COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
COM(94) 578 final 
Brussels, 08.12.1994 
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION 
Activity report 
on the 11th programme 
of ECSC low-cost housing loans 
Period 1989-1993 

List of contents 
1 INTRODUCTION 3 
2 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 11TH PROGRAMME 5 
2.1 Guidelines 5 
2.2 Progress report 6 
2.2.1 Funds available 6 
2.2.2 Use of funds allocated 7 
2.2.3 Type of housing financed 8 
2.2.4 ECSC contribution in relation to total housing costs 9 
2.3 Redistribution of the balances 10 
2.4 Follow-up and assessment 11 
3 MEETINGS WITH THE REGIONAL COMMITTEES 13 
4 CONCLUSIONS - PROSPECTS FOR THE 12TH PROGRAMME 14 

INTRODUCTION 
Loans for low-cost housing are an important measure flanking the restructuring of the 
coal and steel industries. This fact has been stressed by the ECSC Consultative 
Committee1 which, like the social partners in general in both sectors, monitors this 
activity very closely. 
This view is also shared by those actually involved in the activity and the local 
authorities; although the latter are not direct partners of the Commission they are keenly 
interested in the assistance which such loans provide for the solution of problems created 
by the presence of ECSC undertakings in their areas. It is obvious that to allow for the 
future use of workers' housing estates the housing stock must be modernised. This is one 
of the conclusions of a wide-ranging study carried out by two organisations specialising 
in the subject of low-cost housing; the study is entitled "Housing for workers in coal and 
steel industry areas - needs and strategies" and the final report will be available in 
November 1994. 
Originally, the aim of programmes providing loans for low-cost housing was to reduce 
the costs incurred by undertakings by helping them to assume their responsibilities for 
the housing conditions of their workers, thus contributing to improved competitiveness 
(Article 54(2) of the ECSC Treaty) and at the same time contributing to a rising standard 
of living and improved working conditions for the workers (Articles 2 and 3). 
In order to appreciate more clearly the effectiveness and the additionality of this activity 
it is necessary first of all to stress that the ECSC loan usually represents between 10% 
and 15% of the total cost. The rest of the finance is provided by a loan from the 
employer, public loans and bank loans, supplemented in most cases by savings funds and 
work-related benefits of the beneficiary. These combined sources of finance reduce 
considerably the financial burden on the worker, since the rates charged are much lower 
than the usual rates of interest of the banks, thanks mainly to that part of the financing 
covered by the ECSC 1% loan. Without the ECSC aid and the resulting reduction in 
financial charges the worker in question would most often have no chance of getting the 
house or flat which he wants. 
When it comes to collective projects the element of additionality is sometimes even more 
striking. In fact, in some regions it is thanks to the ECSC loan - together with loans from 
employers and from the State - and to the reduction in financing cost which it makes 
possible that a stock of rented housing can still be classified as "low-cost housing". 
Similarly, thanks to the priority given to projects for modernisation/redevelopment, the 
ECSC indirectly helps regions to improve the environment and the housing stock with a 
view to assisting an economic recovery. This is of key importance in a certain number 
Resolution of 18 December 1992 - ÛJ C 31 of 04.02.1993 
3 
of very disadvantaged regions such as the new German Lander where ECSC housing 
loans have been a real life-line. 
The implementation of the 11th programme, the chief lessons of which are outlined in 
this report, has shown that ECSC housing loans - thanks mainly to a minimum of red 
tape (as few forms as possible are used) and to direct contacts between the ECSC and the 
players and the beneficiaries on the spot - is an extremely effective instrument of social 
policy. 
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 11TH PROGRAMME 
Between 1954 and 1993 the ECSC organised a series of 11 programmes for low cost 
housing loans: altogether 205 691 dwellings were financed and ECU 361 million were 
allocated. 
In 1988, the Commission decided to launch an 11th ECSC housing programme to run for 
the period 1989-19922. The operational phase of the 11th programme got under way in 
1990, after consultation with the Regional Committees and negotiation of financng 
contracts with the banks. 
On 12 December 1991, half-way through the 11th programme, the Commission presented 
an interim progress report on the programme (situation as at 30 June 1991)3. This report 
had been discussed with the delegates from all the Regional Committees responsible for 
implementing ECSC housing policy 
Now that the work of the 11th programme, including the reallocation of the balances, h;ts 
been completed, it is time to undertake a final review of it and assess what it achieved. 
