EN    EN EN 
EN    EN  COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
Brussels, 9.7.2008 
SEC(2008) 2236 
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT 
 
Annex to the 
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION 
 
Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid – ECHO 
Annual Report 2007 
 
{COM(2008) 449} 
EN 2   EN TABLE OF CONTENTS 
PART  I COUNTRY -BY-COUNTRY OVERVIEW ........................................................................... 3 
1. ACP Countries ............................................................................................................. 4 
2. Eastern Europe, Russian Federation, Sout hern Caucasus, Central Asia, including 
Mongolia .................................................................................................................... 39 
3. Mediterranean and Middle East ................................................................................. 44 4. Asia ........................................................................................................................ .... 50 
5. Latin America ............................................................................................................ 66 6. Disaster preparedness activ ities (including dipecho)................................................. 71 
PART
 II. POLICY ISSUES ......................................................................................................... 77 
PART  III. RELATIONS WITH OTHER EU INSTITUTIONS , MEMBER STATES , 
 MAJOR HUMANITARIAN PARTNERS AND NON -EU  DONORS ...................................... 79 
1. EU Institutions and Member States ........................................................................... 79 2. Relations with international orga nisations and non-EU major donors ...................... 80 
PART
 IV. OTHER ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................ 81 
1. Experts in the field ..................................................................................................... 81 2. Security issues............................................................................................................ 8 1 
3. Thematic funding and Grant Facility ......................................................................... 82 4. Finance and Audit ...................................................................................................... 83 5. Communication and information ............................................................................... 83 6. Training initiative....................................................................................................... 84  
PART
 V. EVALUATIONS AND OUTSIDE ASSESSMENTS ............................................................ 85 
PART  VI. FINANCIAL TABLES ................................................................................................ 87 
1. DG ECHO budget and decisions for Humanitarian aid 1993 - 2007......................... 87 
2. Evolution of Humanitarian Aid' s budget over the last 10 years ................................ 88 
3. DG ECHO's finalised contracts 1998-2007* ............................................................. 89 
4. Geographical breakdown of funding d ecisions 2002-2007 – Global overview......... 90 
5. Funding decisions for humanitarian aid in 2007........................................................ 98 6. Partners in DG ECHO's hu manitarian assistance .................................................... 100 
PART
 VII.  LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................ 130 
EN 3   EN PART I C OUNTRY -BY-COUNTRY OVERVIEW  
This synopsis of EC funded hu manitarian operations is pres ented on a geographical basis, 
organised around the six regions of the worl d where DG ECHO funds humanitarian actions. 
Each of these geographical sections has the sa me structure to permit parallel reading:  
(1) Each of the sections starts with an overview of the funding per country (region) and/or 
per humanitarian crisis in which DG ECHO intervened. For all types of interventions, humanitarian aid is implemented thr ough Commission funding decisions and grant 
agreements with partners, who implement th e specific humanitarian operations in the 
field. The overview tables provide the amount of funding decisions taken for that year 
and of the grant agreements that have b een concluded in the year concerned. Since 
grant agreements are concluded using funds from funding decisions of the current and 
of the previous year, the amount of f unding decisions in 2007 and of the grant 
agreements concluded are two distinct issues. 
(2) For each of the countries (regi ons) a description is given of the humanitarian needs 
that were identified, the ma in objectives and achievements  and, where applicable, the 
transition between emergency and development "LRRD
1". 
This country-by-country overview includes all countries/crises for which funding decisions 
were adopted in 2007 and also those for which funding was made available in previous years 
but the implementation was still on-going in 2007. 
In sections I.6 and IV.3 further information is  provided on two types of horizontal funding: in 
I.7, disaster preparedness activities undertaken in 2007 in order to  reduce both vulnerability 
and exposure of people to risks and disasters as well as to re duce the economic costs of such 
disasters and in IV.3, capacity build ing actions financed in 2007 through thematic funding 
and the grant facility , with a view to improve the institutional capacities of partner 
humanitarian organisations in some specific area s , so that these organi sations are better able 
to respond quickly and efficiently to emergencies  
The figures in this chapter are given to provide general overview and/or to illustrate the content of the chapter. The reader will find exhaustive financial information in Chapter VI. 
                                                      
1 Linking relief, rehabilitation and development 
EN 4   EN 1. ACP  COUNTRIES  
In 2007, humanitarian and food ai d interventions were funded in  33 countries in Africa, the 
Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP) 2, through the adoption of 40 funding decisions and 299 
grant agreements for a total amount of more than € 422,760,0003 which represented 55% of 
the total budget committed by DG ECHO. 
1.1. A FRICA  
The first ten countries in terms of humanitarian  and food aid provided we re in order in 2007: 
Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC),  Chad, Zimbabwe, the Sahel (including, in 
addition to Chad, Burkina Faso, Mali, Maurita nia and Niger), Uganda , Ethiopia, Burundi, 
Somalia and Liberia. 
In addition to continued assistance provided to vul nerable populations in countries affected by 
ongoing humanitarian crises, emergency interven tions were funded in response to: floods and 
cyclones in Madagascar and Mozambique; drought -related food shortages in Lesotho and 
Swaziland; floods in Burkina Faso, Ghana and Togo; hurricane Dean in Belize, Dominica, 
Haiti, Jamaica and St. Lucia; tropical storm No el in Haiti and the Dominican Republic, as 
well as a tsunami in the Solomon Islands. 
Furthermore, DG ECHO (1) supported drought prepar edness activities in the Greater Horn of 
Africa (Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Su dan and Uganda), (2) funded an ECHO Flight 
for humanitarian operators in DRC and for em ergency interventions in other areas, (3) 
responded to epidemics and (4) contributed to vaccination campaigns in West Africa. 
In 2007 as in previous years, Africa was by far the region which received most of EC 
humanitarian aid funding (around  55% of the annual budget). Th e main areas/countries of 
intervention are listed below: 
HUM.AID FOOD AID TOTAL HUM.AID FOOD AID TOTAL
All Africa 2.000.000 2.000.000
HORN of AFRICA/EASTERN AFRICA 111.500.000 106.450.000 217.950.000 128.999.205 98.508.590 227.507.795
Chad 20.500.000 10.000.000 30.500.000 15.795.344 9.999.998 25.795.342
Eritrea 6.000.000 6.000.000 7.757.456 7.757.456
Ethiopia 5.000.000 15.000.000 20.000.000 7.171.433 13.649.800 20.821.233
Kenya 5.000.000 4.000.000 9.000.000 8.650.000 4.000.000 12.650.000
Somalia 14.000.000 4.000.000 18.000.000 14.000.000 3.300.000 17.300.000
Sudan 45.000.000 65.450.000 110.450.000 59.784.972 59.558.792 119.343.764
Uganda 16.000.000 8.000.000 24.000.000 15.840.000 8.000.000 23.840.000Agreements signed in 2007 Funding Decisions adopted in 2007
Country (Region)
 
                                                      
2 Belize, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Ce ntral African Republic, Chad, Ivory Coast, Democratic Republic of 
Congo, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Ethi opia, Ghana, Guinea, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, 
Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Solomon Islands, Somalia, St; Lucia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania , Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. 
3 € 220.91 M humanitarian aid budget line; € 169.65 M food aid budget line; € 4 M Dipecho; € 28.2 M 
B-envelope 9th European Development Fund. 
EN 5   EN HUM.AID FOOD AID TOTAL HUM.AID FOOD AID TOTAL
GREAT LAKES/CENTRAL AFRICA 65.500.000 24.000.000 89.500.000 70.959.752 22.492.591 93.452.343
Burundi 15.000.000 4.500.000 19.500.000 14.434.133 4.500.000 18.934.133
Central African Republic 4.000.000 4.000.000 8.000.000 3.680.560 2.992.650 6.673.210
Congo (Dem. Rep.) 32.000.000 10.500.000 42.500.000 33.915.059 9.999.941 43.915.000
Echo-Flight DRC 7.500.000 7.500.000 7.500.000 7.500.000
Tanzania 7.000.000 5.000.000 12.000.000 11.430.000 5.000.000 16.430.000
WEST AFRICA 32.600.000 14.000.000 46.600.000 30.933.442 11.775.940 42.709.382
Regional West Africa 2.000.000 2.000.000 700.000 700.000
Ivory Coast 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000
Guinea 2.000.000 2.000.000 1.980.000 1.980.000
Liberia 13.600.000 3.000.000 16.600.000 11.819.643 3.000.000 14.819.643
Sahel 15.000.000 10.500.000 25.500.000 16.433.799 8.275.940 24.709.739
SOUTHERN AFRICA / INDIAN 
OCEAN27.200.000 23.200.000 50.400.000 18.711.170 22.805.376 41.516.546
Regional Southern Africa 5.819.167 5.819.167 5.819.167 5.819.167
Mozambique 7.000.000 7.000.000 7.028.419 7.028.419
Zambia 2.000.000 2.000.000 2.126.689 2.126.689
Zimbabwe 15.200.000 15.000.000 30.200.000 6.556.062 1.996.770 8.552.832
Madagascar 3.000.000 2.380.833 5.380.833 3.000.000 14.989.439 17.989.439
TOTAL 238.800.000 167.650.000 406.450.000 249.603.569 155.582.497 405.186.066Country (Region)Funding Decisions adopted in 2007 Agreements signed in 2007
 
1.1.1. All Africa 
Communicable diseases are highly endemic in African countries. According to the World 
Health Organisation (WHO), more than two ne w epidemic outbreaks occur each week. The 
vaccination coverage of the popul ations is generally low and the risk of transmission of 
infections is thus incr eased. Poverty, lack of basic sanita tion facilities, low hygienic standards 
and malnutrition in post-emergenc y or structurally weak countri es increase vulnerability to 
communicable diseases. Meningitis, cholera, and various viral hemorrhagic fevers are 
responsible for major epidemics in African c ountries which pose great risks to the health, 
lives and livelihoods of people in  the region with increasing risk  of international spread.  
Humanitarian needs 
Meningitis is endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, an area known as the “Meningitis Belt” running 
from Senegal to Ethiopia. During the dry season there is a signi ficant increase in the number 
of cases, in some countries reaching epidemic  proportions. Due to an existing international 
shortage of vaccine, preparedness for the next  meningitis epidemic outbreaks is particularly 
important. The adequate immunization of at-ris k individuals could avert an epidemic in 
which, in a worst case scen ario, as many as 160,000 people could be infected and 16,000 
killed in just one epidemic season. There is an urgent need to make meningitis vaccines 
available for emergency immunization.  
EN 6   EN Cholera is also affecting Afri ca. Almost all global deaths were reported from the African 
continent and in 2006, 99% of wo rldwide cases of cholera were  reported in Africa. In 2007, 
there were outbreaks of cholera (or acute wate ry diarrhoea - AWD) in Ethiopia, Uganda, DRC 
and Angola.  
In recent years, Africa has also seen a significant number of outbreaks of Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), among these Yellow fever and Lassa  fever in West Africa, and Ebola fever, 
Marburg fever and Rift Valley fever in the Horn  of Africa and in Eastern and Central Africa. 
In 2007, outbreaks of Ebola Fever occurred in DRC, Marburg Fever in Uganda, and Yellow 
Fever in Sudan. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements  
The main funding objective was to reduce morbid ity and mortality rates related to outbreaks 
of meningitis, cholera and viral haemorrhagic  fevers epidemics in the African countries, 
signatories to the Cotonou Convention and to maintain case-fatality rates below 
internationally recognized thre sholds. It aimed at contributi ng to an adequate response to 
sudden major threats to public health, such as epidemics with a potential trans-national 
impact.  
The funds (€ 2,000,000) were used for emergenc y planning, management of vaccines and 
pharmaceutical stock piles, international cooperation and early warning systems.  
The containment and control of confirmed epidemics requires provision of effective 
medicines to most affected people, prevention of additional cases and control of potential 
expansion through immunization and awareness campaigns.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
Not relevant. 
1.1.2. Horn of Africa and Eastern Africa 
A total amount of € 217,950,000 was allocated to th e countries/areas of the Horn of Africa 
and Eastern Africa.  
Sudan 
remained the main crisis for DG ECHO. In addition to providing a ssistance to the IDPs 
in Darfur, the return and reinstallation of hundr eds of thousands of people was assisted in 
South Sudan and the transitional areas, where humanitarian needs remain considerable, in the absence of very basic services to the popul ation. Support to IDP camps around Khartoum was 
decreased. A response was provided to outbreak s of diseases, as well as to floods and 
droughts. 
In Chad, assistance focussed on IDP and refugee camps in the East (S udanese) and the South 
(Central African), as well as on vulnerable loca l populations.  
Despite an increasingly difficult environment due to administrative constraints, DG ECHO 
partners were able to maintain a certain  implementing capacity in Eritrea, in the 
health/nutrition and wate r/sanitation sectors. 
EN 7   EN A multi-sector response strategy was applied in order to address the humanitarian needs of 
people affected by internal inst ability, acute food shor tages and repeated c limatic hazards in 
the Somali Regional State, the Southern Region s, Oromya and Afar in Ethiopia, where an 
ECHO office was opened. 
In Kenya, DG ECHO responded to the high level of chronic malnutrition rates in the North-
east through health/nutrition and water/sanitation interventions . It also suppor ted protection 
activities. Assistance was also provided to Somali refugees. 
The humanitarian situation further worsened in  Somalia, where open conflict and instability 
continued to prevail generating overwhelming hu manitarian needs that are aggravated and 
compounded by cyclical droughts, floods and epidemic outbreaks. Despite numerous security incidents affecting the humanitarian comm unity, DG ECHO was able to maintain a 
substantial engagement through various partne rs, providing assistance in Central and 
Southern Somalia in the sector s of shelter, food relief items, health/nutrition, emergency food 
assistance, water and sanitati on, as well as co-ordination. 
The overall humanitarian and security situatio n improved in Uganda, which prompted an 
initial return process for a number of Intern ally Displaced People (IDPs). However, needs 
remained considerable in the transitional phase. DG ECHO continued to support the most 
vulnerable populations in camp s, whilst progressively shif ting the focus, in a LRRD 
perspective, to new return areas. 
Finally, a Regional Drought Prepar edness programme was funded in order to assist more than 
8 million pastoralists and/or agro-pastoralists,  with particular focus on water and animal 
health. 
Sudan/Chad 
a) Sudan 
Humanitarian needs 
The four-year long conflict in Darfur has led to ar ound 4,000,000 people in need of 
humanitarian assistance, including more than 2,500,000 IDPs, 280,000 refugees in Chad, as 
well as resident communities and nomads. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) 
signed in January 2005, putting an end to the 20- year civil war between the North and the 
South, was positive. However the political and security equilibrium remains precarious in Southern Sudan and the transiti onal areas, leading to regular fighting and insecurity. With the 
CPA, thousands of refugees and IDPs started re turning to areas where nutrition, health, water 
and sanitation and public health and hygiene continue to be the source of major concern, thus 
generating further humanitarian needs. Since the signing of the Darfur Peace Agreement in 
May 2006, the situation has further deteriorated and humanitarian access has been drastically 
reduced. The ongoing fighting, the risi ng insecurity, as well as the bad food security  situation, 
have led to 600,000 new IDPs between Ma y 2006 and December 2007, to additional 
violations of International Humanitarian Law and to an increased dependence of the most 
vulnerable to international a ssistance in terms of food aid, health, nutrition, water and 
sanitation, shelter and emergency support. 
EN 8   EN Furthermore, the whole of Sudan is regularly affected by severe natural disasters such as 
floods and droughts, as well as by a series of disease outbreaks.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Over the past 5 years, DG ECHO 's engagement in Sudan has in creased with the eruption of 
the Darfur crisis in 2003 which became the bigge st humanitarian crisis in the world. In 
parallel, with the signature of  the CPA, DG ECHO's suppor t to Southern Sudan and the 
transitional areas started focusi ng on the return and reinstalla tion of hundred of thousands of 
people in areas totally lacking basic servic es, whereas the support in the IDP camps around 
Khartoum was steadily decreasing. DG ECHO has responded swiftly to ou tbreaks of diseases 
such as yellow fever, meningitis , cholera and hemorrhagic fever, as well as to the floods and 
droughts that have regularly affected se veral regions of Sudan. Since 2007, DG ECHO 
sharply increased its support to food aid a nd emergency food insecurity in Sudan and 
particularly in Darfur where f ood aid assistance represents 2/3 of  the international aid. In the 
last 5 years, large parts of Sudan required a continued substantial le vel of engagement to 
assist the most vulnerable populations. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements  
The main objective for 2007 was to reduce exce ssive mortality and morbidity rates among 
highly vulnerable populations in Sudan through integrated assistance.  In addition, DG ECHO 
support aimed at improving humanitarian and operational environments through support to 
special mandates, as well as common services including the humanitarian air service. The 
main sectors of intervention were food aid, health and nutrition, wa ter and environmental 
sanitation, emergency preparedness and res ponse, household food security, protection and 
operational support.  
DG ECHO continued covering the whole territor y with a neutral approach and according to 
needs in strict respect of internationally recogn ised humanitarian principl es. In addition to the 
€ 45,000,000  programmed for 2007, the country ha s benefited from € 16,000,000 out of a 
decision amounting to € 17,000,000 mobilised in December 2006 to respond to the worsening 
of the security, access and humanitarian si tuation in Darfur and Chad. An amount of 
€ 65,450,000 coming from the two separate global f ood aid decisions have also been allocated 
to Sudan, to address food aid a nd emergency food security needs. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
DG ECHO continued to assist the Sudanese population in need, affected by conflict and by 
natural disasters, as long as alarming humanita rian indicators appeare d. With a more stable 
situation in the North and in certain parts of  Southern Sudan, rehabi litation and sustainable 
development assistance are gradually taking over and building upon the relief work provided 
for decades. LRRD possibilities have increased  since the resumption of formal cooperation 
with the European Commission in 2005, especia lly in the food secu rity sector. Thus, 
DG ECHO has been decreasing its support to op erations in North Sudan, while identifying 
bridging operations in Southern Sudan and the transitional areas. However, needs are so 
overwhelming notably in Southern Sudan and the transitional areas, that both humanitarian 
and development assistance will have to go hand in hand for a long while. Hopefully, in the next few years, LRRD continuum  will become effective, contributing to a gradual process of 
recovery through the enhan cement of self-reliance. 
EN 9   EN b) Chad 
Humanitarian needs 
From April 2003 to end 2007, some 280,000 Sudanese refugees from Darfur poured into the 
Eastern Chadian frontier, an area that has su ffered from decades of civil conflict. This 
politically and economically marginalised re gion suffers from chronic food insecurity and 
lacks the necessary resources and capacity to accommodate large numbers of displaced 
people, and the Sudanese refugees are comp letely dependent on international aid. 
Furthermore, about 180,000 people have been intern ally displaced in sout h-east of Chad at the 
border with Darfur most of which have been displaced in 2007, and more than 50,000 Chadian have found refuge in Darfur. These disp lacements are the result of an armed conflict 
between the government and re bel groups, incursions  by neighbouring Sudanese militia and 
growing violence between different communities . In addition, the Southern provinces are 
hosting some 18,000 refugees from the Central African Republic since 2003, a number that 
rose to 48,000 in 2005. In 2007 the deployment of  a European peace keeping operation in 
Chad and RCA (EUFOR) has been approved, as  well as the deployment of a UN mission 
(MINURCAT). These deployments should contribute to the securitisation of the camps and of 
the places of origin of the displaced populati ons and initiate the first voluntary returns. 
However, a general mass return of IDPs cannot be envisaged unless it is accompanied by a 
reconciliation process and the return of the rule of law.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
DG ECHO is supporting relief operations in Ea stern Chad since Se ptember 2003 when an 
emergency decision was taken to assist the firs t refugees coming from Darfur. With the rising 
number of refugees, IDPs, and host communities affected by the Darfur conflict, the Chadian conflict and insecurity, DG ECHO remained and increased its support to  Eastern Chad. In 
parallel, in 2005, DG ECHO starte d assisting the refugees comi ng to Southern Chad, fleeing 
insecurity in Central African Republic. Projects aimed at promoting economic security and 
maintaining nutritional levels ha ve been carrie d out outside the camps and where vulnerability 
of the local populations is very high. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
Through its operational partners, DG ECHO maintained multi-sec tor assistance to refugees 
and IDPs in the camps of Ea stern and Southern Chad, supp orting food aid, food security, 
health and nutrition, water and sanitation and protection operations , as well as shelter and non 
food item distributions. Although mo st needs of the lo cal Chadian population are not linked to 
the presence of refugees and IDPs, the increased pressure on natural reso urces in structurally 
weak and under developed regions, made quick impact projects, food security, health and 
nutrition operations, necessary to mitigate te nsion between refugees, IDPs and the local 
population.  
EN 10   EN A Global Plan of € 15,000,000 was adopted in 2007. An allocation of € 17,000,000 was 
released in December 2006 for Darfur and Chad, including € 1,000,000 for UNHCR in Chad. In July 2007, an EDF
4 decision of € 5,500,000 was approved to strengthen ECHO support to 
the humanitarian air service and to activit ies aiming at reducing vulnerability and 
malnutrition. An additional € 10.000.000 from the first global food aid decision was allocated to Chad to address food aid and emergency food security needs.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
With a view to facilitating the link between relief, rehabilitation and development, pre-
rehabilitation operations have been carried  out in the South of Chad where partner 
organisations are putting exit strategies in pla ce. Discussions with othe r relevant Commission 
services have intensified w ith a view to further promote LRRD through the various 
complementary initiatives and instruments avai lable in Southern Chad. However any attempt 
to develop sustainability of th e operations and LRRD is at stake if conflict and related 
insecurity in the sub-region last.  
Eritrea 
Humanitarian needs 
The protracted, unresolved border dispute with its neighbour, Ethiopia, has continuously led 
to decline in many sectors: li velihoods, health, food security, engendering greater levels of 
poverty. Eritrea has faced challe nges posed by years of chroni c drought, desertification, poor 
infrastructure and continued in security along the border with Ethiopia. Economic decline has 
led to worrying humanitarian indicators. Althoug h these have not been measured for a couple 
of years, the malnutrition rates remain very  high and admissions to specialised feeding 
programmes have increased.  
The penury and poor quality of water, resulting from successive years of drought, insufficient 
and unbalanced distribution of rains, lack of wa ter points and weak main tenance, are directly 
responsible for the worrying water-borne dise ase morbidity rates commonly found in rural 
areas. Losses of livestock have been commonly re ported over the past year s, leading to asset 
depletion and less and less resilience on the part  of the rural communities to cope with harsh 
periods. An estimated 40% of the Eritrean population relies on liv estock as its main source of 
income. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years  
A total amount of € 16,920,000 has been allocated to  Eritrea from 2003 to 2007. Following 
the 1998-2000 war with Ethiopia, the country has been affected by several droughts and a 
continuous decline in livelihoods due to the economic crisis. DG ECHO  interventions have 
progressively shifted from a water and sanitati on support to a more comprehensive strategy 
including health, nutrition and protection. At the same time, the implementing capacity has 
continued to decrease due to  the progressive reduction of the number of NGO.  
                                                      
4 European Development Fund 
EN 11   EN Humanitarian objectives and achievements  
A funding decision of € 6,000,000 from the huma nitarian aid budget adopted in 2007 has 
been implemented. Despite an overall difficult environment due to administrative constraints 
and Government policies, partners have been able to maintain an acceptable implementing 
capacity. The country has also benefited from the Regional Drought Preparedness Decision 
(see related text below). 
DG ECHO's strategy was to provide support to civilian population trying to overcome the 
humanitarian consequences of a protracted serious crisis context. DG ECHO interventions 
targeted two main sectors, health - including nutrition - and water and sanitation. As a result, 
47,000 persons throughout the country have had improved access to safe drinking water, 
thousands of animals received water in orde r to maintain a minimum livelihood level for 
targeted households. About 17,000 children unde r the age of 5 and pr egnant and lactating 
women received nutritional care, including 1,500 severely malnourished children that have 
recovered or are in the process of recove ring. More than 200,000 pe rsons have had the 
opportunity to receive primary a nd/or secondary health care in  remote rural areas of the 
country. It is estimated that  175,000 persons benefited from the International Committee of 
the Red Cross (ICRC) nationwid e protection activities.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
In the current context comprehensive LRRD is difficult to apply. However, DG ECHO 
funded projects coordinated with the interventions of the EDF, especially in the nutrition and 
water and sanitation sector. 
Ethiopia 
Humanitarian needs 
Insecurity in parts of Somali Regional Stat e (SRS) continued to be a bottleneck for 
humanitarian operations. The past oralist and agro-pastoralist lowland areas of the country 
have been suffering from insufficient rains in th e last consecutive two se asons, leading to food 
insecurity because of pasture scarcity, water shortage and low crop production. Acute watery 
Diarrhoea (AWD) has become endemic in the country and the level of response has been 
limited as the government refused to recognize it as cholera. The insecu rity in SRS led to 
further deterioration of the hum anitarian situation because of lack of access for humanitarian 
agencies after the Chinese oil workers were  attacked in April 2007. The ongoing operation of 
the Ethiopian Defence Force (EDF) imposed stri ct control on humanitari an workers including 
UN agencies and International NGOs. The ICRC was forced out of the region, other NGOs 
were asked to temporarily suspend their opera tions, although some we re later allowed to 
resume their activities on a case-by-case basi s. Among other issues, a trade embargo was 
imposed in the five Zones of military operations, which is the primary reason for the further aggravation of the situation. 
EN 12   EN The Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Agency (DPPA)5 appealed in 2007 to donor 
agencies to address 207,353 severely malnourished under five children, 6.3 million moderately malnourished under five children and 1.4 million pregnant and lactating women. 
DG ECHO responded to the appeal on the basis of assessments of the situation. Need 
increased because of insufficient rains, particularly in lowla nd areas of the country, although 
the country witnessed a bumper harvest durin g 2006. Health threats like AWD, measles, 
malaria and meningitis were the main humanitarian needs of the year. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years  
From 2003 to 2007, DG ECHO has allocated € 39,000,000 in favour of vulnerable people in 
Ethiopia. Initially, the interven tions were focused on the foll ow-up of the 1998- 2000 war with 
Eritrea. Successively, DG ECHO  has enlarged its support with the aim to provide 
humanitarian aid in favour of the most vulnerable populations aff ected by climatic threats and 
local conflicts, mainly in health, wate r and sanitation and protection sectors. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements  
DG ECHO carried out two financ ial decisions in 2007. Through a humanitarian aid decision, 
DG ECHO allocated € 5,000,000 from the huma nitarian budget line and € 15,000,000 from 
the food aid budget.  
The aims of the funding were to provide humanita rian assistance in areas  of health, water and 
sanitation, protection, IDPs as well as food aid, nutrition and food security. A multi-sector 
response strategy was pivotal in addressing em ergency needs of the people affected by 
internal instability, acute food shortages over and above  the chronic struct ural food deficit, 
and other climatic hazards.  
In 2007, DG ECHO’s support has benefited more than 4,700,000 people in food security, 
2,250,000 in nutrition, 200,000 in health and 650,000 in  water and sanita tion. Spatially, the 
major beneficiary regions were Somali Regional  State (SRS), Southern Regions, Oromya and 
Afar. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
DG ECHO mainstreamed LRRD in the country a nd ensured that the short term emergency 
response is properly linked to partners' long- term development programmes. In order to 
provide technical capacity in th e field, DG ECHO opened an office in Ethiopia in 2007, which 
is currently working closely with the Rural De velopment and Food Secur ity Section of the EC 
Delegation to ensure the Linkage of Relief,  Rehabilitation and Development (LRRD), and 
sustainability of its actions.  
                                                      
