COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
Brussels, 23.07.1997 
COM(97) 390 final 
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION 
ON 
THE SOCIAL AND LABOUR MARKET DIMENSION 
OF THE 
INFORMATION SOCIETY 
People First - The Next Steps 

The Social and Labour Market Dimension 
of the Information Society 
People First - The Next Steps 
CONTENTS 
Executive Summary 
I. People First - the next steps : the purpose of this Communication 
II. An Information Society for All 
1. Access to the Information Society : public policies can make the 
difference 
2. Enhancing Democracy and Public Services 
3. Information Society for gender equality 
4. Technology for the benefit of people with disabilities 
5. Supporting the development of healthcare systems 
III. Working in the Information Society 
1. Flexibility and security: getting the right balance 
2. Data protection of employees 
3. Creating an adequate framework for telework 
4. Supporting Social Dialogue as an instrument for change 
5. Health and Safety at work 
IV. Turning the opportunities into jobs 
1. Understanding the changes in employment and production 
2. Exploiting the potential for new jobs 
3. Skills for living and working 
4. ICT and the modernising of Public Employment Services 
V. The Social Dimension of the Information Society - the way forward 
Annexe: Glossary of acronyms 
Executive Summary 
The Information Society represents one of the most fundamental changes of our time 
with enormous opportunities for society as a whole. But the scale and pace of change 
also present challenges for individuals and certain groups of citizens and regions. 
Therefore, the social and labour market dimensions of the Information Society need 
greater prominence within public debate and public policy, as pointed out in the 
Commission's Agenda 2000. 
In order to underline the importance of the social dimension, the Commission appointed 
in 1995 a High Level Experts Group and an Information Society Forum. The Commission 
presented in 1996 a Green Paper Living and Working in the Information Society: People 
First as an invitation to political, social and civil dialogue. The Green Paper produced a 
sustained debate on the social and labour market issues and stressed the need for 
integrated policy responses across different areas of government. 
This Communication summarises the progress made to integrate the social dimension 
into the development of policies for the Information Society and presents the challenges 
that lie ahead in reconciling social, economic and technological goals. It forms part of 
the rolling action plan Europe at the Forefront of the Global Information Society. It has 
three main purposes: to increase awareness of the social implications of the Information 
Society, to build in an Information Society dimension, where appropriate, into social 
policies and actions, and to identify specific actions designed to maximise the 
contribution of the Information Society to promoting employment and inclusion. 
1. Common principles for the development of the Information Society 
The Green Paper People First proposed a set of common principles, based on the ideas 
and values which have shaped the European Union, to guide the public policies for the 
Information Society. These principles were broadly supported during the consultation 
process. The Commission suggests that public policies in the Information Society field 
should have as basic aims to 
• improve access to information 
• enhance democracy and social justice 
• promote employability and lifelong learning 
• strengthen the capacity of the EU economy to achieve high and sustainable growth 
and employment 
• achieve and enhance equal opportunity between men and women 
• promote inclusion and support people with special needs and those lacking 
opportunities to improve their position 
• improve the quality and efficiency of public administration. 
2. Access to ICT in learning, working and living 
Access to the tools of the Information Society is of fundamental importance for 
achieving the goals of equity and efficiency set out above. Access has different 
dimensions: availability, continuity, affordability, accessibility and awareness. How well 
these dimensions are dealt with will tilt the balance towards an inclusive or exclusive 
society. Public policies can make the difference. The Commission therefore urges that 
the Member States make access a main objective in the development of national 
information strategies. The Commission will address this issue in its forthcoming review 
of the scope, quality, level, and affordability of universal service. It will also organise 
exchange of experience, discussions, evaluation and benchmarking of strategies and 
policies in particular those facilitating access. In line with the views expressed by the 
European Parliament, the Commission will invite collaboration with the other Community 
Institutions to draw up a communication strategy facilitating access to public 
information. The question of gender balance in the Information Society must be given 
more attention to ensure that the potential benefits are equally shared and to avoid the 
risk of reinforcing existing segregations. The Commission will further develop initiatives 
at various levels to improve access to ICT for people with disability and to promote 
awareness of the potential of ICT to improve health systems. The Commission has 
proposed that the creation of a user-friendly Information Society be one of the key 
objectives of the forthcoming 5th RTD Framework Programme. 
3. Flexibility and security in working life 
ICT offer great potential for improved productivity and thereby prosperity through new 
ways of work organisation. The Green Paper People First introduced the concept of a 
new balance between flexibility for enterprises and security for workers as a basis for 
such a modern organisation of work. The Commission has taken this idea forward 
through the new Green Paper on Partnership for a New Organisation of Work in order to 
stimulate the social partners to develop a framework for a more productive, participative 
and learning organisation of work. Parallel with this debate, the Commission has 
proposed to strengthen European research on new organisation of work under the 5th 
RTD Framework Programme. A European network of national institutes in this field will 
be developed. The Commission will present a Communication in 1998 analysing the 
situation regarding the privacy of data on employees. The Commission will initiate 
consultations with the social partners regarding the framework for developing telework; 
and enhance the role of social dialogue to facilitate structural change and develop ICT as 
a tool for policies for health and safety at work. 
4. Employability for more and better jobs 
The creation of more and better jobs is one of the most pressing needs for the Member 
States in the EU. Modernisation of the economies and improvement of productivity are 
prerequisites. The use of ICT is a key question. However, a fundamental structural 
obstacle for employment growth is the slow adjustment of skills to new economic and 
technological structures. This is why the European employment strategy, reinforced by 
the European Council in Amsterdam, increasingly emphasises employability as a key to 
improve the functioning of the labour markets. A new culture of life-long education, 
training and learning is required, supported by selective restructuring of public 
expenditures in favour of investment in human resources. The Commission will continue 
to support human resource investment through Objective 4 of the European Social Fund 
Information and Communication Technologies. 
and the Community Initiative ADAPT. A further allocation of 162 MECU has been made 
for the purpose of Building the Information Society (ADAPT-BIS) for the period 1997-99. 
The Commission is also supporting measures to exploit the employment potential of the 
social economy. To improve the functioning of the labour market the Commission will 
encourage the development and use of ICT to modernise Public Employment Services 
and the linking of national vacancy systems via EURES. 
5. Action at national, European and international level 
The last chapter summarises how the Commission will strengthen the social dimension 
through action at all levels: 
• at national and regional level, where the Commission will provide support to the 
Member States to integrate a strong social dimension in the ongoing development of 
their Information Society strategies 
• at Community level, where the Commission will mainstream the social dimension in 
all relevant Community policies and exploit the potential of the ICT as a tool in 
employment and social policies 
• at international level, where the Commission will promote in the appropriate 
international fora the development and use of technologies which can help improve 
social cohesion and the improvement of living, learning and working conditions for all 
groups in society. 
