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DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (90)585
V ol.1990/0247

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(90 )585final
Brussels ,10December 1990
TOWARDS TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORKS
FOR ACOMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMME
Communication from theCommission totheCouncil and theEuropean
Parliament

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CONTENTS
Eage
INTRQDüCnaN. 3
1.FRAMEWORK FORTHEWORK CARRIED OUT. 4
1.1Mandate given totheCommission bytheCouncil. 4
1.2 Implementation oftheCouncil Resolution. 5
2.CONTRIBUTION OFTHE COMMUNITY FRAMEWORK. 5
2.1 Creation ofasingle market without internal frontiers
generates anurgent demand fortrans-European networks. 5
2.2 Problems linked tothedivision ofresponsibilities . 6
2.3 Community contribution. 6
3.GEOGRAPHICAL DIMENSION AND CONTENT OFTRANS-EUROPEAN
NETWORKS. 7
3.1 Geographical dimension. 7
3.2 Content oftrans-European networks. 8
4.ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION OFPHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURES . 9
5.BARRIERS TOEMERGENCE OFTRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORKS. 10
5.1 Difficulties oftransfrontier interoperability . 10
5.2 Legislative environment. 12
5.3 Compétition aspect. 13
5.4 Lack ofanoverall view atEuropean level oftheincrease
indemand andcorresponding networks. 14
5.5 Extent offinancing problems. 15
6.PRIORITY PROJECTS BYAREA CONCERNED ;HORIZONTAL AND
FINANCIAL MEASURES. 17
6.1 Priority projects byarea concerned. 17
6.2 Measures which might accelerate theemergence of
trans-European networks. 26
6.3 Potential financial assistance. 29
Annex 1:Establishing theregulatory framework. 31
Annex 2:ERDF subventions. 33
Annex 3:FTR subventions. 34
DRAFT COUNCIL RESOLUTION. 35
GLQSSAKY. 38

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TOWARDS TRANSEURDPEAN NETWORKS
FOR ACOMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMME
ПЛЗОШС1ТШ
'Hieinternal market programme ,which isproceeding smoothly onthetapi s.f
tlieguidelines setoutinthe (Emission 'sWhite Paper ofJune 3965 andthe
provisions ofthe Single Act .will generate all theeconomic aid .social
effects itaims atifthe free novetvent ofgoods ,services .capita ],and
persons inanarea without .iiitemal frontiers isbacked upbygenuinely
trans-European networks (physical infras'cructures ,servicer ;mi legal
arrangements ).
This need is particularly strong in four areas :transport ,
telecommunications ,energy and .vocational training .The preparatory work
carried out in .conjunction with the Member States throughout 1990 Ins
bi-oadly confirmed just how acute the problem posed by iijadecniate
trans-European networks is .Ithas been enough merely toconsult tbs
economic interests involved ,aswas done inOctober last ,todispel the
slightest doubt onthis point :they all agree that the benefits ofthe
single European market depend as much on the availability of
infrastructures andservices which actually make free movement possible as
onafavourable legislative environment .
TheCommission presented aninterim report totheCouncil inJuly 1990 .1
Itisnow inaposition topresent aCanmunioation inthe form ofa
Ooncrunity action programme for the creation of trans-European
infrastructure networks .
This Communication isinresponse tothewishes expressed bytheStrasbourg
andDublin European Councils (December 1969 andJune 1990 respectively )and
totheCouncil Resolution of22January 1990 .2
After having explored (i)thereasons whytheemergence oftranseuropean
networks isapriority ,(ii)tlie criteria which demonstrate the
insufficiencies of infrestructures . (Hi)the .importance of the
environmental dimension ,(iv)'theprincipal obstacles totheemergence of
tiviseuropean .networks and .(v)thenature ofthe firvc.c.hil constraints ,the
Com ..mruication proposes :
-aprc-gramms ofactions aiming atthe achie--em.~?.t ofprojects or
nrtverrr .with the adoption ofguidelines onfinc.io .-%oswell -r
seir.ee ufmeasurer ofgsrerol i?por'c-anC “?dsstj at .tose'dlu-atr ‘•••■e
eiiergenos ofbrans curopsan networks .
- draft Resolution oftheCouncil for theadoption rfaprogramme of
actions .
1CCM(90j510 final of19July 1990 .
2OJNoC27of6February 1990 ,p.8.

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1.FRAMEWORK FOR THE WORK CARRIED COT
1.1 Mandate given totheOcannissian bytheCouncil
Theidea ofanurgent discussion onapriority action programme already
been raised onseveral occasions within theCommunity institutions .
1.1.1 Following thediscussions atministerial level inthesecond ha/ifof
1989 ,theEuropean Council (December 1989 andJune 1990 )indicated the
importance itattached tothematter ofinfrastructure networks ofEuropean
interest byplacing further discussions onthefollowing basis :
"Special priority should be given to the development and
interconnection oftrans-European networks ,notably inthearea of
airtraffic control ,thelinking ofthemain Community conurbations
bybroadband telecommunications networks ,themost efficient surface
communicatiors links andenergy distribution .TheEuropean Council
asks theCommission topropose theappropriate measures ,taking into
account thepossibility ofextending such action tothewhole ofthe
Community ,paying particular attention tosituations arising atthe
tamaunity 'slimits inthecontext ofeconomic andsocial cohesion ."
These conclusions were reiterate !on23June 1000 bytheDublin European
Council ,which asked that "guidelines ...beagreed before theendofthis
year ".
1.1.2 InDecember 1939 ,the Commission adopted aCommunication entitled
"Towards Europe-wide Networks :objectives and possible applications ".3
This highlighted theproblems involved inadapting infrastructures tothe
emergence oftheCommunity market 'snewdimensions and indicated that "a
particular priority should beaccorded tothedevelopment oftrans-European
networks notably intheareas oftransport ,energy ,telecommunications and
training ,«.nwith aview totheir interoperability aidinterconnection ".
1.1.3 Acting onthebasis oftheConclusions oftheEuropean Council and
the Commission 'sCommunication ,the Council invited the Commission (in
January 1990 )tosubmit toitbefore theendof1990 ,forthefour areas
proposed bytheCommission ,
"awork programme andproposals forappropriate measures ,taking into
account thepossibility ofextending sued action tothewhole ofthe
Community andwithout prejudice tothedistribution ofwork among the
various formations ofthe Council .The Conmissian will submit an
initial progress report during thefirst half of1990 ."
30QM(89)643 final of18December 1989 .

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1.2 Implementation oftheCouncil Resolution
Throughout 13S0 ,the CoRarnisstoa hasrelied onthree sources ofirforu.ti -.u
ansi reaction ,no-tibiy toitsinterim report ,ofJuly 1990 ,inac'-».-ui.e
infrastructure needs inthe four areas concerned :
(i)the lih Etates ,via .avoxVi-gp;,rtr setupatthe Ci'iirfl's
request culcomprising nation ?!rfpxesonto tives :!+•h-'Srat iTl?' ,.
ofgL'i tiuies atthe CcEMissieo 'sirdtiative .Tfr.sc c."t.ie7-.
coordinators involved ,inaiditior' toattorilrg those roetAngj ,b«•«
submitted written contributions vidch have helped ,tomove tie
discussions forward and the Lie •\tification of priori' t-s (re
particular ,France ,theUK ,Spain .,Greece ,Fortngal ,Irelr3*l ,tt?
Netherlands andDenmark );
(ii)the econatd.o operators ixwoived ,principally the European
organizations most representative of ‘the industrial and service
sectors affected bytrans-European networks ,either asusers or
suppliers ofgoods orservices :this consultation has extended over
theentire year ,butmore particularly ataninformal hearing held on
8October 1990 inthe presence ofCommission officials and the
national coordinators ;
(ilt)specialized Community todies ,onthebasis ofthework they have
carried outconcerning thecreation orimprovement oftrans-European
networks :this includes work approved orbeing dealt with bythe
Council inthevarious areas being considered sothat maximum account
istaken ofmeasures which have been orarebeing launched andany
duplication isavoided .
2.CONTRIBUTION QFTHE fflY FRAMEW3EK
With theprospect ofasingle market without internal frontiers ,assessing
infrastructures inevitably leads torecognition oftheneed totake account
ofthenetwork requirements ofthat market .Appraisal ofthese needs at
Ccamnunity level cannot merely consist inadding together the individual
needs oftheMember States ,asassessed onnational lines .With ,respect to
theprinciple ofsubsidiarity which should allow theidentification ofthe
Community added-value ,acknowledgement ofthis fact must lead all those
involved inthedesign andcreation ofinfrastructures toincorporate the
Community dimension into their work .This also offers numerous advantages
which might encourage their emergence .
This view tallies with the guidelines identified inthe preliminary
document "Europe 2000 :outlook for the development ofthe Community 's
territory ",4 which highlights the increasing pressure on a
compartmentalized and fragile European area and the need tocreate a
coherent reference framework giving information onwhat ishappening
throughout theCommunity .
2.1 Creation ofasingle market without internal frontiers generates an
urgent demand fortrans-European networks
The White Paper ofJune 1985 took the realization offour fundamental
freedoms asabasis forproposing anoverall balanced approach inall the
sectors concerned .Itisacknowledged today that theeconomic effects of
successfully implementing these freedoms largely depend ontheexistence of
networks which facilitate communications andshrink the GtflEramity interns
oftime and distanee ,with aview togreater cohesion .Acloser link
between alltheregions which make uptheCommunity will enable them to
40QM(90)544 of16November 1990 .

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benefit asfully asvossitie from theGyamunity dimension aid from the
expected benefits ofabolishing internal frontiers .
Tnis need forsued infrestructures isstrengtliened byfour factors :
-the predicted (and in part already discernible )increase in
intra-Comraunity trade unimpeded byphysical ,technical and ,inthenear
future ,taxbarriers (volume effect );
-theneed forexisting infrastructures andservices tobeinterconnected
so that they will match the new dimensions of the market
(interoperability requirement );
-the importance oftaking theCommunity dimension into account inthe
design anddevelopment offuture network systems (dimension effect );
-the increased need for adequate service quality throughout Europe
(quality requirement ).
-theneed todraw closer alltheelements oftheCommunity space
(cohesion effect )
2.2 Problems linked
Planning and development ofinfrastructures and services ha/e,for
historical reasons ofcompetence ,traditionally been tackled onanational
orregional basis .This has resulted inafragmentation ofnetworks if
they areconsidered from aCommunity viewpoint .Thenewdimensions cithe
interrial market make itessential toconsider networks inthe much wider -
context ofthe Carmnunity and ,beyond that ,the European continent asa
whole .This vital integration ofinfrastructures into that new context
demands that each ,decision-making level (local ,regional ,national ,
Community ,etc.)take account oftheother levels ,where this isjustified
bythe nature ofthe project .This must lead ,togreater consultation
between decision-makers atvarious political levels .Suitable forums must
besought foroptimizing such consultation andmaking itasoperational as
possible .
2.2.2 BasponsiMllty ofe lG_operatgrs
While public authorities play amajor role ingenerating ,and often in
creating ,networks ,inparticular intheareas oftransport andtraining ,
the importance ofeconomic operators inlaunching and executing
infrastructure projects isgrowing .Hie increasing diversification of
S'tpply asaresult oftechnological development iscausing economic
operators toshow more interest .However ,this interest isclosely linked
tothedevelopment ofcorresponding markets andtherefore implies greater
user involvement .The development ofthe notion of "servioe (user )
charges ",according towhich theuser isprepared topayforthequality
service hereceives ,should further strengthen this trend byfacilitating
theprivate financing ofnetworks .
Inother words ,theemergence oftrans-European networks depends asmuch on
private-sector initiatives asonaction bythepublic authorities .This is
asfrequently reflected inapartnership between thetwo .

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2,3Canaunlty contr ibution
Consideration ofnetwork problems within aCommunity context offers seven ,1
decisive advantages .Thenetworks seerc tobeinadequately exploited at
present ,astheconsultations with economic operators demonstrated .Giving
consideration totheproblems identified might :
-facilitate thanks toaglobal vision ,the identification ofthe
Community interest inexisting' orplanned projects ;
-stimulate optimum exploitation ofexisting networks ;
-promote theadoption ofstandards guaranteeing theinteroperability of
networks ;
-stimulate thejoint submission oftransnational projects ;
-promote the production ofindicative plans aspart ofamedium -and
long-term strategy for improving networks aid .securing optimum -use of
theEuropean area ;
-enable better account tobetaken ofthenecessary balance between the
centre andtheperiphery oftheCommunity inthecontext ofeconomic and
social cohesion ;
-maximize theeconomic impact ofnetworks fortheregions crossed ;
-cause account tobetaken intheprofitability analysis ofthebenefits
which projects should have fortheentire Community ;
-offer aframework for coordinating the statistics necessary for
assessing network requirements ;
-facilitate theexpansion ofopportunities forCommunity networks ona
continental scale ,inparticular with theEFTA ,countries ,eastern
Europe ,aswell astheir extension inthedirection ofthemediterranean
third countries ;
-promote new synergies between regions indifferent ilember States aid .
between different branches ofindustry ;
-assist orsupplement the financing ofprojects ofCoraojnity interest
using theinstruments available .
3.GTOQliPBICAL DIMEtTSIGl AMD G23TE1T O?HITS -TöFCdEfe !feTvJOlfe ;
3.1 Geogr&phiccl dimension
Thefirst priority istoenable Gomnnity networks tocater for the rapid
gre fe cf intra-Community trade which ,will result -c-ni is already
ret'ulti "g-from completion ofthe infernal marl-et .Tuis .'.usiii.si otoer
t>t iak’rastruGtures situated ontie ia::::iiory offee C;:'.mlfe Itraus .,
thus contribute toachieving a.better neieees 1st ;asa •!>ciiv ;and fee
periphery sothat peripheral regions oan benefit fra .,fee savant'rgcs
offered bythe single European market .Amore ex'uonsive o.dbetter-meshed
network has acohesive effect beneficial tofee Gaaocnity 'speripheral aid
oentral regions alike .

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However ,theproblems linked totrans-European networks cannot belimited
toCommunity territory .Account must betaken ofthe imperative of
integrating theentire European continent :
(i)the extension totheEFEA countries ofthe principles offree
movement ,currently being negotiated ,makes itnecessary fora
further dimension tobeadded toCommunity network projects .Inthia
respect ,even greater priority should begiven tothesevere transit
problems encountered inAustria andSwitzerland inthetransport and
energy sectors ;
(ii)thechanges taking place inoentral andeastern Europe ,which are
reflected inanumber ofincreasingly ambitious agreements ,are
reason enough fortaking steps tosatisfy theenormous infrastructure
needs ofthecountries concerned with aview totheir integration
with the Community and EFTA .The Commission 'srecent proposals
concerning the "European Energy Charter "initiated bythememorandum
oftheDutch Prime Minister attheEuropean Council inDublin and
clarified atthe recent Paris Summit ofthe CSCE are consistent with
this approach .Yugoslavia isofparticular importance asregards the
transport andenergy sectors .
Furthermore ,the development ofrelations with mediterranean third
countries should translate into thesearch foragreater interoperability
ofnetworks ,inparticular intheenergy andtelecommunications fields .
3.2 Content oftrans-European networks
Several important aspects ofthese networks should receive greater
attention from the Community ,with account being taken ofall the
components ofany network :transmission structures (links ),points of
contact (nodes ),terminal installations ,infrastructure-based services and
the legislative environment .The deficiencies highlighted during the
recent discussions show that trans-European networks must bedeveloped in
four main directions .
Theexisting national networks have notbeen designed tocater forlarge
trade flows between Member States ,and this leads to inadequate
Interconnections andtorules andregulations which prevent such flows .
*The growth ofintra-Community trade therefore requires links tobe
established where they arecurrently lacking inexisting networks and
bottlenecks tobeovercome .This involves interconnecting existing
networks orconstructing newones .
*Optimum exploitation ofthese networks requires that Inhibiting national
provisions berepealed and ,where necessary ,that harmonized provisions
beintroduced .
*Thehistorical lieterogeneity oftheCommunity 'seconomic structure must
becompensated forbyanattempt toestablish .,incoherent ormore
oournLefe fashion ,Kfewte ctaerirg theentire territory .This
applies particularly intheareas ofgaspipelines ,certain means of
transport (motorways ,raiIways )andtelecommunications services .

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ILJLJS _Planni ngthenetworksoffr^morrow
Technological developments and the growing internationalization oftiar ..:
must lead the Community and its Member States tom&e n>-y.-.-r.1r.-il.te aul
concerted plans for tbe r^tworks oftomorrow bnall tine areas concerns .
This istrue whether oneistalking about high-speed passteger rate lute .■.
andtheliaisons between maritime andland transport ,hreedoard li-sks ,air
traffic control ,energy exchanges or training .The developer ;:of
interconnections with countries incentral ,andeastern Europe comes cider
the same heading -.
3.2.3
Thenodes oftrans-Eiropean networks liave asignificance which hasnotyet
been considered intheEuropean context .Theimportance ofnodes forgoods
andpassenger transport networks increases still further when oneconsiders
thefuture high-speed links between European cities (urban networks )ard
thedevelopment ofcombined transport (terminals ).
Infrastruetures inthemselves serve nopurpose unless they enable aservice
to be offered .Services offered on the networks ,must also be
trans-European and take maximum account ofuser requirements .This may
find expression inthe need for amanagement framework adapted tothe
European dimension orinthe establishment ofspecific services (e.g.
reservation systems ,service-invoicing systems ,charging systems ,
linguistic adaptation ,energy exchange pools ).
4.ENVI IÊCÏIÎIW *TAL HEMENSIC8J OFPHYSICAL IKFRASTFSKTrOKES
Infrastructures linked totrans-European networks donotinthemselves give
rise toproblems anydifferent from those encountered during theplanning
and construction ofany physical infrastructure ,inparticular transport
and energy links .This aspect isprimarily the responsibility ofthe
Member States and their regional and local authorities ,even though
protection ofthe environment isalso acomponent ofother Coranunity
policies .
Whilst respecting the division ofresponsibilities inthis area ,the
Ooagnunity can lay down general principles tobeadhered tobythe
Member States and also conduct detailed discussions .
*Ageneral Ccaanunity framework has been established byCouncilDirective 85/337/EEc(*)ontheassessment oftheeffects ofcertain
public andprivate projects ontheenvironment toensure that allowance
isHade for the natural environment innational and regional
infrastructure projects .(This Directive might shortly beextended to
policies ,programmes andplans such asregional development programmes ,
economic programmes and land-use plans proposed by the public
authorities );
(5)OJNoL175of5July 1985 .

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*The Comndssion has recently considered .indetail the matter ofthe
environment and transport and the choice tobemade between the
nuisances caused by traffic congestion and the creation ofan
infrastructure which isdesigned toovercome these nuisances butwhich
may ,atthesame time ,give rise toserious prohlems ofcohabitation
with other functions ofsocial life (housing ,work )anddamage tothe
man-made and natural environment .More fundamentally ,environmental
protection implies that the choice between means oftransport ard
between thevarious transport organ !zation systems must satisfy new
criteria .With this inmind ,the Commission aims toestablish ,a
long-term comprehensive scketa formulti.mcdal infrssinriotures (allowing
passage from one mode oftransport toanother without technical
diffulties )and thecreation ofanetwork created forobserving ard .
disseninating the initiatives adopted bytowns and cities toovercome
transport problems andmanage urban land .
*Inthe area ofenergy ,the main difficulties ofenvironmental
integration occur atthelevel ofpower interconnections .Theparadox
is ,however ,that overliead electrical lines arebecoming anincreasingly
unacceptable form ofvisual pollution even though ,thedevelopment of
interconnections byinstalling such lines isthebest wayofoptimizing
use ofexisting production capacities and ofreducing polluting
atmospheric emissions .Itistherefore aquestion ofchoosing themost
efficient solutions with the least impact onthe environment .This
choice should bebetter analysed .
*Theapproach proposed fortrans-European transport andenergy networks
1vnld initself make asignificant contribution toprotecting the
environment .This isbecause ,byfavouring anintegrated approach to
the various means oftransport and toenergy interconnecidons at
Community level ,itdirects political choices towards optimum useofthe
infrastructures available onCommunity territory .
5.BARRIERS T0 *3OFTRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORKS
Taken together ,five types ofobstacle explain thecurrent situation of
inadequate ,and even non-existent ,trans-European networks .Without
vigorous and concerted political action ,there isnoprospect ofthese
obstacles disappearing oftheir ownaccount .They result essentially from
problems ofinteroperability ,aninadequate legislative environment ,
constraints linked tocompetition andageneral lack ofanyglobal vision
ofinfrastructures atCommunity level ,reinforoed byashortage of
statistics conceived oncommon bases .Although theexistence ofafurther
constraint linked tothevolume offinance available isnotproven ,the
combined effects ofthe obstacles identified above tend tocomplicate
solutions totheproblem offinancing trans-European networks .
5.1 Difficulties oftransfrontier interoperability
The work carried out inthe telecommunications and transport sectors
demonstrates howthefragmentation ofinfrastructures andthewayinwhich
they aremanaged annational lines hampers thecross-frontier provision of
services .
The lack ofInteroperability between thevarious networks created bythe
Idemner States makes itimpossible for them tolink upwith each other
beyond national frontiers and for them tobeoperated simultaneously or
consecutively sothat they offer acoherent ardsatisfactory service ata
reasonable cast totheuser *.These difficulties arelinked notonly tothc
facuities codinstallations concerned butalso totheservxoes provided .
)

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Ausee vishirh tomake 05-3 of sheinf .-astructuros ofseveral mr.rxcS .h
order tosupply services will have tooou:c:.ci with amultit -.u.wofctj -ifeoe -t
agents andpricing systems biSod ondifferent parameters .
Ac regali sholeov-i&vTlGatbrrv "ne principal otsiwlos ar® c.-. ..0
adisù nistraiive ani aix^e all tariti retore .la uor.rin r.n .rr'oic' .....
lr-Garatiission has sec :;ts--if crusocqective orbring .;..,g 11*2 oce.o -.-.tci~:> t...
orient their ta.iffs onaeiosl costs ,which ,siiouri -s.12.y --v.ar\tou;.3rl' /
re’retie ::-incosts c-cosing iihernnl jxcni iers uithe OcvorAty .Ithr....,r_
intention topublish during thefirst Cmonths ofIS 1'",ainwon'^iai .;r
this tariff question which will propose acertain number ofr-rromuiervaih vr:
destined tospeed upthis evolution .
The inadequacy ofpair-Suiopoan te’eravia ^services isarticuJo rdysiti r;
as1993 approaches ,especially where services oshas^c aselectronic roil
era videotex are concerned .
Certain measures have been taken ,intie wake oftie CtaaLlssina'c ?Chtx-.n
B&psr onTelecca®Eiu)imtians i,todetermine theessential requirements which
networks must meet particularly with the directive on oper networkprevision GNp(6)and toensure that astandardize tlon program <>eis
implemented atEuropean level bythe ETSI ,anew body specifically created
forthat purpose .
Afurther Green Paper recently adopted bythe Ccmralssion .ccicemlrgSatellite Ccmsunicatians ^)examines more particularly themeasures tobe
taken to ensure the interoperability ofsatellite telecoraouiciioaticns
network (VSAT ).
Insome areas ,such asvideotex ,transfrontier applications are hampered
not only bythe existence ofdifferent technical standards ,but above ail
bynational regulations andadministrative provisions whose inooTmqvatrliLlity
inhibits the development ofsuch applications .
Inthe area of mobile radio ,where the incompatibility ofnational
technical choices forces the user toacquire asmany different pieces of
terminal equipment asthere are national services ,the production or
harmonized standards ,currently inprogress ,will have toheaccompanied ,by
their effective implementation onthe basis ofnew investment .The dates
for theintroduction ofthese paneuropean services are 1931 forthe mobile
radiotelephone ,end 1992 for mobile radio-mess agoing and the ccrdle.-o
telephone .
The question still remains whether staxrfaxdisaticn isproceeding quick ,v
enough for the Concoimity 'steleoomrounj -cations tobecome cc-r.p 3/tlble with
each other within aperiod oftime which isreasonable inrelation tovue
establishment ofthe single market ,'.’’is nevertheless raises the crab Leo
oftheavailability oftherequired .expertise within the Co.-rmcruLty .
iithe area oftr&evnort .,ice work already carried out c-.nAc i.stl^r r
tccmi.oul ooutnati .1hiity in ii>® coir'-vi 01ibg-£~rnd reil -late l.-v
Idgilightci v’"C sheer seal:' -,ofdo--..ask .give .:- ■;l,r:gr v.::.b:i ':f our ...
tsofniO /icp-ccific.'l -ort Irev '<•'-■'-VM. a -/.•0.. v-v etAt:-:A. -’uv:’ ...c
TA"'TT- t•Xqh.L j_
(6)Ckj P/±.U1?1*iôôü
(7)Œ>‘î (90)490 of20hüV .1930

–12 –
vi:vi'avyc:se , iO\ui, rOo.uuöih \;3;eourtou v.,-ergni-t
:strTii ;. •-•?»•::.ou^r:<>.•'..ar* .'•.-TV ?uevhit.c %i£&oend£arii.2atlon to
;••JBZ -:-Z.Ï:*':■(XnravLi b"J.ioy .?nfr :-shrvo turcs euequipœent .
ZtiwOx-'-.vt'JAT .on?arelike-iy toaxIreinoho1-area ,of <xmhined transport ,
vnieh will in .3.991 bp -tiesubject ofwork similar tothat carried outon
high-speed links .
Inthearea ofairtraffic control ,22technically inccitpatitie systems
currently operate inEurope ,leaving untouched asituation inwhich air
frontiers cannot bereconciled with the frontier-free area aimed atthe
Single European Act .
Atechnical standardization programme ,involving alltheparties concerned
bythese infrastructures ,should therefore belaunched .This should ,in
particular ,prevent newnational standards from being produced andpromote
aEuropean approach .This ismore orless what was advocated bythe
Commission 'srecent Green Paper on the development of Europeanstandardization .8
The management ofalarge number ofnetworks takes noaccount ofuser
requirements orcomfort and leads toavariety ofsituations such as
tickets being checked twice oninternational rail services ,theabsence of
integrated reservation systems oradrastic restriction ofchoice .
5.2 Legislative environment
There aretwosides tothecoin inthis respect :some rules andregulations
favour freedom ofmovement andabetter use ofnetworks ,whilst others mafc -
thecreation ofnetworks more difficult orcostly .
Ontheonehand ,national rules hamper thefree movement ofgoods ,freedom
ofestablishment and freedom toprovide services intheCommunity .They
were highlignted intheCommission 'sWhite Paper ofJune 1985 andmeasures
have been proposed bytheCommission forliberalizing these areas .
These measures relate toallmeans oftransport (air ,road ,sea ,inland
waterway ,combined ),telecommunications andenergy (right oftransit for
power andgas).
Many ofthese measures have already been adopted bytheCouncil and .are
being implemented .Others arestill being discussed within theCouncil and
thenecessary decisions should betaken inthenear future (cf.section
6.2.2 .p.26below ).
Ontheother hand ,thecreation oftrans-European networks ishampered by
considerable legal ,administrative and tax difficulties linked tothe
different national provisions regulating them .
Aparticularly apposite example isEurotunnel .The legal framework
established bythe Fr -anco-British Treaty involves twoconcessions being
granted :onegoverned byFrench lawforthesection ofthetunnel onFrench
territory ,andonegoverned byTEClawforthesection onUKterritory .
Thi,qmeans that allrrooedures areduplicated since they must becarried
outbydifferent companies ineach ofthetwoGauntries ,andthis applies
not only tothe tunnel 'sconstruction andoperation ,butalso toail
necessary financial operations such astherecent increase inthecapital
oftlu3twoholaiig companies ,Eure -tunnel SAandEurotunnel pic .Theextra
cost inTerms ofadministraxi veprocedures ,waiting periods ,dossiers tobe
submitted ,t-axdisparity es ,etc .,isobvious .
3031(90)433 of6Ootober 1900 .

-13-
Because noappropriate European structure ,such astheEuroyoan company
statute proposed bytheCanulssl on ,iscurrently available ,-chetunnel will
beoperated byseparate legal entities' ,each one comply!' :.gwith te
legislation ofitsownMember State andsubject todistinct taxregimes .
Moreover ,the multiplicity and dlvf'-X'dty ofadministrative procedures ,
differing from one country toajiotlier ,with aview toobtaining’ the
necessary autorisatiors for theestablishment ofphysical infrastructures
constitute aretarding factor andasupplementary cost which also must Lo
taken into account ,particularly attrielevel offinancing .
5.3 Compétition aspect
TheCommunity isfounded ontheprinciples offree competition .
The role ofpublic authorities inplanning and creating transport aid
training infrastructures remains important .
Asfarastelecommunications are concerned ,theseparation ofregulatory
and operating functions resulting from Community action will allow tins
sector tobeopened uptocompetition .
Inthearea ofenergy (electricity andgas),therules inforce give the
public authorities anot-inconslderable influence via their right tofix
prices ,grant investment authorizations andsetthecompetition rules .
Inthese circumstances ,the point atwhich the public authorities will
become involved increating infrastructures remains rather unclear .The
consequences ofthis areasfollows :
(i)Byvirtue ofthe division ofresponsibilities between public
authorities and economic operators ,anumber ofservices forwhich
there isamarket demand will naturally compete with each other ,and
anypublic intervention isliable todistort such competition .
(ii)The integration ofinfrastructures via the interoperability of
systems already inoperation orstill tobecreated would be
considerably facilitated by cooperation between the economic
operators involved .However ,such cooperation should not lead to
agreements between undertakings which would have c-stheir objective
ortheir effect torestrain competition inamanner incompatible with
tireTreaty and this inparticular tothedetriment oftheusers .
These matters are currently tire subject ofintensive discussions inthe
telecomnnrrjicatians sector because ofthe recent liberalization which has
occurred there following upon theentry into force ofdirectives adopted
within theframework oftheGreen Paper onTelecommunications (c.f .the
Draft Directive onleased lines anddraft guidelines ontheapplication of
thecompetition rules inthetelecommunications sector applicable topublic
operators enjoying exclusive orspecial rights ).
Other sectors are bound just asmuch bycompetition rules :for example
cooperation between power generators and distributors inthe Community
aimed atmaking better useofproduction capacities (which isdesirable in
allrespects )must notresult inthe elimination ofcompetition between
operators .

-14-
Inthefield oftransport ,thesame problems arise both asregards thesame
means oftransport (cooperation between airlines ,railway companies ,
rotation system for barge operators ,etc.)azd .asregards combined
transport (e.g. cooperation between therailways androad haulage firms ).
Asregards mritsni systems ,acloser integration ofnetworks presupposes
cooperation between theinstitutions involved .This applies ,forexample ,
totheinteroperability ofpayment cards .Asfortransfers ,theCommission
insisted ,inthecontext ofitsrecent initiative ,(9)onclearing houses
being linked upwith each other .This canbeachieved only onthebasis of
agreements between thesystems concerned .However ,such agreements must
oa .plywith thecompetition rules laid down bytheEECTreaty .There isa
need tostimulate private-sector initiatives ,particularly onthepart of
credit institutions ,for establishing trans-European networks .Without
waiting fortheachievement ofEconomic andMonetary Union itisopportune
togive tiie public authorities ,inparticular the central banks ,the
possibility oftaking part inthese systems andofmonitoring their smooth
operation .This also leaves open thepossibility oftheEuropean system of
central tanks playing amajor role .
All things considered ,the desire for greater integration ofnetworks ,
which inevitably presupposes increased cooperation between the various
pm?ties ,islimited byapplication ofcompetition rules ,which arevital to
ensure that the benefits ofliberalization are not offset bythe
establishment ofagreements ornew illegal monopolies .Itistherefore
desirable that &balance bsstruck between the two imperatives -
integration and competition -soastoguarantee the emergence ofthe
tf’sj.s-E -ropean networks which theinternal market needs .
S.4 lack ofanoverall view atEuropean level oftheincrease indemand
andoorr'osp&nd.irg infrastructures
TheCommission has ,repeatedly andinanumber ofareas ,insisted onthe
need foranoverall view ofthedevelopment ofEuropean infrastructures
and ,even further upstrea® ,ofthe .charging pattern ofrequirements .Itis
obliged ,however ,toconclude that infrastructures arestill being' designed
anddeveloped onthebasis ofinformation which only partially incorporates
theEuropean dimension .
This situation was stressed byvirtually all the economic interests
(notably UNICE ,ERT ,CLCA ,FIEC )represented atthe hearing of
8October 1990 ,which regretted the absence ofanoverall view of
infrastructure needs ,particularly with regard totransport ,atthelevel
oftheEuropean continent .
Inthetelecommunications field ,theCommission issetting upaforum for
European ISDN users toincrease demand and step upthe pressure on
operators .
Thequalitative change brought about bythenewdimensions oftheCommunity
market also make itnecessary toredefine the frameworks within vfaich
infrastructures aredesigned ,while respecting thesubsidiarity principle .
(9)C0M(9C )447of24Oct .1990

-15-
(i)Better adapted and store efficient instruments of statistical
oeas.jreojerj.t are needed ,and this involves creating statistic-;."' ,
information systems suitable interms ofmethods ,standard !nation a.;.i
instalments ofstatistical measurement .These systems will have
count ontrans-European telematics networks ,andanatoempt isberg
made todevelop these .The Community 'sStatistical Office isthe
natural framework forcoordinating these measures .
(ii)Account must betaken ofthemajor factors affecting thedevelupeuri
ofthe Community area resulting from completion ofthe internal
market ,aswasdone intheinitial interim report presented bythe
Commission totheCouncil 4prior topresentation ofafinal report
atthe end of1991 .
These attempts atachieving coherence are probably inadequate given the
scale ofchanges induced bycompletion oftheinternal market andbythe
speed atwhich the process ofintegrating the European continent is
proceeding .
5.5 Extent offinancing problems
5.5.1 Conditions forprivate financing
Theanalyses carried outdonotindicate that theconstraint ofthevolume
offinance aval .]able isamajor obstacle tothecreation oftrans-European
networks .The ongoing decompartmentalization offinancial markets should
help stimulate the mobilization offunds ,and the financial groups are
increasingly organized insuch awayastobeable toprovide finance ona
trans-national basis .It is the small ,number of large-scale and
well-designed projects which isthemain reason whysolittle inthewayof
private money hasbeen mobilized .
All theanalyses show that thelogic underlying trans-European networks is
that ofthemarket ,since these networks exist tosatisfy needs that have
been expressed .The fact -feat aproject offers aseUfactory rate cf
return undoubtedly mateas iteasier toattract pi ''~i>finance .Bub
profitability should not always beunderstood inastrictly financial
se’-'se .CbnsideratAon should also begiven toextern*-” .f.iioxs ,such asa
project 'svore general positive repercaesiots for tbt evees co:^.u-u:.d
(reduction ofisolation ,decongestion ofexisting infrestructures ,ecGcor.ic
development ofcertain regions ,location ofeconomic activities ,etc.' .
This will beeJl tbs more effective ifths project isviewed in .its
entirety ,andinparticular initsoverall CcEseunity context .
This approach must not ,however ,lead totheconclusion that nofinancing
problems exist .This isbecause :
-therisks arestill high fortheprivate sector (long-term commitment ,
difficulty ofevaluating thepotential return ,thecost andtheduration
ofconstruction ,macroeconomic parameters ,complexity ofthelegal and
administrative environment ,political uncertainties );
-thefinancial networks arenotalways structured insuch awayastobe
able tocope easily with trans-European projects ,particularly since
they aregenerally segmented onanational orregional basis ;
-theemergence ofprojects isoften delayed ,indeed completely shifted ,
bytheabsence offeasibility studies owing toalack offunds forthis
type ofstudy ;

-16-
-private -sector finance carnet beobtained inallcases ,andpublic
finance istherefore needed (potentially associated with acontribution
from private capital ):
*where projects donotoffer asufficient rate offinancial return ,
even though their socio-economic profitability isestablished ;this
might betheesse anywhere intheCommunity ,butitoccurs more often
intheperipheral regions ,where thepopulation isless dense andthe
distance from the Community 'smain economic centres constitutes a
severe handicap ,or
*because itisimpossible tomake theuser payforthecorresponding
service (e.g. difficulty ofintroducing tolls inthemost densely
populated regions oftheCommunity ).
5.5.2 Current Oosranunity responses
TheCommunity ,through itsownfinancial instruments (budget and .loans ),
provides assistance for the execution ofprojects which are sometimes
trans-European innature even ifthey also serve other purposes such as
regional development .The objective ofcohesion within the Community ,
pursued bythese instruments ,would beserved just aswell bythefinancing
oftrans-European networks liable toreduce the isolation ofregions
visa-vis existing economic centres and tofoster the development of
economic activities .
Such assistance could bemore effective ifitformed aclean part ofa
Ccsnmmity rKatwork-creaticm policy .There have not ,uptothepresent time ,
hoc anygenuine outline plans forEuropean networks inthevarious areas
concerned would enable the Community toprovide assistance inamore
coherent fashion .The expected adoption ofamaster plan forhigh-speed
railway 1.1nks within the Community will ,for the first time ,provide a
solid reference framework forCommunity financial assistance ,asandwhen
this isrequired .Nor isitanycoincidence that afocusing ofCommunity
financial instruments onthe establishment ofthis network isalready
apparent .
Inthis context ,thesupplementary nature ofccacemmity resources should be
recalled ,given toreinforcing national and/orregional interventions which
play traditionnally asignificant role in the development of
infrastructures .
Inthespecific area oftelecocmmioatioce ,theCommunity policy guidelines
confirmed bytheCouncil since 1966 have enabled finance tobegranted
coherently onthe basis ofacoordinated definition ofCommunity
priorities .
Thefollowing Community assistance isavailable :
(i)Asregards thestructural Funds ,following their reform in1988 ,the
ERDF will spend athird ofitsallocated resources fortheperiod
1988-93 onbasic infrastructures ,mainly inObjective 1regions
(chiefly Ireland ,Greeoe ,Portugal and Spain ),included inthe
Community support frameworks andvarious Community initiatives ,in
particular Regan ,Interreg ,STAR ,T&Lematique ,Euroform etc ..
Community assistance (ERDF grants )towards major -transport and
teleooircmmicati onsinfrastructures should amount toECU6.6billion ,
with ECU1.5billion going toenergy infrastructures (seefigures in
Annex 2):

-1?-
(ii)The Cofisaunity budget offers anumber ofother possibilities forthe
creation oftrans -European networks ,inparticular
*inthe telecoessminioatians sector ,with programmes such asCACDIA ,
INSI8 ,TEDIS and IMPACT ,viiich are intended tostrengthen
trans-European cooperation between the parties involved
(administrations ,businesses );
*inthetransport sector ,forwhich theCouncil hasrecently adopted
aioultiannual programme (1990-S2 )with aprojected budget of
ECU328million tohelp finance aseries ofmajor European projects
(studies orworks )onthebasis ofgrants orother appropriate
means .
*inthevocational training sector ,under theOCMEIT II ,ERASMUS II ,
LINGUA ,FORCE ,EUROIEGNET ,PETRA inthe field oftraining for
research byresearch ,thanks totheSCIENCE programme ,and oilier
research programmes with shared funding (DELTA providing for the
development ofnewtechnologies applied toeducation andtraining ).
*inthedomain ofinforming small andmedium sized enterprises
through theEuro-Info -Centres andtheBusiness Co-operation -NET.
(.iii)the Community loan instruments which ,for example ,provide the
following funds inthe field ,ofinformation for small and medium
enterprises with theEuro -info -centres and theBusiness Cooperation -
NET :
*The European Investment Bank lent over ECU2800million in1989
for projects of Community interest in the transport ,
telecommunications andenergy sectors (seefigures inAnnex 3);
*TheBCSC loan facilities canbedeployed tofinance infrastructures
using steel ,and this has recently enabled particularly the
TGV-Atlantique and thePhine-Mai n-Danube Canal tobefinanced ,ad
thegasdistribution network inGreece .
(IV)Moreover the PHARE programme favouring cooperation with Central
Europe offers some possibility todevelop networks .
6.ELEMENTS OFAOCMIUNHY ACTION PROGRAMME :
<Xa?CERNHD ,HORIZONTAL ANDFINANCIAL MEASURESPRIORITE PROJBGTS BYAREA
6.1 .Priority projects byarea concerned
Most oftheprojects listed below have come agood wayinthegestation
process attheCommission and some ofthem already form the subject of
decisions bytheappropriate Community bodies .They maybeatthestage of
research anddevelopment ,feasibility studies orimplementation ;theaim
ofallofthem istomeet theconcerns expressed inthis report concerning
the inadequacy ofexisting trans-European networks .Their degree of
priority has been assessed onthe basis ofcriteria ,set out inthis
Communication and±nthelight ofthecontributions oftheMember States
during thecoordination work and the observations formulated byeconomic
circles .

-18-
Although thework carried outwith aview tothis communication revealed
theinterest inaglobal approach toallmeans oftransport duetotheir
complementary nature ,theCommunity hasonly developed actions forcertain
infrastructures ,despite thepressure from theCommission togobeyond such
anapproach .This explains theabsence ofanyprojects relating toports
orairports ,taking into account thelack ofdecision bytheCouncil onthe
proposal ofthe Commission seeking toextend the competences ofthe
Community totliese domains .however ,discussions undertaken with theMember
States show that themajority ofthem wish todevelop such ajoint effort
inthe perspective ofamore global and multi-modal approach .Inthis
context ,itisparticularily opportune toencourage the adoption ofthe
programme oftechnological research anddevelopment intransport (EKRET
1990-1993 ),aimed atoptimizing the exploitation oftransport and
logistical networks (allmodes oftransport ).
6.1.1.1 .Airtransport
TheCommission considers that thesolution toairtraffic congestion will
ocscaeabout through ,decisions tounite the current control systems .The
measures taken bytheECAC inApril 1990 andthecreation ,under theaegis
ofEUBOCDNTSOL ,ofasingle management centre forairtraffic control ,are
insufficient .Even though the Commission will contribute toimplementation
ofthese measures itconsiders them only asafirst step ,insofar asthey
...relimited toensuring thecompatibility ofexisting national systems .It
intends promoting further studies toinfluence complementary decisions
which should betaken before 1994 .
-Studies onaunified system ofairtraffic control :participation inthe
EUROCONTROL PHARE programme andATLAS study (RS’Daiming todefine
asolution allowing theestablishment ofanintegrated system using
advanced telecommunications techniques -1990-1992 ).
6.1.1 .2.Road ,transport
(i)AStudy will becarried outintheinfrastructure Committee onthe
prospects foraCommunity motorway network by2010 (1991 );
(ii)Certain projects have already been identified asparticipating dir¬
ectly intheinterconnection ofexisting networks ;this isthecase with
thefollowing projects which willbethesubject ofaCommunity financial
subvention :
-Road links across thePyrenees
*Toulouse-Madxid and Bordeaux -Valencia :construction ofatunnel under
theSomport ,(commissioning in1995 ).
*Toulouse-Barcelona viathePuymorens tunnel (commissioning in1994 ).
- *nv*Brenner «xiH
(iii)Other projects participate intheopening upofperipheral regions
ard their achievement will facilitate access bythese regions tothe
benefits ofthe internal market :

-19-
-Road link toIreland :A5/A55 link between Crewe andHolyhead ,inthe
United Kingdom
-Brindisi -Patras -Athens
-Lisbon -Madrid
Civ)Finally certain other projects should allow forbetter connections
with countries bordering theCommunity :
-Road links inScandinavia :
*Aalborg-Freder 1kshaven motorway
*Fèhmam llhks
-Athens -Evzoni -Yugoslavia
6.1.1 .3.Rail transport
(i)Attention here isconcentrated onthehigh speed rail Units whose
development envisages :
-High speed railway links (1990-2010 ):
*North :Paris -London -Brussels -Amsterdam -Cologne, with connections to
other Member States
*South :Seville -Madrid -Barcelona -Lyon -Turin-Milan -Venice ,and hence to
Tarvisio andTrieste ;Oporto -Lisbon -Madrid
Furthermore togive these links their full community dimension ,itis
opportune toproceed with :
-astudy ofthe15key-links proposed bythehigh level group onthehigh
speed rail network (end1991 )
(ii)Thefollowing project isinthecontext ofdis-endaving :
-The DubUn -Holyhead -Crewe andDublin-Belfast axes
6.1.1 .4.Combine !transport
-TheBrenner axis (1990-2000 )
-Implementation ofthe Council resolution of12November 1990 ona
European combined transport network (establishment ofacoherent pattern
oflines andterminals )andsubmission ofareport totheCouncil by
1June 1991 .
-This work which concentrates onthe road and railway modes should be
extended toinland waterway and maritime ,and this inview ofthe
interest expressed inmaritime transport byPortugal ,Ireland ,Denmark ,
Greece ,Spain ,andBelgium .
-Altering gauges ontheaxes United Kingdom -Benelux -Italy and Germany -
Spain-Portugal (1991-1992 ).

-20-
6.1.1 .5.Tr/land waterways
(i)Theeconomic development oftheexisting networks lies ininter ¬
connections ,particular lyinFrance (e.g. astudy ontheSeine -Nord
link will beachieved in1991 )andinGermany (Mittellaxd
kanal ).
6.1.1.6 .Seashipping
Theabsence ofpolitical consensus (cabotage ,competence inmatters of
port infrastructure )tosuccessfully carry through concerted actions at
Community level hinders theexamination ofamore rational exploitation of
surface transport networks .For example ,the development ofport
infrastructures along theAtlantic and Mediteraneen coastlines could be
studied intheperspective ofthedevelopment ofcertain economies (e.g.
Ireland ).
-Improvement oflinks with Ireland .
-Study onthedevelopment ofshort seashipping .
6.1.2 . mications and telematic services ,
l/paiding telematics services depends largely onthere being afavourable
regulatory atmosphere ardstandards which will ensure interoperability (see
measures still tobetaken below ).Itisuptobusiness totake advantage
ofthis freer environment tocreate applications tomeet existing needs .
Onthe other hand ,the authorities may stimulate anumber ofconcrete
applications permitting better management inCommunity affairs orinareas
where therole oftheauthorities ispreponderant .This isthecontext in
which ,the Commission isadvocating the following projects ,falling into
three categories ,applications ,services andPSD .
6.1.2.1 .Applications
la)_Manag ement ofCommunity affai rs
Theabolition offinancial ,physical and technical frontiers entails new
needs forexchanges ofinformation between administrations andtheeconomic
operators toensure efficient management ofthe frcntierless area ina
series ofdifferent domains .(10).This means putting inplace thethe
networks for telematic services necessary for the completion ofthe
Internal Market ,for example ,information exchange systems between the
institutions oftheCommunity andinparticular with theMember States in
the context ofthe legislative process ,procedures concerning ,for
example ,state aids ,notification systems (e.g. under Directive 83/189),
early warning systems ,etc .;information access systems (data banks ,etc .).
Urgency requires that every administration concerned intheMember States
andtheCommission buckle down tothis task immediately .
Thedomains adjudged tohave priority inrelation totheachievement ofthe
frontier-free area are :
(10)C0M(90 )473of5Oct .1990 .

-21-
(1)Inthecustoms andindire cttaxationfield :
Thedevelopment ofcomputer systems tomeet customs andfiscal requirements
isacrucial part ofthe single market implementation programme ;They
irdbide cormmxnications networks toenable fil9qs ofdata tobeexchang 'd,
electronically between theCommission andtheMember States ,between Member
States themselves ,trader interfac.es toenable data tobeexchanged between
national administrations and traders and oentral databases toprovide
customs and fiscal information forboth administrations and traders .
Certain projects are already under way ,but much remains tobedone .The
projects which follow are indispensable for1.193inthecustc&ss field :
*management ofTARIC (common customs tariff ):Considerable improvement
ofthedata base toreflect themuch wider user population .Replacement
oftheexisting relatively simple interface system .
*setting upanadvanced computer network for the management ofTARIC ,
quota (contingents )control ,binding tariff information ,mutual
assistance andexchange ofinformation
*redevelopment ofthe SCEfT project for electronic transmission cf
information concerning measures tocombat fraud
*transit monitoring
*theSystem ofexport Controls
Hitherto ,very little attention hasbeen paid tothedevelopment offiscal
computer systems atCommunity level .However Member States must ,onthe
basis oforientations fixed bythe Council inNovember 1990 ,take the
necessary steps toallowfortheexchange ofcomputer based data bymeans
oftelecommunications and such systems willneed tobeinplace and
operative by1January 1993 .Thus there isanurgent requirement for :
*atelecommunications network toensure rapid exchanges ofinformation
between national administrations forV.A.T. purposes .
*acontrol system for the transfer ofgoods subject toexcise between
warehouses .
*anintelligent system similar toorpartof ,theSCENT system forgoods
subject toindirect taxes toaidthesuppression aiddetection offraud .
(ii)intheveterina ryandplant health field :
*SHIFT (System forAnimal Health Inspection atFrontier Pasts )isaimed
atsetting upanintensive system forexchange ofinformation between
theCommission ,national veterinary administrations andInspection units
atfrontier posts ,inorder tospeed upImports ofmeat and meat
products
*AKDD (Animal Moves Management System )isasystem forrecording and
monitoring all movements oflivestock inthe Community ,inorder to
safeguard animal andpublic health .This isavery important management
tool for veterinary departments and itrequires ahigh degree of
integration ofalltheadministrations concerned ,inasingle system

-22-
*FYSAN (system forplant health monitoring )isdesigned tomonitor plant
diseases intheMember States ,inorder tocontrol them andimprove
Europe 'splant health situation
(iii)free movement ofpersons
HieEuropean Council hasrequested thesetting upofofaConvention onthe
exercise ofcontrols atexternal frontiers ofthe Community .The
implementation ofthis Convention yj.ll presuppose asignificant exchange of
information between the national administrations concerned .Uptothe
present ,this requirement hasappeared intheframework oftheSchengen
Agreement andthere isbeing setinplace ,forthis purpose ,aspecific
system forinformation exchange ,(SIS)aprototype foraEuropean scale
system .Even though the Community competence may not beformally
recognised ,theCommission ,taking into account theexpertise which ithas
acquired intheexecution ofitsdifferent programmes isready tomake its
contribution tothesetting upofthese networks .
(iv)Inthestatistical field :
*Setting inplace ofinfrastructures forthecollection ofstastistical
data (projects STATEL and Stadium )with the National Statistics
Offices ;
*Studies onprocedures tobesetinplace intheMember States forthe
development and transmission ofdata onintra-community commerce (ex
project OQMEDI );
*Development ofstructures for the management ,the diffusion and the
coherence ofreference information used instatistical systems (ex .
statistical nomenclatures ).
'three existing prograrsnes are being redefined toallow for the most
immrdiate requirements flowing from the removal offrontiers .They have
provide asolid experience of collaboration between administrations
concerned and have enabled themost immediate needs and problems tobe
identified .These are :
-XNSIS (atthelevel ofcommunity instiutions andandMember States )
which requires the re-inf orcement ofactive participation ofthe
administrations oftheMember States ;
-CAEDIA which isdirectly linked tothemanagement ofthefrontier free
area inthefielfs ofcustoms ,agriculture andstatistics ;
-TEDIS whose second phase has just been adopted ,offers economic
operators ways ofdeveloping pan-European inter-sectoral EDIsystems
directly concerning administrations ,transport andfinancial services .
Thesuccess ofTEDIS with businesses isfurther evidence ofthewayin
which administrations concerned inthis area tend tolagbehind .
(b)Improvement ofroad traffic manage ment_systems _uirier–the_DRIVE
progrsjîSûSi
The IRIS concept (Integrated Road Safety ,Information and Navigation
System ),developed bytheDRIVE Infrastructure group inorder toresolve
theproblems ofroad traffic ,hasalready served asthebasis fortwo
concrete initiatives :

-25-
O' TherOLP ?nrcjoct ,Xsrx-d.c ,..InI'f ':o:19f' >,*5. •;•of5:'.-p.
towns srd .designed tod/vci.p mix .TTSS r Evj - ,r.j.yst\.wv .
ocd.er toreduce oongestl o,.icud 'becb'ger ofbelter ;,.,) :i> :.;'.it ,
studies xuderway .pilot projects i,-?.}31 .ud i.pJ.ern .■.
1994 .Financial feasibility mto i.f’died fi +.-0 Lfuji 11
socio-ecoiiamic and .ermnonmerL' :aib-niefits .
(ii)The GQPPIEGR project ,la.-rii.ned in .Septem-ar If'Sc and aimed a':,-
systems for managing intercity traffic (byway oftxint' ii
congested areas ).Pilot projects planned for1302 ,forimplei ■■■cr.';ation
from 1994 .Financial feas:i hility tobestudied intirelight of .n,cio
economic and environmental benefits .
(c)Trans-Eurqpean payment systems
Onthebasis oftheorientations oftheCommission feasibility studies to
stimulate the setting-up ,by the economic operators concerned ,of
trans-European networks in the field of payment systems ,and
interconnecting existing clearing centres (1991 ).
(d)European electronic telephone directory
Feasibility study (1991 )onlegal andtechnical aspects .
(e)Support forthedevelopment oftheinformation market
Pilot projects (1990 )for interconnecting information systems onroad
freight andintegrating data bases concerning standards (IMPACT !programme ).
6.1.2 .2.Development ofnewservioes
-Development ofanIntegrated Servioes Digital Network (ISDN )onthe
basis of the recommendation of the Council on the coordinated
introduction ofISDN intheEuropean Community .18countries oftheCEPT
including all ofthe Member States have now signed aMemorandum of
Understanding aiming toset inplace the first phase oftheCouncil 's
recommendation between now and 1993 onthe basis ofEuropean
telecommunications standards developed bytheETSI .
-Definition ofpilot projects onthebasis oftheresults oftheForum of
European users oftheISDN .
-Development of mobile telecoranunioatians on the basis of the
recommendations ofthe Council and the directives providing for the
reservation offrequencies for cellular telephones (GSM),thedigital
cordless telephone (DECT )andradio-paging services (ERMES ).
-Setting inplace ofnew telecommunication servioes bysatellite in
conformity with theproposals contained intheGreen Paper onsatellite
communications .

-24-
6.1.2.3 .Research anddevelopment
(i)Telematics systems ofgeneral interest
Theframework programme forresearch ,anddevelopment (1990-1994 )offers ,Inthecontext ofthespecific programme being discussed attheCouncil
ontelematic systems ofgeneral interest ,thepossibility ofdefining
new requirements and technical problems ,with solutions tothese
problems being sought andpilot projects implemented inthefields of
administrative cooperation (European Nervous Systems ),transport ,
training andmedicine .
(ii)Management oftransport
-Framework programme forresearch ,anddevelopment :ATLAS study andDRIVE
programme ;
-outside theCommunity framework (Eureka ),development ofthePROMETHEOS
project .
(1H)Development ofbroadband links
-Carrying outtheRACE programme todefine reference scenarios ,provide
prestandardization andassess pilot applications (timescale 1995 ).
-Setting inplace oftheMETRAN network (Managed European Transmission
Network )intheframe oftheMemorandum ofUnderstanding oftheCEPT in
thecourse ofadoption inthefollow-up totheCommisions Communication
onElectronic Highways .(COM (63)341 ).
Itisfor the economic operators concerned todefine the projects and
determine their economic viability .TheCommission considers that anumber
ofprojects nowbeing studied orunder wayareofgreat Community interest ,
either because their purpose istoextend anexisting network tonew
Member States orbecause they help toreinforce security ofsupply and
optimum operation ofproduction capacities .Atthis stage twopriority
areas ofapplication have been identified .
6.1.3.1 .Electricity interconnections
-Ireland-United Kingdom (1995 )
-Greece-Italy (1993 )
-Reinforcing interconnections (1991-1995 )between :
*France andSpain-Portugal
*France andGermany -Belgium -Italy -Switzerland
*Italy andAustria-Switzerland
*Germany andNetherlands -Denmark -Austria
-Reinforcing internal interconnections inGermany ,France ,Belgium and
theNetherlands (1991-1995 ).

-25-
6.1.3.2 .Gas intercannectians
-Introduction ofnatural gasInGreece (1993 )andPortugal (1994 )
-Interconnections Ireland-United Kingdom (1993 ),France-Spain -Portugal
-Midal projects between Emden andLudwigshafen (Germany )and "Zeepipe "
(Belgium ),whose purpose istoopen upnewways ofbringing inNorwegian
gas (1991-1993 )
-Three projects inGermany tolink upthenewLander (1991-1993 )
-Interconnections Belgium /Germany ,Germany /Denmark ,Lenmark /Norway
("Scanpipe ")andUnited Kingdom /Continent
-Reinforcement oftheTransited gaspipeline (Italy-Tunisia ,1992 )
-Interconnection Sardinia -Corsica andmainland Italy .
-Interconnection Spain-Morocco (1995 ).
Most ofthe projects below involve theuse oftelematl.cs services .All
the technological research and development actions provided for inthe
third framework programme for research and development (1990-1994 )
envisaging measures ofaecompaniament such astraining actions ofwhich
certain will becarried outonnetworks .This applies particularly tothe
specific programme onHuman Capital andMobility .
6.1.4.1 .Information exchange anddata bases
The projects proposed are all for the Improvement ofexchanges of
information atCommunity level ,inorder toensure that training systems
are transparent ,that experience ismade proper use ofand methods
improved .Thelinks with telematics services areobvious .
-Expansion ofthe Eurydice network and its capacity toprocess
information and transfer itbetween States .
-Setting upasimilar network forvocational training systems ,inliaison
with CEDEPOP .
-Expansion ofthe EURYCLEE electronic network connecting initial and
continuing training centres forexchange ofinformation anddata between
teachers andpupils inallCommunity languages .
-Setting upnational data base networks ontraining courses and
high-level training orextending them toadvanced technologies and
research programmes .
-Organi2ation ofadirectly accessible data base forpublic andprivate
organizations onequivalence ofvocational qualifications .
-Setting upatelematic network forexchanges andscholarships under the
ERASMUS andOQMETT programmes and onscholarships forresearchers (a
kind of "bursary bourse ").
-Setting upadata base ofrequests forbusiness partnerships under the
various transnational training projects under theOd-EIT ,EUROTBCNET and
FORCE programmes .

-26-
6.1.4 .2.Distance training
-Organizing anetwork ofthedynamic centres ofdistance training which
have emerged inthevarious Community training programmes .
-Carrying out joint andnetworked pilot projects ,making full use of
information andcommunication technologies .
-Expanding thetransnational distance teaching andtraining systems which
have been tried outinaparticular sector ofactivity oraparticular
geographical area .
-Stimulating thedevelopment oftelevision programmes oneducation arri
training .
6.2 .Measures toaccelerate theemergence oftrans-European networks
6.2.1 .Drawing upcomprehensive schemes
This isaworking approach applying totransport ,telecommunications and
energy .
Itconsists inbringing together theoperators concerned inanetwork and
working out the scheme ofanetwork which isthe most apropriate ona
Community scale forallparties concerned ,trying toidentify difficulties
likely toarise insetting upthenetwork ,both technically andasregards
regulation andadministration .
This maybeaccompanied bydetailed studies oftheproblems identified ,and
inparticular feasibility studies onthe joint initiative ofthe States
concerned and the Commission .Community financing ofsuch studies is
particularly justified insuch cases .
Regulatory measures already proposed orabout tobeproposed are still
necessary toensure the development oftranseuropean networks in
satisfactory conditions .
Allthese measures are destined totocreate alegal framework favour able
atthesame time totheprovision ofservices ,thecreation ofbusinesses
andthefree circulation ofgoods ,conditions essential tothesetting in
place andoperation oftranseuropean networks .
The list ofthese measures issetoutinannex 1tothis Communication .
6.2.3 .Eeinforoement ofstandardizatlon ranaoes
Ifinfrastructures areeventually toheIntegrated ,then therequirements
forEuropean standardization areconsiderable .Thetask isalready well in
hand but should bereinforoed byefforts onthe part ofall those
concerned ..Thefollowing consequences should benoted :theburden ofwork
which should result from this foralltheEuropean standardisation bodies
reinforces again thenecessity toder.eiatral.ise towards theassociated
standardisation bodies favouring pre-standardisation (of .theexample of

-27-
theEdifact Board forEDI ,ortheAEGMA fortheaeronautic industry )with
thefall participation oftheindustrialists concerned ;ontheother hard
the current budgetary constraints donot allow toconsider possible
supplementary finance .In all the fields involved ,statistical
standardization should also bestrengthened (concepts ,methods end
definitions ).
6.2.3.1 .Transport
-Airtransport
*Establishment oftechnical specifications for air traffic control
equipment andforaccess topublic procurement .
-Rail transport
*Standardization onthe basis ofthe "new approach "Directive for
equipment andinfrastructures ofthehigh-speed network .
-Combined transport
*Standardization ofcontainers .
*Measures tobetaken following the discussions inthe high-level
group (June 1991 ).
-Maritime transport
*Standardisation tofollow from the technical harmonisation directive
tobeproposed
6.2.3.2.Telecomnunioatians and services .
The speedy development oftechnologies inthis area requires rapid
expansion of standardization and ongoing adaptation ofprogrammes
undertaken byEuropean standardization bodies ,andinparticular ETSI .The
following mayserve asexamples ofstandardization requirements :
-electronic mail :definition ofthelast technical sp>ecif ications ;
-Definition ofacritical mass ofEDImessages inconformity with the
EDIFACT international standard .
-vidéotex :
♦definition ofprotocols foraccess toISDN videotex
*definition ofsecond generation videotex standards ;
-ISEN :
*completion ofstandardization already under way
*standards necessary toensure migration ofapplications ;

-28-
-Satellites :toaccelerate thework onstandards byBTSI concerning
satellite telecommunications equipment .
-mobile radio :stimulation ofthedrafting ofappropriate standards for
newmobile systems .
6.2.3.3.CustcsBS and .indirect taxation
Member States administrations areatvarious stages ofcustoms andindirect
tax systems development .This isafactor which makes itdifficult to
ensure theuniformity oftreatment necessary for the achievement ofthe
Single Market ,andthemeasures necessary toensure theuniform application
byMember States ofCommunity rules will begiven high priority over the
coming months .Atthevery least compab.1 1ityofsystems must beensured
which implies that :
-anurgent study into theextent ofthis problem must becarried outaid
give recommendations foritsresolution .
-standardised electronic messages forexchange ofdata must bedeveloped
using theEDIFACT standard .
-standardised codes must bedeveloped forusebyalltheMember States .
-intheperspective ofthedevelopment ofexchanges with theEFTA andthe
states ofcentral and eastern Europe ,participation inthe PHASE
programme aidinthenegotiations intrain isnecessary toassure the
required compatibility .
6.2.3.4.Asregards Energy sectors
-Standards onequipment aidproduct quali ty .
6.2.4
Hie advantages ofadeclaration ofEuropean interest emerged during
contacts between theCommission andeconomic interest groups ,particularly
barks .
Itcould begranted according toaCommunity procedure tobedefined ,in
well-defined limited cases ,toatrans-European network orproject forming
part ofatrans-European network ,with aview toattracting potential
investors .
Theconditions would bestrict sothat only well-defined andeconomically
viable projects ,which contribute totheCommunity 'sdevelopment andwhich
have been given theall-clear byindependent feasibility andenvironmental
impact studies ,aretargeted .
The potential consequences ofsuch adeclaration would bethreefold :
(ijthepolitical uncertainty affecting anymajor infrastructure project ,
through thecommitment itwould require ,would bereduced ;(il)access to
financing would befacilitated ,without involving anyautomatic financial
contribution from theCommunity ;(iii)investors would have some guarantee
that thenecessary administration coordination andcooperation would be
supported atthehighest level .

The procedure for granting the declaration .and the vays inwh.-mx
consultation world becarried out ,will have tobespecified .
Such adeclaration could apply toany type oftrans-European network cr
project .
This approach has just achieved aconcrete form ,inthe "declaration of
European usefulness intheprogramme ofaction inthedomain oftransport ,
infrastructures (1990 -1992 )adopted bytheCouncil on20November 1990 .
6.2.5 .
with all
Atthe hearing on8October 1990 ,the main representatives ofEuropean
industry deplored theabsence ofanintegrated discussion ofEuropean
infrastructure needs and trends .
This reflection should betaken onacontinental inorder totake into
consideration the necessities for interconnections with the ErTA countries
and thecentral and eastern European states ,with whom numerous projects
areinthecourse ofdevelopment involving Community cooperation aswell as
their extension towards the mediterranean countries .
This reflection should allow :
-ananalysis ofthe long-term trend innetwork requirements :this
presupposes the availability ofsatisfactory statistics and sound
forward-looking analyses ;
-identification ofthenature andoptimum configuration ofthenetworks
tobecreated ;
-involvement byallparties concerned inthepractical establishment of
these networks .
The organization tocarry out this study should beindependent ofthe
political authorities and should beself-financing after arunning-in
period .Itshould beaforum fordiscussion inwhich allinterested and
representative parties (public authorities , -users ,manufacturers ,
consumers )could participate .Itisparticularly important toinvolve from
theoutset thereflections oftheprincipal actors whowill bedirectly
linked totheuse oftranseuropean networks (e.g. forindustries with a
maritime interest ,this means ship building ,equipment manuf acture ,
maritime carriers ,port authorities ,andthose involved inother modes of
transport andtheir loaders .).
6.3 .Potential financial assistance
Implementation ardapplication ofthehorizontal measures referred toin
the previous section should encourage the emergence oftrans-European
networks ,themobilization ofprivate funds andtheadjustment offinancial
flows .

-30-
Asforpublic finance ,andinparticular from theCoirtrounity ,thefollowing
solutions should beconsidered aspossible ways ofh^ipingresolve the
three difficulties identified above :financing offeasibility studies ;
inadequate profitability with theposs.ib1.Hty ofamining i-inTr inthe
financing chain ;financing oftrans-European projects inperipheral
regions with aview toreducing the isolation ofthose regions aid
promoting cohesion .
6.3.1 . £3
TheCommunity could ,inthe frame ofavailable budgetary resources ani
respecting thefinancial projections ,accord totranseuropean networks a
financial priority for :
-feasibility studies tobeconducted with regard toprojects ofEuropean
interest associated with trans-European networks ;
-loans forprojects with only very long-term profitability ;
-budgetary contributions toprojects inthemost appropriate form(direct
support ,interest rate subsidies etc .)
Furthermore ,it isopportune torecall that the structural Funis
contribute substantially tothe realisation ofthis objective inthe
framework and the limits oftheir own missions .
The setting out ofnew financial projections for theperiod after 1992
could provide theoccasion forthereinforcement ofthepriority character
ofthecompletion oftranseuropean networks .
6.3.3 .Loan b tsOfthe EH3 and ECSC
*The EIB isready tocontinue and extend aswidely aspossible its
contribution tothe financing oftrans-European networks ,within the
framework ofthe tasks conferred upon itbyArticle 130 ofthe
EECTreaty .This means that itiswilling toparticipate ,asinthe
past ,inthe financing proper ofsuch projects ,byhelping mobilize
financial interests .Italso means that itcould facilitate their
emergence anddevelopment bymeans ofappropriate initiatives ,profiting
from theEIB'sexperience ,attheoutset ofpreparatory studies orby
helping tosetupoptimum financing arrangements .This could bedone in
close collaboration with the bodies concerned ,inparticular the
Commission .
*ECSC loans could also beresorted tofinance trans-European networks ,
subject tothelimitations onthem .
CONCLUSIONS
Theprogramme presented bytheCommission requires apermanent follow-up by
the Commission and the Council .Italso requires precise policy
orientations from the latter and asafirst step the adoption ofa
programme ofaction .Inview ofthis theCommission proposes that the
Council adopt thedraft resolution attached ,andinapplication ofthis
resolution request theCommission tosubmit thenecessary proposals andto
report toitregularly ontheevolution ofthework .

-31-
1.General maasures
Some measures apply tomore than onefield :
-implementation ofDirectives onthe award ofpublic procurement
contracts ,especially intelecommunications ,transport az.-denergy ;
-presentation andadoption oftheDirective ondata protection ;
-proposals onthecontractual andlegal validity ofelectronic messages ;
-adoption oftheEuropean Company Statute ,
-proposal fora,Council Directive concerning arraige^ents fortheteeing
into account by enterprises of the losses of the permanent
establishments and subsidiaries situated inMember States .
2.Transport
(i)Themajority ofregulations inthis domain aimattheestablishment of
the cabotage regime which should beIntroduced ,for all mod.es (road
transport offreight and passengers ,combined ,transport ,inland waterway
andmaritime transport ).Themeasures have been tabled attheCouncil ari
should beadopted assoon aspossible ;
(ii)Measures of atechnical ,nature are envisaged to ensure
interoperability ,particularly for :
-transport byrail
*A"newapproach ."directive Istobeproposed bytheCoMission
concerning essential requirements (e.g. safety ,enviroim-ert )
inorder toensure thecoinpabjJ ityoftechnologies ardinfra ¬
structures with trains operating onthehigh speed links .
-maritime transport
*Proposal foratechnical harmonisation directive forequipment
forships .(cf.Cai(89)2S6 ).(i;L)
(iii)Tineproper Isccucerning thesetting upofacamravnity concerts ,lion
intheareas ofirefrastructures forairtransport and oaritime transport
should beadopted .
3.Telecxsaffiuxâcatians
-Drafting and adoption ofDirectives inapplication oftheDirective
CMPof28June 19S0 particularly inthefollowing domains :
.leased lines
transmission ofdata bycircuit orpacket switching integrated
services digital network
.voice telephony services
.telex services
.mohile services where necessary
subject tofurther study ,newtypes ofaccess tothese networks and
access tobroad band networks .
(11)0QM(89 )266
(12)0QM(88 )577of16Jan .1989 .

-32-
Harmonisation ofpnocedures fordeclaration andauthorisation toprovide
services onthe public ivcleccmroiunic ?tlo ;1networks ,with aview tc
c-stcibl.i .thing theconditions inwhich mui -.1recognition ofdeclarations
aT'dauthorisations will beassured .
nitial dra-frlng ofodes onmotile radio conuruiiioatiors .
Drafting cudadoption oxthemeasures referred tointiieGreen Paper of
liHcvairber 1990 onsatel lite telecommunications ,particularly inthe
following domains :
themutual recognition oftype approvals forsatellite communication
terminals
themutual recognition ofauthorisation fornetworks ofuni-andbi¬
directional satellites
.harmonisation oftheconditions relating totheprovision ofanopen -
network forconnection ofsatellite terminal networks
.harmonisation of future techniques already identified for
transmission anddiffusion bysatellite tothegeneral public .
Energy
Genuine implémentation ofDirectives ontransit .
Completing consideration onthird party access tonetworks .
Studies and proposals onadministrative and legal obstacles tothe
establishment ofinterconnections .
Concertation procedures onoptimal management ofnetworks .

ANNEX 2
COMMUNITY ASSISTANCE IN FAVOUR OF MAIN BASIC INFRASTRUCTURES
COMMUNITY SUPPORT FRAMEWORKS (CSF )IN
OBJECTIVE No .1REGIONS (1989-93 )
(INMILLIONS ECU )
TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTUR ES TELECOM +·
STAR
INFRASTRUCT­
URESENERGY
INFRASTRUCT­
URESROADS
MOTORWAYSRAIL PORTS AIRPORTS OTHER
GR 271 160- - 181 345 513
C 2051 636 102 104 18 309 117
F 3.7- 5.7 6.6- 5.2 3.1
!RL 512 4 35 63 18 25 13
I 300 66 44 - 15 311 879
P 460 123- 19 121 172
UK 14 27 67 29- 12 5
'TOTAL 3611.7 1016 253.7 221 .6 232 1128.2 1702.1
l

ANNEX 3 ЗА
Financing bythe EIB (individual loans and credits on
global loans )within the Community ,infavour of
networks with aEuropean interest .(1)
(Amounts inmillions ECU )
1959-1984 1985-1989 1989
A.Networks ofCommunity .4817.3 8463.7 2836.7
Interest
TransDort 1334.1 3663.4 1384.7
*Rail 103.9 1090.3 605.9
*Road 1148.4 1503.2 434.5
*Port infrastructures 29.0 235.6 129.2
*Airport infrastructures 52.8 715.7 163.2
*Intermodal centres 83.1 16.4
*Urban transport 35.5 35.5
Telecommunications 269.8 1568.4 817.0
Transoort and energy 3213.4 3231.9 635.0
distribution
B.Total Networks 11966.8 15031.8 4412.9
Transoort 3927.7 7060.8 2206.5
*Rail 599.8 1475.9 606.8
*Road 2789.5 4002.2 1015.4
*Port infrastructures 320.0 370.7 135.6
*Airport infrastructures 106.2 738.3 169.2
*Intermodal centres 83.2 16.4
*Urban transport 107.3 326.5 228.2
*Other 4.9 64 .0 34.9
Telecommunications 4245.5 4092 .3 1258 .2
Transoort and energy 3793.6 3878.7 948.2
distribution
C.Total activity within
the Community 32432.8 40024.4 11265.9
%A/B 40.3 56.3 64.3
%A/C 14.9 21.1 25.2
%B/C 36.9 37.6 39.2
(1)Notincluding 578million fornetworks located in
Yougoslavia :
-transport ofelectricity :92million
-railway lines :124.3 million
–motorway :361.7 million

-35-
DRAFT COUNCIL RESOLUTION ON TRANSEUROPEAN NETWORKS
THE COUNCIL OFTHE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
Having regard totheTreaty establishing theEuropean Economic Community
Whereas the European Council (Strasbourg inDecember 1989 and Dublin in1990 )
requested that guidelines ontrans-European networks should beadopted bytheend
of1990 and that initsResolution of22January 1990 *the Council asked the
Commission tosubmit awork programme and proposals forappropriate measures by
thesame deadline ;
Whereas the establishment ofanarea without frontiers and the free movement of
persons ,goods and services necessitate trans-European networks for transport ,
telecommunications ,energy and vocational training inorder that full advantage can
betaken ofthebeneficial effects oftheSingle Market ;
Whereas thecompletion oftrans-European networks linking peripheral regions tothe
centre oftheCommunity will contribute totheeconomic and social cohesion within
theCommunity ;
Whereas trans-European networks should also beset up with aview tothe
harmonious development ofrelations between the Community and the EFTA
countries and those ofCentral and Eastern Europe ,and taking into account their
extension tothemediterranean countries ;
Whereas the study carried out bythe Commission in1990 with the aid ofthe
Member States and economic operators has shown the deficiencies inexisting
networks and thenecessity forwider consultation onthecreation ofnetworks inthe
future ;
Whereas thereasons forthese deficiencies have been identified and that they should
beeliminated by taking the appropriate measures such asproposed by the
Commission intheform ofaCommunity action programme ;
Whereas itisproper fortheCouncil toadopt this programme ;
Whereas itisfortheCommission topresent thecomplementary proposals necessary
fortheimplementation ofthis programme ;
Whereas theCommunity action programme thus adopted should bethesubject ofan
annual report bytheCommission with regard toitsimplementation ;
HEREBY ADOPTS THIS RESOLUTION
1.The Council affirms that ,inview ofthe assessment undertaken by the
Commission initsreport ,thecompletion ofanarea without internal frontiers ,as
required byArticle 8A ofthe EC Treaty ,should be accompanied bythe
establishment ofgenuine trans-European networks ,that is,interconnected and
interoperable networks inthe fields oftransport ,telecommunications ,energy and
vocational training ,forthebenefit ofcitizens ,enterprises andadministrations .
*OJC27/86.2.1990

-36-
2.The Council considers that the present deficiencies justify the immediate
implementation ofapriority action programme .Cosequently ,itadopts the
programme proposed bytheCommission which centres onthree complementary and
indissociable elements :priority projects chosen inrelation totheir contribution tothe
functioning oftheinternal market and tothereinforcement ofeconomic and social
cohesion ,general measures intended tofacilitate thedevelopment ,thecompletion
and theoptimum exploitation oftrans-European networks ,and financial measures .
3.With regard topriority projects and without prejudice tothework inprogress or
which has been decided ,the Council invites the Commission tosubmit
complementary proposals for the implementation ofthese projects and insists in
particular ,inview ofthe completion ofthe Internal Market ,onthe following
principles .
3.1.Inthetransport field ,theCouncil considers that theproper functioning
ofthemarket fortransport requires amulti-modes approach covering allthe
modes oftransport allowing the optimal useofinfrastructures and atthe
same time contributing tothe reinforcement ofthe protection ofthe
environment .Itinvites the Commission topursue itswork inthedifferent
sectors identified initsCommunication ;
3.2.Inthefield oftelecommunications and telematic services ,itinvites the
Commission before mid-1991 ,totake initiatives allowing thesetting inplace
oftelematic service networks needed for the operation ofthe Internal
Market ,inparticular through theinterconnection oftheinformation systems
of the public administrations concerned ;furthermore itinvites the
Commission toensure ,within ashort period ,the implementation ofthe
specific programme ofresearch ontelematic systems ofgeneral interest ,after
itsadoption ,inorder toimprove theefficiency ofthenetworks oftelematic
services .
3.3Intheenergy field ,inview ofcompleting theinternal market ,with the
prospect ofaEuropean Charter for Energy ,itinvites the Commission to
examine with interested parties how the interconnections can bebetter
developed and exploited onacontinental level toensure theoptimal useof
capacities ofproduction and toreinforce theCommunity’s security ofsupply ;
3.4.Inthefield ofvocational training ,itinvites theCommission topromote
with theMember States and interested parties theinterconnection ofthe
different existing networks between allthe bodies involved invocational
training inorder toproduce alltheir multiplier effects throughout the
Community andother European countries .
4.With regard tothemeasures ofageneral nature ,and whilst respecting the
principle ofsubsidiarity ,theCouncil wishes such measures tocontribute tothe
creation ofafavourable environment for the establishment oftrans-European
netwoiks byallinterested operators .
4.1.The Council considers that thenecessary regulatory measures ,listed by
the Commission intheannex toitsCommunication ,toensure the inter­
operability ofnetworks andtheprovision oftrans -European services must be
adopted andimplemented without delay orbeproposed bytheCommission as
soon aspossible .

-37-
4.2.The Council invites the Commission ,inclose cooperation with all
interested parties ,toproceed to:
establish onaregular basis ,inthe most appropriate form ,comprehensive
schemes for trans-European networks in the fields of transport ,
télécommunications and energy ;
establish anannual programme ofEuropean standardisation necessary for
ensuring the inter-operability of networks and having the effect of
preventing theproduction ofnew diverging national standards ;
collect data necessary toevaluate the needs ofnetworks and the technical
and financial difficulties affecting their development with aview to
supporting theabove-mentioned work .
establish feasibility studies allowing theidentification ofprojects ofEuropean
interest ;
4.3.The Council gives afavourable welcome totheprinciple ofadeclaration
ofEuropean interest and invites theCommission tomake proposals toitfor
the establishment ofaCommunity procedure which would permit such a
declaration tobeaccorded tospecific projects .
5.With regard tofinancial measures ,theCouncil considers that theprojects must be
profitable and recalls that itintends tofavour private financing bycreating the
most favourable conditions forthedevelopment ,thecompletion and theexploitation
ofthetrans-European networks .Itconsiders ,however ,that public intervention is
vital inacertain number ofcases identified bytheCommission .These Community
interventions areofanadditional nature .This does notprevent theCommission from
granting ,intheframework ofavailable budgets and respecting financial perspectives ,
afinancing priority totrans -European networks .This priority nature could be
reinforced when establishing new financial perspectives fortheperiod after 1992 .
6.Itinvites theCommission to:
6.1 table toitappropriate proposals in1991 for the achievement ofthe
afore-mentioned requests
6.2submit toitanannual report ontheimplementation oftrans-European
networks .

-38- _"7V_
GLOSSARY
AECMA -European Association of Manufacturers of
Aeronautical Equipment .
AIM Advanced Informatics inMedicine inEurope
ANIMO - Animal Moves Management System
ASB Associated Standardisation Bodies
ATLAS -Air Traffic Control /Air Land System
CADDIA -Cooperation on 'Automation of Data and
Documentation of Imports /Exports ..and
Agriculture
CEDEFOP -European Centre :for the Development of
Vocational Training
CEPT - European Conference of Post and
Telecommunications Administrations .
CLCA - Liaison Committee of Motor Vehicle
Manufacturers
COMETT -Action Programme ofthe Community inEducation
and Training forTechnology
CORRIDOR Cooperation on Regional Road Informatics by
Demonstration onReal Sites
CSCE - Conference on Security and Cooperation in
Europe
DECT - Digital Cordless Telephone Project
DELTA - Developing European Learning through
Technological Advance
DRIVE - Dedicated Road Infrastructure for Vehicle
safety inEurope
ECAC -European Civil Aviation Conference
ECSC - European Coal and Steel Community
EDI - Electronic Data Interchange
EDIFACT -Electronic Data Interchange For Administration ,
Commerce and Transport
EFTA - European Free Trade Assocation ,Geneva
EIB - European Investment Bank
ENS - European Nervous Systems ENS

-39-
ERASMUS -European Community Action Scheme for Mobility
ofUniversity Students
ERDF - European Regional Development Fund
ERMES - European Radio Messaging System
ERT - European Round Table (Industrial concerns )
ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute
EUREKA -European Research Coordination Agency
EURET - Specific research and technological development
programme inthe field oftransport (1990-93 )
EUROCONTROL European Air Traffic Control Organisation
EUROTECNET European Technical Network
EURYCLEE ■ Network ofnational information centres on
new information technologies and education
in the Member States of the European
Community
EURYDICE Education Information Network in the
European Community
FIEC - European Construction Industries Federation
FORCE - Continuing Vocational Training
FYSAN -System forPlant Health Monitoring
GSM - Cellular Telephones Project
IMPACT -Information Market Policy Actions
INSIS - Inter institutional Integrated Services
Information System
INTERREG Community Initiatives Concerning Border Areas
IRIS - Integrated Road Safety ,Information and
Navigation System
ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network
LINGUA -Promotion ofthe Teaching and Learning of
Foreign Languages intheEC
METRAN -
ONP -Managed European Transmission Networks
Open Network Provision
PCRD - Framework Programme onResearch andDevelopment

-40-
PETRA -Action programme for the training and
preparation of young people for adult and
working life .
PHARE -Poland andHungary Aid toEconomic Recovery
PHARE - Eurocontrol project on linking ground based
control and onboard flight management systems .
POLIS -Promoting Operational Links with Integrated
Services (through road transport informatics
between European cities )
PRISMA -Community initiative concerning the improvement
intendering for services bybusinesses in
Objective 1regions (ERDF )
PROMETHEUS Programme for aEuropean Traffic System
with Highest Efficiency and Unprecedented
Safety
RACE - Research and development programme onAdvanced
Communications technologies for Europe .
REGEN - Community initiative aimed atimprovement of
energy infrastructures in the peripheral
regions
SCENT - System Customs Enforcement Network
SCIENCE -Plan tostimulate the international cooperation
and interchange needed by European research
scientists .
SHIFT -System forAnimal Health Inspection atFrontier
Posts
SIS - Specific Infomation Exchange System (Schengen
Agreement )
STAR - Special Telecommunications Actions for Regional
Development
TARIC - Customs Integrated Tariff
TEDIS - Trade Electronic Data Information Systems
TELEMATIQUE Community initiative concerning the
UNICE -development and improvement ofservices
provided ontelecommunications networks in
ERDF Objective 1regions .
Union of Industrial and Employers
Confederations ofEurope
VSAT -Very Small Aperture Terminals