COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
Brussels, 23.05.1995 
COM(95) 216 final 
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION 
m 1BE JN(ll]~ CW RINPIOCT FeR DEMJCRADC PRINCIJ.lUN AND 
HUMAN RIGIIIS IN AGUDtENTS BE'I'WDN 1BE a:NMUNIIY 
AND 11BRD rotJN'IRDN 

IN1ROOUCDON 
A commitment to respect, promote and protect human rights and democratic principles 
is a key element of the Ewupean Comm1Ulity's relations with third coW1tries. 
These issues have been gradually incorporated into the Comm1Ulity's activities over a 
period of time through a series of commitments culminating in the insertion of explicit 
references to human rights and democratic principles in the body of the Union Treaty. 
To help it meet those commitments the Comm1Ulity has a broad range of instruments at 
its disposal, including Union intervention in international forums and specific operations 
aimed at bolstering the rule of law and respect for human rights in the context of the 
Comm1Ulity's relations with non-member co1Ultries. Taking account of human rights in 
contractual relations with third countries is one of those instruments. 
It is on this latter instrument that the communication focuses . 
.l -5 
A. FOUNDATIONS AND REFFRENCES 
References to human rights in agreements with third countries are based on the positions 
the Community has taken by: 
subscribing to universal and regional instruments and assuming responsibility for 
promoting the principles of democracy, the rule of law and respect, for hmnan 
rights (paragraph 5 of the preamble to the Single European Act); 
making respect for, and promotion of, these principles one of the general 
objectives of Community development cooperation policy (Union Treaty, Article 
130U) and one of the objectives of the common foreign and security policy 
(Union Treaty, Article Jl (2)); 
defining the main components of a hands-on strategy through its development 
cooperation policy and by inserting clauses on hmnan rights into economic and 
cooperation agreements with third countries (Luxembourg European Council's 
Declaration on Human Rights, June 1991, paragraph 11); 
jointly identifying guidelines appropriate to the different types of agreement: 
-in its relations with developing colUltries, by adopting guidelines, procedures 
and practical measures and including clauses on hmnan rights in its 
cooperation agreements (paragraph 10 of the resolution on human rights, 
democracy and development of the Council and the Member States meeting 
within the Council, 28 November 1991 ); 
-in its relations with CSCE countries, by recognizing democratic principles and 
human rights as an essential element of its contractual relations with those 
countries by incorporating the appropriate provisions into the agreements 
concerned; these provisions allow the Community to take action in cases of 
special urgency, including any failure to meet the obligations deriving from the 
agreement (Council Declaration of 11 May 1992).1 
These commitments as a whole are consistent with the opinions voiced by Parliament in 
its various human-rights-related initiatives, including its annual resolutions on the world 
human rights situation. 
6326/92 (Press 71G). 
B. EVOUJTION 
The Community's growing commitment to the promotion ofhwnan rights and democratic 
principles is reflected in the evolving nature of the references to these issues in the 
relevant agreements. 
Initially they were mentioned either not at all or only in passing in the preamble of some 
agreements. The frrst reference in the body of a contractual document was in Article 5 
of the fourth Lome Convention, concluded in December 1989. In this way the European 
Community and its Member States tangibly demonstrated their commitment to hwnan 
rights in their relations with third countries. In the ensuing three years, this stance was 
confmned as such references gradually began to appear in cooperation agreements, 
defining respect for democratic principles and hwnan rights as one of the foundations of 
the parties' relations. 
However, Article 5 of Lome IV and similar articles in other agreements do not provide 
a clear legal basis to suspend or denounce agreements in cases of serious hwnan rights 
violations or intenuptions of democratic process. 
It is for this reason that a clause defining democratic principles and hwnan rights as an 
"essential element" of the agreements with Brazil, the Andean Pact countries, the Baltic 
States and Albania was introduced in 1992 (see Annex 1-1). 
This is a substantial innovation, in that: 
it makes hwnan rights the subject of common interest, part of the dialogue 
between the parties and an instrument for the implementation of positive 
measures, on a par with the other key provisions; 
it enables the parties, where necessary, to take restrictive measures in proportion 
to the gravity of the offence (see Annex 2). In the spirit of a positive approach, 
it is important that such measures should not only be based on objective and fair 
criteria, but they should also be adapted to the variety of situations that can arise, 
the aim being to keep a dialogue going; 
In the selection and implementation of these measures it is crucial that the 
population should not be penalized for the behaviour of its government; 
7 
it allows the parties to regard serious and persistent human rights violations and 
serious intenuptions of democratic process as a "material breach" of the 
agreement in line with the Vienna Convention, 2 constituting grounds for 
suspending the application of the agreement in whole or in part in iine with the 
procedural conditions laid down in Article 65.3 The main conditiqn involves 
allowing a period of three months between notification and suspension proper, 
except in "cases of special urgency", plus an additional period of grace if an 
amicable solution is being sought. 