I. People First - the next steps: the purpose of this Communication 
1. The development of the Information Society offers enormous opportunities to improve the way in 
which Europeans live and work. But the scale and pace of technological change in an increasingly 
global economy also present a number of challenges for our societies. The process of change has to 
be managed in a way that promotes trust and confidence in the possibilities of the Information 
Society to improve people's quality of life. The Commission highlighted the importance of these 
issues in its 1994 Action Plan Europe's way to the Information Society, and in July 1996 presented 
a Green Paper Living and Working in the Infonnation Society: People Firsi. 
2. The Green Paper sought comments on how best to reap the full benefits of the Information Society, 
in particular in the areas of work organisation, employment, and social cohesion, and invited 
reflection on a set of common principles for the development of the Information Society in Europe. It 
also drew on the work of two independent groups set up by the Commission: a High Level Group of 
Experts (HLGE) on the social aspects of the Information Society and a broadly based Information 
Society Forum (ISF). The first reports of both groups were published as complements to the Green 
Paper, and in April 1997 the HLGE presented its Final Report , which underpins this Communication. 
3. The consultation process - which was officially launched at a Colloquium in Dublin in September 
19964 - triggered a lively debate at three interrelated levels: political dialogue, social dialogue, and 
civil dialogue. In total, more than 130 responses were submitted5, of which more than 40% came 
from Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). The debate has demonstrated broad agreement 
around the following points: 
• if the Information Society is to be to the benefit of all, it needs to develop with a strong social 
dimension, not only integrating social policy into the Information Society, but also using the 
Information Society as a tool to promote a more inclusive and learning society; 
• particular attention is needed to avoid the risk that the Information Society might exacerbate 
existing divisions within society. People are concerned about how it will affect their jobs and 
about the risks of creating a society of information "haves" and "have nots"; 
• while the move to the Information Society is essentially market-driven, public authorities have an 
important role to play in shaping this process, striking a balance between policies to enhance 
equality of opportunity and security and policies to promote flexibility and adaptability; 
• while prime responsibility rests with the Member States, the EU has an important role to play. 
4. This Communication - which forms part of the Commission's Rolling Action Plan Europe at the 
Forefront of the Global Information Society - sets out the Commission's strategy to further develop 
the social dimension of the Information Society, in particular in the context of Agenda 2000. It has 
three main purposes: 
• to co-ordinate the process of increasing awareness of the labour market and social implications of 
the Information Society; 
• to build in an Information Society dimension, where appropriate, into social policies and actions, 
especially at European level; 
• to identify specific actions designed to maximise the contribution of the Information Society to 
promoting employment and social inclusion. 
1 The regional dimension of the Information Society has been covered in the Commission Communication Cohesion and the 
Information Society COM ( 97) 7. 
2 Building the Information Society for Us All. First Reflections of the High Level Group of Experts, January 1996; Networks for 
People and their Communities. First Annual Report from the Information Society Forum. June 1996. 
3 Bui/ding the Information Society for Us All. Final Report of the High Level Group of Experts, April 1997. 
4 The documents Report on the Dub/in Colloquium and Source Document on the Dublin Colloquium present a summary and the 
details of the discussions held during the Conference, in situ and in the web site created for this occasion. 
5 A detailed account of the responses officially submitted will be published by the Commission as a separate document. 
25,000 printed copies were distributed, and the web site was accessed about 20,000 times. 
6 COM (96)607 
1 
5. In particular, it builds on the common principles set out in the Green Paper - and broadly supported 
during the consultation - which suggested that public policies for the Information Society should 
have as basic aims to: 
• facilitate access to information; 
• enhance democracy and social justice; 
• promote employability and lifelong learning; 
• strengthen the capacity of the EU economy to achieve high and sustainable growth and 
employment; 
• achieve and enhance equal opportunity between men and women; 
• promote inclusion and support people with special needs and those lacking opportunities to 
improve their position; 
• improve the quality and efficiency of public administration. 
6. Member States have the main policy responsibilities for the matters addressed in this 
Communication. During the consultation the Commission held meetings with the Member States to 
exchange information about current initiatives. A significant number have developed strategic plans 
or programmes for the Information Society , a further group are drafting green papers which should 
be followed by concrete action plans8 and the rest have initiatives, projects or programmes 
promoting research or the implementation of applications in particular areas. The main social aspects 
considered relate to access, education and training, electronic access to Government information, 
preservation of cultural heritage and demonstration projects of applications of public interest. 
7. The co-existence of local, regional, national and European strategies and initiatives calls for 
complementarity and co-ordination of the different actions. The Commission, for its part, through its 
own strategy and programmes, can contribute to the development of the social dimension of the 
Information Society by: 
• supporting the Member States in developing and implementing their strategies and programmes; 
• taking specific initiatives in its areas of responsibility; 
• taking account of the Information Society within social policy and other policies; 
• ensuring that social needs are fully taken into consideration in the Community RTD programmes9; 
• acting at international level. 
8. The European Strategy for the Information Society established in 1994 has already been proved 
successful and has had a strong impact in many policy areas, both at European and national level. In 
order to grasp the opportunities offered by the Information Society, the Commission believes that the 
social dimension needs to be further strengthened. That was the stimulus behind the Green Paper 
People First. This Communication sets out the Commission's future strategy in this area. 
H. An Information Society for All 
11.1 Access to the Information Society: public policies can make the difference 
9. In order to reap both the economic and social benefits of technological progress and to improve 
people's quality of life, the Information Society must be based on the principles of equal 
opportunities, participation and integration of all. This can only happen if everybody has access to at 
least a basic set of the new services and applications offered by the Information Society. Access has 
different dimensions: availability, continuity, affordability, accessibility, and awareness. How well 
Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Finland, Sweeden and United Kingdom. 
Spain, Portugal and Austria. 
The Commission has proposed that one of the technological and scientific objectives of the forthcoming 5th RTD Framework 
Programme be the creation of a user-friendly Information Society. 
these dimensions are dealt with will tilt the balance towards an inclusive or an exclusive society. 
Public policies can make the difference. 
10. Modern infrastructure, applications and services should be available at affordable prices. Industry will 
maximise its efforts in this respect if Governments provide an adequate regulatory framework which 
promotes fair competition and innovation. For this to happen, Member States must respect the 
timetable agreed for the liberalisation of telecommunication markets, which will increase the 
competitiveness of the télécoms sector and of the economy as a whole, opening up new 
opportunities for the private sector to deliver new applications and services. In order to ensure that 
all regions benefit from the liberalisation process, the Commission has recommended that Member 
States give priority to the completion and upgrading of telecom networks and supplement them with 
demand stimulation measures . 
11. The Commission has also encouraged Member States to reflect on the scope of universal service 
and on the concept of public access. The inclusion by the Amsterdam Treaty of a new article on 
services of general economic interest underlines the importance of this issue, in particular for 
disadvantaged groups and those living in rural and peripheral regions. Technological development and 
liberalisation processes have reduced dramatically the cost of storing, processing and transmission of 
data. However the price of communications and ICT hardware and software can still be a barrier. 
The availability of personal computers and Internet access in the home remains predominantly the 
preserve of those with higher income and educational attainment levels. 
12. This rapidly changing technological context means that universal service is a dynamic and evolving 
concept which must be kept under review if it is to respond to people's needs and expectations. 
Access to advanced services and applications through public access points such as libraries, 
schools, and other community meeting points is regarded by some as a proxy to universal services. 
In a similar vein, the HLGE recommends investigation of the concept of "universal community 
service", extending universal service provision so as to incorporate a basic level of access to new 
information services, but limiting its universality obligation to some institutions. Furthermore, the 
Competitiveness Advisory Group has recommended the creation of knowledge resource centres to 
facilitate access to knowledge on the new technologies and the skills required11. 
13. Equal access is predicated on accessibility. IT hardware and services should be designed in such a 
way that they do not discriminate against certain groups, raising barriers and excluding them from 
their use. The concept of "universal design" may provide ways forward12 and research programmes 
and industry should strengthen their efforts to address the barriers presented by inappropriate 
design. More generally, the user-friendliness of software and hardware is decisive, especially for 
elderly people who may face problems in accessing the new technological environment. For instance 
accessing the Internet via TV could enable many more people to use the new services of the 
Information Society. 
14. Access also depends on people's awareness of the possibilities offered by the Information Society. 
Effective and equitable awareness-building requires that people are trained in the use of the new 
technologies and that ICT be introduced into our educational systems, especially in schools. There is 
some evidence of low public awareness of the technologies and how to participate in the 
Information Society, particularly among women, unemployed and non-office workers. Raising ICT 
awareness among older people is becoming increasingly important, in particular in the context of 
demographic trends, lifelong learning and the establishment of flexible paths of transition from work 
to retirement. Some Member States are targeting particular groups through awareness campaigns. 
The Commission's recent call for proposals of the multiannual programme on Information Society 
Communication from the Commission Cohesion and the Information Society, COM (97) 7 
1 Enhancing European Competitiveness. Competitiveness Advisory Group, December 1995. 
2 For instance, the Danish Government is developing pilot activities for promoting co-operation to develop "universal design" 
IT products and services. 
focuses on studies, demonstration actions and other accompanying measures including actions 
13 
targeted at specific social groups . 
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U.2. Enhancing Democracy and Public Services 
15. The advent of network based communications such as the Internet has allowed much simpler and 
cheaper dissemination of information, allowing local, regional, national, and international 
communication to flourish alongside more traditional forms of mass media. However, the 
development and image of a vigorous Information Society will be hampered if existing standards and 
practice in the public media are flouted, for example by undermining pluralism, or by permitting 
uncontrolled access to violent, racist, or pornographic material on the Internet. The Commission has 
addressed this latter issue in its Green Paper on the protection of minors and human dignity in the 
information and audio-visual services and in its Communication on illegal and harmful content on 
the Internet15. 
16. There is also the issue of open government and the way public policies can exploit the potential of 
ICT to support democratic processes and rights, for example by developing electronic democracy, 
enhancing access to public documentation, and by developing specific services for groups lacking 
ready access to information (eg migrant workers and their dependants). The benefits of including the 
European institutions in open government initiatives would be substantial and therefore specific pilot 
initiatives should be launched. Public info-kiosks and access points can play a vital role in bridging the 
gap in providing access to information for public service purposes. Closer and more effective 
interaction with government at local and regional level may be one of the most rapid ways of 
demonstrating the potential of the Information Society. Some regions and localities have already 
formed networks to learn, to inform and to exchange developments. Initiatives such as IRIS 
Initiative16, the RISI17 pilot projects and the Bangemann Challenge^8 competition have contributed 
substantially to raising awareness and to dissemination of good practice examples. 
17. The Commission is preparing a Green Paper on Access to and Exploitation of Public Sector 
Information to stimulate discussion on the options for Community policy action to ensure the respect 
of the rights of people to have access to public sector information and the conditions for commercial 
J Cf. Call for Proposals 97/C 148 / 07 of the Commission. O.J. N° C 148/1 5 of 1 6.5.97. 
1 COM (96) 486 
'[ COM (96) 487 
3 Inter-Regional Information Society Initiative, gathering Valencia, Piamonte, Central Macedonia, Saxony, Nord Pas-de-Calais 
and North West England, to build strategies for shaping the Information Society in these regions and exchange experiences. 
Regional Information Society Initiative projects carried out in the framework of article 6 of the European Social Fund 
Regulation and article 10 of the European Regional Development Fund Regulation. 
3 Competition in the use of information technologies in cities of similar size, launched by the City of Stockholm in 1994. 
18. 
19. use and exploitation. The Commission is carrying out activities under various programmes (e.g. 
IDA19, lnfo-2000 and other programmes within the RTD Framework Programmes) to contribute to 
developing telematic applications for public administrations. 
Objective: Promote innovative use of ICT Irt publie services arid encourage nigh standards af 
practice ma «ornent wrthb Imernet-based data and «©vices 
Afey actions: The Commission wilt: 
• collaborate, following the views of the European Parliament,20 with the other 
European Institutions to draw up a communication and information strategy to 
facilitate access to the institutions for the public and orgar»satk*ns; 
» invite Member $tate$, following the Council Resolution of 17 February 19&721, 
to encourage systems of self«regulation to safeguard against harmful material 
on the Internet - co-ordinating at EU level exchange of best practice and the 
promotion of research on techniques to support the work of such organisations; 
* present in the first half of 1998, following the debate on the Access to and 
Exploitation of Public Sector Information Green Paper, a Communication with 
proposals for action. 
11.3. Information Society for gender equality 
The Information Society provides a real opportunity to promote gender equality and reshape working 
and everyday life. However, greater efforts need to be made to ensure that the potential benefits are 
realised and to avoid the risk of reinforcing existing types of segregation. At present, as a relatively 
low number of women pursue studies in science and technology, women have less chances to reap 
the employment benefits of new technologies (e.g. in terms of high-skilled jobs in the ICT industries, 
where women are underrepresented). This requires further efforts to promote familiarialisation with 
ICT in schools in ways that are not gender biased and to boost skills levels (see section IV.3), while 
also promoting flexibility in working time and security for workers . 
ICT can also contribute to the dissemination of a more positive and diversified image of women, help 
to change mentalities, and assist women to participate more actively in the production of 
information. Projects within the 4th Community Action Programme on Equal Opportunities23 include 
the creation of European databanks on women experts and women in decision-making, the use of 
ICT as a teaching tool for disadvantaged women, and the use of Internet to raise awareness of 
gender equality.. 
objective: " ^N^^N^vii^^iiiB^ ^^8,ïi^^^|]MiN, .^fe^^W^^^^f^lft^^^l^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^R 
Key actions: The Commission with 
# invite the Advisory Committee on Equal Opportunities to advise on how to 
further integrate the Information Society in the 4th Action Programme, drawing 
in particular on the £MPLOYM£NT-NOW Corimunhy Initiative; 
» organise a round table with business to assess the gender equality implications 
of the information Society and present its conclusions at the forthcoming 
European Conference on the gender dimension of Structural Funds activity; 
* promote the development of websites of projects financed by the 4th Action 
19 Community Programme for Telematic Interchange of Data between Administrations, 1995-1997. This programme supports 
projects such as EURES (European Employment Services), TESS (Telematics for Social Security) and EUPHIN (European Union 
Public Helath Information Network). 
20 Report of the European Parliament on the Communications of the Commission The Information Society: From Corfu to 
Dublin and Europe at the Forciront of the Global Information Society: Rolling Action Plan. PE 221.848/fin. 
21 O.J. C70 of 6 March 1997 
22 Social Partners have adopted on 6 June 1997 a European Framework Agreement on Part Time Work to eliminate 
discrimination against part-time workers. 
23 Council Decision of 22.12.95, O.J. L 335 of 31.12.1995 
/). 
programme and networking with projects funded by other Community 
programmes; 
» organise in the second half of 1937 a Conference with the European Parliament 
on the role of women In science, 
11.4. Technology for the benefit of people with disabilities 
20. The Green Paper emphasised how ICT should be used to promote better a quality of life and equal 
opportunities for people with disabilities. The last decade has seen the development of both 
applications specific to the needs of people with disabilities and more general-purpose applications 
of particular relevance for these groups. These applications have provided new opportunities for 
access to remote services (e.g. telemedecine), for carrying out transactions from home (e.g. 
teleshopping), for new forms of participation (e.g. distance learning and teleworking) and for 
interpersonal communication (e.g. videotelephony). A spectacular example of this is the relay-
services system which translates in both directions - text to voice and voice to text. Relay services 
have been widely implemented in the US as a service obligation and allow deaf people or people 
with a speech impairment to communicate with others. From a regulatory point of view, it is 
necessary to consider as much as possible the specific needs of disabled people with respect to 
universal service provision. 
21. Particularly important challenges in this area are the cost of developing access software for use both 
by individuals and by public information providers and the nature and format of information provision 
which often discriminate against those with sight problems or learning difficulties. It is also important 
that creative and flexible approaches to ICT service provision and development be put into place. 
The Commission has mandated24 an internal ad-hoc group to examine the scope for a special 
initiative at European level, building on past experience of ICT applications in favour of people with 
disabilities. The Commission has proposed that the forthcoming 5th RTD Framework Programme 
include actions focused on the social integration of people with disabilities. 
Objective: Promote access and fufl It 
Key actions: The Commission wïil take an initiative to: 
• promote collaboration between industry, research bodies and users' 
representatives (notably the European Disability Forum* to develop 
specifications adapted to people with disabilities and to contribute to the 
transformation of the results of RTD into affordable products, and to provide 
advisory and training support to assist their take-up; 
* examine, in the forthcoming review of the universal service, what services 
should be included within the definition of universal services to meet the needs 
of people with disabilities and how this might evolve over timej; 
» continue to promote projects relating to people with disabilities in the context of 
the Multiannual programme on Information Society; 
• build up the co-operation in this area being launched within the framework of 
the Transatlantic Agenda, 
11.5. Supporting the development of health care systems 
22. The use of ICT is radically transforming health care technologies and is helping to improve 
diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. Uses are rapidly emerging in the identification of scattered 
cases of communicable diseases, epidemiological monitoring, and the provision of medical 
expertise to patients living in remote areas. Other examples of its use are in providing more 
24 Commission's Communication on Equality of Opportunity for People with Disabilities . COM (96) 406. 
6 
information for self-care and home-care. However, it remains essential to avoid the risks of 
depersonalising the relationship between the patient and the care-giver, as the HLGE has 
emphasised. 
23. The increasing use of ICT can also contribute to a downward pressure on costs and to improve 
quality control standards. This requires the involvement of health care staff, the re-assessment of 
staff skills, and the development of standards. Of particular importance in the health care sector is 
the need to ensure that data protection is safeguarded especially as concerns health records and 
ethical standards. The issues of professional responsibility and the liability associated with it also 
need to be taken into account. 
24. The Community 4th RTD Framework Programme is currently supporting more than 100 projects 
concerning healthcare telematic applications ranging from telematics assisted co-operative work for 
healthcare professionals and information for citizens to telediagnosis, teleconsultation and 
emergency medicine. The Commission has proposed that the 5th RTD Framework Programme will 
give priority to the development of computerised medical systems and secure high-capacity health 
networks. The Commission is also giving active consideration to the health implications of 
radiomagnetic radiation from mobile communications. These activities are supplemented by the 
feasibility studies connected to the G7 Global Healthcare Applications Projects . The Commission 
has recently issued a request to the three European standards bodies to elaborate and execute a 
common work programme for standards in order to accelerate the development of ICT technologies 
in the health sector. 
Objective: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^i^})'^. ' ' 
Key actions: the Commission will: 
» draw up a report to assess the health implications of the Information Society, 
including a review of RTD in this area and means of pooling the results; 
* exploit and disseminate the results of health-related research undertaken within 
the Community RTD Framework Programmes, notably in areas such as 
telematic applications and the health implications of mobile communications; 
9 use ICT to develop a Community-wide network for a) sharing health data aimed 
at identifying trends in the incidence of disease, assessing the effects of public 
health policies and exchange information on threats to public health; and b} 
disseminating and supporting European public health programmes; 
• strengthen international co-operation to ensure that the G-7 pilot projects are 
given adequate continuation. 
III. Working in the Information Society 
111.1. Flexibility and Security: Getting the right balance 
25. The Information Society is provoking profound changes in the organisation of firms. However, the 
introduction of new technology does not automatically lead to improved performance. There is 
evidence that the successful introduction of ICT requires an integrated approach, combining the 
introduction of ICT with organisational transformation and the development of human resources. 
One of the key messages of the Green Paper People First was the need to have a well-informed 
debate on the modernisation of working life, and in particular on how to achieve a new balance 
between flexibility and security. 
26. The consultation process has shown that employees and trade unions are concerned that the 
introduction of ICT and new forms of work organisation might result in greater job insecurity and 
International harmonisation of data cards in healthcare, a 24-hour multilingual and multidisciplinary telemedicine surveillance and 
emergency service around the world 
lower labour standards and stress the need to ensure that people's rights are respected and 
protected. Particular concern has been expressed for groups of workers (e.g. low-skilled workers, 
teleworkers and women generally). Some have pointed out that highly skilled workers (e.g. computer 
programmers) can also be affected as ICT enable outsourcing of tasks to other parts of the world. 
The process of adapting the workforce to the requirements and pressures of the Information Society 
has to be matched by the involvement of workers in designing, selecting, and applying technologies 
and organisational change. 
27. The Commission's Green Paper on Partnership fora New Organisation of Work26 draws attention to 
how new forms of work organisation can make an important contribution to a more competitive 
economy. The Commission has further contributed to the rethinking of the institutions of working life 
through the Communication Modernising and Improving Social Protection in the European Union 21. 
Objective 4, the ADAPT Community Initiative (including its enhanced Information Society 
component ADAPT-BIS) and the LEONARDO programme support the introduction of new forms of 
work organisation by training workers and managers, upgrading their technical skills, helping SMEs 
to introduce new managerial concepts favouring innovation, developing tools for skills anticipation on 
which to base human resources development policies and improving the training support structures 
and systems. The Commission's First Action Plan for Innovation in Europe Innovation for Growth 
and Employment28 has launched a series of transnational pilot actions to explore best practice in 
management and training fields as well as training schemes for innovation management to 
encourage new forms of business organisation. 
Objective: ^S^K^^^^^^^Ê^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Êê^Ê^Ê^^t 
Key actions: the Commission wiil; 
» present in the first half of 1998, following the debate on Partnership for a New 
Organisation of Work Green Paper, proposals for action; 
• monitor, in partnership with Member States, ESF programming across all 
structural funds objectives and the Community Initiatives EMPLOYMENT and 
ADAPT to ensure that work organisation is fuliy mainstreamed, and will take 
account of the results of this when drawing up proposals for the revision of the 
Structural Funds; 
» develop a European network - involving specialist practitioners m this field, such 
as the Acteur Group29, and the European Foundation for the Improvement of 
Living and Working Conditions - with a view to strengthening European 
organisational R&D, identifying and exchanging good practice, promoting co­
operation, and supporting lagging sectors and regions; 
• propose to undertake, within the RTD Framework Programmes and the 
Innovation Action Plan, further research on new methods of work organisation 
and production. 
111.2. Protection of data on employees 
28. ICT has made it easier to store, process and access information than ever before. Continuous 
SL7.?-7L*ion and collection of data concerning different aspects of the worker's activities, possibly 
without their knowledge, is feasible, whether for security reasons or for measuring and improving 
productivity. However, ICT also provide an enormous potential for collecting and processing data on 
worker's personal behaviour, activities and characteristics, with serious implications in case of 
inappropriate use of data. 
16 COM (97} 128 
11 COM (97) 102. 
28 COM (96) 589 
23 The Acteur Group is an informal group meeting yes:ly to exchange experience on the development of new forms of work 
orpr?n;s3tion. with members drswn from nationa! institutes concerned with working conditions and organisational change. 
29. In all Member States comprehensive laws aim to protect individuals and their fundamental rights 
with regard to the processing of personal data. At Community level Directive 95/46/EC harmonises 
such laws with the aim of removing obstacles to the free movement of personal information while 
ensuring a high level of protection of fundamental rights and in particular of the right to privacy. 
However, some issues, such as the processing of data on employees' health, the role of workers' 
representatives or the use of technical monitoring devices, may need to be further examined in order 
to assess specific needs of protection for employees. Current national laws provide for a rather 
fragmentary set of rules relating specifically to processing of employees' data. 
Objective: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^S^^Sï: 
Key actions: The Commission wi: 
• present in the first half of 1998 a Communication analysing the situation 
concerning the protection of the rights and freedoms of workers, in particular 
the right to privacy with regard to the processing of data and the use of 
technical monitoring devices; 
• encourage privacy; enhancing technologies in the context of the 5th RTD 
framework Programme, 
III.3. Creating an adequate framework for telework 
30. Beyond the popular image of teleworkers as people working at home linked through ICT to their 
employer, telework also embraces forms such as multisite-teleworking, free-lance teleworkers, 
mobile teleworking, and telework. Teleworking offers a wide range of potential advantages for 
individuals, businesses and society. However, the penetration of telework is still below the initial 
30 
expectations. This contrasts with an apparently high and rising interest of people in telework . 
Some Governments have introduced pilot schemes to experiment with the use of telework in public 
administration (e.g. The Netherlands, Sweden and Italy). 
31. In 1996, the Commission undertook, in co-operation with the European Foundation for the 
Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, comparative research on the national labour law, 
health and safety and social security regulations and collective bargaining practices on telework. 
There appears to be no common legal definition of telework and there is almost no specific 
legislation. Some forms of telework are subject to general laws, others to specific regulations 
governing homework or the self-employed. In a few cases collective agreements have been 
concluded and in others, individual agreements, both written and informal, deal with a number of 
telework issues. Both the HLGE and the Information Society Forum have recommended that 
Member States clarify the legal and fiscal status of the various forms of teleworking and make a 
coherent adaptation of the social and legal framework. The consultation process revealed that there 
is still a need to learn more about the impact and consequences of telework 
Objective: To Improve the conditions lor the development of telewwfc 
Key actions: The Commission will : 
« initiate, in the first tiaif of 1998, consultations with the Socia! Partners OP. 
whether a/:d to whst extent Community action on the protection o* ralewo- vr i 
is advisable; 
* continue- tc co-operate with =he European Foundation for the improvernert of 
Liv.og and Working Cordftiorvs to jndertake tesearch on working cor.aiticr-s o' 
teleworkers; 
• propose to enhance the roie of research on technologies supporting telework 
and the related social and employment implications in the 5th RTD Framework 
It was estimated that in 1994 there were about 1.25 million teleworkers in Europe (EUR-12), about 1.21% of the European 
workforce (Final Report of the TELDET project. Empirica and Work Research Centre. July 1995). The same project reported 
that over 40% of Europeans were interested in taking up teleworking, more than doubling the interest shown in the 1 980s. 
It, 
Programme; 
• continue to support awareness raising activities on telework; 
» study Now teiework can be promoted within the Commission-
Ill .4. Supporting Social Dialogue as an instrument for change 
32. The consultation process, in line with the Green Paper, has shown a clear consensus about the 
importance of maintaining fair, participative and productive social dialogue in the Information Society. 
However, the nature of social dialogue is being fundamentally altered in the Information Society. 
Increasingly, the social partners no longer operate within traditional collective bargaining systems due 
to the emergence of flexible production systems, the globalisation of markets and production and the 
convergence of traditionally separated industries. Information, consultation and negotiation should be 
at the level at which industrial policy decisions are taken, but also at levels and in ways that take 
into account the increasingly used new forms of work organisation. In this context, the European 
Works Council Directive31 sets a framework for EU level consultation, and the Commission has 
recently launched a first stage consultation with the social partners with a view to establishing a 
legally binding Community framework on information and consultation procedures at national level 
which will complete and make more coherent the Community legislation in this field. 
32 
33. The Commission's Communication on the development of the social dialogue emphasised that 
employment, flexibility at work and working conditions should be among the future priorities of the 
social dialogue. The Commission will encourage the social partners to enhance the role of European 
social dialogue as a forum for exchange of experience favouring the implementation of integrated 
approaches to structural change in the workplace based on principles of organisational innovation, 
technological innovation, human resources development, and employment creation. The current re­
structuring of the telecommunications sector - where the Joint Committee on Telecommunications is 
working toward a framework agreement - provides a good example of the nature and pace of the 
changes underway and how the social dialogue can help smooth the process. 
34. The HLGE has recommended that ICT facilities should be made available to Social Partners to 
improve communication processes, enhancing employee participation and involvement in change. 
The Commission is already supporting several projects promoting the use of telematic applications 
by the Social Partners33 as well as awareness and training actions in the use and effects of ICT34. 
The Information Society Forum has started also a process of involving Social Partners in their 
discussions on the future of Information Society in Europe and on the priorities to be set. 
Objective: §||||^ 
Key actions: "^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
|||||i::ba$is^fol;pi|ol{h^ 
]|||p^ awàréhéss; 
||||f|pif j$^ 
Jl Council Directive 94/45/EC of 22 September 1994 :)n the establishment of a European Works Council. 
32 COlv '9G) 44C 
33 " i ^ "i. i ces Director Network' on the Internet and ESDO - Européen Social Dialogue or L ne. 
34 ; activities under Article 6.1 .d o the European Social Fu'ic' ^n"' • ,r '<!" •RD 
III.5. Health and Safety at Work 
35. There is now a considerable body of Community legislation on health and safety at work. Several 
directives apply, inter alia, to ICT, and the directive on visual display screen equipment is specific 
to this field. Of particular importance is the framework Directive 89/391/EEC which places a 
number of obligations on both employers and workers. In order to fulfil these obligations, 
employers must have access to the most up-to-date information available. In this context the 
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work in Bilbao will promote access, through its Internet 
network with "focal points" in Member States and international organisations, to a wide range of 
relevant information on health and safety at work. 
36. ICT can assist the correct implementation of Community health and safety legislation and the 
collection and policy evaluation of health and safety data. However, access to information 
through ICT is not sufficient in itself and the development of appropriate software and interactive 
multimedia applications could be of considerable help in the pursuit of these aims. The 1996 
Brussels Conference on the use of ICT on health and safety at work identified the marketing of 
multimedia products and the stimulation of research on standards for their information content as 
two major challenges. 
37. The current estimated use of ICT by 38% of all workers will continue to grow. This increased use 
will promote a more efficient, more challenging and safer workplace. Nonetheless, there are 
adverse impacts of ICT, such as growing stress, and poor ergonomics leading to musculo-skeletal 
disorders. These issues have already been identified by the Commission as priorities for action. 
Objective: WKÊ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^SÊ^^^^^^^^Ê^^^^^K'^ 
Key action: The Commission will : 
• develop» together with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, a 
telematic network linking the Agency with focal points in each Member State to 
allow access to a wide-range of information on occupational health and safety; 
* examine how the collection and processing of health and safety data and their 
use can be improved, and make appropriate proposals; 
« examine how to stimulate the marketing of multimedia products on health and 
safety at work. 
IV. Turning the opportunities into Jobs 
IV. 1. Understanding the changes in employment and production 
38. The creation of jobs in order to reduce unemployment and increase the employment rate is one of 
the most pressing needs for the EU. An integrated strategy for growth and employment has been 
developed at EU level since the 1994 Essen European Council. This process was given a strong 
political impetus at the Amsterdam Summit, where an employment chapter was introduced in the 
Treaty. The employment strategy is based on policies promoting a sustainable, non-inflationary 
growth, macroeconomic environment and structural policies strengthening competitiveness. It gives 
a priority to the employability of people. 
39. The various facets of the Information Society are strongly interlinked with this employment strategy. 
The introduction of ICT together with organisational changes, in the context of a globalised 
economy, are driving forces for productivity gains and thereby for higher profits and real wages, 
which form the basis for further new demand and new employment. Employment is also affected 
through the changes in demand for more and broader skills and for fewer unskilled people. The more 
effective the transformation of profits into new investment and from old skills to new skills, the 
11 
M 
stronger the employment growth and the quicker the reduction of unemployment. A fundamental 
structural problem in Europe is the slow adjustment of skills to new economic structures (the two-
speed labour market), which can explain the slow economic growth. This is why the European 
employment strategy increasingly emphasises employability as one key element to improve the 
adjustments of labour markets and the creation of employment. 
40. The consultation has revealed that there is a firm demand in Europe for establishing clearer analysis 
on how the transition towards the Information Society will impact on labour markets. The diverse 
trends in overall employment growth and decline patterns between regions (especially peripheral), 
sectors, and occupational groups need to be clearly identified to support a more effective 
management of the job transformation process. 
41. The sectoral structure of employment in Europe has changed radically and services account 
nowadays for about 65% of total employment in Europe whereas only twenty years ago it 
accounted for less than 50%. The HLGE has drawn attention to the challenge that this 
"dematerialisation" of the economy is placing on our conceptual frameworks and statistical systems. 
The HLGE has also said that the shift from manufacturing towards service activities raises 
"fundamental issues about where value is being created and how it can be extracted, as well as by 
whom and how is distributed", and has drawn the attention of the Commission to "the need to 
adapt taxation to the changing economic structure of the Information Society". While the 
Commission does not consider the "bit tax" proposed by the Group to be necessary or appropriate , 
nonetheless it considers that the repercussions of the Information Society on the efficiency of 
different forms of taxation need to be carefully examined, as recommended by the European 
36 
Parliament . Another aspect that deserves consideration is the environmental impact of the 
Information Society. 
Objective: 
Key action: The Commission wili 
• undertake regular monitoring m the Annual Report on Employment of trends and 
Changes in the employment structure* 
* propose to pursue in the 5th RTD Framework Programme research on the 
dematerialisation of the economy and the relationships between technological 
change, employment, skills and economic competitiveness; 
• continue, through Eurostat and ESIS, the efforts to improve the statistical 
framework and toois necessary to understand and monitor the development of 
the Information Society, particularly related to employment trends; 
® analyse, through the Taxation Policy <3roup, the impact of the Information Society 
on taxation; 
* assess available research and studies on the environmental impact of the 
information Society and undertake, if necessary, further research,. 
IV.2. Exploiting the potential for new jobs 
42. A key element in the European strategy for transition to the Information Society is the process of 
liberalisation of telecommunication markets. Different studies and reports 7 have concluded that the 
overall effects of the télécoms liberalisation in terms of jobs will depend on the pace of that process 
and on the speed of diffusion of the technologies. The quicker those processes, the better the 
35 Tax levied on the "intensity" of information transmission; amounts paid would be based on the number of bits transmitted. 
Cf. Report of the European Parliament on the communications of the Commission The Information Society: From Corfu to 
Dublin and Europe at the Forefront of the Global Information Society: Rolling Action Plan. PE 221.848/fin 
37 Effects on employment of the liberalisation of the telecommunications sector, BIPE Conseil, IFO Institut and LENTIC 
Brussels, 1997; The impact of télécoms liberalisation on the single integrated information market, Analysis, 1996; The 
effects of competitition on employment in the telecommunications industry: case Fin/and, Price Waterhouse, 1996. 
12 
chances of a favourable outcome in terms of net job creation. The right regulatory market 
frameworks have to be set up to facilitate the emergence of new jobs. Better and clearer knowledge 
is also needed on the mechanisms of company and job creation associated with the Information 
Society, in particular those related to the Internet and to electronic commerce. The recently adopted 
European Initiative in Electronic Commerce is attempting to promote a widespread adoption of 
electronic commerce to create business and employment opportunities. For instance, the tourism 
industry (one area where employment growth can be expected) can significantly benefit from the 
opportunities offered by electronic commerce. 
43. Software and computer services have occupied the top positions for employment creation in Europe. 
39 
Most of these new jobs are created in SMEs . Programming and multimedia content jobs are 
expected to be the great beneficiaries of the Internet explosion in Europe. But if those jobs are to 
stay in Europe it is necessary, among other things, to overcome the shortage of skilled labour in ICT 
industry, as well as the renewal of skills that become quickly obsolete. The Communication 
Competitiveness of the European Information and Communication Technology Industries40, has 
proposed, among others, the implementation of a "skills standard" scheme to fulfil the objective of 
upgrading the skills base of European ICT industries. The conditions favouring the development of 
high growth SMEs in the ICT industries have to be improved, and in particular the access of SMEs to 
venture and seed capital. 
44. The key issue is not just the creation of globally competitive ICT industries but also how the new 
technologies might help develop enterprises in all other branches, not least SMEs. To remain 
competitive SMEs increasingly depend on their capacity to absorb and use new technologies, to 
participate in complex supply chains, to have access to new knowledge, and to participate in the 
appropriate networks. The problems SMEs face in integrating ICT and in accessing 
telecommunications infrastructure vary, depending on the level of awareness and the availability of 
internal competences and local infrastructure. There is also evidence that SMEs have in general a 
lower take up of new technologies and have difficulties in recruiting skilled people. A survey41 of 
500 fast growing European SMEs found that one third of them had had vacancies in 1994 that 
were hard to fill; more than 50 % had experienced difficulties in recruiting qualified staff during 
the previous three years. Firms reported that major difficulties related to the availability of skilled 
workers and technicians. The Commission is preparing various actions and pilot projects to raise 
SME's awareness and provide training to SME's managers on the potential of electronic commerce. 
45. Regional and local governments have a key role in supporting SMEs to build their capacities, both at 
management and workforce levels, and to help them grasp the opportunities offered by the 
Information Society. The Regional Information Society Initiative (RISI), Objective 4, ADAPT-BIS, 
LEADER and LEONARDO are amongst the initiatives contributing to help SMEs build the human 
resources that are necessary. The Territorial Pacts of Employment, which share with RISI a common 
methodology based on a bottom-up approach should be a key instrument to manage the process of 
change at local level and to grasp the opportunities offered by the Information Society, for example 
through the development of knowledge resource centres and electronic commerce. 
Objective: Underpin the proce$& of change, mû develop the H*mm mmwtm foase and lb* 
adaptation capacities of SMEs 
Key action: The Commission ; 
• will continue to support, through the mainstreaming process of the Information 
JB COM (97) 157 
39 It is estimated that more than 16 000 software and computing services companies exist in Western Europe, with over 300 
000 employees, more than 100 000 independent professionals and small offices employing another 200 000 people. To this 
should be added Internet and multimedia software and services, the vast majority of which have less than 20 employees and 
many less than 5 employees. (Panorama of Industry 1997) 
40 COM (97) 152 
41 Cf Europe's 500, EFER, 1996.This confirms the findings of survey reporting that 41% of firms with less than 200 
employees had suffered shortages of adequately skilled applicants {European Economy, Reports and Studies, N°3, 1995). 
13 
Society in the different Structural Funds objectives, the development of local and 
regional strategies towards the Information Society, and wilf ensure that the 
human resources aspects (especially within SMEs) are properly incorporated; 
• will continuer In the context of the RISI pilot projects, to collaborate with the 
regions concerned to exploit and disseminate the results to local and regional 
authorities; 
• urges regions and cities to ensure that the Territonal Pacts of Employment 
incorporate an Information Society dimen$ion, for example to maximise the 
potential of electronic commerce* 
46. The social economy42 is a driving force in forging social solidarity. The new technologies can 
contribute substantially to the sustainability of the social economy, by helping them to adopt flexible 
structures and innovative organisational solutions and supporting communication and skills 
development. As the consultation process revealed, non-profit organisations play a substantial role 
in familiarising less favoured social groups with ICT. The Structural Funds, through the funding of 
many local employment initiatives, play an important role in support of such activities. Despite their 
local focus, these experiences offer lessons that deserve to be disseminated at national and 
European levels. 
Objective: ^MH^^j^||^|^^^^^^y^|j^^HlS^^HR^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^RB 
Key action: The Commission will : 
• include within the forthcoming 1907 call for proposals concerning The Thmt 
System and Bnptoyment4^ a specific measure aiming at the promotion of thé u$e 
of ICT by the operators of the third sector; 
• develop a web-site for the exchange of information and experience in this field, 
IV.3. Skills for living and working 
47. The continuous restructuring of the economy and the introduction of new technologies combined 
with the slow adaptation of education and training can explain the skills gap in European economies. 
A recent survey44 conducted by the Commission reported that 52 per cent of job seekers have no 
vocational training (as compared with 28 per cent of those with jobs). Furthermore, only a very small 
minority of unemployed job seekers are offered opportunities for retraining or upgrading of their skills 
to meet new demands. Less than 10 per cent of the unemployed were given a new start through 
education and training. On the business side, Section IV.2 has shown how skills shortages raise 
obstacles to SMEs growth. 
48. The skills gap is a serious and a growing structural problem. The identification of skills mismatches 
requires a continuous monitoring process. It is also vital to develop the capacity for anticipation in 
enterprises which helps understand overall change, new skill structures and new opportunities for 
employment. Objective 4 of the European Social Fund, together with the related Community Initiative 
ADAPT, provides significant support for improving the management of human resources by 
anticipating the changes which the Information Society will bring, in particular by strengthening 
investment in human capital, especially low-skilled workers at particular risk of losing their jobs. 
2 The social economy includes co-operatives, mutuals, associations and foundations, h covers a wide range of activities from 
education, cultural and social services to voluntary groups, representing about 10 percent of services employment in the EU. 
3 In the framework of activities carried out under budgetary line B3-4013. 
4 Cf. European Economy, Reports and Studies, N° 3, 1 995 
14 
a) focus on efforts underway in Objective 4 and ADAPT, prioritising 
* actions directed at the low-skilled, with a particular emphasis on acquiring ICT 
skills; 
* anticipation instruments and mechanisms ie.Q. local and sectoral observatories); 
* advisory support for anticipation strategies within enterprises; 
* the role of the social partners in the anticipation of industrial change; and 
* a major Conference in 1998 on Anticipation, Employment and Skills. 
b) in line with the Communication Cohesion and the Information Society, monitor all 
ESF programming to ensure that the Information Society dimension is fully 
mainstreamed, having special regard to; 
* the integration of those at a special disadvantage on the labour market, and 
* increasing ICT skills training of women and support structures for teleworkers. 
The Commission will maintain, in the context of the Agenda 2000 proposals, a strong 
commitment to improving human resource development systems so as to anticipate 
economic and social change, maintain employability and harness the employment 
potential of the Information Society. 
49. The Green Paper set out the radical changes in education and training that will be required so that 
people can keep pace with the changes brought by rapid technological development . It also called 
for the development of a new architecture of lifelong education and training. ICT provide huge 
opportunities for improving access to training and its quality through innovative and tailored 
pedagogic approaches. However, there remain concerns about quality standards, about potential 
longer-term effects of learning in new "virtual" environments, and about safeguarding education's 
social and cultural development functions. The economies of new technology-based approaches are 
also a subject of debate, as are the market conditions and policies which are necessary for the 
emergence of a strong European presence in multimedia training supply. In this connection, the HLGE 
has proposed the creation of a European Learning Agency and Network (ELAN) as a forum for 
sharing approaches and experiences in the areas of leading-edge applications, standards and quality 
assurance, intellectual property rights, training, and R&D. . 
Objective: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^X^^^ÊKl 
Key actions: ||f|||lCor|trii||jon - and :the ;:. 
BïçjlR^ % w§ pro/yide w 
:;;f!iporhmissi^ : '. 
!:*;;;I$ii^ learning Agency arid Met work; 
;i|:!|;!p^few; and ir^hsify its ne^ open and 
: d^ employability and facilitate access 
JïllÉOil :;:!$i$$ii!i^ ;ll!!i!ii ^IM; i long : term 
§|||§lifï 
llllt|j^ 
lillll^ 
' Following the Commission's 1993 White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness and Employment and the 1995 White Paper 
Teaching and Learning. Towards the Know/edge Society. 
' The Commission's Action Plan Learning in the Information Society is already addressing certain of these issues. 
15 
? o 
Member States, open learning facilities based on the Internet; 
* examine how the roie of Universities of the Third Age can be developed and 
promote their networking at European level. 
IV.4. ICT and the modernising of Public Employment Services 
50. Employment services - which are responsible for 20 per cent of all placements in the Community -
have a key role to play in addressing the structural problems of the labour market. ICT are an 
essential element in the process of modernisation of existing job vacancy and job registration 
systems. In the past many public employment services (PES) had separate vacancy and registration 
systems. They are now increasingly modernising and linking them so that local employment office 
advisers can register job seekers automatically and match them to the vacancies on offer at the 
earliest possible stage. Over and above these developments there is an increasing use of self-service 
terminals in local employment offices which allows job seekers to "self select" vacancies and apply 
direct to the employer. There is also widespread use of teletext facilities to advertise jobs and general 
services to clients, and use of the Internet is growing rapidly47 to make available information on the 
PES themselves, training courses, employment programmes and job vacancies. 
51. The possibilities of networking different local data bases may be helpful in facilitating the mobility of 
workers, an aspect of the utmost importance in the framework of the Single Market and EMU. At 
European level, the EURES (European Employment Services) network, launched in 1994, has 
developed an IT system which allows PES to notify each other their international job vacancies. This 
system is customised to meet the specific needs of each PES and some border regions have agreed 
to exchange through EURES all job vacancies in their areas. EURES is also developing Internet-based 
services, which will mirror at a European level those provided by the PES at Member State level. 
Objective: Improve the functioning of the public employment services 
Key action: The Commission wilt: 
t encourage and support exchanges of experience between Member States on the 
use of ICT to modernise Public Employment Services; and 
• encourage the linking of national vacancy systems via EURES. 
V. The social dimension of the Information Society - the way forward: 
52. This Communication has summarised the progress made during the 1990s to integrate the social 
dimension into the development of policies for the Information Society. It has presented the 
challenges that lie ahead in reconciling social, economic and technological goals, and new initiatives 
to be taken in different policy fields. These initiatives comprise an EU strategy for action at three 
levels: 
• At national and regional level, where the Commission will provide support to the Member States 
to integrate a strong social dimension into the ongoing development of their Information Society 
strategies. 
«» At Community level, where the Commission will itself contribute to the development and 
mainstreaming of the social dimension of the Information Society by ensuring that different areas 
of social policy (such as employment, equal opportunities, health and safety, public health, 
education and training) and other Community policies take full account of the Information Society 
dimension. 
Flanders, Wallonia, Denmark, Germany, Spain, France, the Netherlands, Austria, Finland, Sweden, United Kingdom.. France 
was already advertising these services by Minitel, and it is expected to do it on Internet before the end of 1997. 
16 
At international level, where the European Union has been active to support the development of 
the Information Society and to give attention to the social dimension. The Commission hosted in 
1995 a G-7 Ministerial Conference on the Global Information Society, it has also organised, 
together with the German Government, in Bonn on 6-8 July 1997, a European Ministerial 
conference on the exploitation of the potential of the Internet Global Information Networks: 
Realising the Potential. At this Conference, a declaration was agreed which addressed, amongst 
other issues, the importance of global networks for the creation of employment, the need for 
easy public access for all, and the high priority of promoting electronic literacy and education. The 
Commission will intensify international co-operation on the social dimension of the Information 
Society - for example on issues such as security and harmful and illegal content - in the 
framework of the G-7, the Transatlantic Agenda, the co-operation with Central and Eastern 
Europe Countries and other international fora to which the Commission participates. 
Objective: ^^^^^^K^MÊMÊë^^Ê^^^^^^^^Ê^^^^^^^^^^M 
Key action: The Commission wiil : 
• convene an annual round table review with Member State authorities to 
review progress in implementing the social and employment aspects of their 
respective strategies and programmes, linked where appropriate/ to broader 
meetings and exhibitions in order to exchange experience; 
• continue work on mainstreaming the social dimension of the information 
Society in the framework of the Information Society Forum, which will provide 
a focal point for co-ordinated examination of the interplay between information 
Society policies and their social $nd employment dimension; 
• promote in the appropriate international fora the development and use of 
technologies which can help improve social cohesion and the improvement 
of living, learning and working conditions for alt groups in society. 
17 
1^ 
Annexe: 
Glossary of acronyms 
ADAPT-BIS 
EEC 
ELAN 
EMPLOYMENT-NOW 
EMU 
ERDF 
ESF 
ESIS 
EU 
EURES 
G7 
HLGE 
ICT 
IDA 
lnfo-2000 
IRIS 
ISF 
LEADER 
LEONARDO 
NGOs 
ODL 
PES 
RISI 
RTD 
R&D 
SMEs 
TV Community Initiative for the Adaptation of the Workforce to Industrial Change -
Building the Information Society 
European Economic Community 
European Learning Agency and Network 
Community Initiative on Employment and Development of Human Resources -
Equal Opportunities for Women 
Economic and Monetary Union 
European Regional Development Fund 
European Social Fund 
European Survey of Information Society Projects and Actions 
European Union 
European Employment System 
Group of the world seven more industrialised countries 
High Level Group of Experts on the social and societal aspects of the 
Information Society 
Information and communication technologies 
Community Programme for telematic Interchange of Data between 
Administrations 
Community Programme for the development of a European multimedia content 
industry 
Inter-Regional Information Society 
Information Society Forum 
Community Initiative for Rural Development 
Community Programme for vocational training 
Non-Governmental Organisations 
Open and Distance Learning 
Public Employment Services 
Regional Information Society Initiative 
Research and technological development 
Research and development 
Small and medium sized enterprises 
Television 

ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(97) 390 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 04 05 15 16 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-97-426-EN-C 
ISBN 92-78-23766-3 
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg