COMVIISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
C0MC93) 91 final 
Brussels,16 March 1993 
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION 
ON THE STATE OF 
THE SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY IN THE COMMUNITY 
SITUATION IN 1991 
- 2 -
Table of Contents 
I. Introduct ion 
II. General Economic Background 
III. Shipping Trends 
IV. Fleet Trends 
V. Situation in the Shipbuilding Industry 
VI. Policy Framework 
Annex I Statistical data 
Annex I I Glossary 
- 3 -
I. INTRODUCTION 
This report, issued pursuant to the Council Resolution of 19 September 1978, 
is aimed at providing an overview of the shipbuilding industry and market in 
1991 . 
During this period, the more favourable trend wich had begun to be seen in 
1988, and was confirmed in 1990, was reversed as far as demand for new ships 
is concerned, even if other parameters remained favourable. 
World seaborne trade grew further, but demand for new ships declined by 
16,7% on a world scale. For the EC the total decline amounted to 31% and 
for Japan to 27.5%. 
New building benefitted however from full order books and world wide 
deliveries in 1991 declined by not more than 1.1%, compared with 1990, and 
1.9% for the EC. 
Ship prices in US-Dollar continued however to improve slightly, as demand 
for big ships remained rather unchanged. 
The market for small ships and for smaller yards in the EC showed however 
considerable decline in terms of demand. 
II. GENERAL ECONOMIC BACKGROUND 
In 1991, world economic activity practically stagnated with world GDP 
increasing by only 0.3% in real terms. The economies of the United States, 
Canada and the EFTA countries went into a recession and experienced a 
decline in their GNP. In the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the 
inevitable adjustment process led to a new substantial drop in production. 
The only dynamic areas were once again the Asian economies with Japan 
experiencing a rate of growth of 4.4% and the group for the so called 
"Dynamic Asian Economies"^1) recording an impressive 6.9%. The economy of 
the Community was significantly affected by the slowdown in the EFTA 
countries and the USA and, not withstanding the growth impulses coming from 
Germany, expanded by only 1.3% in real terms. 
The world economy is recovering somewhat in 1992. The recession is giving 
way to a gentle recovery in North America and in the EFTA countries. On the 
other hand, the economy of Japan, which had already started showing signs of 
weakness at the end of last year, should expand by less than 2%. On the 
whole, world GDP is expected to increase in 1992 by just over 1%. In the 
Community, the slowdown of the German economy after four years of rapid 
growth is contributing to a much more depressed outlook. In 1992, Community 
GDP is projected to increase by just over 1 %. 
(1) Hong Kong, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. 
- 4 -
In 1991, the growth of world trade deccelerated in line with output growth: 
imports of goods increased by only 3.3% in reals terms, with the Community 
again contributing positively with a rate of increase of its imports of 
5.1%. In 1992, it is expected that world trade will pick up somewhat and 
expand by about 4 percent in real terms. 
Investment is traditionally the component of final demand which shows the 
most pronounced cyclical behaviour. In 1991, gross fixed capital formation 
declined by as much as 6.5% in real terms in the USA. In 1992, investment 
is expected to pick up substantially in the USA (4-5%), but to increase by 
only half a percentage point in Japan. In the Community, the 1992 
investment performance is forecast to be as poor as that of 1991 with gross 
fixed capital formation practically stagnating. 
III. SHIPPING TRENDS 
World seaborne trade saw a new record in 1991 following the upward trend, 
which started in 1984/85. 
In terms of tonnes world seaborne trade increased by 1.2% in 1991, compared 
with 3% in 1990, from 3.977 million tonnes to 4.025 tonnes. 
In tonne-mile the increase was slightly more from 17.035 billion tonne-miles 
in 1990 to 17.390 billion in 1991. However, the record level of 1979 with 
17.555 billion tonne-miles was not attained. 
Fig. 1 
WORLD SEABORNE TRADE (1973 - 1991 ) 
1 2 
im .•» '*" ,ru »•" ,„ w» IM, '*" i« «•» ,*. •«» ,«* '•" ,«. ••» ,«o""*-
_.»- loanc-milet n 'otitic» 
E.i EJIIB.IO 
S..ce, FEAR NLEYS REVIEW 
- 5 -
Crude oil shipments increased only slightly from 1.190 to 1.200 billion 
tonnes in 1991. Iron ore shipments increased from 347 to 352 mt. By 
contrast coal shipments continued to grow more strongly from 342 mt tp a new 
record of 360 mt. Grain shipments on the other hand decreased from 192 mt 
to 180 mt. 
Fig. 2 
WORLD SEABORNE TRADE (1973 - 1991) 
i*x —* in» •*" if» 
\ OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS EZJQTPRCAROO 
E.L: Eittattti 
Se«««: FEABRNLBYS REVIEW 
Freight rate developments in 1991 varied over the year and according to ship 
types. VLLC's, Suezmax and Aframax tankers benefitted from a strong 
increase, but experienced a deterioration at the end of the year. 
IV. FLEET TRENDS 
The growth trend, which started in 1988 continued and the world fleet 
increased from 423,6 mi I I ion gt in 1990 to 436 mi I I ion gt in 1991 
(see annex 1, table 3). 
Fig. 3 
WORLD AND COMMUNITY FLEETS 
WORLD 19M 
. EEC IWl 
So«««: LLOYD'S REGISTER OF SHIPPING 
Deliveries of tanker and combined carriers contributed mainly to this 
development, whereas the bulk carrier fleet decreased. 
Tonnage broken up and lost - though higher than in 1990 - was low for the 
fourth consecutive year. 
- 7 
Fig. 4 
TONNAGE WITHDRAWN (1979 - 1992) 
22S22 
l»7» IM1 
LAID UP t*» ""— W»J 
_»_ BROKEN UP 
Toon.p LAID UP aod Tonwg. u«d FOR STORAGE: Skattioo u ii Jaauuy, July »ad Octolxr 
Tonnap BROKEN UP Skuim si st the Md to tha Y«ac 
Somen: lattitsu o( Skipping Economic.-Br«n«i<; Howard HmMcr ami Partner», Ltd. 
Since 1980 the EC fleets increased for the first time (only partly because 
of german unification). From a total of 59.1 million gt in 1990 the EC 
fleets reached 63.9 million gt, representing a world market share of 14,7% 
in 1991 after 14.0% in 1990. 
- 8 -
V. SITUATION IN THE SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY 
A. General Overview 
Production and new orders 
In 1989 and 1990 new orders and production had increased rather 
substantially. In 1991, this trend levelled down. WorId shipbui Iding 
production declined in cgt terms by 1,1% and new orders by 16,7%. With 
regard to new orders, the EC and Japan experienced a drop of 31% and 27,5% 
respect ively. 
Order-books 
However, as the intake of new orders in 1Q91 stj I I outweighed production the 
state of the order-books improved by about 1,1%. The ratio between orders 
booked and annual production actually showed a twelve year peak. 
ShipbuiIding prices 
The upward trend in prices, which started in 1985, continued and increases 
for larger vessels were around 5 to 10%. This reflects the trend that 
demand for larger ships was relatively strong, whereas demand for smaller 
ships, especially in Europe, was rather weak. 
Fig. 5 
CONTRACT PRICES FOR ORDERS OF NEW VESSELS (1980 - 1991) 
S 
/ 
::::£—=* 
1980 1981 1982 1' 
m TANKER 30 OOODWT 
p RO-ROS000DWT 
Source: FEARNLEYS REVIEW 
Now: JtpaocK and Korean yards are Med as basis TANKER 250 000 pwr 
LNOGSOtOmJ 1988 198» 
. BULK 120000DWT 
LPC7}C00a3 
- 9 -
Supply and demand - an unstable balance 
Against this background of recovering shipbuilding prices, filled order 
books and declining production, it is evident that the very fragile trend 
towards a longer lasting balance between supply and demand can only 
sustained if all shipbuilders abstain from substantially increasing their 
building capacity. Any significant enlargement of capacity - whether 
through the opening of new or previously mothballed yards or through the 
conversion of too many military yards to the civil sector - might easily 
endanger the prospect of a longer lasting equilibrium between supply and 
demand in the shipbuilding sector. 
B- Situation in the Community. Japan and South Korea 
The Community 
The EC's production decreased from 2.703.000 cgt in 1990 to 2.651.000 cgt in 
1991 and its world market-share from 23.2% to 23%. 
Fig. 6 
PRODUCTION - SHIPS COMPLETED (1976 - 1991) 
TUIAI. WORLD 
19*7 19SS 1980 l«M 
WORLD 
Source "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK* kastd oa data .applied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
Note: From 1980 oa data for EBC iaclades prodaorioa from Ex-ODR «arda 
- 10 -
Internationally, the intake of new orders declined by 16.7%. For the EC 
this decline amounted to 31%. With regard to new orders the Community's 
world market share shrunk therefore from 22% in 1990 to 18.2% in 1991. 
Fig. 7 
NEW ORDERS (1976-1991) 1 
TOTAL WORLD 
10 (-
JAPAN 
I»*» 10*1 
a. EEC l«U 19M 198$ 15*6 
JAPAN .A_ KOREA 
Source: "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK' bawd oa data .applied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
Note: From 1980 oa data for EEC include» aew order» from El-GDR yards 
This development found its counterpart in the order-books with a decline in 
absolute terms which represents 10% of the volume of the previous year. 
After a share of 26.7% of all orders on book in 1990, the EC's share 
declined to 23.7% at the end of 1991. 
- 11 
Fig. 8 
ORDER BOOK (1976 - 1991) 
19» l«tl 
- EEC 19*2 19» 19S4 19» It** 19(7 19U 19S9 
^_ JAPAN #r.. KOREA 0 WORLD 
Soatot: "WORLD SJnPBUILDINO DATABANK" based oa data sapplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
Note: Pro» 1980 oa data for EEC inelades order book from Bx-ODR yard* 
Japan 
In 1991, Japan experienced a production decline of -0.94%. However, as most 
other shipbuilding countries experienced much more pronounced production 
decreases, Japan's world market share increased nevertheless sligthly from 
38.2% in 1990 to 38.3% in 1991. 