2.1 Guidelines 
The general objectives of the Commission with regard to ECSC housing have developed 
over the years, adapting to the changing socio-economic situation in the two sectors 
concerned. 
The guidelines for implementing the 11th ECSC housing programme4 stress that the 
programme's main aim is to meet the housing requirements of an ever younger workforce 
with increasing expectations in terms of living standards, to guarantee reasonable housing 
quality and to cushion the social impact of restructuring (e.g. in the case of transfers) It 
is also clear from the guidelines that a purely economic approach to the question of 
ECSC housing would be inadequate and it is therefore necessary to consider the social 
aspects, such as the social integration needs of people living on the estates and, generally 
speaking, to take account of environmental considerations. 
In addition to aid for housing needs as such the Commission has also given its approval 
to extending the scope of grants to include improvement of the immediate environment 
of housing units on the estates. 
SEC(88) 1930 
SEC(91) 2393 final 
OJC 176 of 12.07.1989 
2.2 Progress report 
2.2.1 Funds available 
In accordance with the Commission Decision of 20 December 19885, the total budget for 
the 11th programme, set by the Commission on 20 December 1988, was ECU 48 million. 
Following admission of the five new German Lander (ex-GDR), this was increased by 
ECU 4 million for 1991 and ECU 6 million for 1992, sums which were earmarked for 
ECSC housing in the new regions. The total budget for the 11th programme is therefore 
now ECU 58 million. 
The breakdown of funds between industries and Member States was decided by the 
Commission on 10 July 19896 as follows: 
Table I 
Allocation of funds per Member State and industry 
Member States 
Belgium 
Denmark 
Germany 
Greece 
Spain 
France 
Ireland 
Italy 
Luxembourg 
Netherlands 
Portugal 
United Kingdom 
Initial total 
Add. amount ex-
GDR 
Overall total Coal 
in ECU 
830 000 
0 
7 500 000 
0 
3 500 000 
2 200 000 
70 000 
0 
0 
0 
300 000 
7 500 000 
21 900 000 
5 000 000 
26 900 000 in % 
1.7 
0 
15.6 
0 
7.3 
4.6 
0.2 
0 
0 
0 
0.6 
15.6 
45.6 
22.8 Steel 
in ECU 
1 800 000 
200 000 
5 000 000 
500 000 
4 000 000 
4 000 000 
100 000 
4 000 000 
700 000 
1 200 000 
600 000 
4 000 000 
26 100 000 
5 000 000 
31 100 000 in % 
3.8 
0.4 
10.4 
1.1 
8.3 
8.3 
0.2 
8.3 
1.5 
2.5 
1.3 
8.3 
54.4 
19.2 Total 
in ECU 
2 630 000 
200 000 
12 500 000 
500 000 
7 500 000 
6 200 000 
170 000 
4 000 000 
700 000 
1 200 000 
900 000 
11 500 000 
48 000 000 
10 000 000 
58 000 000 in % 
5.5 
0.4 
26.0 
1.1 
15.6 
12.9 
0.4 
8.3 
1.5 
2.5 
1.9 
23.9 
100.0 
20.8 
SEC(88) 1930 
SEC(89) 906 
2.2.2 Use of funds allocated 
On the basis of this breakdown more than ECU 51 million were used to co-finance 6 718 
dwellings (including the new Lander) during the four-year period. The total percentage 
of grants used directly, i.e. before redistribution, was therefore more than 90% of the 
funds initially available (for the new Lander, where the operational phase began only in 
1992, more than 75% of the funds allocated were used during the first year). 
Details broken down by Member State are given below: 
Table 2 
Payment situation per Member State as at 31.12.1992 (in ECU) 
Member State 
Belgium 
Denmark 
Germany 
Greece 
Spain 
France 
Ireland 
Italy 
Luxembourg 
Netherlands 
Portugal 
United Kingdom 
Initial total 
Add. amount ex-
GDR 
Overall total Allocated 
funds 
2 630 000 
200 000 
12 500 000 
500 000 
7 500 000 
6 200 000 
170 000 
4 000 000 
700 000 
1 200 000 
900 000 
11 500 000 
48 000 000 
10 000 000 
58 000 000 Taken up 
2 622 624 
25 813 
12 437 236 
499 531 
4 822 950 
6 061 078 
100 000 
3 983 400 
662 677 
1 045 738 
7 94 218 
10 687 176 
43 742 441 
7 672 312 
51 414 753 Balance 
remaining 
7 376 
174 187 
62 764 
469 
2 677 050 
138 922 
70 000 
16 600 
37 323 
154 262 
105 782 
812 824 
4 257 559 
2 327 688 
6 585 247 Balance 
remaining 
(%) 
0.28 
87.09 
0.50 
0.09 
35.69 
2.24 
41.18 
0.42 
5.33 
12.86 
11.75 
7.07 
8.87 
23.28 
11.35 Number 
of housing 
units 
425 
14 
1 086 
127 
1 048 
1 123 
8 
328 
92 
144 
143 
783 
5 321 
1 397 
6 718 
The conditions of implementation of the 11th programme in the regions and the Member 
States can, in general terms, be described as follows: 
A first group of Member States used all the funds granted, these funds often being quite 
insufficient to satisfy demand (Belgium, Germany, Greece, France and Italy). 
Other Member States have encountered difficulties in implementing the programme, 
owing in part to an imbalance between sectors and/or regions and particularly, in most 
cases, to a wide variation in the take-up of the funds as between the steel industry and 
the coal industry (Denmark, Spain, Ireland, Portugal, United Kingdom). 
The Danish steel industry used only part of the grants awarded; this is attributable to a 
lack of movement in the housing market because of the tax system and to a certain lack 
of demand for housing from a small but fairly stable workforce 
The Spanish coal industry used almost all the grants awarded but the steel industry only 
40%). There were wide variations between the autonomous regions: 
- several regions were participating for the first time in the ECSC housing 
programme and as a consequence the Regional Committees had difficulties with 
the start-up and the organisation of operations; 
- in some regions changes in the regional government meant a break in the 
continuity of the Regional Committee, the essential go-between for management 
of applications for loans, particularly with regard to follow-up. 
Following restructuring, the Irish coal industry no longer participated in the 11th ECSC 
programme. 
The Portuguese coal industry used only 65% of the funds allocated, the reason being the 
uncertainty about the future of the mines in Douro. 
The British coal industry had difficulty in executing joint projects for the modernisation 
of rented dwellings. The balance was held over for co-financing of these projects. 
2.2.3 Type of housing financed 
Table 3 shows that individual projects account for 61% of the total, and group projects 
for 39%. The relative proportion spent on new construction (40%) and on existing 
housing (32%o for purchase and 28% for improvements alone) varies considerably from 
one Member State to another, largely influenced by local market conditions and the 
priorities of the Regional Committees. 
Table 3 
Number and type of dwellings financed 
Member 
State 
BE 
DK 
Dr: 
DE (ex-
GDR) 
ES 
FR 
GR 
IR 
IT 
LU 
NL 
PC) 
UK 
EUR 12 
Total 
% 
Total % New housing 
construction 
indi­
vidual 
294 
120 
46 
12 
273 
48 
20 
41 
38 
892 coll­
ective 
215 
170 
385 purchase 
indi­
vidual 
15 
24 
833 
7 
35 
33 
1 
56 
33 
1 037 coll­
ective 
354 
354 
2 668 
13 6 15 5 
40 Existing housing 
purchase 
indi­
vidual 
28 
49 
11 
82 
53 
10 
8 
36 
88 
40 
783 
1 188 coll­
ective 
560 
560 purchase + 
modernisation 
indi­
vidual 
28 
39 
42 
231 
7 
10 
26 
383 coll­
ective 
35 
35 
2 166 
18 8 6 1 
32 modernisation 
indi­
vidual 
60 
14 
3 
195 
121 
92 
27 
24 
24 
32 
592 coll­
ective 
282 
548 
467 
1 297 
1 889 
9 19 
28 Overall total 
indi­
vidual 
425 
14 
235 
294 
i .048 
656 
127 
8 
123 
92 
144 
143 
783 
4 092 coll­
ective 
0 
0 
85) 
1.108 
0 
467 
0 
0 
205 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 631 total 
425 
14 
! .086 
i -H)2 
1.04 S 
l.i23 
127 
8 
328 
9? 
