COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
C0M(91)361 final 
Brussels, 21 October 1991 
mmmi^êsê 
'à J&!z Proposal for a 
COUNCIL PECISIQN 
adopting the Workprogramme for the implementation of the specific 
programme of research and technological development in the field of 
Industrial and Materials Technologies (1991-1994). 
(presented by the Commission) 
:t 
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 
The Council Decision of 9 September 1991 (91/506/EEC) adopting a specific programme 
of research and technological development in the field of industrial and materials 
technologies, required in Article 7 par. 1, first indent, that the draft Workprogramme, 
provided for in its Article 5 par. 2, is submitted for opinion to the Committee of 
representatives of the Member States assisting the Commission with the implementation 
of the programme, in conformity with the procedure laid down in its Article 6. 
In accordance with this procedure, a draft ol the Workprogramme was submitted to the 
Committee on 12 September 1991 which was unable to give its opinion. Indeed, this 
draft Workprogramme did not obtain a qualified majority. The difficulties centred 
exclusively around the inclusion of a list of targeted projects (Chapter II.4 of the draft 
Workprogramme). Targeted projects are a strategic element of the Community R&D 
policy, necessary to strengthen the European industrial competitiveness, as required by 
art. 130F of the Treaty. In particular the "Environmentally friendly vehicle" is a subject 
of economic, social and environmental importance to the Community and, as specifically 
referred to in the Council decision (90/221/Euratom, EEC) on the 1990-1994 Framework 
Programme, a subject reflecting the needs created by the setting up of the large internal 
markets. 
In accordance with Article 6 par. 4, of the aforementioned Council decision of 9 
September 1991, it is incumbent on the Commission to submit to the Council a proposal 
on the measures to be taken. 
It is urgent to adopt the draft Workprogramme, which is the basis for calls for proposals 
foreseen in Art. 5, para 2, in order to avoid delay in launching research and technological 
development projects needed to strengthen the scientific base of European manufacturing 
industry. Without the adoption of the Workprogramme, the Commission can not 
formally publish calls for proposals. 
(2) 
IT 
Proposal for a 
COUNCIL DECISION 
of 
adopting the Workprogramme for the implementation of the specific 
programme of research and technological development in the field of 
Industrial and Materials Technologies (1991-1994). 
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 
Having regard to the Council Decision 91/506/EEC of 9 September 1991 adopting 
a specific programme of research and technological development in the field of 
industrial and materials technologies (1990 to 1994)1, and in particular Art. 6 para 
4 thereof; 
Having regard to the proposal of the Commission2; 
Whereas Article 5 par. 2 of the above-mentioned Council Decision 91/506/EEC 
foresees that a Workprogramme shall be drawn up setting out the detailed objectives 
and types of projects to be undertaken, and the financial arrangements to be made 
for them; 
Whereas Article 7 par. 1, 1st indent, of the above-mentioned Council Decision 
foresees that this Workprogramme is approved according to the procedure foreseen 
in its Article 6; 
Whereas in conformity with this procedure a draft Workprogramme has been 
submitted to the Committee assisting the Commission, and as it has not delivered 
a favorable opinion within a time limit which the Chairman has laid down, and, 
following this same procedure, it is incumbent on the Commission to submit to the 
Council a proposal on the measures to be taken, 
HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS 
Sole Article 
The Workprogramme set out in Annex I is hereby adopted. 
Done at For the Council, 
The President 
1 
OJ N°L 269/30, 25.9.1991 
2 
OJ N° C not yet published 
iïT 
INDUSTRIAL AND MATERIALS 
TECHNOLOGIES 
(1991 - 1994) 
(Brite/EuRam II) 
Draft Workprogramme 
I. BACKGROUND 
This programme is a direct follow-up of the previous BRITE/EURAM and Raw Materials-
Recycling programmes. Its general objective is to contribute to the rejuvenation of European 
manufacturing industry by strengthening its scientific base through research and technological 
development. RTD effort will be directed towards integration of all aspects of the life cycle of 
materials and products, and will also take account of the more severe constraints as regards 
acceptability of technological developments. Those will include protection of the environment, 
working conditions, the continuous adaptation of the skills of the workforce to technological 
change, and new methods of management and organisation to ensure a smooth and effective 
relationship between technology and the working world. 
The present workprogramme is prepared in compliance with Article 5, paragraph 2, of the 
Council Decision adopting the programme. It includes the following sections : 
Detailed objectives and research tasks; 
Implementation : call for proposals, types of projects, financial arrangements. 
While a single research proposal need address only one element of the life cycle, it is to be 
expected that preference will be given to proposals anticipating results arising from a 
multidisciplinary approach with a breadth of eventual applications. Particular attention will be 
paid to initiatives which provide the widest accessibility of results to potential exploiters and 
eventual users, taking account of the legitimate rights for the protection of intellectual and 
industrial property. 
II. DETAILED OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH TASKS 
Area 1 : MATERIALS - RAW MATERIALS 
The focus is on improving the performance of both advanced and traditional materials at a cost 
which permits competitive industrial exploitation over a broad range of applications. This extends 
to improving the technologies to ensure the supply of raw material resources and for recycling, 
so promoting an integrated approach to the whole life cycle of materials. It also includes the cost 
effective use of new materials in a broad range of products and applications and their diffusion 
to new application fields. 