Like the EC Japan was confronted with a decline of new orders. Whereas new 
orders declined by 31% in the EC the figure was 27.5% for Japan and Japan's 
world market share declined from 42.8% in 1990 to 37.2% in 1991. However, 
in terms of orderbook, Japanese yards succeeded in increasing the backlog of 
orders placed in their yards. 
- 12 -
South Korea 
South Korea's production increased by 10,6% leading to a world market share 
of 15% in 1991 after 13,4% in 1990. New orders - despite an international 
decline of 16,7% - grew by 5% and South Korea improved its world market 
share from 15,2% in 1990 to 19.1%. Order-books grew by 12,1% with a 
corresponding world market share of 15,1% in 1991 after 13.6% in 1990. 
VI. POLICY FRAMEWORK 
A. External Pol icy 
Since the beginning in 1989, the Community participated actively in the 
multilateral negotiations on the draft agreement to establish normal 
competitive conditions in the commercial shipbuilding and repair sector 
throughout 1991. Unfortunately, the talks which brought together Japan, 
Korea, Finland, Norway, Sweden, the United States and the Community under 
the auspices of the OECD Shipbuilding Working Party, were suspended in April 
1992. 
Nevertheless, the Commission continues to believe that an effective solution 
to the problems of trade in the sector which arise from both public measures 
and private practices, can only be achieved multilaterally. Accordingly the 
Commission hopes that it will be possible to restart discussions on the 
proposed agreement in a fresh effort to resolve the relatively small number 
of albeit important differences - notably on an effective injurious pricing 
mechanism, on shipowners soft loans and on domestic shipbuilding 
requirements - which separated the parties when the talks were suspended. 
B. Internal Policy 
1. Maritime Industries Forum 
As foreseen in the communication "New Challenges to Maritime Industries''^1^ 
the Commission created the Maritime Industries Forum. Apart from the 
maritime industries concerned, trade unions, the research community and 
Member States, as well as the Nordic EFTA countries participated. 
Organised via plenary sessions and working groups, the Forum's work centred 
around: 
(1) C0M(91)335 final of 20.09.1991. 
- 13 -
the economic analysis of the maritime sector, covering forecasts for 
shipping and shipbuilding as well as factors affecting the 
competitiveness of the industries involved; 
- maritime safety and environment; 
- maritime transport; 
- R&D. 
The industry has presented its Forum's report to the final plenary session 
of the Forum at the end of October 1992 with recommendations for further 
act ions. 
2. Research and Development 
Research and Development has been recognised on an essential element to 
increase competitivity in the shipbuilding industry. This aspect has been 
endorsed by the Research and Development Working Group of the Maritime 
Industries Forum and by a recent study carried out by private consultants on 
the competitiveness of European Shipbuilding. 
European Shipbuilders are participating in a number of Community funded R & 
D programmes, such as BRITE/EURAM and ESPRIT as well as in the EUREKA 
programme. Current R&D projects include the application of computational 
fluid dynamics to ship design and the design of a European tanker as an 
alternative to the double-hull design (3E tanker). 
3. Technical Harmonisation 
The harmonisation of the requirements of marine equipment, together with the 
testing procedures, will result in the elimination of barriers to trade. 
This issue is complicated since the requirements for marine equipment are 
based on the international conventions of SOLAS and MARPOL and require the 
approval of Member States Administrations. 
A study - carried out by private consultants - on the structure of the 
marine equipment sector and on possible trade barriers is nearing 
completion. During the last year, the Commission staff have consulted 
industrial associations on the preliminary findings of this study which has 
identified definite barriers to trade for a number of items of equipment. 
The Commission Services are now considering a number of specific solutions 
for various categories of marine equipment to eliminate barriers to trade 
and these proposals will be discussed with Member States in the near future. 
A Draft Directive on the constructional aspects of recreational craft -
based on Article 100A of the Treaty - was approved by the Commission on 
15 April 1992 and sent to the Council, the European Parliament and the 
Economic and Social Committee. 
- 14 -
4. Social Aspects 
Due to German unification the employment figures for the EC increased. 
Without eastern Germany, the result for the EC would have shown that the 
decline in shipbuilding employment continues (see annex 1, tab. II). 
However, although the results for the EC as a whole confirm a downward 
trend, some countries - Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands - saw their 
shipbuilding employment improving. It is worth mentioning that Denmark has 
constantly increasing employment figures since 1987 and Belgium and the 
Netherlands since 1988. 
Fig. 9 
EMPLOYMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEW VESSELS IN THE COMMUNITY 
197» 19*0 19*1 19(2 19*3 19*4 
Graphie compiled from aacioaal soarces 
Notes: 1) Figure» for Portai*! aad Spaas iacladcd from 198} 
2) 1991 iacladcs figure, from Ex-ODR yards 
5. Regional Aspects 
The objective of RENAVAL Community programme is to support economic 
activities that generate new jobs outside the sector in regions affected by 
the restructuring of the shipbuilding industry. Following the terms of this 
programme, the Commission decided that 26 shipbuilding areas located in 
9 Member States qualified for assistance. On the 1st May 1992, the whole 
series of operational programmes corresponding to these areas had been 
adopted. The total budgetary commitment under RENAVAL amounts to 300 MECU 
for the period 1983-93 (see Annex 1 table 12). 
ANNEX 1 
TABLE 1 - WORLD SEABORNE TRADE AND CARGO FLEET 
OIL 
Seaborne PRODUCTS OTHER CAR"GO 
trade Seaborne trade AND OIL 
trade 
'000 million 
tonne-miles < index 
73=100 million 
DWT Fleet (*) 
index 
73=100 '000 million 
tonne-miles Seaborne 
index 
73=100 million 
DWT Fleet (*) 
index 
73=100 '000 million 
tonne-miles index 
73=100 Fleet (*) 
million 
DWT index 
,73=100 
10217 
10621 
9730 
11149 
11403 
10546 
10497 
9239 
8193 
6282 
5558 
5648 
5157 
5905 
6016 
6510 
7276 
7821 
8000 1973 
1974 
1975 
1976 
1977 
1978 
1979 
1980 
1981 
1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 
1991 Est. 100 
104 
95 
109 
112 
103 
103 
90 
80 
61 
54 
55 
50 
58 
59 
64 
71 
77 
78 2343 
275.4 
313.0 
343.9 
356.1 
353.0 
350.9 
348.4 
342.9 
322.5 
301.4 
285.1 
257.1 
249.7 
245.8 
248.8 
255.6 
262.2 
270.4 100 
118 
134 
147 
152 
151 
150 
149 
146 
138 
129 
122 
110 
107 
105 
106 
109 
112 
115 "5l8T 
5766 
5666 
5929 
6086 
6407 
7058 
7415 
7523 
7269 
7078 
7836 
7929 
7951 
8284 
8789 
9109 
9300 
9390 100 
111 
109 
114 
117 
124 
136 
143 
145 
140 
136 
151 
153 
153 
160 
169 
176 
179 
181 "2053" 
218.5 
230.7 
247.4 
268.5 
279.7 
287.0 
292.9 
305.8 
320.5 
331.0 
341.1 
348.2 
345.5 
342.2 
345.0 
353.6 
365.5 
372.4 100 
106 
112 
120 
131 
136 
140 
142 
149 
156 
161 
166 
169 
168 
166 
168 
172 
178 
181 15404 
16387 
15396 
17078 
17489 
16953 
17555 
16654 
15716 
13551 
12636 
13484 
13086 
13856 
14300 
15299 
16385 
17121 
17390 100 
106 
100 
111 
114 
110 
114 
108 
102 
88 
82 
88 
85 
90 
93 
99 
106 
111 
113 439.9 
493.9 
543.7 
591.3 
624.6 
632.7 
637.9 
641.3 
648.7 
643.0 
632.4 
626.2 
605.3 
595.2 
588.0 
593.8 
609.2 
627.7 
642.8 100 
112 
124, 
134; 
142; 
144! 
145;! 
146! 
147 
146! 
144h 
142 jj 
13811 
135i| 
1341; 
135;! 
1381! 
143 
146 I 
Est.: Estimates 
(*) As at the end of the year 
Source: FEARNLEYS REVIEW 
TABLE 2 - TONNAGE WITHDRAWN 
TONNAGE LAID UP 
YEAR 
1976 
1979 
1980 
1981 
1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 
1991 
i 1992 MONTH 
VII 
X 
I 
VII 
x I 
VII 
x 
I 
VII 
x 
1 
VII 
x 1 
Vit 
X 
1 
VII 
X 
1 
VII 
X 
1 
VII 
X 
1 
VII 
X 
i 
VII 
X 
1 
VII 
X 
1 
VII 
X 
1 
VII 
X 
1 1 NUMBER 
765 
737 
595 
417 
353 
298 
268 
233 
229 
246 
287 
253 
624 
1071 
1292 
1403 
1429 
1383 
1202 
1147 
1015 
926 
963 
840 
741 
698 
606 
484 
423 
379 
313 
272 
266 
198 
191 
192 
172 
168 
164 
176 
198 
179 '000 GT 
29651 
25486 
16678 
11206 
7490 
6204 
6767 
5371 
4840 
8618 
10399 
14111 
25437 
40657 
45093 
42641 
40805 
35629 
33049 
31048 
28750 
30083 
24219 
16639 
13781 
12073 
9923 
8991 
8216 
6818 
4835 
4213 
2862 
3057 
2600 
2513 
2401 
2576 
2455 
2940 
.JKffl '000 DWT 
55289 
47507 
30290 
20063 
12518 
10603 
12249 
9512 TONNAGE BROKEN UP 
YEAR 
1978 
1979 
1980 
82881 1981 
155621 
19014 
26391 
49122 
67260 
77168 
85755 
80959 
77274 
66841 
61693 
58194 
54510 
57086 
45262 
30325 
24283 
21368 
17248 
15491 
14145 
11771 
7595 
6519 
4278 
4809 
3982 
3863 
3852 1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 
43520 1991 
39921 
4743J 
4119! NUMBER 
1066 
904 
887 
824 
1081 
1323 
1500 
1722 
1576 
1094 
812 
512 
479 
445 •000 GT 
12840 
6997 
9184 
9789 
18086 
20299 
19661 
26345 
20860 
12936 
6124 
4026 
3255 
4963 
I '000 DWT 
21703 
11137 
15940 
17517 
32160 
36881 
34757 
47801 
36164 
22005 
9908 
6588 
5305 
8389 TONNAGE USED FOR STORAGE I 
YEAR 
1979 
1980 
1981 
1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 
1991 
1992 MONTH I NUMBER 
I 
VII 
X 
I 
VII 
X 
I 
VII 
X 
I 
VII 
X 
I 
VII 
X 
I 
VII 
X 
I 
VII 
X I 
VII 
X 
I 
VII 
X 
I 
VII 
X 
I 
VII 
X 
I 
VII 
X 
I 
VII 
X 
I 40 
37 
37 
39 
45 
67 
74 
77 
149 
120 
79 
64 
56 
70 
78 
73 
95 
98 
86 
87 
91 
78 
86 
92 
96 
75 
63 
62 
63 
65 
68 
53 
55 
46 
64 
57 
71 
98 
62 •000 DWT 1 
1 
7856 
6668 
6672 
7112 
9199 
14266 
16866 
15668 
35950 
28757 
18295 
13860 
11812 
13482 
14868 
13450 
19672 
21164 
17847 
18101 
18223 
14169 
16916 
18807 
20142 
16499 
13306 
12607 
11901 
12803 
13540 
9361 
11093 
8505 
13266 
11523 
14503 
20732 
I 11850 
511 9283 
Source: Institute of Shipping Economics - Bremen; Howard Houlder and Partners, Ltd. 