In application of a General Affairs Cotu1cil declaration, since May 1992 all agreements 
concluded with CSCE cotu1tries include an innovative provision in addition to the 
"essential element" clause. 
This additional clause (see Annex 1-2) provides for an immediate response, diverging 
from the procedure laid down in Article 65 of the Vienna Convention. It takes one of two 
fonns: 
an explicit suspension clause authorizing the suspension of the application of the 
agreement in whole or in part "with immediate effect" in cases of serious breach 
of essential provisions; this, so-called "Baltic clause" was used only in the frrst 
agreements with the Baltic States, Albania and Slovenia; or 
a general non-execution clause known as the "Bulgarian clause" which provides 
for appropriate measures should the parties fail to meet their obligations, 
following a consultation procedure "except in cases of special urgency"; this 
clause was used in the agreements with Romania, Bulgaria, the Russian 
Federation, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Moldavia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, 
Kazakhstan and Belarus. 
The difference between the two fonnulas resides in the degree of sensitivity allowed for. 
The "Baltic clause" is more severe in that it provides only for extreme cases warranting 
immediate suspension without consultation of any kind. The "Bulgarian clause" not only 
provides for a conciliation procedure and a range of different options but is also designed 
to keep the agreement operational wherever possible. It asserts that immediate suspension 
should be envisaged only in cases of special urgency. 
2 
3 Vienna Convention, Article 60(3): "A material breach of a treaty, for the purposes 
of this Article, consists in: 
(a) a repudiation of the treaty not sanctioned by the present Convention; or 
(b) the violation of a provision essential to the accOmplishment of the objective 
or purpose of the treaty." 
Vienna Convention, Article 60(1): "A material breach of a bilateral treaty by one 
of the parties entitles the other party to invoke the breach as a ground for 
tenninating the treaty or suspending its operation in whole or in part." 
8 
In January 1993, in response to the disparate nature of the references in the relevant 
agreements, the Commission, detennined to adopt a non-discriminatory approach, drafted 
guidelines on these issues (Decision of 26 January 1993, MIN (93)1137, point XIV), 
stipulating that draft negotiating directives for association agreements and economic 
cooperation agreements should incorporate the following: 
(a) in the body of the agreement: 
a clause specifying that relations between the Community and the COlllltry 
concerned and all provisions of the relevant agreement are based on respect for 
the democratic principles and human rights which inspire the domestic and 
external policies of the Community and the colllltry concerned and which 
constitute essential elements of the agreement; 
(b) in the preamije: 
general references to respect for human rights and democratic values; 
references· to the universal and/or regional instruments common to both parties. 
An explicit suspension clause or a general non-execution clause may be included in 
specific cases. 
The main points of these guidelines featured in a letter from :Mr Van den Broek to the 
Council, Parliament and the Member States. 
9 
Although the Commission guidelines have been respected, the objective of a systematic 
approach has not yet been achieved 
As regards the preamble, the practice of using different references depending on the 
regional location of the party concerned, when not supplemented by universal references, 
can appear to contradict the principle of lmiversality; references to the market economy 
in agreements with OSCE eow1tries create a different perspective having no direct 
connection with hwnan rights, a fact that could be prejudicial to the aim of consistency. 
References to human rights and/or democratic principles as an essential element, although 
systematically included in all recent agreements of a general nature, 5 have been positioned 
differently (Article I, Article 6, etc.) depending on whether or not the agreements in 
question provide for political dialogue, and also supplemented with other references. 
The "Baltic" clause was last used in October 1992, since when the preferred fonnula has 
been the "Bulgarian" clause, in some cases supplemented by one of two types of 
interpretative declaration (see Annex 1-3): 
4 
5 joint declarations (Annex l-4.i) in which the parties agree that a "case of special 
urgency" means a material breach of the agreement, i.e . the breach of an essential 
element of the agreement or repudiation of the agreement not sanctioned by the 
general rules of international law; 
unilateral declarations by the Coil1IIll)Ility (e.g. the agreement concluded in July 
1993 with the Czech Republic, Annex 1-3.i) that subsequently became bilateral 
declamt.ions (for the first time in the agreement signed with Russia in June 1994, 
Annex 1-3.ii); these declarations emphasize the inclusion in the agreement of the 
"essential element" clause and the reference to "cases of special urgency" resulting 
from the Council Declaration of 11 May 1992 on the Community's relations with 
its CSCE partners; 
See table in Annex 3 showing different types of references to human rights and 
democratic principles in the Community's agreements with third countries. 
In the case of Turkey, a Decision of the Association Council of 6 March 
implemented the additional protocol to the association agreement of 1963, which 
entered ·into force in January 1973, and which provides for the creation of a 
customs Wlion between the two parties within 22 years. 
10 
in the case of the partnership and cooperation agreement with Russia, a joint 
declaration (Annex 1.4.ii) in which the parties agree that the "appropriate 
measures" referred to in the non-execution clause mean measures taken in 
accordance with international law, and that when one party takes measures in 
cases of special urgency, the other may avail itself of the dispute settlement 
procedure. 
The use of two different formulas (the "Baltic" and "Bulgarian" clauses) in the same part 
of the world could be intetpreted as a discriminatocy prnctice, putting the Commission 
in a difficult position in its negotiations with third cotmtries. There is also a growing 
tendency to regain the margin of flexibility lost in the clauses themselves through an 
increasingly varied range of interpretative declarations. 
Nevertheless, the innovative use of specific clauses in the main body of the agreements 
concluded with third cotmtries places the European Commtmity in the vanguard of the 
international commtmity's endeavours in this field and highlights the parallel importance 
of adopting a positive approach. 
This impact of this initiative has been positive in a number of ways: 
(a) the additional clause initially intended for the OSCE cotmtries has, at the 
Council's behest, gradually been applied to other geographical areas, e.g. the Lome 
IV review, Morocco and Tunisia, South Korea and Nepal. 
(b) enshrining hwnan rights as an essential element of the Commtmity's relations with 
third cotmtries enhances cooperation and improves the visibility of its initiatives, 
many of which are en1rusted to specialist organizations, such as the reinforcement 
of the rule of law, the consolidation of the legal system, support for freedom of 
expression, the defence ofwlnerable groups and support for the grassroots. 
(c) it has introduced a range of restrictive measures (see Annex 2) that is sufficiently 
broad to enable the parties to respond in a manner appropriate to the gravity of 
the case in question; to date, none of the agreements with an "essential element" 
clause, with or without an additional clause, has had to be suspended in any way. 
11 
The concern expressed by the European Parliameot' and the CounciF with regard to the 
issue of human rights and the Community's corii'actual relations with third countries and 
the experieBce acquired in this area would suggest 1hat there is a need for a number of 
initiatives to improve the consistency, transpaRncy and visibility of the Community 
approach and to make greater allowance for the sensitivity of third countries and the 
principle of DlJil-disaimirm. 
The following a:nc1usions set out the basic references to human rights and democratic 
principles. They pvvide for fie ~ medmuism: 
In all new dtd negotiating directives for COlDitDtlity agreements with third parties, the 
following should he included: 
6 
7 
8 (a) in die .-1 'e: 
-gencm1 aeiaaKa to human rights and 4cmocratic values;8 
-refcrmocs to unMua1 and Jqjoaal iDstmments common to both parties; 
(b) intbellratlllfAe: ... •lit 
1. lnscdDl of m Atiiole X,· dofimiog the .essential elements, to be adapted ~ m cimumstances (e.g. OSCE membership, market economic 
priDCPies, etc.): 
Most recently in the Resolution of 12 April 1995 on the world human rights 
situation in 1993/94 and the Union's hwnan rights policy (Rapporteur, Mr 
Imbeni): paragraphs 47, 62-65. 
This question was discussed in two meetings of the External Relations Group 
(13 March and 24 April 1995), and was the only item on the agenda of the 
COREPER meeting of 27 April. 
·The recitals could also mention the rule of law and good governance and the 
Vienna human rights conference of Jl.Ule 1993. 
12 
"Respect for the democrrtic principles and fundamental hwnan rights 
established by [the Universal Declaration of Hwnan Rights}/[the Helsinki Final 
A et and the C'harter of Paris for a New Europe] inspires the domestic and 
external policies of the Community and of [lhe country or group qf countries 
concerned] and constitutes an essential element of this agreement. " 
The same applies to the principles of market economy as they are defmed in 
the CSCE Bonn conference document on economic cooperation.9 
2. Insertion of an Article Y on non-execution: 
" If either Party considers that the other Party has failed to fulfil an obligction 
under this Agreement, it may take appropricte measures. Before so doing, 
except in cases of specid urgency, it shdl supply the Associction Council 
with dl relevant infonnction required for a thorough examination of the 
situation with a view to seeking a solution a:ceptable to the Paties. 
In the selection of measures, priority must be given to those which least 
disturb the fW1Ctioning of this Agreement. These measures shdl be notified 
immediately to the Association CoWlCil and shall be the subject of 
consultctions within the A ssociction CoWlCil if the other Parly so requests." 
3. Insertion of interpretative declarations on Article Y: 
"(a) The Parlies cgree, for the purpose of the correct interpretction and 
pra:ticd application of this Agreement, that the tenn "cases of special 
urgency" in A rlicle Y means a case of the mcterial brea:h of the Agreement 
by one of the Parlies. A material brea:h of the Agreement consists in: 
(i) repudiation of the Agreement not sanctioned by the general rules of 
intemationallaw; 
or 
(ii) violction of essentid elements of the Agreement, namely its A rlicle X. 
(b) The patties cgree that the "appropricte measures" referred to in A rlicle Y 
are measures tdcen in a:cordance with intemational law. If a JX1I1Y tdces a 
measure in a case of special urgency as provided for under Arlicle Y, the other 
JX1I1Y may avail itself of the procedure relcting to settlement of disputes. " 
In the Commission's opinion the application of this mechanism comes within the ambit 
of respect for the principle of proportionality between the breach cited and the degree of 
reaction. Use of the concept "special urgency" opens an option without creating an 
obligation and it is in this context that it is for the parties to gauge what measures they 
should take. 
This may entail building on the standard provisions on hwnan rights and democratic 
principles to strengthen or clarifY the nature of the commitments involved, without 
9 This provision applies to all OSCE participants, and to other COWltries at the discretion 
of the Council. 
13 
altering the legal scope of the text. The wording given for Article X should featur 
among the first articles of the "General principles" title, and it should not be altered ( 
diluted by inclusion in a more general provision. · 
This CoiDIIlUilication will be be addressed to the Comcil and to Parliament. 
ANNEXl 
Standari wording for clauses on human rights 
and the relevant intepretalive declarations 
1. Essential element clatme 
Article X: [General principles or General/Political Dialogue] 
''Respect for the democratic principles and hUIIIUl righfs established by [the Helsinki 
Final Act and the Outer of Paris for a New Europe] [• well • the principles of 
market economy] [• defmed at the Bono <:NCE conference] i.mpires the dolnestic 
and external policies of the Onnmunity and of [tbird countty] and comtitute an 
essential element of tbis agreement'' 
2. Complexnentazy clause 
Article Y: 
(a) explicit suspension or "Baltic" clause 
''lbe parties reserve the right to smpend tbis Agreement in whole or in part with 
immediate effect if a seriom breach of its essential pmvisiom occtus'' 
(b) general non-execution or "Bulgarian" clause 
'1f either Party comiders that the other Party la failed to fulfd an obligation under 
tbis Agreement, it may take awropriate ~ores. Before so doing, except in ~es 
of special mgency, it shall soppy the Association ColDlCil with all relevant 
information required for a thorough examination of the situation with a view to 
seeking a solution accepblble to the Parties. 
In the selection of measures, priority nut be given to those wbich le.t disturb the 
functioning of tbis Agreement. These ~ores sball be ootified immediately to the 
Association ColDICil and sball be the s.qect of consultations widlin the Association 
Council if the other Party so reques1s. '' 
IS 
3. General intet:pret.ative declarations 
i. Unilateral declandion by the European CoDJDRmity (agreement with the CZec 
ReputBc, .iJiy 1993) 
"The reference to the respect for human rights as an essential element of th 
Agreement and to the cases of special urgency has been included in tb 
Agreement as a result of the policy followed by the Commmrity in the area ll 
human rights pursuant to the Council Declaration of 11 May 1992 whid 
foresees such reference in the Cooperation or Association Agreements betwea 
the Community and its partners in the Conference on Serurity and Coopelatior 
. Europe" m . 
ii. .l»int declaration (agree...a wUb the Rmsian Fedemtion, .ble 1994) 
''The Parties declare dd the inclmion in the Agreement of the refereDce fl 
respect for hiiiDID righfs comtituting an essential element of the Agreemen 
and to the cases of special mgency flows from 
* the Comnmnity's policy in the area of hmnan riglds, in confotmny widt tb 
Declamtion of the ColDlCil of 11 :May 1992 wbich provides for the inclmiot 
of this reference in cooperation or ~ociation agreements between tb 
Community and its (S(E putneJS, ~ well ~ 
* Rmsia's policy in this field and 
* the attachment of both Parties to the relevant obligatiom, arising in particula 
from the Helsinki Final Ad and the Omter of Paris for a New Europe." 
4. lntet:pret.atiye declarations accompanying a general noo-execution clause 
i. S1andanl joint declaration 
" The Parties agree, for the pmpose of the coned interpefation and practical ~icatio1 
of this Agreement, that the temt 'bises of special mgency" in Article Y meam a ~e o 
the ~ te.:h of the Agreement by one of the Parties. A material te.:h of the 
Agreement consists in: 
(i) repdation of dle agreement DOt sanctioDed by the general rules of intemations 
law; 
or 
(ii) violation of essential eleDJellis of the Agreement, namely its Article X. 
ii. Joint dedaration (agreement with the Rmsian Fedemdon, ~ 1994) 
''lbe pries agree dmt tbe ·~ JDeJBures" refened to in Article Y are ~Oft 
taken in accordance witll Dematicmallaw. If a puty 1akes a measure in a a. of speci~ 
mgency • povided for under Adicle Y, the other puty DIY avail itself of tbe pmcedui 
relating to sellellleDt of clspae&" 
16 
ANNEX2 
Summary of measures that may be taken in response to serious hwnan rights violations 
or serious intenuptions of democratic process: 
-alteration of the contents of cooperation programmes or the channels used 
-reduction of cultural, scientific and technical cooperation programmes 
-postponement of a Joint Committee meeting 
suspension of high-level bilateral contacts 
-postponement of new projects 
-refusal to follow up partner's initiatives 
-trade embargoes 
-suspension of anns sales, suspension of military cooperation 
-suspension of cooperation 
• . 
•• 
A N I E X E :· 3. 
REPERI!NCES AIJX DRali8 DE L'HOC';i;~ EZ' .~ ... ·:~ F~:!t'JCJPES DEIIOCRAnQUES 
· DANS U!S J.cco,ms c·::n. ·J\ YS TIERS 
datD: 27.4.95 
.. 
t!,. • .. c: 1G c = cu ..... .9 
~ E 7:.!! .. .... ~ 1G ! G G-., ea Elat des n(Jgociatlon:l aa 'i E 5 ::9 :::s = J! ...., 
~ : ~~ ~~ u PaysiRetjjon /ref. JOCL Type d'ACCtJtd 0:: tf ~ 
Ameriqae LadDe 
Accords de 23.Q4.93 JOL2.5/1993 Cadre de cooperation 
Cmbqene et pays ' c, X 
mc:mDn:s• 
ARGENTINE 02.04.95 JOL295/1990 cadre de COOQ8ration Oz X 
BOL!VIE 03.02.93 JOL.31311992 Coooetation X 
BRESIL 29.08.92 JOL.. 163/1992 Coooeraaon X 
CHILl 12.12.90 JOL..7911991 cadre de coooeration a, X 
IS"'"HME ce:ntre- 22.02.93 JOL.. Cooperation 
0~, X X amCric:lin% 
MEXIQtlE 17.10.91 JOL34011991 Commerce.caoperation 
cammerdate et Os 
economicrue 
PARAGUAY 03.02.1992 Cadre de caoperauon a, X JOL31311992 
URUGUAY 04.11.91 JOL9411992 cacsra de cooperation c, X 
A.sfe 
ASEAlt 10.08.80 JOL.1<4411980 Coopation C: 
BAl'fOLA.OESH 19.01.78 JOI..31911976 Cocperaion ccmrnen:iaje c, 
IMJE 20.12.93 ~ ~~, X 
JOL22311~ .• 
MACAO 31.12.92 JOL.40411992 Q:unmen:eet o. X coo aeration 
MONGOUE 18.02.92 JOL 4111993 Cornmen:e.cooperaaicn 
cammerdale et Os X ' ;· 
ecanoft'tiQu_e 
PAlCISTAN 23.07.85 JOL 108/1988 Coopetalfcn c, 
SRlLAMCA signe le 16494 Coop8r.ation So X 
22.07.75 JOL24711975 Coo~n .c, . 
Alriqae -1 ~ARU---Q-UE--ou ___ suo~-~~~ __ .,_,~~--J_o~ ___ ,,_1s_~_.I ____ ~ __ PM_·_d_~ ______ c_,~l ____ ._x __ ._ __ ~~----~----~-~ 
1 'B . 
. . ·. 
. 
~ i:· 
7:~ , ~ I . ; G ,. t! Elat des n._tlona t ~ 5 !s ., . .!! ftl =~ .. 
~ i 0~ ~ 0 u ~Bgion /ref. JOCL Type d'At:CtJrd ~ rP ~ ~ 
Moyea Orieat A --• ... 
Caaseilde 15.08.88 JOU411989 CooperaUon 
lcoopeiadoa poar les 
Bo Elm arahcs du 
Oolfe5 ·. I 
ALGERJE -28.04.78 JOL.28311878 Coaperatlon ~ 
EGYPT! 18.01.77 J0t..28811878 CoopGdon ~ 
JORDAME 18.01.77 JOL.28811978 EccxiGI'fique et ~ . c:ornmen:ial 
IJBAN 03.08.77 JOL26711978 C4ot*atkm ~ 
27.04.78 JOL 2tW1978 eoooerauon C2 
SYR.lE 18.01.77 JOL28911978 eooperaucn Sz 
niNISIE paracna le 12.4.9! Aslodatton X X -2e.04.78 J01...26e/1978 Cooperation Bz 
E tats pard~ts OSCE 
AL.SANIE 26.10.92 JOL40311992 CQmmerce.coopetarion A,:J&:JJ c:crnmerdaJe et 02 X X 
bnomic:rue 
SELARUS signa le 6.03.95 Panenanat et A,,.z.:a X X X coo aeration 
BULGA.RIE signe le 8.03.93 Association A,-. X X 
JOL.358119~ A~ 
ESTONIE 31.12.94 JOL.37311995 Wbre ecnange A,~ X X 
21.12.92 JOL40311992 Commerce, Cooperation 
commerciale et ~ X X . 
ETATS BALT!S Qaracne le 12.4.9! Aaaddcn . X X 
HONOIUE sign8 le 18.12.9:1 Associdan At.a.a i 
JOL.~711993 
28.09.88 JOL-32711988. eornrn,n:e.coopfntion 
COftliiNic::iale et At.u . -K.AZAKHSTAN 23.01.94 JOL.31911984 P...-.er At.u X X X . .. 
KIRGHIST~ 01.08.94 JOL.31911984 PatteMiiat et At.u X X x. 
" L£TTONIE 31.12.94 JOL. 37~19&e Ubre ectlange A1.2.2.• x· X 
21.12.92 JOL.40311982 CCIIIUIWce. coopinltion 
I COft'IIMidale et At.u X X . 
LlTHUANIE 31 .12-.SM JOL.37!119&5 . L.ltn tc:nMge At.u X X 
21.12.94 JOlA031'1892 Ccl'llriiiCe. coopintlon 
cammen::blle et At.u ·X X . . -
MOLOAVIE slgnele 28 novemtn Partenariat et At.= X X c:aoolldon -:-X ·--· ·1994 -· 
POLOONE ...... 1.18.12.91 CorriMrceet At~ JOL.34811993 
19.09.89 JOL.33811988 CGmrnllei.CCIQI*du11 
ccxmwcflle et At.... . . . 
llEPtJBUQUE 18.12.94 JOL.36011984 · Alia Ill' m X X ' ·x 
l&~tJB Au. 
· .. · .• 
... 
Etm pardclJEOOfZ osc (~J'idto) 
ROUMAHIE :=19.1~~SG J0~/1984 
RUSSIE .. 
I 
SLOVAQUIE 
SLOVEME 
UKRAlNE Aa1IIO ciaion At.u 
04.0331 JOL.7911991 Cooperadon 
.• C.aomique At.D 
'· 
~ Je 24.06.94 Pattenariat et A1 cooaerallon 
19.12.94 JOL3SJI1984 Assodation At.2.D 
2.0.01.93 JOL.18911993 Cooperation A,.3 
Signe Je 14.08.94 Partenatiat et 
coooeratfan 
1 Sa8vw. eototiuie. Equataur, Pemcr. venezue~a 
z Costa Rica. El SaNadat. ~ Honduras. Nlc:ar.agua. Panama 
'Argentine. S*i. Paraguay, Uruguay 
• lndOnesie.Malailie, PtliUppina. Singapour, lbanande, Slunei 
1 Emirats AraDes Unis, Batnin, Araaie Saoudlle. Oman, Qacar. Kaweit ··x-:J, x r~ 
.," ~......,., '. 
X X 
X X X 
X X X 
X X , X X X 
• Lea retaelons de c:oo~ et toutes 1es dispositions• de ·c:es ac:carc1S se fandent sur le respect des prindpes 
~ues et dM draits de l'homme qui inspintnt lee poltlques imemes et intemattonates 
tant de la Communaut6 que de ·-• 
• La retatlonS de c:aoper.dan de mtrne que tDutea les dilpaUiana se fondent sur le respect des 
prirJdpes d*nocrlaQues et da droits de l'tlanme qui lnspiwnt,.. poldques intlllna et · 
inrllmatlona._ et qui cansdtuent un el6rMnt eiRIIdel de ces ac:cardS. • 
• SI une P8ICfe c:ansidn que raun rta ~ IWIIPI rune .des at~~gat~a~rs que lui irnpa8e 1e pre.ent accaca. 
elepeutPIWidN des,.._...~ 11 dol. sautttn cas ~ ~. 
f'l:auriW au CDftleil ctaa1111 '1111 1:11 toca~•lubu..,.• Pll'lfMI• nec:eaana l un aamen 
~aafoncl de la duatlon .. we de~ ... taauc1an wx..-a. par fee ,_...... 
• c.daratlan annexe. * rac:card : -i.-parties canviennent. aux ftnl de ~ CCifl'lld8 et 
de f81'Piicadon pratique de raccard. que 1e1..,.. • c:u ~urgent~' ffgur8nt dans tartfde... 
slgnilllnt 1es c:aa de Yialldlan SUbltlndllle de raa:acd s-l'une des deux parties. une vtaldon 
aubstlntlelle de raccard cansiltB: • 
a) dana le rajet de raccard nan SIIICtlann6 par ... Ngles ~ du droit~ 
ou 
b). dans 1a viatdon ciea. ~_.....de r8Ceald ,_..elMs ranlc:IL.'* 
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References to human rigiD and democmtic principles 
in Community agreemel8 with third countries 
KEY 
A. Regional European framework 
1. The provisions and principles of the following should be fully implemented: 
(a) the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) 
(b) the Helsinki Final Act, the concluding documents of the Madrid and Vienna conferences 
(c) the closing docmnent of the Copenhagen meeting 
(d) the Charter of Paris for a New Europe, particularly in respect of the rule of law, democracy 
and human rights (November 1990) 
(e) the Bonn CSCE conference docwnent on economic cooperation 
2. Recognizing the importance of guaranteeing ethnic and national minority rights 
(a) in line with the commitments entered into in the context of the CSCE 
(b) and of establishing a system based on pluralism and free and democratic elections 
3. A ware of the importance of strengthening their democratic institutions and supporting the 
economic reform process 
4. Reference to the European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and F\llldamenta.l 
Freedoms 
B. Att«hnk!tt to the principles of the United N«ions Chatter 
1. to democratic values and respect for human rights 
2. and wishing to express their mutual desire to maintain and strengthen their friendly relations 
on the basis of those principles 
C Att«hnk!tt to the principles of eqldity, freedom and jwice 
1. and asserting their shared wish to help initiate a new phase of economic cooperation and to 
facilitate the development of their respective human and material resources on the basis of 
those principles 
2. and asserting their shared wish to promote the development of their human and physical 
resources in a context of freedom equality and justice 
3. and emphasizing their shared attachment to the promotion of international economic relations 
based on freedom, equality, justice and progress 
D. Other references 
1. welcoming the transformation of the country into a democratic and multiracial society and 
the importance attached to human rights 
2. recognizing that in the wake of recent political developments the CO\llltry wishes to stabilize 
and consolidate democracy and promote economic and social progress 
3. the importance attached by the parties to respect for the human rights, democratic principles 
and economic freedom that underpin this agreement 
4. attachment to democratic values and respect for hmnan rights 
5. whereas the main beneficiary of cooperation is man, and these rights should therefore be 
promoted · 
2./J