144 
143 
783 
6 723 
6 723 
61 39 100 
2.2.4 ECSC contribution in relation to total housing costs 
Table 4 below gives the proportion of the total housing costs met from ECSC funds. 
Average overall ECSC participation is 15%: 11%) for new construction and 22% for 
existing housing (20% for purchases and 28% for improvements alone). The relatively 
high proportion of ECSC funding for improvements is due to the fact that the total cost 
of this type of operation is considerably lower than the cost of reconstruction. 
Table 4 
Percentage of ECSC contribution in relation to total housing cost 
Member 
State 
BR 
DK 
DE 
DE (ex-
GDR) 
ES 
FR 
GR 
IR 
IT 
LU 
NL 
PO 
UK 
EUR 12 New housing 
construction 
indi­
vidual 
7.9 
8.9 
11.6 
10.1 
11.1 
10.1 
16.1 
7.4 
25.2 
9.6 coll­
ective 
13.5 
18.4 
15.3 purchase (%) 
indi­
vidual 
9.9 
10.6 
11.0 
19.0 
13.8 
20.3 
8.5 
12.9 
19.9 
11.8 coll­
ective 
10.9 
10.9 Existing housing 
purchase (%) 
indi­
vidual 
7.9 
12.8 
20.8 
9.4 
9.5 
3.5 
26.5 
23.7 
10.7 
26.8 
23.3 
20.1 coll­
ective 
34.2 
22.0 
33.7 purchase + 
modernisation 
indi­
vidual 
8.5 
13.5 
24.1 
12.9 
10.6 
17.6 
8.3 
13.5 coll­
ective 
20.6 
20.6 modernisation 
(%) 
indi-
. vidual 
20.4 
37.4 
14.5 
23.8 
27.5 
27.5 
26.8 
25.7 
18.7 
45.8 
24.7 coll­
ective 
24.7 
36.0 
22.6 
28.7 Overall total (%) 
indi­
vidual 
8.2 
37.4 
10.1 
18.3 
11.3 
12.0 
12.4 
26.5 
20.1 
8.5 
11.6 
24.7 
23.3 
14.0 coll­
ective 
12.8 
35.4 
22.6 
18.7 
17.3 total 
8.2 
37.4 
12.0 
27.5 
11.3 
13.8 
12.4 
26.5 
19.2 
8.5 
11.6 
24.7 
23.3 
15.1 
2.3 Redistribution of the balances 
Since, for various reasons already referred to in this report, all regions were not able, 
within the stated time limit, to use all the funds allocated to them under the 11th 
programme, the Commission, in accordance with the practice under previous programmes, 
redistributed the balances. 
After discussing the procedures for this operation with the representatives of the Regional 
Committees at the meeting on 6 July 1992 the Commission, on completion of the 
programme, invited the Regional Committees to put forward proposals for the 
redistribution. Most of the committees submitted applications for reallocation of the 
balance, either to new projects or to others which had had to be set aside because of 
inadequate funds. These applications were for a total of ECU 11 336 824 but the total 
available was only ECU 4 257 559. 
It was therefore proposed to apply a number of criteria to the redistribution: 
workforce in ECSC industries on 30 June 1992; 
projects which could be completed in a short time; 
a maximum amount of ECU 50 000; 
choice to be based on the priorities of the committees. 
This reallocation, approved by the Commission on 28 July 19937, covered all the 
applicant countries, to some extent restored the balance between the sectors in some 
Member States and corrected some disparities between Member States. 
It should be stressed that all the conditions laid down for implementation of the 11th 
programme applied equally to the redistribution, in particular: 
- the guidelines; 
- implementation and execution by the Commission's departments; 
- the financial conditions applicable to the loans: since in most cases the same 
banks and financial intermediaries were involved, the arrangements for the 
redistribution of balances were regulated by means of addenda to the contracts for 
the existing loans. 
Table 5 
Redistribution of the balances 
Member States 
Belgium 
Denmark 
Germany 
Greece 
Spain 
France 
Ireland 
Italy 
Luxembourg 
Netherlands 
Portugal 
United Kingdom 
Total EUR 12 Initial allocation 
in ECU 
2 630 000 
200 000 
12 500 000 
500 000 
7 500 000 
6 200 000 
170 000 
4 000 000 
700 000 
1 200 000 
900 000 
11 500 000 
48 000 000 % 
5.48 
0.42 
26.04 
1.04 
15.63 
12.92 
0.35 
8.33 
1.46 
2.50 
1.88 
23.96 
100.00 Balance remaining 
in ECU 
7 376 
174 187 
62 764 
469 
2 677 050 
138 922 
70 000 
16 600 
37 323 
154 262 
105 782 
812 824 
4 257 559 % 
0.17 
4.09 
1.47 
0.01 
62.88 
3.26 
1.64 
0.39 
0.88 
3.62 
2.48 
19.09 
100.00 Funds redistributed 
in ECU 
203 620 
0 
1 821 564 
50 785 
519 716 
451 675 
51 655 
378 479 
56 994 
0 
51 797 
671 274 
4 257 559 % 
4.78 
0.00 
42.78 
1.19 
12.21 
10.61 
1.21 
8.89 
1.34 
0.00 
1.22 
15.77 
100.00 Final allocation 
in ECU 
2 826 244 
25 813 
14 258 800 
550 316 
5 342 666 
6 512 753 
151 655 
4 361 879 
719 671 
1 045 738 
846 015 
11 358 450 
48 000 000 % 
5.89 
0.05 
29.71 
1.15 
11.13 
13.57 
0.32 
9.09 
1.50 
2.18 
1.76 
23.66 
100.00 
2.4 Follow-up and assessment 
Apart from the needs and strategies which are the subject of a study being carried out by 
outside bodies and which was referred to in the introduction, the Commission, throughout 
the 11th programme, has been interested in the real impact in practice of its housing loan 
activities. This question has been discussed on several occasions with the local 
representatives. It was also an important element of the Commission's monitoring work 
carried out in most Member States. The Commission was thus able to determine the 
importance of the ECSC loan for the final beneficiary. In most cases the availability of 
C(93) 2079 final 
11 
this loan is an essential element in the decision taken by the ECSC worker to buy or 
build a place of his own. It is a completely decisive factor in the case of programmes for 
the sale of houses or apartments which are part of the housing stock of mining or steel 
companies. The ECSC loan is also indispensable for certain operations concerning group 
projects, the managers of housing societies working with ECSC industries need co-
financing by ECSC loans in order to be able to complete projects for the redevelopment 
of large estates. In any case, on-site visits showed the value of the approach adopted in 
successive housing loan programmes. They also allowed checks to be carried out by 
ECSC personnel on the use actually being made of the housing financed under the 
programme. With regard to the problem of slow transfers of finance, observed in some 
regions, the Commission, after studying the procedures, proposed a number of 
simplifications which will be operated in the 12th programme. 
In addition to these checks there are also permanent checks carried out by the Regional 
Committees and the financial intermediaries - in a structure which is to a large extent 
decentralised. The Commission is thus kept informed of all significant changes relating 
to property financed by ECSC loans. It must also give its formal approval to any loan 
transfer. The regular follow-up also makes it possible to check - continuously - the 
suitability of ECSC loans to developments in the national or regional housing market. 
It is clear that the question of evaluating low-cost housing loan activity - particularly 
from the point of view of cost/effectiveness - has not found a completely satisfactory 
solution by the end of the 11th programme. This is a vitally important subject in the 
framework of the future of ECSC financial activités. It is therefore necessary to 
accompany the 12th programme, from the very outset, with an in-depth evaluation 
exercise in order to determine the extent to which this instrument is still suited to the new 
situation which has resulted from the massive restructuring of the coal and steel 
industries. 
12 
MEETINGS WITH THE REGIONAL COMMITTEES 
With a view to preparing the 12th ECSC low-cost housing programme the Commission 
invited the chairpersons of the all the Regional Committees to a meeting in Brussels on 
6 July 1992. The following points were on the agenda: 
- preparatory study for the 12th programme, to be carried out by two companies of 
consultants; 
- presentation of the conclusions of the study and proposals for improvement; 
- draft guidelines which might be adopted for implementation of a new programme; 
presentation of some possible award criteria for the 12th programme; 
- procedures to be followed and the role of the different bodies. 
The documentation on all these points was distributed at the meeting. 
From discussions with the Regional Committees it was clear that there was: 
- a general desire to continue with ECSC housing loans; 
- a desire for continuity in low-cost housing policy; 
- a wish to have more flexibility in the selection criteria laid down by the 
Commission, more simplified procedures and more freedom to take account of 
national, regional even local situations. 
A second meeting with the Regional Committee representatives was held on 4 March 
1994, the main focus of attention being on the launching of the 12th programme. That 
being the case, the meeting also reviewed the results of the 11th programme and 
considered some examples of particularly interesting good practice. It also learned how 
the low-cost housing system had proved its usefulness in the difficult context of 
privatisation in the ex-GDR (new Lander). For example, the Treuhandanstalt (privatisation 
agency) was given the task of privatising a large steel industry and making it 
economically viable by means of restructuring measures and appropriate financing. In this 
context the Treuhandanstalt decided that the extensive housing stock of the company 
should be sold, since the funds required for the now inevitable modernisation were not 
available. The tenants however, in the current economic climate, were not in a position 
to pay the price being asked but there was also the risk for them, if the property was sold 
to outsiders, that they would lose their homes. A housing cooperative 
(Wohnungsbaugenossenschaft) was therefore set up and the tenants became members so 
as to be able to purchase and modernise their homes. This novel approach, which would 
not have been possible without the ECSC loans, is very important for the workers 
concerned since it reduces the financial burden on them by providing a social support 
measure to accompany the process of privatisation. 
13 
CONCLUSIONS - PROSPECTS FOR THE 12TH PROGRAMME 
The observations of the representatives of the Regional Committees were taken into 
account when the draft guidelines for the 12th ECSC low-cost housing programme for 
1993-1997 were drawn up prior to submission to the Commission for adoption and 
approval. The main new features, as compared with the 11th programme, are as follows: 
- a more selective approach to the beneficiaries, with ECSC loans being made 
available for transferred workers and young newly-recruited workers; 
- inclusion in the programme of those taking early retirement and others having to 
leave their employment prematurely, at least during the period of eligibility for 
measures provided for in Article 56 of the ECSC Treaty; 
increased importance is attached to the modernisation of workers' housing estates 
and their environment; 
- a certain percentage of the total amount available is to be devoted to 
demonstration projects in highly disadvantaged areas; 
- work on priority objectives is to be carried out in accordance with the needs of 
the local housing market; 
efforts are to be made to decentralise by entering into management agreements, 
wherever practically possible, with financial bodies and/or Regional Committees. 
The presentation of these proposals was delayed somewhat because of discussions about 
the future of the ECSC's financial activities8. The total amount to be made available for 
ECSC low-cost housing was also the subject of a long discussion because of the shortage 
of funds and the need to finance a special programme of accompanying measures to assist 
the restructuring of the steel industry. 
On 1 September 1993 the Commission finally adopted the 12th ECSC low-cost housing 
programme9, and at the same time decided to open an initial credit tranche of ECU 19 
million for 1993 to be drawn on the special reserve and/or the former ECSC pension 
fund, also specifying that - for subsequent years - the actual annual appropriation would 
be established each year at the same time as the ECSC operating budget for the following 
year. On 21 December 1993 the Commission adopted the ECSC operating budget for 
1994, which provides an appropriation of ECU 17 million for the second year of the 12th 
programme. 
On 17 December 1993 the Council gave its assent, pursuant to Article 54(2) of the ECSC 
Treaty10, to the appropriations decided by the Commission for 1993 and 1994. Following 
that assent the Guidelines were published11 and the Commission was able to begin the 
9 
10 
11 cf. COM(94) 269 final 
SEC(93) 1175 final 
OJC 21 of 25.01.1994 
OJC 19 of 22.01.1994 
14 
practical work of implementing the programme, deciding the allocation of the funds12 and 
adopting award criteria for all the Regional Committees. 
In the 12th programme the Commission intends to answer some of the criticisms made 
by the Regional Committees concerning some practical aspects of the management of 
these programmes. In particular, it intends to: 
introduce a more flexible system for the conclusion of loan agreements with 
financial intermediaries and payment of the funds allocated; 
decentralise and further simplify the processing of applications and awards. 
12 SEC(94) 857 
15 


ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(94) 578 final 
DOCUMENTS 
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ISBN 92-77-83307-6 
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