TABLE 3 - WORLD AND COMMlHftTY PI PFTfl 
FLEtT AS AT THE 1ST OF JULY 
: M"M 
ffg^a <fe* Wk EEC 1 60.5 
% EEC 1 38 ? : WT 
-m • v&4 
&2 t". -M 114.4 
-JU TK?T 
-4M 119.8 
29.0 ~W1 419.4 
120.8 
?«t -Tisr 
-# 118.4 
28 4 r-TUT" 
"•424.T 
114.0 
29.8 18& 
Mi 104.8 
*»•?. riSST 
"'4i«:» • IMS" 
41«.i 
83.2 
21.2 1986 
404.8 
77.4 
19.1 nor 403.6 
68.8 
-JM rrssr 403.4 
62.J 
15.5 -mr 410.5 
59.9 
14.8 mlllonST 
"MP 
"*&£ 58.1 
14.C "T35T 
438.0 
83.9 
14.7 
EET8BYFLAQ 
»«na 1 iMt w «t th» 1 at o Julv 
981 
15TT 
5048 
1455 
7708 
2005 
288 
0841 
5488 
1377 
8134 
5419 
Wf 1982 
5214 
10771 
7707 
40035 
239 
10375 
5393 
1402 
6131 
22505 
114043 1883 
2274 
5115 
8888 
8887 
97478 
223 
10015 
4940 
1338 
7505 
18122 
mm 1984; 
2407 
5211 
8845 
«242 
35059 
221 
8158 
4586 
15874 1985 
"^5405 
4942 
8237 
8177 
31032 
184 
8843 
4301 
1437 
8256 
14344 1988 
2420 
4851 
5938 
5585 
28391 
148 
7697 
4324 
1114 
5422 
11567 1937 
2238 
4873 
5371 
4318 
23560 
154 
7817 
3908 
1048 
4848 
8505 1886 
2118 
4502 
4506 
3817 
21870 
173 
7784 
2 
3726 
889 
4415 
8260 1989 
2044 
4863 
4413 
3867 
21324 
167 
7009 
4 
3655 
726 
3962 
7646 1880 
1855 
5188 
3832 
4301 
20522 
181 
7891 
3 
3785 
854 
3607 
6716 1991 
314 
5871 
3988 
5971 
22753 
185 
8122 
1703 
3872 
891 
3617 
6611 1881 
110 
387 
143 
1681 
210 
65 
11 
21 
1026 
8754 1882 
144 
478 
185 
3027 
258 
548 
2 
215 
1107 1983 
658 
250 
2831 
705 
391 
55 
283 
832 
' 20299 1984 
464 
176 
4061 
348 
421 
181 
501 
')B658' 1985 
287 
1451 
318 
3326 
1019 
479 
56 
302 
387 
"26345' 1986 
73 
2877 
397 
19 
203 
181 1987 
28 
929 
425 
37 
138 
12936 1988 
581 
205 
9 
158 
158 1969 
22 
55 
41 
2 
I 182 
I 1 1990 
20 
19 
83 
10 
2 
134 1991 
4963 Laldiotorraaiasattl'MandcflheYwr 
1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 
144 
297 
17 
2306 
206 
206 
770 
39« 
rfiMe 793 
519 
409 
10248 
1610 
696 
1591 
15866 
3881? 843 
1343 
501 
9937 
1635 
462 
616 
2272 883 
1536 
318 
5902 
1136 
290 
365 
2084 503 
723 
208 
3731 
673 
223 
1327 
7386 488 
1646 
402 
148 
180 1887 
272 
1402 
194 
: 
63 
156 
.«•> 
: - Uoyd • R*g»t*r otShipping: Othtr data - Institue o» Snipping Economic*. Br*m*n 
TABLE 4 - CONTRACT PRICES FOR ORDERS OF NEW VESSELS 
TW aTJ§rT TUT TW 1995" iwr "SIZE" T98T TW T383" TW T5§6~ ~mr Tgsr 
TANKER 
TANKER 
TANKER 
TANKER 
TANKER 
0B0 
BULK CARRIER 
BULK CARRIER 
BULK CARRIER 
RO-RO 
LNG CARRIER 
LPG CARRIER 
LPG CARRIER 
LPG CARRIER 
LPG CARRIER 300UUDWT 
80 000 DWT 
130 000DWTj 
250000DW1 
400 000DWT1 
96 000 DWT 
27 000 DWT 
60 000 DWT 
120 000DW1 
5 000 DWT 
125 000 m3 
3 000m3 
12000m3 
24 000 m3 
75 000m3 "561T 
34.5 
45.0 
63.0 
85.0 
47.0 
20.0 
28.5 
44.0 
16.0 
150.0 
12.5 
28.0 
34.5 
75.0 2£5 
38.0 
51.0 
72.5 
90.0 
44.0 
19.0 
27.5 
42.0 
20.0 
175.0 
12.0 
30.0 
37.0 
75.0 "TO 
24.0 
32.5 
50.5 
61.0 
30.0 
13.0 
18.0 
26.0 
15.0 
150.0 
10.0 
27.0 
33.0 
53.0 16.0 
23.0 
31.5 
48.5 
57.0 
28.0 
12.0 
17.0 
25.0 
12.0 
150.0 
9.0 
27.0 
31.0 
50.0 14.5 
21.0 
29.0 
44.0 
51.0 
26.0 
11.0 
15.5 
24.0 
10.0 
130.0 
8.5 
21.0 
27.0 
45.0 13.0 
18.5 
25.0 
37.0 
44.0 
22.5 
10.0 
14.0 
20.5 
9.0 
130.0 
8.5 
21.0 
26.0 
42.5 14.0 
21.0 
26.5 
42.5 
50.5 
25.5 
11.5 
15.0 
23.0 
10.0 
120.0 
8.5 
21.0 
26.0 
47.5 20.0 
29.0 
34.0 
54.0 
60.0 
32.0 
14.0 
20.5 
30.0 
13.0 
145.0 
9.0 
25.0 
27.0 
55.0 ~27\Ô" 
38.0 
46.0 
73.0 
88.0 
44.0 
20.0 
27.0 
39.0 
16.0 
175.0 
13.0 
30.0 
39.0 
61.0 ~3T0" 
43.0 
54.0 
82.0 
101.0 
55.0 
22.5 
30.0 
45.0 
19.0 
220.0 
16.0 
37.0 
46.0 
71.0 30~3" 
44.0 
55.0 
86.0 
120.0 
62.0 
21.5 
31.5 
46.0 
21.0 
260.0 
16.0 
43.0 
52.0 
80.0 ~3Ô5l 
44.5 ji 
55.5'i 
90.01| 
125.0'1 
64.5 ; 
22.0 ii 
32.0 
50.0 i. 
22.01; 
290.0 II 
16.01; 
45.0 
55.0 
85.0 
Source: FEARNLEYS REVIEW 
Notes: - Prices In million US $ at the end of the year 
- Japanese and Korean yards are used as basis 9 
TABLE 5 A - PRODUCTION - SHIPS COMPLETED 
r^ppn - < T" [ mm^tim&m'^mm^wm^m^^^" w; '^ 
EEC BELGIUM 
DENMARK 
FRANCE 
GERMANY (1) 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM 
TOTAt:eEC:X:X:X:X:X;::X:X:X:: 
OTHER FINLAND 
AWES NORWAY 
SWEDEN 
TOTAUAWBSx;::::>x'-x::o::x::::'-
^APANx^x^xox^xox^x:::^ 
;KPflEA;:::::;:;:::::::;:;:;:;::x::::;::x;:::>; 
CHINA 
POLAND 
ROMANIA 
USSR 
YUGOSLAVIA 
REST OF WORLD 
:TOVVL::WO^0::::::-::::^:::::;::: 1976 
139.8 
560.6 
672.4 
1468.0 
N/A 
20.3 
353.9 
940.0 
53.0 
734.0 
985.1 
••:'-x5927;:1x:x 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
••yy.BS6BA-y-
x-x8348:.8"-x"-
•yy>y&®i*yy 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
5094.2 
•••'••&&$£:•+ 1980 
129.6 
382.4 
267.8 
672.8 
12.8 
3.0 
345.5 
249.5 
35.3 
441.4 
458.6 
•y&m:Zy; 
371.9 
323.7 
334.5 
•yJM&A:: ••; 
x:5207x2::;:: 
yyyyWWy-
N/A 
497.7 
N/A 
424.6 
170.6 
1860.4 
::l;2$$5;2: : 1981 
95.5 
343.8 
443.3 
1270.3 
5.2 
17.0 
359.2 
341.6 
6.4 
556.8 
243.2 
xsaes.-sx-: 
407.5 
342.1 
421.0 
:: 4852:9 : 
:.5S80;Bx. 
x;xSi2:2:X; 
27.9 
346.4 
N/A 
599.9 
224.8 
1696.0 
••.•*384-1-;b':-V 1982 
83.0 
329.2 
353.3 
1181.5 
61.8 
0.0 
156.2 
390.0 
31.2 
587.4 
394.0 
x'3567;6::x 
440.6 
447.8 
253.2 
' 4709:2x: 
xS8^:1::> 
:x;:$9&3:x 
104.5 
369.5 
N/A 
504.2 
220.5 
1988.5 
i458'7'.8x 1983 
173.2 
338.5 
356.8 
1267.8 
35.7 
19.2 
217.0 
415.8 
124.7 
488.7 
319.3 
: :'-3766;7:X: 
503.3 
278.3 
293.8 
•x':4832;t:x 
^x49Q8.2;x 
yy>yBQ$&y; 
170.4 
277.1 
N/A 
475.3 
217.0 
1686.7 
•X13552.-3X-1984 
102.3 
355.4 
357.2 
1164.7 
39.8 
0.0 
182.3 
259.3 
18.5 
345.9 
3Q5.3 
x^T-SDVTxx-' 
419.1 
175.9 
179.8 
x^BOSSxx 
x:fi951J1x': 
vxW**#x: 
297.8 
382.4 
N/A 
689.5 
237.2 
1519.7 
•xt4998;T-x 1985 
124.4 
444.0 
164.1 
1143.2 
43.8 
0.0 
123.8 
310.2 
40.3 
400.3 
164.4 
:x.2958;S'x::-' 
282.9 
222.1 
127.4 
:>x359Q;9.xx 
::x649a;4x:x 
:x:*633;3;x;: 
172.4 
357.5 
N/A 
274.2 
281.4 
1360.5 
xi4l$$;6-x-: 1986 
45.0 
350.7 
145.0 
1067.0 
24.7 
0.0 
60.9 
262.8 
61.0 
229.6 
141.5 
::2388#x 
260.4 
162.8 
115.5 
::2927:.:tx 
:::5Q85;.:4x 
•yl&X-Ay-
214.6 
340.0 
N/A 
170.4 
188.4 
1241.8 
:i#t$9;vx 1987 
25.9 
194.4 
207.9 
764.7 
6.6 
0.0 
224.8 
146.2 
26.3 
328.4 
162.3 
x>20.67x5'xx 
145.3 
181.3 
123.0 
x::2537:*x:. 
:x37S6:3':':: 
W.W&yy] 
207.3 
300.0 
N/A 
44.3 
3.0 
1164.5 
xS^I&OX 1988 
46.8 
277.2 
63.2 
885.0 
12.3 
0.0 
119.9 
153.1 
23.0 
326.4 
113.2 
.:>202CJ;-T.x:x 
262.7 
155.2 
72.1 
yyl&W$yyt 
•y-2B5&7-yyy 
yyA&H&yyy; 
253.1 
344.0 
N/A 
56.0 
230.5 
747.3 
•x$$98':4x x 1989 
35.5 
287.0 
198.8 
846.5 
12.5 
0.0 
284.5 
171.9 
46.3 
306.0 
157.3 
:2346;3x.: 
321.2 
79.4 
34.4 
>278T.3.x: 
:38S4;1.:x 
::1389Y2!::X 
230.0 
237.9 
N/A 
226.7 
327.7 
1024.2 
x$$8^:1>x; 1990 
71.7 
305.5 
114.0 
1001.6 
45.5 
0.0 
327.6 
263.5 
64.6 
364.8 
144.6 
2703.4 
379.0 
157.9 
45.1 
:x3285.4 
X4456V0 
•'xifc&fca 
303.5 
176.6 
N/A 
481.9 
293.4 
1095.3 
:ttfc56.:3: Wear 
1991 
21.8 
350.9 
171.1 
810.1! 
6.3; 
0.0| 
423.9 
357.0 
38.5 
301.2 
170.5 
Xx265:1:;3: 
211.6 
248.6 
46.3 
•:•:•:&$?& 
x>x4417;4: 
x;:xl7:2$;5: 
255.4 
223.0 
126.4 
365.0 
293.4 
958.2 
: 1.1526:1: 
Source: "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
(1) From 1980 on data includes production from Ex-GDR yards 
TABLE SB- PRODUCTION - SHIPS COMPLETED 
'EEC BELGIUM 
t DENMARK 
FRANCE 
GERMANY (1) 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM 
!TOTAL;:EEC::x:::x:::x:x:x:x::: 
I OTHER FINLAND 
AWES NORWAY 
I SWEDEN 
|roTAU-AWre;;:i:i:::>;:;:::::::::;:"::: 
^PAN::x:::x:::::x:::::::;::::::::X:::: 
;H©flEA;:;:;:;:;:i:;:::::::i:::::;::;.;::;;:'::i-:: 
CHINA 
POUND 
ROMANIA 
USSR 
YUGOSLAVIA 
REST OF WORLD 
'ttX&WQfi^Xwyyyyy 1976 
0.6% 
2.5% 
3.0% 
6.6% 
N/A 
0.1% 
1.6% 
4.3% 
0.2% 
3.3% 
4.5% 
>-::x"X2e.8% 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
yyyyyM$K-
yyyyySMWi 
yyyyyyyy&r 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
23.1% 
>.:'::'>'S:i0O4)% im 
1980 
1.0% 
3.0% 
2.1% 
5.3% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
2.7% 
2.0% 
0.3% 
3.5* 
3.6* 
;x:x':23tf* 
2.9* 
2.6* 
2.6* 
yWft$* 
<M$ft& 
•yyy'y>^> 
N/A 
3.99 
N/A 
3.4°/ 
1.49 
14.7°/ 
fxtOQW 1981 
0.7% 
2.5% 
3.2% 
9.2% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
2.6% 
• 2.5% 
• 0.0% 
• 4.0% 
• 1.8% 
yy- ::26;6% 
» 2.9% 
» 2.5% 
» 3.0% 
»::;x;:;x35:*% 
6;:;:;x;x40;»% 
&>>>>>>*$#> 
0.2% 
i> 2.5% 
N/A 
i> 4.3% 
i> 1.6% 
l> 12.3% 
6.x: 100.0% 1982 
0.6% 
2.3% 
2.4% 
8.1% 
0.4% 
0.0% 
1.1* 
2.7* 
0.2* 
4.0* 
2.7* 
:x:24S* 
3.0* 
3.1* 
1.7* 
'•::'>:'x#2#* 
•yy-yW^ 
•:-y--:'y^^ 
0.79 
2.5°/ 
N/A 
3.59 
1.59 
13.69 
:':xioo,p1 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 
1.3* 
2.5* 
2.6* 
9.4* 
0.3* 
0.1* 
1.6* 
> 3.1* 
> 0.9* 
> 3.6* 
> 2.49 
iyy-yy.WZ* 
> 3.7*/ 
» 2.1} 
» 2.2°/ 
Wy^XSZ* 
syyy\$6£$ 
k;yyyy-?& 
i 1.3° 
i 2.05 
N/A 
'o 3.5* 
'<> 1.6* 
6 12.4* 
Kyyyyl<&& 0.7% 
2.4% 
> 2.4% 
> 7.8% 
» 0.3% 
» 0.0% 
> 1.2% 
> 1.7% 
» 0.1% 
» 2.3% 
» 2.0% 
&X-X:::2Q;9% 
» 2.8% 
o 1.2% 
'» 1.2% 
sx;:;x;:;2fi;o% 
6:;x;x;:4fi;3% 
^•yyy;-:^M, 
& 2.0% 
4> 2.5% 
N/A 
K> 4.6% 
fc 1.6% 
t* 10.1% 
fc':-::x38>;0*. 0.9% 
3.1% 
1.2% 
8.1% 
0.3% 
0.0% 
0.9% 
2.2% 
0.3% 
2.8% 
1.2% 
:>xx":'-2a8% 
2.0% 
1.6% 
0.9% 
•yyyyy?&®k 
W?y&$k 
x:x:xt-i>S% 
1.2% 
2.5% 
N/A 
1.9% 
2.0% 
9.6% 
;x^:loap% 0.4% 
2.9% 
1.2% 
8.8% 
0.2% 
0.0% 
0.5% 
2.2% 
0.5% 
1.9% 
1.2% 
>:x^W% 
2.1% 
1.3% 
1.0% 
yyyyyZ*yV& 
•;>:••:••:::*•#$ 
yyyyyy\*&h 
1.8* 
2.8°/ 
N/A 
1.4* 
1.6* 
10.2* 
x::x:lP0jfy 0.3% 
2.1% 
2.2% 
8.3% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
2.4% 
1.6% 
0.3% 
3.6% 
1.8% 
:;yyyy;22&& 
1.6% 
2.0% 
1.3% 
yyyyy&-$&. 
yyyyyM^ 
yyyyyyy&S* 
> 2.2% 
3.2% 
N/A 
> 0.5% 
» 0.0% 
» 12.6% 
&:xxx:':1"-0B:B* 0.5% 
3.2% 
0.7% 
10.3% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
1.4% 
1.8% 
0.3% 
3.8% 
1.3% 
:::x:xZ3;5% 
3.1* 
1.8* 
0.8* 
:yyyy^s^ 
WyyWM 
•^yyyyWW 
2.9* 
4.09 
N/A 
0.79 
2.79 
8.79 
xx^QQtfS 1989 
0.4% 
2.9% 
2.0% 
8.6% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
2.9% 
1.7% 
0.5% 
3.1% 
1.6% 
yyyyy%&r% 
3.3% 
. 0.8% 
• 0.3% 
i;yyyy2&X% 
^x^xSTO* 
iyyyyyyW$$ 
» 2.3* 
o 2.4* 
N/A 
'o 2.3* 
'o 3.3* 
l> 10.4* 
^;x:':::x1Qq.^ 1990 
0.6* 
2.6* 
1.0* 
8.6* 
0.4* 
0.0* 
2.8* 
2.3* 
0.6* 
3.1* 
1.29 
yy-yy3W2& 
3.39 
1.49 
0.49 
Wyy?$& 
yyyyyy?$& 
^•yyyi$& 
> 2.6° 
> 1.5° 
N/A 
> 4.1* 
» 2.5C 
» 9.4* 
ox; XIOQS? 1991 
> 0.2% 
> 3.0% 
> 1.5% I 
, 7.0%; 
, 0.1% 
» 0.0% 
9 3.7% 
» 3.1% 
» 0.3% 
» 2.6% 
o 1.5% 
£:v:Xx;23;0.%: 
o 1.8% 
'o 2.2% 
'* 0.4% 
6xx:;xi27;4%: 
6:;x;>xi38;3%; 
^:x;.i>:;is;o.%; 
4 2.2% 
k> 1.9% 
1.1% 
I* 3.2% 
^ 2.5% 
^ 8.3% 
&xXxlOb;0% 
Source: "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
(1) From 1980 on data Includes production from Ex-GDR yards 
TABLE 6 A - NEW ORDERS 
Source: "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
(1) From 1980 on data Includes new orders from Ex-GDR yards '"!• , 
EEC BELGIUM 
DENMARK . 