RAW MATERIALS AND RECYCLING 
1.1. RAW MATERIALS 
1.1.1. Exploration Technology 
Objectives 
To provide new or improved low cost tools and better geological concepts for use in the mining 
industry in exploration. To improve the know-how and hardware in this field and detection-
monitoring techniques and mapping of polluted mine areas. 
Research Tasks 
1.1.1.1 To develop and test advanced approaches for the exploration and the discovery of deposits 
and evaluation of known targets. 
1.1.1.2 To refine deposit models and exploration concepts. 
1.1.1.3 To ''efinc methods and techniques for the calculation of ore reserves. 
1.1.1.4 To develop and improve integrated systems based on multidala analysis. 
1.1.1.5 To develop and test new and improved cost effective geophysical and gcochcmical 
exploration methods such as Transient Electromagnetic Measurements (TEM), optical 
spectrometry and analysis of platinum group elements (PGE). 
1.1.1.6 To apply and assess recently developed exploration techniques such as ground geophysical 
like gcoradar, seismic methods and airborne systems and to evaluate their potential lor 
broader application. 
1.1.1.7 To develop advanced exploration equipment like miniaturisation of instruments such as 
spectrometers and downhole logging tools, and to develop more cost-effective drilling 
techniques. 
1.1.1.8 To develop and test exploration techniques for environmental monitoring, detection and 
mapping of polluted areas around mines and quarries (sec also 1.1.2.7. and 1.1.2.8.). 
1.1.2- Mining Technology 
Objectives 
To develop techniques which can enable an increase in productivity, such as an amelioration in the 
operating costs of mining opcrations1 having regard to environmental and safety aspects and the 
ability to assess the social and economic impact of mining and quarrying. 
3 
Research Tasks 
1.1.2.1 To develop techniques and systems for rock cutting and continuous quarrying and mining. 
1.1.2.2 To develop specialised techniques to improve safety and working conditions, and 
environmental protection. 
1.1.2.3 To develop selective exploitation methods minimising waste production (see also 1.1.3.6.). 
1.1.2.4 To develop new concepts for open pit mining as well as new concepts to optimise and 
integrate mining unit operations such as backfilling, drilling, blasting and transportation. 
1.1.2.5 To improve the modelling and practical technologies for supporting systems, rock 
reinforcement and stability. 
1.1.2.6 To develop multidata analysis and advanced modelling and simulation for computer aided 
management and planning of mining operations. 
1.1.2.7 To develop simulation and modelling, and experimental techniques to optimise the 
rehabilitation of redundant sites of mines including their use for waste disposal (see also 
1.1.1.8.). 
1.1.2.8 To develop techniques which assess the social and economic consequences of placing 
environmental constraints on mines and quarries, (see also 1.1.1.8.). 
1.13. Mineral Processing 
Objectives 
To improve existing processes and to develop innovative technologies to be applied to full scale 
operations based on laboratory scale research and to optimise methods and techniques used in the 
various treatments of mineral concentrates, tailings and residues of mines and metallurgical plants 
in order to reduce production costs of new and existing plants and alleviate environmental 
problems. 
Research Tasks 
1.1.3.1 To characterise industrial minerals and stones in order to improve their processing 
technology and suitability for alternative uses. 
1.1.3.2 To improve physical and chemical mineral separation techniques. 
1.1.3.3 To improve techniques for mineral processing and extractive metallurgy such as hydro-, 
biohydro-, and electro and pyrometallurgy (including slag chemistry). 
1.1.3.4 To develop technologies which will reduce emissions and energy consumption and increase 
the range of acceptability of feed materials in mineral and stone processing plants. 
1.1.3.5 To develop methods and techniques for the fixation and stabilisation of metals and toxic 
compounds in final residues, mining wastes, slags and tailings. 
1.1.3.6 To develop new process routes and equipment which optimise quality yield, and minimise 
production of waste (see also 1.1.2.3.) 
1.1.3.7 To develop instrumentation, particularly sensors, for monitoring processes, materials and 
product quality. 
1.1.3.8 To develop mathematical models and simulations of mineral processing and extractive 
metallurgy unit processes and their integration into operating plants. To develop expert and 
automated systems. 
1.2. RECYCLING 
1.2.1. Recycling and Recovery of Industrial Waste including Non Ferrous Metals 
Objectives 
To develop new technologies for physical and/or chemical treatment of residues, scraps and 
industrial waste in order to improve the recovery rates and minimise environmental problems. 
Research in this respect will cover pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and refining techniques applied 
to processing of complex residues, alloys and multi-element scraps. 
Research Tasks 
1.2.1.1 To characterise, identify, classify and quantify secondary materials and used non-ferrous 
metals arising from industrial activities. To develop quality control methods for secondary' 
materials before recycling, utilisation or controlled disposal. 
1.2.1.2 To optimise existing separation, concentration and recycling processes at industrial level, 
in respect to energy saving, flexibility of feed, concentration and reduction of emissions. 
1.2.1.3 To develop new separation, concentration and recycling processes for more efficient 
recovery of valuable materials from scraps and industrial wastes including linings of 
refractory materials avoiding external contamination. 
1.2.1.4 To develop cost effective pyrometallurgical processes such as plasma and laser processes 
capable of accepting fluctuations of feed concentrations to recover basic, special and 
precious metals originating from industrial sectors, metal industry wastes, complex 
residues, spent catalysts, used goods and equipment. 
1.2.1.5 To develop cost effective biohydrometallurgical, photocatalytic and hydrometallurgical 
processes to treat slags, residues, industrial liquid effluents and wastes for recovery of 
metals, salts and valuable materials, and decontamination to minimize pollution. 
1.2.1.6 To develop advanced technologies for reduction and refining secondary products and 
wastes e.g. by : fluid bed technology, aqueous electrolysis, vacuum distillation, plasma 
technology, molten salt electrolysis, and chloride technology. 
1.2.1.7 To develop technologies which recover and recycle metals from materials containing 
organic and metaplastic compound structures while minimising environmental damage. 
1.2.1.8 To develop computer based models to assess the economic viability and availability of 
secondary materials for recycling and metallurgical models to predict the effect of multiple 
recycling on the characteristics and processibility of raw materials. 
1.2.2. Recycling, recovery and reuse of advanced materials. 
Objectives 
To improve recycling technologies seeking to reuse advanced materials waste in order to enhance 
the quality of the new products or compounds having a high level of quality and economic value. 
Research Tasks 
1.2.2.1 To characterise, classify and quantify advanced materials wastes and to develop quality 
control methods for secondary materials before recycling, reuse or controlled disposal. 
1.2.2.2 To develop analytical and marking techniques for identification. To develop safe, cost 
effective technologies for the recycling of residues and scraps, originating from organic 
and inorganic composite and other advanced materials. 
1.2.2.3 To develop models to assess the economic viability and availability of advanced materials 
for recycling and to predict the effects of multiple recycling on the physical characteristics 
and processibility of the initial materials. 
NEW AND IMPROVED MATERIALS AND THEIR PROCESSING 
1.3. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS 
13.1. Metals and Metal Matrix Composites 
Objectives 
To secure the advances needed to exploit fully the potential of new alloys, composites and their 
processing; and in particular the technologies to address the problems associated with series 
production. Additionally, to develop high temperature resistant superalloys, intermetallics, metallic 
powders, metal glasses, hard metals, wear resistant alloys and coatings which are required for specific 
applications with complex design specifications. 
Research Tasks 
1.3.1.1 To develop cost-effective technologies for the synthesis and production of metallic 
materials and alloys aimed at a broader range of final products with high quality and 
performance. 
1.3.1.2 To develop alloys, structural intermetallics and metal matrix composite systems with specific 
performance properties, such as improved stiffness, increased strength to weight ratio, 
environmental and high temperature resistance. 
1.3.1.3 To improve performance through the control of powder morphology and interface 
properties of metal matrix composites. 
1.3.1.4 To develop thin or thick coating systems with improved functional properties for metallic 
substrates. 
1.3.1.5 To apply computer simulation techniques linking micro and macro structural modelling. 
1.3.1.6 To develop techniques for assessing the long term stability and behaviour of metallic 
materials. 
13.2. Ceramics, Ceramic Matrix Composites and Advanced Glasses 
Objectives 
To advance the understanding and technologies of areas of critical importance such as quality, 
processing and reliability with particular emphasis on economic processing and tough, defect free 
products. 
Research Tasks 
1.3.2.1 To develop high temperature materials with increased strength, toughness, ductility and 
resistance to corrosion and erosion. 
1.3.2.2 To optimise powders as starting materials. 
1.3.2.3 To develop cost-effective and high-yield processing techniques for high quality materials 
and which permit their diffusion into new application fields. 
1.3.2.4 To improve consistency and reliability of components including long term in-service 
stability. 
1.3.2.5 To improve thermal shock resistance, creep resistance, thermal insulation and high 
temperature oxidation and corrosion behaviour. 
1.3.2.6 To develop probabilistic design methodologies for high performance engineering 
components. 
1.3.2.7 To develop surface treatment technologies to aid manufacture and use in services. 
1.3.2.8 To apply computer simulation techniques linking micro and macrostructural modelling. 
1.3.2.9 To develop techniques for assessing the long term stability and behaviour of ceramic 
materials. 
133. Polymers and Polymer Matrix Composites 
Objectives 
To achieve a better understanding of the performance-structure capabilities of these materials and 
to extend the understanding of the relationship between materials properties and their process 
routes. Such advances could come about by innovative design and processing practices. To respond 
(3) 
to environmental concerns with new technical thermoplastics which retain their mechanical 
properties at higher temperature, and which can be produced through the lower cost thermal 
processing routes. 
Research Tasks 
1.3.3.1 To develop cost-effective polymeric materials, composites and fibres and adhesives for a 
broader range of application fields which have improved material properties such as 
resistance to aggressive environments, temperature, pressure, impact loading and solvents. 
1.3.3.2 To develop polymeric materials with specific properties which minimise environmental 
impact, such as biodegradability, recyclabilily and reusability. 
1.3.3.3 To develop cost-effective and high-yield processing techniques for high quality materials. 
1.3.3.4 To investigate new types of composites such as molecular and self reinforcing composites. 
1.3.3.5 To assess composite fibre/matrix interfaces through development of non-intrusive 
techniques. 
1.3.3.6 To develop high performance preimpregnated semi-finished products for, composite 
components, with applications where high strength and high toughness are required. 
1.3.3.7 To develop intelligent process design and control techniques for polymeric materials and 
their composites. 
1.3.3.8 To apply specific treatments for upgrading low-cost polymeric material into tailor-made 
high performance components. 
1.3.3.9 To apply mathematical modelling for material, product and process optimisation. 
1.3.3.10 To develop combined and fully integrated transformation techniques, such as injection 
moulding, lamination, and multilayer and sandwich formation, for innovative high 
performance structural materials. 
1.4. FUNCTION AL M ATERIALS FOR M AGNETIQ SUPERCONDUCTING, OPTICAL, 
ELECTRICAL AND BIOMATERIAL APPLICATIONS 
1.4.1. Magnetic Materials 
Objectives 
To meet the requirement for new materials with improved magnetic properties, which are easily 
processed, as advanced magnetic materials including hard, semi hard and soft magnets and their 
integration into components and systems. 
Research Tasks 
1.4.1.1 To develop advanced magnetic materials, such as the new rare earth types, with cost 
efficient processing. 
8 
1.4.1.2 To develop materials and their processing with improved high temperature magnetic 
performance and to develop improved permanent magnetic bulk materials with increased 
energy product and improved volumetric efficiency for specific applications such as electric 
motors and other electrical devices. 
1.4.1.3 To improve the structural capability of magnetic materials through innovative design of 
their synthesis, processing and control of composition. 
1.4.1.4 To improve functional capabilities of magnetic materials through multilayer formation. 
1.4.2 High temperature Superconducting Materials 
Objectives 
To develop high critical temperature and high current and flux density superconductors for power 
applications capable of being combined with other materials at low processing temperatures. To 
understand the new superconducting materials and their intrinsic properties. 
Research Tasks 
1.4.2.1 To develop reliable and cost-effective processing for the manufacture of high current 
superconductor material components such as wires, cables and layers. 
1.4.2.2 To establish a design methodology for increased component reliability, specially for the 
preparation of wires, cables, thin and thick layers. 
1.4.2.3 To develop processing routes such as sol-gel, mixing, sintering, spraying techniques for the 
preparation of well characterised and controlled powders for superconductors. 
1.4.2.4 To increase the understanding of basic property/structure/ stoichiometry relationships, 
including electrical and magnetic properties, as a function of phase segregation, anisolropy 
and grain boundary effects. 
1.4.3. Electrical and Ionic Conducting Materials 
Objectives 
To advance the synthesis/processing technology for electrically conducting materials and conducting 
material matrices which are at an early stage of technological development. To open up application 
areas such as electric wires, energy storage and acoustic devices. To develop the materials necessary 
for fuel cell systems for the production of clean electricity. To better understand the limits of 
present technology and the means by which the limits can be surpassed by new processing methods. 
Research Tasks 
1.4.3.1 To develop electrical materials with better conductivity, higher strength and fatigue 
properties, corrosion and thermal resistance and spark erosion behaviour. 
1.4.3.2 To develop solid ionic conductor materials for solid electrolytes in energy conversion 
devices. 
1.4.33 To develop conducting polymeric materials systems containing inorganic fillers for high 
volume processing or for use in packaging and joining. 
1.4.3.4 To establish the relationship between polymeric material structures and their electrical and 
acoustic properties. 
1.4.3.5 To develop age hardened alloys and multi-layered composite materials which combine high 
electrical and thermal conductivity or electron emissivity together with improved mechanical 
properties and corrosion resistance. 
1.4.4. Optical Materials 
Objectives 
To address the outstanding problems which include the availability of ultra pure materials with low 
optical losses for transmission systems, and materials processing including materials fabrication by 
Chemical Vapour Deposition processing for 2 or 3 dimensions. 
Research Tasks 
1 4.4.1 To develop new glass types with variable light transmission properties along with cost 
effective technologies for their application. 
1.4.4.2 To develop and characterise non linear optical materials, including organic materials and 
intermediate products. 
1.4.4.3 To develop active coatings such as magnetic, piezoelectric and chemical dye surface layers 
for sensors. 
1.4.4.4 To optimise elcctroluminiscent, clectrochromic, photochrome and thermochromic 
phenomena for producing optical materials with controllable light transmission and 
generation. 
1.4.5. Biomalerials 
Objectives 
To meet the requirements for new biomaterials including metal alloys, ceramics, composites, glasses, 
polymers and adhesives for applications such as orthopaedic and dental implants, soft tissue and 
body fluid replacements, internal or external devices of permanent or temporary nature. To develop 
technologies for cost effective operations for item manufacturing, clinical procedures and 
rehabilitative systems. 
Research Tasks 
1.4.5.1 To develop special and medical grade materials with biocompatible and biofunctional 
properties for devices and load bearing implants. 
1.4.5.2 To develop techniques for innovative design, modelling and clinical testing of new 
structures and complex shaped components and devices combining all aspects of reliable 
bio-operational ability : human tissues and implant compatibility. 
10 
1.4.5.3 To develop surface treatment techniques for medical devices to prevent erosion and 
corrosion and improved biointegration properties. 
1.5. MASS COMMODITY MATERIALS 
1-5.1. Packaging Materials 
Objectives 
To improve the technologies needed for cost effective processing including automation and on-line 
control, including the introduction of natural materials, the substitution of toxic materials and the 
improved recycling of materials systems. 