5 DPPA is a government agency re sponsible for the coordination and licensing of humanitarian operation 
in the country. 
EN 13   EN Kenya 
Humanitarian needs 
Vulnerable populations affected by drought a nd a livelihoods and nutr itional crisis were 
supported through the Kenya Country Progra mme and the Regional Drought Decision. 
Somali refugees were supported through an a llocation to WFP. Although 2007 bore witness to 
a recovery period following the severe dr ought in 2005/2006, malnutri tion rates remained 
high albeit below 15% Global Acute Malnutr ition (GAM). Needs in the nutrition, public 
health and water sectors rema ined high during the year.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years  
Over the past 5 years DG ECHO's engagement ha s become more focused in Kenya, tackling 
severe drought in pastoral areas as well as  aspects of human health. A total amount of 
€ 23,850,000 has been committed from 2003 to 2007. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements  
DG ECHO's objective for 2007 was to respond to th e high level of chr onic malnutrition rates 
in the North-East through health/nutrition and wa ter/sanitation projects as well as to focus on 
the protection sector in the light  of continuing insecurity in th e sub-region. This objective was 
largely accomplished, although primary health care act ivities. Health expert  early in the year, 
have been largely excluded from the remit of partners' interventions. 2007 in Kenya bore 
witness to a continuation of the recovery from the previous drought; malnutrition rates 
declined albeit never below 15% GAM, highlighti ng the cyclical fluctuations in rates linked 
most likely to livestock availability. 
In 2007, the EC support for humanitarian projects in Kenya amounted to € 9,000,000, 
covering: (a) € 5,000,000 of huma nitarian aid to vulnerable populations in northern Kenya 
affected by drought and facing a livelihood an d nutritional crisis and targeting 3,500,000 
beneficiaries; (b) € 4,000,000 of humanitarian ai d for Somali refugees in Kenya. Moreover, 
€ 5,500,000 allocated in 2006 for areas of norther n Kenya as part of a regional drought 
preparedness programme for the Horn of  Africa was implemented in 2007. DG ECHO 
support provided in 2006 to UNH CR was implemented in 2007 and led to the improvement of 
health infrastructure, inter alia , in the camps. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
The elections at the end of 2007 led to violence  in Western Kenya, Nair obi and coastal areas. 
Discussions with other relevant  Commission's services intensified with a view to further 
promote LRRD through the various complementar y initiatives and instruments available. 
Links with the Drought Management Initiative of the EC Delegation in Kenya have been 
reinforced.  
EN 14   EN Somalia 
Humanitarian needs 
For the past 17 years Somalia has remained a country of open-ended conflict and instability 
with overwhelming humanitarian needs that  are aggravated and compounded by worsening 
cyclical droughts, floods and various epidemic outbreaks. 
Violence escalated between insurgents and Ethi opian forces. Some of the worst fighting since 
the civil war of the early 1990s occurred, with  hundreds of civilians killed and thousands 
more injured. The conflict caused massive di splacement from Mogadishu. There were an 
estimated 700,000 new internally displaced persons  (IDPs) in Somalia, joining an estimated 
400,000 long-term IDPs. The largest numbers of IDPs were moving to areas where host communities were already in a food and nut rition crisis and could not support them. 
The spring and autumn rains performed poorly, es pecially in Hiran a nd Central Regions. The 
combined effects of poor rains, conflict, di splacement and diarrhoeal diseases severely 
exacerbated the food security situation and caused an  alarming rise in acute malnutrition rates, 
particularly in regions that ab sorbed large numbers of conflict -related IDPs. Parts of Somalia 
were also experiencing hyperinf lation with dramatic price in creases putting basic food items 
beyond the budget of the most vulnerable. 
Repeated security incidents against the humanita rian community such as  kidnapping threats, 
harassment, roadside bombs, and administrativ e interference and hindr ances placed a burden 
on humanitarians and restricted  their ability to operate. 
The main humanitarian needs identified were shelter and non food reli ef items, health and 
nutrition, emergency food assistance, wa ter and sanitation, and coordination. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Each year, from 2003 to 2006, the Commission adopt ed humanitarian aid financing decisions 
for a total yearly amount of about € 10,000,000. In  2007 following the resumption of violence 
in the country and the intens ification of the humanitarian crisis, the Commission adopted 
several humanitarian aid decisions for a to tal of € 18,000,000. The principal objective of the 
aid remained the same throughout all the years: " to assist the victim s of insecurity and 
climatic hazards in Somalia ". The main sectors of intervention in response to the needs were 
health, water and sanitation, food security, and non food items.  
Humanitarian objectives an d achievements in 2007 
In 2007, the European Commission adopted hum anitarian aid financing decisions for 
€ 18,000,000 to address the victims of the ongoing insecurity and clima tic hazards. These 
were allocated through three main funding decisions: a global plan of € 10,000,000, an 
emergency funding decision of € 4,000,000 in response to the conflict and € 4,000,000 from food aid allocation. These funds were allocate d to operations focusing on health, nutrition, 
water and sanitation, food security, multi sector support across the Central and Southern areas 
of Somalia in favour of the new IDP caseloads. 
EN 15   EN DG ECHO supported access to health care  through nutrition interven tions and primary health 
care support: out patient consulta tion and treatment, and in patient treatment, including 
specialised mother and child hea lth care, paediatrics and surgery. 
In water and sanitation sector,  DG ECHO promoted access to water and hygiene through the 
rehabilitation of water points and ground surf ace dams, through the building of latrines, and 
through hygiene awareness campaigns.  
Food security  interventions included support to veterina ry services that had been able to 
vaccinate and treat in excess of 1,500,000 head of  livestock. This reduced the morbidity rate 
from critical livestock diseases and kept the mortality rate below the normal thus contributing significantly to protecting pe ople's livestock herds and liv elihoods. Livestock-related 
interventions also included training community animal health workers, income generation and support for agricultural in terventions through the pr ovision of small ruminants to pastoralists 
and seeds and tools to riverside comm unities respectively in key areas.  
DG ECHO provided food, non food items including sh elter, and essentia l household kits to 
IDPs and host communities, and supported water and sanitation interventions, basic health 
care, distribution of seeds and tools. Moreove r some protracted IDPs  were supported to 
undertake income ge nerating activities.  
The above-mentioned interventions have, over the pa st year, been able to impact the lives of 
approx. 3,066,500 Somalis. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
LRRD is currently a major challenge for the EC as a whole, not least b ecause of the different 
geographic coverage of the EC Delegation and DG ECHO in programming, but also because 
of the high levels of insecurity that characterise Somalia. Nevertheless, the EC Delegation remains firmly committed to Somalia and especially in the Rural Development and Social Services sectors. 
Uganda 
Humanitarian needs 
During the year 2007, the humanitarian and s ecurity situation in Uganda has greatly 
improved. This achievement is mainly due to the promising peace talks between the 
Government and the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and the significant reduction in LRA 
hostilities since the signature of the Cessa tion of Hostilities Agreement in August 2006. 
Even though the overall situation still remains largely dependent on  the, so far, inconclusive 
Juba peace talks, and many IDPs (especially in the Acholi region), these positive changes 
have prompted an initial return  process, accelerating the move ment out of the camps of the 
original 1,500,000 IDPs and resulting in substantially improved access to land.  
EN 16   EN This return process is part of a transition pha se, which, still continues to experience large 
scale humanitarian needs. Humanitarian and trans ition needs will coexist for at least the next 
18-24 months with a progressive increase of th e latter as return movements intensify.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years  
Since 2004 DG ECHO has greatly c ontributed to providing a c ontinuous and effective relief 
response in LRA-affected areas; the response to  basic needs such as water and sanitation, 
health, NFIs, and, last but not least, food securi ty as well as protecti on and coordination, have 
been scaled up significantly. Humanitarian ac cess due to insecurity and sub-optimal co-
ordination has been the main constraint.  
Although humanitarian indicators  in northern Uganda still re main below Sphere Standards 
across several sectors and regions , former humanitarian operati ons have definitely shown a 
positive impact. The increased supply of water, la trine coverage, food intake, health services 
and hygiene promotion resulted in a healthie r population able to use a variety of coping 
mechanisms. 
During 2003 € 8,000,000 was released. In response to the worsening of the humanitarian 
crisis, DG ECHO increased funding to € 18,620,000 in 2004, € 14,000,000 in 2005 and in two 
separate decisions in 2006 released € 15,000,000 and € 4,000,000 respectively. In 2007 
further support has been s ecured releasing altogether  € 21,000,000 (including € 8,000,000 of 
food aid). 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
DG ECHO's priority in 2007 was to continue supporting the needs of the most vulnerable 
populations in the IDPs camps, wh ile progressively shifting the focus to new return areas. 
Water and sanitation, health, non-food items, fo od security and food aid, camp management 
and planning, protection and coor dination, have been the main s ectors of interventions. This 
approach in Uganda has been consiste nt with DG ECHO’s 2007 strategy (Needs based, 
LRRD, mainstreaming of Children and HIV/AIDS),  which included three specific objectives:  
1) In the framework of the current IDPs return  and transitional phase, to provide adequate 
support and assistance to returnees, while contin uing to assist the most vulnerable population 
in IDP camps, with minimum basic services in  water and sanitation, health, livelihoods and 
food security, Non Food Items, prot ection, training and education; 2)  To strengthen the 
management and coordination of humanitari an response among multila teral and bilateral 
agencies and non governmental agencies in Uganda and 3)  To maintain a technical capacity in 
the field and to assess needs, appraise projec t proposals and to co-ordinate and monitor the 
implementation of operations. 
Partners focused on outputs, improved coor dination and streamlined their activities 
accordingly. Main achievements include: (1) Health:  with support to hospitals, Health Centres 
(HC), financing of mobile c linics and fight against Malaria and HIV/AIDS; (2) Water and 
Sanitation:  maintenance of water systems in camps and increased focus on rehabilitation and 
construction of water systems, integration of  hygiene promotion across  all funded water and 
sanitation programs; (3) Food security : increasing self-reliance of  IDPs through livelihood 
security programmes and income generating activities ; (4) Food Aid : over 1,000,000 IDPs 
were assisted with food aid ; over 450,000 bene ficiaries have been engaged in food-for-work 
and food-for-training projects.  
EN 17   EN Mother Child Health and nutrition progr amme have been continued and over 300,000 
beneficiaries (newborns, pregnant  and lactating mothers) were assisted with supplementary 
food rations.  
Protection : Over 2,000 children under five  in Kitgum district were  provided with day care 
through early childhood centres in order to address protection is sues related to unattended 
children in camps. Over 500 Formerly Abduc ted Children received assistance and were 
reintegrated into their communities. Other ex tremely vulnerable children and women received 
similar assistance and about 100 adolescents were provided psychosocial support through 
Interpersonal Therapy for Groups (IPTG). Legal aid for IDPs in Kitgum and Pader districts 
has been financed through Information, Counse lling and Legal Assistance (i.e. total of 362 
cases were closed between March and October 07);  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
LRRD continued to be at the forefront of DG ECHO's strate gy in Uganda. In 2007, 
DG ECHO has continued to reinforce its LRRD  strategy with the di fferent Commission 
services as well as DG ECHO’s implementing pa rtners. Exit strategies  by DG ECHO partners 
have been implemented since 2006 where collabor ation with local and sub-county authorities 
has been continuously strengthened. Interventions, to  the extent feasible are aligned to District 
Development Plans provided that these plans correspond to and respond to the needs in the 
area. The EC Delegation is also re-focus ing its attention on LRRD and favourably 
contributing to this process through various funding instru ments/programs (NUREP, Water 
Facility, 10th EDF etc.). 
Regional Drought Preparedness  
Humanitarian needs 
Approximately 12,000,000 pastoralists  are at risk of morbidity and mortality in the Greater 
Horn of Africa (GHA). Because of the specific na ture of nomadic pastoralists and its linkages 
with natural resource and land ma nagement, the needs arise as a result of environmental and 
institutional policy failures. One of the most  important traditional coping mechanisms for 
nomadic communities, the opportunistic use of natu ral resources, or the ability to move with 
herds to areas with better pasture and water dur ing periods of stress, has been progressively 
eroded.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years  
The € 10,000,000 decision adopted in 2006 was the fi rst one adopted by the Commission to 
mitigate the effects of the recurrent drought in  the Horn of Africa. The evaluation of the 
impact of this kind of preventive approach wa s very successful and DG ECHO has decided to 
continue and reinforce the regional dr ought preparedness programme with € 30,000,000 
allocated in 2008.  
EN 18   EN Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
An 18-month funding decision was adopted in July 2006 and entirely committed for an 
amount of € 10,000,000,. 2007, therefore, saw the conti nuation of projects financed in 2006 in 
5 countries (Djibouti, Eritrea,  Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan and Uganda). Projects were not 
implemented in Somalia due to insecurity. This was the first initiative of its kind undertaken in Kenya over the past 5 years.  
Some 8,290,160 pastoralists and/or agro-pastorali sts have been targeted by operations funded 
through this Decision. The principal sectors we re water and animal health. Drought Cycle 
Management methodology has been used (com munity-based low-cost technologies, 
contingency planning supported, and reinforcemen t of existing Early Warning Systems). In 
line with previous objectives, the emphasis was placed on close monitoring as well as making 
sure that the projects were adapted to reflect changes on the ground (e.g. Eritrea and the 
Ogaden region of Ethiopia). As foreseen, a mi d-term evaluation was carried out (May-August 
2007). It welcomed DG ECHO's community -based regional a pproach, recommended 
intensification of success stories,  wider geographical scope, a broa der range of sectors, as well 
as an increase in the budget for the 2008 progr amme. A Stakeholders' Meeting was held in 
Nairobi mid-September 2007 to gather partners' opinions on the programme  and to brainstorm 
future strategy.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
LRRD was intensified with EC Delegations on the 9
th and 10th EDF (Drought Management 
Initiative, Kenya; NUREP (Northern Uganda Rehabilitation Programme ) and Food Security 
activities, Ethiopia) as well as with regards to the ACP-EU Water Facility . The Horn of Africa 
Initiative began its preliminary work during 20 07. In collaboration with other EC Services, 
DG ECHO continued working on an LRRD st rategy seeking complementarities between 
projects financed in the Horn of Africa through thei r different instruments (10th EDF, the 
Horn of Africa Initiativ e and ECHO's Drought Prep aredness Programme).  
The countries, except Djibouti, ta rgeted also benefited from se parate country allocations and 
in some cases, food aid allocations.  
1.1.3. Great Lakes and central Africa  
Needs have been contrasted in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)  where, on one hand, 
some one million IDPs were assisted to return  home and regain self-sufficiency, whilst on the 
other hand renewed conflict in North Kivu upr ooted some 300,000 people who were thrown 
in urgent need of medical care, water, food and shelter. Violence ag ainst women and children 
remained a major problem, particularly in  the East. DG ECHO c ontributed to contain 
mortality and morbidity rates and to support the resettlement and stabilization process. 
ECHO Flight was maintained in order to serve humanita rian operators mainly in DRC. It was 
also used for emergency operations el sewhere (e.g. floods in Mozambique). 
More than 200,000 people were displaced in the Central African Republic  as a consequence 
of the action of domestic and foreign re bel groups and banditry in the North. DG ECHO 
assisted IDPs, refugees, returnees and vulnerable host communities with an integrated package including water and sanitation, food s ecurity, education, health and protection 
activities. 
EN 19   EN A chronic complex emergency persisted in Burundi , affected by 10 years of civil war, 
population displacements, and an ever precarious security situation. Furthermore, the country 
hosted three camps of Congolese refugees. DG EC HO provided assistance to IDPs, returnees, 
refugees and vulnerable host communities, cove ring the health/nutrition sector, delivering 
food aid, promoting sanitation and funding prot ection activities, with focus on children, 
adolescents and women, and within a LRRD perspective as much as possible. 
Tanzania  continued to host the la rgest refugee population on the African continent, almost 
entirely dependent on international aid. However, in the course of the year the repatriation of 
Burundian and Congolese accelerated, and there are at the moment a total of some 212,000 
refugees whose return will largely, though not exclusively, depend on developments in their 
countries of origin. The Government of Tanzan ia maintains its objective to close all camps. 
Whilst maintaining a certain degree of assistance  for camps care and maintenance, DG ECHO 
focussed more on interventions aimed at facilitating the repatriation process. 
Burundi 
Humanitarian needs 
Burundi has been a chronic complex emergency re sulting from the previous 10 years of civil 
war and population displacements. However, fo llowing the latest peaceful elections and 
formation of a new government, measures are be ing taken to prepare for a major repatriation 
exercise. Living conditions for the population re main difficult, with the country having 
experienced a decade of war and displacement, restricted access to he althcare and reduced 
quality of available health services. Burundi currently  occupies the first place in DG ECHO’s 
vulnerability rankings   
Burundi also hosts three camps for more than 20,300 Congolese refugees and also around 
13,000 registered refugees living as urban caseload. This group needs care and maintenance 
support. The country is also vulnerable to the e ffects of regional pressu res and instability. On 
the one hand, over 110,000 registered Burundian refugees are still in Tanzania and are supposed to return home with re-integration in 2008-2009. 
Generally, the displaced, orphans, children and female-headed households, as well as the 
Batwa minority (1%), are among the most vulne rable groups within Burundi society. In 
addition to this, the past year s have seen the need for rapi d interventions for recurrent 
epidemics of cholera and meningitis in several provinces. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Burundi has emerged from several years of  conflict. The assi stance required has 
concomitantly evolved from a life saving emer gency humanitarian aid to rehabilitation and 
development. Chronic poverty independent of th e conflict has left and will for the foreseeable 
future leave, many Burundians in a very vulne rable position. The return of refugees, though 
positive, has added to this vulnerability and implied a continuing need for humanitarian assistance despite growing development aid support.  
EN 20   EN Humanitarian objectives and achievements  
The principal objective is to save and preserve li fe in the aftermath of a ten-year civil war in 
Burundi, entailing major loss of life, physical, ps ychological or social suffering and material 
damage. 
With a total funding of € 19,500,000 in 2007, DG ECHO’s intervention strategy was focused 
on the following specific objectives: (1) Returnees/Refugees : to provide multi-sectoral 
humanitarian assistance to vulnerable populatio ns, comprising displaced persons, returnees, 
refugees and host communities in areas directly affected by conflict. Special attention has 
been given to children, adolescents and women; (2) Special mandates: to support  
international agencies in the ex ecution of their special mandates. 
This assistance was channeled through a mul ti sector program (health: 23.18%; food aid: 
23.53%; nutrition: 14.34%; sanitation: 6.89%, protection: 15.72%) implemented by NGOs, 
United Nations agencies and the ICRC.  
The impact of the programme has been consider able. In the health se ctor, 4 provinces with 
both first and secondary level of care have been  supported during the cour se of the year. In 
addition, more than 400,000 people received seeds and seed prot ection food aid. DG ECHO 
also supported the implementation of the CT C approach to deal with the high chronic 
malnutrition that is present in Burundi. Within the framework of the fight against cholera, two 
districts alongside the Tanganyika Lake were provided with potable water and specialized 
treatment centres as well as receiving hygi ene education. Lastly, 50,000 people benefited 
from DG ECHO supported protec tion activities. These benefici aries are Burundian IDPs and 
repatriated refugees, Congolese refug ees and Rwandan asylum seekers. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
In 2007, some water and sanitation  activities previously finan ced by DG ECHO have been 
taken over by the EC Delegation's "Water F acility" programme and the Belgium cooperation. 
A two-year financing proposal in th e health sector, funded from the 9th EDF B-envelope, has 
been decided in 2007. This funding of € 7,800,000 w ill focus on support for ten health zones 
as defined in the Public Health Ministry's  National Plan. This support will also cover 
supervision of health teams, purchase of  medicines and aid for the destitute.  
The EC Delegation prepared a two y ear programme with UNICEF and UNHCR 
(€ 10,000,000 to be started on 1 January 2008) in or der to facilitate th e initial phases of 
reintegration after the return of refugees or expelled people from Tan zania, in addition to a 
grant that started in September 2007 (€ 2,000,000). This complements the return package and 
logistical support provided by DG ECHO in the re turn process, and it will allow a link with 
the long term programmes that the EC Dele gation started in the areas of return.  
EN 21   EN Central African Republic 
Humanitarian needs 
At the end of 2006, the actions of rebel groups as well as the increase in the number of bandits 
("coupeurs de routes") in the nor th have exacerbated the humanitarian situ ation by creating a 
climate of fear which has led to the displacem ent of over 200,000 people, many of them to the 
bush and forest, where people have become even  more vulnerable to disease and insecurity. 
Some have also fled as refugees to neighbourin g countries (notably Chad). In their absence, 
the little infrastructure that existed has been damaged or loot ed. Crop, seed stocks and tools 
have been lost. Thus, even if security improves su fficiently to allow a return home, little is left 
for people to rebuild a livelihood. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
DG ECHO intervened in the country in 2003 a nd 2004 through the adoption of two decisions 
targeting needs in the health sector. 
At the end of 2006 the northwest and northeast of the country have been severely affected by 
the increasing activity of domestic and foreig n rebel groups. Fighting between government 
forces and rebels has led to the destructi on of hundreds of homes.  Human rights abuses 
including summary executions, rapes and the r ecruitment of child soldiers have been 
recorded. Following the deterioration of the living conditions of the displaced and local 
population, DG ECHO decided to  re-engage in the country  by funding operations for 
€ 7,000,000 starting mid 2007. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements  
The total funding in 2007 amounted to € 8,000,000 (€ 4,000,000 food aid and € 4,000,000 on 
EDF). The principal objective of DG ECHO stra tegy was to provide as sistance to displaced 
people, refugees, returnees and vulnerable host communities affected by the conflict in order 
to reduce excess mortality and to promote st abilisation and resettlement. The specific 
objective aimed at providing them with an inte grated multisectoral assistance package.  
Achievements are difficult to measure at this  point in time since DG ECHO funded operations 
started in the second half of the year and outcomes will thus be known by mid-2008 only. 
However, DG ECHO's contribution enabled to target approximately  200,000 beneficiaries 
(IDPs, refugees, returnees and host communi ties) in the Northern  provinces who are 
benefiting from water and sanitation, food secur ity, education and protection activities and 
receiving health services. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
DG ECHO has, as far as possible,  focused its activities in areas  and sectors already earmarked 
for future EDF development projects. The EDF has already identified resources for the first phase of their intervention. Discussions are on-going so as to streamline the upcoming DG 
DEVELOPMENT funding plans with proj ects funded by DG ECHO. However DG ECHO 
has decided to remain engaged in the countr y until mid 2009 in order to better ensure 
successful LRRD. 
EN 22   EN Democratic Republic of Congo 
Humanitarian needs 
Despite successful elections the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has not returned to 
complete peace and stability. Some areas, such  as Ituri, Katanga and South Kivu enjoyed 
calmer times sufficient to attract back refugees  and IDPs but in North Kivu renewed conflict 
has caused fresh suffering and more displacemen t of populations. There have also been a 
series of epidemic outbreaks most notably of Ebola virus.  
Needs have been quite contrasted. On the one  hand, some one million displaced people have 
had to be assisted to return home and regain their self-sufficiency. Essentially this has required the re-establishment of basic social services and food security. Unfortunately on the 
other hand some 300,000 people we re uprooted by the new conflict in North Kivu and were 
thrown into urgent need of medical care, wate r, food and shelter. For the first time in many 
years displaced people's camps had to be set up.  
Tragically violence against women and children  has remained a partic ular problem in DRC, 
particularly in the East. The victims have  required urgent medi cal and psychological 
assistance and DG ECHO will continue to target the most vulnerable, particularly women and 
children. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Humanitarian needs have been in direct relatio nship with the conflict. At the height of the 
fighting (1996-2003) development aid was suspended and DG ECHO had a significant 
programme covering the whole country. With the various peace accords the major fighting 
subsided increasing humanitarian needs and a llowing development aid to resume. This has 
enabled DG ECHO to reduce its level of assist ance but not entirely as patchy conflict has 
persisted in the East creating conti nued need for emergency assistance.  
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
The principal objective of DG ECHO's strategy was to contain the mortality and morbidity 
rates among the targeted population groups with in emergency threshol ds and to support the 
resettlement and stabilization process where po ssible. DG ECHO also wished to continue to 
be a major contributor to programmes that as sist women and childre n who are victims of 
sexual violence. In order to achieve this DG ECHO developed a Global plan for € 30,000,000 
and € 10,500,000 input from the food aid decision. In the last quarter of the year, an Ad Hoc 
decision of € 2,000,000 sourced from 9
th EDF non programmable aid funds, was launched to 
provide additional assistance to the vi ctims of the North Kivu conflict.  
In 2007, DG ECHO funded programmes such as s upport to health zones, providing care for 
12,500 victims of sexual violence; survival kits  to 60,000 displaced fam ilies; seeds and tools 
support to 80,000 households; nutritional suppor t to 20,500 children; providing access to 
schools and schooling material for 35,000 children;  rehabilitation of 700  KM of vital access 
roads; repatriation of 50,000 refugees from neighbouring c ountries and providing food aid 
assistance to 1,2 million beneficiaries (through the food aid decision allocation of € 8,000,000 
to WFP ). 
EN 23   EN In terms of impact an increasing number of partners have shown by local surveys that 
malnutrition levels and mortality rates have decreased. In most areas they are now below 
emergency levels (10% Global acute mal nutrition and Crude mo rtality rates of 
<1.5/10,000/month for adults and 2.5/1000/month for children <5years). They remain directly 
linked to the security environment and poverty levels. Howeve r the most significant statistic 
is that over 700,000 IDPs and 43,000 refugees have successfully returned home in the course 
of 2007.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
DG ECHO has continued to hand ove r health programmes to deve lopment partners in those 
areas that have stabilised. However in Nort h Kivu the process was reversed with several 
health districts having to turn temporarily back to DG ECHO for extra support to face the 
increased needs. Despite the elections Governme nt services have been slow to return but 
development funds are now visibly present, even in the east, where they now surpass 
emergency funds.  
ECHO Flight 
Humanitarian needs 
In DRC there is no safe and reliable linkage  between the supply and personnel entry points 
and the main humanitarian destinations. Overla nd travel is dangerous and time consuming, or 
even impossible due to security constraints or absence of infrastructure. Following the 
improvement in the security situation in D RC, DG ECHO has, also in geographic terms, 
expanded its engagement in the country. This has created an additional need for air transport. 
The use of ECHO Flight services enables hum anitarian NGOs to reduc e inventory stockpiles 
at field locations which often r un the risk of confiscation or theft by armed bandits or local 
militia. It increases productivity of field personnel due to the ability to plan rest and recreation 
rotations at an appropriate frequency; and it in creases the quality of humanitarian operations 
as supervisory visits can be  conducted more frequently.  
In addition, an airborne stand-by evacuati on capacity remains for many agencies a sine qua 
non for continuing project implementation. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years  
Not relevant. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
The principal objective of the funding (€ 7,500,000) was to facil itate the implementation of 
humanitarian and post-emergency development proj ects in difficult or inaccessible areas. The 
specific objectives have been (1) to provid e safe, reliable, efficient and cost-effective 
humanitarian air transport capacity and (2) To  create a technical assistance capacity in the 
field, to assess needs, appraise operational proposals and to coordinate and monitor the 
implementation of operations. 
EN 24   EN After a tender process DG ECHO entered into  a service agreement with DAC aviation, a 
private operator, to provide suit able aircraft and operate a sa fe and reliable hub and spoke 
service to meet the objectives. This was achieve d using three aircraft op erating a mixture of a 
fixed and a flexible schedule. The first year of c ontract allowed the transportation of 3,427 
passengers and 347,772 Kg of cargo. These figures are growing due to additional connexions 
and partners using the service, resulting in the following scor e for 2007 the second year of the 
contract: 8,500 passengers and 850,000 Kg of cargo.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
There are no current plans to hand over this  operation to DG Devel opment/EC Delegation but 
may eventually become a possibility.  
Tanzania 
Humanitarian needs 
Tanzania continues to host the largest ref ugee population on the African continent. The 
refugees are almost entirely dependent on human itarian aid for survival. At the beginning of 
2007 there were 284,975 refugees mainly from  Burundi and DRC li ving in 11 camps in 
Western Tanzania under UNHCR protection. Du ring 2007 five camps were closed and the 
refugee population decreased  by approximately 72,000, mainly due to Burundian and 
Congolese repatriation. Despite major improvements in the refugees’ countri es of origin, most 
refugees were not yet able to return home. Humanitarian need s include food, water, shelter, 
protection and health care. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
The relative stabilisatio n of the political situ ation in its ne ighbouring countries  has, over the 
last few years, allowed a staunching and even a re versal of the flow of refugees into Tanzania. 
Both Burundian and Congolese refugees are now going back to their count ries of origin in 
significant numbers enabling the cl osure of camps and thus a re duction in the funds required 
to support care and maintenance activities. The Government of Tanzania hopes to see 
complete closure of all camps by the end of next year .  
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
The total funding approved for Tanzania was of € 12,000,000 in 2007. DG ECHO’s first aim 
was to continue the support it had provided fo r several years to th is refugee “Care and 
maintenance” operation. The second aim was to suppor t facilitated repatriation of refugees to 
transit centres in thei r country of origin.  
Programmes were supported in th e sectors of water, sanitation,  transport, h ealth, food aid, 
shelter, protection and repatria tion. Specific efforts were made  to target vulnerable groups, 
such as unaccompanied minors, disabled people and elderly persons without family support. 
Attention was paid to gender-related problems,  via the Sexual and Gender-Based Violence 
Programme. Reproductive health services conti nued to receive support, with Prevention of 
Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV programme s running in every camp. In the sphere of 
repatriation, the programme was well organised, using the Projec t Profile registration system 
as much as possible and achieving the goal of  voluntary return in safety and dignity.  
EN 25   EN In 2007 Burundians and Congolese were repatriate d. The general and under-5 mortality rates 
remained below 1/1000/month and vaccination coverage was over 99%.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
This has been partially addressed by EDF expe nditure in three areas: the Special Programme 
for Refugee-Affected Areas (SPRAA, € 2,000,000 - 2001-2007), Article 73 Cotonou support 
for the longer-term camp sectors of educatio n, environment, health and water/sanitation 
(€ 4,000,000 - 2003-2005) and the tran sfer of food aid to the EC Food Security Budget Line, 
administered by EuropeAid Co-opera tion Office (since the end of 2003).  
1.1.4. West Africa 
The repatriation process was completed in Liberia , where DG ECHO focused its support on 
resuming livelihoods at community level th rough food assistance and water/sanitation 
interventions. Good progress was re gistered in terms of LRRD in  the health and food security 
sectors. 
DG ECHO's engagement was substantial in the Sahel, where interventions aimed at 
addressing the causes of acute malnutrition ranged from therapeutic and supplementary 
feeding programmes to measures aimed at im proved access to primary healthcare and clean 
water and activities to strengthen coping mech anisms and protect li velihoods. Particular 
attention was devoted to promoting LRRD. 
Activities were funded in Guinea aimed at assessi ng the nutritional situa tion, in particular in 
Conakry, as well as treating acute malnutriti on, providing an emergenc y response to cholera 
outbreaks, rehabilitating emergency wa rds and training of medical staff. 
Very minor residual activities  were funded in Ivory Coast from where DG ECHO completed 
its exit strategy in 2007. 
Emergency response was provided to floods in Togo and Ghana, whereas vaccination 
campaigns were funded in Liberia and Togo. 
Regional West Africa (floods) 
Humanitarian needs 
In August and September 2007, West Africa expe rienced well above nor mal rainfall and in 
some areas, extreme rainfall ove r very short periods of time . Torrential rains that often 
exceeded the magnitude of events that recur ev ery 20 years hit, in particular, the south of 
Burkina Faso and the northern regions of Togo and Ghana in the last weeks of August and 
early September.  
Serious flooding was quickly experienced in the entire Volta river catchment area, especially 
the Oti river basin and the White and Black Vo lta basins, causing enormous suffering for the 
population in the most affected areas. Over a hundred people were re ported dead, with many 
hundreds injured and tens of thousands displace d. Thousands of hectares of farmlands were 
damaged and many villages became temporarily  inaccessible as bridges and roads were 
washed away.  
EN 26   EN The mostly mud brick rural houses collapsed and many households lost most of their 
belongings. Coping mechanisms and livelihoods we re seriously affected with the loss of 
crops, food stocks and farm animals. Wells we re flooded and polluted, increasing the high 
risk of water borne diseases. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Not relevant 
Humanitarian objectives an d achievements in 2007 
An emergency financial decision of € 2,000,000 has been adopted covering Burkina Faso, 
Ghana and Togo. Around 350,000 persons have be nefited from multi-sector relief and 
recovery assistance such as emergency shelte rs, food and emergency food security measures, 
or non food items, water, sanitation and environmental health  interventions. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
The respective EC Delegations ha ve requested funds from the 9th EDF B-envelope for food 
security measures and rehabil itation, linking our emergency response to specific medium term 
recovery measures. 
Ivory Coast 
Humanitarian needs 
The overall humanitarian situation has been improving since last year because of a better 
political stability and efforts from the stakeh olders to improve the situation. The remaining 
humanitarian needs are now covered by development and governmental actors.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years  
Since 2002, DG ECHO has supported the most  vulnerable populations  with a special 
emphasis on health, food security, protection and humanitarian coordination. The resolution 
of conflict has allowed the re-est ablishment of main governmental  functions in most parts of 
the country. Since then, the humanitarian situation should imp rove if the election process 
follows in due course. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
DG ECHO has finalized its conf lict related actions on June  2007. Nevertheless, with the 
remaining funds from the 2006 decision and € 500,000 additional funding from the food aid decision, DG ECHO has pursued its assistance in protection,  health access, support to 
children and women affected by the conflict , nutrition activities and humanitarian 
coordination in the most vulnerable areas. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy fr om the sector and/or country 
The EC Delegation has increasingly supported the recovery process through large emergency 
rehabilitation programme, taking over some of  DG ECHO's core activities such as health, 
water or sanitation. DG ECHO is  now monitoring the humanitari an situation from the Dakar 
RSO. 
EN 27   EN Guinea  
Humanitarian needs  
The deterioration of the internal situation in  Guinea has been a source of immediate concern 
for the whole of West Africa and the country has been close to a civil war. At the beginning 
of 2007 a third open-ended strike has been support ed by an important part  of the population in 
all the country, accompanied by demonstrations in the street s and uncontrolled revolts. The 
strong reaction from the government through the police and military forces led to between 
137 and 183 civilian deaths and over 1,500 wounded during the events of January and 
February. On 12 February the country was declar ed to be in a state of siege effectively 
transferring control of the state to the militar y. Weeks of strikes and violent demonstrations 
followed.  
Access to food and to essential services was disrupted during these months with a very 
negative impact on the humanitarian situation of  the most vulnerable. Food supplies were not 
guaranteed in markets and prices were too high for many people. Health centres collapsed as 
their capacities were overstretched. The 2007 cholera (endemic in Guinea) epidemic was 
worst than normal due to the higher vulnerabilit y during this year, with a total of 8,546 cases 
with 310 deaths reported (lethality  rate of 3.6%). The degradation of the health status and the 
poor access to food had had also had a negative impact on the nutritional status of children. 
The last Liberian refugee camps in Guinea ha ve been closed during 2007 and most of the 
refugees have been returned to Liberia but some of them have stayed and opted to be 
integrated within the local communities.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last five years  
Not relevant 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
In June 2007, a € 2,000,000 ad hoc decision with  a duration of 12 mont hs was adopted for 
Guinea to assist the most vulne rable population affected by the in ternal crisis and the events 
of January and February. This decision covers four major sect ors: (1) Improvement of the 
analysis of the humanitarian situ ation through the asse ssment of the nutritiona l situation in the 
country and particularly in Conakry, (2) Im provement of the system to treat acute 
malnutrition through launching and implementing a new protocol at national level including 
community-based therapeutic care and use of ready–to-use food, (3) Emergency cholera 
response through the treatment of  cholera caseloads and through the integration of prevention 
measures in the frontline of the response and (4) Reinforcement of the medical emergency 
system by rehabilitating emergency wards and tr aining of staff in the 10 major hospitals and 
by reinforcing the capacity of the Guinean  Red Cross in terms of first aid. 
In December 2006, a € 2,000,000 ad hoc decision had been adopted – and implemented in 
2007 - for Liberia and Guinea, out of which € 400,000 was earmarked for Guinea to maintain 
assistance to refugees and vulnerable popul ations during 2007. The amount allocated to  
Guinea was used to guarantee the essential hea lth and water and sanitation services for the 
refugee population still li ving in the camps before the closure,  but also to adapt these services 
to those who will be finally integrated in the camps  and to transfer the rest of the services and 
facilities to the local communities. 
EN 28   EN LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country  
The European Commission has finally star ted to implement a project of € 12,000,000 
(9th EDF) to support community rehabilita tion, peace building and income generating 
activities in conflict-aff ected areas of the country. These act ions are including the areas where 
the refugees were settled as well as the areas where refugees are being integrated. 
On the other hand, discussions are in progress to  see how the actions f unded by DG ECHO in 
response to the overall degrada tion of public services  in the country can be considered for 
funding from other programmes of the European  Commission with a longer term approach. 
These actions are focused on the reinforcem ent of the capacities fo r emergencies, the 
treatment of children suffering acute malnutriti on and an integrated ap proach to respond to 
cholera. 
Liberia 
Humanitarian needs 
Since the end of the co nflict in Liberia, the humanitarian needs in th e country have evolved 
greatly. 5 years of continuous support from th e international community have enabled the 
return of IDPs and more than 110,000 refugees in their communities. Over these five years, 
important efforts have been made to support th e resumption of the population access to basic 
services and to provide support to  restart farming activities.  
Today still important efforts are still being made to foster re-i ntegration. However the 
challenges were great and the situation in the count ry is still very difficu lt: (1) full substitution 
remains the main characteristic of the health sect or in the country despite all the efforts of a 
committed Ministry of Health ; (2) the situa tion in the water and sanitation sector has 
improved in areas of return but a lot remains to be done in numerous rural communities as 
well as in urban areas especially Monrovia, where regular cholera outbreaks occur and (3) 
food insecurity is still preval ent in numerous counties though efforts have been made to 
improve the situation. Furthermore acute and chro nic malnutrition rates ar e confirming a very 
slow evolution of the situation in numerous counties while in Monrovia the very difficult 
living conditions in large parts of the city have led to a worrying rise in the global 
acute malnutrition rate i.e. 17% while the aler t level for emergency in tervention is 15%.  
In terms of geographical coverage, the count ry can be divided in to different parts: 
1) The counties considered as the food-basket of th e country namely Lofa, Nimba and Bong. 
These counties have had to deal with a large number of returnees but have been supported by 
the International Community. It is very likely that support will be pursued in these counties 
since they represent import ant development opportunities. 
2) Most of the others counties, except Mont serrado, (the capital county which has its own 
features), are facing a difficult situation sinc e humanitarian needs can be considered as 
chronic. This is particularly true for the south east of the country which has been long 
forgotten.  
EN 29   EN Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Humanitarian aid has evolved fr om direct support to repatria tion of both IDPs and refugees 
and the attempt to resume access to basic servic es, to activities more focused on reintegration 
and restoration of livelihoods.  
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
2007 has seen the end of the repatriation process of refugees and has fo cused on initiating the 
resumption of livelihoods at community level through food assistance and water and 
sanitation interventions. In the health sector the objective was to continue the provision of support and to attempt to secure the basis for a proper hand over of our  support. A total of 
€ 16,600,000, including € 3,000,000 for food aid, was al located in support of vulnerable 
Liberian populations. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
The achievements of the project  supported in 2007 have laid in teresting basis to envisage 
2008 as the year for the phasing out of humanitarian aid in Libe ria. The main features of 
DG ECHO support in 2008, was support for mainly ongoing partners to c onsolidate previous 
interventions and to mainstream the targeting of the 'forgotten' most vulnerable into the development agenda within the maximum pot ential contract duration of 18 months.  
Despite the difficulties encountered with the in adequate staffing in the EC Delegation in 
Monrovia blocking progress to secure a proper LRRD strate gy, some improvement can be 
noted: (1) in the health  sector, ongoing discussion s are taking place, to  secure a link between 
DG ECHO supported interventions and the 10
th EDF. The final outcome of these discussions 
should determine whether humanitarian aid can be  phased out in 2008; (2 ) the LRRD strategy 
in the food security sector has been completed and DG ECHO should be able to phase out from this sector at the e nd of 2008. A first € 4,000,000 call for proposals to be funded from 
the LRRD's budget line of the FSTP (Food Security Thematic Programme) has been launched 
by the EC Delegation. This should be followed in 2009 by the launching of a second and last 
call for € 6,000,000 and (3) in the water and sani tation sector, DG ECHO has contributed to a 
consortium of 5 NGOs which defined a 5-year strategy supported by various donors. This 
intervention enabled the mainstreaming of rema ining humanitarian needs into a 5-year plan 
whose global objective is geared towards development.  
The Sahel region 
Humanitarian needs 
Lessons learned from the nutriti onal crisis in 2005 in Niger and Mali, massive concern over 
the continued very high Global Acute Malnutri tion rates throughout the Sahel (regularly over 
the 15% emergency threshold) and the hangover of the damage done to the coping mechanisms of the most vulnerable households from the 2005 crisis led to the preparation and 
implementation of a Sahel Global Plan for a total of € 25,000,000 (€ 15,000,000 from the 
humanitarian budget and € 10,000,000 from the food aid budget) for acti on to reduce acute 
malnutrition and infant and maternal mortalit y in 5 Sahel countries (Burkina Faso, Chad, 
Mali, Mauritania and Niger). UNICEF estimate th at 4 million children until the age of 5 years 
suffer from chronic under nutriti on with under nutrition being held  responsible for 56% of all 
child deaths. This translates  into the harsh calculation th at half (300,000)  of the 600,000 
EN 30   EN children who die before reaching 5 years of ag e do so from malnutrition or related causes. 
Infant and maternal mortality rates in the Sahel are amongst the worst in the world and without swift and sustainable action the Sahe l will not reach the Mi llennium Development 
Goals (MDG). 
The causes of acute malnutrition in the Sahel are multi-sector and therefore action to deal with 
it needs to be equally multi-sec toral. DG ECHO partners were invited in early 2007 to submit 
concept papers on their actual or proposed work to tackle malnutrition in the Sahel. A total of 
81 such papers were received which showed the extent of the problem and demonstrated the large interest amongst humanitarian actors in acti on to try and resolve th is enormous "silent" 
emergency. It was clear that an integrated  approach involving both humanitarian and 
development aid instruments was needed. DG EC HO's Sahel Global Plan was designed as a 
LRRD (Linking Relief Rehabilitation and De velopment) strategy from the beginning. 
Interventions funded in 2007 ranged from therap eutic and supplementary feeding programmes 
to measures to improve access to primary hea lth care and clean water and activities to 
strengthen coping mechanisms and protect livelihoods. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years  
Experience with activities to respond to the 200 5 nutritional crisis in Ni ger and Mali provided 
DG ECHO with good indicators for a road map to d eal with the similar problems in the other 
countries of the Western Sahel region in 2007. In  Niger, hundreds of thousands of children 
were treated in more than a thousand feed ing centres. Modern nut ritional protocols, 
approaches and products especially the new RU TF (ready to use therapeutic foods) such as 
Plump Nut were introduced and have become nationally adopted. The Government adopted a 
waiver of healthcare user fees for the <5’s and pregnant and lactating women which has since 
become national policy, obligatory since Marc h 2007. International funding levels to sustain 
the massive outside response effort graduall y lessened towards the end of 2006, prompting a 
transition of humanitarian progra mmes into national structures.  
The inadequate nature and scope of early warn ing analysis and response systems, that had 
failed to recognise the full nutritional scope of the crisis, was another fundamental subject of 
the crisis that has become a focus for improvement.  
Humanitarian objectives and achievements  
Around 800 nutritional facilities treated close to 300,000 childre n < 5 in 2007 in Niger, 
receiving important support from DG ECHO (half of the € 25,000,000 mobilised under the 
2007 Sahel Plan, 70% of which for direct nutritiona l care). In order to improve early warning 
information, livelihoods analysis methodologies  that are more sensitive to acute under 
nutrition were introduced and regional linkages developed with expert organisations. In 2007, 
appropriate quality nutrition res ponses and the required specialise d nutritional inputs (such as 
Plump Nut) were scaled up and expanded from Niger to the other 4 main Sahel countries. 
This includes the promotion of lessons learned, the support of effective regional, national and 
local coordination of programmes and informa tion as well as donor coordination, involving 
notably the EC Delegations, the EU Member St ates and other missions such as the World 
Bank as well as regional bodies (ECOWAS, CILSS).  
EN 31   EN LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country  
Malnutrition can only be dealt with in a sustai nable way through an integrated and articulated 
aid strategy involving all aid in struments. DG ECHO's Sahel st rategy was therefore designed 
from the onset as an LRRD strategy i nvolving the Commission's humanitarian and 
development aid instruments. A DG ECHO antenna was set up in the EC Delegation in 
Niamey, Niger and another is planed for th e EC Delegation in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.  
During 2007, a particular effort was therefore made to work closely with the EC Delegations 
and Headquarters services to ensure the incl usion of humanitarian  concerns such as 
malnutrition and high infant and maternal mort ality rates in the Country Strategy Papers 
(CSP) and National Indicative Programmes (NIP ) being prepared for financing under the 10th 
European Development Fund. This was achieved with varying results.  
A continued and sustained effort will be needed to ensure that commitments taken in the CSP 
translate into concrete actions funded in th e NIP. For the Sahel states, progress towards 
achieving Millennium Development Goal (MDG)  n° 1 (reduction of hunger) and MDG n° 4 
and 5 (reduction of infant and maternal mortality) will depend on the success of this articulated approach involving short term action (humanitarian aid) to save lives today while 
at the same time building capaci ty and allocating long term re sources (development aid) to 
tackling under-nutrition in a sustainable way. 
Epidemics (regional) 
Humanitarian Needs 
West African countries are high ly vulnerable to communicable  diseases because of their 
structural weakness, poverty, l ack of basic sanitation facilitie s, low hygiene standards and 
malnutrition. Some of these countries are s till struggling with the aftermath of conflict 
situation. They are par ticularly prone to epidemics of C holera, Meningitis, Lassa and Yellow 
Fever and Hepatitis E. The region is also seeing an increased risk of avian influenza epidemic 
with confirmed animal cases in Niger, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Benin, Ghana and Nigeria 
where the first human case was confirmed in January 2007. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
In February 2006, a € 1,250,000 decision (ECHO/-WF/BUD/2006/01000) was taken to 
respond in a timely and effective way against epid emics in West Africa. This decision lasted 
for 18 months, until August 2007, covering 1 dry season and 2 rainy seasons.  
In 2007, Burkina Faso was ravaged by a large meningitis epidemic reporting more than 
26,000 cases; the WHO operational response to th e epidemic was funde d partially through 
this decision. During the 2007 rainy season, chol era outbreaks occurred in various countries 
including Guinea Conakry, Sierra Leone and Libe ria. Lassa fever cases were reported in 
Liberia and Sierra Leone. None of them required DG ECHO support within the epidemics 
decision. In Togo, DG-ECHO supported WHO for the implementation of a vaccination 
campaign against Yellow Fever. In Liberia, af ter years of vaccination programme disruption, 
a high risk of measles epidemic was contai ned due to DG-ECHO support to the measles 
vaccination campaign of UNICEF.  Rapid evaluation and timely response are important to 
epidemics containment and reducing the risk of  becoming major humanitarian emergencies. 
In this perspective, DG-EC HO funded WHO for the third consecutive year for conducting 
EN 32   EN rapid field risk assessments during the initial phases of the epidemics facilitating the 
operational response and resources mobilization.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
Most African countries s till need external suppo rt to respond in a ti mely manner and/or to 
prevent recurrent epidemics. Outbreak detectio n and control intervention have been improved 
in certain countries mainly due  to better epidemic  surveillance and Early Warning Systems 
but, the availability of donor support has been reduced and Governments contingency plans 
are rare or not sufficiently funded. Health systems still have neither the capacity to absorb the 
increased number of patients nor the resources to respond to the epidem ics using public health 
measures.  
Certain epidemics require a high level of expe rtise which is not avai lable at the country 
level. As such, the recurrent health emergenc ies in most of the Af rican countries need 
considerable and sustainable efforts in terms of coordination, including information 
management, of technical support and of resource mobilization. 
1.1.5. Southern Africa and Indian Ocean 
The socio-economic collapse in Zimbabwe was further compounded by problems common to 
Southern Africa, like high rates of HIV/AIDS, declining soil productivity and erratic rainfall. 
Against this background, DG ECHO's objective wa s to reinforce the coping mechanisms of 
the vulnerable populations, includin g orphans and other vulnerable children, in particular in 
the areas of food security at household leve l, access to safe water and basic sanitation 
facilities, as well as HIV/AIDS prevention. 
Emergency decisions were adopted in response to floods and cyclones affecting Madagascar 
and Mozambique. 
The return of some 60,000 Congolese to DRC was assisted from two camps in Zambia.  
Drought-related food shortages were a ddressed in Lesotho and Swaziland. 
Lesotho / Swaziland 
As a result of severe  drought-related food shorta ges in the countries c oncerned, a total of 
€ 5,819,167 was mobilised from the food aid budget line for food aid, emergency food 
security and nutrition interventions. 
Mozambique 
Humanitarian needs 
Mozambique is a country with an  extremely high level of chro nic vulnerability affecting a 
large proportion of the population. This vulnera bility is compounded by the effects of the 
HIV/AIDS epidemic, as well as various climatic phenomena such as erratic rainfall patterns, cyclones, floods and drought. As in neighbouri ng Madagascar, floods a nd cyclones were a 
major problem in the first part of 2007.  
EN 33   EN Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years   
Not applicable (emergency) 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
A € 2,000,000 primary emergency funding deci sion, adopted in February 2007 provided 
support to alleviating the eff ects of cyclone Favio in central Mozambique by funding health, 
water and sanitation, food aid and logistics interventions. An emergency funding decision, 
also for € 2,000,000 and adopted in February, provi ded support to emergency relief, water and 
sanitation, health and food aid in terventions for vulnerable popul ations affected by flooding in 
the lower Zambezi Valley. This was followed by additional funding of € 3,000,000 in August, with the objective of s upporting the recovery of fl ood-affected populations.  
Zambia 
Humanitarian needs 
Zambia has been one of the major host c ountries for refugees in Africa. With the 
improvement of the political situation in the Democratic  Republic of Congo, it became 
possible to launch the phased repatriation of  some 60,000 Congolese refugees from two 
camps in northern Zambia. The repatriation wa s interrupted by incidents in Goma in August 
2007, but resumed thereafter and is foreseen to continue in 2008. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in 2007   
Not applicable (emergency) 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
A funding decision for € 2,000,000, adopted in A ugust 2007, aimed to support the logistics 
and transport of the first phase of th e repatriation, to be  continued in 2008. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
Not applicable in this particular context. 
Zimbabwe 
Humanitarian needs In 2007 Zimbabwe continued to be immersed in  a profound crisis, further aggravated as of 
July by the Government's price-control policy,  which was intended to curb inflation. The 
policy has, however, had the opposite effect, as  inflation spiralled to over 100,000% by the 
year's end. Furthermore, in addition to the al ready chronic shortages of fuel, spare parts, 
essential drugs, electricity, water and other commodities, the enforced slashing of prices resulted in shelves being emptied overnight, and put many producers and suppliers out of 
business, whilst others suspended production – ev en of basic foodstuffs such as meat and 
milk. The socio-economic collapse is furt her compounded by problems common to the 
Southern African sub-region – high rates of people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS, 
declining soil productivity and erratic rainfall. Despite improved food production in 2006, 
EN 34   EN which was much closer to the needs of the country than in 2005, an estimated 1.9 million 
people were in need of food assistan ce in the agricu ltural season 2006/2007.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
The levels of humanitarian funding have remained  fairly steady over the la st five years, from 
€ 13,000,000 in 2003 to € 15,000,000 in 2004 and 2005, to € 12,000,000 in 2006 and a total 
of € 15,200,000 in 2007. Though efforts have been ma de to try to gradua lly reduce assistance 
in 2006 and 2007, when an initial allocation of  € 8,000,000 was made, the deterioration in the 
humanitarian situation in Zimbabwe has mean t that levels of funding have had to be 
increased.  
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
The principal objective of 2007 humanitarian in terventions was to mitigate the impact of 
socio-economic breakdown in Zimbabwe by rein forcing the coping mechanisms of the 
vulnerable populations. In February 2007 th e Commission adopted a Global Plan for 
Zimbabwe of € 8,000,000 with duration of 18 m onths. Based on the strategy developed by 
DG ECHO and its partners, the Gl obal Plan focused on reinforcing immediate food security 
needs at household level; on increasing access to safe water sources and basic sanitation 
facilities and on provision of an  integrated assistance, in cluding non-food items, water and 
sanitation and HIV/AIDS preventi on to IDPs. Vulnerable groups , including people living with 
HIV/AIDS, orphans and other vul nerable children (OVC) and ID Ps were provided with the 
improved food security conditions; increased access to safe water and sanitation facilities, and 
improved health, hygiene and HIV/AIDS protection knowledge. 
As the humanitarian situation de teriorated in the second half of the year, the Commission in 
December 2007 adopted an additional funding  decision of € 7,200,000 with an increased 
focus on supporting emergency health and epidemic interventions.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
Though the 10th EDF provides an allocation of funding for Zimbabwe, it seems unlikely that 
the CSP will be signed, as development cooperation remains suspended by the Council 
Decision of 18 February 2002. The EC financia l support is re-oriente d to programmes in 
direct benefit of the Zimbabwean population, so cial sectors, democratisation, respect for 
human rights and the rule of law. It is theref ore not possible at this stage to engage in a 
comprehensive LRRD process in Zimbabwe in  the absence of an improvement in and 
stabilization of the political situation. 
Madagascar 
Humanitarian needs 
Madagascar is a country with an extremely hi gh level of chronic vulnerability affecting a 
large proportion of the population. This vulnera bility is compounded by the effects of the 
various climatic phenomena such as erratic rainfall patterns, cyclones, floods and drought. 
Floods and cyclones were a major problem in the first part of 2007.  
EN 35   EN Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Not applicable (emergency) 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
A € 1,500,000 emergency funding decision, adopt ed in March 2007 provided support to 
vulnerable populations affected  by flooding in the nor th-east of the count ry, whilst a second 
€ 1,500,000 emergency decision adopted in April ai med to alleviate the effects of cyclone 
Indlala. Both decisions supported health, water and sanitation, f ood aid and logistics 
interventions.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
Not applicable  
1.2 C ARIBBEAN AND PACIFIC  
Assistance to 50,000 people affected by hurricane  Dean was provided in Belize, Dominica, 
Haiti, Jamaica and St. Lucia, whereas 120,000 hit by tropical storm Noel were assisted in 
Haiti and the Dominican Republic. 
Humanitarian needs remain high in Haiti, where interventions were funded in the sectors of 
health, water, sanitation, f ood and emergency relief items. 
A rapid response was provided to the tsunami in the Solomon Islands.  Funding covered the following issues / countries: 
HUM.AID FOOD AID TOTAL HUM.AID FOOD AID TOTAL
CARRIBEAN / PACIFIC 10.310.000 2.000.000 12.310.000 8.346.474 650.000 8.996.474
Solomon Islands 550.000 550.000 547.939 547.939
Caribbean 7.260.000 7.260.000 5.299.043 5.299.043
Haiti 2.500.000 2.000.000 4.500.000 2.499.492 650.000 3.149.492Country (Region)Funding Decisions adopted in 2007 Agreements signed in 2007
 
1.2.1. Caribbean 
Humanitarian needs 
The Caribbean region is prone to  frequent natural disasters, especially hurricanes and floods, 
which had a great impact in 2007. The region's vulnerability is accentuated by high population density, fast demographic growth a nd great poverty. This results in communities 
with few coping capacities in the event of disaster. In 2007, DG ECHO continued to provide 
community-based Disaster Preparedness, through its DIPECHO programme, as well as 
Emergency Relief.  
EN 36   EN DG ECHO also supported Disa ster Management capacity in the Caribbean via the 
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) throughout 2007 
helping National Red Cross Societies to respond  more effectively to disasters (Decision of 
€ 500,000 adopted 22/12/06). 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Since 2003, DG ECHO has provided all three t ypes of humanitarian aid described above. 
DG ECHO has provided humanitarian assistance for more than € 40,000,000. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
The objective of providing a rapid response to  disasters was met via 2 regional funding 
decisions. Hurricane Dean struck the Caribbean in August 2007, leaving a path of destruction 
that affected several Caribbean islands, as well as Belize. The hurricane’s impact left 
thousands of poor families in need of emerge ncy assistance. DG ECHO's Emergency decision 
supported relief actions in Belize, Dominica, Haiti, Jamaica and St Lucia, assisting 50,000 
people. Projects provided liv elihood support for hundreds of farmers and fishermen, 
reconstruction in the health se ctor (especially in Jamaica) and distributions of food and 
essential relief items. (Total funding of € 3,000,000 supported these actions.) 
There was also an Emergency decision post-Trop ical Storm Noel for Haiti and the Dominican 
Republic. At the end of October and early in November 2007, the island of Hispaniola was 
severely affected by the passage  of Tropical Storm Noel, follo wed by a low pressure system 
(a "Tropical Wave") producing more heavy rainfa ll. Both storms caused devastation in the 
Dominican Republic and Haiti, with huge pers istent floods and mudslides. The emergency 
decision of € 2,500,000 adopted on 13 December,  assisted 120,000 people with emergency 
assistance in the sectors of food; non-food it ems; water; sanitation; health; livelihoods; 
agricultural and emer gency rehabilitation. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
After Hurricane Dean, some European Developmen t Funds were allocated to rehabilitation in 
Jamaica and to banana recovery  in Dominica and St Lucia. 
Dominican Republic 
Humanitarian needs 
There are frequent natural disa sters affecting vulnerable people , as described above for the 
region. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
DG ECHO provides Technical Assist ance for all humanitarian aid operations in the Caribbean 
region, from its office in Sant o Domingo. DG ECHO was first presen t in the region in Haiti in 
1994, and since 1998 has been based in the Domini can Republic. Essential services of need 
assessment, monitoring and di saster response are provided. 
EN 37   EN Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
The first response to Tropical Storm Noel wa s a Primary Emergency decision adopted in 
November 2007 for the Dominican Republic alone (€ 1,500,000). This decision helped to meet urgent needs, including support for the Pa n American Health Orga nization to undertake 
fumigation and destruction of rats, in response to  dengue fever and leptospirosis, in close co-
operation with the national authorities. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
In the above operations there were component s linking relief to development, such as 
rehabilitation of sewage systems and donati on of water equipment. DG ECHO works closely 
with other Commission services, which are undertaking Disaster prevention and Risk 
reduction programmes in the region. 
Haiti 
Humanitarian needs 
Haiti is considered to be a fragile state, which is struggling to increase its stability and to 
improve its economic performance. It suffers bot h from structural problems that cause severe 
poverty and from regular livelihood crises. Access to most basic public se rvices, like health 
services or safe drinking water, is comparable  to the severest cases in Sub-Saharan Africa. 
The food security of most households is direct ly linked to recurrent natural disasters (i.e. 
hurricane, flood and environment depredation) that  strike the country ev ery year. The country 
is not only affected by flash floods , but is also in the path of Atlantic Storms from June to 
November. The 2007 Atlantic season  was particularly bad with mi d-size events registered in 
the whole country. Floods in the South, Centre, West and North-Eastern part of the country 
have taken a huge toll on the liv elihoods of the population (i.e. ha rvests lost, cat tle killed and 
back gardens destroyed). An Evaluation f unded by DG ECHO in 2007 showed Under-5 
Mortality of 86/1,000 and national acute malnutr ition of over 9%, with entire Departments at 
12-18%.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Between 1995 and 2007 over € 49,000,000 was alloca ted to Haiti by DG ECHO. Concerning 
recent years, in 2004 and 2005 € 8,500,000 in humanitarian aid was provided by DG ECHO in response to the socio-economic crisis, includ ing Emergency Health and Protection. In 2006 
there was an emergency flood response. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
There were 2 funding decisions for flood re lief in Haiti in 2007: € 1,500,000 in January and 
€ 1,000,000 in November. Assistance was provided in the sectors of health, water, sanitation, 
food and emergency relief items. Haiti also  had funding (€ 2,000,000) under DG ECHO's 2nd 
Food Aid decision 2007. Food security, Commun ity Therapeutic Care and Malnutrition 
programmes were also provided. 
EN 38   EN LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
DG ECHO works closely with other Commission services, wh ich are undertaking Disaster 
prevention and Risk reduction programmes in the region. 
1.2.2. Pacific region 
The Pacific region experienced many natural disa sters, especially cyclones, earthquakes and 
floods. In 2007 DG ECHO provided emerge ncy relief to the Solomon Islands. 
Solomon Islands 
Humanitarian needs 
In April 2007 an underwater ear thquake of magnitude 8.1 caused a tsunami of several meters 
hitting the Solomon Islands. The tsunami reach ed the shore within 3 minutes. The waves 
crashed into some of the western islands and di saster warnings were issued across the Pacific 
region. There were 18 aftershocks with magn itude higher than 5.0. Whilst only the initial 
shock was strong enough to generate a sign ificant tsunami, the other earthquakes caused 
further damage, particularly to structures that were already damaged from the initial shock. 
The death toll was at least 52, and there were  many displaced and homeless people, requiring 
urgent assistance. Approximately 50,000 people we re affected out of a total population of 
552,438. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
DG ECHO provided a rapid respons e to the Solomon Islands Tsunami, leading to an 
Emergency decision (€ 550,000) to a ssist 5,000 people in the sectors of shelter, health, water, 
sanitation, education and relief items. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
In the above operations, there were components linking relief to development were provided 
such as the donation of water a nd sanitation equipment, training of maintenance teams, rain 
harvesting systems and community preparedness  for child trauma response to disasters. 
EN 39   EN 2. EASTERN EUROPE , RUSSIAN FEDERATION , SOUTHERN CAUCASUS , 
CENTRAL ASIA, INCLUDING MONGOLIA  
The situation in this geographical region is char acterised by an overall positive evolution of 
the protracted crises that ha ve required a Commission humanita rian intervention in the past 
years, allowing an exit strategy expressed in: a reduction of the size of the humanitarian aid 
programme (phasing down –for example in the Caucasus), an end of humanitarian aid 
(phasing out –like in Tajikistan) as well as a process of hand-over to development-oriented 
instruments (LRRD- in Georgia and Tajikistan).  
At the same time, the region remains vulnerable to hazards to which national structures do not 
always provide a sufficient response capacity an d which the more vulnera ble segments of the 
population do not have the coping mechanisms to  overcome. In those cases, DG ECHO stands 
ready to intervene on the basis of humanitarian  needs assessments (e.g. in Moldova in 2007).  
Funding in this geographical region was to pr ovide humanitarian assistance in the following 
countries / areas: 
HUM.AID FOOD AID TOTAL HUM.AID FOOD AID TOTAL
NIS 22.500.000 3.307.118 25.807.118 23.421.931 3.185.531 26.607.462
Caucasus, Northern (Chechnya) 17.500.000 3.307.118 20.807.118 17.580.087 3.185.531 20.765.618
Caucasus, South (Georgia) 2.000.000 2.000.000 2.791.844 2.791.844
Moldova 3.000.000 3.000.000 3.000.000 3.000.000
Tajikistan 50.000 50.000Country (Region)Funding Decisions adopted in 2007 Agreements signed in 2007
 
Northern Caucasus  
Humanitarian needs 
According to DG ECHO's Global Needs Assessm ent, Chechnya is still ranked among the 
areas with great vulnerability and is likely to rema in a forgotten crisis, even if the severity of 
the crisis has decreased.  
Entirely destroyed by two devastating conflicts, Chechnya is now recovering and engaged in a 
significant reconstruction proce ss focusing largely on the physical  rehabilitation of buildings 
and infrastructure and does not  target the most vulnerable populations, whose humanitarian 
needs remain often unattended. 
Although there is still a heavy m ilitary presence and attacks ta rgeting security forces, the 
conflict is virtually over and most of the peopl e displaced in the region have come back to 
rebuild their lives. Human rights organisations c ontinue to report severe  violations of human 
rights, notably abductions, tortur e and fabricated judici ary cases, but in d ecrease with regard 
to the previous years.  
EN 40   EN The reconstruction effort star ted in 2006 focused largely on the physical rehabilitation of 
buildings and infrastructure and does not target the most vulnerable populations, whose 
humanitarian needs remain often unattended.  
According to DG ECHO's Global Needs Asse ssment, Chechnya is still ranked among the 
areas with great vulnerability and is likely to rema in a forgotten crisis, even if the severity of 
the crisis has decreased. 
While security in Chechnya has very signifi cantly improved for the civilian population, the 
situation in the rest of the re gion has steadily deteriorated in the last few years, notably in 
Ingushetia, but with no notic eable humanitarian impact. 
The situation for the Chechen refugees hosted in  Azerbaijan did not change in 2007 and they 
remain a forgotten and under-ass isted caseload with significan t protection problems and no 
durable solutions in sight, which just ified a continued support from DG ECHO.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last five years 
The Commission has been supporting victims in  the Northern Caucasus since the beginning 
of the Chechen conflict. However, recent socio-economic improvements and the successful implementation of reconstruction projects mean  that the Commission is now able to begin 
phasing out its activities. Five  years ago, the humanitarian assistance provided by DG ECHO 
was covering most humanitarian sectors including food aid, non food items, water and 
sanitation and medical activities. Nowadays, assistance is focusing on those sectors (with 
incomplete LRRD process) and those areas (i n particular those which have been more 
recently accessible) where needs remain.  
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
This forgotten humanitarian crisis was one of  DG ECHO’s operational priorities in 2007, with 
funding totalling € 20,807,118. The European Commi ssion continued to be the main donor in 
the region.  
DG ECHO concentrated its effort s on the most urgent needs of the population, i.e. protection 
(including for Internally Displaced Persons (ID Ps) in Ingushetia and Dagestan and for the 
refugees from Chechnya hosted in Azerbaijan  and in Georgia, who represent forgotten 
caseloads), shelter for those still displaced within Chechnya and food security as well as 
support to livelihoods, notably for those who are excluded from food aid lists and for those 
returning to their homes . Considering the very poor health status of the population, specific 
programmes continued to be supported in area s where the Government  was not covering the 
needs, notably with regard to mother and ch ild healthcare and support to handicapped people. 
DG ECHO continued also to pay sp ecific attention to children, who suffered tremendously in 
this conflict, in particular th rough psycho-social assistance.  
Difficulties to enter Chechnya remained a c oncern for several DG ECHO partners, less for 
security reason than because of the Russian Authorities' administrative procedures (e.g. 
stricter rules on visa).  
EN 41   EN LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
DG ECHO has engaged in LRRD discussions with local authorities in Chechnya and 
Ingushetia, directly and through it s partners, which resulted in th e authorities agreeing to take 
over activities in water and sa nitation, basic education and pa rtly psycho-social support to 
children.  
The special TACIS programme of € 20,000,000 for the North Caucasus, which was supposed 
to start in 2006, was signed one  year later by the Russian side  and projects started in 2007. 
However, no real LRRD process will take plac e as the activities funde d by TACIS only partly 
correspond to the priorities suggested by DG ECHO due to political considerations, and no 
further specific assistance programme for th e North Caucasus will be implemented beyond 
this TACIS allocation.  
Southern Caucasus (Georgia) 
Humanitarian needs 
In Georgia, DG ECHO gradually started the handing over of its activities to other 
Commission services, which are focusing on re habilitation and development programmes. 
DG ECHO phased out from Wester n Georgia. However, humanitarian needs remained in 
Abkhazia due to the unresolved co nflict with Georgia and the international isolation of this 
de-facto independent republic.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last five years 
Due to the unresolved and forgotten character of the conflict, the humanitarian assistance 
provided by DG ECHO, amounting € 2,000,000 over the last three years, has not evolved.  
Five years ago, the humanitarian assistance pr ovided by DG ECHO was mainly composed of 
food aid, non food items, water and sanitation and medical activities. No wadays, assistance is 
focusing only on the areas of remaining greatest needs such as liveli hood support activities, 
shelter and protection.  
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
With € 2,000,000 funding, DG ECHO provided assist ance in two main types of activities 
aimed at improving living conditions for the most vulnerable segments of the population in Abkhazia and helped them regain a minimum of self-sufficiency: food security/income 
generation projects and the improvement of shel ter conditions, especially for returnees.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
An EC rehabilitation programme for A bkhazia funded under the new European 
Neighbourhood Policy has been agreed. Once imple mentation is underway, this should allow 
DG ECHO to phase out from Abkhazia, provid ed the situation does not deteriorate.  
EN 42   EN Moldova  
Humanitarian needs 
In 2007, Moldova was hit by a se vere drought, which affected  80% of the country. The 
drought inflicted serious damage to  the agricultural sector and in  particular was a harsh blow 
for the most vulnerable small farmers who depend on livestock and home gardens.  
In a country which is the poores t in Europe, where 61 % of th e population live in  rural areas 
and the majority of urban dwellers  have relatives in villages, the availability of grain stocks in 
peasant farms is not only an insurance reserve (seeds, flour and bread) for themselves, but in 
lean years it also provides a buffer for urban relatives against bread price increases in cities. 
The reduced availability  of water has also sharply decreased household production from home 
gardens, a key source of food staples for almost  all rural families. In addition, the lack of 
pasture and fodder and the need to purchase ex pensive food to replace that no longer being 
produced in the gardens, has forced a large numbe r of households to sell part of their livestock 
for cash for food purchasing in the short term. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last five years 
Not relevant: one-off intervention. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
The objective of DG ECHO funding in Moldova in  2007 (€ 3,000,000) has been to ensure the 
availability of food for small- scale farmers and agricultural work ers in the southern districts 
of Moldova, through assistance aiming at mainta ining the remaining livestock assets. The 
priority before and over the coming winter was to preserve what is left of livestock assets by 
distributing fodder and feedstuffs to small-s cale farmers and agricultural workers. A re-
assessment of the humanitarian situ ation has been foreseen in 2008.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
The provision of humanitarian aid was needed due to the pa rticular acuteness of the 2007 
drought. A more structural food security approach is needed to tackle the challenges of the 
agricultural sector and DG ECHO is advocating that such approach be adopted by instruments 
under the European Neighbouring Policy.  
Tajikistan 
Humanitarian needs 
Tajikistan continues to recover from the disast rous effects of civil war from 1992 to 1997, and 
drought between 1999 and 2001. Progre ss has, however, been made over the last few years in 
terms of both political stability and strong ec onomic growth which allow the phasing out of 
DG ECHO intervention from this country.  
EN 43   EN Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last five years  
The Commission has been providing humanitarian  aid to Tajikistan for total funding of 
€ 39,000,000 since 2002.  
In 2003 a three-year phasing out strategy was decided and effectively put in place resulting in 
completing DG ECHO humanitarian  aid while support in disast er preparedness continued 
through the DIPECHO Action Plans. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
In May 2006, the European Commission adopted its final package of huma nitarian assistance 
in favour of vulnerable populations in Tajikis tan. This last decision (€ 5,000,000) financed 
operations in health, water and sanitation, and food assistance sectors, which were 
implemented during the last semester 2006 a nd the first semester  2007. DG ECHO continues 
to remain active in Tajikistan through its DIPECHO Action Plan fo r Central Asia, and 
continues to closely monitor the human itarian situation in Tajikistan.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
With the end of DG ECHO funding, some of thes e interventions succeeded to be financed by 
other European Commission cooperation instruments.  
EN 44   EN 3. MEDITERRANEAN AND MIDDLE EAST  
In 2007, DG ECHO continued its large-scale in tervention in response to the humanitarian 
needs of the Palestinian populatio ns affected by the further aggravated crisis, both in the 
occupied Palestinian territori es as well as in Lebanon.  
In addition, increased humanitari an needs linked to the crisis in Iraq prompted a humanitarian 
response inside Iraq as well as in neighbouri ng countries, host to a la rge refugee caseload.  
The response to man-made disast ers continued in the region with  the provision of assistance 
to the Sahrawi refugees in Algeria, and with a small-scale response to the situation in Yemen.  
Funding in these regions was to provide humanita rian assistance in resp ect of the following 
crises: 
HUM.AID FOOD AID TOTAL HUM.AID FOOD AID TOTAL
MIDDLE EAST& 
MEDITERRANEAN70.790.000 28.300.000 99.090.000 80.143.742 24.550.000 104.693.742
West Bank & Gaza
 (Palestinian population)36.700.000 23.300.000 60.000.000 35.185.000 22.800.000 57.985.000
Lebanon, Syria and Jordan
(Palestinian Refugees)10.300.000 10.300.000 23.535.084 23.535.084
Iraq Crisis 17.800.000 17.800.000 11.676.259 11.676.259
Western Sahara 5.000.000 5.000.000 10.000.000 8.757.399 1.750.000 10.507.399
Yemen 990.000 990.000 990.000 990.000Country (Region)Funding Decisions adopted in 2007 Agreements signed in 2007
 
Occupied Palestinian Territories (W est Bank and Gaza Strip), Lebanon, 
Jordan and Syria (Palestinian crisis) 
Humanitarian needs  
Over seven years of conflict following the start of  the second intifada, th e further deterioration 
of the economic and social conditions in the oc cupied Palestinian terr itories, and exacerbated 
inter-factional clashes have had a serious impact  on the coping mechanisms of the Palestinian 
population, making ever larger segments of th e population dependent on humanitarian aid. 
Throughout 2007, the growing closure and restrictions on movement in the West Bank as well 
as the ongoing construction of the separation barrier in the West Bank and around East 
Jerusalem have continued aggravating the daily living conditions of Palestinians in the West 
Bank. The blockade of the Gaza Strip following Hamas takeover of the coastal territory in 
June 2007, including strict limitations on pow er supplies to Gaza imposed by Israeli 
authorities, plunged the strip into a deep socio-economic crisis.  
In Lebanon and, to a much lesser extent in Jordan  and Syria, Palestinian refugees continue to 
live in refugee camps in precarious hygiene and sanitation conditions and in dilapidated, often 
life-threatening shelte rs, with little attention from the international donor community. 
EN 45   EN Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last five years 
The Commission has been providing humanitarian  aid to the Palestinia ns since the outbreak 
of the second Intifada, with a total f unding of € 257,950,000 from 2003. The aid provided has 
kept up with developments on the ground, such as  the steady aggravation of the crisis, the 
contributions of other donors to cover differe nt types of needs, upsurges of humanitarian 
needs (e.g. increased humanitarian needs due to the suspension of other forms of assistance 
following the Hamas' victory in the Palestinia n Legislative Council elec tions in January 2006) 
and DG ECHO’s own assessment of the needs and that of other organisations as well as 
implementing conditions on the ground.  
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
The European Commission made available in 2007 € 70,300,000 for human itarian operations 
benefiting Palestinians in the Palestinian Terri tories, and Palestinian refugees in Lebanon and 
Jordan, especially the victims of  the conflict in and around the Na hr el Bared refugee camp in 
Lebanon.  
The bulk of the funds, over € 60,000,000, went to operations in the West Bank and the Gaza 
Strip in the following sectors: food; health; water and sanitation; te mporary job creation; 
protection; shelter rehabilitation; psycho-social  support, and co-ordinat ion. A substantial part 
of the funds went to operations targeting be neficiaries affected by the construction of the 
barrier on Palestinian land.  
For Palestinian refugees in Lebanon, hospitals managed by the Palestinian Red Crescent 
Society were provided with adequate safety standards, as well as a quantity of quality water. Services to disabled persons, the elderly a nd children were funded, as well as protection 
activities. In Lebanon, Jordan and Syria, funds  were earmarked for the rehabilitation of 
dilapidated, unsafe and unhealthy shelters.  
The Commission's response to the humanitarian  crisis in and around the Nahr el Bared 
refugee camp in Lebanon has been prompt and substantial. Operations addressed 
humanitarian needs of the affected population in the following sectors: rubble clearance, 
shelter, water and sanitation, emergency health  needs (including psycho -social support), and 
the provision of f ood and non-food items.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
In view of the overall political context, L RRD was still not an op tion for the Palestinian 
Territories in 2007. However, full co-ordination was ensured with more development-oriented 
Community instruments and funding, particularly in the food and health sectors. Consistency 
and complementarity with operations in favour of  Palestinian refugees in Jordan, Lebanon and 
Syria funded under other budget lines were also ensured. 
EN 46   EN Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Turkey and Lebanon (Iraqi crisis)  
Humanitarian needs  
Since the 2003 war and the fall of the Hussein regime, the Republic of Iraq has been faced 
with a dire security situation characterized by growing sectarian vi olence and an ongoing 
asymmetric warfare. In particular, Central an d South Iraq suffer from significant instability, 
where clashes between Sunni and Shi'a commun ities as well as among the Shi'ites continue 
unabated. Violent deaths are a daily occurren ce and, although attacks on the Multi-National 
Force Iraq (MNFI) and bomb explos ions have been reduced in the second half of 2007, there 
are several dozen violent deaths per day. This unremitting violence inside Iraq has led to continued mass internal and external displacem ent affecting much of the surrounding region. 
A significant proportion of the internally di splaced and of the refugees has run out of 
resources, leaving them and their host communiti es increasingly vulnerable, and the arrival of 
refugees in neighbouring countries has put a si gnificant strain on the infrastructure of host 
countries and on the provision of basic servi ces such as water, sanitation, health, and 
education.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last five years 
In response to a growing protection crisis and increasing humanitarian needs inside Iraq, and a 
major refugee crisis in neighbouring countries, DG ECHO allocated in 2007 € 17,800,000 for 
the Iraqi crisis.  
This is the first re-engagement of the Commis sions' humanitarian aid department with Iraq 
since the phase out of its operations in Iraq following the 2003 Iraq war (for which 
€ 100,000,000 were allocated).  
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
To address the most urgent hum anitarian needs of Iraqi ref ugees in the Iraq neighbouring 
countries, notably Jordan and Syria, DG ECHO has provided a to tal of € 10,000,000 in 2007, 
aiming at achieving protection a nd provided assistance to the mo st vulnerable refugees. This 
sum was supplemented by € 35 million from the DC I budget line allocated to assist Jordan 
and Syria in coping with the influx of Iraqi  refugees at the end of 2007. These funds 
contributed to finance the provision of basic heal th, water and sanitation as well as social and 
education services, including the distri bution of food and basic household items. 
The population of Iraq, and notably  IDPs in Iraq, have been assisted through a humanitarian 
aid decision of € 7,800,000, mostly implemente d by the International Committee of the Red 
Crescent (ICRC) to cover protection and basic hu manitarian assistance needs. It has to be 
noted that, while there are significant human itarian needs, there are also significant 
impediments to the delivery of hu manitarian aid inside Iraq, i.e.  severe security concerns and 
problems of access, that prevent the Commissi on from allocating funds commensurate to the 
level of needs.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
Given the overall volatile situation in Iraq, and the lack of perspective on the refugee situation 
in neighbouring countries, LRRD wa s not an option for the Iraqi crisis in 2007. However, full 
EN 47   EN co-ordination and consistency was ensured w ith more development-oriented Community 
instruments and funding.  
EN 48   EN Algeria – Sahrawi refugees 
Humanitarian needs 
Sahrawi refugees who have lived for the past 30 years in camps in the desert in the South-
Western Algerian region of Tindouf continue d to substantially depend on international 
humanitarian assistance to cover basic needs in  all sectors (food, hea lth, water and sanitation, 
shelter, hygiene, education). According to  DG ECHO’s classification, the humanitarian 
situation of the Sahrawi refug ees in the Tindouf camps amounts to a forgotten crisis, with 
only a handful of institutional donors providing hu manitarian aid. In contrast to this limited 
institutional donor interest, there is a large suppo rt from European civi l society organisations 
and regional authorities (m ostly, but not exclusively, from Spain and Italy).  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last five years 
The Commission has been providing  humanitarian aid to the Sahr awi refugees since the early 
1990s. Between 2003 and 2007, a total of € 43,000,000 was funded.  
Whilst remaining at a steady level, which reflects  the relative stability of the crisis, the aid 
provided has kept up with developments on the ground, such as the contributions of other 
donors to cover different types of needs, ups urges of humanitarian needs (such as the 
February 2006 flash floods) and DG ECHO’s own assessment of the needs and that of other 
organisations as well as implementing conditions on the ground.  
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
In 2007, humanitarian assistance allocations re mained at the same level of 2006 (if we 
exclude the exceptional primary emergency response of € 900,000 to the February 2006 
floods) and was provided from two sources: € 5,000,000 were allocated under the second food 
aid decision of 2007 to provide for basi c food assistance (through the World Food 
programme) and for fresh food to complement and diversify the food intake of refugees 
especially on micro-nutrients and vitami ns. Another € 5,000,000 of humanitarian aid was 
approved in July 2007 to cover basic needs of refugees such  as non-food items (hygiene and 
shelter-tents), water, sanita tion and health. Based on the e xperience gained in 2006, the 
funding decision pursues the objective of im proving sector-wide approaches, including 
coordination, to respond to the humanitarian ne eds of the refugees, notably in health, water 
and nutrition/food.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
Although LRRD is not applicable in the circumst ances prevailing in the refugee camps, there 
is an ongoing project, funded by EuropeAid Co-operation Office under the “NGO co-
financing” programme which provides for veterina ry services in the camps. As the main local 
coping mechanism for the refugees is herding, th ese services are an important complement to 
the humanitarian assistance provided 
EN 49   EN Yemen 
Humanitarian needs 
Yemen is a country with a great degree of vul nerability due to the widespread poverty, low 
human development indicators, and a history of humanitarian  crises –both man-made and 
resulting from natural disasters. In addition, Yemen is host to a siz eable refugee population 
from the Horn of Africa, notably from Somalia.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last five years  
The DG ECHO's assistance to Yemen in th e last five years was of € 8,500,000. Recent 
interventions in this country have aimed at tackling extreme vulnerabilities notably in rural 
areas, through interventions in health and wate r and sanitation, as well  as support to most 
vulnerable segments of the population such as re fugees from the Horn of Africa and street 
children. An independent evaluation conducte d in 2005 recommended that a gradual phase-
out from Yemen take place, as the humanitarian  aid interventions were reaching the limit of 
addressing more long-term development needs as follows:  
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
Although no funding was provided in 2006 for Yeme n, a funding decision adopted at the end 
of December 2005 financed health and water and sanitation interventions in poor rural 
communities. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the situation (undertaken by officials from headquarters as well as experts from th e Regional support office at the end of 2006 and 
beginning of 2007), and in line with the reco mmendations of the 2005 evaluation, a funding 
decision was adopted in 2007 to respond to two sets  of needs. First of all, the provision of 
basic assistance to the most vulnerable amongst  the Horn of Africa refugees, living in the 
Kharaz camp absorbed most of the funds a llocated under the decision. Second, two small-
scale interventions were funded in the wate r and sanitation sector to ensure some 
sustainability to the prev iously funded projects.  
In addition to this funding, the situation in th e Northern governorates  of Yemen was closely 
monitored as the low intens ity conflict raging in the ar ea flared up. After thorough 
consideration, the mobilisation of humanitari an funds was not considered necessary.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
The assistance provided in the past years was very much an LRRD intervention and linkages 
were sought with the authorities as well as  other donors including the EC. The phasing-out 
from Yemen can be considered as having b een completed, although a re-intervention in 
response to punctual needs (such as those of ref ugees, a natural disaster, or a conflict) cannot 
be excluded.  
EN 50   EN 4. ASIA 
In 2007, humanitarian and food aid interventions were funded in 33 countries in Asia, through 
the adoption of 19 funding decisions for a total amount of € 109,800,6956 which represented 
14% of the total budget committed by DG ECHO. 
EC humanitarian assistance was provided and/ or implemented in the following countries: 
HUM.AID FOOD AID TOTAL HUM.AID FOOD AID TOTAL
SOUTH EAST & EAST ASIA 27.245.695 2.500.000 29.745.695 30.751.822 2.500.000 33.251.822
Burma/Myanmar/Thailand 18.000.000 1.000.000 19.000.000 16.210.000 1.000.000 17.210.000
Indonesia 1.600.000 1.600.000 1.589.889 1.589.889
East Timor 1.500.000 1.500.000 3.000.000 1.350.000 1.500.000 2.850.000
North Korea 2.000.000 2.000.000 6.892.826 6.892.826
Philippines 2.145.695 2.145.695 2.710.000 2.710.000
Vietnam 2.000.000 2.000.000 1.999.107 1.999.107
SOUTH & SOUTH WEST ASIA 69.555.000 10.500.000 80.055.000 57.379.318 10.499.992 67.879.310
Afghanistan/Pakistan /Iran 21.000.000 6.000.000 27.000.000 20.499.070 5.999.992 26.499.062
Bangladesh 9.925.000 9.925.000 8.924.139 8.924.139
India 2.630.000 2.630.000 2.230.000 2.230.000
Nepal 4.500.000 1.500.000 6.000.000 4.500.000 1.500.000 6.000.000
Sri Lanka 12.000.000 3.000.000 15.000.000 11.228.747 3.000.000 14.228.747
Regional South Asia 19.500.000 19.500.000 9.997.362 9.997.362
TOTAL ASIA 96.800.695 13.000.000 109.800.695 88.131.140 12.999.992 101.131.132Country (Region)Agreements signed in 2007 Funding Decisions adopted in 2007
 
4.1. SOUTH EAST AND EAST ASIA 
The peaceful demonstrations of monks in the st reets of the main citie s of Burma/Myanmar in 
August followed by the violent crackdown ordere d by the junta were the main the political 
events of the year in South East and Far Ea st Asia. Also worth me ntioning is the Joint 
Agreement of February in th e six-Party Talks paving the wa y for the denuclearisation of 
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the tension created by the parliamentary 
elections in Timor Leste in April and June. 
Overall DG ECHO supported victims of protracted  crises and natural di sasters in the region 
for an amount of around € 30,000,000. The bulk of DG ECHO's support went to the 
vulnerable population of Burma/Myanmar and the Burmese refugees living in camps in 
Thailand with an amount of € 19,000,000. The IDPs victims of the 2006 riots in Timor Leste 
received support worth € 3,000,000. As usual for the region, responses to natural disasters 
were a regular occurrence.  
                                                      
6 Of which € 96.8 M humanitarian aid budget line; € 13 M food aid budget line. A Dipecho decision for 
South Asia is to be added (€ 7,500,000) – see part on Dipecho activities. 
EN 51   EN The major interventions took place in Vietnam after typhoon Lekima and subsequent floods 
in October and November and in DPRK in res ponse to the torrential floods of August for € 
2,000,000 in each country. DG ECHO also intervened  twice in Indonesia for a total amount of 
€ 1,600,000 and additional support was provided to IDP victims of the 2006 typhoon in the Philippines. 
Next year, the situation of the vulnerable population of Burm a/Myanmar and of the Burmese 
refugees in Thailand will remain DG ECHO's priority in the region, while DG ECHO's phase 
out from DPRK is foreseen for May 2008 but continuous support is fo reseen for IDPs in 
Timor Leste. As in previous years, ECHO will continue to respond to medium and large-scale 
natural disasters. 
Burma/Myanmar 
Humanitarian needs 
In Burma/Myanmar, ruled by a military regime since 1962, forced village relocations and 
ongoing armed resistance by ethnic minorities ha ve led to an exodus  of refugees to 
neighbouring countries (over 150,0 00 in Thailand and 28,000 rema ining in Bangladesh). In 
Northern Rakhine State 236,000 returnees of th e Muslim minority have now gone back to 
Burma/Myanmar, but they do not enjoy any citi zenship rights. In other border States and 
Divisions adjoining Thailand, there is an  estimated number of over 500,000 internally 
displaced persons. The situation in the health se ctor is extremely precarious with one of the 
lowest per capita government expenditures in th e world. The under-five mortality rate is 108 
per 1,000 live births and over 35% of childre n under five are underweight. The water and 
sanitation problems are also very acute. The main causes of premature death are malaria, 
HIV/AIDS, acute respiratory infections and diarrhoeal diseases (only 66% of rural 
populations have access to safe  water and 57% to safe sa nitation). The crackdown on the 
street protests led by Buddhist monks last August and September and the regime's retaliation 
afterwards did not worsen the humanitarian situation in the co untry and the influx of Burmese 
refugees into neighbouring Bangladesh and Thaila nd did not take place either. Because of the 
political situation, under the EU Common Pos ition only humanitarian assistance can be 
implemented. The Regulation renewing Sanction s against Burma/Myanmar were renewed and 
should be strengthened in 2008. Most other donors ar e also reluctant to pr ovide support in that 
context and official development assistance per capita is very low (a round € 2/person).  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Since 2003, DG ECHO allocated over € 36 million to the most vulnerable people within 
Burma. In response to the growing humanita rian challenges, the annual allocation was 
increased gradually from € 5,300,000 to € 9,500,000 in 2007. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
In 2007 DG ECHO’s activities in Burma/Myanmar continued to be based on three main 
sectors: protection, health, wa ter and sanitation, nutrition and food aid. In the health sector 
activities continued to focus on access to pr imary health care and on malaria control 
programmes, since malaria is the largest sing le cause of death am ong children under five 
(over 150,000 people were treated for mala ria through projects funded by DG ECHO).  
EN 52   EN In the water and sanitation sector, the aim was to improve access to drinking water and reduce 
the level of water-borne diseases, such as diarrhoea and chronic malnutrition. This was 
complemented by targeted nutrition pr ogrammes which treated over 17,000 acute 
malnourished children and women and food  aid activities benefiting 33,000 people. 
DG ECHO also funded activities to protect civilians and pr isoners through the work of 
UNHCR and the ICRC. 
DG ECHO gave priority to the highly vulnerable border groups, notably to those living in 
remote rural areas on the borders with Banglad esh, India, China and Thailand, those lacking 
access to basic social services or those suffe ring discrimination on ethnic (Mon and Karen 
minorities) or religious grounds (the Muslim Rakhine in Northern Rakhine State). In 2007 
€ 18,000,000 were allocated for vulnerable peopl e in Burma/Myanmar and for Burmese 
refugees in Thailand.  
This funding enables the rehabi litation or installation of basi c water and sanitation systems 
and hygiene trainings, continued support for the fi ght against malaria, mobile supplementary 
feeding centres to he lp about 10,000 children and more than 2,000 pregnant or lactating 
women. Protection activities for detainees ta ke also place. Furthermore under food aid, 
€ 1,000,000 was allocated to address the food security needs of 149,000 ex-poppy growing 
households in Shan State.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
Given the current EU Common Position, LRRD ca nnot be fully applied in Burma/Myanmar, 
but good coordination exists with the Uproot ed People instrument managed by DG for 
External Relations/EuropeAid Co-Operation Offi ce to complement these activities and avoid 
duplication. For example a nutriti on programme in Northern Rakhi ne State is completed by a 
food security programme funded through th is budget line. In 2007, DG for External 
Relations/EuropeAid Co-operation Office launche d a Food Security Thematic Programme of 
€ 8,000,000 for four years – providing further opportunities for LRRD. Funds are also 
allocated to the Three Disease Fund for tuberculosis, malaria and HIV-AIDS through the first 
ever approved Multi-Indicative Programm e (MIP) for Burma/Myanmar (€ 18,000,000 over 
four years).  
Thailand 
Humanitarian needs 
The number of Burmese refugees along the Thailand-Burma border has increased from 
10,000 in 1984 to 142,000 in December 2007. A conti nuing low-intensity conflict between 
ethic groups (notably of Karenni  and Karen origin) and the mili tary regime in Yangon has led 
to a steady flow of refugees (600 to 800 per month over the past few years).  
Since 2006 resettlement opportunities in third count ries have been offered to refugees while 
new arrivals enter regularly the 9 camps along the Thai Burma border, where the refugees' 
dependence on external aid is almost total. Resettlement options are,  however, not popular 
among the refugees who would prefer returnin g to Burma/Myanmar one day or integrating 
into Thai society. The majority of these ref ugees have now been living in the camps for over 
20 years, where they are subject to a number of  significant restrictions  and abuses and their 
quality of life is very precarious.  
EN 53   EN On top of the basic humanitarian needs (she lter, food, health care, water and sanitation), 
social and psychological problems are increasin g, as well as violence within the camps and 
trafficking outside. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Given the political stalemate in Burma/Myan mar, refugees living in Thailand received 
extensive support from DG ECHO in the fields of food, hea lth and water and sanitation. This 
support grew from € 6,200,000 in 2003 to € 9,500,000 in 2007. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
In 2007, DG ECHO decided to allocate more f unding for activities inside Burma/Myanmar 
and gradually over a period of time to decrease its assistance for Burmese refugees in camps 
in Thailand, where DG ECHO continued the pr ovision of food aid, cooking fuel and basic 
health care.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
Given the circumstances, LRRD cannot be fully applied to the refugee camps in Thailand but 
good coordination exists with the EC instrument  for Uprooted People to complement these 
activities and avoid duplica tion. The 2007 Aid to Uprooted People instrument provided 
€ 3,300,000 for health interventions, environm ental health activities and education 
programmes. Funding from other thematic budget lines such as the Eu ropean Initiative for 
Democratic and Human Rights and Reproduc tive health, NGO co-financing were also 
available. Both in Brussels and in Bangkok, DG ECHO has been advoc ating to other donors 
to urge the Royal Thai Government to find dur able solutions for one of the world's oldest 
refugee caseload.  
Indonesia 
Humanitarian needs 
The last DG ECHO programmes ad dressing the humanitarian needs of the tsunami-affected 
population in Aceh and Nias financed unde r a December 2005 € 20,000,000 finished in June 
2007.  
Large humanitarian needs are regu larly caused by recurrent natura l disasters, Indonesia being 
located in one of the most disaster-prone region s in the world - the so- called ‘ring of fire’ - 
where there is a particularly high vulnerab ility to earthquakes, floods and landslides. 
In late 2006, heavy rains flooded vast areas of Northern Sumatr a – Indonesia’s largest island. 
By early December the area had been hit by th ree earthquakes with magnitudes of between 
4.9 and 6.1 which had resulted in landslides that  had filled the rivers with debris and 
vegetation. The rains that stru ck later therefore caused bank s to burst affecting 400,000 and 
bringing widespread destructi on to basic infrastructure.  
In February 2007, heavy rains over Jakarta trigge red overflowing of rivers and flooding in the 
city and its surroundings. 78 people died due  to floods while at least 420,000 other people 
were displaced temporarily and more  than 102,000 houses were inundated. 
EN 54   EN Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
This period was marked by the earthquake and ts unami which devastated Aceh and Northern 
Sumatran coasts on 26 December 2004. For this crisis only, ECHO disbursed an amount of 
close to € 60,000,000 with projects running fr om 26 December 2004 to 30 June 2007. Other 
smaller crises were addressed by ECHO dur ing the years 2003-2007: displacement due to 
ethnic violence, drought and mal nutrition, epidemics, earthquakes, smaller tsunamis, and in 
May 2006, the destructive earthquake that hit the city of Yogyakarta and the surrounding 
areas. The total contribution of ECHO to I ndonesia excluding the tsunami response was 
€ 19,958,129. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
In January, an emergency decision of € 1,000,000 was adopted to respond to the important 
floods of December 2006 in the northern part  of Sumatra Island. The operations focused 
mainly on isolated highland areas in the sect ors of water and sanitation, restoration of 
livelihoods, emergency rehabilitation of roads a nd bridges to restore ac cess, distribution of 
essential non food items and road and villages clean ing activities.  
In February, disastrous floods in Jakarta and the surrounding area were addressed through a 
€ 600,000 primary emergency decision, with s hort operations focusing on the immediate 
relief for thousands of vulnerable displaced pop ulations, through provision of water, essential 
food and non-food items such as cooking utensils  and tarpaulins, medical care and nutritional 
assistance in particular to children and pregnant and lactating mothers. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
In Aceh and Nias, tsunami rehabilitation a nd recovery programmes  funded under a Multi 
Donor Trust co-chaired by the EC are ongoing. 
Timor-Leste 
Humanitarian needs 
Further to the April and May 2006 civil unrest which caused the displacement of up to 15% of 
the population, the situa tion remained tense in 2007, especi ally around the time of the 
presidential and parliamentar y elections in April and Ju ne. Around 100,000 people were still 
displaced in camps in and around Dili and with host families in the rest of the country.  
In 2007 the situation of IDPs in Timor Lest e remained volatile and people reacted very 
quickly to any event that they felt could thre aten their security. Many people seemed to go to 
work or back home normally during the day and only spent the night in the camps, where they 
felt more secure and where free food distributi on was available. Insecurity and unresolved 
land and property issues prevented return; in the absence of any mechanism for compensation 
and property restitution, the displacement crisis was likely to persist. However, the newly elected government began to show a strong will to  find solutions for the resettlement of IDPs, 
and by the end of the year the 2008 budget contained concrete  measures to enable a 
sustainable return of IDPs to their places of origin. 
EN 55   EN Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Since the country became indepe ndent in 2002, DG ECHO has inte rvened in Timor Leste in 
response to displacement, acute malnutrition, civil un rest and natural disasters for an amount 
of € 13,193,871, amount which includes € 1,500,000 from the first food aid decision in 2007. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
In 2007, humanitarian and food aid needs in the camps and in some rural areas were 
addressed through two financial decisions, one be ing a humanitarian aid decision specific to 
Timor Leste for an amount of € 1,500,000 and th e other being the glob al food aid decision, 
out of which two grant agreements, also for a total amount of € 1,500,000, were signed. 
These two 2007 decisions aimed at assisting IDPs with camp management, access to drinking 
water and sanitation in camps and transitional sh elters, child protection activities and food aid, 
as well as vulnerable rural households with food s ecurity and liv elihood assistance. In 2008, 
DG ECHO will respond to remaining needs in camps through operations covering camp management, access to water and sanitation and child  protection activities, but will also assist 
the likely return of thousands of displaced pe rsons to their region of origin mainly through 
transport, provision of a food aid re turn pack and protection activi ties. This should be the last 
humanitarian intervention in this crisis.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
DG ECHO's interventions are coordinated with th e EC Representative in Dili and with other 
stakeholders present in the country, such  as Member States and other donors. 
North Korea (Democratic People' s Republic of Korea - DPRK) 
Humanitarian needs 
The protracted humanitarian crisis in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) is 
caused by a combination of the continuing dec line of the economy and the inability of the 
Government to effectively redress the situati on with appropriate development measures. After 
the 13 February 2007 Joint Agreem ent in the 6-Party Talks, th ere was for about 6 months a 
positive political momentum when the denuclearis ation process started. This became stalled 
by the end of the year due to complications in th e "denuclearisation for ai d" process. This also 
means that there are still considerable humanitari an needs in the various  parts of the country 
which are of a structural na ture and therefore can be a ddressed best by longer term 
instruments in a sustainable way. On average the malnutrition of Koreans is “high” according 
to WHO classifications. The most recent UNICE F-led nutritional assessment confirmed this: 
37% of children were stunted; 7% were “wasted”, with a low weight/height ratio which could 
be life-threatening. Although the economic reforms of 2002 have brought about some 
changes, over the past year the average Nort h Korean has found it more difficult to feed his 
family and to stay healthy. Basic drugs are supplied only through international aid and the 
needs of particularly vulnerable groups such  as the handicapped and the elderly are greatly 
neglected. The water supply networks in the to wns lack the energy necessary to operate them, 
materials to disinfect the wate r and spare parts to maintain broken pipelines. There are huge 
needs in sanitation. If interna tional aid were not given, there would be a high risk that the 
achievements of recent years would rapidly be  lost. In August 2007 DPRK was once again 
affected by flooding which destroye d rice fields just before harv est and causing serious losses 
EN 56   EN in the fertile Southern "cerea l bowls" of the country, also da maging water supply systems, 
schools and health facilities.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Between 1995 and 2007, € 124,000,000 has been pr ovided for humanitarian assistance. 
Humanitarian assistance has been allocated to  cover the immediate n eeds of flood-affected 
populations, to address food/nutritional problems, improve access to water as well as health 
care. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
In 2007 DG ECHO continued the execution of its  exit strategy from DPRK. Projects were 
implemented under the 2006 Ad Hoc decision for € 8,000,000 focusing on health and water 
and sanitation and addressing th e needs of the most vulnerabl e North Korean populations. 
This financing Decision also enabled partne rs to accomplish their ongoing actions. The very 
specific structure of EU resi dent NGOs, the European Uni on Programme Support (EUPS) 
functioned well. All parties (DG ECHO, NGOs a nd the North Korean au thorities) concerned 
adhered to the modus operandi of this arrangement. With € 2,000,000 flood relief, DG ECHO 
provided assistance to about 500,000 affected people by the provi sion of emergency food. At 
the end of November a capitalisation work shop on water and sanitation activities was 
organised with the NGOs and Nort h Korean local counterparts.  
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
Due to the nuclear standoff triggered in the autumn of 2002 and aggravated by the DPRK's 
nuclear test in October 2006, the internationa l community has been reluctant to finance 
development programmes. In line with UN Security Council - Resolution 17187, the EU also 
introduced restrictive meas ures against DPRK. Throughout 2007, DG ECHO advocated pro-
actively for a better LRRD within the Commi ssion after its exit and th e timely phasing in of 
the new long-term instrument.  
EuropeAid Co-operation Office can only suppor t food security activ ities under its LRRD 
Thematic Programme. At the same time comple mentarities with other EU Member States' 
funded actions became more realistic, in particul ar in the water and sa nitation sector with 
Sweden and Ireland. In the positive political at mosphere numerous other fact-finding missions 
arrived in DPRK not only from the EU, but al so Australia, Canada, New Zealand and USA. 
The EU remains the second largest humanita rian donor behind Republic of Korea.  
                                                      
7 http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8853.doc.htm 
EN 57   EN Philippines 
Humanitarian needs 
The Philippines is prone to frequent typhoons, but the 2007 typhoon season was not as serious 
as the previous year and no interv ention from DG ECHO was requested.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
DG ECHO's interventions in Philippines over the last 5 years focused on the response to 
displacement due to the religi ous violence affecting Mindana o and to typhoons, for a total 
amount of € 5,860,000. Philippines also bene fited from DIPECHO operations.  
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
DG ECHO’s objectives in response to the typhoons that struck the Albay province at the end 
of 2006 were to provide integrated relief  to the most vulnerable typhoon-affected 
communities, in particular those that had to move to evacuation centres because their homes 
and land had been lost to the lava flows, and those whose houses had been totally destroyed 
by the typhoon. These objectives were met through a € 2,000,000 Emergency Decision 
approved in December 2006 (of which € 1,400,000 on 2007's budget) and mostly implemented in the first part of 2007. 
An additional envelope of € 710,000 was released in April 2007 to address the remaining 
needs, mainly in shelter, of more than 10,000 people still living in very poor conditions 
months after the disaster. 
 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
Intensive contacts took place throughout 2007 with the EC Delegation and the authorities in 
order to secure a permanent solution for the remaining displaced people. 
Vietnam  
Humanitarian needs 
Vietnam has over the years developed good copi ng mechanisms to counter the impact of 
natural disasters. However, local capacity can  be exhausted where disasters such as heavy 
rains and typhoons exceed thei r normal intensity. In October 2007, typhoon Lekima hit the 
northern and central parts of the country an d was followed throughout October and November 
by repeated episodes of extensiv e flooding, affecting one third of the country provinces. Local 
government capacities, although well organized, were soon exhausted , as much as the coping 
capacities of the mostly rural populations affected by the disaster, who had lost both their 
standing crops and their food stocks. The most  urgent needs were food and non food items, 
access to clean water, seeds and tools to quickly  restore livelihoods and assistance to damaged 
schools through distribution of fu rniture, books and uniforms so that children could go back 
to school. 
EN 58   EN Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Since 2002, DG ECHO's response to natural disast ers has been quite li mited, with a total 
amount of € 1,410,000 for flooding and typhoons in 2002 and 2006.  
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
DG ECHO adopted a € 2,000,000 Emergency Deci sion in October 2007 to address the 
consequences of the typhoon and subsequent  floods. The objectives were to provide 
immediate assistance to the vic tims to quickly restore liveli hoods and coping capacities and 
assist families, and in particular children to go back to normal life and cope with the trauma. 
Nevertheless, the seriousness of the disaster  and the uneven delivered  assistance between 
different provinces will be addr essed in 2008 by a follow up decision. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
Recovery is supported by the central and lo cal government of Vietnam. The continued 
presence of the DIPECHO programme in the affected regions will contribute to the dissemination of typhoon/floods preparedness best practices and to their adoption by the 
national and local legislation. 
4.2. SOUTH AND SOUTH WESTERN ASIA 
Afghanistan (including Afghan refugees in Pakistan and Iran) 
Humanitarian needs 
The main groups with substantial humanitarian  needs in 2007 were the over 330.000 refugees 
who returned from Pakistan and Iran, the Af ghans deported from Iran, the battle-affected 
IDPs within Afghanistan and the host communities receiving these returnees. The needs of the returning refugees and IDPs incl uded transport and resettlement support, as well as food, 
shelter and water and sanitation for the most vul nerable such as female headed households. 
With over 5,000,000 refugees and displaced people having returned since the fall of the Taliban at the end of 2001, many of these and their host communities have required 
continuing support to avoid a major humanitarian crisis, particularly  in the sector of water and 
sanitation where Afghanistan has some of the worst global indicators. A further significant 
area for humanitarian support wa s protection, especi ally in the south of Afghanistan. The 
continued vulnerability of much of the popula tion also meant that humanitarian aid was 
required in response to the drought that develo ped in large parts of Afghanistan in 2006 and 
whose consequences conti nued to be felt in 2007.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
DG ECHO has funded projects a ddressing the needs of returnees, IDPs and the most 
vulnerable people affected by the consequences of the Afghan conflict and natural hazards 
since 1992. Between 2003 and 2007 DG ECHO has spent € 217,000,000, including 
€ 6,000,000 from the food aid budget line. 
Water and sanitation, food, shelter, protec tion, basic livelihood, security advice and 
humanitarian flights were the main sectors of activity. Activities in the health sector were 
taken over by the EC Delegation in a successful LRRD exercise in 2004. 
EN 59   EN Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
DG ECHO’s strategy for 2007 was focused on assisti ng the return of refugees and IDPs and 
ensuring basic livelihood support for the most vu lnerable and for their host communities. In 
parallel, DG ECHO worked with DG for Extern al Relations and UNHCR to attain durable 
solutions for the Afghan populations remaining in  Pakistan and Iran, preparing for the time 
when they would cease to be considered as refugees. 
DG ECHO under its Global Plan funded € 21,000,000 of  humanitarian aid for victims of the 
Afghan crisis, covering the registration and trans portation of refugees from Pakistan and Iran 
to Afghanistan, as well as continuing suppor t for the most vulnerable of the remaining 
refugees. Shelter, and water and sanitation we re the main sectors of intervention within 
Afghanistan. Responses to localised disasters were made, with an increasing emphasis on 
building up local capacity. All proj ects were implemented with full respect of the key issue of 
gender.  
Protection assistance was pr ovided, notably through contin ued support to both UNHCR and 
ICRC in their respective protection mandate role s. Given the constraints of security and 
geography, support to security advisory services  for aid agencies in Afghanistan, and to a 
subsidised humanitarian flight service was maintained. 
€ 6,000,000 from the global food aid decision wa s allocated to Afghani stan in order to 
respond to the consequences of the 2006 drought . Access to food and clean water supplies as 
well as food security were improved for the mo st vulnerable populations, with a particular 
focus on disabled persons and female headed h ouseholds. Food assistance to battle affected 
IDPs in the South of the country was also provided. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
Close coordination is taking place on LRRD ma tters between DG ECHO, DG for External 
Relations and EuropeAid Co-operation Office,  with a view to ensuring the mutual 
compatibility of their programmes and a handover wherever possible. Rega rding assistance to 
refugees in Pakistan and Iran, DG ECHO clos ely coordinated with EC Delegation (through 
the Uprooted Peoples budget line) so that a clear distinction of funding between strict 
humanitarian and more developm ental actions was respected.  
In the food sector, a comprehensive LRRD strategy between DG ECHO's food aid and 
EuropeAid Co-operation Office's Food Securi ty Thematic Programming was designed and 
this strategy will be implemented in 2008. 
EN 60   EN Pakistan  
Humanitarian needs 
Humanitarian needs resulted from natural disa sters, with continuing needs following the 2005 
earthquake, as well as new needs arising from floods in Balouchistan and Sindh provinces in 
June and July 2007.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years  
While initially involved mainly in relation to the Afghan refugee crisis (assistance to Afghan 
refugees in Pakistani soil), humanitarian aid has become increasingly engage d in responding 
to natural disasters. 
Humanitarian Objectives and Achievements  
The main achievement was the completion of  the final phase (€ 11,000,000) of ECHO's 
earthquake response. In this fina l phase of assistance, the main sectors were health, and water 
and sanitation, with the main result that desp ite many cases of potentially epidemic disease 
appearing, these were all contained and no wide spread incidence of disease occurred. There 
were over 800,000 direct beneficiaries of assi stance, and 3,500,000 indirect beneficiaries. 
Health assistance included ove rall surveillance for the 3 .5 million earthquake affected 
population together with direct  assistance to over 500,000 bene ficiaries mainly for primary 
and reproductive health. Water and sanitation c onsisted largely of the re-establishment of 
water supplies, together with health educati on and latrines, for over 175,000 beneficiaries.  
Other assistance provided wa s food security for first pha se livelihood support for 65,000 
beneficiaries, legal aid for 24,000 beneficiaries, assistance to 35,000 IDPs remaining in 
camps, and disaster prepare dness for 80,000 beneficiaries. 
Furthermore, DG ECHO and its partners continue d to show in 2007 thei r capacity to respond 
rapidly to new humanitarian needs as they aris e with needs based and non-partisan assistance, 
in close coordination with key me mber States. This was demonstr ated in the response to the 
Balouchistan floods in June/July, even if ultimately government access restrictions blocked 
planned funding from being disbursed. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
During 2006, EuropeAid Co-operation Office allocated € 50,000,000 to UNICEF, UNDP and 
Asia Development Bank for recovery phase a ssistance which applied in contiguum with 
humanitarian aid in 2007, and then to follow on as the humanitarian assistance was phased 
out. 
EN 61   EN Bangladesh 
Humanitarian needs 
Bangladesh, the world's most densely populated  country, is highly vulnerable to natural 
disasters, in particular ear thquakes, floods and cyclones. This vulnerability is being 
exacerbated by climate change factors. 
2007 was a particularly harsh year. First, two spells of monsoon floods in August and 
September 2007 affected 46 districts, claimed more than 900 lives, displaced millions of 
people, destroyed crops and kill ed livestock. Then, the super-cyc lone SIDR hit the country on 
15 November 2007, affecting close to 9 million pe ople in 30 southern districts, killing an 
estimated 4,407 people and injuring over 55,000. The cyclone caused extensive damage, destroying more than 500,000 houses, harvests, f ood stocks and liveliho ods, killing livestock 
and destroying fishing material and other inco me generating assets. Water and sanitation and 
health infrastructures have al so been destroyed or damaged. 
In addition, an estimated 10,000 Rohingya u ndocumented refugees are still living in 
overcrowded and appalling conditions in a make shift camp in Teknaf, in very basic shacks, 
without access to drinkable wa ter or adequate sanitation. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
DG ECHO intervened in Bangladesh when the c ountry was hit by seve re floods in 2004 and 
2006, providing mainly food rations, safe dri nking water and emergency items. In 2004, it 
also provided humanitarian assistance to the people of Chittagong Hill  Tracts, who were 
victims of communal violence. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
By a regional decision covering Bangladesh an d India, DG ECHO funded emergency and 
early recovery assistance for the flood victims, consisting mainly of food, shelter, provision of 
basic items and drinking water,  and supporting the restarting of  a new life for the populations 
directly affected by the floods. 
In relation to the cyclone, emergency pr ogrammes totalling € 8,425,000 were funded by 
DG ECHO immediately after the cyclone  in November and December 2007. These 
programmes focused on providing food, safe water, basic house hold items, emergency health 
care, temporary shelter a nd emergency livelihood.  
In December 2007 a package of € 1,500,000 was granted for the relocation of the 10,000 
Rohingya refugees to a new site, to set up th e necessary shelters and water and sanitation 
infrastructures, and provid e basic medical services. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
In Bangladesh LLRD in the sector s of food security and disaster  preparedness/ disaster risk 
reduction are particularly important, as structural issues in these sectors contribute directly to 
the humanitarian crises caused by sudden onset disasters.  
With regard to the cyclone and the floods, cl ose coordination is ensured with the DG for 
External Relations Stability Instrument and th e EC Delegation, so as to link the emergency 
EN 62   EN interventions of DG ECHO with the longer term interventions of the European Commission, 
particularly in the sectors of  livelihoods and food security. 
Active collaboration with the EC Delegation has facilitated the granting of a site for the 
relocation of the Rohingya refugees, and clos e coordination is main tained between DG ECHO 
and the EC Delegation, which is supporting tw o official camps for documented Rohingya 
refugees. 
India 
Humanitarian needs 
2007 saw a welcome decrease in the level of vi olence in Jammu and Kashmir, although many 
suggest that this is only a temporary respit e and not the consequence of any substantial 
improvement in the political situation. On the other hand, a series of very large explosions 
occurred in August, killing or maiming several people in the n earby villages and adding to the 
psychological trauma among the rest of the popul ation. The profound effects of this trauma 
cannot be easily mitigated and women and childr en are the most vulnerable. Media coverage 
of the consequences of the conflict on  local populations remained limited.  
Conversely, Naxalite-related vi olence increased, in particular  in the Southe rn part of 
Chhattisgarh State, where the population (mainly tribal people and scheduled castes) are caught between the Maoist guerrillas and vigilante militias. Some areas are totally inaccessible due to the conflict and in general th e region is acutely lacking in basic social 
services, as it is practically impossible to hire doctors, for instance, to work in such a risky 
environment. The Prime Minister of India stated , in a public speech delivered in 2007 that he 
considered the Naxalite problem to be the mo st acute one which India is currently facing. 
The 2007 monsoon season caused severe flooding in  several States, destroying crops, houses, 
livestock and social infrastructure such as water and sanitation. Over 5 million households 
were affected.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
DG ECHO has funded projects a ddressing the needs of conf lict-affected populations in 
Jammu and Kashmir since 2002, amounting to € 9M so far. 2007 was the first year of DG ECHO intervention in Chhattisgarh and assistance totalled € 630,000. 
India is prone to natural disasters and DG ECHO provided humanitarian assistance to the 
victims of a series of these in the past 5 years, including the 2004 South Asia Tsunami, the 
2005 Kashmir earthquake and m onsoon flooding in 2004, 2006 and 2007. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
In the context of the conflic t in Kashmir, approximately 40,000 people received psychosocial 
support and protection, includi ng children in orphanages. In Chhattisgarh, 20,000 people 
benefited from curative and preventive basic healthcare services  and 7,500 internally 
displaced families benefited from improved water and sanitation. 
DG ECHO approved a total of € 11,000,000 in hum anitarian aid for the flood victims 
(covering India and Bangladesh),  including provisions for emer gency shelter, food rations, 
EN 63   EN drinking water and improved storage and sanita tion facilities, health, hygiene and medical 
support and livelihood support. 
Finally, DG ECHO continued to finance projects  in nutrition and the provision of water and 
sanitation to the Sri Lankan refugee children living in camps in Tamil Nadu. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
In Jammu and Kashmir, past DG ECHO support for non-formal educati on is being continued 
by EuropeAid Co-operation Office and the EC Delegation. 
In Chhattisgarh a State Part nership Programme was signed be tween the EC Delegation and 
the State authorities, aiming at the equitabl e delivery of and access to quality health and 
education services, as well as improved fore st-based tribal livelihoods, through governance, 
institutional reform and capacity development at  state and at decentralized levels. It is 
expected that this programme will be a valuable vehicle for linking relief and rehabilitation, and will ultimately allow DG ECHO to exit from this crisis. 
Nepal/Bhutan 
Humanitarian needs 
Nepal is one of the world’s poorest countri es and remains the scene of two forgotten 
humanitarian crises.  
The violent conflict initiated by Maoist rebels in 1996 cost over 13,000 lives and although it 
was formally brought to an end with the signa ture of the Peace Agreement in November 2006, 
the country is still suffering from its conseque nces, marked by high volatility and frequent 
spates of violence. Constituent Assembly elect ions have been post poned twice but are now 
scheduled for 10 April 2008. 
Against this poor socio-economic background and po litical instability, the toll of the 10-year 
conflict is still heavy.  The conflict isolated populations in the worst affected areas and 
disrupted trade and agricultu ral activities; it destroyed water supply systems and 
communications infrastructure. Most of the community drinking water systems constructed 
during the 1980s and 1990s are not working eff ectively. Health posts are not functioning 
properly and still suffer from a lack of trained personnel, hygiene, medicines and waste treatment equipment and systems. The Nepalese au thorities have not been able to give support 
to communities due to budget cuts and security concerns. 
A second forgotten crisis has trapped over 108,000 refugees, including 23,000 children, who 
were expelled from Bhutan between 1990 and 1992. Since then they have been stuck in seven 
camps in the south-east of Nepal, accepted by neither Nepal nor Bhutan, and are totally dependent on external aid. In the absence of a political solution, the United Sates and other 
countries have offered a resettlement options an d the first refugees are expected to leave in 
2008. 
The 2007 monsoon season caused severe flooding in the Terai plains , destroying crops, 
houses, livestock and infrastructure.  Over 330,000 people were affected.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
EN 64   EN Since 2001, DG ECHO has provided close to € 14M  of food aid for the refugees through a 
series of contracts with the World F ood Programme (WFP) and nearly € 20,000,000 for 
victims of the armed conflict. 
Nepal is prone to natural di sasters and DG ECHO pr ovided humanitarian assistance to the 
victims of droughts in 2006 and monsoon flooding in 2007. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
In 2007 the populations living in the areas most affected by the conflict continued to benefit 
from protection activities, with particular empha sis on support to intern ally displaced people. 
Additionally, a particular focus was put on the protection of child ren formerly associated with 
the armed forces and armed groups. Primary and reproductive healthcare was provided to 
over 300,000 people in the mid and Far Wester n regions. Also, 10,000 people benefited from 
the construction of drinking water systems and latrines. 
Food aid (€ 1,500,000) was distributed to 108,200 Bhutanese refugees, this representing a 
fifth of their annual requirements. DG ECHO also supported a supplementary food ration 
programme for 2,600 vulnerable refugees (malnour ished children under five, pregnant women 
and nursing mothers, tuberculosis pa tients and elderly sick people). 
DG ECHO approved € 4,500,000 in humanitarian aid for the flood victims, including 
provisions for emergency shelter, food ra tions, drinking water and improved hygiene. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
The contribution to the Bhutanese refugees’ food needs is complemented by support from 
EuropeAid Co-operation Offi ce for UNHCR’s management activities in the camps. 2007 
brought fresh hopes in terms of a possible solution to  this crisis through resettlement in third 
countries, from which the refugees can continue to  lobby to return to B hutan. It is foreseen 
that a majority will opt for the resettlement option, thus significantly reducing the number of 
those requiring continuing assistance. However, given the size of the caseload, it will take at 
least 5 years to complete the process. During that time political efforts will be maintained to 
lobby for a solution for those not ab le or willing to relocate, incl uding for a retu rn to Bhutan 
and the possibility for others to settle legally in Nepal. 
DG ECHO is also carefully mon itoring the evolution of the soci o-political situation. It is 
hoped that socio-economic development will be made possible through progressive political 
stability, enabling the development partners to  occupy their natural sp ace and, consequently, 
allowing DG ECHO to close down its operations linked to the conflict. 
EN 65   EN Sri Lanka 
Humanitarian needs 
The conflict between Tamil separatists and th e Government of Sri Lanka continued to 
intensify during 2007 with devastating consequen ces for the civilian population in the north 
and east of the country. The conflic t is brutal and there are majo r violations of international 
humanitarian law by all parties to the c onflict on a daily basis. Over 500,000 people are 
currently displaced by the conflict and a furt her 70,000 people are still displaced by the 2004 
tsunami, bringing the total IDP caseload in  the country to around 570,000. In addition to 
IDPs, the everyday life of all communities in the conflict areas has been severely affected, especially the 800,000 civilians virtually trappe d in Jaffna and the Vanni because of access 
and other restrictions. Du e to the protracted nature of the crisis the coping mechanisms of 
these people are now virtually non existent.  
Sri Lanka is a complex emergency and the humanitarian situation is highly politicised. While 
the humanitarian workload in the north and east is increasing the humanitarian space continues to diminish due to security concer ns, access problems and other restrictions. This 
undermines the ability of DG ECHO’s partners to reach vulnerable populations caught up in the conflict. Already more than 2,000 aid worker s and many humanitarian agencies have left 
the north east, for security reasons.  
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last 5 years 
Since 2002 the Commission has provided over  € 97,000,000 of humanitarian assistance 
including over € 43,000,000 in response to the tsunami. The remaining tsunami projects ended in mid 2007 and the focus has now retu rned to conflict affected communities. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
In 2007 DG ECHO provided € 12,000,000 to integr ated emergency relief to over 700,000 
IDPs and conflict affected popula tions in Sri Lanka and 30,000 Sr i Lankan refugees living in 
camps in Tamil Nadu, India. The main sectors of intervention were protection, food aid and 
food security, shelter and non food relief it ems, water and sanitation, coordination and 
security. In Tamil Nadu the focus was on water and sanitation.  In addition € 3,000,000 was 
provided in 2007 from the food aid budget line to support conflict affected  populations in Sri 
Lanka. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
In terms of LRRD, DG ECHO works closely w ith other Commission se rvices to link with 
programmes which complement and go be yond DG ECHO emergency interventions by 
concentrating on the medium term needs of re turnee IDPs and host communities in Sri Lanka. 
EN 66   EN 5. LATIN AMERICA  
Many of the countries of Latin America region are recurrently affected by natural hazards 
such as floods, flash floods, cyclones, lands lides, earthquakes, volcan ic eruptions, droughts 
and forest fires and other complex emergenc ies. DG ECHO was called on to respond to an 
array of disaster events in 2007 – hurricane Felix in Nicaragua, earthquake in Southern Peru, 
cold wave in the same country, floods in Bolivia, drought and wildfires in Paraguay. Apart 
from response to natural disasters, DG ECHO's  humanitarian assistance to victims of 
Colombia's entrenched armed conflict continue d in 2007, including support  for IDPs, refugees 
and other vulnerable groups as well as refugees from the conf lict who crossed the border into 
Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. In disaster  prone countries in the region, DG ECHO's 
disaster preparedness programme (DIPECHO) c ontinued, aiming to improve the capacities of 
communities at risk, so that they can better prepare for and protect themselves against natural disasters. DIPECHO provided a stable prog ramme, enabling organisations to become 
involved in disaster preparedness and filling a gap, creating a platform for community focused 
disaster preparedness and a means to reach isolated and vulnerable communities. In Latin America, ECHO works closely with other progra mmes and donors to ensure the transition to 
longer tem development.  
The EC Humanitarian Assistance in this part of  the world was, in 2007, mainly to respond to 
natural disasters and also in respect of the internal conflict in Colombia. 
HUM.AID FOOD AID TOTAL HUM.AID FOOD AID TOTAL
LATIN AMERICA 31.000.000 1.064.983 32.064.983 30.595.877 1.064.983 31.660.860
Bolivia 1.000.000 1.000.000 1.000.000 1.000.000
Honduras 500.000 500.000 500.000 500.000
Nicaragua 6.000.000 6.000.000 5.720.981 5.720.981
Paraguay 1.500.000 1.500.000 1.500.000 1.500.000
Peru 9.500.000 564.983 10.064.983 9.500.000 564.983 10.064.983
Colombia / Ecuador 13.000.000 13.000.000 12.874.896 12.874.896Country (Region)Funding Decisions adopted in 2007 Agreements signed in 2007
 
5.1. CENTRAL AMERICA (GUATEMALA , EL SALVADOR , HONDURAS , 
NICARAGUA )  
Humanitarian needs 
Central America is one of the mo st disaster-prone re gions of the world. More than 80% of the 
area is at high risk of earthqua kes, volcanoes, flooding, landslid es and hurricanes. Every year 
Central America is badly affect ed by tropical storms, heavy rains and floods, particularly 
during the hurricane season (July to November).  
In 2007 tropical storms affected a number of countries in Central America, producing floods 
and landslides of varying magnitudes, from a very local impact (as in Guatemala and 
Honduras) to very high impact (e.g. the Mexican states of Ta basco and Chiapas experiencing 
their worst floods in 50 years). On 4 Septem ber 2007 hurricane Felix made landfall at the 
Nicaraguan Atlantic Coast as a category V hurri cane, with heavy rain s and winds of more 
than 250 km/hr. As a result more than 200 people were killed and 198,000 people affected. 
EN 67   EN Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last five years  
From 2003 to 2006, more than € 11,000,000 was allocated to Central America. This amount 
included notably the response to hurricane Stan  in Guatemala and El Salvador. In 2007 the 
total allocation to Ce ntral America was € 6,500,000. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements  
In 2007, DG ECHO operations in Central Amer ica basically focussed on responding to the 
emergency caused by hurricane Felix in Nicaragua.  
A primary emergency decision of € 1,000,000 was adopted to assist the most vulnerable 
population during the initial ph ase. This was followed by an emergency decision of 
€ 5,000,000 one month later, covering further identified needs. 
A total of 130,000 people benefited from DG ECHO-funded operations, wh ich paid specific 
attention to the needs of affected indigenous populations. The projects financed covered 
emergency rehabilitation of houses, water and sanitation, basic health services, food aid, 
agricultural support, emergenc y telecommunications and disa ster preparedness activities. 
DG ECHO also continued its monitoring of opera tions in Guatemala and El Salvador, funded 
under the ad hoc financial decision taken to response to Hurricane Stan in late 2006. 
In addition, € 500,000 was allocate d to Honduras from the Food Aid Decision to prevent the 
deterioration of the nutrition and health status of children and pregnant women and to enhance 
small-scale farmer households’ resilience in the drought-affected southern part of the country. 
LRRD – possibly exit strategy of the sector and/or country  
The strong links with the EC Delegation and othe r Commission services were reinforced after 
hurricane Felix. With the aim of bridgi ng the gap between emergency relief and 
reconstruction, DG ECHO actively contributed to the preparation of a proposal under the 
Instrument for Stability (€ 7,490,000). Activi ties will build upon DG ECHO operations and 
focus on water and sanitation and early recovery. LRRD has also been incorporated into the 
planning for the financial instruments in  the new Country Strategy Paper 2007-2013.  
5.2. SOUTH AMERICA (EXCEPT COLOMBIA ) 
Humanitarian needs 
South America is exposed to a whole range of  natural hazards due to its geography, geology 
and climate: The phenomena of "El Niño" and "L a Niña", attributed to warming/cooling in 
the eastern and central Pacific, are causing re gular floods and droughts. The Andean region is 
particularly vulnerable to earthquakes a nd many volcanoes are still active. In 2007 an 
increasing number of hazards occurred throughout  the year, often affecting highly vulnerable 
populations. The most disastrous single event was the earthquake  which struck Southern Peru 
on 15 August 2007. 
EN 68   EN Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last five years  
From 2003 to 2006, a total of € 6,291,000 was allocated  to South America, mainly in response 
to floods. In 2007 the allocation to the region totalled € 12,564,983, with two thirds of this 
amount earmarked for the earthquake response in Peru. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
DG ECHO responded to the humanitarian needs aris ing from the floods in Bolivia in January 
2007, which caused damage to crops, houses a nd infrastructure. DG ECHO adopted an 
emergency decision of € 1,000,000 to meet the most urgent needs of the vi ctims, in terms of 
water and sanitation, health, emergency repairs to health centres and schools, and disaster 
preparedness. Food aid and short-term emer gency agricultural ac tivities were also 
implemented. Approximately 108,500  people were assisted through the Commission's 
humanitarian aid. 
Later on in the year, the Commission pr ovided € 8,000,000 (through a primary emergency 
and an emergency decision) to the victims of the earthquake measuring 7.9 on the Richter 
scale, which had its epicentre 160 km south of  Lima (Peru) and which affected some 500,000 
people, destroying or damaging 94,000 houses . Through the primary emergency decision 
(€ 2,000,000) immediate integrated relief assist ance was provided, including food, provision 
of water, non-food items, medical assistance , emergency telecommunications and psycho-
social support to victims.  
Through the emergency decision (€ 6,000,000) 15 partners delivered mainly food aid, 
emergency shelter, water and sanitation and non-food items, mainstreaming disaster 
preparedness. 
Also in Peru, where national response capac ity was clearly overwhelmed by the earthquake, 
the Commission provided humanitarian assistan ce to the victims of the cold wave: 41,500 
inhabitants of the Andean re gion, whose livelihoods had been  endangered by unusually low 
temperatures. An additional allocation of  € 564,983 was made available for the most 
vulnerable affected Andean populations from th e Food Aid Decision to help them overcome 
the loss of their agricultural inputs and prepare for the next sowing season. In this context, 
food aid and food for work activities (construc tion of communal shelters for alpacas, sewing 
of cereals and pulses, construc tion of stone fences for pastur e protection) were provided. The 
total number of beneficiaries for DG ECHO's  interventions in Peru in 2007 is 250,000.  
Finally, Peru has experienced a severe cold wave, the coldest weather in 30 years, with 
temperatures significantly below the average, falling as far as minus 27°C and affecting in 
particular the Andean communities living above 3,500-3,800 metres. A decision of € 1,500,000 was taken to assist the victims with  food aid, early recovery support and other 
emergency relief, targeting a population of up to 41,500 people.  
Last but not least, in Paraguay, € 1,500,000 wa s provided for 46,600 victims of drought and 
wildfires in terms of supplementa ry food rations and agricultural inputs so as to help them 
restore their livelihoods. Disast er preparedness was mainstream ed into the three emergency 
operations funded.  
EN 69   EN LRRD – possibly exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
DG ECHO continued to actively explore avenues for LRRD with the EC Delegations in the 
region and DG for External Relati ons, seeking ways to undertake activities in the framework 
of the corresponding country strategy papers or thematic budget lines. For the Peru 
earthquake, LRRD with the Stability Instrument  was discussed in detail and an intervention 
(€ 3,000,000) is in the pipeline. 
Colombia (including Colombian refugees in Ecuador, Venezuela and 
Panama) 
Humanitarian needs 
For more than 40 years Colombia has suffered fr om an internal conflict between government, 
paramilitary and guerrilla groups. As a resu lt, over 3,600,000 people have been displaced 
from their home areas since 1985, with some 200,000 new IDPs in 2007. More than 200 communities were in a situation of confinemen t or blocked by armed actors. In addition, 
UNHCR estimates that more than 400,000 Colombians have fled the conflict to neighbouring countries (Ecuador, Venezuela and Panama). Of  these, less than 50,000 have obtained refugee 
status. Most IDPs settle in shanty towns, often with no legal titl e to the land, building 
precarious shelters out of plastic, wood and cardboard. IDPs displaced to an unfamiliar urban environment often very quickly see their food  security situation deteriorate and their 
household economy collapse. Blocked or confined communities' access to food and to basic services is severely hampered they are prevented from cultivating their fields or going to markets. Furthermore, thei r access to public health se rvices is very limited. 
Most Colombians newly arriving in the neigh bouring countries need emergency assistance 
such as food, water and sanitation immediately after arrival. Subseq uently, they require 
assistance to know their rights and the steps to take in the refug ee registration process, and to 
foster their integration. 
Colombia is also vulnerable to natural disaster s, particularly earthqua kes, volcanic eruptions 
and floods. 
Evolution of humanitarian aid in the last five years  
From 2003 to 2006, DG ECHO allocated € 40,000,000 to  improve the humanitarian situation 
of the victims of the Colombian conflict, bot h in Colombia and in neighbouring countries 
(Ecuador, Venezuela and Panama). A furthe r € 500,000 was allocated for flood response. In 
2007 € 13,000,000 was allocated to Colombia: € 12,000,000 for the victims of the conflict (both inside Colombia a nd in neighbouring countries) and € 1,000,000 for an emergency 
response to the worst floods in 40 years.  
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
€ 12,000,000 was  allocated to support the Colombia n population affected by the armed 
conflict. In 2007 some 70,000 peop le received assist ance (food and non-food items) via ICRC 
during their first three months  of displacement. In addi tion, more than 40,000 new IDPs, 
confined or blocked populations and, to some extent, host communities received humanitarian post-emergency assistance including improved shelter, distribution of non-food items, access 
to basic services (primary health care, wate r and sanitation) and psychosocial assistance.  
EN 70   EN DG ECHO continued to concentrate on the more re mote rural areas, where state institutions 
are generally not present. Protection of childre n continued to be a priority. More than 1,500 
new IDP children were integrated in accelerate d learning cycles with a view to paving the 
way for their re-integration into the formal edu cation system and, at the same time, to prevent 
their recruitment by illegal armed actors. DG ECHO assistance was targeted to be complementary to the aid provided by state in stitutions, and implementing partners were 
required to adopt a pro-active stance to invol ve government institutions with a view to 
handing over operations to them in the not too distant future. 
DG ECHO also financed projects in  Ecuador, Venezuela and Panama to assist the victims of 
the Colombian conflict who have fled to those neighbouring countries. With DG ECHO 
funding, UNHCR continued to improve the prot ection framework for asylum seekers by 
strengthening the national inst itutions involved in the recept ion, registration, documentation, 
assistance and integratio n of refugees. Protection and support services were pr ovided for more 
than 45,000 Colombians to cover basic food, nutr ition, shelter, healt h, water and sanitation 
and educational needs. It al so helped the refugees in  the reception, registration, 
documentation, assistance and integration process.  
In addition, given the dramatic impact of th e rainy season, an inte rvention was required in 
response to the floods which affected almost 25 per cent of all Colombian municipalities. 
DG ECHO's intervention focused on the Northw est of the country – Cordoba and the "La 
Mojana" region – and provided emergency assist ance (food, water and san itation, agricultural 
inputs) to 45,000 people, main streaming disaster prepare dness wherever possible. 
LRRD – possibly exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
Close regular contact is maintained with th e EC Delegation to seek LRRD. Linking was 
sought via the budget line Uproot ed Peoples, which started im plementation of its final 
projects, and other thematic budget lines, via the in stitutional support the Commission 
provided to State assistance mechanisms in orde r to improve the quality of the government’s 
assistance and via the Instrume nt for Stability. Furthermore, DG ECHO partners were asked 
to involve state institutions to the largest extent possible with a view to handing over 
operations to them in the future. 
EN 71   EN 6. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ACTIVITIES (INCLUDING DIPECHO ) 
Humanitarian needs 
There has been a considerable rise in the numbe r and intensity of disasters over the last few 
decades in part due to climate change. In many developing countries, population growth, poor 
governance, increasing impoverishment, poor management of natural resources and 
consequently depletion and degradation of soil ar e factors that have co ntributed to increased 
risks and vulnerabilities. Disasters such as ear thquakes, floods, landslides, drought, wildfires, 
tropical cyclones and associated storm surges, tsunami and volcanic eruptions claim a heavy 
toll in terms of the loss of huma n lives, destruction of economic and social infrastructure, not 
to mention a negative impact on already fragile ecosystems.  
Furthermore, in some parts of the world, natura l disasters are a recurrent phenomenon that can 
have severe impacts on fragile livelihoods. In  some regions disasters seem to be more 
frequent and vulnerable people tend to face more ri sks and have less time to recuperate their 
livelihoods in between disasters.  This draws attention to the value of preparedness in any 
disaster management policy and strategy. DG ECHO's existing programme to support 
community-based disaster preparedness projects , DIPECHO, covers si x regions worldwide - 
Central America, South America, the Caribbea n, Central Asia, South Asia, and South-East 
Asia. All six regions are highly prone to hazard s that have devastati ng consequences for the 
lives and livelihoods of thousands of people. In  Central and South America the main disasters 
are recurrent floods, landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms, hurricanes and 
droughts; in the Caribbean the recurrence of tropical storms, floods and volcano eruptions 
cause regular humanitarian crises; and in Ce ntral, South and South East Asia floods, 
typhoons/cyclones, landslides, droughts, earthquak es, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and forest 
fires undermine already fragile livelihoods. DIPE CHO targets the most vulnerable groups in 
these regions and in localities where the coping  mechanisms are particularly weak both in 
terms of local resources and the capabilities of national disaster response mechanisms. In all 
of these regions initiatives on disaster prep aredness and prevention are emerging at national 
and at regional level, but they tend to suffer from a lack of resources and outreach capacity. 
Coordination between national governments is often not very advanced or is limited to 
exchanges of views and knowledge or establis hment of early-warning systems that are not 
always adapted to disaster prone areas with limited infrastructure. 
Humanitarian objectives and achievements 
The global objective of DG ECHO's  disaster preparedness activi ties is to reduce the impact of 
future disasters and hence the need for human itarian aid in the afte rmath of a disaster. 
Disaster preparedness projects and preparedness components inte grated in relief are mostly 
implemented in countries with prevalent hu manitarian needs but in some countries, 
DG ECHO's sole presence is DIPECHO interven tions. However, when a disaster strikes, 
DIPECHO has proven to be the first response inst rument as it has allo wed communities to be 
prepared and respond primarily by themselves . Due to DIPECHO funding, the vulnerable 
communities can directly benefit from early warning systems, tested evacuation plans, on-the-spot training in first aid and s earch and rescue etc. that incr ease the local coping capacities. 
EN 72   EN DIPECHO Action Plans are implemented at three levels: 
i.) at community level, where they enhance the capacities of local commun ities at risk and of 
local authorities, through training, awareness- raising, setting up early warning systems and 
risk mapping; 
ii.) at national level, where activities strengthen the capacity of national disaster management 
services and help to produce and di sseminate maps/contingency plans; and 
iii.) at regional level, where cooperation and coor dination of disaster preparedness activities is 
encouraged, in particular through the exchan ge and dissemination of data, knowledge and 
good practices. 
LRRD – possible exit strategy of  the sector and/or country 
It is internationally recognise d that efficient Disa ster Risk Reduction (DRR) requires longer 
term engagement by development stakeholde rs and national authorities. DG ECHO's 
contribution to global DRR efforts - consisting ma inly of fostering a preparedness culture and 
investing in community-based preparedness m easures - is one contribution among several 
required. Hence, DG ECHO's pr ogrammatic efforts are combin ed with continuous advocacy 
efforts at headquarters level and in the six regions target ed by DIPECHO to encourage 
development stakeholders to invest in D RR. DG ECHO continues to encourage other 
Commission services, such as DG for Extern al Relations, DG Development and EuropeAid 
Co-operation Office, EU Member  States, other donors, local authorities and NGOs to build on 
DIPECHO lessons and best practices. 
In several countries there is close coordination between Comm ission services, such as in 
Central America where an active relationship in the field and at headquarters level has been 
established. Good coordination is  also experienced in South America and in the Caribbean 
Region. In Central, South and S outh East Asia the same levels  of coordination have not yet 
been achieved even though DG ECHO has been engaged for a long time, therefore DG ECHO 
will continue to engage in advocacy on several levels to ensure the sustainability of its 
DIPECHO investments in these regions. 
But even if good coordination has been establ ished between Commissions services, it does 
not necessarily mean that Disaster Risk Reductio n is systematically taken into consideration 
in high-risk countries. Th e EC Country Strategy Pape rs 2007-2013 leave room for 
improvement and DG ECHO will therefor e continue its advocacy to encourage 
mainstreaming of DRR and nota bly relevant preparedness as pects in longer term sector 
programmes such as education, healt h, environment, and food security.  
As a general observation, high levels of co mplementarity between DIPECHO projects and 
development projects can be seen as a challenge  in terms of the difference in approaches by 
the different actors: DG ECHO's short-term community-based approach versus the macro-
level approach applied by most donors. Even in countries where DRR is recognised as a 
national development priority, in terventions that bene fit the most vulnera ble groups are often 
neglected by authorities and donors. This is  an important challenge for the DIPECHO 
programme in the years to come , but a necessary condition for s ubstantial contributions by the 
EC to the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015. 
EN 73   EN The funding provided by DG ECHO for DIPECHO Disaster Prep aredness projects in six 
disaster prone regions is shown in the table below. Given the f act that the duration of these 
types of actions are typically 12-15 months, the tabl e provides the cumulative funding in 2006 
(since 1998), as well as the funding decisions adopted in 2007.  
It has to be borne in mind when looking at  this table that each "DIPECHO" region only 
benefits from a budgetary al location every two years. 
Funding DIPECHO 
Disaster region Funding 
1998-2006 Funding 2007 Total 1998-
2007 Agreements 
signed in 2007 
Caribbean 12 975 000 4 000 000 16 975 000 3 769 173 
Central America 20 980 000 1 500 000* 22 480 000 6 255 000 Andean Community 17 240 000 6 500 000 23 740 000 6 500 000 Central Asia 15 050 000 6 500 000 23 740 000 5 699 354 South Asia 11 700 000 7 500 000 15 050 000 12 702 383 South East Asia 21 680 000 -- 21 680 000 -- 
TOTAL 99 625 000 19 500 000 119 125 000 34 925 910 
* The € 1,500,000 for Central Am erica in 2007 is in addition to an amount of € 6,000,000 
allocated in 2006. 
Caribbean 
Over the period 1998-2006, five DIPECHO Action Pl ans were implemented in the Caribbean 
region, which represents a DG ECHO inve stment of some € 12,975,000 in disaster 
preparedness. The Sixth DIPEC HO Action Plan in the Caribbean was launched in September 
2007 and runs until February 2009.  
The overall aim of the DIPECHO operations is to enable local communities to prepare for and 
mitigate natural disasters. Some operations are country-specific, targeting the Dominican 
Republic (24% of funding), Haiti (27% of funding), plus Belize,  Dominica and Guyana (25% 
of funding together). Others are regional (2 4% of funding), including Anguilla, Bahamas, 
Barbados, Grenada, Montserrat, St Kitts & Nevis, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago. Operations include: com ponents on capacity-bu ilding, early warning 
systems, small-scale mitigation works, mappi ng and data computerisation, research and 
dissemination, advocacy and education. A new initiative is an ope ration under the "Safe 
Hospital" programme, undertaken by the Pan Amer ican Health Organization in co-operation 
with the International Strategy for disaster  Reduction. Recent experience after Hurricane 
Dean shows that measures undertaken by DIPE CHO programmes are effe ctive in minimising 
casualties and saving lives. 
EN 74   EN Central America 
Central America is particularly exposed to na tural disasters such as volcanoes, earthquakes, 
hurricanes, tropical storms, and landslides. The lo sses and destruction that result from these 
disasters are significant from a social and econo mic point of view and reduce the development 
potential of the region. Furthermore, Centra l America experiences frequent small-scale 
disasters affecting relatively few communities,  where donors are unlikely to intervene due to 
the limited scale of the event, but which have a considerable negative impact on the livelihoods of those affected. These events, as we ll as large-scale disasters such as Hurricane 
Mitch in 1998, Stan in 2005 and Felix in 2007, hi ghlight the increasing need for disaster 
preparedness activities in the region, and the significance of community-based disaster risk 
reduction efforts. Such efforts enable the communities at risk to lessen the impact of the disasters and prepare themselves for when natural disasters occur.  
A Fifth DIPECHO Action Plan for Central America was impl emented in 2007. An amount of 
€ 7,500,000 was allocated to improve the capacities of communities at risk  to better prepare 
for and protect themselves against natural disaster s in six countries in th e region: El Salvador, 
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica a nd Panama, the latter two countries being 
covered only by regional projects. An extern al evaluation of the DIPECHO programme was 
carried out in 2007. According to the final evaluation report, " Support for community-based 
Disaster preparedness in Central America has been and remains very relevant in the national 
and regional contexts. The programme's overri ding objective of reducing risk by better 
preparing vulnerable populations in the most disa ster prone areas maintains a high level of 
pertinence. Disaster preparedness remains a key factor to saving lives and ensuring an 
appropriate response […]. The programme conti nues to fill a gap taken up on by very few 
other agencies or programmes; DIPECHO pr ogramme and objectives are generally well 
understood by beneficiaries. The DRR initiatives of  other EC services, national and regional 
efforts, and of bilateral co-operation emerge ncies are meagre and do not provide a basis for 
phasing out DIPECHO in the short or even medium term ." 
At the end of 2007, the strategy for the Sixth Ac tion Plan was defined in collaboration with 
the main stakeholders in each country throug h four national consultative meetings, one 
regional consultative meeting, an analysis of existing legislat ion, donor activities in DRR and 
the current/planned national DRR strategies and the recommendations from the above-
mentioned evaluation. 
South America 
South America is one of the most highly disa ster-prone regions of the world, exposed to 
panoply of natural disasters due  to its geography, geology and climate: The El Niño event, 
attributed to warming in the Eastern and centr al Pacific, causes regular floods and droughts. 
The region is also particularly vulnerable to  earthquakes and many volcanoes are still active. 
In 2007, the major natural disaster has been the devastating earthquake th at struck Peru in 
August 2007 but many small to medium scale disast ers have also occurred with affects across 
the whole region. Since 1999, four DIPECHO Action Plans have been implemented. 
The Fifth Action Plan for South America, with a budget of € 6,500,000 was launched in 2007 
and led to the funding of project s in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador , Peru and Venezuela and for 
the very first time, some cross boarder projects with Argentina and Paraguay. 
EN 75   EN On the basis of lessons learned from previous  Action Plans and needs identified in the field 
through the consultative process, greater em phasis was placed on the most vulnerable 
populations in disaster-prone areas such as  urban centres; on maintaining access to basic 
services such as health, water and sanitati on during a disaster; on the identification of 
indicators to assess loca l capacity and needs, with the fundi ng of bi-national and tri-national 
projects. Coordination with nationa l and regional authorities rema ins a real commitment in the 
programme. It has to be mentione d that this coordination proce ss involves also the relevant 
EC Delegations and the regi onal EU project PREDECAN. 
Central Asia 
Central Asia is permanently threatened by potential large-scale disasters, in particular, 
earthquakes and by numerous small or medium  scale disasters such as floods, mudflows, 
avalanches, flash floods, landslides, etc. Ri sk is exacerbated by poor national coping 
capacities and a near absence of  co-ordination mechanisms, analysis and preventative 
measures. One after the other, these disasters erode capacities and threaten people livelihoods.  
In December 2006, the European Commission adopt ed its Fourth DIPECHO Action Plan for 
Central Asia (€ 6,050,000), which covers the period February 2007-July  2008. This decision 
concerns Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenist an, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, including small 
cross border initiatives with Northern Af ghanistan and will bring the total DIPECHO 
investment in the region to € 15,050,000. This fourth action plan has financed 20 grants 
agreements in the following activities: developi ng local disaster management plans, disaster 
and vulnerability mapping, establishing early wa rning systems, traini ng and equipping rapid 
response, search and rescue and medical teams,  developing curricula a nd training programmes 
on safe construction practices, and improveme nt of the coordination and the linking to 
national platforms for disaster prep aredness with the support of UNDP. 
In November 2007, DG ECHO organised the firs t regional consultative meeting on Disaster 
Risk Reduction, which has confirmed the re levance and the success of the DIPECHO 
programme in the region. This conference was also  the opportunity to c onsult partners in the 
framework of the preparation of the Fift h DIPECHO action plan (€ 7,325,000) which will 
cover the period July 2008-December 2009 and the five Central Asia Countries. 
South Asia 
South Asia is one of the most vulnerable regions to natural disa sters. The social and political 
structures, demographic pressures, the structure of settlements, agricultural practices and economic development result in  a population which is extrem ely vulnerable to natural 
disasters such as earthquakes, floods, cyclon es, drought and landslides . 2007 has witnessed a 
large numbers of floods affecting Pakista n, India and Bangladesh linked notably to a 
particular strong monsoon. The year has ended with the cyclone SIDR that has affected 
thousands of people in southern Banglad esh reminding once more the important and 
pertinence of good disaster preparation. The F ourth DIPECHO Action Plan for South Asia 
with a budget of € 7,500,000 was launched in 2007 for projec ts to be carried out in 
Afghanistan (for the first time), Bangladesh, Indi a, Nepal and Pakistan. Clear priorities were 
once more given to a community-based approach  for the most remote, disaster prone areas 
and vulnerable people while at the same tim e targeting earthquake-prone vulnerable 
populations in urban areas, such as big ci ties in Bangladesh and the Kathmandu valley.  
EN 76   EN Coordination mechanisms between partners and joint advocacy for Disaster Risk Reduction 
and thus also for a culture of preparedness, ha ve been the most important achievements over 
the last two years and will remain a high pr iority during this Action Plan. DG ECHO has 
directly contributed to raisi ng national awareness about DRR,  reiterating the obligation of 
authorities to implement the Hyogo Framework for Action  using community-based projects as 
the main advocacy platform for overall disaster management practices. 
South East Asia 
South East Asia is another highly disaster-prone  area in the world. This area is particularly 
exposed to floods, flash flooding, typhoons, lands lides, earthquakes, drought, forest fires, 
volcanoes and tsunamis. The losses and destruc tion that result from these disasters are 
considerable from a social and economic point of view, reducing the development potential of 
the poorer countries of the region especially where large parts of  the populations are living in 
remoter areas with weak infrastructure. The disasters that affected  this region in 2007, 
although mostly small to medium scale, from floods, landslides, earthqua kes in Indonesia, to 
typhoons in Vietnam, floods in Vietnam and th e Philippines, highlig hted yet again the 
importance of disaster prepare dness activities – especially at the community level. Over the 
years DG ECHO has launched five Regional Acti on Plans for South East Asia of which the 
latest was implemented in 2007. The Fift h DIPECHO Action Plan (€ 7,000,000) covered 
seven countries in the region: Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Lao PDR, the Philippines, 
Thailand and Vietnam, although Lao PDR and Tha iland are only covered by regional projects.  
At the end of 2007, the strategy for the Sixth Ac tion Plan was defined in collaboration with 
the main stakeholders in each country through Na tional Consultative meeti ngs, the analysis of 
existing legislation, donor activ ities in DRR and the current/p lanned national DRR strategies 
plus the recommendations from the 2006 evalua tion of the DIPECHO strategy in the region. 
Drought Preparedness in the Horn of Af rica and Disaster Preparedness in the 
south-east Africa and the south-west Indian Ocean Region. 
In 2006, DG ECHO adopted a significant re gional decision (€ 10,0 00,000) on disaster 
preparedness for pastoralist popul ations in the Greater Horn of  Africa (i.e. S udan, Djibouti, 
Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Eritr ea). DG ECHO financed actions supported the 
establishment of contingency planning measures, early warning systems and community-based mechanisms for response to the inevitable cycles of droughts. Acti vities financed under 
the 2006 decision continued to be implemen ted throughout 2007. (For more information on 
the drought preparedness programme in the Horn of Africa, see the Horn  of Africa section.)  
In 2007 DG ECHO undertook an ex-ante evaluation of  disaster preparedne ss in the south-east 
Africa and south-west Indian O cean region. This ex-ante evalua tion is being followed up with 
the preparation of a DIPECHO Action Plan for th e south-east Africa a nd south-west Indian 
Ocean region (€ 5,000,000). 
EN 77   EN PART  II. P OLICY ISSUES  
In order to improve the qual ity of humanitarian aid de livered, DG ECHO follows and 
develops policy issues with re levant partners, in specific areas (such as food, protection, 
HIV/AIDS, children, disaster preparedness civil-military coordination and the UN-instigated humanitarian reform etc). The European Comm ission and other donors agreed to 23 principles 
of "Good Humanitarian Donorship "(GHD) in 2003 to address good practice in humanitarian 
financing and donor accountability, stressing inte r alia the need for aid to be targeted 
according to need: not political affiliation, et hnicity, religion or race. In 2007, DG ECHO 
continued to support the GHD-prin ciples through a sp ecific activity pla n. Actions included 
coordination with other donors and organisati ons on methods for needs-based allocations, 
building inter alia  on DG ECHO's instrument for Global Needs Assessment. Other activities 
included strong support for disaster preparedne ss and the response capacity of humanitarian 
organisations, as well engaging in increas ed donor coordination at all levels. 
Due to a number of developments, the European humanitarian aid policy needed to be 
reviewed in order to confirm and/or adapt its underlying values, principles and working 
modalities. Moreover, the international context in which humanitarian aid takes place has changed considerably, not only in terms of the na ture, frequency and intens ity of disasters, but 
also in terms of the geopolitical context in wh ich it operates. International humanitarian aid is 
therefore being reformed, a process that is  driven by major donors and international aid 
organisations, above all the United Nations. New actors have appeared on the scene such as 
non-traditional donors, including actors from the cor porate sector or states that have hitherto 
not been active in human itarian aid. Similarly, military and civil protection forces have come 
to play a significant role in some circumstan ces and need to be ta ken account of in many 
humanitarian operations. While much of this policy terrain is covered by the Good 
Humanitarian Donorship Initiative , this initiative has never been endorsed at EU level. 
Finally, the EU is striving to strengthen its exte rnal action with a view to increased coherence, 
efficiency and effectiveness.  
To reply to these developments , an initiative was launched in order to propose ways for the 
EU to effectively confront the changing humani tarian aid environment. The reflexion on its 
position at European and world leve ls, ways of intervention and relations with its partners or 
other humanitarian actors has resulted in the adoption of a Communication
8 "Towards a 
European consensus on Humanitarian Aid " in June 2007. In developing its communication, 
the Commission reviewed lessons learnt in it s response to a number of major crises and 
conducted an intensive process of its humanita rian partners and of Member States. The 
consultation showed considerable consensus on  the challenges faced by humanitarian aid 
workers and the need for the Union to take a clea r stance in this respect. The negotiations with 
the European Parliament and Council which fo llowed the communicatio n led to the adoption 
of the statement on the European Consen sus in December 2007. Signed by the three 
Institutions, it confirms the principles and best  practices for humanitarian action with the aim 
at promoting a coordinated approach that woul d allow the Union to maximise its contribution 
to the international humanitarian response. 
A paper on children in humanitarian crises  has progressed with disc ussions with partners 
and stakeholders over the su mmer 2007. The Commission Staff work ing paper will be part of 
                                                      
8 COM(2007)317  
EN 78   EN a package developed jointly with DG DEVELOPMENT9. Operational fiches will be 
developed in 2008.  
DG ECHO implemented technical working groups  on medical aspects of funded projects for 
public health emergencies ( Anopheles ) or on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene ( Aquarius ), 
combining different expertises with DG ECHO. It also includes terms of reference as well as 
work plans. 
DG ECHO provided political a nd financial support for the cluster approach  that has been 
established through the UN-instigated humanitari an reform. The cluster approach aims at 
clarifying the division of labour  among organisations, and bett er defining their roles and 
responsibilities in order to identify and plug response gaps in the overall humanitarian effort. 
DG ECHO has used its bilateral dialogues with  humanitarian organi sations, international 
meetings and its Delegations in Geneva and New York to advocate for increased accountability of UN-agencies and other organisations.  
Finally, DG ECHO continued to support thematic funding, by funding UN agencies and the 
Red Cross aiming at reinforcing their core ca pacities. This funding  supports the cluster 
approach as it strengthens the cluster capaci ty building of cluster-lead organisations. 
                                                      
9 Communication adopted in February 2008 "A Special Place for Children in EU External Action" 
EN 79   EN PART  III. R ELATIONS WITH OTHER EU INSTITUTIONS , MEMBER STATES , MAJOR 
HUMANITARIAN PARTNERS AND NON -EU  DONORS  
1. EU Institutions and Member States 
As in previous years, DG ECHO pursued an active relationship with other Institutions, 
Member States and Internati onal Organisations and continued to promote the respect for 
international humanitarian law and humanita rian principles (humanity, impartiality, non-
discrimination and neutrality), particularly in relation to developments under the Common 
Foreign and Security Policy. It ensured also that the necessity to respect the humanitarian space during emergencies has duly been taken into  account in the European and international 
debate. This objective includes also the work done in resp ect to the Ombudsman and the 
Committee on Petitions. 
In 2007, the work and negotiations leading to  the EU Consensus on Humanitarian Aid 
represented the key process for DG ECHO's activ e interaction with the European Parliament 
and the Council on humanitarian issues. Commissioner Louis Michel, accompanied by 
DG ECHO representatives, participated in the meeting of the European Parliament Development Committee on 18 December. DG EC HO also contributed to the Hearing 
organised on 29 January 2008 by the European Parliament Committee on Development as a follow-up to the Consensus.  
At the Community institutional level , DG ECHO continued to be active throughout 2007 
with a view to ensuring that the humanitarian principles remained high on the agenda within 
the EU institutions. This was particularly th e case in discussions with military and civil 
protection actors.  
DG ECHO also maintained close contacts with other  Commission services  in particular with 
DG Environment – civil protectio n and DG External Relations as far crisis response is 
concerned. A revised Memorandum of Understa nding on coordination  on disaster response 
was signed by the three services  who also agreed on a standard model for joint situation 
response. 
As regards relations with the military
, meetings with Council  were arranged and have led to 
concrete operational follow up. Following the ad option in 2006 of the General Framework for 
the Use of Member States' Milita ry or Military Chartered Trans portation Assets and European 
Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) Coordination  Tools in support of EU Disaster Response, 
a "table top" exercise was organised with Mil itary Staff of the European Union (EUMS) to 
test the Standard Operating Procedures develope d for its practical implementation. In order to 
inform DG ECHO experts/staff of these deve lopments, a special session devoted to these 
subjects was organised during the 2007 Experts Seminar with the participation of the EUMS. 
With regard to Member States , seven monthly meetings of the Humanitarian Aid Committee 
(HAC) were organised as well as two info rmal meetings. The German and Portuguese 
Informal HAC meetings took as their commo n theme the Communication on the "European 
Consensus on Humanitarian Aid" . Following its adoption, the German Presidency tabled 
Council Conclusions welcoming the Consensus initiative and the Portuguese Presidency 
tabled a draft consensus. 
EN 80   EN In relation to the European Parliament , DG ECHO presented its dr aft operational strategy 
for 2008 to the Development Committee (CODEV) on 17/12/07. DG ECHO continued to monitor in particular the work of the DE VE Committee and to further consolidate the 
relations with the Humanitarian Rapporteur , including active appearances at DEVE and 
regular meetings with the Rapporteur and Europ ean Parliament staff. It also successfully 
coordinated DG ECHO's replies and input to written and oral  questions emanating from 
Members of European Parliament.  
Other tasks completed during the year were (1 ) to make sure that DG ECHO complied with 
the obligations arising from the European Par liament's right of scrutiny, (2) provision of 
substantial input to the nego tiations between Commission and European Parliament on a new 
Bilateral Agreement between the European Parl iament and the Commission on procedures for 
implementing the Comitology Decision which will contain a provision allowing for a 
permanent derogation for humanitarian aid decisi ons from the one month deadline of the right 
of scrutiny and (3) follow-up of the alignment exercise to the new comitology decision and 
provided DG ECHO's contribution to the exercise. 
2. Relations with international organ isations and non-EU major donors 
On the international front and in order to ensure a stra tegic and trustworthy dialogue 
between DG ECHO and UN-agencies, NGOs and the Red Cross Movement (ICRC and 
IFRC), yearly high-level Strate gic Partnership Dialogues (SPD s) are organised with each 
organisation. The SPDs represents an opportu nity for DG ECHO to exchange views on key 
issues and developments with its main partne rs. Six of such SPDs were organised in 2007. 
DG ECHO participates actively in the OCHA  - and ICRC Donor S upport Groups through 
which main donors provide strategic advice to the organisations. Activ ities include regular 
meetings in Geneva and New Yor k, as well as participation in yearly high-level international 
conferences and field missions.  
In the framework of its relations with non-EU major donors , DG ECHO maintained contacts 
with the US Administration (USAID
10 and PRM11) in particular through regular 
videoconferences, addressing gene ral policy issues and humanitarian operations in specific 
countries with a view to ensuring a coherent and complementary response. 
                                                      
10 United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 
11 Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration - US (PRM) 
EN 81   EN PART  IV. O THER ACTIVITIES  
1. Experts in the field 
In order to meet the target of 100 experts defi ned in the post-tsunami action plan of January 
2005, DG ECHO pursued its consolidation in the recruitment of field experts, aiming at 
organising multi-sectoral rapid response teams. This allows DG ECHO to rapidly dispatch its 
field experts to new crisis situations to carry out humanitarian needs assessments and 
participate in the coordination of hu manitarian activities in the field. 
In 2007, experts were recruited in the context of the rein forcement of Regional Support 
Offices, to work in new country offices or to reinforce existing ones. At the end of the year, 
96 experts were under contract s and 7 recruitment procedur es were ongoing. This number 
fluctuates slightly with the closure or downsizing of certain offices and the reinforcement of others according to needs. 
2. Security issues 
The security of humanitarian personnel in the field is a growing concer n for all humanitarian 
bodies. During the past year, there were a si gnificant number of vi olent acts directly 
committed against humanitarian aid workers. In particular, the number of incidents involving 
national/local NGO staff increased compared to those involving international staff. These 
security incidents continued to undermine the operational efficiency and effectiveness of 
humanitarian partners. In this context, DG ECHO continued to pursue its efforts to strengthen 
its own security management system at hea dquarters and in the field through improved co-
ordination and collaboration on se curity issues with appropria te humanitarian partners.  
DG ECHO has established its own comprehensiv e security policy, taking into account the 
specificity of humanitarian aid delivery. This policy is coordinated by a specialised Security 
Advisor with a 24/7 permanence for DG ECHO headquarters and field staff and a direct 
reporting line to the Director Ge neral (regular meetings). His risk/threat assessment covers 
safety and security risks including advises on security sensitive missions. 
In 2007, the emphasis has been put on security trai ning courses for all expert s, local staff, etc. 
working in hostile environment. An increased number of "pre-mission" security briefings 
were given to headquarters' st aff travelling on mission to high risk security environments. 
DG ECHO's safety/security guidelines and procedures were submitted for inclusion in the Information Pack for Field staff. 
DG ECHO appointed a ne w Regional Security Coordinator based in India, who will provide 
safety/security advice and s upport to all staff in Asia. 
Finally, DG ECHO has initiated during the last qu arter of 2007 the forma lisation of existing 
close contacts with the concerned EC services , in view of further discussing and developing 
the appropriate balance between ensuring the coherence of security issues within the 
Commission and the efficient impl ementation of Humanitarian Aid. 
EN 82   EN 3. Thematic funding and Grant Facility 
a) Thematic funding  
Thematic funding is covered by  article 4 of the Council Re gulation (EC) n° 1257/96 on 
humanitarian aid. While remaining crisis-orien ted and answering primar ily to the needs of 
populations that are victims of humanitarian disasters and co nflicts, DG ECHO also finances, 
to a limited extent, the reinforcement of  the core capacities of its partners.  
In order to correct deficiencies in the genera l response to humanitarian emergencies, the UN 
Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) commissioned an independent review12 of the global 
humanitarian system in 2005. Following this review, a Humanitarian Reform Programme 
(HRP) was adopted by the Inter-Agency St anding Committee (IASC) in September 2005, 
aimed at improving the humanitarian res ponse by, among others, the introduction of a cluster 
approach13. The European Commission has confirmed full commitment to contribute to this 
reform process. In particular, DG ECHO fund s selected lead agencies through thematic 
funding, aiming at reinforcing their capacities to  fulfil their leadersh ip responsibilities to 
ensure a coherent, timely, consistent, and effective humanitarian response.  
A new approach to thematic funding has also been developed for the period 2007/2008, 
centring the thematic fundi ng around a common theme which is the support to the 
humanitarian reform, in particular th e cluster approach and coordination:  
During the year, DG ECHO supported UN agencies  and Red Cross movement organisations 
as lead agencies for a to tal amount of € 27,500,000, of which € 23,000,000 is allocated for a 
two-years round.  
The emphasis has been put on the following gaps which are targeted to create an effective 
response capacity: assessing sector capacity, strengthening surge capac ity, capacity building, 
increase of the availability of relief items at the onset of new emergencies, development of 
standard operating procedures, applying benchm arks to measure performance and improving 
coordination and support for the cluster to address the above.  
                                                      
12 Humanitarian Response Review, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 
(UNOCHA), Aug 2005 
13 The Cluster Approach aims to ensu re e.g. sufficient global capacity and improved strategic field-level 
coordination. The approach is designed around the concept of partnerships between UN agencies, the 
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement , international organisations and NGOs. Partners 
work together towards agreed common humanitarian objectives both at the global level (preparedness, 
standards, tools, stockpiles and capacity-building) and at the field level (assessment, planning, delivery 
and monitoring). http://www.humanitarian info.org/iasc/content/default.asp  
EN 83   EN  
THEMATIC FUNDING IN 2007 
Partner and type of funding Amount allocated
UN-OCHA – Humanitarian In formation Systems  3.500.000 
UNICEF – Protection of children and women  1.500.000 
UNICEF – Preparedness and response cap acity to humanitarian crises   4.500.000 
WFP – Humanitarian Logi stics capacities – Resp onse Depot Network  4.300.000 
WFP – Assessing Emergency needs in food security   4.500.000 
UNHCR – Emergency Shelter Cluster   900.000 
IFRC – Response to natural disasters  4.000.000 
WHO – Support Health Emergencies  4.300.000 
TOTAL  27.500.000 
b) Grant Facility  
As regards NGOs, the equivalent of thematic fu nding is the Grant Facili ty. Based on article 4 
of Council Regulation n° 1257/199 6, the Grant Facility was es tablished by DG ECHO during 
the Nineties in order to finance capacity build ing of non governmental partner organisations 
on the most relevant humanitarian aid issues.  
In 2007, the objective of the Grant Facility fundi ng was to improve the quality of EC-financed 
humanitarian aid and the perfor mance of the overall humanitari an system by strengthening the 
organisational preparedness, management and response capacity, and accountability of 
humanitarian NGOs through the provision of targeted sectoral training and relevant 
networking activities. 
4. Finance and Audit  
DG ECHO has formal systems for regularly monitoring financial information  and providing 
adequate management information. Specific financ ial indicators have b een incorporated into 
an overall scoreboard.  
Humanitarian activities are subj ect to financial audits, both at partners’ headquarters for 
finalised projects and in the fi eld for on-going projects. In resp ect of the Headquarter audits, 
DG ECHO uses an external firm of auditors to  scrutinise DG ECHO pr ojects over a two-year 
cycle involving an examination of partners’ systems and the use of DG ECHO funds. In 2007, 
69 headquarter audits were completed and 37 fi eld audits were finalised on projects under 
way. 
5. Communication and information 
Regarding its communication strategy, DG ECHO  undertook a range of actions in pursuit of 
its broad objective to boost understanding in Europe and developing countries of the 
concrete contribution made  by humanitarian aid to the EU commitment of solidarity with 
developing countries. The EU is  collectively the wo rld's largest humanitarian donor. As the 
leading relief funder in the Union, the Commissi on has a leadership ro le in communicating 
the values that underlie European aid.  
EN 84   EN Within the EU, there is a high level of support for humanitarian action at European level. 
While public awareness of the Commission's work  in this area has increased, many Europeans 
still have only a limited knowledge  of the subject. The delivery of relief strikes a chord with 
most people and therefore presents an opport unity for the Commission to 'connect' positively 
with citizens. 
With regard to printed public ations, a thematic brochure on solidarity dedicated to the young 
people, photo-books, postcards and bookmarks as  well as a new brochure on the phasing out 
activities in Tajikistan were printed. 
Audiovisual items  were produced such as a General pr esentation of EC humanitarian aid on 
DVD or broadcast of ECHO "spot" on Liberty TV .  
Other communication products included press re leases, witness accounts published on the 
DG ECHO website, new country -specific web sections, editorial features in four airlines in-
flight magazines, an Annual Review  and a range of other publications. 
Joint communications with ma jor institutional partners  were carried out such as (1) WFP : 
Food Force game in Portugal  and Germany; (2) UNHCR : Financed reprint of leaflet 
"Working together to help  refugees" featuring UNHCR- Commission relationship; (3) 
UNICEF:  Chechnya billboards highlighting UNICEF-Commission cooperation with 
accompanying feature on ECHO website; (4) ICRC:  Ongoing implementation of 
Communication Plan of Action. DG ECHO arranged two further venues in Brussels for ICRC 
photo exhibition. Presentation and media in terview at launch of ECHO-funded photo 
exhibition in Warsaw; (5) IFRC:  Press trip to Philip pines organised and (6) WHO : 
Monitoring of visibility com ponent in Middle East fundi ng decision), edited and designed 
advertorial placed by W HO in 'Time' magazine.  
Other events were also organised, such as (1 ) integrated awareness-raising campaigns in 
Baltic States, Slovakia, Germany and Portugal, This included the launching of WFP Food Force Game [Germany and Portugal] and a "humanitarian road s how" travelling to 
Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia ; exhibitions, etc; (2) particip ation in EuropeAid Cooperation 
Office “May 9
th” schools campaign in Austria, France, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, 
Portugal, Slovakia, Spain and the UK; (3) increased participation in major humanitarian 
events, fairs and exhibition in European cities  (International Aid and Trade-Geneva, Salon des 
Solidarités-Paris, DIHAD-Dubai) and (4 ) Participation in Rome Treaty 50th anniversary 
celebrations. 
6. Training initiative 
DG ECHO continued to support the Network on Humanitarian Assistance (NOHA), which 
offers a one-year multi-disciplinary post- graduate diploma with seven universities 
participating across Europe14 with the backing of non-govern mental organisations (NGOs), 
inter-governmental organisations (IGOs) and other actors of th e humanitarian relief 
community. 
                                                      
14 Université Catholique de Louvain - Belgium, Un iversité Paul Cézanne Ai x-Marseille III (UPCAM) - 
France, Ruhr-Universität Bochum - Germany, Univers ity College of Dublin - Ireland, Universidad de 
Deusto - Spain, University of Uppsala - Sweden  and University of Groningen - The Netherlands 
EN 85   EN  
PART  V. E VALUATIONS AND OUTSIDE ASSESSMENTS  
1. 1. Evaluations 
In terms of evaluations , DG ECHO has an evaluation progra mme that covers the evaluation 
of operations, partnership and thematic issues. The function fo cuses on ex-post, ex-ante and 
real time evaluations of operations (usually  where more than €50,000,000 of funds had been 
committed or which had not been evaluated for three years or more as far as the ex-post 
evaluations are concerned, and depending on operational prioriti es for the others) and on 
reviews/studies on sectoral issues. The sta ffing involved in the management of these 
evaluation activities is  of 4 staff members. The budget a llocated to evaluations was of 
€ 1,800,000. 
In 2007, the following evaluations were  finalised and/or launched:  
• Thematic issues : DIPECHO interventions in South East Asia and Central America; 
DG ECHO's financed actions in the heal th sector; Information, communication and 
visibility activities; Us e of cash and vouchers in humanitarian crises; 
• Country operations : Greater Horn of Africa, Pakista n, Haiti, Sahel West Africa region, 
Zimbabwe, North Korea and Tajikistan.  
These evaluations globally confirm the a ppropriateness and relevance of DG ECHO funded 
projects and of the metho dology for needs assessment.  
The evaluation reports are widely distributed and discussed in de pth with the stakeholders as 
they provide an important contributio n to DG ECHO's operational strategy.  
More details on these evaluations are on DG ECHO’s internet site 
http://ec.europa.eu/comm/ec ho/evaluation/index_en.htm . 
2. 2. Outside assessments 
In 2007, there were 2 outside assessments  which touched upon the performance of 
DG ECHO as a humanitarian donor: 
– The DAC Peer Review15 was overall very positive in re spect of the added value of the 
humanitarian assistance provided by the Community in relation to its member states and of 
the overall donor performance of  DG ECHO. Its main recommenda tions related to the need 
to increase DG ECHO's influence on humanitarian international policies and to address the significant under-funding of th e DG ECHO's base budget.  
– The DAC Peer Review report is availabl e in the OECD website "Review of the 
Development Co-operation Policies and Pr ogrammes of the European Community"
16. 
– DARA , an independent organisation committed to improving the quality of development 
and humanitarian organisations through evalua tion, made a comparative assessment in 
                                                      
15 The Development Co-operation Di rectorate (DCD-DAC) within the Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development 
16 http://www.oecd.org/document/48/0,3343,en_2649_201185_39758640_1_1_1_1,00.html 
EN 86   EN 2007 on the adherence of humanitarian donors to the indicators of "good humanitarian 
Donorship". In this comparative analysis, the European Commission was ranked in the 5th 
place overall amongst the 23 main governmental donors. 
– The results are available on DARA's website http://www.daraint.or g/web_en/dara1.html   
 
EN 87   EN PART  VI. F INANCIAL TABLES  
1. DG ECHO budget and decisions fo r Humanitarian aid 1993 - 2007  
TOTAL
Initial Budget Total BUDGET
 Em. Aid Res. Other (Com Appr. )
1993 171.400 209.000 136.010 516.410 90.180 606.590 604.800 99,7%
1994 266.000 212.000 21.200 499.200 263.770 762.970 764.100 100,1%
1995 256.000 254.500 132.000 642.500 46.455 688.955 694.100 100,7%
1996 321.500 324.000 13.970 659.470 10.380 669.850 656.700 98,0%
1997 315.100 0 122.720 437.820 7.420 445.240 441.600 99,2%
1998 325.100 150.000 5.113 480.213 37.387 517.600 517.642 100,0%
1999 330.850 346.000 50.000 726.850 83.432 810.282 812.910 100,3%
2000 471.050 (2) 0 21.410 492.460 2.850 495.310 491.715 99,3%
2001 473.000 40.000 10.000 523.000 20.750 543.750 543.704 100,0%
2002 441.845 80.000 0 521.845 17.475 539.320 537.790 99,7%
2003 441.690 100.000 44.910 586.600 14.105 600.705 600.349  99,9%
2004 490.000 0 28.184 518.184 52.228 570.412 570.342  100,0%
2005 495.500 130.000 5.156 630.656 23.170 653.826 652.499  99,8%
2006 495.729 140.000 7.561 643.290 28.060 671.350 671.007  99,9%
2007 732.160 0 8.854 741.014 28.200 769.214 768.530 99,9%
TOTAL 1993-2007 6.026.924 1.985.500 607.088 8.619.512 725.862 9.345.374 9.327.788 99,8%
AVERAGE
YEARS 1993-2007 401.795 132.367 40.473 574.634 48.391 623.025 621.853 99,8%
AVERAGE
LAST 5 YEARS 531.016 74.000 18.933 623.949 29.153 653.101 652.545 99,9%
(1) Total of chapter B7-21 (lines 210A,210,214,217,219) - As of 01.01.2004 (23.0104 & 23.0201 & 23.0202)ReinforcementsBUDGET COMMISSION  (1)
(2) Part of the emergency reserve was transferred to the budget line B7-210. The emergency reserve (line B7-910) was reduced fr om 346 MEUR in 1999 to 203 MEUR in 2000 and the budget 
in chapter B7-21 was increased by 140 MEUR. It is important to note that the budget was not increased - it was only an increase  of the chapiter B7-21 (humanitarin aid) with a corresponding 
decrease in the chapter B7-91 (emergency aid reserve)Implemen-
tation
rateFINANCIAL
DECISIONSLOME
(EDF+BUDG)YEAR
 
EN 88   EN 2. Evolution of Humanitarian Aid's budget over the last 10 years 
The gradual erosion of the hum anitarian aid budget is in sh arp contrast with both the 
evolution of humanitarian needs and assistance provided by other main donors. 
Although specific trends fluctuate from one year to the next, the overall need for humanitarian 
aid is on a continuous rise. While the effect s of wars and civil conflicts, on which the 
Commission spends roughly three quarters of its humanitarian aid budget, are re latively stable 
– although refugee numbers have recently increa sed – the frequency and severity of natural 
disasters is clearly rising mu ch faster than any humanitari an aid budget. Consequently, the 
Commission's international partners' appeals fo r financing are increasing: for instance, the 
overall annual operational budget of the Inte rnational Committee of the Red Cross has 
increased by 46% since 1996. 
The graph below provides an overview of the EC humanitarian assistance and the assistance 
by the EU (Member States included17) as compared to the official worldwide humanitarian 
assistance18. It shows a steeply rising trend in international humanitarian aid is not mirrored 
by the Community humanitarian aid budget, which ha s been in decline. As  a consequence, in 
real terms, the share Commission's humanitarian a ssistance in official humanitarian assistance 
decreased over this period by 30%19. 
                                                      
17 Before 1997, no consolidated information is available 
18 Since the official humanitarian aid is expressed in US$ and give the sharp currency fluctuations in the 
rate US$/Euro, the aid volume has been calculated at the yearly rate and at an average rate. The year 
2007 is an estimated figure for the total official humanitarian aid (source : http://www.globalhumanitarianassistance.org) 
19 Global data are only available until 2006 – but it is li kely that this trend continued as Member States 
and others keep increased ODA. 
 
EN 89   EN  
 
Global Official Humanitarian Aid 1995-2007 (in million EUR)
0100020003000400050006000700080009000EUR million
TOTAL HA (EUR - yearly rate) 3935 3217 3269 3282 6259 5591 5511 5910 5964 5539 8153 6767 6114
TOTAL HA (EUR - average rate) 4420 3494 3146 3247 5417 4156 4206 5044 6048 6303 8260 7647 7739
EC HA (EUR) 1057 1021 714 786 1065 742 792 767 814 772 851 878 769
EC+MS (EUR) 1226 1708 1961 1402 1712 1497 1818 1745 2471 2276 19491995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Global HA
(average rate)
Global HA
(yearly rate)
EC+MS
EC
 
3. DG ECHO's finalised contracts 1998-2007* 
Signature Year** 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Number of 
contracts signed 1 206 1 202 1 214 1 119 891 878 926 885 1 086 1 148
* include grant agreements for humanitarian aid and cont racts for support expenditure 
(audits, evaluations, information)  and for technical assistance 
** includes contracts from financial year N and any contract from  previous financial 
years but signed in financial year N 
 
EN 90   EN 4. Geographical breakdown of funding decisions 2002-2007 – Global overview 
Country/Region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Africa, Caribbean, Pacific 199.450.000 225.285.000 301.555.000 244.216.500 322.060.000 418.760.000
All Africa 2.000.000
HORN of AFRICA 44.695.000 52.200.000 151.088.000 99.120.000 175.550.000 217.950.000
Chad / Burkina Faso 175.000 2.000.000 12.000.000 14.000.000 14.500.000 30.500.000
Eritrea 1.750.000 1.300.000 1.000.000 4.620.000 6.000.000 6.000.000
Ethiopia 7.750.000 2.000.000 6.998.000 4.500.000 5.000.000 20.000.000
Kenya 2.500.000 3.850.000 2.000.000 9.050.000 9.000.000
Somalia 4.500.000 9.000.000 9.150.000 9.000.000 10.000.000 18.000.000
Sudan 18.000.000 22.000.000 91.000.000 45.000.000 97.000.000 110.450.000
Uganda 2.120.000 8.000.000 18.620.000 14.000.000 19.000.000 24.000.000
Regional drought 5.000.000
Drought preparedness 10.000.000
Echo-Flight (1) 7.900.000 7.900.000 8.470.000 6.000.000
GREAT LAKES / CENTRAL AFRICA 83.400.000 88.500.000 76.890.000 71.000.000 84.050.000 89.500.000
Burundi 17.500.000 15.000.000 18.990.000 17.000.000 17.000.000 19.500.000
Central African Republic 1.000.000 470.000 8.000.000
Congo (Dem. Rep.) 38.100.000 44.000.000 40.000.000 38.000.000 43.000.000 42.500.000
Congo-Brazzaville 4.000.000 2.000.000 2.000.000
Gabon 300.000 24.000.000
Great lakes / Regional 1.000.000
Tanzania 27.000.000 14.900.000 13.500.000 16.050.000 12.000.000
Echo-Flight (1) 500.000 500.000 530.000 500.000 7.000.000 7.500.000 
 
EN 91   EN Country/Region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
WEST AFRICA 21.250.000 31.185.000 25.3 00.000 38.550.000 41 .650.000 46.600.000
Benin 600.000 1.050.000
Epidemics 1.250.000
Guinea Bissau 1.000.000
Liberia, Ivory Coast, Guinea 20.500.000 29.740.000 25.300.000 29.200.000 26.500.000 19.100.000
Mali, Niger, Mauritanie 845.000 8.300.000 12.000.000
Regional 900.000 2.000.000
Sahel 25.500.000
Senegal 750.000
SOUTHERN AFRICA/INDIAN OCEAN 49.500.000 52.000.000 30.800.000 27.750.000 19.200.000 50.400.000
Angola 12.000.000 8.900.000 8.800.000 2.000.000 3.000.000
Africa, Southern - Region al (Lesotho/Swaziland) 30.000.000 25.000.000 2.000.000 1.750.000 5.819.167
Madagascar 1.000.000 2.000.000 500.000 5.380.833
Malawi 1.500.000 5.000.000
Mozambique / Botswana 2.000.000 7.000.000
Namibia 100.000 1.000.000
Zambia 3.000.000 5.000.000 2.000.000 3.500.000 2.200.000 2.000.000
Zimbabwe 2.000.000 13.000.000 15.000.000 15.000.000 12.000.000 30.200.000 
 
EN 92   EN Country/Region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
CARIBBEAN / PACIFIC 605.000 1.400.000 17.477.000 7.796.500 1.610.000 12.310.000
Caraibean / Pacific 605.000 1.400.000 17.477.000 6.496.500 910.000 7.260.000
Haiti 4.500.000
Solomon Island 550.000
Comoros 1.100.000
Papua New Guinea 200.000
Suriname 700.000
  For the years 2001-2003 a detailed breakdown by region was not available in the funding decision and the breakdown for these years is therefore indicative. (1) Echo-flight was used mostly for Air Operations in the Horn of Africa but as of 2001 also for Air Operations in Central Afr ica. From 2006, it is only used in Central Africa
 
 
EN 93   EN Country/Region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Eastern Europe, NIS, Mediterranean, 
Middle East147.430.000 191.141.261 90.705.000 84.087.000 177.900.000 124.897.118
NIS and MONGOLIA 40.500.000 39.200.000 41 .850.000 35.200.000 33 .000.000 25.807.118
Caucasus, Northern (Chechnya) 28.000.000 26.000.000 28.500.000 26.300.000 26.000.000 20.807.118
Caucasus, South (Georgia) 1.800.000 2.200.000 4.000.000 2.000.000 2.000.000 2.000.000
Moldova 3.000.000
Mongolia 700.000 1.000.000 1.000.000 900.000
Tajikistan 10.000.000 10.000.000 8.350.000 6.000.000 5.000.000
WESTERN BALKANS 43.000.000 7.660.000
FRY - Serbie 37.000.000 7.660.000
FRY - Kosovo 2.000.000
fyROM 3.000.000
Regional 1.000.000
MIDDLE EAST 49.590.000 137.138.761 39.88 0.000 39.576.000 134.000.000 89.090.000
Iraq crisis 13.000.000 97.138.761 17.800.000
Palestinian Territories, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria 35.000.000 38.000.000 37.350.000 36.576.000 134.000.000 70.300.000
Yemen 1.590.000 2.000.000 2.530.000 3.000.000 990.000
MEDITERRANEAN / NORTH AFRICA 14.340.000 7.142.500 8.975.000 9.311.000 10.900.000 10.000.000
Algeria 2.000.000
Morocco 975.000
Western Sahara (Sahrawi) 14.340.000 5.142.500 8.000.000 9.311.000 10.900.000 10.000.000 
 
EN 94   EN Country/Region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
Asia, Central & South America 157.615.000 127.060.000 123.323.630 256.945.370 105.491.305 141.865.678
ASIA 137.969.000 116.949.000 111.123.630 239.245.370 86.891.305 109.800.695
Afghanistan/Iran/Pakistan 73.254.000 55.839.000 42.821.000 68.000.000 23.500.000 27.000.000
Bangladesh 5.763.000 9.925.000
Burma/Myanmar/Thailand 8.965.000 11.560.000 19.720.000 16.500.000 15.700.000 19.000.000
Cambodia 5.500.000 4.000.000 3.500.000 2.000.000
China / Tibet 4.450.000 4.800.000 2.000.000
East Timor 1.935.000 2.000.000 250.000 2.500.000 3.000.000 3.000.000
India 5.000.000 2.650.000 3.000.000 6.000.000 2.630.000
Indonesia 3.540.000 3.500.000 3.500.000 2.000.000 9.867.000 1.600.000
Laos 1.130.000 1.700.000 1.500.000 1.200.000
Nepal / Bhutan 3.675.000 4.000.000 4.000.000 6.000.000 7.800.000 6.000.000
North Korea 21.025.000 17.000.000 16.750.000 13.715.000 8.000.000 2.000.000
Philippines 1.000.000 1.650.000 500.000 564.305 2.145.695
Regional 800.000 19.500.000
Sri Lanka 8.300.000 8.100.000 6.500.000 4.000.000 12.000.000 15.000.000
Tsunami 169.630 122.830.370
Vietnam 1.195.000 460.000 2.000.000 
 
EN 95   EN Country/Region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA 19.646.000 10.111.0 00 12.200.000 17.700.000 18.600.000 32.064.983
Bolivia 1.000.000 1.000.000
Central America 6.028.000 520.000 1.000.000 5.700.000 2.000.000
Colombia 9.200.000 8.000.000 8.500.000 12.000.000 12.000.000 13.000.000
Cuba 600.000
Ecuador 1.000.000
Guatemala 2.600.000
Honduras 500.000
Nicaragua 6.000.000
Paraguay 1.500.000
Peru 10.064.983
South America (Colombia excluded) 3.818.000 1.591.000 2.700.000 
 
EN 96   EN Country/Region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
THEMATIC FUNDING 11.700.000 23.196.000 19 .430.000 20.500.000 19 .500.000 27.500.000
Protection of refugees (UNHCR) 11.700.000 11.000.000 5.000.000 4.000.000
Humanitarian Information systems (OCHA) 1.200.000 4.000.000 4.000.000 3.000.000 3.500.000
Protection of victims of armed conflicts (ICRC) 10.000.000 4.000.000 3.000.000Protection of children and women (UNICEF) 996.000 2.000.000 1.800.000 1.500.000
Preparedness and response capacity to hum.crises 
(UNICEF)5.430.000 4.200.000 4.500.000
Humanitarian logistic capa cities - Response Depot 
Network (WFP)4.300.000
Emergency Shelter Cluster (UNHCR) 900.000
Response to Natural Disasters (IFRC) 3.500.000 4.000.000
Assessing Emergency Needs in food security (WFP) 4.500.000 3.500.000 4.500.000Support Health Emergencies (WHO) 3.500.000 4.000.000 4.300.000
GRANTS AND SERVICES 1.000.000 1.400.000
 
 
EN 97   EN Country/Region 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
DISASTER PREPARDENESS 8.000.000 12.000.000 13.700.000 17.500.000 19.050.000 19.500.000
Andean Communities 1.640.000 4.000.000 4.500.000 6.500.000
Carribean 2.500.000 3.500.000 4.000.000
Central Asia 3.000.000 2.500.000 3.500.000 6.050.000
South Asia 2.500.000 5.200.000 6.000.000 7.000.000 7.500.000
South East and Central America 6.360.000 6.000.000 6.000.000 1.500.000
OTHER EXPENDITURE 13.595.000 21.666.000 21.628.000 29.250.000 26.005.627 34.607.038
Experts 8.000.000 12.037.000 13.500.000 18.750.000 14.350.000 20.500.000
Regional Imprest Acc ounts/Regional offices 1.025.000 4.880.000 1.800.000 4.000.000 4.650.000 4.900.000
Support Ependiture (audit, eval, info) 4.570.000 4.749.000 6.328.000 6.500.000 6.188.894 8.900.262
Use of re-assigned revenue 816.733 306.776
BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION 2002-2007 537.790.000 600.348.261 570.341.630 652.498.870 671.006.932 768.529.834
 
 
EN 98   EN 5. Funding decisions for humanitarian aid in 2007 
a) Decisions adopted by the Commission as of 31.12.2007 
Country/sub-region Decisions in € Country/sub-region Decisions in €
AFRICA, CARIBBEAN, PACIFIC 418.760.000 ASIA 109.800.695
All Africa 2.000.000 Bangladesh 9.925.000Regional West Africa 2.000.000 East Timor 3.000.000Regional Sahel 25.500.000 India 2.630.000Regional Southern Africa 5.819.167 Indonesia 1.600.000Burundi 19.500.000 Myanmar/Burma/Thailand 19.000.000
Chad 30.500.000 Nepal 6.000.000
Caribbean 7.260.000 North Korea 2.000.000Central African Republic 8.000.000 Pakistan/Iran/Afghanistan 27.000.000Côte d'Ivoire 500.000 Philippines 2.145.695Congo (Democratic Republic) 50.000.000 Sri Lanka 15.000.000Eritrea 6.000.000 Vietnam 2.000.000Ethiopia 20.000.000 Regional South Asia 19.500.000Guinea  2.000.000
Haiti 4.500.000 Latin America 32.064.983
Kenya 9.000.000 Bolivia 1.000.000Liberia 16.600.000 Colombia 13.000.000Madagascar 5.380.833 Honduras 500.000Mozambique 7.000.000 Nicaragua 6.000.000Solomon Island 550.000 Paraguay 1.500.000Somalia 18.000.000 Peru 10.064.983
Sudan 110.450.000
Tanzania 12.000.000 DIPECHO 19.500.000
Uganda 24.000.000 Central America 1.500.000
Zambia 2.000.000 South America 6.500.000
Zimbabwe 30.200.000 South Asia 7.500.000
Caribbean 4.000.000
Eastern Europe, NIS 25.807.118
Georgia 2.000.000 Thematic funding 27.500.000
Moldova 3.000.000 Supporting HA reform 23.000.000
Northern Caucasus (Chechnya crisis) 20.807.118 Assessment & analysis of hum. Needs 4.500.000
Middle East/North Africa 99.090.000 OTHER FUNDING 36.007.038
Western Sahara (Sahrawi) 10.000.000 Technical assistance 25.400.000Iraq crisis 17.800.000 Evaluation/Communication/Audit 5.550.000Middle East (Palestinian population) 60.000.000 Grants and Services 1.400.000
Middle East (Lebanon) 10.300.000 Other 3.657.038
Yemen 990.000
Total ECHO funding 2007 768.529.834
 
 
EN 99   EN b) Execution countries of Decisions  adopted by the Commission as of 31.12.2007 
Country/sub-region Decisions in € Country/sub-region Decisions in €
AFRICA, CARIBBEAN, PACIFIC 422.760.000 Eastern Europe, NIS 25.807.118
Angola 44.444 Georgia 2.000.000Belize 600.000 Moldova 3.000.000Benin 44.444 Northern Caucasus (Chechnya crisis) 20.807.118Botswana 44.444Burkina Faso 5.861.111 ASIA 110.300.695
Burundi 19.544.444 Afghanistan * 14.071.426Cameroon 44.444 Bangladesh * 17.496.429Cape Verde 44.444 Bhutan * 1.071.429Central African Republic 8.044.444 East Timor 3.000.000Chad 35.494.444 India * 15.201.429Congo   44.444 Indonesia 1.600.000Congo (Democratic Republic) 50.044.444 Myanmar/Burma 10.000.000Côte d'Ivoire 544.444 Nepal * 9.071.429Djibouti 44.444 North Korea 2.000.000
Dominica 600.000 Pakistan * 8.071.429
Dominican Republic 3.010.000 Philippines 2.145.695Equatorial Guinea 44.444 Sri Lanka * 15.571.429Eritrea 6.044.444 Thailand 9.000.000Ethiopia 20.044.444 Vietnam 2.000.000Gabon 44.444Gambia 44.444Ghana 711.111 Latin America 40.064.983
Guinea  2.044.444 Argentina * 650.000Guinea  Bissau 44.444 Bolivia * 1.650.000Haiti * 10.350.000 Brazil * 650.000Jamaica 600.000 Chile * 650.000Kenya 9.044.444 Colombia * 11.850.000Lesotho 2.954.028 Costa Rica * 250.000Liberia 16.644.444 Ecuador * 1.850.000
Madagascar 5.425.277 El Salvador * 250.000
Malawi 44.444 Guatemala * 250.000Mali 3.044.444 Honduras * 750.000Mauritania 4.044.444 Nicaragua * 6.250.000Mauritius 44.444 Panama * 250.000Mozambique 7.044.444 Paraguay * 2.150.000Namibia 44.444 Peru * 10.714.983Niger 5.644.444 Uruguay * 650.000Nigeria 44.444 Venezuela * 1.250.000Rwanda 44.444Sahel 2.300.019
DIPECHO * 19.500.000
Saint Lucia 600.000 Central America 1.500.000
Sao Tome e Principe 44.444 South America 6.500.000
Senegal 44.444 South Asia 7.500.000
Sierra Leone 44.444 Caribbean 4.000.000
Solomon Islands 550.000
Somalia 18.044.444 Thematic funding 27.500.000
Sudan 110.494.444 Supporting HA reform 23.000.000
Swaziland 2.954.028 Assessment & analysis of hum. Needs 4.500.000
Tanzania 12.044.444Togo 1.211.111 Other funding 36.007.038
Uganda 24.044.444 Technical assistance 25.400.000
Zambia 2.044.444 Evaluation/Communication/Audit 5.550.000
Zimbabwe 30.244.444 Grants and Services 1.400.000
Middle East/North Africa 106.090.000 Other 3.657.038
Algeria (Western Sahara) 10.000.000
Egypt 2.000.000
Iran 7.000.000Iraq 7.800.000
Jordan 12.750.000
Middle East (Palestinian population) 34.050.000 Total ECHO funding 2007 768.529.834
Middle East (Lebanon) 16.750.000
Syrian Arab Republic 12.750.000Turkey 2.000.000 * Dipecho decisions are split in the recipient countries. The
Yemen 990.000 amounts given under the Dipecho label are for information only
 
 
EN 100   EN 6. Partners in DG ECHO's humanitarian assistance 
6.1. Partners categories DG ECHO does not implement assistance programme s itself. It is a donor who implements its 
mission by funding Community huma nitarian actions through partners  which have signed 
either the Framework Partnership Agreem ent (FPA) such as European NGOs and 
International Organisations (Red Cross fa mily) or the Financia l and Administrative 
Framework Agreement (FAFA) for the UN agencies. 
The relative share of these 3 categories of partners is illustrated below: 
% of funding by partner category 2007
NGO
47%
Int Org
11%UN
42%
 
Over the last five years there has been a d ecrease in NGO funding against an increase of UN 
funding as shown in the picture below: 
 
EN 101   EN  
57%62%
53%52%
47%
30%
29%34%37%42%
13%
9%12%
11%11%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%
NGO UN Int OrgFunding by category of partner (2003-2007) including food aid
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
 
However, the 2007 figures are not entirely co mparable with previous years, given the 
integration of the food aid budget line whereb y food aid is largely implemented by a small 
number of UN and International Organisations . If food aid is excl uded, funding by category 
of partners is the following and the decrease tendency of NGO funding is reversed (increase 
of % in comparison with 2006). 
57%62%
53%52% 58%
30%
29%34%37%
28%
13%
9%12%
11%14%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%
NGO UN Int OrgFunding by category of partner (2003-2007) without food aid
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 
 
EN 102   EN 6.2. Contracts by Category and Nationality of Partners 2007 
Contracts signed with NGOs are summarised below, ranked by nationality of partner in the table below. 
The two next tables show a re partition of contracts signed with UN agencies and International 
Organisations. 
Nationality of partner TOTAL % all % NGO  
AUSTRIA 8.843.114 1,2% 2,5% 
BELGIUM 8.864.156 1,2% 2,5% 
CANADA 7.500.000 1,0% 2,1% 
CZECH REPUBLIC 545.000 0,1% 0,2% 
DENMARK 17.241.416 2,3% 4,9% 
FRANCE 77.332.276 10,4% 21,9% 
GERMANY 32.344.729 4,4% 9,1% 
GREECE 1.676.220 0,2% 0,5% 
IRELAND 10.515.187 1,4% 3,0% 
ITALY 25.342.327 3,4% 7,2% 
LUXEMBURG 210.000 0,0% 0,1% 
NETHERLANDS 25.754.196 3,5% 7,3% 
NORWAY 10.300.443 1,4% 2,9% 
POLAND 1.394.367 0,2% 0,4% 
PORTUGAL 1.379.519 0,2% 0,4% 
SPAIN 28.856.679 3,9% 8,2% 
SWEDEN 1.133.000 0,2% 0,3% 
SWITZERLAND 5.333.171 0,7% 1,5% 
UNITED KINGDOM 89.048.002 12,0% 25,2% 
Subtotal NGOs 353.613.801 47,7% 100,0% 
INTERNATIONAL 387.062.847 52,3%   
Grand Total 740.676.648 100,0%   
 
UNITED NATIONS AGENCIES TOTAL
 % all 
FAO 15.611.623 2,1% 
OCHA 10.288.295 1,4% 
PAHO 2.355.000 0,3% 
UNCHS-HABITAT 1.113.068 0,2% UNDP 10.287.818 1,4% 
UNESCAP 461.000 0,1% 
UNFPA 1.104.000 0,1% UNHCR 49.367.700 6,7% 
UNICEF 29.515.529 4,0% 
UNRWA 19.981.857 2,7% WFP 156.334.560 21,1% 
WHO 11.556.409 1,6% 
Total 307.976.859 41,6% 
 INTERNATIONAL ORG. TOTAL % all 
Red Cross (ICRC)  54.625.000 7,4% 
Red Cross (IFRC) 14.594.307 2,0% 
International Org. For Migration 9.583.653 1,3% 
Mekong River Commission 283.027 0,0% 
Total 79.085.987 10,7% 
 
 
EN 103   EN 6.3. List of contracts for humanita rian aid operations by partner 
CONTRACTS FOR HUMANITARI AN OPERATIONS IN 2007 
HOPE SHORT NAME LE KEY PARTNERS LONG NAME FPA 
Cat. Amount % 
ACH- ESP 6000056743 ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) NGO 10.401.909 1,40% 
ACF - FRA 6000054039 ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) NGO 15.548.121 2,10% 
ACTIONAID 6000055953 ACTIONAID (GBR) NGO 3.584.375 0,48% 
ADRA - DK 6000057779 ADVENTIST DEVELOPMENT AND RELIEF AGENCY - DENMARK NGO 1.204.089 0,16% 
ADRA - DEU 6000053698 Adventistische Entwicklungs- und Katastrophenhilfe e.V. NGO 1.000.000 0,14% 
AGA KHAN 6000055954 AGA KHAN FOUNDATION (United Kingdom) NGO 1.209.299 0,16% 
ACTED 6000055547 AGENCE D'AIDE A LA COOPERATION TECHNIQUE ET AU DEVELOPPEMENT, (FR) NGO 7.664.113 1,03% 
AMI - FRA 6000055590 AIDE MEDICALE INTERNATIONALE, (FR) NGO 7.787.756 1,05% 
ASB - DEU 6000053398 ARBEITER-SAMARITER-BUND DEUTSCHLAND e.V. NGO 650.000 0,09% 
MSF - NLD 6000054030 ARTSEN ZONDER GRENZEN (NLD) NGO 2.037.003 0,28% 
ACP 6000055731 ASAMBLEA DE COOPERACION POR LA PAZ, (E) NGO 1.190.207 0,16% 
ACSUR - MADRID 6000055754 Asociación para la Cooperación con el Sur ¿LAS SEGOVIAS¿ NGO 315.000 0,04% 
AVSI 6000056014 ASSOCIAZIONE VOLONTARI PER IL SERVIZIO INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) NGO 3.097.277 0,42% 
ASF-BELGIUM 6000074230 Aviation sans Frontières Belgique/Piloten zonder Gr enzen België NGO 2.302.388 0,31% 
AYUDA EN ACCIÓN 6000084697 AYUDA EN ACCIÓN, (E) NGO 250.000 0,03% 
BBC-TRUST 6000074339 BBC World Service Trust NGO 349.036 0,05% 
CROIX-ROUGE - BEL 6000055024 BELGISCHE RODE KRUIS/CROIX ROUGE DE BELGIQUE, (BEL) NGO 1.649.523 0,22% 
 
EN 104   EN HOPE SHORT NAME LE KEY PARTNERS LONG NAME FPA 
Cat. Amount % 
CARE - FR 6000054722 CARE FRANCE, (FR) NGO 5.227.778 0,71% 
CARE - DEU 6000054038 CARE INTERNATIONAL DEUTSCHLAND E.V. (DEU) NGO 2.572.026 0,35% 
CARE - UK 6000055956 CARE INTERNATIONAL UK  NGO 7.261.869 0,98% 
CARE - AUT 6000054941 CARE ÖSTERREICH - VEREIN FÜR ENTWICKLUNGSZUSAMMENARBEIT UND 
HUMANITÄRE HILFE NGO 6.258.793 0,85% 
CARITAS - AUT 6000058966 CARITAS AUSTRIA, (AUT) NGO 984.321 0,13% 
CARITAS - ESP 6000056762 CARITAS ESPANOLA, (E) NGO 400.000 0,05% 
CARITAS - FRA 6000055573 CARITAS FRANCE - SECOURS CATHOLIQUE, (FR) NGO 530.000 0,07% 
CARITAS - BEL 6000055022 CARITAS INTERNATIONAL NGO 285.006 0,04% 
CAFOD 6000059489 CATHOLIC AGENCY FOR OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT (GBR) NGO 800.000 0,11% 
CORDAID 6000055816 CATHOLIC ORGANISATION FOR RELIEF AND DEVELOPMENT AID (NLD) NGO 2.604.300 0,35% 
CRIC 6000055955 CENTRO REGIONALE D INTERVENTO PER LA COOPERAZIONE (ITA) NGO 1.650.000 0,22% 
CHRISTIAN AID - UK 6000059497 CHRISTIAN AID (GBR) NGO 1.754.754 0,24% 
PEOPLE IN NEED 6000056658 Clovek v tísni, o.p.s. NGO 545.000 0,07% 
COSV - MILAN 6000055963 COMITATO DI COORDINAMENTO DELLE ORGANIZZAZIONI PER IL SERVIZIO 
VOLONTARIO (ITA) NGO 2.336.848 0,32% 
CAM 6000068308 COMITE D'AIDE MEDICALE NGO 775.000 0,10% 
ICRC-CICR 6000055654 COMITE  INTERNATIONAL DE LA  CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) IO 54.625.000 7,38% 
CISV 6000055958 COMUNITA'IMPEGNO SERVIZIO VOLONTARIATO NGO 249.400 0,03% 
CONCERN UNIVERSAL 6000055957 CONCERN UNIVERSAL (GBR) NGO 305.687 0,04% 
CONCERN 
WORLDWIDE 6000057507 CONCERN WORLDWIDE, (IRL) NGO 6.523.742 0,88% 
COOPI 6000055976 COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) NGO 11.864.899 1,60% 
 
EN 105   EN HOPE SHORT NAME LE KEY PARTNERS LONG NAME FPA 
Cat. Amount % 
CROIX-ROUGE - ITA 6000061062 CROCE ROSSA ITALIANA (ITA) NGO 625.000 0,08% 
CROIX-ROUGE - FRA 6000000646 CROIX-ROUGE FRANCAISE NGO 5.905.835 0,80% 
CROIX-ROUGE - ESP 6000056766 CRUZ ROJA ESPAÑOLA, (E) NGO 7.298.819 0,99% 
DAC AVIATION INTL 6000176094 DAC Aviation International Limited SUP 7.500.000 1,01% 
DRC 6000058798 DANSK FLYGTNINGEHJAELP NGO 10.404.131 1,40% 
CROIX-ROUGE - DNK 6000058807 DANSK RODE KORS, (DNK) NGO 2.189.753 0,30% 
GTZ 6000057485 DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR TECHNISCHE ZUSAMMENARBEIT GOV 450.000 0,06% 
GERMAN AGRO 
ACTION 6000055234 DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERHILFE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) NGO 8.695.263 1,17% 
CARITAS - DEU 6000055305 DEUTSCHER CARITASVERBAND e.V, (DEU) NGO 3.645.000 0,49% 
CROIX-ROUGE - DEU 6000055102 DEUTSCHES ROTES KREUZ, (DEU) NGO 1.123.132 0,15% 
DIA 6000055541 DIA, (FR) NGO 528.677 0,07% 
DIAKONIE 6000055019 DIAKONISCHES WERK der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland (DEU)  NGO 979.924 0,13% 
UNESCAP 6000100147 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION ASIA-PACIFIC UN 461.000 0,06% 
IFRC-FICR 6000055660 FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE IO 14.594.307 1,97% 
DANCHURCHAID - 
DNK 6000058809 FOLKEKIRKENS NODHJAELP, (FKN) NGO 2.100.518 0,28% 
CARITAS - LUX 6000056898 FONDATION CARITAS LUXEMBOURG NGO 210.000 0,03% 
TERRE DES HOMMES (TDH) - ITA 6000057918 FONDAZIONE TERRE DES HOMMES ITALIA ONLUS NGO 1.060.000 0,14% 
STCH 6000196970 Fundación Save The Children NGO 350.000 0,05% 
GOAL 6000057512 GOAL, (IRL) NGO 3.403.063 0,46% 
 
EN 106   EN HOPE SHORT NAME LE KEY PARTNERS LONG NAME FPA 
Cat. Amount % 
GCIDS 6000059146 GREEK COMMITTEE FO R INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRATIC SOLI DARITY, (GRC) NG O 420.000 0,06% 
GROUPE URD 6000102221 Groupe Urgence Réha bilitation Développement NGO 100.000 0,01% 
GVC 6000055977 GRUPPO DI VOLONTARIATO CIVILE (ITA) NGO 3.137.819 0,42% 
HAMMER FORUM 6000055011 HAMMER FORUM e.V. NGO 900.000 0,12% 
HANDICAP (BEL) 6000055027 HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (BEL) NGO 468.000 0,06% 
HANDICAP (FR) 6000055532 HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (FR) NGO 5.223.770 0,71% 
HEALTH NET INT. 6000055825 HEALTH NET INTERNATIONAL, (NLD) NGO 531.212 0,07% 
HELP 6000055223 HELP- HILF E ZUR SELBSTHILFE E.V. (DEU) NGO 2.157.269 0,29% 
HELPAGE 
INTERNATIONAL - UK 6000055962 HELPAGE INTERNATIONAL (GBR) NGO 1.487.652 0,20% 
CROIX-ROUGE - NLD 6000055722 HET NEDERLANDSE RODE KRUIS (NLD) NGO 4.666.815 0,63% 
HILFSWERK AUSTRIA 6000054947 HILFSWERK AUSTRIA NGO 300.000 0,04% 
ICCO 6000055831 Interkerkelijke Organisatie voor Ontwikkelingssamenwerking NGO 6.476.197 0,87% 
PA_05 6000056270 INTERMEDIATE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT GROUP LTD NGO 548.240 0,07% 
INTERMON 6000056746 INTERMON OXFAM, (E) NGO 2.585.259 0,35% 
IMC UK 6000099796 International Medical Corps UK NGO 2.424.121 0,33% 
IOM 6000055563 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (INT) IO 9.583.654 1,29% 
IRC - UK 6000055964 International Rescue Committee UK NGO 7.968.005 1,08% 
ISLAMIC RELIEF 6000055965 ISLAMIC RELIEF WORLDWIDE NGO 4.990.391 0,67% 
ICU  6000055978 ISTITUTO PER LA COOPERAZIONE UNIVERSITARIA - ONLUS (ITA) NGO 1.005.618 0,14% 
DIE JOHANNITER, 
(DEU) 6000055229 JOHANNITER-UNFALL-HILFE e.V. (DEU) NGO 220.000 0,03% 
 
EN 107   EN HOPE SHORT NAME LE KEY PARTNERS LONG NAME FPA 
Cat. Amount % 
MALTESER 
HILFSDIENST 6000054029 MALTESER HILFSDIE NST e.V., (DEU) NG O 4.895.8 64 0,66% 
MEDAIR CH (blank) Medair NGO 400.000 0,05% 
MEDAIR UK 6000055972 MEDAIR UK (GBR) NGO 4.099.435 0,55% 
MDM - FRA 6000055581 MEDECINS DU MONDE NGO 5.533.984 0,75% 
MDM - GRC 6000057870 MEDECINS DU MONDE, (GRC) NGO 1.256.220 0,17% 
MSF - CHE 6000057526 MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES - SUISSE (CH) NGO 600.000 0,08% 
MSF - BEL 6000002431 MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES BELGIQUE /ARTSEN ZONDER GRENZEN BELGIE(BEL) NGO 750.000 0,10% 
MERLIN 6000071402 MEDICAL EMERGENCY RELIEF INTERNATIONAL (GBR) NGO 8.116.044 1,10% 
MEDICO 
INTERNATIONAL 6000055225 MEDICO INTERNATIONAL, (DEU) NGO 600.000 0,08% 
MDM - ESP 6000056756 MEDICOS DEL MUNDO ESPAÑA NGO 20.159 0,00% 
MSF - ESP 6000056751 MEDICOS SIN FRONTERAS, (E) NGO 200.000 0,03% 
MEKONG RIVER 
COMMISSION 6000100128 Mekong River Commission IO 283.027 0,04% 
MERCY CORPS SCOTLAND 6000055399 MERCY CORPS SCOTLAND (GBR) NGO 2.608.303 0,35% 
MAG - UK 6000055974 MINES ADVISORY GROUP (GBR) NGO 1.555.518 0,21% 
MADERA-FR 6000055608 MISSION D'AIDE AU DEVELOPPEMENT DES ECONOMIES RURALES  NGO 1.080.000 0,15% 
MISSION OST - DNK 6000057764 MISSION OST NGO 1.098.903 0,15% 
MPDL 6000055749 MOVIMIENTO POR LA PAZ, EL DESARME Y LA LIBERTAD, (E) NGO 1.429.326 0,19% 
MUSLIMAID 6000238558 Muslim Aid NGO 300.000 0,04% 
NOVIB 6000055196 Nederlandse Organisatie voor Ontwikkelingssamenwerking NGO 340.587 0,05% 
 
EN 108   EN HOPE SHORT NAME LE KEY PARTNERS LONG NAME FPA 
Cat. Amount % 
CROIX-ROUGE - NOR 6000057646 NORGES RODE KORS (NORWEGIAN RED CROSS) NGO 1.029.289 0,14% 
NORWEGIAN REFUGEE 
COUNCIL  6000057638 NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL (NOR) NGO 9.271.154 1,25% 
OIKOS 6000100137 OIKOS - COOPERAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO NGO 1.379.519 0,19% 
OXFAM - UK 6000055981 OXFAM (GB) NGO 21.060.145 2,84% 
OXFAM - BEL 6000062792 OXFAM-Solidarite(it), (BEL) NGO 2.609.238 0,35% 
PSF - FRA/CLERMONT-
FERRAND 6000053712 PHARMACIENS SANS FRONTIERES COMITE INTERNATIONAL NGO 1.398.500 0,19% 
PLAN 
INTERNATIONAL UK 6000057475 PLAN INTERNATIONAL (UK) NGO 1.104.394 0,15% 
PMU INTERLIFE 6000060221 PMU INTERLIFE/PINGST FFS NGO 1.133.000 0,15% 
POLISH 
HUMANITARIAN 
ORGANISATION 6000056007 Polska Akcja Humanitarna NGO 1.394.367 0,19% 
PREMIERE URGENCE 6000055612 PREMIERE URGENCE, (FR) NGO 8.005.951 1,08% 
PTM 6000166011 PTM-mundubat, (E) NGO 3.500.000 0,47% 
SCD-RB 6000061869 Red Barnet NGO 244.022 0,03% 
REDR 6000063967 RedR - Engineers for Disaster Relief NGO 527.915 0,07% 
SAVE THE CHILDREN - 
NLD 6000055914 SAVE THE CHILDREN (NLD) NGO 3.862.332 0,52% 
SI 6000056745 SOLIDARIDAD INTERNACIONAL, (E) NGO 916.000 0,12% 
SOLIDARITES 6000055549 SOLIDARITES, (FR) NGO 9.018.323 1,22% 
SOS KINDERDORF INT.  6000055201 SOS-KINDERDORF INTERNATIONAL (AUT) NGO 1.300.000 0,18% 
CARE NEDERLAND (FORMER DRA) 6000055823 Stichting CARE Nederland NGO 3.585.750 0,48% 
 
EN 109   EN HOPE SHORT NAME LE KEY PARTNERS LONG NAME FPA 
Cat. Amount % 
TEARFUND - UK 6000057468 TEARFUND (GBR) NGO 3.649.548 0,49% 
TSF, FRANCE 6000055567  TELECOMS SANS FRONTIER ES NGO 475. 945 0,06% 
TERRE DES HOMMES - 
CHE 6000057524 TERRE DES HOMMES-CHE NGO 3.483.171 0,47% 
ICMC 6000062768 THE INTERNATIONAL CATHOLIC MIGRATION COMMISSION (CHE) NGO 850.000 0,11% 
SAVE THE CHILDREN - 
UK 6000057469 THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) NGO 11.661.088 1,57% 
TRIANGLE 6000055141 TRIANGLE Génération Humanitaire, (FR) NGO 2.528.523 0,34% 
TROCAIRE 6000057559 Trocaire, (IRL) NGO 588.382 0,08% 
UNICEF 6000055643 UNICEF UN 29.515.529 3,98% 
FAO 6000055556 UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION UN 15.611.623 2,11% 
PAHO 6000067529 UNITED NATIONS - PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION UN 2.355.000 0,32% 
UNDP-PNUD 6000055554 UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME UN 10.287.818 1,39% 
UNHCR 6000055529 UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM UN 49.367.700 6,67% 
UNCHS - HABITAT 6000068998 United Nations Human Settlements Programme UN 1.113.068 0,15% 
UNFPA 6000055534 UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND UN 1.104.000 0,15% 
UNRWA 6000067513 UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND WORKS AG ENCY FOR PALESTINE REFUGEES IN 
NEAR EAST UN 19.981.857 2,70% 
OCHA 6000067546 UNITED NATIONS, OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS UN 10.288.295 1,39% 
VSF - BE 6000055036 Vétérinaires Sans Frontières- Belgique - Dierenartsen Zonder Grenzen - Belgie um  NGO 800.000 0,11% 
WA-UK 6000073643 Welfare Association NGO 250.000 0,03% 
WFP-PAM 6000067587 WORLD FOOD PROGRAM UN 156.334.560 21,11% 
WHO 6000053109 WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION - ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE UN 11.556.409 1,56% 
 
EN 110   EN HOPE SHORT NAME LE KEY PARTNERS LONG NAME FPA 
Cat. Amount % 
WORLD VISION - UK 6000055982 WORLD VISION - UK NGO 1.432.183 0,19% 
WORLD VISION DEU 6000053871 WORLD VISION, (DEU) NGO 4.456.251 0,60% 
ZOA 6000054025 ZOA-Vluchtelingenzorg NGO 1.650.000 0,22% 
CUAMM 6000057961 MEDICI CON L'AFRICA (ITA) NGO 315.467 0,04% 
    Grand Total   740.676.648 100,00% 
 
 
EN 111   EN 6.4. List of contracts for humanitari an aid operations – Top 25 partners 
CONTRACTS FOR HUMANITARIAN OPER ATIONS IN 2007 - TOP 25 PARTNERS 
HOPE SHORT NAME LE KEY PARTNERS LONG NAME FPA 
Cat. Amount % Cumul  
% 
WFP-PAM 6000067587 WORLD FOOD PROGRAM UN 156.334.560 21,11% 21,11% 
ICRC-CICR 6000055654 COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (C ICR) IO 54.625.000 7,38% 28,48% 
UNHCR 6000055529 UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM UN 49.367.700 6,67% 35,15% 
UNICEF 6000055643 UNICEF UN 29.515.529 3,98% 39,13% 
OXFAM - UK 6000055981 OXFAM (GB) NGO 21.060.145 2,84% 41,98% 
UNRWA 6000067513 UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND WORKS AG ENCY FOR PALESTINE REFUGEES IN 
NEAR EAST UN 19.981.857 2,70% 44,67% 
FAO 6000055556 UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION UN 15.611.623 2,11% 46,78% 
ACF - FRA 6000054039 ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) NGO 15.548.121 2,10% 48,88% 
IFRC-FICR 6000055660 FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE IO 14.594.307 1,97% 50,85% 
COOPI 6000055976 COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) NGO 11.864.899 1,60% 52,45% 
SAVE THE CHILDREN - 
UK 6000057469 THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) NGO 11.661.088 1,57% 54,03% 
WHO 6000053109 WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION - ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE UN 11.556.409 1,56% 55,59% 
DRC 6000058798 DANSK FLYGTNINGEHJAELP NGO 10.404.131 1,40% 56,99% 
ACH- ESP 6000056743 ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) NGO 10.401.909 1,40% 58,40% 
OCHA 6000067546 UNITED NATIONS, OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS UN 10.288.295 1,39% 59,79% 
 
EN 112   EN HOPE SHORT NAME LE KEY PARTNERS LONG NAME FPA 
Cat. Amount % Cumul  
% 
UNDP-PNUD 6000055554 UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME UN 10.287.818 1,39% 61,17% 
IOM 6000055563 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (INT) IO 9.583.654 1,29% 62,47% 
NORWEGIAN REFUGEE 
COUNCIL  6000057638 NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL (NOR) NGO 9.271.154 1,25% 63,72% 
SOLIDARITES 6000055549 SOLIDARITES, (FR) NGO 9.018.323 1,22% 64,94% 
GERMAN AGRO 
ACTION 6000055234 DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERHILFE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) NGO 8.695.263 1,17% 66,11% 
MERLIN 6000071402 MEDICAL EMERGENCY RELIEF INTERNATIONAL (GBR) NGO 8.116.044 1,10% 67,21% 
PREMIERE URGENCE 6000055612 PREMIERE URGENCE, (FR) NGO 8.005.951 1,08% 68,29% 
IRC - UK 6000055964 International Rescue Committee UK NGO 7.968.005 1,08% 69,36% 
AMI - FRA 6000055590 AIDE MEDICALE INTERNATIONALE, (FR) NGO 7.787.756 1,05% 70,42% 
ACTED 6000055547 AGENCE D'AIDE A LA COOPERATION TECHNIQUE ET AU DEVELOPPEMENT, (FR) NGO 7.664.113 1,03% 71,45% 
 
 
EN 113   EN 6.5. List of contracts for humanitarian aid ope rations in 2007 - by country and partners  
PARTNERS BY COUNTRY (SIGNATURE YEAR 2007) 
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
AFGHANISTAN  24.999.062 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 1.278.707 
CARE INTERNATIONAL UK  1.058.767 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 3.075.000 
DANSK FLYGTNINGEHJAELP 1.639.928 
DEUTSCHER CARITASVERBAND e.V, (DEU) 295.000 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERH ILFE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) 860.000 
INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE UK 649.815 
MEDAIR 400.000 
MEDAIR UK (GBR) 805.931 
MISSION D'AIDE AU DE VELOPPEMENT DES ECONOM IES RURALES  1.080.000 
MISSION OST DNK 503.903 
NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL (NOR) 1.319.936 
OXFAM (GB) 465.000 
PEOPLE IN NEED  545.000 
SOLIDARITES, (FR) 860.000 
TEARFUND (GBR) 608.261 
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 353.814 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 200.000 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 7.000.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 2.000.000 
ALGERIA  10.507.399 
MEDECINS DU MONDE, (GRC) 1.256.220 
MEDICOS DEL MUNDO ESPAÑA 20.159 
MOVIMIENTO POR LA PAZ, EL DE SARME Y LA LIBERTAD, (E) 169.892 
OXFAM-SOLIDARITE(it), (BEL) 1.583.438 
PTM-MUNDUBAT, (E) 3.500.000 
TRIANGLE GÉNÉRATION HUMANITAIRE (FR) 927.690 
UNICEF 250.000 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 1.500.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 1.000.000 
WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION - ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE 300.000 
BANGLADESH  11.421.501 
ACTIONAID (GBR) 1.199.672 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 449.700 
CARE INTERNATIONAL UK  1.270.020 
CHRISTIAN AID (GBR) 300.000 
CONCERN WORLDWIDE, (IRL) 1.580.000 
DANCHURCHAID - DNK 250.000 
DEUTSCHER CARITASVERBAND e.V, (DEU) 300.000 
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE 1.006.494 
HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (FR) 147.464 
ISLAMIC RELIEF WORLDWIDE 1.849.348 
 
EN 114   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
Muslim Aid 300.000 
OXFAM (GB) 250.000 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 593.803 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 1.925.000 
BOLIVIA  1.000.000 
AYUDA EN ACCIÓN, (E) 250.000 
OXFAM (GB) 320.000 
PLAN INTERNATIONAL (UK) 120.000 
UNITED NATIONS - PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION 160.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 150.000 
BURKINA FASO  6.122.594 
BELGISCHE RODE KRUIS/CROIX ROUGE DE BELGIQUE, (BEL) 1.374.663 
CRUZ ROJA ESPAÑOLA, (E) 210.000 
INTERMON OXFAM, (E) 350.000 
TERRE DES HOMMES-CHE 1.673.171 
UNICEF 1.150.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 1.000.000 
WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION - ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE 364.760 
BURUNDI  18.934.133 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 1.451.000 
ARTSEN ZONDER GRENZEN (NLD) 410.000 
CARITAS BEL 285.006 
CATHOLIC ORGANISATION FOR RELIEF AND DEVELOPMENT AID (NLD) 700.000 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 300.000 
COMUNITA'IMPEGNO SERVIZIO VOLONTARIATO 249.400 
DEUTSCHER CARITASVERB AND e.V, (DEU) 1.750.000 
DEUTSCHES ROTES KREUZ, (DEU) 200.000 
GRUPPO DI VOLONTARIATO CIVILE (ITA) 1.220.450 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CORPS UK 194.903 
MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES B ELGIQUE/ARTSEN ZONDER GRENZEN 
BELGIE(BEL) 750.000 
NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL (NOR) 977.240 
SOLIDARITES, (FR) 1.030.000 
UNICEF 500.000 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 916.134 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 4.000.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 4.000.000 
CARIBBEAN  7.568.216 
ACP 190.207 
CONCERN WORLDWIDE, (IRL) 247.296 
CROIX ROUGE - FRA 906.547 
CROIX ROUGE - NOR 832.289 
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE 1.641.280 
INTERMON OXFAM, (E) 378.400 
OXFAM (GB) 2.064.000 
UNITED NATIONS - PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION 670.000 
 
EN 115   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
PLAN INTERNATIONAL (UK) 338.197 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 300.000 
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC  6.673.210 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 479.771 
AGENCE D'AIDE A LA COOPERATION TECHNI QUE ET AU DEVELOPPEMENT, (FR) 640.000 
AIDE MEDICALE INTERNATIONALE, (FR) 350.000 
ARTSEN ZONDER GRENZEN (NLD) 450.000 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 500.000 
COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 500.000 
INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE UK 400.000 
PREMIERE URGENCE, (FR) 615.000 
SOLIDARITES, (FR) 877.650 
TRIANGLE GÉNÉRATION HUMANITAIRE (FR) 360.789 
UNICEF 500.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 1.000.000 
CENTRAL AMERICA  6.255.000 
ACSUR 315.000 
ACTED 350.000 
CARE -FR 345.000 
CARE NEDERLAND 235.000 
CHRISTIAN AID (GBR) 280.000 
CROIX ROUGE - ESP 800.000 
CROIX ROUGE - ITA 315.000 
CROIX ROUGE - NLD 310.000 
DANCHURCHAID - DNK 285.000 
GOAL 360.000 
GVC 405.000 
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE 305.000 
OIKOS 285.000 
OXFAM - BE 245.000 
OXFAM (GB) 345.000 
TROCAIRE 290.000 
UNDP 415.000 
UNICEF 370.000 
CENTRAL ASIA  5.699.354 
ACTED 109.734 
AGA KHAN 415.000 
CARE NEDERLAND 330.000 
CARITAS LUX 210.000 
CHRISTIAN AID (GBR) 119.965 
CROIX ROUGE - NLD 914.903 
GERMAN AGRO ACTION 380.000 
HILFSWERK AUSTRIA 300.000 
IOM 296.563 
MISSION OST - DNK 595.000 
OCHA 360.000 
OXFAM (GB) 230.000 
 
EN 116   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
UNDP-PNUD 550.000 
UNICEF 265.000 
WHO 399.984 
WORLD VISION DEU 223.205 
CHAD  25.795.342 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 959.404 
AGENCE D'AIDE A LA COOPERATION TECHNI QUE ET AU DEVELOPPEMENT, (FR) 300.140 
CARE FRANCE, (FR) 871.008 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 3.000.000 
COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 1.485.974 
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE 1.000.000 
HELP- HILFE ZUR SELBSTHILFE E.V. (DEU) 399.966 
INTERMON OXFAM, (E) 400.000 
OXFAM (GB) 400.000 
PREMIERE URGENCE, (FR) 1.176.150 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 6.652.700 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 8.500.000 
WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION - ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE 650.000 
COLOMBIA  12.874.896 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 883.326 
CARITAS ESPANOLA, (E) 400.000 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 3.200.000 
COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 300.000 
CROIX-ROUGE FRANCAISE 350.000 
CRUZ ROJA ESPAÑOLA, (E) 250.000 
DANSK FLYGTNINGEHJAELP 149.990 
DIAKONISCHES WERK der Ev angelischen Kirche in Deutschland (DEU)  979.924 
HET NEDERLANDSE RODE KRUIS (NLD) 250.066 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 550.000 
MERCY CORPS SCOTLAND (GBR) 200.000 
MOVIMIENTO POR LA PAZ, EL DE SARME Y LA LIBERTAD, (E) 240.000 
NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL (NOR) 500.000 
OXFAM (GB) 780.000 
SOLIDARIDAD INTERNACIONAL, (E) 550.000 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 291.500 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 2.150.000 
UNITED NATIONS, OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN 
AFFAIRS 200.090 
UNITED NATIONS - PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION 250.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 400.000 
CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF  51.415.000 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 601.141 
AGENCE D'AIDE A LA COOPERATION TECHNI QUE ET AU DEVELOPPEMENT, (FR) 2.511.258 
AIDE MEDICALE INTERNATIONALE, (FR) 2.560.000 
ASSOCIAZIONE VOLONTARI PER IL SE RVIZIO INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 432.500 
AVIATION SANS FRONTIERES BELGIQUE/P ILOTEN ZONDER GRENZEN BELGIË 302.388 
 
EN 117   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
CARITAS FRANCE - SECOURS CATHOLIQUE, (FR) 230.000 
CATHOLIC ORGANISATION FOR RELIEF AND DEVELOPMENT AID (NLD) 184.300 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 2.000.000 
CONCERN WORLDWIDE, (IRL) 614.000 
COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 2.454.496 
DAC AVIATION INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 7.500.000 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERHIL FE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) 1.138.120 
HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (FR) 2.002.263 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (INT) 1.067.017 
MALTESER HILFSDIENST e.V., (DEU) 2.678.281 
MEDAIR UK (GBR) 980.000 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 889.261 
MEDICAL EMERGENCY RELIEF INTERNATIONAL (GBR) 650.490 
NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL (NOR) 696.000 
OXFAM-SOLIDARITE(IT), (BEL) 338.800 
PMU INTERLIFE/PINGST FFS 633.000 
PREMIERE URGENCE, (FR) 2.679.200 
SOLIDARITES, (FR) 3.115.985 
TEARFUND (GBR) 656.500 
UNICEF 2.500.000 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 3.000.000 
UNITED NATIONS, OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN 
AFFAIRS 1.000.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 8.000.000 
COTE D'IVOIRE  500.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 500.000 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 2.300.000 
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC  1.500.000 
CRUZ ROJA ESPAÑOLA, (E) 900.000 
INTERMON OXFAM, (E) 400.000 
UNITED NATIONS - PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION 200.000 
EAST TIMOR  2.850.000 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (INT) 688.350 
PLAN INTERNATIONAL (UK) 439.971 
TRIANGLE GÉNÉRATION HUMANITAIRE (FR) 221.679 
WFP 1.000.000 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 500.000 
ERITREA  7.757.456 
CARE INTERNATIONAL UK  1.000.858 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 2.000.000 
INTERKERKELIJKE ORGANISATIE VOOR ONTWIKKELINGSSAMENWERKING 476.197 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 500.000 
OXFAM (GB) 500.038 
UNICEF 1.780.363 
WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION - ORGANISA TION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE 1.500.000 
 
EN 118   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
ETHIOPIA  20.821.233 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 1.150.000 
ARTSEN ZONDER GRENZEN (NLD) 447.003 
CARE ÖSTERREICH - VEREIN FÜ R ENTWICKLUNGSZUSAMMENARBEIT UND 
HUMANITÄRE HILFE 799.800 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 1.850.000 
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE 450.000 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CORPS UK 500.000 
INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE UK 649.578 
ISLAMIC RELIEF WORLDWIDE 600.000 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 1.000.000 
MEDICAL EMERGENCY RELIEF INTERNATIONAL (GBR) 1.025.313 
OXFAM (GB) 800.000 
SOS-KINDERDORF INTERNATIONAL (AUT) 400.000 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 750.000 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 399.539 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 10.000.000 
GEORGIA  2.791.844 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 297.860 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 500.000 
DANSK FLYGTNINGEHJAELP 1.199.984 
PREMIERE URGENCE, (FR) 794.000 
GHANA  700.000 
UNICEF 250.000 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 100.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 350.000 
GUINEA  2.380.000 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 580.000 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 350.000 
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE 300.000 
MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERE S - SUISSE (CH) 150.000 
TERRE DES HOMMES-CHE 200.000 
UNICEF 800.000 
HAITI  3.149.492 
CONCERN WORLDWIDE, (IRL) 99.510 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERH ILFE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) 634.113 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 200.333 
OXFAM (GB) 1.150.000 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 1.065.536 
HONDURAS  500.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 500.000 
INDIA  7.730.000 
ACTIONAID (GBR) 850.000 
ADVENTISTISCHE ENTWICKLUNGS- U ND KATASTROPHENHILFE E.V. 500.000 
AGENCE D'AIDE A LA COOPERATION TECHNI QUE ET AU DEVELOPPEMENT, (FR) 250.000 
ARTSEN ZONDER GRENZEN (NLD) 230.000 
 
EN 119   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
CARE INTERNATIONAL UK  498.287 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 1.360.000 
CONCERN WORLDWIDE, (IRL) 375.952 
DEUTSCHER CARITASVERBAND e.V, (DEU) 300.000 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERH ILFE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) 295.761 
FOLKEKIRKENS NODHJAELP, (FKN) 500.000 
HELPAGE INTERNATIONAL (GBR) 200.000 
MEDICOS SIN FRONTERAS, (E) 200.000 
OXFAM (GB) 1.000.000 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 290.000 
UNICEF 880.000 
INDONESIA  1.589.889 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 320.000 
HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (FR) 125.000 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (INT) 570.000 
INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE UK 88.612 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 190.000 
STICHTING CARE NEDERLAND 200.000 
WORLD VISION, (DEU) 96.277 
IRAN  750.000 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 750.000 
IRAQ  4.500.000 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 4.000.000 
UNITED NATIONS, OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN 
AFFAIRS 500.000 
JORDAN  3.109.725 
CARE ÖSTERREICH - VEREIN FÜ R ENTWICKLUNGSZUSAMMENARBEIT UND 
HUMANITÄRE HILFE 850.000 
CROIX-ROUGE FRANCAISE 399.896 
ISTITUTO PER LA COOPERAZIONE UNIVERSITARIA - ONLUS (ITA) 499.829 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 1.360.000 
KENYA  12.650.000 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 399.269 
AVIATION SANS FRONTIERES BELGIQUE/PIL OTEN ZONDER GRENZEN BELGIË 2.000.000 
CARE INTERNATIONAL UK  900.748 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 550.000 
DANSK RODE KORS, (DNK) 150.000 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERH ILFE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) 400.000 
ISLAMIC RELIEF WORLDWIDE 900.000 
MEDICAL EMERGENCY RELIEF INTERNATIONAL (GBR) 400.000 
OXFAM (GB) 400.000 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 549.983 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 2.000.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 4.000.000 
 
EN 120   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF  6.892.826 
CONCERN WORLDWIDE, (IRL) 710.000 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERH ILFE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) 504.826 
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE 1.060.000 
HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (BEL) 468.000 
PREMIERE URGENCE, (FR) 420.000 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 1.730.000 
UNICEF 1.500.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 500.000 
LEBANON  23.535.084 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 502.700 
AGENCE D'AIDE A LA COOPERATION TECHNI QUE ET AU DEVELOPPEMENT, (FR) 1.549.000 
ASSOCIAZIONE VOLONTARI PER IL SE RVIZIO INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 514.777 
CARITAS AUSTRIA, (AUT) 984.321 
DANSK FLYGTNINGEHJAELP 1.001.367 
DIA, (FR) 458.665 
HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (FR) 474.000 
HET NEDERLANDSE RODE KRUIS (NLD) 633.798 
ISLAMIC RELIEF WORLDWIDE 312.605 
ISTITUTO PER LA COOPERAZIONE UNIVERSITARIA - ONLUS (ITA) 505.789 
MERCY CORPS SCOTLAND (GBR) 1.160.717 
MINES ADVISORY GROUP (GBR) 987.190 
MOVIMIENTO POR LA PAZ, EL DE SARME Y LA LIBERTAD, (E) 1.019.434 
NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL (NOR) 3.787.977 
PREMIERE URGENCE, (FR) 1.621.601 
RED BARNET 244.022 
TERRE DES HOMMES-CHE 600.000 
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 4.068.731 
UNITED NATIONS HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PROGRAMME 1.113.068 
UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND WORKS AGEN CY FOR PALESTINE REFUGEES IN 
NEAR EAST 1.855.322 
WORLD VISION, (DEU) 140.000 
LESOTHO  3.215.840 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 543.613 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 1.172.227 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 1.500.000 
LIBERIA  15.119.643 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 1.000.000 
ADVENTIST DEVELOPMENT AND RELIEF AGENCY - DENMARK 800.000 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 1.800.000 
CONCERN WORLDWIDE, (IRL) 419.288 
DANSK FLYGTNINGEHJAELP 900.000 
INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE UK 550.000 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 400.000 
MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERE S - SUISSE (CH) 450.000 
MEDICAL EMERGENCY RELIEF INTERNATIONAL (GBR) 1.150.000 
OXFAM (GB) 186.000 
 
EN 121   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
PMU INTERLIFE/PINGST FFS 500.000 
TEARFUND (GBR) 824.000 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 847.355 
UNICEF 600.000 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 2.000.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 2.500.000 
WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION - ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE 193.000 
MADAGASCAR  4.996.770 
CARE FRANCE, (FR) 1.496.770 
CROIX-ROUGE FRANCAISE 404.000 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERH ILFE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) 350.000 
MEDAIR UK (GBR) 195.000 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 151.000 
UNICEF 1.100.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 1.300.000 
MALI  2.181.478 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 598.000 
CHRISTIAN AID (GBR) 553.000 
OXFAM (GB) 1.030.478 
MAURITANIA  2.051.283 
CROIX-ROUGE FRANCAISE 646.283 
UNICEF 405.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 1.000.000 
MOLDOVA  3.000.000 
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 3.000.000 
MOZAMBIQUE  7.028.419 
BELGISCHE RODE KRUIS/CROIX ROUGE DE BELGIQUE, (BEL) 274.860 
CARE-AUT 633.122 
CATHOLIC AGENCY FOR OVERSE AS DEVELOPMENT (GBR) 200.000 
CHRISTIAN AID (GBR) 200.000 
CRUZ ROJA ESPAÑOLA, (E) 650.000 
CUAMM 315.467 
GRUPPO DI VOLONTARIATO CIVILE (ITA) 512.369 
INTERMON OXFAM, (E) 300.000 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CORPS UK 439.218 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (INT) 546.205 
NORGES RODE KORS (NOR WEGIAN RED CROSS) 197.000 
OIKOS - COOPERAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO 414.519 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 594.508 
UNICEF 1.052.167 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 500.000 
WORLD VISION - UK 198.984 
MYANMAR  7.740.000 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 900.000 
AIDE MEDICALE INTERNATIONALE, (FR) 1.980.000 
ARTSEN ZONDER GRENZEN (NLD) 500.000 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 500.000 
 
EN 122   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERH ILFE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) 500.000 
FONDAZIONE TERRE DES HO MMES ITALIA ONLUS 400.000 
MALTESER HILFSDIENS T e.V., (DEU) 260.000 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 1.700.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 1.000.000 
NEPAL  8.000.000 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 430.000 
CARE ÖSTERREICH - VEREIN FÜ R ENTWICKLUNGSZUSAMMENARBEIT UND 
HUMANITÄRE HILFE 700.000 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 950.000 
CONCERN WORLDWIDE, (IRL) 270.000 
DANSK RODE KORS, (DNK) 700.000 
HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (FR) 250.000 
INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE UK 320.000 
MEDICAL EMERGENCY RELIEF INTERNATIONAL (GBR) 500.000 
NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL (NOR) 440.000 
UNICEF 1.100.000 
UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND 340.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 2.000.000 
NICARAGUA  5.720.981 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 520.000 
AGENCE D'AIDE A LA COOPERATION TECHNI QUE ET AU DEVELOPPEMENT, (FR) 670.981 
ARBEITER-SAMARITER-BUND DEUTSCHLAND e.V. 350.000 
CARE FRANCE, (FR) 200.000 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERH ILFE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) 320.000 
HET NEDERLANDSE RODE KRUIS (NLD) 300.000 
OIKOS - COOPERAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO 290.000 
OXFAM (GB) 600.000 
TELECOMS SANS FRONTIERES 100.000 
UNICEF 300.000 
UNITED NATIONS - PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION 670.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 1.400.000 
NIGER  9.634.565 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 1.165.000 
ACTIONAID (GBR) 325.940 
CONCERN WORLDWIDE, (IRL) 400.000 
CROIX-ROUGE FRANCAISE 1.099.290 
GOAL, (IRL) 1.143.063 
HELP- HILFE ZUR SELBSTHILFE E.V. (DEU) 916.350 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 503.390 
NEDERLANDSE ORGANISATIE VOOR ONT WIKKELINGSSAMENWERKING 340.587 
TELECOMS SANS FRONTIERES 340.945 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 1.400.000 
UNICEF 1.000.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 1.000.000 
 
EN 123   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
PAKISTAN  750.000 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 750.000 
PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIED  57.985.000 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 1.645.000 
AGENCE D'AIDE A LA COOPERATION TECHNI QUE ET AU DEVELOPPEMENT, (FR) 383.000 
ASAMBLEA DE COOPERACION POR LA PAZ, (E) 1.000.000 
CARE FRANCE, (FR) 2.315.000 
CARE ÖSTERREICH - VEREIN FÜ R ENTWICKLUNGSZUSAMMENARBEIT UND 
HUMANITÄRE HILFE 2.900.000 
CENTRO REGIONALE D INTERVENTO PE R LA COOPERAZIONE (ITA) 1.350.000 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 4.500.000 
COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 2.000.000 
CROIX-ROUGE FRANCAISE 350.000 
DANSK RODE KORS, (DNK) 650.000 
FONDAZIONE TERRE DES HO MMES ITALIA ONLUS 660.000 
GREEK COMMITTEE FOR INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRATIC SOLIDARITY, (GRC) 420.000 
GRUPPO DI VOLONTARIATO CIVILE (ITA) 1.000.000 
HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (FR) 550.000 
JOHANNITER-UNFALL-HILFE e.V. (DEU) 220.000 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 650.000 
MEDICAL EMERGENCY RELIEF INTERNATIONAL (GBR) 800.000 
MEDICO INTERNATIONAL, (DEU) 600.000 
MERCY CORPS SCOTLAND (GBR) 1.000.000 
OXFAM (GB) 940.000 
OXFAM-SOLIDARITE(IT), (BEL) 442.000 
POLSKA AKCJA HUMANITARNA 729.280 
PREMIERE URGENCE, (FR) 700.000 
SAVE THE CHILDREN (NLD) 1.940.000 
TERRE DES HOMMES-CHE 360.000 
UNICEF 1.255.000 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 795.720 
UNITED NATIONS, OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN 
AFFAIRS 1.250.000 
UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND WORKS AGEN CY FOR PALESTINE REFUGEES IN 
NEAR EAST 17.150.000 
WELFARE ASSOCIATION 250.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 9.000.000 
WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION - ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE 180.000 
PARAGUAY  1.500.000 
COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 300.000 
CRUZ ROJA ESPAÑOLA, (E) 700.000 
INTERMON OXFAM, (E) 500.000 
PERU  10.064.983 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 400.000 
CATHOLIC ORGANISATION FOR RELIEF AND DEVELOPMENT AID (NLD) 420.000 
COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 350.000 
CRUZ ROJA ESPAÑOLA, (E) 375.000 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERH ILFE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) 350.000 
 
EN 124   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE 515.000 
HET NEDERLANDSE RODE KRUIS (NLD) 275.000 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (INT) 425.000 
OIKOS - COOPERAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO 390.000 
OXFAM (GB) 500.000 
SOLIDARIDAD INTERNACIONAL, (E) 366.000 
STICHTING CARE NEDERLAND 550.000 
TELECOMS SANS FRONTIERES 35.000 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 775.000 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 275.000 
UNITED NATIONS, OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN 
AFFAIRS 250.000 
UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND 314.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 3.014.983 
WORLD VISION, (DEU) 485.000 
PHILIPPINES  2.710.000 
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE 850.000 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (INT) 1.260.000 
OXFAM (GB) 600.000 
RUSSIA  20.765.618 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 1.150.000 
CARITAS FRANCE - SECOURS CATHOLIQUE, (FR) 300.000 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 4.200.000 
DRC 4.185.531 
HAMMER FORUM e.V. 900.000 
HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (FR) 430.000 
HELP- HILFE ZUR SELBSTHILFE E.V. (DEU) 400.000 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CORPS UK 790.000 
INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE UK 1.435.000 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 500.000 
NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL (NOR) 500.000 
POLSKA AKCJA HUMANITARNA 665.087 
UNICEF 710.000 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 600.000 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 2.800.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 1.200.000 
SAHEL  2.300.000 
FAO 2.300.000 
SOLOMON ISLANDS  547.939 
CROIX-ROUGE FRANCAISE 350.000 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 197.939 
SOMALIA  17.300.000 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 1.745.000 
ADVENTISTISCHE ENTWICKLUNGS- U ND KATASTROPHENHILFE E.V. 500.000 
COMITATO DI COORDINAMENTO DELLE ORGANIZZAZIONI PER IL SERVIZIO 
VOLONTARIO (ITA) 1.130.000 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 5.500.000 
 
EN 125   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
CONCERN WORLDWIDE, (IRL) 470.000 
COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 1.500.000 
ISLAMIC RELIEF WORLDWIDE 975.000 
OXFAM (GB) 900.000 
SOLIDARITES, (FR) 580.000 
SOS-KINDERDORF INTERNATIONAL (AUT) 900.000 
STICHTING CARE NEDERLAND 1.500.000 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 1.300.000 
UNITED NATIONS, OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN 
AFFAIRS 300.000 
SOUTH AMERICA  6.500.000 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 370.000 
CARE NEDERLAND 430.000 
CARE INTERNATIONAL UK  350.000 
CROIX-ROUGE FRANCAISE 400.000 
CRIC 300.000 
CROIX-ROUGE - IT 310.000 
CROIX-ROUGE - NLD 300.000 
COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 970.000 
CRUZ ROJA ESPAÑOLA, (E) 245.000 
GERMAN AGRO ACTION 400.000 
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE 470.000 
OXFAM (GB) 555.000 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 300.000 
UNITED NATIONS, OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN 
AFFAIRS 405.000 
UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND 130.000 
STCH 350.000 
PA05 215.000 
SOUTH ASIA  7.191.942 
ACTIONAID (GBR) 804.864 
AGA KHAN 794.299 
BBC TRUST 349.036 
CARE AUT 375.871 
CARE UK 250.000 
CHRISTIAN AID (GBR) 301.789 
CONCERN UNIVERSAL  305.687 
CONCERN WORLDWIDE, (IRL) 186.842 
CROIX ROUGE DNK 323.240 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERH ILFE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) 212.500 
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE 330.000 
HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (FR) 478.193 
ISLAMIC RELIEF WORLDWIDE 353.438 
MERCY CORPS SCOTLAND (GBR) 247.586 
PA_05 333.240 
PLAN INTERNATIONAL (UK) 206.226 
TROCAIRE 298.382 
 
EN 126   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
UNDP 760.749 
UNICEF 280.000 
SOUTH EAST ASIA  5.510.442 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 261.911 
ACTIONAID (GBR) 300.000 
CARE DEU 428.430 
CARE NEDERLAND 340.750 
CROIX ROUGE DNK 366.513 
CROIX ROUGE NLD 293.049 
DANCHURCHAID - DNK 295.518 
GTZ 450.000 
OCHA 320.000 
MEKONG RIVER COMMISSION 283.027 
OXFAM (GB) 113.572 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 346.800 
UNITED NATIONS, OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN 
AFFAIRS 461.000 
UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND 1.009.524 
WORLD VISION, (DEU) 240.348 
SRI LANKA  14.228.747 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 198.747 
AGENCE D'AIDE A LA COOPERATION TECHNI QUE ET AU DEVELOPPEMENT, (FR) 500.000 
CARE INTERNATIONAL DEUT SCHLAND E.V. (DEU) 530.000 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 3.500.000 
DANSK FLYGTNINGEHJAELP 400.000 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERHIL FE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) 1.300.000 
FOLKEKIRKENS NODHJAELP, (FKN) 200.000 
HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (FR) 300.000 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (INT) 400.000 
NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL (NOR) 800.000 
OXFAM (GB) 500.000 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 300.000 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSI ONER FOR REFUGEES  1.500.000 
UNITED NATIONS, OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN 
AFFAIRS 500.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 2.000.000 
ZOA-VLUCHTELINGENZORG 1.300.000 
SUDAN  119.343.764 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 696.000 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 3.253.911 
ADVENTIST DEVELOPMENT AND RELIEF AGENCY - DENMARK 404.089 
AGENCE D'AIDE A LA COOPERATION TECHNI QUE ET AU DEVELOPPEMENT, (FR) 400.000 
AIDE MEDICALE INTERNATIONALE, (FR) 1.047.756 
ASSOCIAZIONE VOLONTARI PER IL SE RVIZIO INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 700.000 
CARE INTERNATIONAL UK  2.283.189 
CATHOLIC AGENCY FOR OVERSE AS DEVELOPMENT (GBR) 600.000 
CATHOLIC ORGANISATION FOR RELIEF AND DEVELOPMENT AID (NLD) 1.300.000 
COMITATO DI COORDINAMENTO DELLE ORGANIZZAZIONI PER IL SERVIZIO 
VOLONTARIO (ITA) 1.206.848 
 
EN 127   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
COMITE D'AIDE MEDICALE 775.000 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 9.700.000 
CONCERN WORLDWIDE, (IRL) 500.854 
COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 1.604.429 
CRUZ ROJA ESPAÑOLA, (E) 423.819 
DANSK FLYGTNINGEHJAELP 927.331 
DEUTSCHES ROTES KREUZ, (DEU) 923.132 
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE 1.541.533 
FOLKEKIRKENS NODHJAELP, (FKN) 570.000 
GOAL, (IRL) 700.000 
HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (FR) 466.850 
HEALTH NET INTERNATIONAL, (NLD) 531.212 
HELPAGE INTERNATIONAL (GBR) 1.287.652 
INTERMON OXFAM, (E) 256.859 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CORPS UK 500.000 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (INT) 2.160.436 
INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE UK 2.250.000 
MALTESER HILFSDIENS T e.V., (DEU) 887.582 
MEDAIR UK (GBR) 1.118.504 
MEDICAL EMERGENCY RELIEF INTERNATIONAL (GBR) 3.590.241 
MINES ADVISORY GROUP (GBR) 568.328 
OXFAM (GB) 4.189.368 
PHARMACIENS SANS FRONTIERES COMITE INTERNATIONAL 1.398.500 
RedR - ENGINEERS FOR DISASTER RELIEF 527.915 
SAVE THE CHILDREN (NLD) 1.922.332 
SOLIDARITES, (FR) 2.554.688 
TEARFUND (GBR) 1.560.787 
TERRE DES HOMMES-CHE 300.000 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 1.000.000 
TRIANGLE GÉNÉRATION HUMANITAIRE (FR) 898.377 
UNICEF 2.518.000 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 3.200.000 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 1.500.000 
UNITED NATIONS, OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN 
AFFAIRS 1.200.000 
UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND 450.000 
VETERINAIRES SANS FRONTIERES- B ELGIQUE - DIERENARTSEN ZONDER 
GRENZEN - BELGIE  800.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 47.669.577 
WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION - ORGANISA TION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE 3.188.665 
WORLD VISION, (DEU) 940.000 
ZOA-VLUCHTELINGENZORG 350.000 
SWAZILAND  2.603.327 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 1.103.327 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 1.500.000 
 
EN 128   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC  3.566.534 
HET NEDERLANDSE RODE KRUIS (NLD) 1.389.999 
TERRE DES HOMMES-CHE 350.000 
THE INTERNATIONAL CATHOLIC MI GRATION COMMISSION (CHE) 850.000 
UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND WORKS AGEN CY FOR PALESTINE REFUGEES IN 
NEAR EAST 976.535 
TAJIKISTAN  50.000 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERH ILFE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) 50.000 
TANZANIA  16.430.000 
CRUZ ROJA ESPAÑOLA, (E) 2.300.000 
UNICEF 600.000 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 8.530.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 5.000.000 
THAILAND  9.470.000 
AIDE MEDICALE INTERNATIONALE, (FR) 1.850.000 
INTERKERKELIJKE ORGANISATIE VOOR ONTWIKKELINGSSAMENWERKING 6.000.000 
INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE UK 550.000 
MALTESER HILFSDIENST e.V., (DEU) 1.070.000 
TOGO  1.719.819 
CROIX-ROUGE FRANCAISE 239.819 
UNICEF 750.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 250.000 
WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION - ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE 480.000 
TURKEY  500.000 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES  500.000 
UGANDA  23.840.000 
ACCION CONTRA EL HAMBRE, (ESP) 1.200.000 
ARBEITER-SAMARITER-BUND DEUTSCHLAND e.V. 300.000 
ASSOCIAZIONE VOLONTARI PER IL SE RVIZIO INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 1.450.000 
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE (CICR) 1.290.000 
CONCERN WORLDWIDE, (IRL) 650.000 
COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE (ITA) 400.000 
DEUTSCHER CARITASVERBAND e.V, (DEU) 650.000 
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE 1.125.000 
GOAL, (IRL) 1.200.000 
INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE UK 1.075.000 
MEDAIR UK (GBR) 1.000.000 
NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL (NOR) 250.000 
OXFAM (GB) 1.075.000 
UNICEF 700.000 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 1.250.000 
UNITED NATIONS, OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN 
AFFAIRS 500.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 9.075.000 
WORLD VISION, (DEU) 650.000 
VIET NAM  1.999.107 
ACTIONAID (GBR) 103.899 
CARE INTERNATIONAL DEUT SCHLAND E.V. (DEU) 296.008 
 
EN 129   EN  
Partner's long name Amount 
contract sum 
(Contract 
Financial) 
CROIX-ROUGE FRANCAISE 760.000 
CRUZ ROJA ESPAÑOLA, (E) 445.000 
THE SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND (GBR) 394.200 
YEMEN  990.000 
DIA, (FR) 70.012 
TRIANGLE GÉNÉRATION HUMANITAIRE (FR) 119.988 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES - BELGIUM 800.000 
ZAMBIA  2.126.689 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (INT) 960.000 
OXFAM 1.166.689 
ZIMBABWE  21.545.501 
ACTION CONTRE LA FAIM, (FR) 519.970 
CARE INTERNATIONAL DEUTSC HLAND E.V. (DEU) 1.317.588 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERH ILFE / GERMAN AGRO ACTION, (DEU) 999.943 
HELP- HILFE ZUR SELBSTHILFE E.V. (DEU) 440.953 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (INT) 1.210.082 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 1.234.140 
UNITED NATIONS, OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN 
AFFAIRS 408.205 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 12.500.000 
WORLD VISION, (DEU) 1.681.421 
WORLD VISION - UK 1.233.199 
THEMATIC FUNDING  27.375.000 
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCIETES DE LA CROIX-ROUGE ET DU 
CROISSANT ROUGE 4.000.000 
OCHA 3.500.000 
UNHCR 775.000 
UNICEF 6.400.000 
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM 7.800.000 
WHO 4.300.000 
UNITED NATIONS - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 600.000 
GRANT FACILITY  100.000 
GROUPE URD 100.000 
TOTAL CONTRACTS 2007 740.676.648 
 
 
EN 130   EN PART  VII. L IST OF ACRONYMS  
ACTED Agence d'aide à la coopération technique et au 
développement 
CSP Country Strategy Paper (EDF) DIPECHO/DPP DG ECHO’s Disaster  Preparedness and Prevention 
Programme 
DRC Democratic Republic of Congo DG ECHO Humanitarian Ai d Directorate-General 
EDF  European Development Fund  ESDP European Security and Defence Policy EU European Union EUMS Military Staff of the European Union FAFA The EC/UN Financial and Administrative Framework 
Agreement 
FPA Framework Partnership Agreement (between DG ECHO 
and its operational partners)  
GHD Good Humanitarian Donorship HOLIS Humanitarian Office Local Information System ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IDP Internally displaced persons IFRC International Federation of  Red Cross and Red Crescent 
Societies 
IHL International Humanitarian Law INGO International Non-gove rnmental organisation 
IOM  International Organisation for Migration LRRD Linking relief, rehabilitation and development MCDA Military and Civil Defence Assets MSF Médecins sans Frontières 
 
EN 131   EN NOHA Network on Humanitarian Assistance 
NGO Non-governmental organisation OFDA Office of U.S. Fore ign Disaster Assistance 
SPD Strategic Planning Dialogue SPP Strategic Planning and Programming  UN-CHS-
HABITAT United Nations Centre for Human Settlements - Habitat 
(UNCHS) 
UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCAP United Nations Economic a nd Social Commission for Asia 
and the Pacific 
UN-FAO United Nations – Food and Agriculture Organization UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNOCHA United Nations - Offi ce for the Coordination of 
Humanitarian Affairs 
UN-PAHO United Nations – Pan Am erican Health Organisation 
UNRWA United Nations - Relief and Works Agency for Palestine 
Refugees in the Near East 
UN-WFP United Nations - World Food Programme UN-WHO United Nations-World Health Organisation UXO Unexploded Ordnance