FRANCE 
GERMANY (1) 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM 
i:mf^S^yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy-
OTHER FINLAND 
AWES NORWAY 
I SWEDEN 
:TOTAL:AWESx.::-x:xx-x:;x:x::: 
:dAPANx:x:x:::x:x:x:x:x>:x:x:: 
SKPRJEA;X;X;X::;X:::::X;:;:;X::;X;X 
CHINA 
POLAND 
ROMANIA 
USSR 
YUGOSLAVIA 
REST OF WORLD 
TO^:WG^:x:x:x:x:x:x:x 1976 
75.0 
317.1 
63.6 
726.1 
N/A 
19.2 
301.5 
626.4 
73.0 
297.0 
627.6 
:xx3526;g::: 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
x;x.4659;S::-" 
>xx7-337;s:,' 
x:>x32S;4:;: 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
3659.9 
>:::i50$&$:: < 
1980 
53.8 
284.6 
556.4 
613.0 
82.4 
1.3 
231.2 
373.3 
30.7 
737.5 
350.2 
::"x33t4c4o 
523.9 
381.6 
205.4 
yyy*&®$y. 
yyy$W?&y 
•yy:<Q&2:: 
N/A 
208.4 
N/A 
12.1 
242.3 
1822.0 
:x>1:4$$fcfr 1981 
81.4 
296.6 
333.0 
1249.9 
4.5 
18.2 
144.7 
365.2 
55.5 
675.2 
410.8 
:: :3835.0: x 
502.5 
408.7 
359.3 
•yy. 4905:5: x 
yyy*&Sy)yy 
•x:-:-893':3'::-
233.0 
146.0 
N/A 
24.0 
76.8 
1951.4 
x :t4953;:Tx 1982 
43.3 
250.6 
175.9 
1239.9 
10.3 
1.3 
243.2 
309.0 
27.8 
323.9 
301.5 
y-SSXXyy. 
221.1 
156.4 
184.5 
x34S8:7x-: 
•yyAQWAy-
::.1:001:5:> 
119.6 
133.3 
N/A 
68.4 
320.0 
1542.3 
M:i:533;2x-B^ww^w^'m^^mM"* 
1983 
58.7 
428.9 
136.4 
1236.9 
4.6 
0.0 
57.1 
237.3 
36.0 
222.1 
150.4 
"x:2568;4x: 
135.4 
108.8 
278.4 
x:3091:0x 
•yy7.389Xy 
::2-147;1x 
285.9 
489.8 
N/A 
N/A 
123.8 
1323.4 
:-T4850.:1x 1984 
69.5 
405.2 
106.5 
1072.9 
7.4 
0.0 
68.2 
248.4 
30.6 
92.2 
107.6 
>.220a3x 
389.5 
208.2 
34.0 
yyy&BA&Z-
x:x-6a4GJ0:: 
yyXim-& 
179.9 
417.1 
N/A 
2.9 
75.0 
1041.7 
:xi.1777.,-7 1985 
26.8 
86.0 
262.5 
1228.2 
29.4 
0.0 
257.4 
269.8 
1.2 
197.6 
224.4 
:x:xZ5B3;3x: 
158.0 
129.9 
16.1 
'yyyy&Sl-&: 
:X-X444Q;QX 
:::x:x"60s;5x 
204.0 
270.3 
N/A 
N/A 
329.6 
1383.7 
•x :ib'32t;4x 1986 
43.2 
305.9 
132.4 
1297.1 
5.1 
0.0 
229.0 
137.0 
29.5 
258.5 
112.0 
xo:25.49;:7> 
202.2 
136.4 
59.2 
y'yy2®&$: 
^yy&M&:-
yy-:WS£A-
321.5 
321.4 
N/A 
N/A 
447.3 
660.4 
:x:'9'482-;t 1987 
34.0 
219.2 
60.5 
872.4 
6.5 
0.0 
408.7 
91.9 
78.1 
421.7 
116.5 
x:x23Q&5x 
637.7 
139.2 
71.4 
x:x^1S7x8;x 
+:•:•:&&&:• 
yyyi&®&:-
263.8 
302.6 
N/A 
N/A 
130.8 
822.0 
XX974Q;}.:. 1988 
52.0 
205.3 
204.6 
877.6 
6.1 
0.0 
172.3 
356.2 
33.1 
453.8 
124.2 
•;:x.:2485:2: 
108.0 
112.1 
13.2 
•yyyZrW.B: 
xx3360:7: 
>:-X12O3:0: 
330.6 
218.4 
N/A 
92.6 
306.9 
895.2 
•:x$$^;9': 1989 
101.7 
192.4 
165.9 
1400.6 
5.0 
0.0 
564.8 
236.3 
69.6 
274.1 
209.2 
x:x:321S;6x' 
63.0 
398.8 
110.1 
x:x:a7Bl:5x 
:-::x:S879:7x 
x-:-;i.671.4:-: 
258.5 
209.5 
N/A 
214.1 
478.5 
1061.1 
:x:::1$564v3x 1990 
71.4 
596.4 
136.2 
875.6 
0.8 
0.0 
413.1 
277.1 
79.6 
487.8 
205.1 
•••:3T43-;ix 
256.7 
190.9 
3.8 
::x:3594.3:: 
x>e;m4; 
xx:2"1'6&2:' 
387.4 
218.4 
N/A 
209.1 
322.6 
1285.9 
•x-i4303.5: 1000 CGT'. 
1991 ! 
75.1"; 
265.9: 
327.9, 
559.1:1 
8.9-
o.ol 
380.5! 
296.7! 
8.3: 
74.8! 
172.61 
j 
>:::x2T69;8: 
139.4! 
118.1 
4.3 
x:x:2431:;6 
>:::4433;0. 
;x;x2278;i:! 
i 
429.7 j 
295.9J 
550.4! 
83.6 
127.4 
1285.3 
:: ::t:19i5;0 
TABLE 6 B - NEW ORDERS 
'"" "'-"•rj"'v''"'i - •*—— •• •••••••••• -»*^— ••"••••••• fleWg^^Mff^ffll^Tc^ ' 
EEC BELGIUM 
DENMARK 
FRANCE ( 
GERMANY (1) 
i GREECE 
| IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
! PORTUGAL 
| SPAIN 
| UNITED KINGDOM 
|:TOTAL:E^C::x:x;x:x:xX;X;X::: 
•j OTHER FINLAND 
ijAWES NORWAY 
| SWEDEN 
IT.OTAL^WESxox^x-xx'-xox. 
WPM^i^x^^x^^x^^x^x^ 
•I 
|KCREA;x::;:;x;xj::-x::;:;:;x;x.;-:;:;:;: 
il CHINA 
il POLAND 
'(ROMANIA 
• USSR 
j: YUGOSLAVIA 
,REST OF WORLD 
;j;tq:^:WOB^:::xi:x:;xvX:x; 1976 
0.5% 
2.0% 
0.4% 
4.5% 
N/A 
0.1% 
1.9% 
3.9% 
0.5% 
1.9% 
3.9% 
x:x":1:93%::' 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
•yyy-2&2%': 
•xx'x45J9%-: 
yyyyy^&K:-
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
22.9% 
yy--A$$fi%: 1980 
0.4% 
2.0% 
3.9% 
4.3% 
0.6% 
0.0% 
1.6% 
2.6% 
0.2% 
5.1% 
2.4% 
x-x:23;1%x: 
3.6% 
2.7% 
1.4% 
::::x'-:$0;8%';x 
>-:-;46:7%x 
•y-yySy^:: 
N/A 
1.5% 
N/A 
0.1% 
1.7% 
12.7% 
xi^Oftp&x 1981 
0.6% 
2.1% 
2.4% 
8.9% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
1.0% 
2.6% 
0.4% 
4.8% 
2.9% 
x.v:25;9i%Xx 
3.6% 
2.9% 
2.6% 
:::x^-&%;x; 
:xX41>4%xX 
'•yy^'$#$:'y-
1.7% 
1.0% 
N/A 
0.2% 
0.5% 
13.9% 
x;:tOQ.0%>';' 1982 
0.4% 
2.2% 
1.5% 
10.8% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
2.1% 
2.7% 
0.2% 
2.8% 
2.6% 
:::::3&4%x: 
1.9% 
1.4% 
1.6% 
:x-30/-2#'-x 
x:42xf%:-: 
:'yy^.y%>y 
1.0% 
1.2% 
N/A 
0.6% 
2.8% 
13.4% 
>;:iooo%;;: 1983 
0.4% 
2.9% 
0.9% 
8.3% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.4% 
1.6% 
0.2% 
1.5% 
1.0% 
:yy-17:3%:y 
0.9% 
0.7% 
1.9% 
x'::2&8%x; 
••••49-B%y-
x:x'14$%x; 
1.9% 
3.3% 
N/A 
N/A 
0.8% 
8.9% 
:;X;IOO;Q%X; 1984 
0.6% 
3.4% 
0.9% 
9.1% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
0.6% 
2.1% 
0.3% 
0.8% 
0.9% 
.x^8;8%x 
3.3% 
1.8% 
0.3% 
xx'"-:2*i1#:: 
:x-51:;3%:-
yyyM@ft; 
1.5% 
3.5% 
N/A 
0.0% 
0.6% 
8.8% 
:;':#<$;$#; 1985 
0.3% 
0.8% 
2.5% 
11.9% 
0.3% 
0.0% 
2.5% 
2.6% 
0.0% 
1.9% 
2.2% 
x:x:25;Q%x 
1.5% 
1.3% 
0.2% 
'•x-x?$XI%-:: 
••••••••4Z,m-: 
'••••••••*&&•:• 
2.0% 
2.6% 
N/A 
N/A 
3.2% 
13.4% 
x^xlOftp^X 1986 
0.5% 
3.2% 
1.4% 
13.7% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
2.4% 
1.4% 
0.3% 
2.7% 
1.2% 
::x;>26s9%; 
2.1% 
1.4% 
0.6% 
yyyZy/yy* 
•yyy2$2% 
>yyyyt*$% 
3.4% 
3.4% 
N/A 
N/A 
4.7% 
7.0% 
:X::;i:0Q;O% 1987 
0.3% 
2.3% 
0.6% 
9.0% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
4.2% 
0.9% 
0.8% 
4.3% 
1.2% 
:::x-:23;7%:x 
6.5% 
1.4% 
0.7% 
:xxx;32;4%x; 
^yy>$&P&y 
'•yyyyyt&$&y 
2.7% 
3.1% 
N/A 
N/A 
1.3% 
8.4% 
:;xxi:0p;O9*:; 1988 
0.6% 
2.2% 
2.2% 
9.6% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
1.9% 
3.9% 
0.4% 
5.0% 
1.4% 
:x>:27;2;%;:-
1.2% 
1.2% 
0.1% 
<•:<•:&%%:•:• 
•y-y.S6:B%y-
yyyyy^y^y 
3.6% 
2.4% 
N/A 
1.0% 
3.4% 
9.8% 
;:v':ipo;p%x; 1989 
0.7% 
1.4% 
1.2% 
10.3% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
4.2% 
1.7% 
0.5% 
2.0% 
1.5% 
::x 23-7% 
0.5* 
2.9* 
0.8* 
xx2&03$ 
•• '43:334 
ixl^ 
1.9* 
1.5* 
N/A 
1.69 
3.59; 
7.89 
•'x-'ioa<$ imtmrntifes 
1990 
0.5% 
4.2% 
1.0% 
6.1% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
2.9% 
1.9% 
0.6% 
3.4% 
1.4% 
:x:::x:22tf)%x 
1.8% 
> 1.3% 
> 0.0% 
;•>: ••-•2s;i%: 
^••••••••••42&%y 
,yyy:yjS2%:: 
> 2.7% 
» 1.5% 
N/A 
» 1.5% 
» 2.3% 
» 9.0% 
,yy\-yxQ&&?o: 1991 
0.6% 
2.2%: 
2.8% 
4.7% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
3.2% 
2.5% 
0.1% 
0.6% 
1.4% 
x'.x"-1fi;2%: 
1.2% 
1.0% 
0.0% 
'•:': ;2p':4%. 
