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COM (85) 140 
 
 
 
Vol. 1985/0045 
  
 
Disclaimer  
Conformém ent au règlement (CEE, Euratom) n° 354/83 du Conseil du 1er février 1983 
concernant l'ouverture au public des archives historiques de la Communauté économique 
européenne et de la Communauté européenne de l'énergie atomique (JO L 43 du 15.2.1983, 
p. 1), tel que modifié par le règlement (CE, Euratom) n° 1700/2003 du 22 septembre 2003 
(JO L 243 du 27.9.2003, p. 1), ce dossier est ouvert au public. Le cas échéant, les documents 
classifiés présents dans ce dossier ont été déclassifiés conformément à l'article 5 dudit 
règlem ent. 
In accordance with Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 354/83 of 1 February 1983 
concerning the open ing to the public of the historical archives of the European Econom ic 
Communit y and the European Atom ic Energy Communit y (OJ L 43, 15.2.1983, p. 1), as 
amended by Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1700/2003 of 22 September 2003 (OJ L 243, 
27.9.2003, p. 1), this file is open to the public. Where necessary, classified documents in this 
file have been declassified in conformity with Article 5 of the aforementioned regulation.  
In Übereinstimmung mit der Verordnung (EWG, Euratom) Nr. 354/83 des Rates vom  1. 
Februar 1983 über die Freigabe der historischen Archive der Europäischen  
Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft und der Europäischen Atomgem einschaft (ABI. L 43 vom  15.2.1983,  
S. 1), geändert durch die Verordnung (EG, Euratom) Nr. 1700/2003 vom 22. Septem ber 2003  
(ABI. L 243 vom  27.9.2003, S. 1), ist diese Datei der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. Soweit  
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COMMISSION O F THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(85) 140 final
Brussels, 9 april 1985
COMMISSION WORKING DOCUMENT
THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STRATEGY OF THE COMMUNITY
Status of implementation of the Framework Programme  
and consideration for the preparation of its revision
COM(85) 140 final

-  1 -
Int roduct ion
In recent years a number of important agreements or decisions on  
science and technology have been reached in the Community.
First of all the Framework programme for Community scientific and  
technical activities was adopted for the period 1984-1937. To im­
plement it, a number of decisions were taken on the JRC multiannual  
programme 1984-1987 (700 million ECU), funds for demonstration pro­
jects on energy (265 million ECU, 1985-85), the ESPRIT programme
(750 million ECU) and more recently eight multiannual programmes :
, ( 1)fusion, radiation protection, radioactive waste, reactor safety,  
biotechnology, stimulation, BRITE and non-nuclear energy (1.225  
million ECU for all these programmes).
Although these decisions and agreements show that the value of  
Community R&D and its vital role in the implementation of new Com­
munity policies have been recognized, they do not always match up  
to the·scope of, nor respect the balances between the scientific  
and technical objectives proposed by the Commission and approved  
by the Council and the Parliament with the adoption of the Frame­
work programme-
In the Commission's view, the objectives - defined in the framework  
programme - are still the priority objectives at Community level.  
Europe's scientific and technological, development is too important  
an issue to'allow of anything short of a common and forceful policy,  
even taking account of the present financial constraints.
(1) Included in the JRC programme

-  2 -
3ecausg of the importance of these subjects, the Commission included  
*  them in the basic themes of its commonication "Strengthenina the techno­
logical base and competitiveness of industry" on which it is asking the  
European Council meeting in Brussels on 29 March 1985 to take a stance.
Following similar lines, this paper - which covers Community scientific  
and technical activities without atemoting to deal with the Commission's  
innovation policy and the range of measures to be considered in order to  
strengthen Europe's technological base - suggests to the Member States  
that they start discussions without delay (before reviewing the Frame­
work programme) :
- on current progress in implementing the Framework programme,
- on some important data that could help in the review.
I-  Progress made in implementino the Framework programme 1984-1987
After Parliament and the Economic anc Social Committee had given  
favourable opinions, the Council in its Resolution of 25 July 1983  
approved the principle of successive Framework programmes and adopted  
the priority scientific and technical objectives and the selection  
criteria for projects to be undertaken in 1984-1987.
The Council was unanimously in favour of the spirit, balances and  
method presented in that Commission proposal (olobal strategy incor­
porating all Community R,D&D activities, overall political choices  
specifying the priorities and scope of the projects to be launched,  
weighting between scientific and technical objectives, regular oooor-  
tuni ties for the necessary redeployment and chanoe of emphasis in the  
research effort, etc). In adopting the oroposal, the Council clearly  
demonstrated its determination to develop a far-reaching common R,0i0  
policy. As the Community debate on own resources and their allocation  
was still in progress, it did not, however take a decision on the  
total funding of the Framework programme This was estimated to be 3750  
Mio ECUS, at 1982 value, an estimate of which the Council took note in  
its resolution of 25 July 1983.
Where does the Community stand today in the implementation of its  
scientific and technical strategy? At 31 March 1985, counting all the  
R,D&D programmes in progress or recently decided, it appears that  
activities under the Framework Programme 1984-87 have now attained a  
total of 2.685 Million ECU (1982 value).(1)
(1) See Annex-!: analysis of the implementation of the Framework prog­
ramme for Community scientific and technical activities 1984-87.

- 3 -
This total becomes 2952 Mio ECUS if one includes the programmes  
formally proposed by the Commission.
The following table shows, item by item, the options of the 1984-87  
Framework Programme and the extent of its current achievement compared  
with the corresponding situations in 1982.
It shows:
a) The programmes of which the period of implementation covers, even  
partly, the period of validity of the Framework Programme.
b) The actions to which an annual appropriation was allocated.
c) The programmes formally proposed by the Commission.
STATE Of IHPLEflENTAT ION Of THE fRAMEWORK PROGRAMME 
ENO MARCH 1985
Status end March 1985
OPTIONSframework Prog 
1984-1987Decided & Annual Actions 
(a + b) (1)Decided
actionsannual £
(3 + b +proposed
c)Si tua t
1982
MioECUs
82 XMioECUs
82 XUt i  i  sat 
XMioECUs
82!
XUt i  l  i  sa t
X
- Promoting agricultural 
compet i  t iveness 130 3.5 38.9 1  .5 30 44.3 1.5 39 1.9
- Promoting industrial 
competi tiveness 1060 28.2 932.6 34.7 88 972.6 32.9 91.716.8
improving the management of 
raw materials 80 2.1 30.2 .  138 36 1.2 95 1.4
Improving the management of 
energy resources 1770 97.2 1317.3 49.1 741475.1 50.0 8365.4
- Reinforcing development aid 150 4.0 39.9 1.5 27 79.8 2.7 53 0.7
Improving living and working 
condi t  ions 385 10.3 265.2 9.9 69 280.7 9.5 73 9.75
Improving the efficacy of 
the Community's scientific and 
technical potential 85 2.3 43.4 1.6 51 93.9 1.5 51 0
Horizontal activities 90 2.9 16.9 0.6 19 20.1 0.7 22 4
Total framework Programme 3750 100 2684.4 100 722952.0 100 79100
(1) T:he executed budget for 1985 and the proposed budget, 2nd draft, were taken into account here for the year 1984; 
(or the years 1986 and 1987, provisional commitments were taken into account.
If one takes account only of the actions decided under a) and b),  
the table puts into evidence the following major facts:

- 4 -
- In absolute terms no goal has as yet reached the financial aim set  
in the Framework programme.
- In relative terms :
-  three goals have exceeded a utilization rate of tuo-thirds of the  
financial indications (promoting industrial compet itiveness: 88 7., 
improving the management  of energy resources:  74 X, and improving  
living and working conditions: 69 X) .  These three goals together  
account for 94 7 . of the funds already committed,
-  improving the effectiveness of the Community's scientific and  
technical potential has reached a rate of 51 X and improving  
the management of raw materials 38 X,
.  the other three goals (promoting agricultural competitiveness,  
stepping up development aid and horizontal activities) have  
not even reached one-third of the sums indicated.
The adaptation of the level of financing, as proposed by the  
Commission, of the actions formally submitted for examination by  
the Council and the Parliament, does not bring any significant change  
in terms of relative balance between the options, but ensures for  
some of them (raw materials, energy, development) a higher percentage  
for their implementation.
This snapshot of the degree of implementation of the Framework  
Programme will obviously change over the next two years as decisions  
are taken by the Council on proposals submitted by the Commission  
(demonstration projects in the areas of energy and telecommunications) or  
about to be submitted Cenvironment/climatology abd raw materials/materials)
In addition to these proposals there will be reviews in 1986 of seven  
programmes recently decided by the Council (fusion, biotechnology,  
stimulation, etc) and new activities in areas such as transport, agri­
culture, fishing/aquaculture and food.
Even f these new proposals and programme reviews remain within  
limits of the objectives and financial indications of the Frame­
work programme, it is clear that it will not be possible to carry out  
this programme fully nor to attain its balances.
So far as the weightings to be chosen within each coal of the Framework
Prr' 9' ' : , ™ e arC c0ncerned i , :  would S(?em that there is a certain amount of  
d i  s t  or s i  on, and that this occasionally reaches significant propertions(1  ?
(1) Sec Annex I  where a more detailed analysis is given.

3y way of illustration, it should be noted that within"the goal "Promo­
ting agricultural competitiveness (including fish)" whilst the soecific  
objectives "Crops in deficit" and "Development and application of advanced  
methodologies" have been up to now properly covered,  there are others such  
as "Reduction of surpluses", "Food quality" and "Improvement of animal  
production” where there are serious gaps. And no activity at alt in the  
field of fisheries/aauaculture has been undertaken.
t.
In contrast the goal "Promoting industrial competitiveness" has received  
a marked priority in  all its aspects.
As to "Improving the management of raw materials" it is noteworthy that  
the activities relating to the recycling of raw materials have taken on  
an importance greater than was provided for in the Framework programme.
It is on this basis that reexamination of the relative weighting between  
the specific objectives "Minerals’ ' ,  "wood" and "Recycling” should take  
place.
In implementing the goal "Improving the management of eneroy resources  
and reducing energy dependence", a serious imbalance is apparent as be­
tween the nuclear and non-nuclear objectives.
Efforts currently under way in respect of "Reinforcing developement aid”  
are mainly directed towards agricultural production and general health.
So far as"Improving living and working conditions"is concerned, the main  
orientations which were -intended have, overall, been followed for the  
environment, but research on health promotion, health care and health  
technology requires a greater push.
Lastly, with respect to"Stimulating cooperation and interchange",its  
implementation will be more gradual than had been expected.
It should be borne in mind that the 198^-1987 Framework programme is  
the first of its type. It is an instrument that will have to be per­
fected in the light of the experience gained. The Commission will have  
an opportunity to do this during the review scheduled for the second  
half of 1985»
II* Ideas on preparing for the review of the Framework programme
Bearing in mind the decisions taken on R,DSD,  the prosoect of the  
accession of Spain and Portugal and various new factors that have- 5 -

-  6 -
emerged over the last two years, it is already possible to identify  
some major issues concerning the Community's scientific and techno­
logical strategy that should be discussed with the Member States.
On the basis of the first guidelines to be given by the Council, these  
issues could be investigated in depth during the exercise to compare  
national and Community scientific policies (CO?OL III) planned for  
June 1985, a comparison that would precede the review of the Frame­
work programme.
Five issues can already be identified :
a) The Community gives a marked priority to the goal of promoting  
industrial competitiveness. This tendency will be further
accentuated by the special and fundamental effort to promote tele­
communications that is urgently needed. However crucial the  
option on "industrial competitivityf might be, it is nevertheless  
essential to avoid supporting this option without prior discussion,  
mainly at the expense of other goals such as promoting agricultural  
competitiveness or stepping up development aid.
Jh-ere is a particular need for discussion on this general issue  
betause of the growing agricultural requirements and the economic  
importance of planning R, DSD programmes with the direct aim of  
^absorbing the Community's agricultural surpluses.
b9 In the activities relevant to the goal of improving the management of  
energy resources, heavy imbalances between objectives are persisting  
and sometimes worsening. This question certainly calls for discussions  
and decisions.
c) Should new goals or areas of int-erest be taken into consideration in  
the review of the Framework programme ? Current;, work under the FAST II ;  
programme is throwing up major questions in particular on service  
activities. Companies and services, regional development infrastruc­
ture, the future of financial services - all these are subjects whose  
scientific and technological components could require study, likewise,  
fo l  tow-up activities in the areas of industrial innovation and the  
improvement of innovation conditions could be considered.

d) In the framework of the option "Improving the efficacy of the  
Community's scientific and technical potential" the Community has  
set the objective of raising the level of training of its research  
scientists and providing them with better conditions for carrying
out their research by developing European cooperation, the mobility  
of researchers and links at research level between universities  
and industry in the research area.
The plan to stimulate cooperation and scientific and technical ex­
changes 1985-1988 is in line with these objectives.
It seems that the Community should - without interfering with the  
responsibilities of the national and regional authorities concerned  
gradually develop this type of activity and strengthen it as far as
possible :  extension to non-Community countries in Europe, esta­
blishment of inter-centre networks, encouragement of the transfer  
of technology, improvement of conditions for the movement of scien­
tific $*nd technical apparatus, etc --
e)
 Finally, the prospect of Spain and Portugal joining the Community  
must be examined in the light of its implications for the common
R,D8D strategy. The Commission has aready initiated studies on the  
question. The COPOL meeting could form a suitable framework for exa  
mination of the subject by national representatives before the revi  
of the Framework programme-
*  ■* *
Finally, the major problems governing the future development of  
scientific and technical activities in the European Community should  
be re-assessed with the Member States: that is the financing of  
these activities and more precisely the increasing part of own  
resources to be devoted to these activities.- 7 -

ANNEX I
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME  
FOR COMMUNITY SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
1984-1987
1. Situation as regards goats
2. Situation as regards objectives
3. Analysis of methods
4. New data
- o 0 o -

-2-
The Framework Programme 1984-1987, approved by the Council Resolution of  
25 July 1983 as far as its principles, objectives and the selection  
criteria for projects are concerned, has gradually been implemented  
through decisions on individual programmes taken by the Council.
This analysis covers :
a. programmes on which decisions have been taken provided their duration  
falls at least partially within the period of validity of the  
Framework Programme 1984-1987;
b. projects allocated an annual appropriation;
c. programmes which have been formally proposed by the Commission.
All these programmes and projects are included in the summary table of  
Community scientific and technical activities.
The figures for 1984 are based on the budget outturn, for 1985 on the  
second reading of the draft budget and for 1986 and 1987 on commitment  
forecasts.
Each sectoral programme has been analyzed to determine its contribution  
to each scientific and technical objective and the following two chapters  
contain a consolidated version of the results.
It is important to bear in mind that the first Framework Programme  
indicates the balances to be attained over the whole period 1984-1987.
The closer the "uti lization rate" is to 100 % and the nearer the end of  
the period, the more accurately a snapshot of the status of the Framework  
Programme at a given date will reflect the final balance.

-3-
1. SITUATION AS REGARDS GOALS
a) The Framework Programme 1984-1987, the financial estimates for which  
total 3.750 million ECU (1982 value), contained on 31 March 1985  
projects representing a total of 2.685 million ECU (1982 value) for  
the period 1984-1987. This means that the projects already decided at  
that date account for 72% of the total for the period under  
consideration.
b) The following table shows for each goal the financial estimates of the  
Framework Programme and their present utilization rates compared to  
the corresponding situation in 1982.
If one considers only the decided programmes and the projects allocated  
an annual appropriation (a + b), this table emphasizes the following  
facts :
- No goal has as yet achieved the financial aim set in the Framework  
Programme in absolute terms;
- In relative terms :
.  three goals have exceeded a utilization rate of two-thirds of the  
amount assigned to them (promoting industrial competitiveness 88 %,  
improving the management of energy resources 74 % and improving  
living and working conditions 69 %);
.  improving the effectiveness of the Community's scientific and  
technical potential has reached a rate of 51 % and improving the  
management of raw materials a rate of 38 %;
.  the three other goals have not even reached one third of the sums  
given;
.  the three most generously funded goals together account for 94 % of  
the appropriations granted.

D E G R E E  T O  W H I C H  T H E  B A L A N C E S  O F  T H E  F R A M E W O R K  P R O G R A M M E  
W E R E  A T T A IN E D  A T  E N D - M A R C H  1985
Framework Programme 
1984-1987S tatu s at end March 85
Actions decided and annual 
fa +  b)Actions decided, annual and 
orooosed (a +  b +  c)1982
G O A L S
M io E C U s
82X M io E C U s
82X X u tili­
zationM io E C U s
82* 8 u tili-' 
zationX
- Promoting A g ric u ltu ra l 
Competi t i veness
- Promoting I n d u s tr ia l 
Compet i  t i venes s
- improving the Management of 
Raw M aterials
- Improving the Management of 
Energy Resources
- R einforcing Development Aid
- Improving Living and 
Working C onditions
- Improving the E fficacy of 
the Community's S c ie n tif i c  
and T echnical P o te n tia l
- H o rizo n tal A c tiv itie s130
1060
80
1770
150
385
85 *  
903.5
28.2
2.1
47.2 
4.0
10.3 ’
2.3
2.438.9 
932.6
30.2
1317.3
39.9 
265.2
43.4
16.91.5 
34.7
1.1
49.1
1.5 
9.9
1.6
0.630
88
38
7 4
27
69
5 1
1944.3
972.6 
36
1475.1
79.8
280.7
43.4 
20.11.5 
32.9
1.2
50.0
2.7
9.5
1.5 
0.734
91.7
45
83
53
73
5 1
221.9
16.8
1.4
65.4
0.7
9.75
0
4
Total Framework programme 3750 100 2684.4 100 72 2952.0 100 79 100

-4-
2. SITUATION AS REGARDS OBJECTIVES
Goal 1  :  Promoting agricultural competitiveness
The two scientific and technical objectives under this goal have so far  
been attained to a very incomplete degree (33 % only for the agricultural  
objective) or not at all (the fisheries activity). Consequently, this  
goal has not yet benefited from the stimulation recommended by the  
Framework Programme.
Goal 1 :  Promoting agricultural competitiveness, including fishing
Framework Programme State at 31 .3.1985
1984-1987 Million ECU % uti li
1985zation
1.1 Developing agricultural
productivity and improving
agricultural products 115 38.4 33
1.2 Developing productivity and
improving the quality and
processing of fishery
products 15 0.5 4
Total Goal 1 130 38.9 30
Objective 1.1 :  Developing agricultural productivity and improving
products
The specific objectives reflect the wide variety of research lines that  
are necessarily a feature of agricultural research. In qualitative terms  
the projects under way meet these diversified objectives fairly  
satisfactorily. However, the resources employed are distributed 
unevenly amongst the objectives :  two of them (crops in deficit and the  
development and application of advanced methods) are almost fully covered  
while others (reduction of surpluses, food quality, improvement of animal  
production and integrated disease and pest control) are less covered. It  
should be pointed out, however, that almost all the research work in  
these latter fields are conducted under the agricultural research  
programme in which the relatively inexpensive activity of coordinating  
work financed directly by the Member States plays an important  
multiplying role.
Objective 1.2 :  Developing productivity and improving fishery products
No Community R & D activities are in progress on fishing. There is  
merely the spin-off from the JRC's aerospace remote sensing programme.

-5-
GoaL 2 :  Promoting industrial competitiveness
This goal at present enjoys the highest utilization rate of 88 %.
However the various programme decisions have not been evenly distributed  
over the three objectives in this goal, as the following table shows.
Goal 2 :  Promoting industrial competitiveness
Framework Programme  
1984-1987Status at 31.3.1985
Million ECU  
1982% utili­
zation
2.1 Removing and reducing  
impediments
2.2 New techniques and products  
for the conventional  
industries
2.3 Promoting and developing  
new technologies
2.3.1. Information technology
2.3.2 Biotechnology30
350
600
8044.7
245.9
604.9 
37.1149
70
101
46
Total Goal 2 1.060 932.6 88
Objective 2.1 :  Removing and reducing hindrances
The indications in the Framework Programme have already been exceeded.
The overspending - high in percentage terms but limited in absolute  
value - is due to the multisectoral nature of the objective, the growing  
importance attributed to removing technical barriers to the establishment  
of a genuine European market and the great contribution that the JRC  
programme makes to these objectives.
Objective 2.2 :  Improving and developing new techniques and products for  
the conventional industries.
The utilization rate for this objective is very close to that for the  
whole of the Framework Programme and the qualitative guidelines laid down  
for this objective have largely been followed.
Objective 2.5 :  Promoting and developing new technologies
2.3.1. Information technology
This objective has already reached the financial estimates given in the  
Framework Programme, evidence of the high priority given to this  
strategic field.
The work done satisfactorily follows the guidelines laid down for the  
three specific objectives although slightly more weight than planned was  
given to the mastery of basic technologies. This objective should be  
extended to the emerging field of telecommunications.

-6-
2.3.2. Biotechnology
The spending on this objective has reached almost half the figure given  
in the Framework Programme. With particular reference to basic research  
in key sectors, the subjects identified as important in the Framework  
Programme and the content of the existing programmes coincide almost  
perfectly, and this is also the objective for which expenditure comes  
closest to the estimates in the Framework Programme. On the other hand  
contextual measures and in particular industrial applications of  
biotechnology have suffered from the restriction of funds for the  
biotechnology programme.
Goal 3 :  Improving the management of raw materials
At present this goal has a utilization rate of only 38 %, which may be  
due to the fact that the sectoral programme on raw materials, a major  
contributor to this objective, expires at the end of 1985, i.e. half way  
through the first Framework Programme.
Goal 3 :  Improving the management of raw materials
3.1 Optimum use of raw materialsFramework Programme  
1984-1987Status at 31.3.1985
Million ECU  
1982% uti li- 
zation
80 30.2 38
Total Goal 3 80 30.2 38
Objective 3.1 :  Optimum use of raw materials
The various objectives have been satisfactorily pursued in qualitative  
terms. However, the work on recycling has been more extensive than
planned in the Framework Programme and the balance between the three  
specific objectives (minerals, wood and recycling) should be reviewed.

-7-
Goat 4 :  Improving the management of energy resources and reducing energy  
dependance
With an utilization rate of 74 % this goal at present accounts for 49 %
of all the decisions taken on R,D and D. However, the impact of these  
decisions on the four objectives making up this goal do not at present  
correspond to the relative weighting given in the Framework Programme.
Goal 4 :  Improving the management of energy resources and reducing
energy dependance
Framework Programme Status at 31.3.1985
1984-1987 Million ECU % ut ili— -
1982zation
4.1Developing nuclear fission
energy (in particular its410.0 89 safety aspects) 460
4.2Controlled thermonuclear
fusion (including JET) 480 591.2 123
4.3Developing new energy sources 310 121.5 39
4.4Rational use of energy
(systems analysis, hydro-194.5 37 carbons, coal, energy saving) 520
Total Goal 4 1.770 1.317.3 74
It will be noted that :
- the proportion of nuclear to non-nuclear objectives, planned to be 1/1  
in the Framework Programme, is now 3/1.
- On the nuclear side, the share of fusion compared to fission, planned  
to be about 1/1, is now around 1,4/1.
- On the nuclear side the share of renewable energies compared to the  
rational use of energy has been kept at approximately 0,6/1 as in the  
Framework Programme.
These balances reflect the status of current decisions - they could be  
modified by the adoption of demonstration projects for 1986-1987 - but it  
is obvious that they will have to be examined in depth at the time of the  
review.

-8-
Objective 4,1 :  Developing nuclear fission energy
The guidelines in the Framework Programme have largely been followed in  
qualitative terms, the emphasis being on safety aspects, and the  
utilization rate for this objective has reached almost 90 % of the amount  
indicated.
Objective 4.2 :  Controlled thermonuclear fusion
Although the implementation of this objective is in line with the  
qualitative guidelines in the Framework Programme, it has far exceeded  
the financial indications. During the review special attention must be  
paid to evaluating the requirements for this objective.
Objective 4.3 :  Development of renewable energy sources and  
Objective 4.4 :  Rational use of energy ~ ~
At present these two objectives have a utilization rate of less than 40 %  
but the qualitative guidelines in the Framework Programme have been  
followed fairly satisfactorily. The rate should increase significantly  
with the continuation of the demonstration projects for 1986 and 1987 but  
probably the financial aims of the Framework Programme will not be  
completely attained. During the review the specific objective relating  
to hydrocarbons should be clarified.
Goal 5 :  Reinforcing development aid
Expenditure on this goal is well below the estimates in the Framework  
Programme :  the utilisation rate is barely 27 %.
Goal 5 :  Reinforcing development aid
4.1 Scientific and technical  
activities for the benefit  
of developing countriesFramework Programme  
1984-1987Status at 31.3.1985
Million ECU  
1982% utili- 
zation
150 39.9 27
Total Option 5 150 39.9 27
The expenditure is focused mainly on two objectives (agricultural  
production and health) which are allocated about 80 % of the total. In  
contrast other objectives such as fishing and fish breeding, resources of  
the soil and the environment have received little if any attention.
The energy objective is fairly satisfactorily covered thanks to the  
spin-off from the non-nuclear energy programmes that is useful to the  
developing countries.

-9-
Qualitatively the content of the programme satisfactorily matches the  
definition of the objectives in the Framework Programme even if in the  
current state of affairs this programme lays more emphasis on general  
guidelines and selection criteria for projects than on specific  
objectives or sectoral guidelines. The 80 % recorded for agricultural  
resources and health agrees well with the guidelines given.
Goal 6 :  Improving living and working conditions
The utilization rate for this goal is close to that for the whole of the  
Framework Programme and there is a balanced allocation of funds to the  
two scientific and technical objectives.
Goal 6 :  Improving living and working conditions
6.1 Improving safety and  
protecting health
6.2 Protecting the environmentFramework Programme  
1984-1987Status at 31.3.1985
Million ECU  
1982% utili- 
zation
190
195131.2
134.069
69
Total Goal 6 385 265.2 69
Objective 6.1 :  Improving safety and protecting health
The main guidelines for this objective have been fairly well followed, in  
particular as regards the study of the personal environment and human  
adaptation. However, research on health promotion, health care and  
health technology total less than one-third of the estimates in the  
Framework Programme.
Objective 6.2 :  Protecting the environment
For this objective the guidelines in the Framework Programmes have been  
well followed in qualitative terms and fairly well in quantitative terms,  
allowing for the fact that environmental management has been slightly  
better treated than was planned in the Framework Programme in comparison  
to the overall understanding of environmental problems. This is due to  
the fact that the environment and climatology programme adopted covers  
only the first half of the period 1984 - 1987 and many other programmes  
extending over the full period have spin-off on objective 6.2 but  
naturally only on management problems and not on the overall  
understanding of environmental problems.

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GoaL 7 :  Improving the efficacy of the Community's scientific and  
technical potential
This goal has only just exceeded 50 % of the funds assigned it by the  
Framework Programme. However, it concerns the implementation of a new  
activity, the stimulation action, which is to be started gradually.
Goal 7 :  Improving the efficacy of the Community's scientific and  
technical potential
Framework Programme  
1984-1987Status at 31.3.1985
Million ECU  
1982% u t i  l  i  — 
zation
7.1 Improving the efficacy of  
the Community's scientific  
and technical potential 85 43.4 51
Total Goal 7 85 43.4 51
8. Horizontal activities
This chapter in the Framework Programme contains all the activities that  
cannot be assigned to one or more specific objectives but are needed for  
the definition of scientific and technical strategy, the evaluation of  
programmes and the use and exploitation of their results. Its current  
utilization rate is the lowest of all.
Horizontal activities
Horizontal activitiesFramework Programme  
1984-1987Status at 31.3.1985
Million ECU  
1982% uti li- 
zation
90 16.9 19
Total Horizontal activities 90 16.9 19
During the review the total funds to be allocated to this chapter will have to be  
re-examined, even bearing in mind the proposal for a programme on the utilization  
of research results.

3. ANALYSIS AS REGARDS METHODS
This report on the implementation of the Framework Programme needs to be rounded  
off by general comments, based on experience gained to date, concerning the  
methodology that has been used.
a) In the Framework Programme the balances between goals depend on the level of  
the total funds allocated to R, D and D. A change of more than 10 % in this  
total level should lead to a modification in these balances.
b) The financial indications given represent the allocation of the Community R, D  
& D budget to each goal. This budget is made up of the sum of the costs  
incurred in all the types of Community action :  JRC activities, shared-cost  
projects, concerted-action projects. The financial indications are therefore a  
measure of the Community effort but do not directly reflect the scientific and  
technical scope of Community action. In other words these figures are not the  
same as what might be called the turnover for R, D and D concerned by Community  
action which would be another yardstick for the relative priorities given to  
each goal at Community level.
c) The scientific and technical objectives identified in the first Framework  
Programme are not entirely homogenous :  the development of new technologies  
contributes directly to many other objectives. Likewise the objective of  
stepping up scientific and technical activities for the benefit of-the  
developing countries consists mainly of research in medicine, public health and  
agriculture, which are directly relevant to other objectives. This sometimes  
makes it difficult to determine what contribution a sectoral programme has made  
to the various scientific and technical objectives.
d) Each sectoral programme runs for four of five years and a start is generally  
made on preparing it two years before it is adopted. If the Framework  
Programme is to serve as a planning guide, it must therefore provide guidelines  
for a period that at any given time includes at least the early years of every  
programme in the course of preparation. These guidelines are of two kinds :  
qualitative, i.e. the objectives to be pursued, and quantitative, i.e. the  
approximate expenditure to be allocated to these objectives. There can  
obviously be no question of laying down these guidelines - and in particular  
the quantitative ones - in precise terms for a long period ahead but it appears  
useful to place the four-year Framework Programme in the context of a long-term  
outlook indicating trends. This would mean that just before the review of the  
Framework Programme, i.e. when there are two years left to run, sectoral  
programmes could be prepared on the basis of the guidelines for the last year  
of the Framework Programme and the more general lines of the long-term outlook.-Il-

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4. NEW DATA
Since the 1984-1987 Framework Programme was adopted a number of new
facts have emerged :
- The European Council meeting in Fontainebleau formally approved the  
principle of allocating an increasing proportion of own resources to  
the development of the Community's scientific and technical  
activities.
- The Economic and Social Committee has prepared an own-initiative  
report on research priorities, the conclusions of which provide  
valuable data for the review of the Framework Programme.
- The FAST programme will be drawing up preliminary conclusions in  
mid-1985 but it is already obvious that research on services has to  
be tackled.
- It is now clear that telecommunications calls for a joint effort  
carried out in close cooperation with the national
PTT organizations. The Council has adopted six priority lines of  
action in this field, one of which concerns the definition and  
implementation of R, D & D projects.
- The accession of Spain and Portugal will have an impact on the  
Community's scientific and technical strategy and hence on the  
Framework Programme.
The review of the Framework Programme will have to take these factors and  
their implications into account.
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