveillance • Border checks at border crossing points 
• External borders of Schengen countries 
• Geographical area beyond  the territory/external border of Schengen 
countries (pre-frontier area) with  main focus on neighbouring third 
countries • Internal borders; Green line (Cyprus) 
• Territory of EU Member Stat es and associated countries 
• Collection of data and informati on relevant for th e prevention of 
irregular migration a nd cross-border crime at EU external borders • Collection of data and informati on relevant for th e prevention of 
irregular migration a nd cross-border crime inside  the territory of EU 
Member States 
• Surveillance of land borders • Surveillance of air borders 
• Surveillance of maritime borders • Underwater surveillance (defence) 
• Border surveillance in ne ighbouring third countries • Border surveillance in third countr ies with no impact on EU external 
borders (e.g. Australia) 
• Eastern and southern Sc hengen external borders • Northern Schengen external borders (at later stage) 
• External borders of UK and Ireland 
• Monitoring, detection, identifica tion, tracking & interception of 
targets • Asylum 
• Readmission; Return 
• Protect and save lives at the external borders • Search and Rescue; Defence 
 
 
EN 25   EN ANNEX 4.1 
Responsibilities and competences of national coordination centres ( September 2011)6 
Surveillance Coordination Country Year of 
operation Maritime Air Land  
Border 
checks Other national 
authorities 3rd 
countries LCCs/ 
RCCs Other 
NCCs FX Command 
and 
control Policy 
option 
Belgium 2007 Y N N/A N Y Y N Y Y N PO1.1 
Bulgaria  2010 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y P Y Y PO1.3 
Cyprus 20107 Y N N/A N P N N P P Y PO1.2 
Germany 2008 Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y PO1.3 
Denmark NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 
Estonia 2009 P Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y PO1.3 
Greece 2013 P P P N P P N P P P PO1.2 
Spain 2009 Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y PO1.2 
Finland 2005 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y PO1.3 
France 2010 Y N N Y Y N Y Y N N PO1.1 
Hungary 2011 N/A P Y Y Y P Y P P Y PO1.2 
Iceland NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 
Italy 2011 Y Y N Y Y P P Y Y N PO1.1 
Lithuania 2011 P P P P P P P P P P PO1.3 
Latvia 20078 Y P Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y PO1.3 
Malta 2008 Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y PO1.2 
Netherlands 2011 Y N N Y Y N Y N N N PO1.1 
                                                 
6 Key to coding: NR = No re sponse; P=Planned; Y=Yes; N=No;  N/A = Not applicable 
7 Planned to be fully operational from 2011. 
8 Planned to be fully operational from 2011. 
 
EN 26   EN Surveillance Coordination Country Year of 
operation Maritime Air Land  
Border 
checks Other national 
authorities 3rd 
countries LCCs/ 
RCCs Other 
NCCs FX Command 
and 
control Policy 
option 
Norway NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 
Poland 2010 P P P P Y Y Y Y Y N PO1.1 
Portugal 2009 P P P Y Y Y Y Y Y P PO1.3 
Romania 2010 Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y PO1.2 
Sweden NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 
Slovenia 2007 Y N N/A Y Y Y* Y N N Y PO1.2 
Slovakia 2007 N/A N Y Y Y Y Y P P Y PO1.2 
* Although the Slovenian reply to the NCC ques tionnaire indicates that it does not coor dinate with other NCCs, it does coordina te with the Italian LCC in Trieste. 
 
EN 27   EN ANNEX 4.2 
Overview of coordination of the NCCs with other national authorities and third countries9 
Coordination at national level Country Responsible 
authority for 
the NCC Ministry of 
interior / Police 
/ Border GuardsMaritime 
authorities Ministry of 
Defence / 
military bodies Ministry of 
economics 
and customs Others  Coordination with 
third countries 
Belgium MIK – coast 
guards FPS interior 
Maritime and river 
police; Federal 
police VLOOT - Fleet Ministry of 
Defence; Navy  FPS Economy; 
FPS Finance, 
Customs  FPS foreign affairs; 
International environment 
policy; Sea Fisheries 
service; FPS Mobility and 
transport; FPS Public 
Health, Food Chain Safety 
and Environment; FPS 
Sustainable Development; 
FPS Science policy  all European EU-
countries via MOC 
Bulgaria  Ministry of Interior, 
Chief Directorate Border Police Police N Armed forces Customs Veterinary Services Serbia, FYROM, Turkey, 
Ukraine, Russia, Georgia 
Cyprus Cyprus Police - 
(Port and Marine 
Police Unit) Different Police 
Units, Marine 
Police, Airwings, 
Aliens Department N N N N N 
Denmark NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 
Estonia Police and Border 
Guard Board 
authorities Y Maritime 
administration  N Tax and 
Customs 
Board; Environmental Board Russian Federation 
Finland Finnish Border 
Guard Police Maritime 
Authorities Defence Forces Customs,  Other ministries Y 
                                                 
9 Key to coding: NR = No re sponse; P=Planned; Y=Yes; N=No;  N/A = Not applicable 
 
EN 28   EN Coordination at national level Country Responsible 
authority for 
the NCC Ministry of 
interior / Police 
/ Border GuardsMaritime 
authorities Ministry of 
Defence / 
military bodies Ministry of 
economics 
and customs Others  Coordination with 
third countries 
France General Secretary 
of the Sea Service 
du Premier Ministre)  Border Police, 
Gendarmerie,  Affaires 
maritimes, 
Gendarmerie 
maritime, Navy Customs, Civil protection, Préfectures 
Maritimes. N 
Greece Ministry of Citizen 
Protection Coast Guard NR NR NR NR Albania. ,FYROM, 
Turkey, Egypt 
Hungary Police Police N N Customs N Ukraine, Serbia 
Germany Federal Police 
(Bundespolizei) Federal Criminal 
Office (BKA), State 
Police Authorities, 
Domestic 
Intelligence 
Service (BfV) NR Armed Forces. Customs,  Foreign Intelligence Service 
(BND), etc.  N  
Iceland NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 
Italy Ministry of Interior Carabinieri,  
Coast Guard N Navy, Guardia di 
Finanza N North African Countries 
Latvia State Border 
Guard State Police, State N Ministry of 
defence/ MRCC 
centre Custom Fire & Rescue Service Russian Federation, 
Republic of Belarus 
Lithuania State Border 
Guard Service Police  N Navy Customs N Russian Federation, 
Republic of Belarus 
Malta Armed Forces of 
Malta Police N N N Transport authorities Worldwide 
Nether-lands Min. of Home 
affairs and Kingdom relations Royal 
Marechaussee 
(border police), 
Police (Sea Port 
Police) N N Customs Other (enforcement) 
agencies regarding SAR, 
environment, routing, 
health/food N 
Norway NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 
 
EN 29   EN Coordination at national level Country Responsible 
authority for 
the NCC Ministry of 
interior / Police 
/ Border GuardsMaritime 
authorities Ministry of 
Defence / 
military bodies Ministry of 
economics 
and customs Others  Coordination with 
third countries 
Poland Chief of Polish 
Border Guards Police, Internal 
security agency  N Army Custom, Phyto-sanitary service Mainly Russia, Belarus & 
Ukraine 
Portugal SEF NR NR NR NR NR YES (Undetermined)  
Romania Romanian Border 
Headquarters Police, other 
structures within 
the Ministry of 
Administration and 
Interior Romanian 
Naval Authority 
(Harbour 
Master, MRCC, 
VTS), Port 
administration, Naval Forces, Customs National Agency for Fishing 
and Aquaculture,  Turkey, Georgia, Russian 
Federation, Ukraine 
Sweden NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 
Slovakia Presidium of police 
force Y N N Customs  N Ukraine 
Slovenia Ministry of Interior 
- Police Y Maritime 
Administration,  
Port of Koper 
authorities Navy, Customs, Environmental Agency,  Italian LCC (Trieste) 
within FRONTEX EPN 
Spain Guardia Civil  Police SASEMAR Navy  Customs  N Morocco, Mauritania, 
Senegal, Cape Verde, 
Gambia, G. Bissau, 
Algeria 
 
 
EN 30   EN ANNEX 4.3a 
Classification level of information shared in NCCs 
Member State Currently shared (Sept 2011) Planned to be shared 
Belgium Up to ‘Top Secret’ Up to ‘Top Secret’ 
Bulgaria  Protected, but unclassified  Up to 'Confidential' 
Cyprus Protected, but unclassified  Up to 'Restricted' 
Germany Up to 'Restricted' Up to 'Top secret' 
Denmark — — 
Estonia Up to 'Restricted'  Up to 'Confidential' 
Greece Up to 'Top secret'  Up to 'Top secret' 
Spain Up to 'Secret'  Up to 'Secret' 
Finland Up to 'Secret'  Up to 'Secret' 
France Protected, but unclassified Protected, but unclassified 
Hungary Up to 'Restricted'  Up to 'Confidential' 
Iceland — — 
Italy Only unclassified  Up to 'Restricted' 
Lithuania Protected, but unclassified  Up to 'Confidential' 
Latvia Protected, but unclassified  Up to 'Restricted' 
Malta Only unclassified  Up to 'Restricted' 
Netherlands Up to 'Restricted' Up to 'Restricted' 
Norway — — 
Poland Up to 'Restricted' Up to 'Restricted' 
Portugal Up to 'Secret'  Up to 'Secret' 
Romania Only unclassified  Up to 'Restricted' 
Sweden — — 
Slovenia Protected, but unclassified  Up to 'Confidential' 
Slovakia Up to 'Confidential'  Up to 'Confidential' 
 
 
 
EN 31   EN ANNEX 4.3b 
Data handling practices of NCCs  with respect to personal data10 
 Does NCC handle personal data for border surveillance  Does NCC handle personal data for pu rposes other than border surveillance  
Country Currently Planned Currently Planned 
Belgium NR NR NR NR 
Bulgaria  Y NR Y NR 
Cyprus Y NR Y NR 
Germany Y NR Y NR 
Denmark Y N/A Y N/A 
Estonia Y N/A Y N/A 
Greece N NR N NR 
Spain Y N/A Y N/A 
Finland NR NR NR NR 
France N NR N NR 
Hungary N Y N Y 
Iceland NR NR NR NR 
Italy N NR N NR 
Lithuania N N N NR 
Latvia NR NR NR NR 
Malta N N N N 
Netherlands NR NR NR NR 
Norway NR NR NR NR 
Poland NR NR NR NR 
                                                 
10 Key to coding: NR = No response; Y=Yes; N=No;  N/A = Not applicable 
 
EN 32   EN  Does NCC handle personal data for border surveillance  Does NCC handle personal data for pu rposes other than border surveillance  
Country Currently Planned Currently Planned 
Portugal NR NR NR NR 
Romania Y N/A Y N/A 
Sweden NR NR NR NR 
Slovenia Y N/A Y N/A 
Slovakia Y N/A Y N/A 
 
 
 
EN 33   EN ANNEX 4.4 
Costs of setting up, upgrading and maintaining NCCs and FSC (2007-2010) 
 
Member 
State When NCC became 
operational Total NCC costs 2007-2010 
Belgium 2007 €1,170,000 
Bulgaria  2010 €500,000 
Cyprus 2010 €320,000 
Germany 2008 No data provided  
Denmark No data provided  No data provided  
Estonia 2009 €292,304 
Greece 2013 €0 
Spain 2009 €3,084,768 
Finland 2005 €6,638,798 
France 2010 €597,000 
Hungary 2011 €0 
Iceland No data provided  No data provided  
Italy 2011 a 
Lithuania 2011 €0 
Latvia 2007 €605,453 
Malta 2008 €7,528,588 
Netherlands 2011 €0 
Norway No data provided  No data provided  
Poland 2010 €201,006 
Portugal 2009  No data provided  
Romania 2010 €22,514 
Sweden No data provided  No data provided  
Slovenia 2007 €200,000 
Slovakia 2007 €18,894,418 
NCCs TOTAL 2007-2010: €40,054,849 
FSC 2008 €2,238,499 
a  The costs provided by Italy were in the region of 32,540k€ but it included more 
than just the costs associ ated with Italy’s NCC and so have been excluded from 
this table.  
 
EN 34   EN ANNEX 4.5 
Annual staff in NCCs and FSC (2007-2010) 
 
  Staff figures  
Member State When NCC became 
operational 2007 2008 2009 2010 
Belgium 2007 9 9 9 9 
Bulgaria 2010 — — — 42 
Cyprus 2010 — — — 28 
Germany 2008 — — — — 
Denmark — — — — — 
Estonia 2009 — — 4 13 
Greece 2013 — — — — 
Spain 2009 — — 19 19 
Finland 2005 12 12 12 12 
France 2010 — — — 11 
Hungary 2011 — — — — 
Iceland — — — — — 
Italy 2011 — — 4 3 
Lithuania 2011 — — — — 
Latvia 2007 11 11 11 11 
Malta 2008 50 50 50 50 
Netherlands 2011 — — — — 
Norway — — — — — 
Poland 2010 — — — 12 
Portugal 2009  — — 2 6 
Romania 2010 — — — — 
Sweden — — — — — 
Slovenia 2007 — — — — 
Slovakia 2007 20 23 28 30 
AVERAGE ANNUAL STAFF: 20 21 15 19 
FSC 2008 — — 0.5 2 
 
 
 
EN 35   EN ANNEX 4.6 
Estimates from Member States for costs of setting  up, upgrading and maintaining NCCs (2011-2016) 
Country 2011 201 2 2013 201 4 2015 201 6Total
NO  €                        -   €                        -   €                        -   €                        -    €                        -   €                        -   - €                    
BE  €            400,000 €            400,000 €            400,000 €            400,000  €            400,000 €            400,000  2,400,00 0 €       
BG  €            100,000 €            112,500 €            125,000 €            137,500  €            150,000 €            162,500  787,500€           
CY  €            955,000 €        1,015,000 €        1,115,000 €        1,120,000  €        1,130,000 €        1,150,000 6,485,00 0 €       
DK  €                        -   €                        -   €                        -   €                        -    €                        -   €                        -   - €                    
EE  €            140,000 €            200,000 €            250,000 €            250,000  €            275,000 €            275,000  1,390,00 0 €       
FI  €        1,825,530 €        1,916,807 €        2,000,000 €        2,113,279  €        2,812,343 €        2,952,960 13,620,919 €     
FR  €            438,100 €            430,000 €            430,000 €            430,000  €            430,000 €            430,000  2,588,10 0 €       
DE  €                        -   €                        -   €                        -   €                        -    €                        -   €                        -   - €                    
EL  €                        -   €        1,350,000 €        6,600,000 €        2,400,000  €        2,400,000 €        2,950,000 1 5,700,000 €     
HU  €              81,971 €            120,610 €            113,709 €            113,709  €            113,709 €            113,70 9 657,418€           
IT  €      15,338,670 €      13,741,769 €      13,531,769 €      13,531,769  €      13,131,769 €      12,993,360 82,269,106 €     
LT  €            263,297 €            263,297 €            263,297 €            254,609  €            254,609 €            254,609  1,553,718€       
LV  €              87,763 €        1,501,240 €        1,275,697 €            773,504  €            773,504 €            773,504 5, 185,212 €       
MT  €        1,107,000 €        5,960,000 €        4,050,000 €        3,550,000  €        2,054,000 €        2,054,000 18,775,000 €     
NL  €            607,000 €            607,000 €            607,000 €            607,000  €            607,000 €            607,000  3,642,00 0 €       
PO  €            228,931 €            228,931 €            228,931 €            228,931  €            228,931 €            228,931  1,373,585€       
PT  €                        -   €                        -   €                        -   €                        -    €                        -   €                        -   - €                    
RO  €        3,250,000 €        1,750,000 €            750,000 €        1,750,000  €            750,000 €            750,000 9,000 ,000 €       
SI  €            120,000 €            220,000 €            670,000 €            570,000  €            230,000 €            180,000  1,990,00 0 €       
SK  €            928,600 €            942,800 €        1,036,460 €        1,597,006  €        1,200,687 €        1,169,775 6,875,3 28 €       
ES  €        2,512,090 €      11,764,842 €        1,325,537 €        1,303,729  €        1,339,390 €        1,376,100 19,621,688 €     
SE  €                        -   €                        -   €                        -   €                        -    €                        -   €                        -   - €                    
Total  €      28,383,951 €      42,524,795 €      34,772,400 €      31,131,036  €      28,280,942 €      28,821,448 €    193,914 ,573  
 
EN 36   EN ANNEX 4.7 
Cost estimates for NCCs in line with Policy Options 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3  
(2011-2020) 
 
Approach used to estimate cost s of policy options for NCCs 
In response to our data collection exercise fo r national coordination centres, four Member 
States (Norway, Iceland, Sweden and Denmark)  did not provide a response. A further two 
Member States (Germany and Portugal) provide d some descriptive information for their 
NCCs, but no cost data. 
Among those Member States that provide d NCC cost data, the completeness and 
comparability of that data varied to a large extent, as illustrated in Annex 4.6. Consequently, 
it became clear that comparing the costs of di fferent NCCs would prove  difficult despite the 
standard data collection template  and guidelines issued to Memb er States at the beginning of 
the study. 
As a result, it was decided to identify ‘refe rence’ Member State(s) for each policy option 
which would be used to scale up the estimated total costs of establishing NCCs in all 24 
Member States under each policy option. These ‘re ference’ Member Stat es have been based 
on the Member State(s) in each policy option ‘grouping’ that display a consistent and 
comparable approach to estimating their NCC co sts. For the purposes of this report, these 
Member States are: 
• Policy option 1.1  – Belgium  (total NCC costs of 2,400k€ for 2011-2016 and 4,000k€ for 
2011-2020) and France  (2,588k€ for 2011-2016 and 4,308k€ for 2011-2020); 
• Policy option 1.2  – Slovakia  (6,875k€ for 2011-2016 and 11,554k€ for 2011-2020) and 
Cyprus  (6,485k€ for 2011-2016 and 11,085k€ for 2011-2020); and 
• Policy option 1.3  – Finland  (13,620k€ for 2011-2016 and 25,432k€ for 2011-2020). 
In the analysis that follows below,  the NCC costs for these Member States are used to 
provide a total cost estimate fo r establishing NCCs in all 24 Member States under each policy 
option. For policy option 1.1, we us e the average of the Belgian and French NCC costs for the 
period 2011-2020 (4,154k€) and scale this up for all 24 Member States.  For policy option 
1.2, we use the average of the Slovakian a nd Cypriot NCC costs for the period 2011-2020 
(11,319k€) and scale this up for al l 24 Member States.  Finally, for policy option 1.3, we use 
the Finnish NCC costs for the period 2011-2020 (25,432k€). 
 
 
EN 37   EN Policy Option 1.1.  Annual costs of the Belgian and French NCCs  and the FSC for the coordination of the 
surveillance of at least land a nd maritime surveillan ce (where applicable),  2011-2020, Euros (€) 
 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total 
Belgium1 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 4,000,000 
France2 438,100 430,000 430,000 430,000 430,000 430,000 430,000 430,000 430,000 430,000 4,308,000 
FSC3 2,764,078  7,374,251  9,688,796  11,315,951  12,163,809  10, 456,827  10,456,827  10,456,827  10,456,827  10,456,827  95,591,020 
1 Belgian NCC costs excluded one-off costs (b uilding and infrastructure costs and opera ting and IT equipment costs) in all years  as well as recurring 
communications and maintenance costs, but included recurring pers onnel costs and the costs of op erational applications.  These cost estimates are expected to 
increase once the NCC will be upgraded/extended.   However, detailed cost estimates in this regard could not be provided for the  time being 
2 French NCC costs only included  recurring personnel costs. 
3 For FSC cost estimates see Annex 4.8. 
Policy Option 1.2. Annual costs of the Slovakian and Cypriot NCCs and the FSC fo r command and control 
competencies for at least land a nd maritime surveillance (where a pplicable), 2011-2020, Euros (€) 
 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total 
Slovakia1  928,600  942,800  1,036,460  1,597,006  1,200,687  1,169,775  1,169,775  1,169,775  1,169,775  1,169,775  11,554,429 
Cyprus2  955,000  1,015,000  1,115,000  1,120,000  1,130,000  1,150,000  1,150,000  1,150,000  1,150,000  1,150,000  11,085,000 
FSC3  2,764,078  10,245,431  13,434,832  16,249,067  16,491,469  14,127,935  14,127,935  14,127,935  14,127,935  14,127,935  129,824,552 
1 Slovakian NCC costs excluded one- off costs (building and infrastructure costs and operating and IT equipment costs) in all yea rs with the exception of 2012, 
which included building and infrastructure costs.  In addition, all recurring personnel costs, communications and maintenance c osts and the costs of operational 
applications were included for all years with the exception of  2011 which excluded the costs of operational applications. 
2 Cypriot NCC costs excluded one-off building and infrastructure costs but included one-off operating and IT equipment costs. In  addition, all recurring 
personnel costs, communications and maintenance costs and the costs of operational applications were included for all years. 
3 For FSC cost estimates see Annex 4.8. 
 
EN 38   EN Policy Option 1.3  Annual costs of the Finnish NCC and the FSC for command and control competencies for the surveillance of land borders, 
maritime borders, air borders and border checks, 2011-2020, Euros (€) 
 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total 
Finland1 1,825,530  1,916,807  2,000,000  2,113,279  2,812,343  2,952,960  2,952,960  2,952,960  2,952,960  2,952,960  25,432,759 
FSC2  2,764,078  10,245,431  13,580,356  17,089,365  17,705,589  15,119,805  15,119,805  15,119,805  15,119,805  15,119,805  136,983,844 
1 Finnish NCC costs included all one-off and recurring costs (building and infrastructure, operating and IT equipment, personnel , communications and 
maintenance and the costs of operational applications). The figure of 2,000k€ in 2013 is an estimate based on an assumption tha t a new NCC will not need to 
be established in this year.  Should a new NCC be establis hed in 2013, the cost in that year will rise to 8,722k€. 
2 For FSC cost estimates see Annex 4.8. 
Cost comparison between policy option s, 2011-2020. Euros (€) and per cent (%) 
 Baseline (2007-
2010) Policy 0ption 
1.1: 
Decentralised 
Option (2011-
2020) Policy 0ption 
1.2: 
Comprehensive 
option (2011-
2020) Policy option 
1.3:  
Centralised 
option (2011-
2020) 
Total NCC 
costs   €40,054,849 €99,697,200 €271,673,160 €610,386,216 
Total FSC 
costs €2,238,499 €95,591,020 €129,824,552 €136,983,844 
TOTAL 
COSTS €42,293,348 €195,288,220  €401,497,712  €747,370,060  
MS share (%) 95% 51% 68% 82% 
FSC share (%) 5% 49% 32% 18% 
 
 
EN 39   EN Policy option 1.1 costs 
Annual costs of the Belgian NCC, 2011-2016, Euros (€) 
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
Total cost estimated to be incurred 400,00 0 €       400,00 0 €        400,000 €       400,000 €       400,000 €       400,00 0 €       2,400,00 0 €    
Individual cost items included in total cost    One-off costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - CAPEX)
        Building & infrastructure No No No No No No        Operating & IT equipment No No No No No No    Recurring costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - OPEX)
        Personnel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
        Communications & maintenance No No No No No No        Operational applications Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes            - Specify type of application software    Explanation to estimatesTotal cost breakdown by type of financial source    National 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
    EBF
    EU other    - Explain 'EU other'    Explanation to estimates
 
 
EN 40   EN Annual costs of the French NCC, 2011-2016, Euros (€) 
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
Total cost estimated to be incurred 438,10 0 €       430,00 0 €        430,000 €       430,000 €       430,000 €       430,00 0 €       2,588,10 0 €    
Individual cost items included in total cost    One-off costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - CAPEX)
        Building & infrastructure No No No No No No        Operating & IT equipment No No No No No No    Recurring costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - OPEX)
        Personnel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
        Communications & maintenance No No No No No No        Operational applications No No No No No No            - Specify type of application software    Explanation to estimatesTotal cost breakdown by type of financial source    National
    EBF
    EU other    - Explain 'EU other'    Explanation to estimates
 
 
EN 41   EN Policy option 1.2 costs 
Annual costs of the Slovakian NCC , 2011-2016, Euros (€) 
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
Total cost estimated to be incurred 928,60 0 €       942,80 0 €        1,036,460 €    1,597,006 €    1,200,687 €    1,169,775 €    6,875,32 8 €    
Individual cost items included in total cost    One-off costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - CAPEX)
        Building & infrastructure No Yes No No No No        Operating & IT equipment No No No No No No    Recurring costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - OPEX)
        Personnel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
        Communications & maintenance Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes        Operational applications No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes            - Specify type of application software No geodata servi
cgeodata servi cgeodata servi cgeodata servi cgeodata services for GIS
    Explanation to estimatesTotal cost breakdown by type of financial source    National 1,976,600€    2,120,80
0 €     2,309,260 €    2,989,486 €    2,758,915 €    2,856,126 €    
    EBF 32,00 0 €          10,00 0 €           34,00 0 €          45,00 0 €          23,00 0 €          53,00 0 €          
    EU other - €                - €                 - €                - €                - €                - €                
    - Explain 'EU other'    Explanation to estimates 100 000 EUR for geoservice annually
 
 
 
EN 42   EN Annual costs of the Cypriot NCC, 2011-2016, Euros (€) 
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
Total cost estimated to be incurred 955,00 0 €       1,015,00 0 €     1,115,00 0 €    1,120,000 €    1,130,000 €    1,150,000 €    6,485,00 0 €      
Individual cost items included in total cost    One-off costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - CAPEX)
        Building & infrastructure No No No No No No        Operating & IT equipment Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes    Recurring costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - OPEX)
        Personnel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
        Communications & maintenance Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes        Operational applications Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes            - Specify type of application software Com Applicati
oCom Applicati oCom Applicati oCom Applicati oCom Applicati oCom Applications
    Explanation to estimates ******
Total cost breakdown by type of financial source    National 955,00
0 €       950,50 0 €        1,023,00 0 €    1,120,000 €    1,130,000 €    1,150,000 €    
    EBF 64,50 0 €           92,00 0 €          
    EU other - €                - €                 - €                - €                - €                
    - Explain 'EU other'    Explanation to estimates
* Cost estimates include upgrading of existing (and purchase of new) equipment at the NCC to facilitate the effective command a nd control functions on police mobile maritime & air units.
 
 
 
 
 
 
EN 43   EN Policy option 1.3 costs 
Annual costs of the Finnish NCC, 2011-2016, Euros (€) 
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
Total cost estimated to be incurred 1,825,530€    1,916,807 €     2,000,000 €    2,113,279 €    2,812,343 €    2,952,960 €    13,620,919 € 
Individual cost items included in total cost    One-off costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - CAPEX)
        Building & infrastructure Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes        Operating & IT equipment Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes    Recurring costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - OPEX)
        Personnel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
        Communications & maintenance Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes        Operational applications Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes            - Specify type of application software    Explanation to estimates *
Total cost breakdown by type of financial source    National All All All All All All
    EBF    EU other    - Explain 'EU other'    Explanation to estimates
* If a new NCC is required to be established in 2013, the cost in 2013 will increase to €8,722,000. 
 
 
 
EN 44   EN ANNEX 4.8 
Cost estimates for FSC in  line with Policy Options 1. 1, 1.2 and 1.3 (2011-2020)11 
Policy Option 1.1 Annual costs of the FSC for the coordination of  the surveillance of at least land and maritime surveillance 
(where applicable), 2011-2016, Euros (€)* 
 
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total 
One-off costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - CAPEX)
    Building & infrastructure 41,715 €           82,371 €            120,021 €         2,563,510 €     2,548,654 €     62,004 €           5,418,275 €     
        Building construction - €                  - €                  20,000 €           2,500,000 €     2,500,000 €     20,000 €           5,040,000 €     
        Gigabit Ethernet infrastructure 24,000 €           54,000 €            60,000 €           30,000 €           18,000 €           12,000 €           198,000 €         
        Building security 13,615 €           18,521 €            18,521 €           9,260 €              3,704 €              3,704 €              67,325 €            
        Furniture 4,100 €              9,850 €               21,500 €           24,250 €           26,950 €           26,300 €           112,950 €         
    Operating & IT equipment 1,511,240€     4,225,290 €      4,528,100 €     2,514,050 €     2,508,430 €     2,505,620 €     17,792,730 €   
        IT hardware 11,240 €           225,290 €          528,100 €         514,050 €         508,430 €         505,620 €         2,292,730 €     
        IT software 1,500,000€     4,000,000 €      4,000,000 €     2,000,000 €     2,000,000 €     2,000,000 €     15,500,000 €   
    Explanation to estimates (open text)Recurring costs (generally categorised as operating expenditure - OPEX)
    Personnel 532,672 €         1,304,972 €      2,138,868 €     2,541,968 €     2,707,504 €     2,863,104 €     12,089,08
8 €   
        Staff costs for Senior Duty Officer - €                  256,800 €          428,000 €         513,600 €         513,600 €         513,600 €         2,225,600 €     
        Staff costs for Duty Officer 225,600 €         435,600 €          645,600 €         785,600 €         785,600 €         785,600 €         3,663,600 €     
        Staff costs for Project, Product & Change Management Personnel 249,072 €         496,572 €          805,668 €         805,668 €         971,204 €         1,041,204 €     4,369,38 8 €     
        Staff costs for Information Exchange Personnel - €                  58,000 €            143,600 €         201,600 €         201,600 €         287,200 €         892,000 €         
        Staff costs for all other managerial and administrative support staff 58,000 €           58,000 €            116,000 €         235,500 €         235,500 €         235,500 €         938,500 €         
    Communications & maintenance 378,451 €         661,618 €          1,001,807 €     1,396,423 €     1,699,221 €     1,926,099 €     7,063,619 €     
        Communications & IT 201,778 €         348,774 €          541,200 €         781,088 €         952,342 €         1,059,26 8 €     3,884,450 €     
        Maintenance 176,673 €         312,844 €          460,607 €         615,335 €         746,879 €         866,831 €         3,179,169 €     
    Operational applications 300,000 €         1,100,000 €      1,900,000 €     2,300,000 €     2,700,000 €     3,100,000 €     11,400,000 €   
        Decision support applications, resource information and management applications, etc. 300,000 €         1,100,000 €      1,900,000 €     2,300,000 €     2,700,000 €     3,100,000 €     11,400,000 €   
            - Specify type of application software    Explanation to estimates (open text)Total 2,764,078€      7,374,251 €      9,688,796 €      11,315,951 €    12,163,809 €    10,456,827 €    53,763,712 €    
 
*  Approximately 60 per cent of the FSC costs relate to  the generation and/or use of CPIP products and services. 
                                                 
11  Costs estimates have been provided by Frontex and validated by GHK. 
 
EN 45   EN  
Policy Option 1.2. Annual costs of the FSC for command and control competencies for at least land and maritime surveillance 
(where applicable), 2011-2016, Euros (€)* 
 
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total 
One-off costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - CAPEX)
    Building & infrastructure 41,715 €           107,375 €          175,527 €         4,131,016 €          3,624,16 0 €          146,012 €              8,225,805 €     
        Building construction - €                  - €                   20,00 0 €           4,000,00 0 €          3,500,00 0 €          20,00 0 €                7,540,00 0 €     
        Gigabit Ethernet infrastructure 24,00 0 €           66,00 0 €            78,00 0 €           48,00 0 €                36,00 0 €                36,00 0 €                288,00 0 €         
        Building security 13,615 €           22,225 €            24,077 €           14,816 €                9,26 0 €                   11,112 €                95,105 €            
        Furniture 4,10 0 €              19,15 0 €            53,45 0 €           68,20 0 €                78,90 0 €                78,90 0 €                302,70 0 €         
    Operating & IT equipment 1,511,24 0 €     6,380,91 0 €      6,786,53 0 €     4,772,48 0 €          4,293,86 0 €          4,266,86 0 €          28,011,88 0 €   
        IT hardware 11,24 0 €           380,91 0 €          786,53 0 €         772,480 €             793,86 0 €              766,86 0 €              3,511,88 0 €     
        IT software 1,500,00 0 €     6,000,00 0 €      6,000,00 0 €     4,000,00 0 €          3,500,00 0 €          3,500,00 0 €          24,500,00 0 €   
    Explanation to estimates (open text)Recurring costs (generally categorised as operating expenditure - OPEX)
    Personnel 532,672 €         1,444,972 €      2,488,868 €     3,115,504 €          3,479,04
0 €          3,820,64 0 €          14,881,69 6 €   
        Staff costs for Senior Duty Officer - €                  256,80 0 €          428,00 0 €         513,600 €             513,60 0 €              513,60 0 €              2,225,60 0 €     
        Staff costs for Duty Officer 225,60 0 €         575,60 0 €          995,60 0 €         1,205,60 0 €          1,275,60 0 €          1,345,60 0 €          5,623,60 0 €     
        Staff costs for Project, Product & Change Management Personnel 249,072 €         496,572 €          805,66 8 €         901,204 €             1,194,74 0 €          1,322,74 0 €          4,969,996 €     
        Staff costs for Information Exchange Personnel - €                  58,00 0 €            143,60 0 €         201,600 €             201,60 0 €              287,20 0 €              892,00 0 €         
        Staff costs for all other managerial and administrative support staff 58,00 0 €           58,00 0 €            116,00 0 €         293,500 €             293,50 0 €              351,50 0 €              1,170,50 0 €     
    Communications & maintenance 378,451 €         812,174 €          1,283,907 €     1,810,067 €          2,244,409 €          2,614,423 €          9,143,431 €     
        Communications & IT 201,77 8 €         348,774 €          541,20 0 €         781,088 €             952,342 €              1,059,268 €          3,884,45 0 €     
        Maintenance 176,673 €         463,40 0 €          742,707 €         1,028,979 €          1,292,067 €          1,555,155 €          5,258,981 €     
    Operational applications 300,00 0 €         1,500,00 0 €      2,700,00 0 €     2,420,00 0 €          2,850,00 0 €          3,280,00 0 €          13,050,00 0 €   
        Decision support applications, resource information and management applications, etc. 300,00 0 €         1,500,00 0 €      2,700,00 0 €     2,420,00 0 €          2,850,00 0 €          3,280,00 0 €          13,050,00 0 €   
            - Specify type of application software
    Explanation to estimates (open text)Total 2,764,078€      10,245,431 €    13,434,832 €    16,249,067 €        16,491,469 €         14,127,935 €         73,312,812 €    
 
*  Approximately 60 per cent of the FSC costs relate to  the generation and/or use of CPIP products and services. 
 
 
EN 46   EN Policy Option 1.3 Annual costs of the FSC for command and cont rol competencies for the surveillance of land borders, 
maritime borders, air borders and border checks, 2011-2016, Euros (€)* 
 
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total 
One-off costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - CAPEX)
    Building & infrastructure 41,715 €           107,375 €          184,029 €         4,139,518 €          3,649,666 €          146,012 €              8,268,315 €     
        Building construction - €                  - €                   20,00 0 €           4,000,00 0 €          3,500,00 0 €          20,00 0 €                7,540,00 0 €     
        Gigabit Ethernet infrastructure 24,00 0 €           66,00 0 €            84,00 0 €           54,00 0 €                54,00 0 €                36,00 0 €                318,00 0 €         
        Building security 13,615 €           22,225 €            25,929 €           16,668 €                14,816 €                11,112 €                104,365 €         
        Furniture 4,10 0 €              19,15 0 €            54,10 0 €           68,85 0 €                80,85 0 €                78,90 0 €                305,95 0 €         
    Operating & IT equipment 1,511,24 0 €     6,380,91 0 €      6,839,34 0 €     5,325,29 0 €          4,852,29 0 €          4,566,86 0 €          29,475,93 0 €   
        IT hardware 11,24 0 €           380,91 0 €          839,34 0 €         825,290 €             852,29 0 €              816,86 0 €              3,725,93 0 €     
        IT software 1,500,00 0 €     6,000,00 0 €      6,000,00 0 €     4,500,00 0 €          4,000,00 0 €          3,750,00 0 €          25,750,00 0 €   
    Explanation to estimates (open text)Recurring costs (generally categorised as operating expenditure - OPEX)
    Personnel 532,672 €         1,444,972 €      2,558,868 €     3,255,504 €          3,817,04
0 €          4,158,64 0 €          15,767,69 6 €   
        Staff costs for Senior Duty Officer - €                  256,80 0 €          428,00 0 €         513,600 €             513,60 0 €              513,60 0 €              2,225,60 0 €     
        Staff costs for Duty Officer 225,60 0 €         575,60 0 €          1,065,60 0 €     1,345,60 0 €          1,485,60 0 €          1,555,60 0 €          6,253,60 0 €     
        Staff costs for Project, Product & Change Management Personnel 249,072 €         496,572 €          805,66 8 €         901,204 €             1,264,74 0 €          1,392,74 0 €          5,109,996 €     
        Staff costs for Information Exchange Personnel - €                  58,00 0 €            143,60 0 €         201,600 €             201,60 0 €              287,20 0 €              892,00 0 €         
        Staff costs for all other managerial and administrative support staff 58,00 0 €           58,00 0 €            116,00 0 €         293,500 €             351,50 0 €              409,50 0 €              1,286,50 0 €     
    Communications & maintenance 378,451 €         812,174 €          1,298,119 €     1,849,053 €          2,336,593 €          2,718,293 €          9,392,683 €     
        Communications & IT 201,77 8 €         348,774 €          543,82 0 €         796,890 €             986,56 6 €              1,105,178 €          3,983,006 €     
        Maintenance 176,673 €         463,40 0 €          754,299 €         1,052,163 €          1,350,027 €          1,613,115 €          5,409,677 €     
    Operational applications 300,00 0 €         1,500,00 0 €      2,700,00 0 €     2,520,00 0 €          3,050,00 0 €          3,530,00 0 €          13,600,00 0 €   
        Decision support applications, resource information and management applications, etc. 300,00 0 €         1,500,00 0 €      2,700,00 0 €     2,520,00 0 €          3,050,00 0 €          3,530,00 0 €          13,600,00 0 €   
            - Specify type of application software
    Explanation to estimates (open text)Total 2,764,078€      10,245,431 €    13,580,356 €    17,089,365 €        17,705,589 €         15,119,805 €         76,504,624 €    
 
*  Approximately 60 per cent of the FSC costs relate to  the generation and/or use of CPIP products and services. 
 
 
EN 47   EN ANNEX 5 
Cost estimates for the EUROSUR netw ork in line with Policy Options 2.1, 
2.2 and 2.3 (2011-2020)12 
 
Extension of the EUROSUR network over the 2011-2020 period 
 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total
No of 
NCCs 6 18 18 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 
No of 
Agencies 1 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 
 
 
Cost Estimates (2011-2020) 
  Policy Option 2.1 Policy Option 2.2: Policy Option 2.3: 
Network 
related costs €42,401k €46,743k €49,321k 
RAU CPIP 
costs €0k €29,290k €29,290k 
Total costs €42,401k €76,033k €78,611k 
 
It is important to notice that these costs prov ided are based on the expected volume of data 
transfer as defined in the EURO SUR technical study. If the volume of data transfer is higher 
than expected, these costs re ported could be underestimated.  
 
 
                                                 
12  Cost estimates have been provided by Frontex and validated by GHK. 
 
EN 48   EN PO2.1 costs  
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
Total cost estimated to be incurred 1852 2120 2990 1660 520 520 9662
Individual cost items included in total 
cost
Hardware & Software Y e sY e sY e sY e sY e sY e s
Frontex personnel Y e sY e sY e sY e sY e sY e s Programme Management and ICT personnel
Contractor services Y e sY e sY e sY e sY e sY e s
Connectivity Y e sY e sY e sY e sY e sY e s
Training No No No No No No no training included
(other) Redundancy No No Yes Yes Yes Yes redundancy from 2013
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
Total cost estimated to be incurred 96 1798 3373 3628 3628 3628 16149
Individual cost items included in total 
cost
Hardware & Software Y e sY e sY e sY e sY e sY e s
Frontex personnel No No No No No No this concept is included in the maintenance rows below
Contractor services Y e sY e sY e sY e sY e sY e s limited after 2013
Connectivity Y e sY e sY e sY e sY e sY e s
Training No No No No No No no training included
(other) 8hours /5 days maintenance No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8/5 from 2012
(other) 24hours /7 days maintenance No No Yes Yes Yes Yes 24/7 from 20131. Extension: Estimating the set-up and upgrade costs for extending EUROSUR network
2. Running costs: Estimating the operation, maintenance and annual recurring costs of the network
 
EN 49   EN PO2.2 costs   
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
Total cost estimated to be incurred 1852 2120 3788 1976 520 520 10776
Individual cost items included in total 
cost
Hardware & Software Y e sY e sY e sY e sY e sY e s
Frontex personnel Y e sY e sY e sY e sY e sY e s programme management and ICT personnel
Contractor services Y e sY e sY e sY e sY e sY e s
Connectivity Y e sY e sY e sY e sY e sY e s
Training No No No No No No no training included
(other) Redundancy No No Yes Yes Yes Yes redundancy from 2013
(other) EU-RESTRICTED setup No No Yes Yes Yes Yes EU-RESRICTED from 2013
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
Total cost estimated to be incurred 96 1798 4020 3993 3997 3997 17900
Individual cost items included in total 
cost
Hardware & Software Y e sY e sY e sY e sY e sY e s
Frontex personnel No No No No No No this concept is included in the maintenance rows below
Contractor services Y e sY e sY e sY e sY e sY e s limited after 2013
Connectivity Y e sY e sY e sY e sY e sY e s
Training No No No No No No no training included
(other) 8hours /5 days maintenance No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8/5 from 2012
(other) 24hours /7 days maintenance No No Yes Yes Yes Yes 24/7 from 2013
(other) EU-RESTRICTED Operation No No Yes Yes Yes Yes EU-RESRICTED from 20133. Extension: Estimating the set-up and upgrade costs for extending EUROSUR network to include the two additional capabilities:  (i) Exchange of information 
concerning cross border crime and (ii) Exchange of classified information via internet with encryption tools
4. Running costs: Estimating the operation, maintenance and annual recurring costs for extending the EUROSUR network  to includ e the two additional capabilities: (i) 
Exchange of information concerning border crime and (ii) Exchange of classified information via internet with encryption tools
 
EN 50   EN PO2.3 costs   
5. Extension: Estimating the set-up and upgrade costs for extending to a fully centralised version of Option 2.2 of the  EUROSU R network
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
Total cost estimated to be incurred 2318 2870 2448 1766 670 670 10742
Individual cost items included in total 
cost
Hardware & Software Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Frontex personnel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes programme management and ICT personnel
Contractor services Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Connectivity Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Training No No No No No No no training included
(other) Redundancy No No Yes Yes Yes Yes redundancy from 2013
(other) EU-RESTRICTED setup No No Yes Yes Yes Yes EU-RESTRICTED from 2013
6.Running costs: Estimating the operation, maintenance and annual recurring costs to a fully centralised version of Option 2.2 of the network
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
Total cost estimated to be incurred 96 1918 4575 4184 4188 4188 19148
Individual cost items included in total 
cost
Hardware & Software Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Frontex personnel No No No No No No this concept is included in the maintenance rows below
Contractor services Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes limited after 2013
Connectivity Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Training No No No No No No no training included
(other) 8hours /5 days maintenance No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8/5 from 2012
(other) 24hours /7 days maintenance No No Yes Yes Yes Yes 24/7 from 2013
(other) EU-RESTRICTED Operation No No Yes Yes Yes Yes EU-RESTRICTED from 2013
 
EN 51   EN  
 
  
Cost estimates for the Common Pre-fro ntier Intelligence Pictu re/CPIP (2011-2020) 
 
 
 
 
CPIP - FSC related costs  * 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Total COSTS FSC - CPIP 0 6,573,90 6 €  7,069,278 €  5,186,848 €  4,741,67 6 €   4,767,47 6 €  282,81 6 €      282,81 6 €      282,81 6 €      282,81 6 €       
PO2.2 (60% of PO1.2 for the following items below)         IT hardware - €               228,54
6 €      471,918 €      463,488 €      476,31 6 €       460,11 6 €      - €               - €               - €               - €                
        IT software - €               6,000,000 €  6,000,000 €  4,000,000 €  3,500,000 €   3,500,000 €  - €               - €               - €               - €                
        Staff costs for Duty Officer - €               345,360 €      597,360 €      723,360 €      765,360 €       807,360 €      282,81 6 €      282,81 6 €      282,81 6 €      282,81 6 €       
* Costs already taken into account in FSC SP1 -  PO1.2 costs (60% of IT HW and SW and duty officer costs)  - and excluded from the calculation of  
 
 
EN 52   EN RAU CPIP costs 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
One-off costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - CAPEX)
    Building & infrastructure 0 102,020 81,740 35,190 35,190 35,190 35,190 35,190 35,190 35,190
        B u i l d i n g  c o n s t r u c t i o n 0000000000
        G i g a b i t  E t h e r n e t  i n f r a s t r u c t u r e 0 7 2 , 0 0 0 4 2 , 0 0 00000000
        Building security 0 22,220 35,190 35,190 35,190 35,190 35,190 35,190 35,190 35,190
        F u r n i t u r e 0 7 , 8 0 0 4 , 5 5 00000000
    Operating & IT equipment 0 240,260 32,510 11,440 11,440 11,440 11,440 11,440 11,440 11,440
        IT hardware 0 40,460 30,350 10,680 10,680 10,680 10,680 10,680 10,680 10,680
        IT software 0 199,800 2,160 760 760 760 760 760 760 760
    Explanation to estimates (open text)
Recurring costs (generally categorised as operating expenditure - OPEX)
    Personnel 0 964,620 1,496,620 1,496,620 1,496,620 1,496,620 1,496,620 1,496,620 1,496,620 1,496,620
        Staff costs for Management staff 0 192,380 261,420 261,420 261,420 261,420 261,420 261,420 261,420 261,420
        Staff costs for Analytical staff 0 634,160 959,040 959,040 959,040 959,040 959,040 959,040 959,040 959,040
        Staff costs for Operational Staff 0 138,080 276,160 276,160 276,160 276,160 276,160 276,160 276,160 276,160
    Communications & maintenance 0 165,740 282,580 282,580 282,580 282,580 282,580 282,580 282,580 282,580
        Communications & I T 0 26,640 62,330 62,330 62,330 62,330 62,330 62,330 62,330 62,330
        Maintenance 0 139,100 220,250 220,250 220,250 220,250 220,250 220,250 220,250 220,250    Intelligence 0 322,000 590,000 590,000 590,000 590,000 590,000 590,000 590,000 590,000
        Intelligence subscriptions / services 0 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 95,000
        Reports / Regional Studies / Profiles 0 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000
        Regular global polls/surveys 0 50,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000
        Translations 0 27,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000 45,000
    Geo-data 0 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000
        Geo-data 0 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000
    Explanation to estimates (open text) 0
Total 0 2,694,640 3,383,450 3,315,830 3,315,830 3,315,830 3,315,830 3,315,830 3,315,830 3,315,830
 
 
 
EN 53   EN  
ANNEX 6.1 
Additional information on regiona l networks with third countries 
1) SEAHORSE  
SEAHORSE is a regional network between We stern African countries, Spain and Portugal. 
It aims at reinforcing the coope ration with African count ries and improve of their capacities to 
fight against irregular migra tion and provide support to mar itime operations (e.g. Frontex' 
HERA operations). It is led by  Spain (Guardia Civil) and wa s financed by the EU (AENEAS 
Programme). The development of the SEAHORSE  Project was concluded in 2010. It consists 
of a network of ten national c ooperation centres set up in Ma uritania (2), Morocco (1), 
Senegal (1), Gambia (1), Guinea Bissau (1), Cape Verde (1), Portugal (1) and Spain (2) interlinked via a communication network for the coordination and permanent exchange of 
information via a secure satellite link.  
The SEAHORSE network allows the distributi on of information about migration flows, 
location of suspicious vessels, coordination of rescue operations and in terception of vessels. 
By providing operative information in real-time,  it allows the effective decision on controlling 
any irregular activity in the area. 
In addition, the SEAHORSE Network encour ages the inter-regiona l cooperation between 
Sub-Saharan Africa and the Maghreb in the mana gement of the migrat ory flows by migration 
authorities, thereby supporting border manage ment. The conception of the solution as a 
modular system allows it to be extended to ot her African Countries and even to expand to 
other Regional Centres in the European domain.  
2) Baltic Sea Region Border Contro l Cooperation (BSRBCC) and COASTNET 
BSRBCC is seen as a regional to ol for daily inter-agency (po lice, customs, coast guard and 
border guards) interaction in the Baltic Sea to  combat cross-border cr ime and environmental 
protection of the maritime areas, able to adjust with time and changing conditions. Participating Member States and third count ries are Estonia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, 
Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden as well as  Norway and Russia. I celand holds an observer 
status. 
National Coordination Centres (NCC) which are connected 24/7 have been built up in all 
participating States. Moreover, the BSRBCC is the frame for carrying out operations, training 
and regular meetings, also under observation an d strategic participation from Frontex. The 
NCCs are exchanging relevant information via a dedicated network called COASTNET. It is 
a needs-based reporting system where daily comm unication occurs via an encrypted system.  
3) Black Sea Littoral States Border/Coas t Guard Cooperation Forum (BSCF) and 
Black Sea Border Coordination and Information Centre (BBCIC) 
The BSCF is a cooperation agreement between bor der/coast guard agencies of the Black Sea 
Littoral States. One of its task s is to enhance interactions among border/coast guard agencies 
in order to prevent irregular migration and illegal  activities; as well as strengthening the safety 
and security of navigation in the Black Sea. Participating countries are Bulgaria, Romania, 
Ukraine, Russia, Georgia and Turkey. Informati on exchanges with regard to illegal activities 
in the Black Sea take place via the Black Sea Border Coordination and Information Centre  
(BBCIC) at Burgas in Bulgaria. The information is shared through an on-line computer network, enabling rapid information flow a nd enhancing cooperation between the BSCF 
countries. 
 
EN 54   EN  
Current competencies of the Regional Centres / Networks 
Competencies   BSCF-BBCIC SEAHORSE BSRBCC - 
COASTNET 
Member States’ participation  BG, RO PT, ES FI, ET, DK, FI, DE, 
LT, LI, PL, SE 
Coordination with national authorities Maritime Admi nistration, 
Executive Agency of 
Fishery and Aquaculture, 
the Navy Police, Customs, 
Navy, SASEMAR Police, Customs, 
Defence Forces, 
Aviation authorities, 
Maritime Safety 
authorities, at the 
areal level  
Coordination with third countries NCCs Ukraine, Russia, Turkey 
and Georgia Morocco, Mauritania, 
Senegal, Cape Verde, 
Gambia, G. Bissau Russia, Norway, 
Iceland (observer 
status only)  
Coordination with Sub-national coordination 
centres  Yes  Yes Yes 
Coordination with 
FRONTEX No Yes  Yes 
Command and Control 
(C2)  No Yes  Yes 
 
Current responsibilities of the Regional Centres / Networks 
Surveillance 
responsibilities  BSCF-BBCIC SEAHORSE BSRBCC - 
COASTNET 
Maritime  Yes Yes  Yes  
Air  No Yes Yes 
Land  No No Yes 
Border Checks No No  Yes 
All the three regional networks are connected to their respective national NCCs. The types 
of information exchanged through the networ ks are summarised in the table below.  
Type of information exchanged through the networks  
 BSCF-BBCIC SEAHORSE BSRBCC - 
COASTNET 
Classification level Protected but 
unclassified  Up to “EU Secret” Up to 
“Confidential” 
Description of the 
information 
exchanged  Data of suspicious 
ships, actions 
undertaken and 
results thereof.  Intelligence reports, irregular border 
crossing reports, daily reports, 
monthly reports, assets situation in a 
daily basis and in an national and international operational 
environment Incidents and 
alerts, not personal 
data 
 
 
EN 55   EN  
Overall costs for setting up, upgrading and main taining the technical infrastructure of the 
three regional cooperation centres over the 2007-2010 period 
Total  BSCF-BBCIC SEAHORSE BSRBCC - 
COASTNET  
€77,055k €36,163k €4,827k €36,065k 
 
Cost breakdown by type of financial source for setting up, upgrading and maintaining the 
technical infrastructure of the three regional cooperation centres over the 2007-2010 period 
Financial source  BSCF-BBCIC SEAHORSE BSRBCC - 
COASTNET  
National funding €9,163k €971k €36,065k 
European Border Fund 
(EBF) - - - 
DCI - Thematic 
Programme Migration and Asylum  - €1,857k - 
AENEAS Programme  - €1,999k - 
Other EU funding €27,000k - - 
 
Number of FTE employed in each Regional Centre / Network over the 2007-2010 period 
Year  Total  BSCF-BBCIC SEAHORSE BSRBCC - COASTNET  
2007 89 26 28 35 
2008 89 26 28 35 
2009 90 27 28 35 
2010 158 95 28 35 
 
 
 PO3_baseline 
(2007-2010) PO3.1 
(2011-2020) PO3.2 
(2011-2020) PO3.3 
(2011-2020) 
BSCF-BBCIC €36,100k 0 0 N/A 
SEAHORSE €4,800k 0 €5,377k N/A 
BSRBCC - COASTNET €36,000k 0 0 N/A 
TOTAL €77,000k 0 €5,377k €25,299k 
TOTAL cumulative costs  
(2011-2020) 0 0 €5,377k €25,299k 
 
 
EN 56   EN ANNEX 6.2 
Baseline costs for regional networks with third countries 
 
BSCF-BBCIC (Black Sea) 
2. Financial amounts spent in setting up, upgrading and maintaining the technical infrastructure of the regional cooperation ce ntre
2007 2008 2009 2010 Total
Total cost incurred 106000 1750 0 3900 0 36,000,000 36162500
Individual cost items included in total cost    One-off costs (generally categorised as capital 
expenditure - CAPEX)        Building & infrastructure yes yes yes yes         Operating & IT equipment yes yes yes yes     Recurring costs (generally categorised as capital 
expenditure - OPEX)        Personnel yes yes yes yes         Communications & maintenance yes yes yes yes         Operational applications yes yes yes yes             - Specify type of application softwareTotal cost breakdown by type of financial source    National funding 106000 1750
0 3900 0 9,000,00 0
    European Border Fund (EBF) 0 0 0
DCI - Thematic Programme Migration and Asylum 0 0 0
AENAS Programme 0 0 0
    Other EU funding 0 0 0 27,000,000
    - Explain 'Other EU funding'  
 
SEAHORSE (Atlantic/Western Africa) 
2. Financial amounts spent in setting up, upgrading and maintaining the technical infrastructure of the regional network 
including the regional cooperation centre
2007 2008 2009 2010 Total
Total cost incurred 1,967,685.55 534,872.13 2,324,656.25 4,827,213.93
Individual cost items included in total cost
    One-off costs (generally categorised as capital 
expenditure - CAPEX)
        Building & infrastructure yes yes yes 
        Operating & IT equipment yes yes yes 
    Recurring costs (generally categorised as capital 
expenditure - OPEX)        Personnel yes yes yes 
        Communications & maintenance yes yes yes 
        Operational applications yes yes yes 
            - Specify type of application software GIS,IT GIS,IT
Total cost breakdown by type of financial source
    National funding 395,898.33 107,616.27 467,488.37
    European Border Fund (EBF)
DCI - Thematic Programme Migration and Asylum 1,857,167.88
AENAS Programme 1,571,787.22 427,255.85
    Other EU funding 
    - Explain 'Other EU funding'From 2008 to 2010 was set up a SEAHORSE 
extension in Morocco, G. Bissau and Gambia called 
"Seahorse Cooperation Centres
 
 
 
EN 57   EN BSRBCC – COASTNET (Baltic Sea) 
2. Financial amounts spent in setting up, upgrading and maintaining the technical infrastructure of the regional cooperation ce ntre
2007 2008 2009 2010 Total
Total cost incurred 8676948.516 8899434.375 9127625 9361666.667 36,065,674.56     
Individual cost items included in total cost
    One-off costs (generally categorised as capital 
expenditure - CAPEX)        Building & infrastructure yes yes yes yes         Operating & IT equipment yes yes yes yes     Recurring costs (generally categorised as capital 
expenditure - OPEX)        Personnel yes yes yes yes         Communications & maintenance yes yes yes yes         Operational applications yes yes yes yes             - Specify type of application software Finnish Border Guard Information systemsTotal cost breakdown by type of financial source    National funding 8,676,948.52           8,899,434.38    9,127,625.0
0 9,361,666.67     
    European Border Fund (EBF) 0 0 0 0
DCI - Thematic Programme Migration and Asylum 0 0 0 0
AENAS Programme 0 0 0 0
    Other EU funding 0 0 0 0
    - Explain 'Other EU funding'  All means that all funding for the RCC:s comes from the budget of 
Finnish Border Guard.  
 
EN 58   EN ANNEX 6.3 
Cost estimates for Policy Options 3.2 and 3.3 
Policy Option 3.2: SEAHORSE Mediterraneo 
7. Estimates of the financial costs for setting up and maintaining the SEAHORSE Mediterraneo network in three selected neighbou ring countries,
 including the costs for the Regional Coordination Centre in Maltese NCC and the back-up centre in the Italian NCC (funded from  DCI-Thematic Programme for Asylum & Migration)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
Total cost estimated to be incurred 3,226,544.80 0 0 0 3226544.8
Individual cost items included in total cost
    One-off costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - CAPEX)
        Building & infrastructure yes 
        Operating & IT equipment yes yes yes yes 
    Recurring costs (generally categorised as capital expenditure - OPEX)
        Personnel yes 
        Communications & maintenance yes yes yes yes 
        Operational applications yes 
            - Specify type of application software GIS,IT
    Explanation to estimatesThe implementation of the "Seahore Mediterraneo 
project" will be in 2013, and for the next three years (from 
2014 to 2016) we expect to have an operational and 
maintenance guarantee, that is why we will not incur in 
comunication and maintenance costs.About your second question, 2013 is because of actual plans, the proyect is st ill 
in progress.
 
 
 
Policy Option 3.3: Connecting 15 third count ries directly to the EUROSUR network 
 
2011 2012 2013 201 4 2015 2016 Total
Total cost estimated to be incurred 0 0 3896 7851.5 2258.5 2258.5 16,264.50        
Set up and upgrade costs 0 0 1986 2882 26 0 260 5,388.00           
Recurring costs 0 0 947 4006.5 1998.5 1998.5 8,950.50           
Decommissioning costs 0 0 963 963 0 0 1,926.00            
 
 
EN 59   EN ANNEX 7.1 
Cost estimates for Policy Option 4.1 
Summary of costs by policy option (€ 000’s) 
Cost Option 4.1 Option 4.2 Option 4.3 
Staff 32,784 12,909 17,664 
Procurement 47,69 9 49,142 44,615 
Total  €80.5 million €62.1 million €62.3 million 
 
Estimated total costs for Policy Option 4.1 (€’000) 
Year  EMSA JRC FRONTEX EUSC NCCs TOTAL 
2012 586 60 60 408 527 1,641 
2013 1,148 120 60 1,172 879 3,379 
2014 2,739 120 60 2,098 2,019 7,035 
2015 5,361 120 60 2,710 3,173 11,424 
2016 5,338 120 60 2,710 3,173 11,401 
2017 5,338 120 60 2,710 3,173 11,401 
2018 5,338 120 60 2,710 3,173 11,401 
2019 5,338 120 60 2,710 3,173 11,401 
2020 5,338 120 60 2,710 3,173 11,401 
Total                           €80.5 million
 
Staff costs (€) 
Year EMSA JRC FRONTEX EUSC NCCs TOTAL 
2012 234,128 60,000 59,50 4 91,725 527,446 972,803 
2013 203,685 120,000 59,50 4 309,781 879,076 1,572,047 
2014 466,246 120,000 59,50 4 553,687 2,019,164 3,218,601 
2015 525,664 120,000 59,50 4 644,359 3,172,972 4,522,500 
2016 502,828 120,000 59,50 4 644,359 3,172,972 4,499,664 
2017 502,828 120,000 59,50 4 644,359 3,172,972 4,499,664 
2018 502,828 120,000 59,50 4 644,359 3,172,972 4,499,664 
2019 502,828 120,000 59,50 4 644,359 3,172,972 4,499,664 
2020 502,828 120,000 59,50 4 644,359 3,172,972 4,499,664 
      32,784,268 
 
EN 60   EN Procurement costs (€) 
Year EMSA JRC FRONTEX EUSC NCCs Total 
2012 352,000 - - 315,920 - 667,920 
2013 944,460 - - 862,510 - 1,806,970 
2014 2,272,380 - - 1,544,180 - 3,816,560 
2015 4,835,600 - - 2,065,580 - 6,901,180 
2016 4,835,600 - - 2,065,580 - 6,901,180 
2017 4,835,600 - - 2,065,580 - 6,901,180 
2018 4,835,600 - - 2,065,580 - 6,901,180 
2019 4,835,600 - - 2,065,580 - 6,901,180 
2020 4,835,600 - - 2,065,580 - 6,901,180 
      47,698,530 
 
  
 
EN 61   EN ANNEX 7.2 
Cost estimates for Policy Option 4.2 
Table 1.1  Estimated total costs for policy option 4.2 (€) 
Year  EMSA JRC FRONTEX EUSC TOTAL 
2012 554 60 534 379 1,527 
2013 1,062 120 832,473 1,094 3,109 
2014 2,532 120 1,077 1,957 5,686 
2015 4,922 120 1,077 2,522 8,641 
2016 4,899 120 1,077 2,522 8,618 
2017 4,899 120 1,077 2,522 8,618 
2018 4,899 120 1,077 2,522 8,618 
2019 4,899 120 1,077 2,522 8,618 
2020 4,899 120 1,077 2,522 8,618 
Total €62.1 million
 
Staff costs (€) 
Year EMSA JRC FRONTEX EUSC TOTAL 
2012 234,128 60,000 182,464 91,725 568,316 
2013 203,685 120,000 358,960 309,781 992,426 
2014 466,246 120,000 368,878 553,687 1,508,810 
2015 525,664 120,000 368,878 644,359 1,658,901 
2016 502,828 120,000 368,878 644,359 1,636,065 
2017 502,828 120,000 368,878 644,359 1,636,065 
2018 502,828 120,000 368,878 644,359 1,636,065 
2019 502,828 120,000 368,878 644,359 1,636,065 
2020 502,828 120,000 368,878 644,359 1,636,065 
     12,908,778 
 
Procurement costs (€) 
Year EMSA JRC FRONTEX EUSC Total 
2012 320,000 - 351,552 287,200 958,752 
2013 858,600 - 473,513 784,100 2,116,213 
 
EN 62   EN 2014 2,065,800 - 707,841 1,403,800 4,177,441 
2015 4,396,000 - 707,841 1,877,800 6,981,641 
2016 4,396,000 - 707,841 1,877,800 6,981,641 
2017 4,396,000 - 707,841 1,877,800 6,981,641 
2018 4,396,000 - 707,841 1,877,800 6,981,641 
2019 4,396,000 - 707,841 1,877,800 6,981,641 
2020 4,396,000 - 707,841 1,877,800 6,981,641 
     49,142,252 
 
Division of workload in option 4.2 (%) 
EMSA EUSC 
Year  
Industry In-house Industry In-house 
2012 58% 42% 76% 24% 
2013 81% 19% 87% 13% 
2014 82% 18% 86% 14% 
2015 89% 11% 89% 11% 
2016 90% 10% 89% 11% 
2017 90% 10% 89% 11% 
2018 90% 10% 89% 11% 
2019 90% 10% 89% 11% 
2020 90% 10% 89% 11% 
 
EN 63   EN  
ANNEX 7.3 
Cost estimates for Policy Option 4.3 
Estimated total costs for policy option 4.3 (€’000) 
Year  EMSA JRC FRONTEX EUSC TOTAL 
2012 - 60 1,586 - 1,646 
2013 - 120 3,152 - 3,272 
2014 - 120 5,754 - 5,874 
2015 - 120 8,488 - 8,608 
2016 
- 120 8,456 - 8,576 
2017 - 120 8,456 - 8,576 
2018 - 120 8,456 - 8,576 
2019 - 120 8,456 - 8,576 
2020 - 120 8,456 - 8,576 
Total               €62.3 million 
 
Staff costs (€) 
Year EMSA JRC FRONTEX EUSC TOTAL 
2012 - 60,000 711,643 - 771,643 
2013 - 120,000 1,221,397 - 1,341,397 
2014 - 120,000 1,944,334 - 2,064,334 
2015 - 120,000 2,154,461 - 2,274,461 
2016 - 120,000 2,122,491 - 2,242,491 
2017 - 120,000 2,122,491 - 2,242,491 
2018 - 120,000 2,122,491 - 2,242,491 
2019 - 120,000 2,122,491 - 2,242,491 
2020 - 120,000 2,122,491 - 2,242,491 
     17,664,290 
 
 
EN 64   EN Procurement costs (€) 
Year EMSA JRC FRONTEX EUSC Total 
2012 320,000 - 351,552 287,200 958,752 
2013 858,600 - 473,513 784,100 2,116,213 
2014 2,065,800 - 707,841 1,403,800 4,177,441 
2015 4,396,000 - 707,841 1,877,800 6,981,641 
2016 4,396,000 - 707,841 1,877,800 6,981,641 
2017 4,396,000 - 707,841 1,877,800 6,981,641 
2018 4,396,000 - 707,841 1,877,800 6,981,641 
2019 4,396,000 - 707,841 1,877,800 6,981,641 
2020 4,396,000 - 707,841 1,877,800 6,981,641 
     49,142,251 
 
 
EN 65   EN List of abbreviations   ANNEX 8  
Abbreviation Glossary 
AIS Automatic Identification System (vessels) 
C2 Command & Control 
CIRAM Common Integrated Risk Analysis Model (Frontex) 
CeCLAD-M Centre de Coordination pour la lutte antidrogue en Méditerranée 
COI Community of Interest 
CONOPS Concept of Operations 
COSI Standing Committee for Operational Cooperation on Internal Security 
CPIP Common Pre-Frontier Intelligence Picture 
CRATE Centralised Record of Available Technical Equipment (Frontex) 
DG HOME Directorate-General Home Affairs (Commission) 
EBF External Borders Fund 
EDA European Defence Agency 
EMSA European Maritime Safety Agency 
EO Earth-Observation 
EPN European Patrols Network (Frontex) 
ESG Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-GmbH (EUROSUR study contractor) 
ESP European Situational Picture 
ESRIF European Security Re search and Innovation Forum 
EU European Union 
EURODAC European fingerprint database for as ylum seekers and irregular border-crossers 
EUROPOL European Police Office 
EUROSUR European Border Surveillance System 
EUSC European Union Satellite Centre 
FSC Frontex Situation Centre 
FRONTEX European Border Management Agency 
GMES Global Monitoring for Environment and Security 
HUMINT Human Intelligence 
IER Information Exchange Requirement 
ISR Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance 
LCC Local Coordination Centre  
LRIT Long Range Identification and Tracking System (vessels) 
LSP Local Situational Picture 
IMINT Imagery Intelligence 
ILO Immigration Liaison Officer 
JO Joint Operation (Frontex) 
MAOC-N Maritime Analysis and Operations Centre – Narcotics 
MS Member State 
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 
NEC Network Enabled Capabilities 
NCC National Coordination Centre 
NSP National Situational Picture  
OSINT Open Source Intelligence 
R&D Research & Development 
RA Risk Analysis 
RAU Risk Analysis Unit (Frontex) 
RCC Regional Coordination Centre 
SAR Search and Rescue / Synthetic Aperture Radar (sensor) 
SIGINT Signals Intelligence 
SOA Service Oriented Architecture 
S-TESTA Trans European Services for Telematics between Administrations  
UAS, UAV Unmanned Aerial Syst em, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 
VMS Vessel Monitoring Sy stem (fishing vessels) 
VTS Vessel Tracking System