x>x37:2%-
;:;:':x.';19..1.% 
3.6% 
2.5% 
4.6% 
0.7% 
1.1% 
10.8% 
:'::'.1QP;p% 
Source 'WCfiLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
(1) From 1980 on data includes n*w ordars from Ex-GDR yards 
TABLE 7 - BREAKDOWN OF ORDERS BY FLAG 
ORDERS PLACED FOR REGISTRATION U vJDER THE FLAG OF A MEMBER STATE 
With shipyard in: A - national 
B - other EC countries 
C - third countries 
% of total « 
TOTAL in '000 CGÏ 1976 
A 
I 64 B 
5 C 
31 
3027 1982 
A 
77 B 
1 C 
22 
1876 1984 
A 
64 B 
4 C 
32 
2039 1986 
A 
77 B 
7 C 
16 
1297 1987 
A 
78 B 
3 C 
19 
1737 1988 
A 
80 B I C 
6 I 15 
1243 1989 
A 
54 B 
4 C 
42 
2073 1990 
A 
60 B | C 
i 
9 ! 31 
2156 1991 
I i 
A | B C ; 
58 12 30 
1754 
ORDERS RECEIVED BY COMMUNITY SHIPYARDS 
From shipowner in:A - national 
B - other EC countries 
C - third countries 
! % of total """"l 
iTOTALin'OOOCGt 1976 
A 
70 B 
6 C 
25 
2756 1982 
A 
73 B 
1 C 
26 
1988 1984 
A 
79 B 
è C 
'if" 
1657 1986 
A 
6§ B 
6 C 
31 
1581 1987 
A 
68 B 
3 C 
29 
1971 1988 
A 
44 B 
3 C 
& 
2260 1989 
A 
4f B 
3 C 
56 
2754 1990 
A 
4f B 
è C 
53 
3143 1991 
I i: 
A | B ' C || 
47 ! 9 I 44 ;i 
2170 ' 
Source: WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
Remarks: 1976 - EEC excluding Greece; from 1986 - EEC including Portugal and Spain; from 1990 EEC including Ex-GDR \ 
TABLE 8 - TREND OF NEW ORDERS BY TYPE OF VESSEL 
1 I 1 
1977 WORLD | 
EEC | 
1978 WORLD 
EEC 
, 1979 WORLD 
,i EEC 
|| 1980 WORLD 
il EEC 
! 1981 WORLD 
li EEC 
j 1982 WORLD ; 
EEC 
1983 WORLD 
EEC 
1984 WORLD 
! EEC 
| 1885 WORLD 
EEC 
1985 WORLD 
EEC 
1986 WORLD 
', EEC 
1987 WORLD 
EEC 
1988 WORLD 
EEC 
I 1989 WORLD 
i EEC 
II 1990 WORLD 
il EEC 
19S1 WORLD 
EEC OIL TANKERS 
'000 CGT I % 
790.6 
30.9 
1185.4 
' 56.2 
3364.8 
168.1 
29Ô0.2 
273.7 
1166.7 
75.1 
662.6 
70.3 
1682.1 
92.3 
1176.2 
179.3 
470.1 
15.3 
575.4 
18.0 3.9 
4.7 
5.0 
9.2 
6.4 BULK CARRIERS 
'000 CGT 
1783.2 
75.1 
534.6 
23.6 
2744.9 
466.5 
4325.3 
425.9 
4934.9 
487.9 
2335.3 
10.6 197.5 
5370.3 
5.5 110.7 
3890.6 
15.2 165.6 
3918.4 
3.3 152.8 
2454.5 
3.11 154.9 
1199.71 j 1296.0 
0.0 i 0.01 108.0 
1404.6 
107.5 
781.8 
116.7 
1943.6 
219.9 
4127.9 
542.6 
1917.9 
215.3 7.7 
14.9 
11.3 
13.1 
11.2 1033.2 
45.3 
2164.5 
0.0 
2483.1 
70.8 % 
4.2 
4.4 
17.0 
9.8 
9.9 
8.5 
2.1 CARGO SHIPS MON CARG O VESSELS 
TO CGT 
8497.3 
1764.4 
6163.8 
1341.3 
5148.4 
1172.6 
4780.1 
1023.4 
4967.9 
1342.7 
5679.9 
1093.2 
5910.8 
1039.9 
4742.2 
4.3 944.2 
5299.9 
3.91 1029.7 
6.3 
8.3 
4.4 
0.0 
2.9 5138.8 
1033.5 
4208.4 
768.6 
4899.7 
1128.1 
3985.6 
1095.5 
6798.4 
1454.3 
1639.0 I 6530.2 
i 207.0 12.6 1541.0 
2218.0 i. 6507.9 
! 207.51 9.41 1387.4 % 
20.8 
21.8 
22.8 
21.4 
27.0 
19.2 
17.6 
19.9 
19.4 
20.1 'ooo CGI 
2969.8 
670.5 
1912.7 
591.5 
2949.8 
747.6 
2291.9 
740.8 
2433.0 
606.4 
2135.4 
628.0 
1886.9 
380.9 
1956.8 
448.8 
2089.2 
459.3 
2152.4 
i 769.6 
2778.0 
18.31 704.7 
23.0 
27.5 
21.4 
23.6 i 2402.7 
690.1 
2194.0 
j 1048.1 
2339.3 
1008.8 
2006.5 
852.0 
I 1271.3 
21.31 359.8 % 
22.6 
30.9 
25.3 
32.3 
24.9 
29.4 
20.2 
22.9 
22.0 TOTAL 
'ÔOuCÔÏ' 
14Ô4Û.9 
2540.9 
9796.5 
2012.6 
14207.9 
2554.8 
14357.5 
2463.8 
13502.5 
2512.1 
10813.2 
1989.0 
14850.1 
1623.8 
11765.8 
1737.9 
11777.6 
1657.1 
J 10321.1 
35.8 1976.0 
9482.1 
25.4 1581.3 
9740.2 
28.7 1971.0 
47.8 
43.1 
42.5 
l 28.3 9125.9 
2260.3 
13564.4 
2753.8 
14303.6 
3142.6 
11915.0 
2169.9 % 
18.1 
20.5 
18.0 
17.2 
18.6 
18.4 
10.9 
14.8 
14.1 
19.1 
16.7 
20.2 
24.8 
20.3 
22.0 
18.2, 
Source: WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
Remarks: From 1986 EEC including Spain and Portugal; From 1990 EEC including Ex-GDR. 
TADI r- <-> A r\nr*r-ry nr^r-\is 
IEEC BELGIUM 
jj DENMARK . 