Research Tasks 
1.5.1.1 To develop environmental friendly packaging materials which are reusable, recyclable or 
dcgradable, and non toxic in use and disposal. 
1.5.1.2. To improve current processing methods for increased productivity and for high added value 
packaging products. 
1.5.2. New Construction Industry Materials 
Objectives 
To improve materials currently used for civil construction and to develop new materials, including 
composites, able to combine functional and structural characteristics. 
Research Tasks 
1.5.2.1 To develop new material technologies aiming at improved thermal insulation, sound 
shielding and mechanical integrity. 
1.5.2.2 To develop introduction of novel production and assembly methods allowing a high degree 
of automation. 
1.5.2.3 To investigate the degradation of construction materials and systems exposed to air, water, 
pollution, ultra violet radiation, temperature and humidity. 
1.5.2.4 To develop structural adhesives which act as binders and reinforcement for hybrid 
prefabricated systems. 
1.5.2.5 To develop techniques for the use of metallic or organic materials as reinforcement for 
concrete, glasses and ceramics, leading to systems with high corrosion resistance, good 
thermal and sound insulation and increased fire security. 
11 
Area 2 : DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING 
The objective is to improve the capability of industry to design and manufacture products which are, 
at the same time, of high quality, easy to maintain, highly competitive and environmentally and 
socially acceptable. 
2.1. DESIGN OF PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES 
2.1.1. Innovative design tools and techniques 
Objectives 
To develop design tools such as decision support systems to promote more efficient design methods, 
more economic manufacture, assembly and dismantling, and reliable and ergonomie products. 
Research Tasks 
2.1.1.1 To develop decision support systems for design in the areas of materials and standardised 
components which incorporate mathematical modelling, production characteristics, product 
performance and anthropometric data. 
2.1.1.2 To establish methods for validation and certification of design support, modelling and 
analysis tools. 
2.1.1.3 To develop techniques for minimising the "design to product" time based on value analysis, 
modelling, simulation and rapid prototyping techniques. 
2.1.1.4 To develop a methodology for modelling of the whole engineering process from conceptual 
to detailed design, including representation of functional tolcrancing, and to validate the 
approach. 
2.1.2. Design Methodologies for complex components 
Objectives 
To develop approaches for the incorporation of multifunctional components in product design. To 
advance the capability of high precision and micro-engineering systems together with design for 
micro-miniaturisation. 
Research Tasks 
2.1.2.1 To establish new approaches to, and applications for, the design of multi-functional 
components. 
2.1.2.2 To develop multidisciplinary approaches to the design of integrated systems such as 
mechatronics, optomatronics, and multi-component systems. 
2.1.23 To develop design methodologies for high precision and microengineering systems relating 
to mechanics and materials behaviour at microstructural level. 
12 
2 13. Maintainability and reliability 
Objectives 
T:> develop the support tools, including sensor systems, for improved product performance, 
reliability and maintainability. To advance the capability and applicability of mathematical modelling 
to support design, including the integration of modelling techniques with defect and failure mode 
analysis needed for reliability and predictive maintenance. 
Research Tasks 
2.1.3.1 To improve design methods and modelling capabilities for products and processes with 
respect to quality, reliability, durability, maintainability and safety. 
2.1.3.2 To develop reliability support systems which provide information on component behaviour 
based on the analysis of their deterioration and failure. 
2.1.3.3 To develop techniques for predictive maintenance including condition monitoring and 
vibration analyses. 
2.1.3.4 To develop integrated system design incorporating sensors with improved performance and 
reliability. 
2.1.3.5 To develop techniques for minimising noise and vibration generated by products and 
manufacturing equipment. 
2.2. MANUFACTURING 
2.2.1. Tools, techniques and systems for High Quality Manufacturing 
Objectives 
To develop skill supporting technologies to make human skills and judgment more effective in the 
manufacturing process. To develop innovative tools and techniques for high quality and cost 
effective manufacturing systems to give better process control, higher precision and faster operation 
and the integration of new processing technologies with established manufacturing processes. 
Research Tasks 
2.2.1.1 To develop improved models to exploit knowledge based systems for manufacturing 
processes. 
2.2.1.2 To improve systems, which may include robotics, for workpiece fixturing, transport and safe 
handling in manufacturing. 
2.2.1.3 To develop cost-effective manufacturing processes such as cutting, machining, grinding, 
forming, joining and bonding to improve productivity, quality and precision. 
2.2.1.4 To develop cost effective high power beam processes, fibre optics for beam delivery 
systems, and associated acoustical and optical inspection and test techniques. 
13 
2.2.1.5 To develop and integrate technologies relating to high quality surface treatments within the 
manufacturing process. 
2.2.1.6 To develop flexible and economic manufacturing systems for small batches of a large 
number of variants. 
2.2.2. Manufacturing Techniques for Industrial Use of Advanced Materials 
Objectives 
To develop cost-effective and efficient manufacturing techniques for advanced materials to help 
realise their full potential. 
Research Tasks 
2.2.2.1 To improve and extend the capability for net and near net shape forming of advanced 
materials, including the automation of preformed manufacture. 
2.2.2.2 To develop cost-effective machining techniques for difficult and advanced materials 
associated wherever possible with process modelling. 
2.2.2.3 To develop and automate equipment for the economic manufacture of composites and 
ceramics. 
2.2.2.4 To improve assembly and joining technologies for advanced materials and components 
2.2.2.5 To develop non-destructive tests and quality assurance techniques for adhesive bonds and 
composite materials. 
2.2.2.6 To develop and extend surface treatment and surface finishing techniques suitable for 
advanced materials and methods for their inspection. 
2.2.3. Integrated Approach to Chemical and Process Engineering 
Objectives 
To tailor manufacturing technology to the requirements of chemical engineering and to integrate 
design with process control. To advance the understanding needed to design and control chemical 
processes with increasing complexity to include avoidance and prevention of pollution. 
Research Tasks 
2.2.3.1 To improve the design and control of chemical and biochemical reactors for increased 
flexibility, productivity and better product quality 
2.2.3.2 To develop techniques to combine individual chemical process steps in material synthesis, 
material processing and particle technology through a better understanding of basic 
chemical and physical phenomena. 
2.2.3.3 To develop innovative separation techniques, (see also 1.1.3.2.) 
14 
2.23.4 To model chemical reactions which are important to manufacturing processes such as 
reaction injection moulding, etching, deposition and bonding. 
2.2.3.5 To develop models of multiphase systems and intcrfacial phenomena for process design and 
control 
2.23.6 To develop a better understanding of processes in which reactions, catalysis and transport 
phenomena are strongly coupled, and where the product quality depends strongly on the 
coupling. 
2.23.7 To optimise chemical engineering processes through an integrated approach to process 
design, modelling and control for recycling, environmental protection and process safety 
23. ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE WHOLE PRODUCT 
LIFE CYCLE 
23.1. Design Integrating Strategics 
Objectives 
To develop new and more holistic approaches to support the integration of engineering tasks for 
the whole product life cycle, such as simultaneous engineering concepts which bring together 
design, engineering and manufacturing. 
Research Tasks 
2.3.1.1 To develop design optimisation strategies and constraint modelling techniques for the whole 
product life cycle, including recycling and disposal. 
2.3.1.2 To develop systematic approaches in the context of the extended enterprise to reduce 
design to product lead time, and increase manufacturing flexibility. 
2.3.1.3 To extend multidisciplinary approaches such as simultaneous engineering for integrating 
engineering tasks and engineering management tasks. 
2.3.1.4 To extend novel design, redesign and costing practices, taking account of whole product life 
cycle, including recycling or disposal. 
23.2. Engineering 
Objectives 
To bring an integrated approach making full use of new materials, new design and manufacturing 
technologies and process and product control to traditional manufacturing industries, with particular 
attention to new requirements for environmental control and improved working conditions. 
15 
Research Tasks 
2.3.2.1 To extend the field of application for flexible manufacturing techniques taking full use of 
new materials and new technologies. 
2.3.2.2 To develop new design and engineering methods for ease of manufacture, assembly, use and 
dismantling of products, including ergonomie such as innovative approaches to 
préfabrication and modular design. 
2.3.2.3 To develop interactive engineering techniques that will improve working conditions and 
ergonomics. 
2.3.2.4 'To develop engineering methodologies for extending the application of the total quality 
concept throughout the whole product cycle. 
23.3. Human Factors in Engineering and Manufacturing Management 
Objectives 
To accelerate the take up of new technology by developing new management techniques which 
allow identification and reconciliation of potential areas of conflict between new technologies and 
human resources. To improve methods for the evaluation of the performance of products and 
processes and their linkage to the overall business. 
Research Tasks 
2.3.3.1 To develop strategies for improving the management and organisation of design, 
manufacture and construction so as to make the best use of available resources and new 
technologies. 
2.3.3.2 To develop management support systems for the evaluation, control, forecasting and 
measurement of production requirements and resources within industry. 
2.3.3.3 To develop techniques for quantifying, evaluating and matching human skills and experience 
with specific job requirements. 
Area 3 : AERONAUTICS 
The objective is to strengthen the technology base of the European aeronautical industry and to 
contribute to the knowledge base which supports actions to minimise environmental impact and 
enhance the safety and efficiency of aircraft operations. 
3.1. ENVIRONMENT RELATED TECHNOLOGIES 
Objectives 
To provide new or improved tools and techniques for analysis, prediction and control of air vehicle 
exterior noise, interior noise and exhaust emissions. 
16 
Research Tasks 
3.1.1. To develop improved tools and techniques for prediction and control of exterior noise from 
advanced propellers, propfans and helicopter rotors. 
3.1.2. To develop and evaluate cost effective techniques for reducing aircraft interior noise. 
3.13. To develop low emission combustor technology. 
3.2. TECHNOLOGIES OF AIRCRAFT OPERATION 
Objectives 
To provide new or improved tools and techniques for monitoring the health of aircraft systems, 
designing structures resistant to fatigue, crash and fire, and for integration of the air vehicle in 
future advanced ATC systems. 
Research Tasks 
3.2.1. To develop and validate improved design tools for treating acoustic fatigue. 
3.2.2. To develop improved techniques for health and usage monitoring. 
3.2.3. To develop improved techniques for crashworthiness analysis. 
3.2.4. To develop improved techniques for fire risk analysis and detection. 
3.2.5. To develop improved flight managcment/ATC interface techniques. 
33. AERODYNAMICS AND AEROTHERMODYNAMICS 
Objectives 
To advance CFD techniques, laminar flow technology, tools for analysis of propulsion integration 
and techniques for analysis of the acrothermodynamics of turbomachinery. 
Research Tasks 
3.3.1. To develop and validate new and improved CFD tools for flow solution, post processing and 
aerodynamic design optimisation. 
3.3.2. To develop improved techniques for natural and hybrid laminar flow control. 
3.3.3. To develop improved experimental means for study of propulsion system integration. 
3.3.4. To develop improved techniques for analysis of wing mounted ducted propulsion systems. 
3.3.5. To develop improved tools for analysis of helicopter rotor/fuselage interaction. 
3.3.6. To develop improved tools for analysis of axial and mixed flow compressor aerothermodynamics. 
17 
3.3.7. To develop improved tools for analysis of turbine aerothermodynamics. 
33.8. To develop improved turbulence models (focused fundamental research only) 
3.4. AERONAUTICAL STRUCTURES AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES 
Objectives 
To advance techniques for realisation of large pressurised composite fuselage structures. 
Research Tasks 
3.4.1. To develop design concepts for pressurised fuselage structures of composite and/or metal 
laminate. 
3.5. AVIONIC SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES 
Objectives 
To provide new or improved techniques for design of modular, high integrity airborne information 
processing and sensing systems and for analysis and design of man machine interaction on the flight 
deck. 
Research Tasks 
3.5.1. To develop techniques and tools for integration and evaluation of complex, flight critical, 
fault tolerant avionic equipments and systems. 
3.5.2. To develop and evaluate new and improved techniques for electronic and/or optical sensing 
and data processing, including standardisation issues. 
3.5.3. To develop improved techniques and architecture for flight critical signal processing and 
data fusion. 
3.5.4. To develop advanced flight deck concepts and related techniques for optimising man-
machine interaction. 
3.5.5. To develop improved techniques for design and analysis of the helicopter cockpit and its 
functioning. 
3.6. MECHANICAL, UTILITY AND ACTUATION TECHNOLOGIES 
Objectives 
To provide new or improved techniques for design of key equipment components of the air vehicle 
system. 
18 
Research Tasks 
3.6.1. To develop and validate new concepts and modelling techniques for provision of the landing 
gear function. 
3.6.2. To develop non-bleed air based techniques for deicing and/or cabin conditioning. 
3.6.3. To develop and validate advanced techniques for integrated fuel management systems. 
3.6.4. To develop advanced techniques for electrically powered actuators with integrated 
electronic information processing. 
4. TARGETED PROJECTS 
The concept of Targeted Projects is to secure the holistic benefits of coordinating a group of 
complementary projects, covering different technologies of the programme, around one specific 
objective. This will be of importance to a range of industries made up of users, suppliers and 
producers, including SMEs. The scientific and technological content of the projects will draw on 
the research topics of areas 1 and 2 of the programme and will be published with the normal calls 
for proposals. The first four of the following will be included in the first call for proposals. The 
subjects for the second call will be selected later from a list which would include quick response in 
textile-clothing-distribution and clean manufacturing. Where appropriate, Targeted Projects will 
be coordinated with complementary activities in other specific programmes. 
An indication of the technologies which might be coordinated as Targeted Projects is as follows : 
4.1. Environmentally friendly technologies 
a) will include manufacturing and materials technologies necessary for vehicles with reduced 
environmental impact particularly in terms of pollution, safety, noise and consumption of materials. 
Accordingly, RTD could include advanced design, materials, manufacturing and recycling 
technologies with particular attention to the product life cycle and to the propulsion system. Design 
technologies leading to "lean" supply, assembly technologies, materials technologies covering 
composite material systems with the potential for increased performance and styling flexibility, and 
manufacturing technologies for mass or "lean" batch production to meet the quality, flexibility and 
cost constraints are likely to be of importance. 
b) technologies for construction which are better suited to the needs of the user in terms of a 
controllable working environment and flexibility, and can be designed, constructed, maintained and 
reused in a safe and efficient manner with minimum impact on the environment Research might 
include design, materials, manufacturing and construction techniques and, in particular, the 
development of specifications for performance requirements, simulation and calculation models for 
structural design, the scope and durability of new materials, flexible manufacturing and assembly 
systems and repair technologies. 
19 
4.2. Technologies for infrastructures and networks 
a) manufacturing and materials technologies for the railway network to fulfil its potential 
contribution to the transport infrastructure of the Community. High speed freight and urban 
elements can be included, so reducing overall traffic congestion and noise and improving transport 
efficiency. The principal technical areas to be addressed could include aerodynamics, mechanical 
and electrical systems, internal and external noise and vibration suppression, advanced braking 
systems, together with passenger comfort and safety. 
b) technologies which will help the European shipbuilding industry - the ships and supporting 
infrastructure - secure competitiveness in world markets, particularly reliable, efficient, automated 
and clean systems. The emphasis should be on prevention of environmental risks, particularly when 
carrying polluting or dangerous cargoes, minimising operational costs by automated processes and 
low manning, economic and safe high speed marine transport, reduced construction time and cost. 
43. Flexible and clean manufacturing 
a) technologies for greater flexibility, efficiency and accuracy and improved quality, productivity and 
fast response of each stage and integrate the textile, clothing and distribution chain so that it can 
respond quickly and efficiently to market needs. Research could cover process technologies, 
materials development, automation, cutting and joining, materials handling, quality control and the 
management of the process. 
b) technologies which respond to ever more demanding environmental considerations with safer, 
less polluting and less wasteful processes. On the process side this could include process and 
command control, sensors, materials engineering, equipment design and manufacture, and 
environmental monitoring. Also of importance are advances in precision machinery, flexible 
manufacturing systems and materials handling and machinery for new materials and new 
applications alongside an improvement in manufacturing management and organisation. 
III. IMPLEMENTATION 
The programme will be implemented by means of research projects, concerted actions and 
accompanying measures. 
1. R&D Projects and Concerted Actions 
With the exception of the accompanying measures, research will be implemented by means of 
shared-cost contracts and concerted actions. The indicative budget foreseen for these activities over 
the duration of the programme is : Raw Materials and Recycling - 80 MECU; Materials - 228.8 
MECU; Design and Manufacturing -301.5 MECU; Aeronautics (over 3 years) - 53 MECU. 
20 
For shared-cost projects, Community financial participation will not normally be more than 50% 
of total costs. Universities and other research centres participating in shared-cost projects will have 
the option of requesting, for each project, either 50% funding of total expenditure or 100% funding 
of the additional marginal costs. Shared cost projects will include the following types of action : 
Industrial Research projects will have a minimum size of at least 10 man-years and must be in the 
range of 1-5 MECU total costs in Areas 1 and 2 (for Area 3 projects should be typically in the 
range 3-5 MECU), cover a period of approximately 3 years and include at least 2 industrial partners 
from different Member States. 
Focused Fundamental Research projects, upstream of Industrial Research and requiring industrial 
endorsement, will be at least 10 man-years and 0.5 MECU, and up to 1 MECU, cover a period of 
2-4 years and include at least 2 organisations from different Member States. 
In the case of proposals, which by their nature, means of implementation or urgency, address an 
issue important to reinforce the scientific and technological basis of European industry and thereby 
the development of its international competitiveness, the Commission reserves the possibility to 
consider them, subject to the exemption procedure in accordance with Article 7 of the Council 
Decision. 
Cooperative Research is intended for groups of undertakings, in particular SMEs, which do not 
have their own research facilities in order to resolve common technical problems. One or more 
outside organisations (research associations, universities or undertakings) will be appointed to carry 
out the research. 50% of the research costs of these projects, total costs up to 1 MECU, will be 
covered for a period normally not exceeding two years. Proposals must be submitted by 
undertakings which are to take part in planning and piloting the research and implementing the 
results. 
Concerted Actions : consist of coordination by the Commission of research activities carried out 
in the Member States in specific areas. They may benefit from funding of up to 100% of 
coordinating expenditure (travel, workshops, publications) normally not exceeding 0.4 MECU over 
a period of up to 4 years. 
2. Accompanying Measures 
The accompanying measures arc intended to improve the effectiveness of the programme in 
particular by improving its accessibility and impact. They build on experience within 
BRITE/EURAM and Raw Materials and Recycling. During the programme new ideas are expected 
to arise. The accompanying measures will be a continuous process over the duration of the 
programme. 
The work will be carried out by way of : 
- feasibility awards for SMEs whose principal activity is in manufacturing or processing of up to 
30,000 ECU or 75% of the costs of research undertaken within nine months to establish the 
feasibility of an innovative device, concept or process. The overall aim being to facilitate the 
participation of SMEs in collaborative research. 
- specific, multidisciplinary training will include the training role within projects and in particular 
to link research activities with other industrial functions oriented towards exploitation, transfer of 
results, codes and standards, industrial property rights etc.; specialised courses to provide the 
training necessary for the effective application of the technologies developed, and research 
21 
fellowships which focus on the technical areas of the programme. 
- seminars, workshops and scientific conferences; 
- meetings of ad-hoc groups of experts (eg. on preparation of norms and standards, materials data 
bases, emerging technologies, definition of research priorities) 
- study contracts 
- a system for exchanging information 
- promotion of exploitation of results 
- an independent evaluation of the scientific and strategic aspects of the programme 
The indicative budget foreseen for these accompanying measures is 20 MECU with 2% of the total 
programme budget being allocated to training activities. 
Schedule 
A schedule of the activities, with indicative budgets for contracts, is shown in the following tabic. 
22 
TABLE 1. 
Activity Indicative 
budget MECU 
for contracts Areas Call 
opens Deadline Review and 
selection of proposals Likely start 
of contracts 
Industrial Res. 
Focus.Fundam. 
Conc.Action 266 
33.5 
3 1,2,3* 
1,2,3* 
1,2,3* Jul 91* mid-Fcb 92* Mar/Apr 92* Oct^>2* 
Industrial Res. 
Focus.Fundam. 
ConcAction 221 
28.5 
3 1,2 
1,2 
1,2 Jul 92 mid-Feb 93 Mar/Apr 93 Nov 93 
r\ 
Coop.Research 
Feasibility 
Awards 
Specific 
Training 57 
5 
11 1,2 
1,2 
1,2,3 Contin. 
open until 
Feb 93 with 
selection 
twice/year from Dec 91 
from Dec 91 
from Dec 91 from Sept 92 
from Feb 92 
from Feb 92 
Area 3 will have an earlier call 
ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(91) 361 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 15 04 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-91-441-EN-C 
ISBN 92-77-76374-4 
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg