2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/1 
II 
(Preparatory Acts) 
COMMISSION 
Proposal for a Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Member States 
relating to roll-over protection structures incorporating two pillars and mounted in front of the 
driver's seat on narrow-track wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors 
COM(84) 400 final 
(Submitted by the Commission to the Council) 
(85/C 222/01) 
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European 
Economic Community, and in particular Article 100 
thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, 
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parlia­
ment, 
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and 
Social Committee, 
Whereas Council Directive 74/150/EEC of 4 March 
1974 on the approximation of the laws of the Member 
States relating to the type-approval of wheeled agricul­
tural or forestry tractors ('), as amended by the Act of 
Accession of Greece, lays down that the necessary 
provisions for the implementation of the EEC type-
approval procedure in respect of individual tractor 
parts or characteristics should be specified in special 
Directives; whereas the provisions relating to roll-over 
protection structures and their attachments to tractors 
have been laid down by Council Directives 77/536/ 
EEC (2) and 79/622/EEC (3); whereas these two Direc­
tives cover respectively dynamic and static testing 
procedures, either of which may be employed by manu­
facturers for the present, and relate to standard trac­
tors, that is, tractor shaving a maximum ground clea­
rance of 1 000 mm and a fixed or adjustable track width 
of one of the driving axles of not less than 1 150 mm 
and weighing between 1,5 and 4,5 tonnes in the case of 
(') OJ No L 84, 28. 3. 1974, p. 10. 
(2) OJ No L 220, 29. 8. 1977, p. 1. 
(3) OJ No L 179, 17. 7. 1979, p. 1. tractors covered by the 'dynamic testing' Directive and 
not less than 800 kilograms in the case of tractors 
covered by the 'static testing' Directive; 
Whereas the tractors covered by this Directive have a 
maximum ground clearance of 600 mm, a track width 
of both axles of less than 1 360 mm and a mass of 
between 600 and 3 000 kilograms; whereas the roll-over 
protection structures of these tractors, which are used 
for specific activities, can be made subject to specific 
requirements or requirements other than those of 
Directives 77/536/EEC and 79/622/EEC; 
Whereas the technical requirements with which such 
'narrow-track' tractors must comply pursuant to 
national laws relate inter alia to roll-over protection 
structures and to their attachment to the tractor; 
whereas those requirements differ from one Member 
State to another; whereas it is therefore necessary that 
all Member States adopt the same requirements either 
in addition to, or in place of, their existing rules in 
order, in particular, to allow the EEC type-approval 
procedure which was the subject of Directive 74/150/ 
EEC to be introduced in respect of each type of 
tractor; 
Whereas this Directive covers roll-over protection 
structures of the dualpillar type mounted in front of the 
driver's seat and characterized by a reduced zone of 
clearance attributable to the tractor silhouette, thus 
rendering it inadvisable, under any circumstances, to 
impede access to the driving position and to retain 
these structures (fold-down or not) in view of their 
undoubted ease of use; whereas roll-over protection 
structures of the rear-mounted rollbar, frame or cab 
type have been the subject of another special Direc­
tive; 
No C 222/2 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Whereas a harmonized component type-approval 
procedure for roll-over protection structures and their 
attachment to the tractor makes it possible for each 
Member State to check compliance with the common 
construction and testing requirements and to inform 
the other Member States of its findings by sending them 
copies of the component type-approval certificate 
completed for each type of roll-over protection struc­
ture and its attachment to the tractor; whereas the 
placing of an EEC component type-approval mark on 
all structures manufactured in conformity with the 
approved type obviates any need for technical checks 
on those structures in the other Member States; 
whereas common requirements concerning other 
elements and characteristics of the roll-over protection 
structure, in particular those concerning the dimen­
sions, doors, safety glass, devices to prevent continuous 
roll-over if the tractor overturns, and protection of 
occupants, will be laid down at a later date; 
Whereas the harmonized requirements are intended 
principally to ensure safety at work and safety on the 
road throughout the Community; whereas, for this 
reason, it is necessary to introduce the obligation for 
tractors covered by this Directive to be fitted with roll­
over protection structures; 
Whereas the approximation of the national laws 
relating to these tractors entails reciprocal recognition 
by Member States of the checks carried out by each of 
them on the basis of the common requirements, 
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: 
Article 1 
This Directive shall apply to tractors as defined in 
Article 1 of Directive 74/150/EEC having the 
following characteristics: 
— ground clearance of not more than 600 mm beneath 
the front and rear axles, allowing for the differen­
tial, 
— minimum track width of both axles of less than 
1 150 mm and maximum track width of less than 
1 360 mm, 
— mass of between 600 and 3 000 kilograms, corres­
ponding to the unladen weight of the tractor as 
defined in section 2.4 of Annex I to Directive 74/ 
150/EEC, including the roll-over protection struc­
ture fitted in compliance with this Directive and 
tyres of the largest size recommended by the manu­
facturer. 
Article 2 
1. Each Member State shall grant EEC component 
type-approval for any type of roll-over protection 
structure and its tractor attachment which satisfies the 
construction and testing requirements laid down in 
Annexes I to V. 
2. A Member State which has granted EEC 
component type-approval shall take the measures 
required to verify, in so far as is necessary and if need be in cooperation with the competent authorities in the 
other Member States, that production models conform 
to the approved type. Such verification shall be limited 
to spot checks. 
Article 3 
Member States shall, for each type of roll-over protec­
tion structure and its tractor attachment which they 
approve pursuant to Article 1, issue to the manufac­
turer of the tractor or of the roll-over protection struc­
ture, or to his authorized representative, an EEC 
component type-approval mark conforming to the 
model shown in Annex VII. 
Member States shall take all appropriate measures to 
prevent the use of marks liable to create confusion 
between roll-over protection structures which have 
been component type-approved pursuant to Article 1 
and other devices. 
Article 4 
1. No Member State may prohibit the placing on the 
market of roll-over protection structures or their tractor 
attachments on grounds relating to their construction if 
they bear the EEC component type-approval mark. 
2. Nevertheless, a Member State may prohibit the 
placing on the market of roll-over protection structures 
bearing the EEC component type-approval mark which 
fail to conform to the approved type. 
That State shall forthwith inform the other Member 
States and the Commission of the measures taken, 
specifying the reasons for its decision. 
Article 5 
The competent authorities of each Member State shall 
within one month send to the competent authorities of 
the other Member States copies of the component type-
approval certificates, an example of which is given in 
Annex VIII, completed for each type of roll-over 
protection structure which they approve or refuse to 
approve. 
Article 6 
1. If the Member State which has granted EEC 
component type-approval finds that a number of roll­
over protection structures and their tractor attachments 
bearing the same EEC component type-approval mark 
do not conform to the type which it has approved, it 
shall take the necessary measures to ensure that produc­
tion models conform to the approved type. The compe­
tent authorities of that State shall advise those of the 
other Member States of the measures taken which may, 
if necessary, where there is serious and repeated failure 
to conform, extend to withdrawal of EEC component 
type-approval. The said authorities shall take the same 
measures if they are informed by the competent autho­
rities of another Member State of such failure to 
conform. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/3 
2. The competent authorities of the Member States 
shall within one month inform each other of any with­
drawal of EEC component type-approval and of the 
reasons for any such measure. 
Article 7 
Any decision taken pursuant to the provisions adopted 
in implementation of this Directive to refuse or with­
draw component type-approval for roll-over protection 
structures and their tractor attachments, or to prohibit 
their placing on the market or their use, shall set out in 
detail the reasons on which it is based. Such decision 
shall be notified to the party concerned, who shall at 
the same time be informed of the remedies available to 
him under the laws in force in the Member States and 
of the time limits allowed for the exercise of such reme­
dies. 
Article 8 
No Member State may refuse to grant EEC type-
approval or nationel type-approval in respect of a 
tractor on grounds relating to the roll-over protection 
structure or its tractor attachment if these bear the EEC 
component type-approval mark and if the requirements 
laid down in Annex IX have been satisfied. 
Article 9 
No Member State may refuse or prohibit the sale, regis­
tration, entry into service or use of any tractor on 
grounds relating to the roll-over protection structure 
and its tractor attachment if these bear the EEC 
component type-approval mark and if the requirements 
laid down in Annex IX have been met. Article 10 
Any tractor to which Article 1 refers must be fitted with 
a roll-over protection structure. Such a structure, unless 
it is of the rear-mounted rollbar, frame or cab type, 
must comply with the requirements laid down in 
Annexes I to V to this Directive, or in Directives 
77/536/EEC or 79/622/EEC. 
Article 11 
Any amendments which are necessary in order to adapt 
the requirements of the Annexes to this Directive so as 
to take account of technical progress shall be adopted 
in accordance with the procedure laid down in 
Article 13 of Directive 74/150/EEC. 
Article 12 
1. Member States shall bring into force the provisions 
necessary to comply with this Directive within 18 
months of its notification and shall forthwith inform 
the Commission thereof. 
2. Member States shall ensure that the texts of the 
main provisions of national law which they adopt in 
the field covered by this Directive are communicated to 
the Commission. 
Article 13 
This Directive is addressed to the Member States. 
No C 222/4 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
LIST OF ANNEXES 
ANNEX I 
ANNEX II 
ANNEX III 
A 
B 
C 
ANNEX IV 
A 
B 
ANNEX V 
ANNEX VI 
ANNEX VII 
ANNEX VIII 
ANNEX IX 
ANNEX X Conditions for EEC component type-approval 
Prior conditions to be met by tractor/protection structure assemblies subjected to 
strength tests in accordance with Annexes III and IV 
Conditions for testing the strength of protection structures and of their attachment 
to tractors 
Apparatus and equipment for dynamic tests 
Apparatus and equipment for static tests 
Symbols 
Test procedures 
— dynamic testing 
— static testing 
Figures 
Test report model 
Marks 
Model of EEC component type-approval certificate 
Conditions for EEC type-approval 
Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate for a tractor with regard to the strength 
of the protection structures as well as of their attachment to the tractor 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/5 
ANNEX I 
CONDITIONS FOR EEC COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL 
1. DEFINITION 
1.1. 'Roll-over protection structure' hereinafter called 'protection structure', means the structure on a 
tractor the essential purpose of which is to avoid or limit risks to the driver resulting from roll­
over of the tractor during normal use. 
1.2. The structures mentioned in item 1.1 display the following characteristics: 
— all the uprights are mounted in front of the centre of the steering wheel, 
— the structures have a zone of clearance as defined in Annex IV-A, point 2. 
1.3. Structures which do not satisfy the requirements laid down in item 1.2 above may be tested in 
accordance with the provisions of Directive 77/536/EEC or Directive 79/622/EEC. 
2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 
2.1. Every protection structure and its attachment to a tractor must be so designed and constructed as 
to fulfil the essential purpose laid down in section 1. 
2.2. This condition is considered to be fulfilled if the requirements of Annexes II, III and IV are 
complied with. 
3. APPLICATION FOR EEC COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL 
3.1 The application for EEC component type-approval with regard to the strength of a protection 
structure and the strength of its attachment to a tractor shall be submitted by the tractor manu­
facturer or by the manufacturer of the protection structure or by their authorized representa­
tives. 
3.2. The application for EEC component type-approval shall be accompanied by the undermentioned 
documents in triplicate and by the following particulars: 
— a drawing, either to scale or with indication of the principal dimensions, showing the general 
arrangement of the protection structure. This drawing must, in particular, show details of the 
mounting components, 
— photographs from side and rear, showing mounting details, 
— brief description of the protection structure, including type of construction, method of 
mounting on the tractor and, where necessary, details of cladding, means of access and 
escape, details of interior padding and of features to prevent continuous rolling, and details of 
heating and ventilation, 
— details of materials used in the structure and in the roll-over protection structure mountings 
(see Annex VI). 
3.3. A tractor representative of the tractor type for which the protection structure to be approved is 
intended shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for conducting the component 
type-approval tests. This tractor shall be equipped with the protection structure. 
3.4. The holder of EEC component type-approval may request its extension to other tractor types. 
The competent authority which has granted the original EEC component type-approval shall 
grant the extension if the approved protection structure and the type(s) of tractor for which the 
extension is requested comply with the following conditions: 
— the mass of the unballasted tractor, as defined in section 1.4 of Annex III, does not exceed by 
more than 5% the reference mass used in the test, 
— the method of attachment and the points of attachment to the tractor are identical, 
— any components such as mudguards and bonnets which may provide support for the protec­
tion structure have identical strength and are identically situated with respect to the protection 
structure, 
— the critical dimensions and the position of the seat and steering wheel relative to the protec­
tion structure, and the position relative to the protection structure of the points deemed rigid 
and taken into consideration for the purpose of verifying that the zone of clearance is 
protected, are such that the zone of clearance continues to be protected by the structure after 
the latter has undergone the deformation resulting from the various tests, 
— the prior conditions specified in Annex II remain satisfied. 
No C 222/6 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
4. MARKINGS 
4.1. Every protection structure conforming to the approved type shall bear the following markings: 
4.1.1. the trade mark or name; 
4.1.2. a component type-approval mark conforming to the model in Annex VII; 
4.1.3. serial number of the protection structure; 
4.1.4. make and type(s) of tractor(s) for which the protection structure is intended. 
4.2. All these particulars must appear on a small plate. 
4.3. These markings must be visible, legible and indelible. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/7 
ANNEX II 
Preliminary conditions to be met as regards the fitting of tractor protection structures which are to be 
subjected to the strength tests described in Annexes III and IV 
PREPARATION FOR THE PRELIMINARY TEST 
The tractor must be equipped with the protection structure. The tractor must be fitted with tyres 
having the greatest diameter allowed by the manufacturer and the smallest cross-section for tyres 
of that diameter. The tyres must not be liquid-ballasted and must be inflated to the pressure 
recommended for field work. 
The rear wheels must be set to the narrowest track width; the front wheels must be set as closely 
as possible to the same track width. 
If it is possible to have two front track settings which differ equally from the narrowest rear track 
setting, the wider of these two front track settings must be selected. 
All the tractor's tanks must be filled or the liquids must be replaced by an equivalent mass in the 
corresponding position. 
LATERAL STABILITY TEST 
Place the tractor, prepared as specified above, on a horizontal plane so that the tractor front-axle 
pivot point or, in the case of an articulated tractor, the horizontal pivot point between the two 
axles can move freely. 
Using any appropriate means, such as a jack or a hoist, tilt the part of the tractor which is rigidly 
connected to the axle that bears more than 50% of the tractor's weight, while constantly meas­
uring the angle of inclination. This angle must be at least 38° at the moment when the tractor is 
resting in a state of unstable equilibrium on the wheels touching the ground. 
Perform the test once with the steering wheel turned to full right lock and once with the steering 
wheel turned to full left lock. 
NON-CONTINUOUS ROLLING TEST 
3.1. General remarks 
This test is intended to check whether a structure fitted to the tractor for the protection of the 
driver can satisfactorily prevent continuous roll-over of the tractor in the event of its overturning 
laterally on a slope with a gradient of 1 : 1,5. 
Evidence of non-continuous rolling can be provided in accordance with one of the two methods 
described in items 3.2 and 3.3 below. 
3.2. Demonstration of non-continuous rolling behaviour by means of the overturning test 
The overturning test must be carried out on a test slope at least 4 m long (see Annex V, figure 1). 
The surface must be covered with an 18 cm layer of a material which — measured in accordance 
with the ASAE recommandation — has a cone penetration index of A (235 ± 20) or B 
(335 ± 20). 
The tractor is tilted laterally with zero initial speed; for this purpose it is placed at the start of the 
test slope in such a way that the wheels on the downhill side rest on the slope and the tractor's 
medium plane is parallel with the contour lines. 
After striking the surface of the test slope, the tractor may lift itself from the surface by pivoting 
about the upper corner of the protection structure, but it must not roll over. It must fall back on 
the side which it first struck. 
No C 222/8 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
3.3. Demonstration of non-continuous rolling behaviour by calculation 
3.3.1. For the purpose of verifying non-continuous rolling behaviour by calculation, the following 
characteristic tractor data must be ascertained (see Appendix 3, figure 1): 
H1 (m) Height of centre of gravity. 
L 3 (m) Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and rear axle. 
L 2 (m) Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and the front axle. 
D3 (m) Height of rear tyres. 
D2 (m) Height of front tyres. 
H 6 (m) Overall height (point-of-impact height). 
L 6 (m) Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and the leading edge of the 
protection structure (to be preceded by a minus sign if the leading edge lies in 
front of the plane of the centre of gravity). 
B 6 (m) Width of protection structure. 
H 7 (m) Height of engine bonnet. 
B 7 (m) Width of engine bonnet. 
L 7 (m) Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and the front corner of the 
engine bonnet. 
H 0 (m) Height of the front-axle pivot point. 
S (m) Rear track width. 
B 0 (m) Rear tyre width. 
DO (rad) Front-axle swing angle (from zero position to end of travel). 
M (kg) Tractor mass. 
Q (kgm2) Moment of inertia about the longitudinal axis through the centre of gravity. 
The sum of the track width S and tyre width B 0 must be greater than the width B 6 of the 
protection structure. The centre of gravity and moment of inertia can be determined in accord­
ance with Appendix 1. 
3.3.2. For the purposes of calculation, the following simplifying assumptions can be made: 
— the stationary tractor overturns on a slope with a 1 : 1,5 gradient with a balanced front axle, as 
soon as the centre of gravity is vertically above the axis of rotation, 
— the axis of rotation is parallel to the tractor's longitudinal axis and passes through the centre 
of the contact surfaces of the downhill front and rear wheel, 
— the tractor does not slide downhill, 
— impact on the slope is partly elastic, with a coefficient of elasticity of U = 0,2, 
— the depth of penetration into the slope and the deformation of the protection structure 
together amount to T = 0,2 m, 
— no other components of the tractor penetrate into the slope. 
3.3.3. In the event of lateral overturning and roll-over there are three different modes of tractor roll­
over, depending on whether the protection structure mounted perpendicularly to the longitudinal 
axis, is mounted at the rear of, in the vicinity of, or forward of, the plane of the centre of 
gravity. 
If the roll-over protection structure is mounted at the rear, the tractor will pitch forward, pivoting 
about axes of rotation 1 and 2 and striking the ground with the roll-over structure, whereupon 
further rotation will occur about axes 4 and 6 (figure 2 a). 
In the case of a roll-over protection structure mounted in the vicinity of the plane of the centre of 
gravity, the tractor first rotates about axis 2 and then pivots and rotates about axis 3, which is 
parallel thereto (figure 2 b). The tractor will roll-over in this direction when the point of impact of 
the roll-over structure lies perpendicular to axis 2 and passes through the plane of the centre of 
gravity. This is described as the 'unstable equilibrium position' since it represents the transition 
from backward roll-over (about the rear axle) to forward roll-over (about the engine bonnet). 
If the roll-over structure is mounted forward of the plane of the centre of gravity, the tractor will 
roll over backwards about axes of rotation 1, 2 and 4 (figure 2 c). 
Figure 3 shows schematically the overall tractor height, as calculated for each of the three 
possible roll-over modes A, B and C, that is required in order to prevent continuous roll-over. 
The actual height necessary to prevent continuous roll-over is described by curve C, but the 
polygon formed by A, B and C provides a sufficiently close approximation. The result of the 
non-continuous roll-over calculation is positive if the actual tractor height is greater than that 
calculated by means of the polygon method. 
In the computer program, the roll-over behaviour in the case of cylindrical roll-over (polygon 
line B) is always calculated first. Depending on whether the protection structure is located in 
front of or behind the straight lines S2 in figure 3, backward roll-over (polygon line C) or forward 
roll-over (polygon line A) is assumed and examined. 
Further details of the calculation process and the calculation formulae used are given in 
Appendix 2. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/9 
CONDITIONS GOVERNING STRENGTH TESTS 
The protection structure may only be subjected to the strength tests described in Annexes III and 
IV if both of the tests described in sections 2 and 3 of the present Annex have been satisfactorily 
completed. 
Appendix 1 
Determination of the centre of gravity and the moment of inertia 
1. The weight mt of the tractor should be determined by weighing 
2. The maximum front-axle weight mA should be determined by 
weighing 
3. The axle spacing L is 
4. The distance L3 between the centre of gravity S and the rear axle 
is calculated on the basis of 
L3 = 2A . L 
3 m, L -
L, = kg 
kg 
m 
The static radius of the rear-wheel tyres is 
The tractor should be suspended front and rear on adequately dimen­
sioned ball bearings parallel to the tractor's longitudinal axis, in a 
state of stable equilibrium so that all four tyres are the same distance 
b from a horizontal reference plane (figure 1*). The tractor must be 
suspended above its centre of gravity, so as to ensure that injudicious 
positioning of the centre of gravity does not result in inadvertent 
overturning. 
T* / M2 ' 
L_ _6—-_i—,_ 
-9S-n 
L 
9. 
10. 
11. Figure 1* 
Measurements are taken of the distance from the reference plane 
(figure 1 *) to the centre of the rear axle and from the reference plane 
to the suspension point respectively. The distance r between the 
centre of gravity S and the suspension point M, is not known and is 
ascertained in order to determine the height of the centre of gravity 
(see point 11). 
A pendulum test of a least 100 oscillations at a maximum deflection 
of 4 to 7° is carried out to determine the oscillation period T, 
The tractor is now suspended at a distance greater by a from the 
centre of gravity (figure 2*), a being adjusted to > 0,04 m 
Tests are then carried out as described in point 8 to determine the 
oscillation period T2 Figure 2* 
S, - .... 
s, = 
T, = 
T, -
The distance r is then calculated from the formula: 
4 K2 , . a2 
g T,2 • a 
T,2 - T,2 + 8n2 
g 
If the selected distance from the centre of gravity is greater in the first 
measurement than in the second measurement, a should be preceded 
by a minus sign. If the calculation gives a value of r < 0,15 m, or, for 
No C 222/10 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
tractors weighing more than 2 000 kg, a value of r < 0,3 m, the 
suspension point should be altered and a new measurement taken. 
12. The height H1 of the centre of gravity above the contact surface of the 
tyre is then: 
HI - S2 - S, - r + rstat HI - m 
13. The moment of inertia is calculated from the formula: 
Q - «t • r • (^ • V " r) Q = kgm 
14. The calculation must take account of the weight and moment of 
inertia of any test equipment moving in unison with the tractor. 
Appendix 2 
Further explanation of the calculation procedure and the calculation formulae used 
Figures 4 to 9 show the roll-over geometry of a tractor during lateral overturning. The individual roll­
over stages are shown in figure 10. 
It is assumed that the stationary tractor, positioned on a slope having a gradient of, for instance, 1:1,5 
and with one wheel of its front swing axle up against the stop, loses its unstable equilibrium and begins 
to tilt, as soon as the centre of gravity is vertically above the axis of rotation (figure 10a). Axis of rotation 
1 is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tractor and passes through the contact surface of the downhill 
rear and front wheel. Because of the pronounced deformation of the tractor tyres in this position, the 
axis of rotation was assumed to be displaced towards the centre of the tyres (figure 10b). The tractor 
overturns from this position, the speed of rotation increasing from zero to the value O0 (coA1) shortly 
before impact on the slope (figure 10c). 
When the upper edges of the front wheel and rear wheel strike the ground — the front axle being 
assumed to be in an intermediate position once more parallel to the rear axle — the outer edges of both 
tyres are subjected to semi-elastic shocks (coefficient of elasticity U = 0,2) in the downhill direction and 
perpendicular to the surface of the slope. The two shocks (front and rear) are combined in the calcula­
tion as a single shock registered in the plane of the centre of gravity. 
After the shock at the upper edges of the tyres, the tractor continues to turn at the speed of rotation 
Ol (©BQ). On the assumption that the tractor continues to turn about axis 2 through the upper edges of 
the rear wheel and front wheel, the speed of rotation Ol (co^) must be converted into the slightly 
different speed 02 ((om) perpendicular to the new axis of rotation 2. The gradient angle is slightly 
altered by the direction of the new axis of rotation 2. Similarly, the moment of inertia Q is converted in 
respect of axis 2, using the ellipsoid of inertia and the Steiner theorem. For this purpose, it is assumed 
that the moments of inertia about the tractor's transverse and vertical axes are three times the moment of 
inertia about the longitudinal axis. 
The tractor continues to turn about axis 2 until the corner of the bar strikes and penetrates the ground by 
T(m) (figure lOd). Let the speed of rotation prior to impact on the bar and the front wheel be 03 (coB1). 
After impact, the tractor will continue to turn at 05 (<oc0) about the new axis 4 through the upper edge 
of the front wheel and a point on the surface of the slope above the impacted bar corner C. 
Let the speed of rotation when the engine bonnet strikes the ground (figure lOe) be 06 (o)cl). After the 
impact on the bar and the engine bonnet, the tractor will have a speed of rotation of 07 (coD0) or 08 
(WDO) perpendicular to the new axis of rotation 6. The tractor continues to turn about axis 6 through the 
engine-bonnet corner and bar corner (figure 1 Of) until the centre of gravity is vertically above axis of 
rotation 6. If the tractor still has a speed of rotation of 09 (coend) at this moment of unstable equilibrium, 
it will continue to roll. If the energy of rotation was previously so slight that unstable equilibrium is not 
attained, the tractor will come to rest on the slope. 
Height of centre of gravity in roll-over position 
If the tractor is considered in the longitudinal direction, the connection between the contact point in the 
middle of the rear wheels and the centre of gravity at the moment when the edge of the tractor, 
supported by the front axle, rests on the ground is defined as radius W0. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/11 
For rotation at the tyre centre, the height of the centre of gravity in the roll-over position WO is obtained, 
according to figure 11, as follows: 
R2 - i/Hl2 + L32 
CI = arc tan I —I 
LO = L3 + L2 
L9 = arc tan (HO/LO) 
H9 = R2 • sin (C1-L9) < 
H9 
Wl -tan (CI - L9) sin (CI - L9) - (H9/R2) 
tan (CI - L9) - (H9/W1) 
tan Fl = (S1/W2) 
sin Fl = W3/(W2-W1) 
tan W4 = H9/W3 
sin (W4 + DO) = W5/ ]/H92 + W32 W2 =i/H02 + LO2 
SI - S/2 
Fl - arc tan (S1/W2) ±= 
W3 = (W2 - Wl) • sin Fl f= 
W4 - arc tan (H9/W3) ±=. 
W5 = /H9TTW32 sin (W4 + DO) ±= 
W6 - W3 - i/W32 + H92 cos (W4 + DO) 
W7 = Wl + W6 • sin Fl 
W8 - arc tan (W5/W7) 
W9 - sin (W8 + L9) ]/W52 + W72 £= 
WO = i/W92 + (SI - W6 • cos Fl)2 
WO is the radius of rotation when the tractor begins to overturn after the front axle 'bottoms'. When the 
tractor strikes the ground, it is assumed that the front and rear axles are again parallel. Hence according 
to figure 12, the radius of rotation on impact is: ^ sin (W8 + L9) - W9/ |/W52 -I- W72 
o'-l/(HM)2 + H|2 
Roll-over in position 1 (wheels on the ground) 
According to figure 12, the angle of rotation about which the tractor overturns from the unstable posi­
tion until the moment of impact with the ground is: 
vj/ = AO + n/2 - a 
Given the constant design angle G2, the 'height of fall' of the centre of gravity becomes: 
G2 - arc tan [2 • H1/(S + BO)] 
G3 - WO - Gl • cos (AO + G2) 
The energy equation: 
\ QA • OO2 = M • G • G3 
and the moment of inertia about point A with a mean radius: 
give the impact velocity OO (o)AI) 
No C 222/12 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Tractor coordinates in position 1 
Position 1 of the tractor after impact — with the wheels on the slope — is determined by the coordinates 
of points 1 to 7 in figure 14. Angle F2, which also describes the movement of the old axis of rotation 1 to 
the new axis of rotation 2, gives the coordinates shown in Table 1. According to figure 15, the following 
equations apply: 
D3 - D2 
tanF2/2 = 2(L3 + L2) 
tan F2 2 • tan (F2/2) 
1 - tan2 (F2/2) 
D3 - D2 
L0 F2 = arc tan — , D3 - D2 
2 (L3 + L2> 
The value L8 shows the position of the leading corner of the bar in relation to the plane of the centre of 
gravity at which the forward roll-over direction over the engine bonnet changes to a backward direction 
over the rear wheel. The value is explained later. 
To calculate the impulses and the velocity of continuous rolling, the tractor is considered in the limited 
context of the plane of its centre of gravity and the impacts on these are assumed to be diminished 
(figure 14). This gives the lengths or lever arms for equation (h) with which the velocity of continuous 
rolling 01 (co^) perpendicular to axis 1 after the impact at B can be calculated. The possibility of tyre 
penetration into the ground is ignored because of the large contact surface, although this plays a major 
role in the case of impact on the roll-over protection structure. 
Calculation of the speed of rotation after impact 
When the wheels, roll-over protection structure and engine bonnet hit the ground, the vehicle is 
subjected to shock loads which reduce the speed of rotation. If the impact surface is small, the vehicle 
part t (m) will sink deep into the ground or undergo elastic deformation (figure 13). 
At the same time, shocks may occur in the downhill direction (x direction) and perpendicular thereto (y 
direction). These shocks can be calculated on the basis of certain assumptions and can be used to deter­
mine the continuous roll-over velocity. The following conditions must be fulfilled: equilibrium of forces 
in the x and y directions (equation (a) or (b)) and balance of moments (c) at the centre of gravity. This 
calculation takes account only of propulsion forces, the bearing and gravitational forces being ignored. 
The moment about the centre of gravity is ascertained from the torque term, the moment being derived 
from the forces and the lever arms or from the impulses and the lever arms after integration. The 
impulses can be determined if the velocities of the centre of gravity are replaced by the corresponding 
speeds of rotation. If the impulses are inserted in the torque term, the speed of rotation during con­
tinuous roll-over co, after a plastic or elastic impact, can be calculated with the impact number k, equa­
tion (h). 
m x = Fx (t); m x = J Fx (t) dt; m(xs - xso) - / Fx (t) dt Jx (a) 
my - Fy (t); m y - J Fy (t) dt; m (ys - ys0) = J Fy (t) dt - Jy (b) 
8s<j> - M (t); 8s(j> = J M (t) dt; 8S (co - o>0) = Jxc - Jyd (c) 
Velocity: 
*so - <o0° + *0 (d) 
yso <">oa (e) 
*s - co c (f) 
ys - co d -I- (a + d) co0 k (g) 
If (d) to (g) are inserted in (a) and (b), the following equations apply where x0 « O: 
Jx = — m co c + m co0b, 
Jy = m co d + m (a + d) co0 k + maco0. 
If inserted in (c) this gives: 
8sco — 8sco0 = — mc2 co + mbc co0 — m co d2 — mad co0k — md2 co0k — mad co0; 
, 8S + mbc - md2k - (k + l)mad and: co = -* ^——— '- co0 (h) 8C + mc2 + md2 ° 
2.9.85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/13 
Characteristic points (according to figure 14): 
Kl = x, 4 + y, 4 • tan F2 
K2 = xu 
K3 - z, , 
K4 = Kl - x,, 
After impact of the wheels on the ground, the continuous roll-over velocity 01 (coB0) becomes, accor­
ding to equation h: 
Ol _ Q + M • K3 • K3 - M • K42 • U - (U + 1) • M • K2 • K4 
Q + M • K32 + M • K42 ' °° 
TABLE 1 
Coordinates of the major tractor points in the x, y, z, system 
in tractor position 1 (figure 14) 
Point 
Centre of gravity 
Lower front wheel 
Lower rear wheel 
Upper front wheel 
Upper rear wheel 
Corner of cabin 
Corner of engine 
bonnet Coordinates 
XU 
xl,2 
Xl,3 
xl,4 
Xl,5 
Xl,6 
Xl,7 - HI 
= 0 
- 0 
- ^ (1 + cos F2) 
- ^ (1 + cos F2) 
- H 
- H7 y.,. - o 
yi,2 = L2 
Yl.3 = L3 
y, 4 = L2 + ~ sin F2 
y, 5 L3 + °^ sin F2 
yi,6—L6 
Yl,7 - L7 ZU 
Zl,2 
Zl,3 
Zl,4 
Zl,5 
Zl,6 
Zl,7 - (S + B0)/2 
= 0 
= 0 
= 0 
= 0 
S + BO B 
2 2 
S + BO B7 
2 ~ 2 
Transformation of coordinates from 1 to 2 (for the axis of rotation through the upper edge of the front and 
rear wheel) 
After the impact of the wheels on the ground, the tractor continues to roll about the new axis of rotation. 
When viewed along this axis, the tractor has the following coordinates calculated from system 1 in 
accordance with figure 15: 
a) Displacement of origin from A to B: 
x' - x, - HI 
x' = y, 
z' = z, 
b) Rotation about F2: 
x" = x' cos F2 -I- y' sin F2 
y" = — x' sin F2 + y' cos F2 
z" = z' 
c) Displacement to B': 
x™ = x" - K4 cos F2 
y" = y" 
z'" = z" 
d) Total transformation from 1 to 2 of all values with the index k, from k = 1 to 7: 
x2,k — (xi,k — HI) • cos F2 + y, k sin F2 — K4 • cos F2 
y2k = — (x, k — HI) sin F2 + y, k cos F2 
z2,k = Zl,k 
02 - Ol • cos F2 
No C 222/14 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
As a result of the inclination of the new axis of rotation, the angular velocity Ol is reduced to: 
02 = 01 cos F2 
Similarly, there is a new angle of gradient A2 (figure 16) perpendicular to axis of rotation 2. If the 
inclined surface is viewed at right angles, the angle of inclination changes from AO to A2 when axis of 
rotation 1 is rotated through the angle F2 into axis of rotation 2: 
tan • A2 - j ; h" - tan • AO • (1 • cos F2) • cos AO 
f = ^(1 • cos F2 • cos AO)2 + (1 • sin F2)2 
tan AO • 1 • cos F2 • cos AO tan AO tan A2 |/l2 • cos2 F2 • cos2 AO + l2 • sin2 F2 _/j" t tan2 F2 
cos2 AO 
A, . f tan AO 1 
A2 = arc tan —. j tan2 F2J 
cos2 AO 
Roll-over from position 2 to position 3 (impact of the protection structure) 
This mode of rotation is considered below for both types of protection structure, i.e. centrally mounted 
and rear-mounted, together: the tractor rolls about axis 2 from position 2 into position 3, in which the 
protection structure has struck and penetrated the ground by the value T2 or has undergone elastic 
deformation (figure 17). The angle of rotation is calculated from angle C2 up to the impact of the 
protection structure on the ground and from angle El, which takes account of the specified deforma­
tion: 
C2 = arc tan 
VO = ]/x26 + z26 
El * T2/V0 
If the tractor is reduced to the plane of the centre of gravity, the distance between the bar substitution 
point C and the axis of rotation is correspondingly reduced in the case of a rear-mounted protection 
structure (third part of the calculation) (figure 17): 
E2-7-^V-.V0 
v2,4 ^2,6 
Penetration at the equivalent cross-section is then (three-dimensional rolling): 
T3 = El • E2 
For cylindrical rolling about axis 3' parallel to axis 2 (figure 20), E2 must be equal to VO. Since E2 differs 
only slightly from VO for bars near the plane of the centre of gravity, T3 « El -E2 was used for the 
penetration in the case of cylindrical roll-over also. In the program described here, which runs from 10 
June 1982 to 7 July 1983, the approximate depth is replaced by the exact depth (cylindrical rolling): 
T3 = El • VO 
Using the known angle of rotation C2 + El, all the important coordinate points are rotated into the new 
x3 z3 plane. For this purpose, the angle E3 between each coordinate point 'k' and the positive z2 axis is 
first determined (figure 18): 
tan E3 <= •— 
Z2,k 
x3,k - l/x|k + z2k sin (E3 + C2 + El) 
y3,k = y2,k 
z3,k = ]/X2,k + z2,k • cos (E3 + C2 + El) 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/15 
Height of fall and impact velocity 
According to figure 19, the tractor remains at rest if the centre of gravity in position 2 is to the right of 
the vertical and if the rotational energy is insufficient to bring the centre of gravity to the maximum 
height. This is described by the following relationships: 
tan V6 = ~ 
z2,l 
If -V6 > A2, it follows that: 
V7 - E4[l - cos(-A2 - V6)] 
V7 • M • G > i (Q3 + M E42) 022 
V5 
If the 'boundary energy level' is greater than the rotational energy, the tractor remains in position 2. 
In this case: E4 = ]/xl,\ +zl.\ 
The moment inertia about the transverse axis is assumed to be approximately three times that about the 
longitudinal axis. According to the ellipsoid of inertia, this gives: 
Q3 = (Q) • cos2 F2 + (3 Q) • sin2 F2 
If the condition for 'remaining at rest' is not fulfilled, the height of fall V8 and impact velocity 03 (coB1), 
according to figure 19, are: 
V8 = E4 • cos (-V6 - A2) - E4 • cos (-n' - A2) 
X3.1 tan 
03 T) 
1 Z3.l 
fr 2MG • 
>3 + M V8 
• E42 + 022 
Speed of rotation after impact on the cabin 
The speed of continuous rotation 04 (coco) after impact on the protection structure (point C in the 
substitute cross-section in the plane of the centre of gravity) is as follows (see figure 17): 
where 
K9 - x3J 
K5 = z3, 
K6 = z31 + T3 (for roll-over on engine bonnet) 
K6 = z31 + El • VO (if axis of rotation 3' is parallel to axis 2) 
K7 = E2 — x31 (for roll-over on engine bonnet) 
K7 = VO — x3, (if axis of rotation 3' is parallel to axis 2, E2 • VO) 
Q3 + M • K5 • K6 - M • K72 • U - (U + 1) • M • K9 • K7 
Q3 + M • K62 + M • K72 
Up to this point, roll-over and, consequently, most parts of the calculation remain the same regardless of 
the position of the protection structure. 
The following sections go on to describe the first part, cylindrical roll-over with the protection structure 
near the plane of the centre of gravity; this is followed by a second part which describes roll-over with a 
front-mounted bar (roll-over on rear wheel), and a third part which describes the further equations 
applicable to roll-over with a rear-mounted bar (roll-over on the engine bonnet). 
Calculation of the point of impact of the protection structure close to the point of equilibrium (near the 
plane of the centre of gravity) 
If the protection structure is located behind the centre of gravity, the tractor topples forward on to the 
engine bonnet after turning about axis 4 (figure 10) and after the impact of the protection structure. In 
the case of a front-mounted protection structure, the tractor will roll over on the rear wheel. In between 
these two possibilities there is a position in which the tractor (figure 20) tilts neither forwards nor back-
No C 222/16 Official Journal of the European Communities 2.9.85 
wards after the impact of the protection structure, but comes to rest 'at equilibrium' and turns about axis 
of rotation 3' which is parallel to axis 2 (point of equilibrium = unstable longitudinal equilibrium). 
This case occurs when the point of impact of the protection structure according to figure 21 lies in the 
plane perpendicular to axis 2 which passes through the centre of gravity. 
In the coordinate system according to figure 21, the point of impact must satisfy the following equa­
tions: 
H - (1/tan F2) • (-L8) + HI 
L8 (tan F2) (H - HI) 
Note: L8 is so defined that when the leading corner of the protection structure lies in front of the plane 
of the centre of gravity it is preceded by a minus sign. 
The speed of continuous rotation 04 ((oco) after the impact of the protection structure is calculated 
last. 
According to figure 22, for rotation about axis 3' the following equation applies (see figure 20): 
N3 = l/(X3,6 - X3,,)2 + (Z3,6 - Z3..)2 
Here z16 = 0, which merely displaces the point of rotation of the protection structure that has pene­
trated the ground to the surface of the slope. 
Q6 - Q3 + M • N32' 
The tractor remains at rest on the slope if the kinetic energy in position 3 is insufficient to bring the 
centre of gravity above the maximum height: 
Z3,l 
If — N2< A2, the centre of gravity is already beyond the unstable position and the tractor will continue 
to roll over. A number of jumps are required in the program since there is no final velocity 09 (o)end) in 
this case. In the other case the limiting height is: 
N4 - N3 [1 - cos (-A2 - N2)] 
If 
N4 • M • G > { • Q6 • Q42 
N5 
then the tractor remains at rest — on the assumption that the point of impact is in the 'equilibrium 
position'. If this is not the case, the speed of rotation in the position in which the tractor attains the 
maximum height (unstable equilibrium) is: 
In this version the tractor continues to roll over even though the protection structure is in the most 
favourable position for non-continuous rolling. This means that it will also continue to roll over what­
ever the position of the bar. 
If, the tractor in accordance with this roll-over geometry, remains at rest, it must be ascertained in what 
manner — depending on the position L6 of the bar in relation to the plane of the centre of gravity — the 
tractor could continue to roll, i.e. forwards over the engine bonnet or backwards over the rear wheel. If, 
in accordance with figure 21, 
L6 > L8 
the bar is mounted behind the point of longitudinal unstable equilibrium. The calculation for this 
version is given in the last section of the computer program. If this does not apply, the leading corner of 
the protection structure is located in front of the point of equilibrium (roll-over on the rear wheel). 
Calculation for point of impact in front of the point of equlibrium 
Transformation of coordinates from 3 to 4 
(Origin in uppermost point of rear wheel; see figure 23) 
v25 E2 - vo • rv 
y2,5 v2,6 
T3 - E2 • El 
For z36 = 0, the point of rotation according to figure 17 is again displaced to the surface of the slope for 
reasons of simplification. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/17 
The geometrical content of the following equations, beginning with the conversion of the moment of 
inertia Q3 and ending with angular velocity 04 (coco), is the same as in the preceding version. A number 
of jump addresses have simply been adapted and account taken of the altered values of E2 and T3. 
This establishes the speed of continuous rotation 04 (wco) at which the tractor would rebound after 
impact on the protection structure (point C in the substitute cross-section in the plane of the centre of 
gravity) parallel to axis 2 = 3. 
Transformation of coordinates from 3 to 4 (for the axis of rotation through the upper edge of the rear wheel 
and the protection structure) 
The seven tractor points are considered in the x4 y4 z4 coordinate system. For this purpose, axis 3 is 
rotated through angle F3 which, in all cases, has a negative value since the direction of rotation is now 
reversed. 
tan F3 _ _v?_ 
ys.5 - y3,6 
The new coordinate origin x4 y4 z4 is located in the tyre upper edge. Displacement of origin 3 to 
origin 4 and rotation through F3 gives (figure 23): 
X4,k " X3,k COS F3 + (Y3,k ~ Y3,5) sin F3 
y4,k x3.k sjn p3 + (y3lk - y3,s) cos F3 
z4,k = z3,k 
The angular velocity component in the new direction about axis y4 is 
05 = 04 • cos F3 
In the new direction 4, the gradient arrgle becomes 
tan AO tan A4 = f~+ tan2 (F2 + F3) 
cos2 AO 
Overturning from position 4 to the next unstable equilibrium position (continuous roll-over position) 
Height of fall and final velocity: 
According to figure 24, the following equations for rotations about axis 4 are: 
Ml = /x2, + z2, 
Q5 = Q cos2 (F2 + F3) + 3 Q sin2 (F2 + F3) 
tan M2 = x4,/z41 (becomes negative!) 
If -M2<A4, it follows that: 
If angle | M2 | is less than gradient angle A4, the centre of gravity is already outside the vertical (figure 
24) after the impact of the tractor on the ground, and therefore already above the point of potential 
unstable equilibrium. The tractor will therefore continue to roll over in any case. If this does not apply, it 
must be established whether the kinetic energy in initial position 4 is sufficient to bring the centre of 
gravity above the maximum height. 
M3 = Ml [1 - cos (-A4 - M2)] 
M3 • M • G > UQ5 + M • Ml2) • Q52 
M4 
If the potential height of lift M3MG ist greater than the kinetic energy can produce, the tractor 
remains at rest on the slope. If the condition for 'remaining at rest' is not fulfilled, the speed of rotation 
in the position in which the tractor attains maximum height (unstable equilibrium) is: 
-I/^S 09=1/Q52-~ MGM3 
uy " ^ Q5 + M • Ml2 
The tractor will continue to roll over at this speed of rotation. 
No C 222/18 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Calculation for point of impact of the protection structure behind the point of equilibrium 
The geometrical content of the following equations, beginning with the conversion of the moment of 
inertia Q3 and ending with angular velocity 04 (coco), is the same as in the first version. A number of 
jump addresses have merely been adapted. 
Transformation of coordinates from 3 to 4 (for axis of rotation through front wheel and protection 
structure) 
For this purpose, all seven tractor points are considered in the new x4 y4 z4 coordinate system. Axis y3 is 
rotated through angle F3 to axis y4 (figure 25). 
. ci V0 
tan F3 = y3,4 - v3,6 
As a result, the new coordinate origin is displaced to the point on the front wheel which is the point of 
impact in positions 2 and 3. Displacement of the coordinate origin 3 to the new coordinate origin 4 and 
the rotation of the coordinate system through angle F3 yields the following equations: 
x4,k = x3,k COS F3 + (Y3,k ~ Y3.4) sin F3 
V4,k - - X3.k sin F3 + (y3,k - y3,4) COS F3 
Z4,k = Z3,k 
Because of the inclination of the new axis of rotation 4, angular velocity 04 (coco) after the impact of the 
bar becomes: 
OS = 04 cos F3 
The gradient angle changes to: 
tan AO tan A4 = 
tan2 (F2._+F3) 
cos2 AO 
Roll-over from position 4 to position 5 (impact of the engine bonnet) 
The tractor pivots about axis 4 from position 4 to position 5 in which the engine bonnet has struck the 
ground and penetrated by the value C4 or has undergone elastic deformation (figure 25). The angle of 
rotation from position 4 to position 5 is calculated from the position of the engine-bonnet edge (point 7) 
and the degree of penetration C4, which experience in many roll-over tests in the field has shown to be 
very slight because of the relatively large area of impact and which has therefore been assigned the value 
0 in the calculation. 
C3 = arc tan 
c6--r=£L= 
Reduction of the tractor to the plane of the centre of gravity gives the following value for the penetration 
C8 of the equivalent cross-section at the distance C7 (figures 25 and 26): 
C5 = |/x472 + z472 
J4,6 y4,7 
C8 = C6 • C7 
With this angle of rotation C3 + C6, all the important tractor points are rotated into the new position 5. 
For this purpose, angle C9 of each coordinate point 'k' to the positive z4 axis is first determined. By 
analogy with figure 18 for the rotations from 2 to 3, the relationship for the rotation from 4 to 5 is found 
to be: 
tan C9 = ^ 
z4,k 
If z4k = 0, the value to be assigned is C9= —90°. The new tractor coordinates in position 5 are as 
follows: 
X5,k = l/X4,k + Z4,k sin (C9 + C3 + C6) 
X5,k = y4,k 
Zs.k = V^x4,k + z4,k cos (C9 + C3 + C6) 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/19 
Height of fall and impact velocity 
According to figure 27, the tractor remains at rest if the kinetic energy is insufficient to bring the centre 
of gravity above the maximum height: 
tan M2 = x4 ,/z4 , 
If -M2 > A4, it follows that: 
M3 - Ml [1 - cos (-A4 - M2)] 
M3 • M • G > j (Q5 + M • Ml2) • Q52 
M4 
If the 'boundary energy' is greater than the rotational energy M4, the tractor remains in position 4. 
Here the following relationship apply: 
Ml - /*4J + Z4J 2 
U 
Q5 = Q • cos2 (F2 + F3) + 3 • Q • sin2 (F2 + F3) 
If the condition for 'remaining at rest' is not fulfilled, the height of fall M5 and the impact velocity 
06 ((0C1) are: 
M5 - Ml • cos (-M2 - A4) - Ml cos (-A4 - "n") 
tan rf 
06 = = x5,/z5,l 
/_2 M • G • M5 
y Q5 + M • Ml2 
Speed of rotation after impact on the engine bonnet 
If the coefficient of elasticity Nl is equated with the coefficient of elasticity U in the other impacts 
(Nl = U), the speed of continuous rotation 07 (<tim) after impact on the engine bonnet (point D in the 
reduced system) is: 
in which (see figure 26) 
M6 - ad - x5, 
M7 - bd - z5>l 
M8 = cd - z5il + C8 
M9 = dd - C7 - x5, 
Q5 + M • M7 • M8 - M • M92 • Nl - (Nl + 1) • M • M6 • M9 
Q5 + M • M82 + M • M92 
Transformation of coordinates from 5 to 6 (for axis of rotation through engine bonnet and protection 
structure) 
The seven tractor points are considered in the x6 y6 z6 coordinate system. For this purpose, axis 5 is 
rotated through angle F5, which in all cases has a negtive value since the direction of rotation is now 
reversed. 
tan F5 — 
ys,? - ySt6 
The new coordinate origin x6 y6 z6 is displaced to the corner of the bar (on the surface of the slope). 
Displacement of origin 5 to origin 6 and rotation through angle F5 yields the following equations 
(figure 28): 
x6,k - Hk cos F5 + (y5>k - y56) sin F5 
y6,k x5,k si" p5 + (y5,k - ys,*) cos p5 
z6,k = z5,k 
For 08 (cofoo)tne angular velocity component in the new direction is: 
08 - 07 • cos(-F5) 
The gradient angle in the new direction 6 becomes: 
tan A0 tan A6 = 
Y tan2 (F2 + F3 + F5) 
cos2 A0 
No C 222/20 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Overturning from position 6 to the next unstable equilibrium position (continuous roll-over position) 
Height of fall and final velocity: 
Figure 29 shows that the relationships for rotation about axis 6 are as follows: 
N3 = l/x62, + z62, 
Q6 - Q • cos2 (F2 + F3. + F5) + 3 • Q • sin2 (F2 + F3 + F5) 
The tractor remains at rest on the slope if the kinetic energy in initial position 6 is insufficient to bring 
the centre of gravity above the maximum height. 
tan N2 - x61/z6il 
If -N2 > A6, it follows that: 
N4 = N3 [1 - cos (-A6 - N2)] 
N4 • M • G > j (Q6 + M • N32) 082 
N5 
If the condition for 'remaining at rest' is not fulfilled, the resulting speed of rotation in the position in 
which the centre of gravity of the tractor reaches maximum height (unstable equilibrium) is: 09 (a>end), 
with: 
N6 = - N4 
O,. l/.2.M.-.°.-N6 •i Q6 + M • N32 
The tractor continues to roll over at this speed of rotation. If angle | — N2| is less than the gradient angle 
A6, the centre of gravity is outside the vertical in figure 29 after the protection structure has struck the 
ground, i. e. already above the point of potential unstable equilibrium. Consequently, the tractor will 
continue to roll over in all cases. Figure 30 shows the individual roll-over stages of a tractor with rear-
mounted protection structure rolling over on the engine bonnet. 
The computer program is set out in BASIC programming language in Appendix 4. This program prints 
out the speeds of rotation in the individual phases, first for the case of cylindrical roll-over and then — if 
continuous rolling does not occur — for the second possible mode of roll-over, together with the final 
result of the calculation. Appendix 4 also contains a flow chart. 
Appendix 3 
Figures relating to non-continuous roll-over 
.L6 
H6 = H 
/|^7 'L7.T-7T*{^V y /7//97TF///// 
Mass M 
Front tyres 
Rear tyres 
Moment of inertia Q • • kg 
.. V 
.. h 
.. kgm2 
Figure 1 
Data required for calculating the overturn of a tractor with triaxial rolling behaviour. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/21 
Figure 2 
Schematic representation of the roll-over behaviour of narrow-track tractors with protection bars 
mounted in the rear, central and forward positions respectively. The axes of rotation 1 to 4 that occur are 
indicated. On account of the coordinate systems that are needed later in the calculation, axes 2 and 3 are 
here identical, as are axes 4 and 5. Indices 2 and 4 designate the tractor positions before a rotation about 
the axes of rotation 2 and 4; indices 3 and 5 designate the positions after a rotation about the axes of 
rotation 2 and 4. 
No C 222/22 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Figure 3 
Diagram showing the protection structure height needed in order to avoid continuous roll-over as a 
function of the longitudinal attitude referred to the centre of gravity. Depending on the position of the 
protection structure, the tractor will be more likely to roll over forwards — cylindrically parallel to axis 
2 — or backwards after the impact of the bar. The straight lines represent the result of the calculation in 
accordance with one of the three characteristic modes of roll-over, and the actual transition from one 
roll-over mode to another is indicated by the dotted line. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/23 
Figures 4, 5 and 6 
Tilt and overturn attitudes and axes of rotation of a tractor which is rolling over triaxially. 
No C 222/24 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Figures 7, 8 and 9 
Overturn attitudes and axes of rotation of a tractor which is rolling over triaxially. On reaching the 
position of instability shown in figures 8 and 9, the tractor continues to roll over. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/25 
U Vertical 
Figure a Figure d 
Figure b 
C^~~^S 01((0eo)\ Figure e 
Vertical 
Figure c Figure f 
Figure 10 
Stages of overturn, axes of rotation and speeds of rotation of a tractor which is rolling over triaxially. 
No C 222/26 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Figure 11 
Measurements to determine the height of the centre of gravity in the tilted position. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/27 
Figure 12 
Drop height and measurements of an overturning tractor with a front swing axle, assuming that the tilt 
axis passes through the tyre centre. 
Figure 13 
Forces and velocities acting on the tractor during the impact of the rear wheel. 
No C 222/28 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Figure 14 
Characteristic points and measurements of the tractor when it is reduced to the plane of the centre of 
gravity for determination of the impulses and the continuous rolling velocities. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/29 
Figure 15 
Axes of rotation of the tractor after impact on the wheels, and a diagram for coordinate transfor­
mation. 
No C 222/30 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Figure 16 
Determination of the angle of inclination in the roll-over direction. 
1A? Position 3 Position 2 
Figure 17 
Tilting of the tractor from position 2 to position 3 with impact and penetration of the roll-over protec­
tion structure. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/31 
P(*2,k, Z2ik) 
P(x3,k. Z3,k) 
*2,3 
Figure 18 
Coordinate transformation from position 2 to position 3. 
Figure 19 
Diagram for determination of the energy levels during rotation from position 2 to position 3. 
Figure 20 
Attitude in the overturned position of a tractor with a roll-over protection structure at the point of 
equilibrium between front and rear. 
No C 222/32 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Figure 21 
Tractor data for determining the point of equilibrium for the roll-over protection structure so that a 
roll-over cannot occur on either the rear wheel or the front wheel. 
Figure 22 
Attitude of the tractor with roll-over protection structure at the point of equilibrium after it has struck 
the slope. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/33 
Axisl 
Figure 23 
Diagram of the tractor as it rolls over backwards about axis 4. 
Figure 24 
Diagram for determination of the energy levels in the continuous rolling position. 
No C 222/34 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
^ /Positions 
Position 4 
Axis 4 A •' si 
\/ / 
Figure 25 
Diagram of the tractor as it tilts from position 4 to position 5. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/35 
*m> 
Figure 26 
Measurements of the tractor in position 5 in order to calculate the impulse forces acting on the roll-over 
protection structure. The tractor is reduced to an equivalent cross-section through the centre of gravity 
perpendicular to the axis of rotation. 
Figure 27 
Diagram for determination of the energy levels during the tilt from position 4 to position 5. 
No C 222/36 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Figure 28 
Diagram of the tractor in position 6. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/37 
Figure 29 
Diagram for determination of the energy levels in the continuous rolling position. 
W' 
Figure 30 
Stages of the overturn of a tractor which is rolling over triaxially (plan and elevation) and the coordinate 
systems used in the calculation. 
No C 222/38 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
APPENDIX 4 
Flow diagram and computer program (BASIC) with example of calculation 
Flow diagram 
for determining the continuous roll-over behaviour of a laterally overturning tractor with a front-
centre- or rear-mounted roll-over protection structure (ROPS) 
Version Bl: Point of impact of ROPS behind longitudinally unstable equilibrium point 
Version B2: Point of impact of ROPS near longitudinally unstable equilibrium point 
Version B3: Point of impact of ROPS in front of longitudinally unstable equilibrium point 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes No 
No 
Calculation in accordance 
with version B1 Calculation in accordance 
with version B3 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/39 
Flow diagram (detailed) 
for the computer program for determining the continuous roll-over behaviour of a laterally overturning 
tractor with a front-, centre- or rear-mounted roll-over protection structure (ROPS) 
/ Data input / 
Tilting, impact of wheels. 
Continuous roll-over about upper 
wheel edges until impact of ROPS 
Yes the engine bonnet 
touch the ground 
'before the impact of 
tRe ROPS?' No 
No 
Centre-mounted ROPS and cylindrical 
roll-over. Continuous roll-over about 
axis 1 parallel to upper wheel edge 
Yes 
Rear-mounted ROPS, continuous 
roll-over about upper wheel edges 
until impact of ROPS Front-mounted ROPS. Continuous 
roll-over about upper wheel edges 
until impact of ROPS 
No 
No C 222/40 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
(cont'd) 
Yes 
Continuous roll-over about 
ROPS-front wheel until impact 
of engine bonnet Continuous roll-over about 
ROPS & rear wheel until 
unstable equilibrium is reached 
Yes 
Yes 
Continuous roll-over about 
TOPS and engine bonnet until 
.instable equilibrium is reached 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/41 
20 PRINT "* CALCULATION OF THE CONTINUOUS ROLL-OVER BEHAVIOUR OF A NARROW-TRACK *• 
30 PRINT •* TRACTOR WITH A PROTECTION BAR MOUNTED IN FRONT OF OR BEHIND THE *' 
40 PRINT '* DRIVER'S SEAT - PROGRAM OF 10.6.80/7.7.82 *• 
60 REM 
70 REM ELASTICITY FACTOR U*0»2r DEFORMATION T*0*2r ANGLE OF SLOPE A0»0.588» DIMENSIONS 
80 REM OF THE DATA IN <M)» (KGMT2) AND <RAD) THE SIGN DIGIT L6 IS NEGATIVE IF THE 
81 REM POINT LIES IN FRONT OF THE S PLANE 
90 REM 
100 PRINT • TRACTOR DATA 
110 READ Hl»L3rL2rD3rD2rH6»L6»B6»H7»B7rL7»H0»SrB0rD0>A0>M>a»U»T 
120 IF B6 S+BO THEN 2480 
130 GOTO 2590 
150 REM 
160 REM START OF THE CALCULATION 
170 0=9,80665 
190 REM •* VERSION B2 POINT OF IMPACT NEAR POINT OF EQUILIBRIUM *" 
210 B=B6 
220 H=H6 
230 REM CENTRE OF GRAVITY IN THE TILTED POSITION 
240 R2=SQR<H1+H1+L3+L3> 
250 C1=ATN<H1/L3> 
260 L0=L3+L2 
270 L9=ATN<H0/L0) 
280 H9=R2+SIN(C1-L9) 
290 W1=H9/TAN(C1-L9> 
300 W2=SQR<H0+H0+L0*L0> 
310 Sl=S/2 
320 F1=ATN(S1/W2> 
330 W3=(W2-W1)+SIN(F1) 
340 W4=ATN<H9/W3) 
350 W5=SQR(H9+H9+W3+W3)+SIN(W4+D0> 
360 W6=W3-SQR<W3*W3fH9*H9>+C0S<W4+D0> 
370 W7=W1+W6+SIN<F1> 
380 W8=ATN(W5/W7) 
390 W9=SIN(W8+L9)+SQR<W5+W5+W7+W7) 
400 WO=SGR < W9+W9+ < S1-W6+C0S < F1))T2) 
410 G1=SQR(((S+B0)/2>T2+H14«H1) 
420 G2=ATN(2+H1/(S+B0)> 
430 G3»W0-G1*C0S(A0+G2) 
440 00=SQR(2+M+G+G3/(Q+M+(W0+G1)*(W0+G1)/4)) 
450 F2=ATN( ( <D3-D2)/L0>/(1~< (D3-D2)/<2'fL3+2+L2) )T2) ) 
460 L8»TAN(F2>+(H-H1> 
470 REM COORDINATES IN POSITION 1 
480 XC1»13=H1 
490 XCl»23=XClr33=0 
500 XCl»43=(l+C0S(F2>>fD2/2 
1510 XClr53 = (l+C0S(F2))+D3/2 
520 XClr63=H 
530 XC1>73=H7 
540 YC1>13=0 
550 YClr2!NL2 
560 YC1»33=-L3 
570 YCl»43=L2+SIN(F2)*D2/2 
580 YCl»53=-L3+SIN(F2>+D3/2 
No C 222/42 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
590 YClr63=-L6 
600 YClr73=L7 
610 ZClrl3=(S+B0>/2 
620 ZCl»23=Zr.lf33=Zr.l»43=ZCl»53=0 
630 Ztl»63=(S+B0>/2-B/2 
640 ZClr73=<S+B0>/2-B7/2 
650 01=02=03=04=05=06«07=08=09»0 
660 Kl=YClr43+TAN<F2)+Xi:i,43 
670 K2=XClfl3 
680 K3=ZClrl3 
690 K4=Kl-XClrlD 
700 01 = (Q+M+K3+K3-U+M+K4+K4-< 1+U >+M+K2+K4)+00/< Q+M+K3+K3+M+K4+K4) 
710 REM COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION FROM 1 TO 2 
720 FOR K=l TO 7 STEP 1 
730 Xr^»K3=C0S(F2> + <Xi:irK3-Hl>+SIN<F2>+YClrK3-K4+C0S<F2> 
740 YC2»K3=YClrK3+C0S(F2)-<X[:irK3-Hl>*SIN<F2) 
750 ZC2»K3=ZLlrK3 
760 NEXT K 
770 02=01+C0S<F2) 
780 A2=ATN<TAN<A0>/SQR(1+<TAN<F2>)T2/<(COS(AO))T2))) 
790 C2=ATN(ZC2r63/XC2r63> 
800 T2=T 
810 V0=SQR<XC2r63T2+ZC2r63T2> 
820 E1=T2/V0 
830 E2=<V0+YC2r43>/<Yr.2»43-Yr.2f63> 
840 T3=E1+E2 
850 E4=SQR<XC2»13+XC2»13+ZC2»13*ZC2»13> 
860 V6=ATN<XC2rl3/Zr.2rl3> 
870 REM TRACTOR ROTATION FROM POSITION 2 TO POSITION 3 
880 FOR K=l TO 7 STEP 1 
890 IF ZC2rK3=0 THEN 920 
900 E3=ATN<XC2rK3/Zr.2rK3> 
910 GOTO 930 
920 E3=-3.14159/2 
930 XC3,K3=SQR<XC2rK3+Xr.2fK3+ZC2rK3*Z[:2>K3>+SIN<E3+C2+El) 
940 YC3»K3=YC2rK3 
950 ZC3»K3=SQR<XC2»K3T2+ZC2»K3T2)+C0S<E3+C2+E1) 
960 NEXT K 
970 IF ZC3>73<0 THEN 2460 
980 ZC3*63=0 
990 Q3=G+<C0S<F2)> 2+3+0+<SIN<F2>> 2 
1000 V5=<Q3+M+E4*E4>+02+02/2 
1010 IF -V6>A2 THEN 1030 
1020 GOTO 1050 
1030 V7=E4+<1~C0S<-A2~V6>> 
1040 IF V7+M+G>V5 THEN 1220 
1050 VB=E4+C0S(-A2-V6)-E4+C0S(-A2-ATN(XC3r13/ZC3r13)) 
1060 03=SGR(2+M+G+V8/(Q3+M+E4+E4)+02+02) 
1070 K9=XC3»13 
1080 K5=ZC3fl3 
1090 K6=ZC3rl3+El+V0 
1100 K7=V0»XC3»13 
1110 K8=U 
1120 04=(Q3+M+K5+K6-K8+M+K7+K7-(1+K8)+M+K9+K7)+ 03/(Q3+M+K6+K6+M+K7+K7) 
1130 N3=SQR<<Xr.3»63-XC3>13>T2+<Zr.3»63-ZC3»13T2> 
1140 N2=ATN(-(XC3f63-XC3fl3)/ZC3»13) 
1150 Q6=G3+M+N3T2 
1160 IF -N2 <= A2 THEN 1210 
1170 N4=N3+<1-C0S<-A2-N2>> 
1180 N5=<Q6)+04+04/2 
1190 IF N4+M+G>N5 THEN 1220 
1200 09=SQR(-2+M+G+N4/< Q6)+04+04) 
1210 GOSUB 2510 
1211 GOSUB 2513 
1212 GOTO 2660 
1220 GOSUB 2510 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/43 
1221 IF L6>L8 THEN 1610 
1230 REM 
1250 REM VERSION B3 (POINT OF IMPACT IN FRONT OF POINT OF EQUILIBRIUM) 
1264 03=04=05=06=07=08=09=0 
1265 E2=(V0+YC2f53)/(YC2r53-YC2*63) 
1266 T3=E2+E1 
1270 ZC3*63=0 
1280 Q3=Q+(C0S(F2>>T2+3+Q*(SIN(F2))T2 
1290 V5=(G3+M+E4+E4)+02*02/2 
1300 IF -V6>A2 THEN 1320 
1310 GOTO 1340 
1320 V7=E4+(1-C0S(--A2-V6)) 
1320 IF V7+M+G>V5 THEN 1600 
1340 V8=EA+C0S(-A2-V6)~E4+C0S(~A2-ATN(XC3»13/ZC3f13)) 
1350 03=SQR < 2+M+G+V8/(Q3+M+E4+E4)+02+02) 
1360 K9=XC3»13 
1370 K5=ZC3>13 
1380 K6=ZC3rl3+T3 
1390 K7=E2-XC3rl3 
1400 K8=U 
1410 04= < Q3+M+K5*K6~K8+M+K7+K7~<1+K8)+M+K9+K7)+03/(Q3+M+K6+K6+M+K7+K7) 
1420 F3=ATN(V0/(YC3r53-YC3r63)) 
1430 05=04+C0S(F3) 
1440 REM COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION FROM POSITION 3 TO POSITION 4 
1450 FOR K=l TO 7 STEP 1 
1460 XC4»K3=XC3fK3+C0S(F3)+(YC3»K3-YC3f53)*SIN<F3) 
1470 YC4»K3=<YC3rK3-YC3f53)+C0S(F3)--X(3»K3+SIN(F3) 
1480 ZC4fK3=ZC3rK3 
1490 NEXT K 
1500 A4=ATN(TAN(A0)/SQR(1+(TAN(F2+F3))T2/((COS(AO))T2))) 
1510 Ml=SQR(XC4fl3T2+ZC4>13T2) 
1520 M2=ATN(XC4rl3/ZC4rl3> 
1530 Q5=Q+(C0S(F2+F3>>T2+3+Q+(SIN(F2+F3))?2 
1540 IF -M2 A4 THEN 1590 
1550 M3=M1+(1-C0S(~A4-M2)) 
1560 M4=(Q5+M+M1+M1)+05+05/2 
1570 IF M3+M+G>M4 THEN 1600 
1580 09=SQR(05+05-2+M+G+M3/(Q5+M+Ml+Ml)) 
1590 GOSUB 2511 
1591 GOSUB 2513 
.1592 GOTO 2660 
1600 GOSUB 2511 
1601 GOSUB 2520 
1605 GOTO 2660 
1620 REM VERSION Bl (POINT OF IMPACT BEHIND POINT OF EQUILIBRIUM) 
1640 REM 
1645 03=04=05=06=07=08=09=0 
1650 ZC3r63=0 
1660 Q3=Q+(C0S(F2)>T2+3+Q+(SIN(F2))?2 
1670 V5=(Q3+M+E4+E4)+02+02/2 
1680 IF -V6>A2 THEN 1700 
1690 GOTO 1720 
1700 V7=E4+(1-C0S(-A2-V6>> 
1710 IF V7+M+G>V5 THEN 2440 
1720 V8=E4+C0S(-A2-V6)~E4+C0S(-A2--ATN(XC3>13/Zr.3,13)) 
1730 03=SQR(2+M+G+V8/(Q3+M+E4+E4)+02*02) 
1740 K9=XC3rl3 
1750 K5=ZC3>13 
1760 K6=ZC3»13+T3 
1770 K7=E2~XC3fl3 
1780 K8=U 
No C 222/44 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
1790 04-(Q3+M+K5+K6-K8+M+K7+K7-(1+K8)+M+K9+K7)+03/< Q3+M+K6+K6+M+K7+K7) 
1800 F3*ATN(V0/<YC3»43-Yr.3r63>> 
1810 05=04+C0S<F3> 
1820 REM COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION FROM 3 TO 4 
1830 FOR K=l TO 7 STEP 1 
1840 XC4rK3=XC3»K3+C0S<F3>+<YC3»K3-YC3r43>*SIN<F3> 
1850 Yr.4»K3 = <YC3»K3-Yr.3,43)+C0S<F3>-XC3»K3+SIN<F3> 
1860 zr.4riaszr.3ria 
1870 NEXT K 
1880 A4=ATN(TAN(A0)/SQR(1+(TAN<F2+F3))T2/<(COS(AO))T2))) 
1890 C3=ATN<ZC4r73/XC4*73> 
1900 C4=0 
1910 C5=SQR<XC4r73*XC4»73+ZC4r73+ZC4»73> 
1920 C6=C4/C5 
1930 C7=C5+<Yr.4r63-YC4»13)/<Yr.4»63-YC4»73> 
1940 C8=C6+C7 
1950 Ml=SQR<XC4rl3T2+ZC4»13T2) 
1960 M2»ATN(XC4rl3/ZC4rl3> 
1970 REM TRACTOR ROTATION FROM POSITION 4 TO POSITION 5 
1980 FOR K=l TO 7 STEP 1 
1990 IF ZC4rK3#0 THEN 2020 
2000 C9=-3*14159/2 
2010 GOTO 2030 
2020 C9=ATN(XC4rK3/Zr.4rK3> 
2030 XC5»K3=SQR(XC4fK3T2+ZC4rK3T2)+SIN(C9+C3+C6) 
2040 YC5»K3=Yr.4rK3 
2050 ZC5fK3=SQR(XC4rK3T2+ZC4»K3T2)*C0S<C9+C3+C6) 
2060 NEXT K 
2070 ZC5r73=0 
2080 05=Q+<C0S<F2+F3> >T2+3+Q+<SIN<F2+F3> >T2 
2090 IF -M2>A4 THEN 2110 
2100 GOTO 2140 
2110 M3=M1+<1-C0S<-A4-M2>> 
2120 M4=<Q5+M*M1+M1>+05+05/2 
2130 IF M3+M+OM4 THEN 2440 
2140 M5=Ml*C0S(-A4-ATN(XC4rl3/ZC4»13))-Ml*C0S(-A4-ATN(XC5»13/ZC5rl3)) 
2150 06»SQR < 2+M+G+M5/(Q5+M+M1+M1)+05+05) 
2160 M6=XC5»13 
2170 M7=ZC5rl3 
2180 M8=Zr.5»13+C8 
2190 M9»C7-XC5rl3 
2200 N1=U 
2210 07=(Q5+M+M7+M8-N1+M+M9+M9-(1+N1)+M+M6+M9)+06/(Q5+M+M8+M8+M+M9+M9) 
2220 F5=ATN(C5/(YC5r63-YC5»73)> 
2230 AG=ATN(TAN(A0>/SQR(1+<TAN<F2+F3+F5>)T2/(<COS(AO))T2))) 
2240 REM COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION FROM 5 TO 6 
2250 F0RK=1 TO 7 STEP 1 
2260 XC6»K3=XC5»K3*C0S(F5)+(YC5»K3-YC5r63+SIN(F5) 
2270 YC6»K3=(YC5»K3-YC5F63)*C0S<F5)-XC5fK3+SIN(F5) 
2280 ZC6»K3=ZC5»K3 
2290 NEXT K 
2300 08=07+C0S<-F5> 
2310 N2=ATN<XC6rl3/ZC6»13> 
2320 N3=SQR<XC6»13T2+ZC6»13T2> 
2330 Q6=Q+<C0S<F2+F3+F5>>?2+3+Q+<SIN<F2+F3+F5> >T2 
2340 IF -N2>A6 THEN 2360 
2350 GOTO 2400 
2360 N4=N3+<1-C0S<-A6-A2>> 
2370 N5*(Q6+M*N3+N3)+08*08/2 
2380 P9=<N4+M+G-N5)/<N4+M+G) 
2390 IF N4+M+ON5 THEN 2440 
2400 IF -N2>A6 THEN 2430 
2410 N6=-N4 
2420 09=SQR(2+M+G+N6/(Q6+M+N3+N3)+08+08) 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/45 
2430 GOSUB 2511 
2431 GOSUB 2513 
2435 GOTO 2660 
2440 GOSUB 2511 
2441 GOSUB 2520 
2445 GOTO 2660 
2450 REM 
2460 IF ZC3r73>-0.2 THEN 980 
2470 PRINT ENGINE BONNET STRIKES THE GROUND BEFORE THE ROPS 
2480 PRINT METHOD OF CALCULATION NOT USABLE 
2490 GOTO 2660 
2510 PRINT "GESCHW. 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09C1/S)' 
2511 WRITE (15,2585)00,01,02,03,04,05,06,07,08,09 
2512 RETURN 
2513 PRINT "TRACTOR CONTINUES TO ROLL-OVER 
2514 RETURN 
2520 PRINT "TRACTOR DOES NOT CONTINUE TO ROLL-OVER 
2521 RETURN 
2535 REM END OF CALCULATION 
2540 DIM XC6»73 
2550 DIM YC6r73 
2560 DIM ZC6r73 
2570 FORMAT 12F6.3 
2580 FORMAT 2F6.3,2F7.4,2F5.0,2F5.2 
2585 FORMAT 5X,10F6.3 
2590 REM DATA INPUT AND PRINTOUT 
2600 DATA 0.622*0.732,1.085,0.993,0.72,1.859,-0.187,0.663,1.148,0.495,1.38,0*501 
2601 DATA 0.723,0.27,0.1745,0.588,1500,175,0.2,0.2 
2610 PRINT • HI L3 L2 D3 D2 H6 L6 B6 H7 B7 L7 HO 
2620 WRITE <15f2570)H1,L3,L2,D3,D2,H6,L6,B6,H7,B7,L7,HO 
2630 PRINT • S BO DO AO M Q U T" 
2640 WRITE (15,2580>S,B0,DO»AO,M,Q,U,T 
2645 PRINT 
2650 GOTO 160 
2660 END 
EXAMPLE 
* CALCULATION OF THE CONTINUOUS ROLL-OVER BEHAVIOUR OF A NARROW-TRACK * 
* TRACTOR WITH A PROTECTION BAR MOUNTED IN FRONT OF OR BEHIND THE * 
* DRIVER'S SEAT - PROGRAM OF 10.6.80/7.7.82 * 
TRACTOR DATA 
HI L3 L2 D3 D2 H6 L6 B6 H7 B7 L7 HO 
0.622 0.732 1.085 0.993 0.720 1.859-0.187 0.663 1.148 0.495 1.380 0.501 
S BO DO AO M OUT 
0.723 0.270 0.1745 0.5880 1500 175 0.20 0.20 
SPEED 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09(1/S> 
4.295 1.489 1.472 2.158 0.473 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
4.295 1.489 1.472 2.158 0.473 0.272 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 
TRACTOR DOES NOT CONTINUE TO ROLL OVER 
No C 222/46 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
ANNEX III 
CONDITIONS FOR TESTING THE STRENGTH OF PROTECTION STRUCTURES AND OF 
THEIR ATTACHMENT TO TRACTORS 
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 
1.1. Test purposes 
Tests made using special rigs are intended to simulate such loads as are imposed on a protection 
structure, when the tractor overturns. These tests, described in Annex IV, enable observations to 
be made on the strength of the protection structure and any brackets attaching it to the tractor 
and any parts of the tractor which transmit the test load. 
1.2. Test methods 
Tests may be performed in accordance with the dynamic procedure (see Annexes III-A and IV-A) 
or the static procedure (see Annexes III-B and IV-B), the choice being left to the manufacturer. 
The two methods are equivalent. 
1.3. General rules governing preparation for tests 
1.3.1. The protection structure must conform to the series production specifications. It shall be attached 
in accordance with the manufacturer's recommended method to one of the tractors for which it is 
designed. 
A complete tractor is not required for the strength test; however, the protection structure and 
parts of the tractor to which it is attached shall represent an operating installation, hereinafter 
referred to as 'the assembly'. 
1.3.2. For both the prior test and the strength test the tractor must be fitted with all series production 
components which may affect the strength of the protection structure or which may be necessary 
for the strength test. 
Components which may create a hazard in the zone of clearance must also be fitted so that they 
may be examined to see whether the requirements of 4.1 and 4.2 of this Annex have been 
fulfilled. 
All components of the tractor or the protection structure including weather protection must be 
supplied or defined on drawings. 
1.3.3. For the strength tests, all windows, doors, panels and detachable components must be removed 
so that they may not contribute to the strengthening of the protection structure. 
1.3.4. Track width 
The track width shall be adjusted such that the protection structure will as far as possible not be 
supported by the tyres during the strength tests. If these tests are conducted in accordance with 
the static procedure, it will be possible to remove the wheels. 
1.4. Tractor reference mass 
The reference mass mt, used in the formulae (see Annex IV-A and IV-B) to calculate the height of 
the fall of the pendulum block, the loading energies and the crushing forces, shall be at least that 
defined in point 2.4 of Annex I to Council Directive 74/150/EEC (i.e., excluding optional acces­
sories but including coolant, oils, fuel, tools and driver) plus the protection structure and less 75 
kilograms. Not included are optional front or rear weights, tyre ballast, mounted implements, 
mounted equipment or any specialized components. 
2. TESTS 
2.1 Sequence of tests 
The sequence of tests shall, without prejudice to the additional tests mentioned in point 1.6 of 
Annexes IV-A and IV-B, be as follows: 
2.1.1. Impact (dynamic tests) or loading (static tests) at the rear of the structure (see point 1.1 of 
Annex IV-A and IV-B). 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/47 
2.1.2. Rear crushing test (dynamic or static tests) (see point 1.4 of Annex IV-A and IV-B). 
2.1.3. Impact (dynamic tests) or loading (static tests) at the front of the structure (see point 1.2 of 
Annex IV-A and IV-B). 
2.1.4. Impact (dynamic tests) or loading (static tests) at the side of the structure (see point 1.3 of 
Annex IV-A and IV-B). 
2.1.5. Crushing at the front of the structure (dynamic or static tests) (see point 1.5 of Annex IV-A and 
IV-B). 
2.2 General requirements 
2.2.1. If, during the test, any part of the restraining equipment breaks or moves, the test shall be 
restarted. 
2.2.2. No repairs or adjustments to the tractor or protection structure may be carried out during the 
tests. 
2.2.3. The tractor gear box shall be in neutral and the brakes off during the tests. 
2.2.4. If the tractor is fitted with a suspension system, between the tractor body and the wheels, it shall 
be blocked during the tests. 
2.2.5. The side chosen for application of the first impact on the rear of the structure (in the case of 
dynamic tests) or the first load on the rear of the structure (in the case of static tests) shall be that 
which, in the opinion of the testing authorities, will result in the application of the series of 
impacts or loads under the most unfavourable conditions for the structure. The side impact or 
load and the rear impact or load shall be applied on both sides of the longitudinal median plane 
of the protection structure. The front impact or load shall be applied on the same side of the 
longitudinal median plane of the protection structure as the side impact or load. 
2.3. Measurement tolerances 
2.3.1. Linear dimensions: ± 3 mm 
except for: — tyres deflection: ± 1 mm, 
— structure deflection during horizontal loadings: ± 1 mm, 
— each of the two measurements for the height of fall of the pendulum 
block: ± 1 mm. 
2.3.2. Masses: ± 1% 
2.3.3. Forces: ± 2% 
2.3.4. Angles: ± 2% 
3. ACCEPTANCE CONDITIONS 
3.1. A protection structure submitted for EEC component type-approval shall be regarded as having 
satisfied the strength requirements if it fulfils the following conditions: 
3.1.1. After each of the part-tests making up the dynamic or static tests, it shall be free from cracks or 
tears as described in point 3.1 of Annexes IV-A and IV-B. 
If, during the tests, unacceptable cracks or tears appear, an additional impact or crushing, as 
defined in point 1.6 of Annexes IV-A and IV-B, can be applied immediately after the impact or 
crushing which caused the cracks or tears to appear. 
3.1.2. No part of the protection structure shall enter the zone of clearance as defined in point 1.6 of 
Annexes IV-A and IV-B during the tests. 
3.1.3. No part of the zone of clearance shall be outside the protection of the structure, in accordance 
with point 3.2 of Annexes IV-A and IV-B, during the tests. 
3.1.4. The elastic deflection, measured in accordance with point 3.3 of Annex IV-A and IV-B, shall be 
less than 250 mm. 
No C 222/48 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
3.2. There shall be no accessories presenting a hazard for the driver. There shall be no projecting part 
or accessory which is liable to injure the driver should the tractor overturn, or any part or acces­
sory which is liable to trap him — for example, by the leg or the foot — as a result of the 
deflections of the structure. 
4. TEST REPORT 
4.1. The test report shall be attached to the EEC component type-approval certificate referred to in 
Annex VIII. 
The presentation of the report shall be as shown in Annex VI. The report shall include: 
4.1.1. a general description of the protection structure's shape and construction including materials and 
fastenings (normally at least a scale of 1: 20 for the general drawings and 1 : 2,5 for drawing of 
the attachments. The main dimensions must figure on the drawings); external dimensions of 
tractor with protection fitted; main interior dimensions and details of provisions for normal entry 
and exit and for escape where appropriate; and details of heating and ventilation system, where 
appropriate; 
4.1.2. details of any special features such as devices to prevent the continuous rolling of the tractor; 
4.1.3. a brief description of any interior padding; 
4.1.4. a statement indicating the type of windscreen and glazing fitted. 
4.2. The report must identify clearly the tractor type (make, type, trade name, etc.) used for testing 
and the types for which the protection structure is intended. 
4.3. If EEC component type-approval is being extended to other tractor types, the report must include 
the exact reference of the report of the original EEC component type-approval as well as precise 
indications regarding the requirements laid down in point 3.4 of Annex I. 
ANNEX III-A 
Apparatus and Equipment 
for dynamic tests 
1. PENDULUM BLOCK 
1.1. A pendulum block shall be suspended by two chains or wire ropes from pivot points not less than 
6 m above the ground. Means shall be provided for adjusting independently the suspended height 
of the block and the angle between the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes. 
1.2. The mass shall be 2 000 ± 20 kilograms excluding the mass of the chains or wire ropes which 
themselves shall not exceed 100 kilograms. The length of the sides of the impact shall be 680 ± 20 
mm (see figure 4 of Annex V). The block shall be filled in such a way that the position of its 
centre of gravity is constant and coincides with the geometrical centre of the parallelepiped. 
1.3. The parallelepiped shall be connected to the system which pulls it backwards by an instantaneous 
release mechanism which is so designed and located as to enable the pendulum block to be 
released without causing the parallelepiped to oscillate about its horizontal axis perpendicular to 
the pendulum's plane of oscillation. 
2. PENDULUM SUPPORTS 
The pendulum pivot points shall be rigidly fixed so that their displacement in any direction does 
not exceed 1 % of the height of fall. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/49 
3. LASHINGS 
3.1. Anchoring rails with the requisite track width and covering the necessary area for lashing the 
tractor in all the cases illustrated (see figures 5, 6 and 7 of Annex V) shall be rigidly attached to a 
non-yielding base beneath the pendulum. 
3.2. The tractor shall be lashed to the rails by means of wire rope with round strand, fibre core, 
construction 6 x 19 in accordance with ISO 2408 and a nominal diameter of 13 mm. The metal 
strands shall have an ultimate tensile strength of 1 770 MPa. 
3.3. The central pivot of an articulated tractor shall be supported and lashed down as appropriate for 
all tests. For the side impact test, the pivot shall also be propped from the side opposite the 
impact. The front and rear wheels need not be in line if this facilitates the attachment of the wire 
ropes in the appropriate manner. 
4. WHEEL PROP AND BEAM 
4.1. A softwood beam of 150 mm square shall be used as a prop for the wheels during the impact tests 
(see figures 5, 6 and 7 of Annex V). 
4.2. A softwood beam shall be clamped to the floor to brace the rim of the wheel opposite the side 
impact as shown in figure 7 of Annex V. 
5. PROPS AND LASHINGS FOR ARTICULATED TRACTORS 
5.1. Additional props and lashings shall be used for articulated tractors. Their purpose is to ensure 
that the section of the tractor on which the protection structure is fitted is as rigid as that of a rigid 
tractor. 
5.2. Additional specific details are given in Annex IV-A for the impact and crushing tests. 
6. TYRE PRESSURES AND DEFLECTIONS 
6.1. The tractor tyres shall not be liquid ballasted and shall be inflated to the pressures prescribed by 
the tractor manufacturer for field work. 
6.2. The lashings shall be tensioned in each particular case that the tyres undergo a deflection equal to 
12% of the tyre wall height before tensioning. 
7. CRUSHING RIG 
A rig as shown in figure 8 of Annex V shall be capable of exerting a downward force on a protec­
tion structure through a rigid beam approximately 250 mm wide connected to the load-applying 
mechanism by means of universal joints. Suitable axle stands shall be provided so that the tractor 
tyres do not bear crushing force. 
8. MEASURING APPARATUS 
8.1. A device such as that illustrated in Annex V, figure 9, for measuring the elastic deflection (the 
difference between the maximum momentary deflection and the permanent residual deflection). 
8.2. A device for checking that the protection structure has not entered the zone of clearance and that 
the latter has remained within the structure's protection during the test (see point 3.2.2 of 
Annex IV). 
No C 222/50 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
ANNEX III-B 
Apparatus and Equipment 
for static tests 
1. STATIC TESTING RIG 
1.1. The static testing rig shall be designed in such a way as to permit thrusts or 'loads' to be applied 
to the protection structure. 
1.2. Provision must be made so that the load can be uniformly distributed normal to the direction of 
loading and along a flange having a lenght of one of the exact multiples of 50 between 250 and 
700 mm. The stiff flange shall have a vertical face dimension of 150 mm. The edges of the flange 
in contact with the protection structure shall be curved with a maximum radius of 50 mm. 
1.3. The pad shall be capable of being adjusted to any angle in relation to the load direction, in order 
to be able to follow the angular variations of the structure's load bearing surface as the structure 
deflects. 
1.4. Direction of loading (deviation from horizontal): 
— at start of test, under zero load: ±2°, 
— during test, under load: 10° above and 20° below the horizontal. These variations should be 
kept to a minimum. 
1.5. The deflection rate shall be slow (less than 5 mm/s) so that the load may at all moments be 
considered as 'static'. 
2. APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE ENERGY ABSORBED BY THE STRUCTURE 
2.1. The 'force versus deflection' curve shall be plotted in order to determine the energy absorbed by 
the structure. There is no need to measure the force and deflection at the point where the load is 
applied to the structure; however, 'force' and 'deflection' shall be measured simultaneously and 
collinearly. 
2.2. The point of origin of deflection measurements shall be selected so as to take account only of the 
energy absorbed by the structure and/or by the deflection of certain parts of the tractor. The 
energy absorbed by the deflection and/or the slipping of the anchoring shall be ignored. 
3. MEANS OF ANCHORING THE TRACTOR TO THE GROUND 
3.1. Anchoring rails with the requisite track width and covering the necessary area for anchoring the 
tractor in all the cases illustrated shall be rigidly attached to a non-yielding base near the testing 
rig-
3.2. The tractor shall be anchored to the rails by any suitable means (plates, wedges, wire ropes, jacks, 
etc.) so that it cannot move during the tests. This requirement shall be checked while the loads are 
being applied, by means of the usual devices for measuring length. 
If the tractor moves, the entire test shall be repeated, unless the system for measuring the deflec­
tions taken into account for plotting the 'force versus deflection' curve is connected to the 
tractor. 
4. CRUSHING RIG 
A rig as shown in figure 8 of Annex V shall be capable of exerting a downward force on a protec­
tion structure through a rigid beam approximately 250 mm wide connected to the load-applying 
mechanism by means of universal joints. Suitable axle stands shall be provided so that the tractor 
tyres do not bear crushing force. 
5. OTHER MEASURING APPARATUS 
5.1. A device such as that illustrated in figure 9 of Annex V, for measuring the elastic deflection (the 
difference between the maximum momentary deflection and the permanent residual deflection). 
5.2. A device for checking that the protection structure has not entered the zone of clearance and that 
the latter has remained within the structure's protection during the test (see point 3.2.2 of 
Annex IV). 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/51 
Annex III-C 
Symbols 
m( (kg) = tractor reference mass, as defined in point 1.4 of this Annex. 
D(mm) = deflection of the structure at the point of impact (dynamic tests) or at the point 
of, and in line with the load application (static tests). 
H(mm) = falling height of the pendulum block. 
H'(mm) = falling height of the pendulum block for additional tests. 
F (N) (Newton) = static load force. 
Fmax = maximum static load force occurring during loading, (N) with the exception of 
the overload. 
F' (N) = loading force corresponding to E'j. 
F-D — force/deflection diagram. 
Eis(J) (Joule) — energy input to be absorbed during side loading. 
En (J) = energy input to be absorbed during longitudinal loading. 
Fv (N) = vertical crushing force. 
Ej (J) = strain energy absorbed. Area under F-D curve (see figure 10a of Annex V). 
E'j (J) = strain energy absorbed after additional loading following a crack or tear (see 
figures 10b and 10c of Annex V). 
Ea (J) = strain energy absorbed at point when load is removed. Area contained within 
F-D curve (see figure 10b of Annex V). 
E"; (J) = strain energy absorbed in overload test in the event of the load having been 
removed before starting this overload test. Area under F-D curve (see figure 10c 
of Annex V). 
No C 222/52 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
ANNEX IV 
TEST PROCEDURE 
IV-A — (Dynamic tests) 
1. IMPACT AND CRUSHING TESTS 
1.1. Impact of the rear 
1.1.1. The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that the block will strike the 
protection structure when the impact face of the weight and the supporting chains or wire ropes 
are vertical unless the protection structure at the point of contact has, during deflection, an 
angle of less than 20° to the vertical. Otherwise the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by 
means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protection structure at the point of 
impact at the moment of maximum deflection. 
The suspended height of the block shall be adjusted and necessary steps taken so as to prevent 
the block from turning about the point of impact. 
The point of impact shall be that part of the protection structure likely to hit the ground first in a 
rearward overturning accident, normally the upper edge. The position of the centre of gravity of 
the block shall be one-sixth of the width of the top of the protection structure inwards from a 
vertical plane parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the outside extremity of the 
top of the protection structure. 
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the impact to be applied 
thereon will have to be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure. 
1.1.2. The tractor shall be lashed to the ground by means of four wire ropes, one at each end of both 
axles, arranged as indicated in figure 5 of Annex V. The spacing between the front and rear lash­
ing points shall be such that the wire ropes make an angle of less than 30° with the ground. The 
rear lashings shall in addition be so arranged that the point of convergence of the two wire ropes 
is located in the vertical plane in which the centre of gravity of the block travels. 
The wire ropes must be tensioned so that the tyres undergo the deflections given in point 6.2 of 
Annex III-A. 
With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed in front of and tight against the 
rear wheels and then fixed to the ground. 
1.1.3. If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall in addition be supported by 
a wooden block at least 100 mm square and firmly lashed to the ground. 
1.1.4. The pendulum block shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at 
the point of impact is given by one of the following two formulae, to be chosen according to the 
reference mass of the assembly subjected to the tests: 
H = 25 + 0,07 mt for assemblies with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kilograms, 
H = 125 + 0,02 mt for assemblies with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kilograms. 
The block is then released and strikes the protection structure. 
1.2. Impact at the front 
1.2.1. The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that the block will strike the 
protection structure when the impact face of the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes 
are vertical unless the protection structure at the point of contact has, during deflection, an 
angle of less than 20° to the vertical. Otherwise, the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by 
means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protection structure at the point of 
impact at the moment of maximum deflection. 
The suspended height of the pendulum block shall be adjusted and the necessary steps taken so 
as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact. 
The point of impact shall be that part of the protection structure likely to hit the ground first if 
the tractor overturned sideways while travelling forward, normally the upper edge. The position 
of the centre of gravity of the weight shall be one-sixth of the width of the top of the protection 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/53 
structure inwards from a vertical plane parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the 
outside extremity of the top of the protection structure. 
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the impact to be applied 
thereon will have to be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure. 
1.2.2. The tractor shall be lashed to the ground by means of four wire ropes, one at each end of both 
axles, arranged as indicated in figure 6 of Annex V. The spacing between the front and rear lash­
ing points shall be such that the wire ropes make an angle of less than 30° with the ground. The 
rear lashings shall in addition be so arranged that the point of convergence of the two wire ropes 
is located in the vertical plane in which the centre of gravity of the pendulum blocks travels. 
The wire ropes must be tensioned so that the tyres undergo the deflections given in point 6.2 of 
Annex III-A. 
With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed in front of and tight against the 
rear wheels and then fixed to the ground. 
1.2.3. If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall in addition be supported by 
a wooden block at least 100 mm square and firmly lashed to the ground. 
1.2.4. The pendulum block shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at 
the point of impact is given by one of the following two formulae, to be chosen according to the 
reference mass of the assembly subjected to the tests: 
H = 25 + 0,07 mt for assemblies with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kilograms, 
H = 125 + 0,02 mt for assemblies with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kilograms. 
The pendulum block is then released and strikes the protection structure. 
1.3. Impact from the side 
1.3.1. The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the weight that the pendulum block will strike the 
protection structure when the impact face of the weight and the supporting chains or wire ropes 
are vertical unless the protection structure at the point of contact has, during reflection, an angle 
of less than 20° to the vertical. Otherwise, the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by 
means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protection structure at the point of 
impact at the moment of maximum deflection. 
The suspended height of the pendulum block shall be adjusted and necessary steps taken so as to 
prevent the block from turning about the point of impact. 
The point of impact shall be that part of the protection structure likely to hit the ground first in a 
sideways overturning accident, normally the upper edge. Unless it is certain that another part of 
this edge would hit the ground first, the point of impact shall be in the plane at right angles to 
the median plane of the tractor. 
1.3.2. The tractor wheels on the side which is to receive the impact shall be lashed to the ground by 
means of wire ropes passing over the corresponding ends of the front and rear axles. The wire 
ropes shall be tensioned to produce the tyre deflection values given in point 6.2 of Annex III-A 
on the side which is to receive the impact. 
With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed on the ground, pushed tight 
against the tyres on the side opposite that which is to receive the impact and then fixed to the 
ground. It may be necessary to use two beams or wedges if the outer sides of the front and rear 
tyres are not in the same vertical plane. 
The prop shall then be placed as indicated in figure 7 of Annex V, against the rim of the wheel 
opposite to the impact, pushed firmly against the rim and then fixed at its base. 
The length of the prop shall be such that it makes an angle of 30 ±3° with the ground when in 
position against the rim. In addition, its length must, if possible, be between 20 and 25 times 
greater than its thickness and its width between two and three times greater than its thickness. 
The props shall be shaped at both ends as shown in the details on figure 7 of Annex V. 
1.3.3. If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall in addition be supported by 
a wooden block at least 100 mm square and laterally supported by a device similar to the prop 
pushed against the rear wheel. The point of articulation shall then be lashed firmly to the 
ground. 
1.3.4. The weight shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at the point 
of impact is given by one of the following two formulae, to be chosen according to the reference 
mass of the assembly subjected to the tests: 
No C 222/54 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Bb + B 
H = (25 + 0,20 mt) • ——— for assemblies with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kilograms, 
Bb + B 
H = (125 + 0,15 mt) • ———for assemblies with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kilograms, 
where Bb is the maximum outer width of the protection structure, and B is the minimum overall 
width of the tractor. 
1.4. Crushing at the rear . 
The beam shall be positioned over the rear uppermost structural member(s) and the resultant of 
crushing forces shall be located in the tractor's median plane. 
A force Fv = 20 mt shall be applied. 
Where the rear part of the protection structure roof will not sustain the full crushing force, the 
force shall be applied until the roof is deflected to coincide with the plane joining the upper part 
of the protection structure with that part of the rear of the tractor capable of supporting the 
vehicle's mass when overturned. The force shall then be removed, and the tractor or loading 
force repositioned so that the beam is over that point of the protection structure which would 
then support the tractor when completely overturned. 
The force Fv shall then be applied. The force shall be applied for a minimum of five seconds 
following the cessation of any visually detectable deflection. 
1.5. Crushing at the front 
The beam shall be positioned across the front uppermost structural member(s) and the resultant 
of crushing forces shall be located in the tractor's median plane. 
A force Fv = 20 mt shall be applied. 
Where the front part of the protection structure roof will not sustain the full crushing force, the 
force shall be applied until the roof is deflected to coincide with the plane joining the upper part 
of the protection structure with that part of the front of the tractor capable of supporting the 
vehicle's mass when overturned. 
The force Fv shall then be applied. The force shall be applied for a minimum of five seconds 
following the cessation of any visually detectable deflection. 
1.6. Additional test 
1.6.1. If cracks or tears which cannot be considered negligible appear during an impact test, a second 
similar impact, but from a height of fall equal to: 
H_ 12 + 4a 
10 1 + 2a 
shall be applied immediately after the impact which caused these cracks or tears to appear, 'a' 
being the ratio between the permanent deflection and the elastic deflection ('a' = D /De), 
measured at the point of impact. 
The permanent deflection added by the second impact shall not exceed 30% of the permanent 
deflection caused by the initial test. 
For the additional test to be performed, the elastic deflection must be measured during all the 
impact tests. 
1.6.2. If cracks or tears which cannot be considered negligible appear during a crushing test, a second 
similar crushing test, but with a force of 1,2 Fv, shall be applied immediately after the crushing 
load, which caused the cracks of tears to appear. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/55 
2. ZONE OF CLEARANCE 
2.1. The zone of clearance is shown in Annex V, figures 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 2e. 
The zone of clearance is defined on the basis of: 
2.1.1. a vertical reference plane, generally longitudinal to the tractor and passing through the seat 
reference point and the centre of the steering wheel; this plane must be able to move horizon­
tally with the seat and steering wheel during impacts but to remain perpendicular to the floor of 
the tractor or of the protection structure if this is resiliently mounted; 
2.1.2. a reference line contained in the reference plane, which passes through the seat reference point 
and the first point on the steering wheel rim that it intersects when brought to the horizontal. 
2.2. The zone of clearance is bounded by the following planes, the tractor being on a horizontal 
surface and, where the steering wheel is adjustable, its position adjusted for normal seated 
driving: 
2.2.1. two vertical planes 250 mm on either side of the reference plane, these vertical planes extending 
300 mm upwards from the horizontal plane passing through the seat reference point and longi­
tudinally at least 550 mm in front of the vertical plane perpendicular to the reference plane 
passing 350 mm in front of the seat reference point; 
2.2.2. two vertical planes 200 mm on either side of the reference plane, these vertical planes extending 
300 mm upwards from the horizontal plane passing through the seat reference point and longi­
tudinally from the surface defined in 2.2.11 to the vertical plane perpendicular to the reference 
plane passing 350 mm in front of the seat reference point; 
2.2.3. an oblique plane perpendicular to the reference plane, parallel with and 400 mm above the 
reference line, extending backwards to the point where it intersects the vertical plane which is 
perpendicular to the reference plane and which passes through the seat reference point; 
2.2.4. an oblique plane, perpendicular to the reference plane and resting on the top of the seat 
backrest, which meets the previous plane at its rearmost edge; 
2.2.5. a vertical plane perpendicular to the reference plane, passing at least 40 mm forward of the 
steering wheel and at least 900 mm forward of the seat reference point; 
2.2.6. a curvilinear surface with its axis perpendicular to the reference plane, having a radius of 
150 mm and meeting the planes defined in points 2.2.3 and 2.2.5 at a tangent; 
2.2.7. two parallel oblique planes passing through the upper edges of the planes defined in 2.2.1, with 
the oblique plane on the side where the impact is applied no closer than 100 mm to the reference 
plane above the zone of clearance; 
2.2.8. a horizontal plane passing through the seat reference point; 
2.2.9. two portions of the vertical plane perpendicular to the reference plane passing 350 mm forward 
of the seat reference point, both these part planes joining respectively the rearmost limits of the 
planes defined in point 2.2.1 to the frontmost limits of the planes defined in point 2.2.2; 
2.2.10. two portions of the horizontal plane passing 300 mm above the seat reference point, both these 
part planes joining respectively the uppermost limits of the vertical planes defined in point 2.2.2 
to the lowermost limits of the oblique planes defined in point 2.2.7; 
2.2.11. a curvilinear surface whose generating line is perpendicular to the reference plane and rests on 
the back of the seat backrest. 
2.3. Seat location and seat reference point 
2.3.1. Seat reference point 
2.3.1.1. The reference point shall be established by means of the apparatus illustrated in figures 3a and 
3b of Annex V. The apparatus shall consist of a seat pan board and backrest boards. The lower 
backrest board shall be jointed in the region of the ischium humps (A) and loin (B), the joint (B) 
being adjustable in height. 
2.3.1.2. The reference point is defined as the point in the median longitudinal plane of the seat where the 
tangential plane of the lower backrest and a horizontal plane intersect. This horizontal plane 
cuts the lower surface of the seat pan board 150 mm in front of the abovementioned tangent. 
No C 222/56 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
2.3.1.3. The apparatus shall be positioned on the seat. It shall then be loaded with a force of 550 N at a 
point 50 mm in front of joint (A), and the two parts of the backrest board shall be lightly pressed 
tangentially against the backrest. 
2.3.1.4. If it is not possible to determine definite tangents to each area of the backrest (above and below 
the lumbar region) the following steps should be taken: 
— where no definite tangent to the lower area is possible: the lower part of the backrest board is 
pressed against the backrest vertically, 
— where no definite tangent to the upper area is possible: the joint (B) is fixed at a height of 
230 mm above the lower surface of the seat pan board, the backrest board being perpendi­
cular to the seat pan board. Then the two parts of the backrest board are lightly pressed 
against the backrest tangentially. 
2.3.2. Seat position and adjustment for determining the location of the seat reference point. 
2.3.2.1. Where the seat position is adjustable, the seat must be adjusted to its rear uppermost position. 
2.3.2.2. Where the inclination of the backrest and seat pan is adjustable, these must be adjusted so that 
the reference point is in its rear uppermost position. 
2.3.2.3. Where the seat is equipped with suspension, the latter must be blocked at mid-travel, unless this 
is contrary to the instructions clearly laid down by the seat manufacturer. If such instructions 
exist, they shall be complied with. 
3. MEASUREMENTS TO BE MADE 
3.1. Fractures and cracks 
After each test all structural members, joints and fastening systems shall be visually examined 
for fractures or cracks, any small cracks in unimportant parts being ignored. 
Any tears caused by the edges of the pendulum weight shall be ignored. 
3.2. Zone of clearance 
3.2.1. During each test the protection structure shall be examined to see whether any part of the 
protection structure has entered a zone of clearance round the driving seat as defined in 2 of this 
Annex. 
3.2.2. In addition, the protection structure shall be examined to determine whether any part of the 
zone of clearance is outside the protection of the roll-over protection structure. For this purpose 
it shall be considered to be outside the protection of the roll-over protection structure if any part 
of it would have come in contact with the ground plane if the tractor had overturned in the 
direction from which the impact came. For this purpose the front and rear tyres and track setting 
shall be assumed to be the smallest specified by the manufacturer. 
3.3. Elastic deflection 
The elastic deflection shall be measured 900 mm above the reference point, in the vertical plane 
passing through the point of impact. For this measurement, apparatus similar to that illustrated 
in figure 9 of Annex V shall be used. 
3.4. Permanent deflection 
After the final crushing test the permanent deflection of the protection structure shall be 
recorded. For this purpose, before the start of the test, the position of the main roll-over protec­
tion structure members in relation to the seat reference point shall be recorded. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/57 
TEST PROCEDURE 
1V-B — (Static tests) 
1. LOADING AND CRUSHING TESTS 
1.1. Loading at the rear 
1.1.1. The load shall be applied horizontally, in a vertical plane parallel to the tractor's median 
plane. 
The load application point shall be that part of the roll-over protection structure likely to hit the 
ground first in a rearward overturning accident, normally the upper edge. The vertical plane in 
which the load is applied shall be located at a distance of one-third of the external width of the 
upper part of the structure from the median plane. 
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the load to be applied 
thereon will have to be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure. 
1.1.2. The assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in 3 of Annex III-B. 
1.1.3. The energy absorbed by the protection structure during the test shall be at least: 
Eu = 500 + 0,5 mt 
1.2. Loading at the front 
1.2.1. The load shall be applied horizontally, in a vertical plane parallel to the tractor's median plane 
and located at a distance of one-third of the external width of the upper part of the structure 
therefrom. 
The load application point shall be that part of the roll-over protection structure likely to hit the 
ground first if the tractor overturned sideways while travelling forward, normally the upper 
edge. 
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the load to be applied 
thereon will have to be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure. 
1.2.2. The assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in point 3 of Annex III-B. 
1.2.3. The energy absorbed by the protection structure during the test shall be at least: 
En = 500 + 0,5 mt 
1.3. Loading from the side 
1.3.1. The side loading shall be applied horizontally, in a vertical plane perpendicular to the tractor's 
median plane. 
The load application point shall be that part of the roll-over protection structure likely to hit the 
ground first in a sideways overturning accident, normally the upper edge. 
1.3.2. The assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in point 3 of Annex III-B. 
gy absorbed b; 
Eis = 1,75 mt 1.3.3. The energy absorbed by the protection structure during the test shall be at least: 
Bb+B 
2B 
where Bb is the maximum external width of the protection structure and B is the minimum 
overall width of the tractor. 
1.4. Crushing at the rear 
All provisions identical to those given in point 1.4 of Annex IV-A. 
1.5. Crushing at the front 
All provisions identical to those given in point 1.5 of Annex IV-A. 
No C 222/58 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
1.6. Overload test (additional test) 
1.6.1. Where tearing, cracking or bending occurs during a horizontal loading test, an overload test 
may be required to determine the residual strength of the structure and to ensure that it is suffi­
cient to withstand any successive roll-overs (see figures 10a, 10b and 10c). 
An overload test shall be carried out in all cases where the force decreases by more than 3% 
during the last 5 % of the deflection reached when the energy required is absorbed by the struc­
ture (see figure 10 b). 
1.6.2. The overload test involves the gradual increase of the horizontal load by increments of 5 % of the 
initial energy requirement up to a maximum of 20% of energy added (see figure 10 c). 
1.6.2.1. The overload test is satisfactory if, after each increase by 5, 10, or 15"% in the energy required, 
the force decreases by less than 3% for a 5% increment and remains more than 0,8 Fmax. 
1.6.2.2. The overload test is satisfactory if, after the structure has absorbed 20% of the added energy, the 
force exceeds 0,8 Fmax. 
1.6.2.3. Additional cracks or tears and/or entry into or lack of protection of the zone of clearance due to 
elastic deflection are permitted during the overload test. However, after the removal of the load, 
the structure shall not enter the zone of clearance, which shall be completely protected. 
1.7. Crushing test 
If cracks or tears which cannot be considered as negligible appear during a crushing test, a 
second, similar crushing, but with a force of 1,2 Fv, shall be applied immediately after the 
crushing which caused the cracks or tears to appear. 
2. ZONE OF CLEARANCE 
Identical to the zone of clearance described in point 2 of Annex IV-A above, except that the 
word 'impact' is to be replaced by 'load' in the third line of point 2.2.7. 
3. MEASUREMENTS TO BE MADE 
3.1. Fractures and cracks 
After each test all structural members, joints and attachment systems shall be visually examined 
for fractures or cracks, any small cracks in unimportant parts being ignored. 
3.2. Zone of clearance 
3.2.1. During each test the protection structure shall be examined to see whether any part of the 
protection structure has entered a zone of clearance as defined in point 2 above. 
3.2.2. In addition, the protection structure shall be examined to determine whether any part of the 
zone of clearance is outside the protection of the protection structure. For this purpose it shall be 
considered to be outside the protection of the protection structure if any part of it would have 
come in contact with flat ground if the tractor had overturned in the direction from which the 
impact came. For this purpose the front and rear tyre and track setting shall be assumed to be 
the smallest specified by the manufacturer. 
3.3. Elastic deflection (under side loading) 
The eleastic deflection shall be measured 900 mm above the seat reference point, in the vertical 
plane in which the load is applied. For this measurement, any apparatus similar to that illus­
trated in Annex V, figure 9 may be used. 
3.4. Permanent deflections 
After the final crushing test the permanent deflection of the protection structure shall be 
recorded. For this purpose, before the start of the test, the position of the main roll-over protec­
tion structure members in relation to the seat reference point shall be recorded. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/59 
ANNEX V 
• •••;•/ , ..'.'•.' 
w.\, -.Aw-i.**- < ,/ 
Figure 1 
Rig for testing anti-roll properties on '/i,s gradient. 
Figure 2a 
Zone of clearance — Cross-section through the reference plane. 
No C 222/60 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
• 500-
u \f 
350 400 
Figure 2b 
Zone of clearance — Side view. Figure 2c 
Zone of clearance — Rear view. 
Figure 2d 
Zone of clearance seen from above. Figure 2e 
Lower part of the zone of clearance V4 rear view. 
2.9.85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/61 
Hinge 
Upper backrest 
board 
Lower backrest 
board 
Dimensions in millimetres 
Figure 3a 
Apparatus for determination of seat reference point. 
Dimensions in millimetres 
Figure 3b 
Method of determining seat reference point. 
No C 222/62 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Dimensions in millimetres 
Pin marking position 
of centre of gravity 
Figure 4 
Pendulum block and its suspending chains or wire ropes. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/63 
2 lashings K 
\ 
\ 
V 
r^V^-lj 
2 lashings 
Wedging beam 
Figure 5 
Example of tractor lashing — Rear impact. 
No C 222/64 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
2 lashings N 
\ 
\ v y\ 
2 lashings 
Wedging beam 
Figure 6 
Example of tractor lashing — Front impact. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/65 
Bevelled 
end 
Prop Wedging beam 
Figure 7 
Example of tractor anchorage — Side impact. 
No C 222/66 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Universal 
pin joints 
Double acting 
hydraulic cylinder 
Universal 
pin joints 
Supports under front 
and rear axles 
Figure 8 
Crushing rig. 
Note: The configuration of the roll-over protection structure shown is solely for the purpose of illustra­
tion and for dimensional reference. It does not purport to denote design requirements. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/67 
Horizontal 
rod attached 
totheROPS 
Vertical support 
attached to the tractor 
chassis or the floor of 
the ROPS 
1 - Permanent deflection 
2 - Elastic deflection 
3 - Total deflection 
(permanent + elastic deflection) 
Figure 9 
Example of apparatus for measuring elastic deflection. 
No C 222/68 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
Force 
Deflection and force for 
which the structure has 
absorbed the calculated 
energy required (1.1) 
F' = force for calculated 
energy required 
D' = deflection for calculated 
energy required 
0.96D' D' Deflection 
1. Reference aF' corresponding to 0,95 D'. 
1.1. Overload test not necessary since aF' < 1,93 F'. 
Figure 10a 
Force/Deflection curve. Overload test not necessary. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/69 
Fmax 
aF' 
F' 
bF' Force 
1 1 
0,95 D' D' D'1 Deflection and force 
for which the structure has 
absorbed the calculated 
energy required (1.1) 
Energy absorbed equal 
to 1,05 of energy 
required (1.2) 
Deflection 
1. Reference aF' corresponding to 0,95 D'. 
1.1. Overload test necessary since aF' > 1,03 F. 
1.2. Overload test satisfactory since bF >0,97 F and bF >0,8 F max. 
Figure 10b 
Force/Deflection curve. Overload test necessary. 
No C 222/70 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
1. 
1.1. 
1.2. 
1.3. 
1.4. 
1.5. Energy absorbed equal to 
energy required (1.1) 
Energy absorbed equal to 1,05 of 
energy required (1.2) 
Energy absorbed equal to 
1,10 of energy required (1.3) 
Energy absorbed equal to 
"- • energy required (1.4) 
Energy absorbed equal to 
1,20 of energy required (1.5) 
Deflection 
0.95D' D' DS D'2 D'3 
« D\ 
Deflection due to overload 
Reference aF' corresponding to 0,95 D'. 
Overload test necessary since aF' > 1,03 F. 
Since bF' <0,97 aF, overload test to be continued. 
Since cF' <0,97 bF, overload test to be continued. 
Since dF' < 0,97 cF, overload test to be continued. 
Overload test satisfactory since eF' > 0,8 F max. 
Note: If at any moment F falls below 0,8 F max the structure will be refused. 
Figure 10c 
Force/Deflection curve. Overload test to be continued. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/71 
ANNEX VI 
MODEL 
Report relating to the EEC component type-approval test of a protection structure (front-mounted bar, 
frame or cab) with regard to its strength as well as to the strength of its attachment to the tractor 
Protection structure 
Make 
Type 
Tractor make 
Tractor type 
Test method I/IIC) Identification of test station 
EEC component type-approval No 
1. Trade mark or name of protection structure 
2. Name and address of manufacturer of tractor or protection structure 
3. If applicable, name and address of tractor or protection structure manufacturer's authorized 
representative 
4. Specifications of tractor on which the tests are carried out 
4.1. Trade mark or name 
4.2. Type and commercial description 
4.3. Serial number 
4.4. Mass of unballasted tractor with protection structure fitted, without driver kg 
4.5. Wheelbase/moment of inertia (•) mm/kg/m2 (') 
4.6. Tyre sizes: front 
rear 
5. Extension of EEC component type-approval for other tractor types 
5.1. Trade mark or name 
5.2. Type and commercial description 
5.3. Mass of unballasted tractor, with roll-over protection structure fitted, without driver kg 
5.4. Wheelbase/moment of inertia (x) mm/kg/m2 (') 
5.5. Tyre sizes: front 
rear 
(') Delete where inapplicable. 
No C 222/72 * Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
6. Specifications of protection structure 
6.1. General arrangement drawing of both the protection structure and its attachment to the tractor 
6.2. Photographs from side and rear showing mounting details 
6.3. Brief description of roll-over protection structure including type of construction, details of 
mounting on the tractor, details of cladding, means of access and escape, details of interior 
padding, features to prevent continuous rolling and details of heating and ventilation. 
6.4. Dimensions 
6.4.1. Height of roof members above the loaded tractor seat/above the seat reference 
point (2) » mm 
6.4.2. Height of roof members above the tractor platform mm 
6.4.3. Interior width of the protection structure at a point above the seat at the height of the 
centre of the steering wheel mm 
6.4.4. Distance from the centre of steering wheel to the right-hand side of protection 
structure mm 
6.4.5. Distance from the centre of the steering wheel to the left-hand side of protection 
structure mm 
6.4.6. Minimum distance from the steering wheel rim to the protection structure mm 
6.4.7. Width of the doorways: 
at the top mm 
in the middle mm 
at the bottom mm 
6.4.8. Height of the doorways: 
above platform mm 
above highest mounting step mm 
above lowest mounting step mm 
6.4.9. Overall height of the tractor with the protection structure fitted mm 
6.4.10. Overall width of the protection structure mm 
6.4.11. Horizontal distance to the rear of the protection structure from the back of the loaded seat at a 
height of 950 mm/from the seat reference point at a height of 900 mm (') 
6.5. Details and quality of materials used, standards used 
Main frame (material and dimensions) 
Mountings (material and dimensions) 
Cladding (material and dimensions) 
Roof (material and dimensions) 
Interior padding (material and dimensions) 
Assembly and mounting bolts (grade and dimensions) 
7. Test results 
7.1. Impact/load (') and crushing test 
Impact/load tests were made to the left/right-hand (2) rear and to the right/left-hand (2) 
front and right/left-hand side (2). The reference mass used for calculating impact energies 
and crushing forces was kg 
The test requirements concerning fractures or cracks, maximum instantaneous deflection and the 
zone of clearance were/were not (2) satisfactorily fulfilled 
(') Delete where inapplicable. 
(-) Delete where inapplicable, according to the test method used. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/73 
7.2. Deflection measured after the tests 
Permanente deflection: 
rear: left-hand mm 
right-hand mm 
front: left-hand mm 
right-hand mm 
side sideways: 
front mm 
rear mm 
top downwards: 
front mm 
rear mm 
Difference between maximum momentary and residual deflection during sideways impact 
test mm 
8. Report number 
9. Report date 
10. Signature 
No C 222/74 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
ANNEX VII 
MARKS 
The EEC component type-approval mark shall consist of: 
— a rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter 4e' followed by the distinguishing letter(s) or number of 
the Member State which has granted the component type-approval: 
1 for Germany, 
2 for France, 
3 for Italy, 
4 for the Netherlands, 
6 for Belgium, 
11 for the United Kingdom, 
13 for the Luxembourg, 
18 for Denmark, 
IRL for Ireland, 
GR for Greece, 
— the EEC component type-approval number which corresponds to the number of the EEC component 
type-approval certificate issued with regard to the strength of the type of protection structure and its 
attachment to the tractor placed under and in the vicinity to the rectangle, 
— the letters SV followed by the number 2, signifying that it concerns a protection structure consisting 
of two front-mounted uprights intended for a narrow-track tractor. 
EXAMPLE OF AN EEC COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL MARK 
Yi -$ a/3 
a/6 I 
-& I a s= 30 mm 
T 
a/3 
± 
Legend: The protection structure bearing the EEC component type-approval mark shown above is a 
structure of the bar type with two front-mounted uprights, intended for a narrow-track tractor 
(V2), for which EEC component type-approval was granted in Belgium (e6) under the 
number 43. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/75 
ANNEX VIII 
EEC COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE 
Name of competent authority 
Notification concerning the granting, refusal, withdrawal or extension of EEC component type-approval 
with regard to the strength of a protection structure (front-mounted bar, frame or cab) and to the strength of 
its attachment to the tractor 
EEC component type-approval No 
extension(') 
1. Trade name or mark of protection structure 
2. Name and adress of manufacturer of protection structure 
3. If applicable, name and address of authorized representative of manufacturer of protection struc­
ture 
4. Trade mark or name, type and commercial description of tractor for which protection structure is 
intended 
5. Extension of EEC component type-approval for the following tractor type(s) 
5.1. The mass of the unballasted tractor, as defined in point 1.4 of Annex III exceeds/does not 
exceed (2) the reference mass used for the test by more than 5% 
5.2. The method of attachment and points of attachment are/are not(2) identical 
5.3. All the components likely to serve as supports for the protection structure are/are not(2) iden­
tical 
6. Submitted for EEC component type-approval on 
7. Test station 
8. Date and number of the report of the test station 
9. Date of granting/refusal/withdrawal of EEC component type-approval (2) 
10. Date of granting/refusal/withdrawal of the extension of EEC component type-approval (2) 
11. Place 
12. Date 
13. The following documents, bearing the component type-approval number shown above, are 
annexed to this certificate (e. g. report of the test station) 
14. Remarks, if any 
15. Signature 
(') If applicable, state whether this is the first, second, etc. extension of the original EEC component type-approval 
(2) Delete where inapplicable 
No C 222/76 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85 
ANNEX IX 
CONDITIONS FOR EEC TYPE-APPROVAL 
1. The application for EEC type-approval of a tractor, with regard to the strength of a protection 
structure and the strength of its attachment to the tractor shall be submitted by the tractor manufac­
turer or by his authorized representative. 
2. A tractor representative of the tractor type to be approved, on which a protection structure and its 
attachment, duly approved, are mounted, shall be submitted to the technical services responsible for 
conducting the type-approval tests. 
3. The technical service responsible for conducting the type-approval tests shall check whether the 
approved type of protection structure is intended to be mounted on the type of tractor for which the 
type-approval is requested. In particular, it shall ascertain that the attachment of the protection 
structure corresponds to that which was tested when the EEC component type-approval was 
granted. 
4. The holder of the EEC type-approval may ask for its extension for other types of protection struc­
tures. 
5. The competent authorities shall grant such extension on the following conditions: 
5.1. the new type of protection structure and its tractor attachment have received EEC component type-
approval, 
5.2. it is designed to be mounted on the type of tractor for which the extension of the EEC type-
approval is requested, 
5.3. the attachment of the protection structure to the tractor corresponds to that which was tested when 
EEC component type-approval was granted. 
6. A certificate, of which a model is shown in Annex X, shall be annexed to the EEC type-approval 
certificate for each type-approval or type-approval extension which has been granted or refused. 
7. If the application for EEC type-approval for a type of tractor is introduced at the same time as the 
request for EEC component type-approval for a type of roll-over protection structure intended to 
be mounted on the type of tractor for which EEC type-approval is requested, the checks laid down 
in 2 and 3 will not be made. 
2. 9. 85 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/77 
ANNEX X 
MODEL 
Name of competent authority 
Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate for a tractor type with regard to the strength of protection 
structures (front-mounted bar, frame or cab) and the strength of their attachment to the tractor 
(Articles 4 (2) and 10 of Council Directive 74/150/EEC of 4 March 1974 on the approximation of the 
laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors) 
EEC type-approval No 
extension(') 
1. Trade name or mark of tractor 
2. Tractor type 
3. Name and address of tractor manufacturer 
4. If applicable, name and address of manufacturer's authorized representative 
5. Trade name or mark of protection structure 
6. Extension of EEC type-approval for the following type(s) of protection structure 
7. Tractor submitted for EEC type-approval on 
8. Technical service responsible for EEC type-approval conformity control 
9. Date for report issued by that service 
10. Number of report issued by that service 
11. EEC type-approval with regard to the strength of the protection structures and the strength of their 
attachment to the tractor has been granted/refused (2) 
12. The extension of the EEC type-approval with regard to the strength of the protection structures and 
the strength of their attachment to the tractor has been granted/refused (2) 
13. Place 
14. Date 
15. Signature 
(') If applicable, state whether this is the first, second, etc. extension of the original EEC type-approval 
(2) Delete where inapplicable