! FRANCE 
! GERMANY (1) 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM 
:TOTAi;:EEe:::::X;X:X;X;X:X;X;X; 
OTHER FINLAND 
AWES NORWAY 
SWEDEN 
TOTAt:AWES'x:x':^':'x'xx:x-x:: 
^JAPANx^Sx^x-x^x-xoxxx^x 
:KOREA:::>x'x-x:x-x:x:x:x-xxx 
CHINA 
POUND 
ROMANIA 
[USSR 
YUGOSLAVIA 
REST OF WORLD 
TOTAt:WdR^0::::;:::-::::>::>:::-: 1976 
277.0 
923.5 
1770.4 
2113.3 
N/A 
43.9 
1036.2 
917.1 
N/A 
N/A 
1989.4 
x^OTQiS::: 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
x-15839.2::-
x12093:.8x: 
x>7943;2x; 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
3692.9 
X39$$9.2x •"• 1980 
331.7 
652.4 
1193.7 
950.9 
240.6 
17.8 
639.8 
493.7 
191.2 
1769.5 
615.0 
X7Q96.3X 
1144.3 
589.3 
703.8 
x9533:7-
::7297#: 
::1320:3:: 
N/A 
1634.6 
N/A 
N/A 
760.7 
5045.1 
•:SS$$fcfc:: 1981 
311.5 
618.9 
1138.2 
1082.0 
245.4 
19.3 
427.3 
551.7 
240.4 
1754.0 
768.9 
: :7:1:57;6: 
1139.5 
670.3 
646.3 
•:•:•: 9613:7 : 
x:7:457:7:: 
: :17ii:i:: 
260.9 
1459.0 
N/A 
128.9 
626.7 
5105.6 
;:;.2636:3;6;:^ 1982 
261.1 
603.9 
978.5 
1177.7 
191.4 
20.0 
480.4 
498.8 
258.4 
1325.3 
714.1 
:>6.509;6x: 
1023.8 
371.9 
494.9 
x:84Q0:2:> 
x.6640;2x-' 
x:1«64^x: 
298.3 
1174.6 
N/A 
92.7 
699.9 
4570.7 
:>2373'r.5:-:-H^m&wtM^wws'mf^i^wm Tf 
1983 
143.7 
707.7 
598.6 
1178.1 
146.1 
2.1 
356.3 
308.8 
124.1 
967.4 
506.1 
:SQ39;0 
710.3 
185.6 
494.5 
::6429-.4x 
x8477:Sx 
:2898;4x 
493.5 
1143.1 
N/A 
53.9 
492.6 
4129.7 
:241t8V5x 1984 
136.1 
692.2 
263.3 
959.4 
137.4 
0.0 
195.5 
331.6 
138.3 
690.5 
292.3 
3836,6::: 
642.2 
229.8 
267.8 
-x4S76.4;> 
x:x82S±;5x: 
yy322&i:> 
433.2 
1272.1 
N/A 
42.8 
455.4 
3448.0 
::?2P72.$:: 1985 
62.1 
442.1 
382.7 
1118.9 
119.9 
0.0 
345.5 
300.3 
94.0 
491.5 
352.5 
x.3709;S 
544.4 
148.1 
181.7 
:x4583:7,:: 
•yy.B9i&2-:' 
•yy.2S7&T-:' 
486.5 
1018.1 
N/A 
N/A 
545.9 
3435.8 
:::18563:9: 1986 
60.0 
429.8 
371.2 
1281.7 
102.8 
0.0 
465.8 
195.6 
67.0 
527.7 
325.4 
3827*0: 
483.9 
146.8 
137.5 
x:459S;2> 
:::391:5:.Sx 
•':y'*9Q&£: 
547.0 
1041.6 
N/A 
N/A 
840.0 
2796.8 
x::i5645>7;: 1987 
75.0 
473.9 
234.5 
1426.3 
121.5 
0.0 
864.8 
141.8 
108.3 
635.6 
369.7 
:::44Si:.4x 
991.0 
136.9 
93.8 
:x':5673:1'x 
:-xx29ta:5:x-
:: x263S:ix 
647.3 
1251.6 
N/A 
N/A 
751.4 
2675.0 
Xv1$$$fc&:-1988 
82.0 
459.6 
379.9 
1429.2 
116.8 
0.0 
904.2 
365.1 
114.0 
837.7 
317.1 
x:>5Q05;6:: 
962.9 
114.3 
39.0 
y exm.B> 
x:3473:9:: 
x"-:"-234-2;7x: 
809.8 
1131.3 
N/A 
74.1 
861.9 
2857.9 
•:v1767j3':4:-1989 
147.7 
589.7 
361.9 
1974.0 
113.6 
0.0 
1188.6 
414.5 
155.7 
853.7 
376.5 
x.6175;9 
652.1 
422.8 
115.3 
••.••'x:7366:l 
:.x:S686.5 
XX28:13.1: 
681.0 
1080.1 
N/A 
248.5 
1011.4 
3071.2 
:::2i:967;9 « _ 
1990 
154.4 
927.7 
397.2 
1955.0 
69.1 
0.0 
1298.4 
443.4 
181.6 
1004.1 
418.9 
•x: 6849,8: 
589.4 
463.6 
64.3 
x x7967xf 
x:::7494:7 
;:3pm7: 
813.6 
1136.6 
N/A 
343.1 
1046.9 
3343.5 
x:25646.2 1000 CGT) 
1991 
213.4 
876.6 
556.8 
1529.9 
73.0 
0.0 
1190.9 
387.5 
153.1 
757.2 
413.6 
6 f 52.0 
494.3 
381.8 
23.9 
:. 7052.0 
>:x7621:;8: 
3922;7 
942.0 
999.7 
912.6 
360.4 
886.3 
3240.2 
25937;7 
Source: 'WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
(1) From 1980 on data includes order book from Ex-GDR yards 
TABLE9B- ORDER BOOK 
R^S'EbYiéURE^'À'ttHE'E^'QP'WËV'CT ' W^lWwteS 
1976 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 
!';EEC BELGIUM 0.7% 1.3% 1.2% 1.1% 0.6% 0.6% 0.3% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.7% 0.6% 0.8% 
ji DENMARK 2.3% 2.5% 2.3% 2.5% 2.9% 3.1% 2.4% 2.7% 2.9% 2.6% 2.7% 3.6% 3.4% 
Si FRANCE 4.5% 4.7% 4.3% 4.1% 2.5% 1.2% 2.1% 2.4% 1.4% 2.1% 1.6% 1.5% 2.1% 
j GERMANY (1) 5.3% 37% 4.1% 5.0% 4.9% 4.3% 6.0% 8.2% 8.6% 8.1% 9.0% 7.6% 5.9% 
il GREECE N/A 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.7% 0.5% 0.3% 0.3% 
|j IRELAND 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 
i| ITALY 2.6% 2.5% 1.6% 2.0% 1.5% 0.9% 1.9% 3.0% 5.2% 5.1% 5.4% 5.1% 4.6% 
ji NETHERLANDS 2.3% 1.9% 2.1% 2.1% 1.3% 1.5% 1.6% 1.3% 0.9% 2.1% 1.9% 1.7% 1.5% 
j| PORTUGAL N/A 0.7% 0.9% .1.1% 0.5% 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.7% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 
|| SPAIN N/A 6.9% 6.7% 5.6% 4.0% 3.1% 2.6% 3.4% 3.8% 47% 3.9% 3.9% 2.9% 
UNITED KINGDOM 5.0% 2.4% 2.9% 3.0% 2.1% 1.3% 1.9% 2.1% 2.2% 1.8% 17% 1.6% 1.6% 
!TOTAl:EEe::::::x:x 22.9%: 277%: :27;W:x x:27;4%: 20;9%: '•17.4%:: •20-0%: 245%: :26:9%:x:x::::28;3%::x:::x28;i%x:xx267%: 237% 
(jOTHER FINLAND 
jIAWES NORWAY 
SWEDEN N/A 
N/A 
N/A 4.5% 
2.3% 
2.8% 4.3% 
2.5% 
2.5% 4.3% 
1.6% 
2.1% 2.9% 
0.8% 
2.1% 2.9% 
1.0% 
1.2% 2.9% 
0.8% 
1.0% 3.1% 
0.9% 
0.9% 6.0% 
0.8% 
0.6% 5.4% 
0.6% 
0.2% 3.0% 
1.9% 
0.5% 2.3% 
1.8% 
0.3% 1.9%;' 
1.5%!| 
0.1%!! 
!TOTAL:AWES: 40JQ%: ::37;3%:: :36:5%: 35.4%: 267%: :-2&s%:- :24i7%: 29:4% 34:3%:: 34.6%: 33.5%: :31:;1% 27.2%: 
JAPANx: 30.6% :28:5%:: :28:3%: :28:'0%. :35;2%:: :37;2%:: 31.9% 25.0% :17:6%:: .19.7%: •25.9%: :29..:2.%:: :29:4%:j; 
KOREA: :20:t%: :;5:2%:: x6:5%: ::7:6% •yi£&&-yyyyM6%: .1:3.9%: t2^%: :15;9:%:: ::13:3%: :;1:2;'8%: :i3.6% is.r 
CHINA 
POLAND 
ROMANIA 
USSR 
YUGOSLAVIA N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A 
6.4% 
N/A 
N/A 
3.0% 1.0% 
5.5% 
N/A 
0.5% 
2.4% 1.3% 
4.9% 
N/A 
0.4% 
2.9% 2.0% 
4.7% 
N/A 
0.2% 
2.0% 2.0% 
5.8% 
N/A 
0.2% 
2.1% 2.6% 
5.5% 
N/A 
N/A 
2.9% 3.5% 
6.7% 
N/A 
N/A 
5.4% 3.9% 
7.6% 
N/A 
N/A 
4.5% 4.6% 
6.4% 
N/A 
0.4% 
4.9% 3.1% 
4.9% 
N/A 
1.1% 
4.6% 3.2% 
4.4% 
N/A 
1.3% 
4.1% 3.6%;: 
3.9%!; 
3.5%" 
1.4% I; 
3.4%;; 
REST OF WORLD 9.3% 19.7% 19.4% 19.3% 17.1% 15.6% 18.5% 17.9% 16.2% 16.2% 14.0% 13.0% 12.5%! 
!jTOTALWORLD:::: 
i :;x;:;i0p#%:x:x;i:Ô0^ 
Source: "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
(1) From 1980 on data includes order book from Ex-GDR yards 
TABLE 10 - ORDER BOOKS AND DELIVERY SCHEDULE 
j 
BELGIUM 
DENMARK 
FRANCE 
GERMANY 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM 
TOTAL EEC SHIPS 
COMPLETED 
1991 
21.8 
350.9 
171.1 
810.1 
6.3 
0.0 
423.9 
357.0 
38.5 
301.2 
170.5 ORDER BOOK 
AS AT 
31/12/91 
213.4 
876.6 
556.8 
1529.9 
73.0 
0.0 
1190.9 
387.5 
153.1 
757.2 
413.6 FOR DELIVERY IN: 
1992 | 1993 I 1994 
! • 
128.4 
432.8 
182.5 
892.5 
73.0 
0.0 
466.1 
291.6 
116.8 
531.3 
215.1 
2651.31 6152.01 3330.1 85.0 
329.6 
59.3 
557.1 
0.0 
0.0 
447.5 
86.3 
20.7 
192.3 
75.2 0.0 
114.2 
63.0 
70.3 
0.0 
0.0 
235.9 
9.6 
15.5 
33.6 
98.6 
1853.0! 640.7 1995 
AND BEYOND 
0.0 
0.0 
252.0 
10.0 
0.0 
0.0 
41.4 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
24.7 
328.1 
Source: WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
Remarks: Data includes order book from Ex-GDR yards 
TABLE 11 - EMPLOYMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEW VESSELS IN THE COMMUNITY 
aresiE 
SELolUM 
DENMARK 
FRANCE 
GERMANY 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM 1975 1978 1979 1980 19811 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 
2367 
7900 
6800 
14732 
1535 (4) 
0 
9675 (3) 
3500 
4245 
12550 
6494 ~W7— 
8400 
6600 
15297 (5) 
550 
0 
9840(6) 
3900 
3845 
11940 
6126(7) 2418 
8600 
6100 
27763 (8) 
0 
0 
8299 (9) 
4000 
3820 
11440 
5984 (1) 
(2) T46T 
16630 
32500 
46839 
2316 
869 
25000 
22662 
N/A 
N/A 
54550 5574 
12000 
25300 
31113 
N/A 
840 
20000 
17540 
N/A 
N/A 
41050 "-§258" 
9000 
23000 
27369 
N/A 
750 
19000 
14540 
N/A 
N/A 
31200 ""63S3" 
11400 
22200 
24784 
2672 
750 
18000 
13100 
N/A 
N/A 
24800 §347 
11350 
22200 
26521 
3393 
762 
16500 
13100 
N/A 
N/A 
25345 
T^TAL^R-.-i-.-:-:-.-.-.-.l.-.-a«i»l-:-:-istBy 
Table compiled from national sources 4680 
11800 
21600 
27600 
2900 
882 
13750 
12800 
N/A 
N/A 
25000 7m 
11200 
21000 
25966 
2812 
550 
12800 
11250 
N/A 
N/A 
20486 —45S5" 
10300 
16940 
22183 
2000 
0 
12800 
10330 
N/A 
N/A 
14655 3923 
10200 
15053 
22260 
2000 
0 
12000 
6236 
5370 
18000 
14200 ""2995" 
7000 
13700 
18184 
1709 
0 
11570 
5400 
5087 
18000 
12500 2548 
7000 
8940 
12875 
1621 
0 
9500(3) 
3600 
5020 
17300 
11500 2270 
7300 
6850 
14845 
1855 
0 
8428 (3) 
3500 
4412 
14000 
9000 
:i3-H17 ^mm Ï255'18' I2l6l2 mm MÎ 
(1) From 1988 on the figure covers jobs in new shipbuilding and naval and para-naval building {convertion, naval vessels and off-shore). 
Figures for the preceding years using the same method are: 1975 - 32500,1980 - 23700.1985 - 17700. 
(2) From 1875 to 1984 including naval dockyards estimated to be: 1975 - 1800.1978 and 1979 - 3200.1980 - 3400.1981 and 1982 - 3200.1983 and 1984 - 2800 
(3) 2780 unemployed should be added to 1987's figure. 2850 to 1988's figure and 2581 to 1989's figure. 
Of these 2000 represent a structural overcapacity for whom no new jobs can be found 
(4) Include* naval building 
(5) Excluding jobs in Ex-Guffs yards 
(8) Of which 1838 currently inactive 
(7) Revised figure 
(8) Including 11700 jobs In Ex-GDR's yards 
(9) 1321 unemployed should be added to this figure, representing a structural overcapacity, whose ettmination is foreseen during 1992 
~-!>e>~. 
TABLE 12 
RENAVAL ZONES 
St Niklaas - Antwerpen 
DK 
Aalborg 
Vest Loi land' 
ESP 
Pais Vasco 
D 
Bremen 
Emden 
LUbeck 
Hamburg 
Loi re-Atlant ique 
Dunkerque 
Haute Normandie 
Basse Normandie 
Provence 
Charente I 
Genova 
Tr ieste 
Venezia 
NL 
RM Jn-Delta 
Amsterdam-Noord 
Setubal 
UK 
Plymouth 
Strathclyde 
Fife 
Tyne and Wear 
Cleveland 
Merseys ide 
ANNEX 2 
GLOSSARY 
(/ul/morvi/RAP90) 
-"Vi w 
GLOSSARY 
1. Tonnage Measurement 
The word "tonnage" is a term used to give an indication of a ship's size. 
It can have widely differing meanings depending upon the purpose of the 
assessment, e.g. measuring the vessel's volumetric capacity or its weight 
carrying capacity. 
Measurement systems have, therefore, been laid down in tonnage regulations 
for specific purposes but, due to differences in national criteria used, 
the outcome is not necessarily the same for similar vessels registered 
under different flags. 
On 18 July 1982, the 1969 IMO Convention on Tonnage Measurement for Ships 
entered into force, affecting all ships built after that date for 
registration in signatory countries. Thus, a uniform system for the 
calculation of two of the most important notions, viz. "gross tonnage" and 
"net tonnage", is now being applied to an increasing number of ships of the 
worId fleet. 
2. Types of tonnage 
- Displacement tonnage 
A ship's displacement is the weight of water displaced by the ship; the 
displacement tonnage equals the sum of the ship's actual weight 
(lightweight) and its maximum allowed contents (deadweight). 
- Lightweight tonnage 
The lightweight is the weight of the ship as built (hull, outfit and 
machinery) including boiler water, lubricating oil and the cooling water 
system's contents. 
(Commercially it is almost only employed when considering the scrapping 
va lue of a sh ip). 
(/u1/marvi/RAP90) 
-V* 
- Deadweight tonnage (dwt) 
Deadweight is the total sum of the weight of the cargo which a ship can 
carry and the weights of its fuel, stores, water ballast, fresh water, crew 
and passengers plus baggage. It represents the difference between the 
loaded ship d Espacement and the lightweight. 
(Commercially it is the notion most commonly used by shipowners in order to 
assess the transport capacity of a vessel in relation to heavy and/or bulk 
cargoes). 
- Gross register tonnage (grt) 
grt is a value calculated according to various national regulations in 
order to indicate the volumetric internal capacity of the ship, certain 
spaces being, however, exempted; it is expressed in gross register tons of 
100 cubic feet or 2.83 m3. 
(Before the coming into force of gt regulations it was widely used for 
registration purposes, levying of harbour fees and duties, etc). 
- Net register tonnage (nrt) 
nrt is equally a calculated value supposed to represent the earning 
capacity of the ship; it is obtained by deducting certain non revenue-
earning spaces form the grt and it is accordingly expressed in 100 cubic 
feet uni ts or 2.83m2. 
(Its use is similar to that of grt but less frequent and mainly as the 
basis for port charges). 
- Gross tonnage (gt) 
gt is the tonnage calculated according to the 1969 Tonnage Measurement 
Convention. It is a dimensioniess value now gradually replacing grt for all 
official purposes concerning vessels under flags of signatory countries. 
(The commercial and legal applications of gt will make it the most widely 
used parameter). 
(/u1/morvi/RAP90) 
-àc(-
- Net tonnage (nt) 
Net tonnage is likewise calculated according to a formula laid down by the 
1969 Tonnage Measurement Convention. It is also a dimensioniess value and 
not be taken as less than 0.30 gt. 
(It replaces nrt in many of its former applications but there is a tendency 
towards a more universal use of gt for harbour and canal duties.) 
3- Compensated gross register tonnes (cgrt) 
Compensated gross tonnes (cgt) 
The volume of work that goes into building a vessel is not directly related 
to its size but also depends on its type, degree of technical 
sophistication etc. For statistical purposes, regarding the output and 
order intake of the shipbuilding industry, the AWES as well as the OECD 
developed in the late sixties a series of special coefficients, for 
different ship types and sizes, by means of which the work content involved 
in the building of homogeneous groups of vehicles could be assessed from 
their grt values (grt x coefficient = cgrt). 
Initially the AWES and the OECD coefficients diverged markedly, but in 1977 
new coefficients for cgrt calculations were developed by the AWES, which 
were subsequently also agreed upon by the OECD. This explains why certain 
1976 (or earlier) OECD statistics in cgrt are not, or not always, 
comparable with other series. 
With the coming into force, in 1982, of the IMO Convention it became again 
necessary to modify the compensated tonnage calculation system, in order to 
take into account that for certain ship types (in particular RoRo-vessels, 
car ferries and vehicle carriers) gt values have increased considerably as 
compared with grt values. Moreover, recent ships of these types tend to be 
of more complex build and new coefficients have, therefore, been adopted. 
They are applicable as from 1 January 1984. 
(/ul/marvi/RAP90) 
"Vsr-
4. Compatibility of OECD and LMIS statistics 
The data for the OECD statistics are supplied by the OECD member 
governments. Where the Member States are concerned they constitute, 
therefore, an official source, but since the data only refer to the 
situation in the OECD member countries they cannot be used for making 
worldwide comparisons. Moreover, the calculation of cgt (or cgrt) values is 
carried out by the respective administrations so that discrepancies may 
sometime arise as to when an order is regarded as being definite, in the 
classification of vessels and as to what coefficient should be used for 
establishing cgt for certain vessels of a hybrid type. 
The data produced by Lloyd's Maritime Information Services (LMIS) are not 
infallible either, but because they are gathered worldwide by LMIS own 
outposts according to uniform criteria, they constitute a more homogeneous 
source of information allowing comparisons on a global level to be made. 
LMIS supplies information to the Commission under a contract and the basic 
data only contain gt (or grt) and dwt references. The cgt (or cgrt) values 
are calculated at the Commission's Joint Research Centre in Ispra by 
computer processing of the LMIS input, using the OECD calculation 
coeff i c ients. 
Despite certain differences which can sometimes arise from the different 
procedures for establishing the OECD and the LMIS/Commission series of 
statistics, the two sets of data show trends which generally point in the 
same direction. Since the divergence between the two sources is only 
random, and the present report is essentially concerned with indicating the 
main trends, the reference to only one source is generally of no 
consequence. 
(/u1/morv i/RAP90) 

-^tÇ-
KSN 0254-1475 
COM(93) 91 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 10 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-93-113-EN-C 
ISBN 92-77-53566-0 
Office for Officiai Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg