ARCHIVESHISTORIQUES
DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEEDES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(78)472
Vol.1978/0177

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(78)472final
Brussels,25September1978
GENERALGUIDELINES FORFINANCIAL AND
TECHNICAL AIDFORNON-ASSOCIATED
DEVELOPING COUNTRIESIN1979*
(Communication fromtheCommission
totheCouncil)
COM(78)472final

INTRODUCTION . 1
»· Λ
Thepresentdocumentoontainstheideasofthef'waa-.ssxonoonoerning
thegeneralguidelineswhiohshouldgoverntheJ-979aidprcizT-&mme,
Thisdocumenthas"beenprepared ,atatimewhenthearaovmtofcredit
engagementato."beinscribedinthebudgetfortheyear1975coveringthisaidis
notyetkaown.(Thebu&gotaryauthoritywillonlytakeafinaldecisionontiiia^ v- -
subjectattheendof1978).Nevertheless ,theCommissionconsidersthat-
inordertodemonstrate bothcontinuity .and'progression inthispolicy,the
amountshouldbosignificantly increasedoverthat>inscribedinthebudget
ofthecurrentyea?(70MEUA).Thisviewis.supportedbythedeclarations of
intentmadeduringthecourseofthelastSummitinBonn.
Given:that^thisprogransnehas'nowreachedthefourthyearofits'
existence,andthatagreementhasbeenreachedamongthedifferentinstitutions
ontheessentialsoftheRegulationfixingthecriteriaaccordingtovfeioh»
thisaidshouldbeadministered(cfparticularlyarticles2»3&4)»itis
relativelyeasierthisyearthaninthepasttoestablishthegeneralguide­
lineswhichshouldgovern:thegrantingofthisaid. -

I. The experience ofpast years
Although 1979 marks -thefourth year ofthis newCommunity policy ,
' .inreality only twoprogrammes have "been put into operation uptothe
present .Further ,theexecution ofthese twoprogrammes isnot asyet
very advanced ,ascan "beseen inthedisbursement figures shown inthe
annexe .' ,
Theindications which onecandraw from this experience are ,therefore
rather limited . f~ . ••
First ofall ,thetime-lag between anddisbursements is
%
very considerable .Further ,notonedisbursement hasyetbeen mede during
theyekr ofengagement .-This hasarisen from thefact that ,uptothe
present ,ithasbeen impossible toobtain financing decisions before
December ofeach year .While itis ,normal fordevelopment "projects tobe
executed over aperiod offour tosixyears ,-theinsufficient time available
fortheselection ofprojects hasprecluded giving anypreference tothose'
projects with mors rapid disbursement 9•
Measures will ,betaken from this year which will doubtless permit an
1improvement inthis situation .These will involve establishing theguide–'
'lines before thebegiixning of*thebudgetary year andestablishing regular
andpermanent contacts with thecorresponding services oftheMember States ,
aswell &awith world andregional aidorganisations andwith the
recipient .countries ./ ..
Inaddition ^andwith aview toenabling abetter preparation ofoar
prograaKe ,itwill beimportant toestablish aflow ofprojects (pipeline ),
some ofwhich will come tomaturity each year ,andwhich will also .permit a
better utilisation ofCozssiunity aidwithin theprojects selected .Toallow
thecreation ofthis pipeline ,itwill certainly be..useful *toutilise a .
proportion of'the aideach year forcarrying outfeasibility andimplemen -
't'ation studies . • ' 's '> .'.
'ITaverth&iees ,itshould barealised that forareasonable proportion of
ouraidthetide-lag between engagement anddisbursement will notfall
* • ' •
below tworthree years .
^Areport ontheexecution ofthe1976aidprogramme (20KEfJA)isbeing
trarsisitted totheCouncil */ ,-s ,
*7Ur:der th»administrative pl«a ,theCca?*pission ,vrithin itstotal requirement
forpersonnel *for1979 »haaincluded ademand aimed atreinforcing the
personnel de&lic ,;*with thsmatter ofnon-associated LDOs .

-3-
II.Theeuidelines
1."Reserve"forexceptional circumstances and 1 ' *
allocationforadministrative charges '
■• * '' •
■ ,'. •.* * *
1.1.Itisusefultofixfromthebeginningthatpartoftheaidwhioh
should "bereserved£ormeasuresintendedtodealwitfc.exceptional oircum-
V K
stanoes,follovringanypata'strophes inthenon-associ^ad developing .
*»
countries(n.a.LDCs).Thisreserveiadesignedtocovermedium-termand
long-termactions,eitherofreconstruction orofprevention.
Takingacoountoftheexperienceofthepastyear,itwouldseeia •_
that'anamountofsimilarmagnitude,7"to10$ofthetotalfinallyapproved
bythebudgetaryauthority,shouldbecapableofmeetingtheserequirements .
s* ' ''1.2'Itisalsoappropriatetoconsiderherethat,asinthepreviousyears,
acertainamountshouldbesetasidetocovertheimplementation ofthe
projects.TViis,wouldtakeitheformofstudiesandconsultingmissions,that
istosaycoveringthefeesofanumberofexperts*Theobjectofthese
missionswill-essentially betofollowtheexecutionofautonomousprojects,
andtoprovidespecialisedtechnicalcollaboration inth®identification and
appraisalphases.Thiscollaboration isnotIntendedasasubstituteforthe
workoftheservioesoftheCommission,whichshouldinanyoasebereinforced
asalreadyforeseen...' -
TheamountsetasideunderthisheadingshouldbeoftheBamaorder .
asinthepastyear,thatisaround0.5MEUA.
«'•••' - *
> * . ».
ι
2.Thegeographical allocationoftheaid
• k »
2.1Afrioahasbeenj-noludedinthisprogrammeforthefirst-timeinJL978»
andthe'1979programmeshouldoontinuethis.AngolaandMozambiqueareamong
themostneedycountriesofAfrioa,andtheyhaveexpressedadesireto
receiveCommunityaidwhichshouldnotberefusedwhileawaitingtheir
eventualadhesiontothenewACPConvention.-Furthermore ,thepossibility ^
offurtherAfricancountriesaohievinginternational representation during
thecourseofthecomingyearshouldnotbeoverlooked.(Thismigfctpart­
^ » ' >icularlybetheoasewithNamibia.): "•

'-4-
Asia ,with thelargest number ofdeveloping countries asweir as
the poorest andmost populated ,should continue toreceive thedominant
♦ L . i■ x i »
proportion ofouraid . ' ^
InLatin America ,aidrequirements remain important ,even ifthis
continent ,taken asawhole ,hasachieved adegree ofdevelopment higher
than that ofAsia orAfrica ,Nevertheless ,asignificant intervention in
this region isjustified interms ofthedesire toensure areasonable -
*geographical equilibrium within th'eCommunity presence inthemajor regions
oftheworld . / _ '1
Taking account ofthepoints made above ,itwould seem that asafirst
.approximation oneshould aimatthe .following indicative distribution :73$
forAsia ;20$forLatin America ;jfoforAfrica .However ,acertain flexibility
-will be'necessary intheapplication ofthese percentages ,sothat only those
projects -which arevaluable andwhich conform tothe criteria approved bythe
-Community should beselected . 1 .
■ .' - *■ " * ■■ '
\2.2 Forthemoment ,anyallocation within themajor geographical zones and •
between thevarious countries andorganisations would evidently bepremature ,
particularly forAsia an<£Latin America *ForAfrica ,•ontheother hand ,one
might already envisage forAngola ,anamount ofciidsignificantly more impor­
tant than that of1978 ,given thesmall aiaeunt ofaidforthat country which
ithasbeen possible .toconsider uptothepresent <. *
Asfortheprevious year ,theapproach tobefollowed should be .
essentially apragmatic oneconsistent with identifying asmany' valuable
actions andprojects asspossible .Thecriteria tobefollowed inselecting
>projects wi.ll include inparticular thedegree offitbetween project objectives
and ourownprinciples ,thetechnical possibility ofachieving thedesired .
..goals ,themanner inwhich earlier projects have been implemented ,andthe
degree ofcollaboration established with theVeepcnsible authorities .
- *.• • " u. »
This pragmatic approach would appear tobepreferable toconforming to
apre-established list ofrecipient countries andorganisations .However ,
the /relative rigidity ofthecriteria governing thegranting ofaidwill to
some extent reduce thestrength ofthis observation .Inaddition ,inthe
~■·. '■;'■' ■ ■■·:■'ί ·';Γ;·- ;;■'·.:··V :: ·Λ ':""

4 -5-
• .,. .* ' .ι).. : : ·. . -case ofAsia ,this list waswith three excejr-.ions 'thesame for1977 '
and1978 »andshould ,nothemodified suborfcarst '.^lly in1979 *Onacan ,
however ,confirm that ,after three years ,prictioally all l^hepotential
» ' t
beneficiary countries have been covered ,either directly orindirectly .
Λ·
ForLatin Amerioa ,changes between the1977 -973programmes
. ' -2);have been more numerous ,butthe«benefioiaries mil i^min byandlarge
thesame in1979 »assuming that ourexperience oonfims thepossibility of
-/
undertaking effective actions ineaoh ofthe countries c~*ered sofar .
With regard tothis last region ,andgivan tharather higher average
level ofdevelopment compared toAsia,' thenecessity ofselecting other
countries should lead usto -broaden ouraidconditions ,forexample in
favour ofthose sections ofthepopulation that areinthe greatest need ,
■* - -
"■ ' t
inthe poorest regions ofoertain other countries ,and intheframework of
conorete andincontestable projects *However ,this line should only be
followed incases -ofabsolute necessity .
■·» , " * * ' ^
Finally ,theresources available ,even ^though these will beincreased ,
are still evidently insufficient tomeet therequirements ofthe eligible
countries .Incertain circumstances ,itmayturn' outtobepreferable to
y
"concentrate "ouraid ,oneyear inoneoountry ,ther^xt inanother ,soas
togive eaoh asignificant contribution ,rather 'than intervening each year
ineaoh country with arelatively modest contribution ,which maynot permit
theimplementation ofsufficiently large projects .
■ ϊ' * ν '
Equally ,before considering anyfurther projects inaparticular
country ,itwill beabsolutely necessary totake into consideration the
» s ' ■*
manner inwhich projects finanoed earlier .have been executed .V
1)Uorth Yemen ,which benefited under the1977 programme ,waanotincluded
inthe1976 programme ,while Laos andASEAN were included in1973 for
the first time . '
2)Inthe1973 programme ,onecountry (Haiti )andfive regional organisations
(OLADE ,CIP,ClAT ,CAT'IE ,CFAB )were inoluded forthefirst INGAP,
ontheother hand ,vrasdropped . * '

3.Regionalcooperation
Thatpartofouraidintendedforregionalorganisations andprojects
ν»
(18$'in1978)shouldbemaintainedatthesamerelativelevel,totheextent
thattheseorganisations ,showthemselvescapableofpresentinggoodprojects'
andmanaging-themeffectively (thisasyetremainstobeseen).
Ahin1978,theimportanceoftheseprojectsin1979shallbedifferent
betweenAsiaandLatinAmerica,giventhatinthis^latterregion,the
processesofintegration ,alreadylonger-established ,arealsobetter
developedandbetterorganised,''''
-'InAsia,actionsinfavourofASEAUshouldbeintensified.InLatin
America,regionalcooperationhasalreadyinvolvedagoodnumberof
organisations ,bothgeographioandsectoral*'Thisshouldofcoursebe
followedupandouraidmightevenbeextendedtoother"organisations
(SELA,forexample,ifitshowsitselfcapableoffunctioninginasatisfactory
fashion)* ~
4*Seotoraldistribution *v •
Asfarasthevariouseconomicsectorsareconcerned,.andbasedonour
previousexperience,itseemsquitepossibletoidentifyvaluablenational
projectsintheruralsectorwhichwillbenefitthosesectionsofthe
1 1
populationthatareinthegreatestneed.
Theagricultural seotorwillbegiventhelargestconsideration ,though.
thisshouldnotleadcmstoexclude,incaseswherethisappearsnecessary,
socio-economic andindustrialinfrastructures upstream,ordownstreamfrom
thesub*-sectorsofagriculture,livestock,fisheriesandforestry.Avery
strongpriorityshouldneverthelessstillbeaccordedtothoseprojects
concernedwithfoodsupplies. ,
Asfaraspossible,oq.eshouldattempttoappiythesamecriteriaforregional .
projectsasforotherprojects.Howe\>er,ashasalreadybeen,indicatedon
1 ' . *several,occasions,theidentification ofruralprojectswitharegional .
characterislikelytobedifficult. >
l)tn1978|lessthan10#oftheaidforAsiawillgotoregionalorganisations
dadprojects,whileforLatinAmerica,thisfigurewillbeabove50$.

~7-
Infact,experienceshowsthatingeneral,inthepresentstageof
regionalintegrationinthedevelopingcountries,itissectorsotherthan
agriculture whicharegivenpriorityintheintegrationeffort.
Finally,thepolicyoffinancialparticipation intheworkofthe
international agriculturalresearchInstitutesshouldhecontinuedand
intensified.
5.Cooperation withotheraiddonors
Cofinanced .projects,whetherwithMemberSpatesorwithmultilateral
orregionaldevelopmentorganisations ,haveaccounteduptillnpwforaround
5Cf?oofthetotalCoammityaid.ThisproportioncouldberaaiDtairiadin1979>
whiletakingcaretoincreasetheshareofprojectscofinancedwiththe.
"bilateralaidoftheMemberStates,Thiswillcertainlyhelpreinforcethe
imageoftheCommunityintheseereae.

••
Annex
Aidfor.non-associated developing countries
Disbursements upto31.7.1978'
UA.
COUNTRY -■ Commitments Disbursements Balance
Programme 1976
ADB .
Bangladesh .
BoUvta
ICRISAT
India
Indonesia
Pakistan
SriLanka1.500.000
2.500.000
2.000.000
2.000.000
6.Ó00.000
1.000.000
3.000.000
2.000.0001.500.000,00
589.751,76
2.000.000,00
1.963.726,42
88.960,00
■344.668,75
211.866,501.910.248.24
2.000.000,00
4.036.273,58
911.040,00 ,
2.655.331.25
1.788.133,50
Total1976 20.000.000
Programme 1977
Thailand
Yemen
•M
Bolivla
Honduras
INCAP •■
JUNTA
ir.
India
M.
Bangladesh
Pakistan .
SriLanka . .
Vietnam
Indonésia
CABEI
ADB<CF)
(TA)
IRRI
ICRISAT
^ '«
Administrative charges100.000
1.300.000
v.700.000
1.800.000
1.000.000
1.800.000-
1.000.000
2.600.000
6.450.000
5.550.000
.5.000.000
4.000.000
2.000.000
2.400.000
2.000.000
1'.800.000
2.900.000
400.000
1.000.000
1.000.000
200.0006.698.973,43
67.576,83
-120.535,71
1.272.859,0013.301.026,57
500.000,00
500.000,00
32.380,9932.423,17
-1.300.000,00
700.000,00
1.800.000,00
1.000.000,00
1.679.464,29
1.000.000,00
1.327.141,00
<6.450.000,00
5.550.000,00
5.000.000,00
',4.000.000,00
*2.000.000,00
2.400.000,00
2.000.000,00
1.800.000,00
2.900.000,00
400.000,00
500.000,00
500.000,00
167.619,01
Total1977 45.000.000 . 2.493.352,53 42.506.647,47