COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
COM(95) 47 final 
Brussels, 22.02.1995 
1994 
Annual Report 
on 
Humanitarian Aid · 
(presented by the commission) 
CONTENTS 
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 
2. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 
2.1 Legal Basis 
2.2 Transfer of "Humanitarian Food Aid" from DG VIII to ECHO 
2. FPAs 
3. HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS DURING 1994 
3 .1 Statistical Overview 
3.2 General Operational Problems Encountered 
3 .3 Ex-Yugoslavia 
3. 4 ACP Countries 
3.5 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 
3. 6. Eastern Europe 
3.7 Asia (including Northern Iraq) 
3.8 Middle East 
3.9 Latin America 
4. HORIZONTAL ACTIVITIES 
4.1 Information and Visibility 
4.2 Coordination/Cooperation with other Services, Organisations and Donors 
4.2.1 Inter-Service Coordination on Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons 
and Returnees in Third Countries 
4.2.2 Member States 
4.2.3 European Parliament 
4.2.4 NGOs 
4.2.5 United Nations 
4.2.5.1. Implementing UN Agencies 
4.2.5.-2. Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) 
4.2.6 United States 
4.3 Evaluation 
4.4 Disaster Preparedness 
4.5 Informatics 
5. FUTURE PLANS 
5.1 Expected Future Emergencies 
5.2 Strategic Considerations 
I. -EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 
1994 was the second full year of operations for ECHO. Faced with the multiplication and 
aggravation of international humanitarian crises the Community increased resources for 
, humanitarian relief from the 605 MECU spent in 1993 to well over 760 MECU in 1994. This 
effort of international solidarity went to relief of victims in 63 countries around the world in 
the following regions: African Caribbean and Pacific Countries (ACP) ( 42.4 per cent), the 
former Yugoslavia (35.3 per cent), Eastern Europe ( 0.4 per cent), the former Soviet Union 
(11.9 per cent), the rest of Asia including North Iraq (6.3 per cent), Latin America (2.8 per 
cent) and North Africa .(0.5 per cent). 
Around 85 per cent of the Commission's humanitarian aid is directly implemented through 
partners (41.9 per cent through NGOs, 32.7 per cent through the UN agencies, and 8.2 per 
cent through other international organisations). 150 partners have signed the Framework 
Partnership Agreement (FPA) which became operational in September 1993. After the first 
trial year the FPA has been generally acclaimed as successfully streamlining relations with 
partners and has raised operational efficiency. Following a fruitful dialogue with partners in 
1994 on the lessons learned with the FPA, it is expected that the system will be further 
improved in 1995. 
Within the institutional framework for humanitarian operations two important changes took 
place. Firstly, in July 1994 the Commission sent a Communication to the budget authority in 
which it commits itself to propose a legal basis for budget lines used for humanitarian actions 
by ECHO. A proposal will be made in the first half of 1995 and will define the scope of 
humanitarian actions, coordination and means of doing so with Member States, International 
Organisations and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). Secondly, 50 MECU worth of 
food aid programmes of a humanitarian character have been identified within the food aid 
programme of the Directorate General for Development (DG VIII). The Commission has 
decided that with effect from the beginning of 1995 these short-term actions will be 
administered by ECHO. Massive onset food crises will be the subject of closer cooperation 
between the two services. 
The Commission has also decided to reinforce inter-service coordination in another area of 
major importance to humanitarian assistance. As from the beginning of 1995 all Commission 
actions in favour of refugees, internally displaced persons and returnees in Third countries 
worth a total of 455 MECU will be coordinated by a permanent inter-service group, currently 
chaired by ECHO, with representatives from the Directorates-General for External Affairs 
-(DG I and DG -IA), Directorate General for Development (DG VIII) and the Secretariat 
General (SG). This -group is mandated to prepare all Commission decisions on assistance to 
refugees, internally displaced persons and returnees in third countries in a coherent manner 
that considers all aspects of the continuum from relief to resettlement/development. The 
group will also help the Commission to define a common refugee strategy. Finally., in 
accordance with the agreement to boost EU-UNHCR coordination in refugee matters reached 
by Vice President Marin and Mrs Ogata, the High Commissioner for Refugees in December 
1993, the group will also prepare the common platform for negotiations with UNHCR. · 
1 
Contacts between the European Parliament and the humanitarian aid services of the 
Commission have grown during 1994. There has been a high level of attention within the 
European Parliament and its committees to all issues related to relief, follow--up and 
prevention of humanitarian crises. 
The closer dialogue in the field of humanitarian aid between Member States and the 
Commission, instigated by the Council in 1993, has continued in 1994 to promote mutual 
understanding of operational and non-operational matters. In addition to country and regional 
issues, discussions between the Member States and ECHO have covered other relevant issues 
of humanitarian action, for example disaster preparedness, humanitarian degree qualifications, 
evaluation, relations with international organisations, transport and logistics. Further steps are 
in hand to strengthen the mutual exchange of information on humanitarian aid in third 
countries as a first step towards more operational cooperation in the future. The three new 
Member States -Austria, Finland and Sweden -participated in the mechanism for dialogue 
for the first time in 1994. 
In addition to UNHCR, the Commission has also continued efforts during the reporting year 
to cooperate more closely with other UN agencies. Following an agreement at the end of 
1994 on the so-called "audit agreement", the way has been paved for other UN agencies to 
sign the Framework Partnership Agreement along with lJNHCR. For as non-operational 
matters, the Commission has maintained close relations with various parts of the UN system, 
especially the Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA). Exchange of disaster information, 
consolidated humanitarian appeals, disaster preparedness have been among the most important 
horizontal areas for cooperation. 
The humanitarian service of the Commission continues to strengthen relations with its 
counterparts within the US Government, the other major donor of humanitarian assistance on 
the international scene. The two parties now exchange information at all levels and meet 
regularly to discuss regional or global issues related to humanitarian aid operations. 
Apart from improved coordination and efficiency ECHO has been mandated to give the 
Community's humanitarian aid a higher profile. It is part of ECHO's strategy to create such 
visibility jointly with its regular partners, the NGOs and international organisations. In most 
cases this cooperation has worked well although certain organisations must be regularly 
reminded about their contractual obligations with regard to visibility. A number of 
publications have been produced in 1994 which have attracted public interest in the work of 
ECHO. In close cooperation with Member States, humanitarian media events to project the 
humanitarian dimension of the EU have so far been organised in Madrid, Berlin, and Zagreb. 
During 1994, a Disaster Preparedness Programme was launched by the Commission. The 
programme seeks to enable a selection of disaster-prone countries to cope better when a 
disaster strikes. Human resource development, management and institutional strengthening and 
community-based programmes using low-cost technology are all part of the programme. 15 
projects (totalling 2.2 MECU) have been selected for funding. At the multilateral level, 1.1 
MECU have been allocated to the UN Department of Humanitarian affairs for the 
International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) as well as for studies 
concerning the use of military and civil defence assets in humanitarian operations (MCDA). 
2 
In order to learn from past experience ECHO has carried out 33 evaluations of a wide 
selection of humanitarian actions since November 1993. On the whole, evaluati.ons have been 
received positively by humanitarian partners who consider them as an instrument that can help 
all parties to improve their performance. Most evaluations have resulted in positive reviews 
of partners; where problems have occurred these have been discussed in the spirit of 
partnership. To further streamline evaluation work, an evaluation manual is being drawn up 
in ECHO. 
ECHO cannot predict or programme in any meaningful way humanitarian actions. But 
improvements in the efficiency of the Office have created a higher degree of readiness to 
assist in future crises. Unfortunately, this strategy ·has its limits. During the past four years 
Community humanitarian aid has increased sevenfold. A continuous and open-ended growth 
in funding is neither a realistic nor a satisfactory strategy; there is no acceptable alternative 
but a preventive strategy. 
At Community level preventive strategy first reqmres that all aspects of 'humanitarian 
continuum' are considered (i.e. prevention, preparedness and if necessary relief and 
rehabilitation and their links with long-term development) and become a natural part of all 
foreign policy initiatives when dealing with disaster-prone regions of the world. Preventive 
strategies should also include carefully designed efforts to protect victims of conflicts and 
develop anticipated action through access to key decision makers. 
2. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 
2.1 Legal Basis 
On 6 July 1994, the Commission adopted a communication to the budget authority concerning 
the legal basis. It committed itself to propose the legal basis for a number of Community 
budget lines, for which no legal basis so far exists, apart from the general budget 
authorization. 
The Commission thus intends to submit shortly a draft regulation covering all budget lines 
used by ECHO. In the "Statement by the Council and the Commission on humanitarian 
action" of November 25, 1994, the Council, in view of the increasing importance of 
humanitarian aid, welcomed this initiative. This legal basis should define the scope of 
humanitarian action, coordination as well as the conditions for cooperation between the 
Community, the Member States, the international and non-governmental organizations. The 
Council also underlined the importance of transparent and quick procedures as well as clear 
criteria with respect to cooperation with NGOs in humanitarian assistance. 
3 
2.2 Transfer of "Humanitarian Food Aid" from DG VIII to ECHO 
Since its creation ECHO has been responsible for the budget line "emergency food aid" which 
until 1992 was administered by DG VIII/Food Aid Division. A certain part of the food aid 
still administered by DG VIII could also be characterized as humanitarian in nature. So far 
a total of over 50 MECU worth of "humanitarian" food aid programmes have been identified. 
The specific criteria for the new division of labour is as follows: 
(a) food aid operations that are specifically humanitarian will be handled 
by ECHO; 
(b) development-related food aid operations, structural aid, food-security 
projects and other projects with a development component will be 
handled by DG VIII/Food Aid. 
(c) in the event of a serious food crisis, or a humanitarian crisis in which 
food is a major factor, all Community food instruments will be 
coordinated in a single operation, with such coordination being 
provided by DG VIII/Food Aid Unit in food crises and by ECHO in 
humanitarian crises. 
( d) the two services will liaise permanently in order to maximize 
consistency and coordination and ensure as efficient and smooth a 
transition as possible between humanitarian operations and 
rehabilitation or development projects. 
A Commission Communication to this effect was adopted in December 1994; the fine tuning 
of the transfer will begin in January 1995. 
2. FPAs 
Following the Commission's Communication of 5 May 1993 establishing the Framework 
Partnership Agreement (FPA), the new instrument became fully operational in September 
1993. To date, more than 150 NGOs and international organizations have signed this 
Agreement with the Commission (the full list of ECHO partners is shown in Annex 1). 
The FPA was conceived to deliver more efficient humanitarian operations, to speed up the 
procedures and to simplify the decision-making process. After a first trial period of more than 
one year, .there can be no doubt that the introduction of the FP A has contributed to better 
dialogue between ECHO and the partners. The FPA represents a clear improvement over the 
previous situation, allowing requests and proj~cts to be handled in a more streamlined way. 
Implementation of the FPA has, however, revealed a number of areas where further 
4 
improvements may be necessary so as to promote a quicker and more flexible response to 
both natural and man-made disasters .. A certain number of problems have been raised by 
partners, in particular:. delays in the processing of proposals; details required for the 
submission of proposals; duration of projects; payment procedures and budget flexibility. 
These observations resulted in a series of consultation meetings between ECHO and the 
partners, the first on 7 June 1994 in Geneva at the initiative of the International Committee 
of the Red Cross. Two similar meetings were later organised by ECHO in July and October 
1994. ECHO has put forward certain proposals aiming at meeting key concerns of partners. 
A "dialogue" group of partners has tabled proposals too. This could result in a slight revision 
of the FP A system in the future. 
In parallel to this exercise, an independent evaluation of the functioning of the FPA confirmed 
that the system works by and large. Changes proposed in the evaluation study have in many 
cases been incorporated in the aforementioned proposals to the partners. 
3. HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS DURING 1994 
3.1 Statistical Overview 
Throughout the year, the Commission responded to the pressing needs of victims of man­
made as well as natural disasters in around 70 countries across the globe involving 1002 
contracts of humanitarian aid for a total of 764 MECU (see Figure 1). The full geographical 
breakdown of operations during 1993 and 1994 is shown in Annex 2. 
The Commission's sources of finance in 1994 were the Community budget for a total of SO I 
MECU including a reserve of 233 MECU, and the European Development Fund under the 
Lome IV Convention which contributed 263 MECU (see Figure 2 below as well as the 
breakdown of decisions by source of finance in Annex 3, Annex 4 and Annex 5). 
5 
r~ 0:;~/.*t-~/t :~·•M*-: 
.~:?~. * *. ·. f-·', *** 
0 Figure 1 
FINANCIAL DECISIONS FOR HUMANITARIAN AID BY REGION 
---------------- .... -···-----·. ----~ 
/~ (65.4%) 
EX-YUGOSLAVIA/,,,, ----
(16.5%) 
I 
ACP LATIN AMERICA 
✓ 
la:2~-- NORTH AFRICA 
(3.7%)-~--ASIA 
:;:-· (3.6%).._. 
(0.1%) --------IRAK 
)8.5%) \ 
EASTERN EUROPE 
C.I.S 
. -·------·-· ·-----··· -------------------
11199411 
NORTH AFRICA 
~0.5%) 
(42.4%) 
/ 
ACP 
..... ---------··---·--- ----ASIA (35.3%) EX-YUGOSLAVIA 
GLOBAL ~ 
c2.Wofo>0:!-LA TIN AMERICA 
(2.9%) 
~------I RAK 
(11.9%) ~ 
(3.40/~ ~ ( .4%) C. I. S. 
I " EASTERN EUROPE 
---\-\ *** * •• * *M* * * *•* 
E C H 0 
I Detailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Source of Finance 1992 -1994 ~ 
:::, 
0 w 
~ 1000 1:J'. 
-----------·-··-·- . .--------, 
800 
600 @:• 
I 400 1--~-: : : : : : ,-----. 
·······-· ------··--···· ------1 
200 
0 
LOME IV LOME Ill Budget I 
I 
TOTAL Figure 2 
*** * •. * *M* * * *** 
I ~ 1990 
: 0 1991 
! ~ 1992 
I D 1993 
! a 1994 en 
C: 
0 
~ Figure 3 
Total Humanitarian Assistance 1990 -1991 -1992 -1993 -1994 
300 anwunts in E~U 
200 
100 
0 V t=1 
i 43,222,500 0 
I 2,013,855 13,461,500 
I 11,368,642 21,526,340 
I 55,194,966 3,546,195 
I 91,131,833 4,777,000 I OTHER 
GOVNTS 
1,415,000 
0 
25,325,000 
10,400,000 
1,800,000 UNITED NATIONS 
29,249,500 7,231,000 1,762,000 ----l--11,256,000 14,154,000 
87,685,529 4,778,000 3,652,400 I 46,524,500 33,244,000 
111,446,577 1,552,000 1,089,626 i 122,843,166 36,809,900 
263,480,750 7,354,697 4,740,000 189,723,733 64,499,515 
254,763,605 5,697,079 600,000 L_]98,725, 139 50,085,603 
Around 85 per cent of the resources administered by ECHO are channelled through partners 
of which, NGOs account for 41. 9 per cent, UN agencies for 32. 7 per cent and other ' 
international organisations for 8.2 per cent.. Only around 14 per cent was executed as "direct 
actions" by the Commission, essentially in the former Yugoslavia. It should be noted that 
even "direct actions" in most cases depend on NGOs (often local) who help with the 
distribution of aid in the field. It is important that the Commission through ECHO should 
have the capacity to carry out direct actions~ but it must also be understood that these actions 
are only contemplated when the traditional partners cannot fully meet the needs of a given 
situation. 
An overview of the contracts awarded to partners during the period 1990-94 appears m 
Figure 3 above (the full table is shown in Annex 6). 
3.2 General Operational Problems Encountered 
Before looking geographically at the specific actions undertaken in 1994, it is worth dwelling 
on a few of the more important general problems encountered in the implementation of 
humanitarian aid during the reporting year. 
 Mobilization of partners. In the past it has often been a problem for the 
Commission to mobilize partners for certain disaster regions of the world. As 
a result ECHO has organized meetings with NGOs interested in operating in 
countries where there is a chronic, rather than a sudden, emergency situation. 
This seems to have worked particularly well in Iraq and in the Caucasus 
Region, allowing ECHO to establish overall balanced programmes. It is 
intended to organize similar meetings for the increasingly important Central 
Asian areas of the Former Soviet Union. 
 Logistical obstacles. In some cases ECHO encounters problems in getting aid 
to the final beneficiarie~ because humanitarian convoys are increasingly subject 
to security problems, are dependent on administrative authorizations on the 
ground, or are subject to unauthorised diversion (e.g. ex-Yugoslavia and 
Angola). Another serious logistical bottleneck has arisen in several cases when 
field conditions and permanent conflicts prevent the organisation of land 
transport and ECHO has had to rely on more costly air transport ( e.g. in 
certain operations in the Horn of Africa). 
 Cooperation with World Food Programme (WFP). A number of operational 
problems with the actions executed by the WFP have been discussed with this 
organisation during 1994. It is expected that solutions can be found in the near 
future -in order to meet the Community's reporting standards and expectations 
for transparency and fast deliveries of humanitarian assistance (see further 
4.2.5.1). 
 Visibility. In spite of clear contractual obligations there has been a tendency 
for some partners not to give the Community the necessary visibility in j_oint 
operations. ECHO will make further efforts in 1995 to encourage non-
9 
complying partners to adhere to their obligations. 
 Coordination of partners. In order to introduce efficient coordination of the 
large numbers of partners (especially NGOs) that take part in certain 
Community-funded emergencies, ECHO has tried within the framework of 
certain of its "global plans", to give one partner a coordinating role. Due to 
non-acceptance by several partners, this approach has born little fruit. As an 
alternative ECHO in the summer of 1994 adopted a regional approach in 
Rwanda and channelled its financial contribution to the relief programmes for 
refugees and returnees through UNHCR which was given the task to 
coordinate and to identify relevant humanitarian partners. The success of this 
experiment was confirmed at an evaluation meeting of ECHO, UNHCR and 
NGOs in November 1994 even if NGOs have expressed some reserves about 
this approach. ECHO will continue to make any effort in order to contribute 
to strengthen the coordination mechanisms in the humanitarian aid. 
3.3 Ex-Yugoslavia 
Since the start of the conflict in 1991, the EU has given a total of ECU 954 million in 
humanitarian aid to the former Yugoslavia, broken down as follows: 
1991: 
1992: 
1993: 
1994:-13 MECU 
277 MECU 
395 MECU 
269 MECU 
If bilateral Member State aid is added, the overall total is ECU 1. 5 billion or 70% of all 
intern·ational aid, making the EU the world's top donor in the region. 
In 1993, humanitarian aid to ex-Yugoslavia came to 395 MECU or 63.4% of all such 
assistance administered by ECHO that year1. This was divided between humanitarian agencies, 
with 38.5% going to non-governmental organizations, 18.7% to the UNHCR, 13.2% to the 
WFP, 4 o/o to other UN bodies, 10 % to the ICRC/IFRC, 9.9% for direct operations, and 5.7% 
to other bodies. 
This year the Commission approved eight decisions, worth 269 MECU, for humanitarian aid 
programmes for refugees and displaced people in the various republics (see Annex 7). 59 
MECU of this went to UN agencies. 30.8% of the total went on foodstuffs, 7.5% on 
toiletries, 18.5% on medical assistance, 19.9% on logistics, 3.0% on psycho-social 
programmes, 9.7% ori basic, emergency rehabilitation operations, and 10.6% on miscellaneous 
equipment. 
1993 annual report 
10 
The fall in 1994 in Community spending on humanitarian assistance to the region is due to 
a number of factors. Firstly, the schedule drawn up in Autumn 1993 (decisions of 22 October, 
16 November and 6 December totalling. 175 MECU), covered all food, health, medical, 
logistical and basic needs throughout former Yugoslavia until March 1994. Secondly, from 
April onwards, free access led to a resumption of commercial traffic and to the partial 
recovery of local economies. Thirdly, the number of people receiving humanitarian aid 
(displaced persons, refugees and the needy) fell from 4.2 million to 2.2 million. 
To meet the needs of the 1994/95 winter, the Commission adopted a decision for an 156 
MECU humanitarian aid programme on 17 November, with the following priorities: 
extension of vital medical and health programmes; 
extension of psycho-social programmes, mainly through education and social 
resettlement schemes for those scarred by the conflict; 
supply of -logistical means needed for the above programmes; 
continuation of support for basic emergency rehabilitation activities. 
This latest decision earmarks 89.5 MECU (57%) for Bosnia-Herzegovina. A further 45 
MECU will go to the UNHCR to enable it to continue with the above programmes ( covering 
basic necessities, logistics, health care and shelter). Croatia will receive 19.5% of the aid 
total, Serbia-Montenegro 17%, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 5.8% 
and Slovenia 0.1 %. 
In Croatia, the European Community Task Force (ECTF), set up by the Birmingham 
European Council in December 1992 and based in Zagreb, continues to coordinate EU aid and 
provide logistical support to bodies working in the field, the UNHCR and NGOs. 
In Serbia-Montenegro, ECHO-Belgrade is responsible for administering and monitoring EU­
sponsored operations and for overseeing the direct aid for refugees staying in family homes, 
displaced persons and people in need of social help. 
In Bosnia-Herzegovina 50.1 % of the aid granted went on vital programmes targeted at 
besieged· communities in the enclaves of Sarajevo, Zenica, Tuzla, Bihac and Banja Luka. The 
Commission also supported the activities of the International Management Group (IMG) with 
financing for basic emergency rehabilitation projects (water, electricity and shelter) in Mostar, 
Sarajevo and other parts of the republic, which are vital for a return to normal life. 
Overall, therefore, the need for humanitarian aid in the former Yugoslavia eased this year 
despite continuing un·certainty about the future of the conflict. 
lJ 
3.4 ACP Countries 
In 1993, 100 MECU was granted for humanitarian assistance programmes in over 25 
countries. The 1994 figure for Africa was 324 MECU or 42.4 % of the total for the whole 
ACP. Over 263 MECU was committed under Article 254 of the Fourth Lome Convention2, 
while the rest came from budget article B7-5000 for activities in Somalia, Haiti, Angola, 
Sudan and for people from Rwanda and Burundi. 
The year saw the adoption by the Commission of eight general humanitarian assistance 
"global" plans to help tackle the crisis in Burundi and Rwanda, the wars in Angola and 
Sudan, and hardship in Zaire and Haiti. 
In Angola, an 18 MECU plan for the six months from February to August gave support to 
the programmes of around twenty NGOs, the ICRC, the UNHCR and the WFP. As an 
extension to this global plan, a financial decision of 6 MECU was approved by the 
Commission in November. 
In Sudan, a 17 MECU plan was launched for a six-month period (April to October) for 
displaced people in the south of the country and Sudanese refugees in Uganda. 16 NGOs, the 
UNHCR, UNICEF and the IFRC were involved in the programme. In December, a further 
8 MECU was directed towards the same target population. 
In Zaire, a 6 MECU plan was adopted by the Commission in July to cover the basic needs 
of displaced people in Shaba, Kasai and North Kivu, also for a six-month period. 
A number of humanitarian aid plans were adopted for Burundi before the crisis of 6 April 
to which Commission responded with the following regional plan: 
13.5 MECU was given for Burundi refugees in neighbouring countries following 
the 18.3 MECU general plan approved in December last year. The plan went to 
support the activities of ten NGOs, the WFP, UNICEF and the UNHCR between 
mid-February and April 6. 
A general 14 MECU plan was approved for displaced persons and returnees from 
Burundi, covering the six months from mid-March. Those partners who requested 
extensions for their activities are still being covered by the plan. 
8 MECU went to nine NGOs to cover the needs of 350 000 displaced Rwandans 
in the north of Rwanda for the six months from mid-February to mid-August. The 
programmes involved had to be suspended on 6 April but have all since been re­
targeted. 
On 6 April, a regional approach was adopted by ECHO to meet the considerable need for 
assistance- provoked by large-scale and rapid population movements at the start of the 
2 Of the amount of 263 MECU, 12 MECU was transferred in the form of an advance in July 1994 
from art. 255 of the Fourth Lome Convention in favour of victims of the crisis in Rwanda. 
12 
Rwandan crisis. In a bid for more effective and coordinated action, ECHO adopted a flexible 
regio11al plan. It gave the UNHCR responsibility for identifying and coordinating humanitarian 
programmes for refugees and displaced people in neighbouring Tanzania, Burundi, Zaire and 
Uganda. Since adoption, 167.5 MECU has gone to people in need under this approach. 
In Haiti, the Commission's latest humanitarian assistance plan this year is designed to provide 
an all-round response to the most pressing needs faced by vulnerable groups . The six-month 
plan has provided 12 MECU for medical, food and health programmes. 
In addition to these integrated programmes and despite the fact that the lion's share of funds 
went to the Rwanda and Burundi crisis, ECHO managed to support assistance programmes 
in over 25 countries (see Annex 2). Included were the repatriation of refugees in Eritrea, a 
project to help displaced persons in Ghana, a campaign against cholera epidemics in Guinea, 
Guinea Bissau and Chad, assistance for displaced and refugee Somalis in Kenya, 
programmes to combat drought in Chad and Tanzania, help fo,r Touareg people in Mali, a 
scheme in Papua New Guinea, and aid for Ghanaian refugees in Togo and displaced groups 
in Nigeria. 
Liberia and Somalia were also the targets for aid. In Liberia, ECHO gave 7.4 MECU for 
medical, health and water distribution programmes to meet the needs of over a million people 
affected by the civil war. Finance was given for operations to help Liberian refugees in 
Guinea and Cote d'Ivoire. 
In Somalia, ECHO gave a further 8.3 MECU despite the worsening conditions in which 
NGOs have to operate. ECHO has attempted to maintain a skeleton presence in the country 
to counter the famine and epidemics which could re-emerge if fighting resumes. 
The 324 MECU given to the ACP in humanitarian aid this year was three times the 100 
MECU granted in 1993. More than 65% of this, or ECU 218 million, went to refugees, 
returnees and displaced people from Rwanda and Burundi. This brings the total of aid given 
to the region since the start of the Burundi crisis on 21 October last year to ECU 248.4 
million (see Annex 9). 
The new form of cooperation and partnership instigated during the Rwandan crisis between 
ECHO, the UNHCR and NGOs working in the field has generally been judged to be effective. 
Cooperation and coordination of this type could be the key in any future operations to deal 
with such large-scale sudden-onset emergencies. 
Another regional operation was undertaken in East Africa (Somalia, Southern Sudan and 
Rwanda) where many ECHO-funded projects necessitating. air transport were runnning 
simultaneously. -The ECHO FLIGHT air transport system, based in Kenya, was created 
in 1994 as an economically sound alternative by exploiting economies-of-scale, and as an 
effective service in the field for both goods and personnel. As a result of ECHO FLIGHT, 
the cost of EU-funded humanitarian air transport in the region has dropped by 36 per cent 
si nee the system was created. 
13 
3.5 Commonwealth of Independent States 
During 1994, the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States were fortunately less 
plagued by internal and neighbouring conflicts than in 1993, even if the underlying causes had 
not been settled. This relative calm, however, showed up the more basic humanitarian needs 
that had been neglected in the past due to other pressures, so that the total aid granted to the 
CIS at just over 90 MECU showed an increase of 76 % compared with the 1993 figure of 
51.3 MECU. 
The Commission's humanitarian assistance to the CIS continued to be concentrated on its 
activities in the three countries of the Southern Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia), 
which together received 55.5 MECU, compared to 34.4 MECU in 1993. This increase in 
volume is all the more remarkable, given the difficulties of transport both to and inside the 
region. Much of this aid was concentrated on medical assistance, but each of the three 
countries benefitted from the special food aid programme for the Caucasus and Central Asia 
administered by ECHO. 
Out of the Commission's 204 MECU programme covering Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, 
Kyrghyzstan, Moldova and Tajikistan, the Commission humanitarian component amounted 
to 35 MECU. The Southern Caucasus countries receiv~d together 19 MECU (included in 
above-mentioned 55.5 MECU for the region) while contributions were also made to each of 
the other three above-mentioned countries of Kyrghyzstan, Moldova and Tajikistan. 
Kyrghyzstan and Tajikistan pose special problems for supplying aid in quantity because of 
the weather conditions during much of the year. Equally, it is only recently that the 
Commission's humanitarian partners have begun to operate in Kyrghyzstan. 
The Humanitarian Office was also active in Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. 
In these three countries, the emphasis was on alleviating the effects of the Chernobyl disaster, 
which is now showing up in increasing numbers of thyroid cancer cases and the need for 
specialist medical monitoring and care. Emergency assistance was also given to Ukraine to 
combat an outbreak of cholera. 
Another thematic approach was applied to the problem of basic vaccinations in the CIS, since 
these had largely fallen into abeyance with the disintegration of the former Soviet Union. As 
part of an overall plan drawn up by the WHO and UNICEF, ECHO contributed to vaccination 
campaigns in the Southern Caucasus, Belarus and Ukraine. 
At the end of the year, a contribution was made to the International Committee of the Red 
Cross to bring relief to those suffering from fighting in the Autonomous Republic of 
Chechnya, Russian Federation, and it was expected that this aid would be increased during 
early 1995. 
3.6 -Eastern Europe 
In Eastern Europe, assistance of medical and basic supplies was given to Albania, together 
with an emergency programme following an outbreak of cholera, while consideration was also 
being given to basic medical aid in Bulgaria. 
14 
3. 7 Asia (including Northern Iraq) 
In Asia humanitarian aid continues to be dominated by the problems of Afghanistan and Iraq. 
Even if other assistance was available to Afghanistan from different budgetary lines of the 
Commission ECHO contributed over 12 MECU to aid the plight of the refugees and those. 
in some_of the areas still wrecked by civil war. Much of this aid has of course been medical 
but many areas are extremely difficult to reach without putting our partners at unacceptable 
personal risk. This is unfortunately particularly true in the areas of greatest urgent neE;d, as 
around Kabul where large-scale fighting continues. 
In Iraq the Commission continued to be by far the largest provider of assistance . The total 
for the year was 22.5 MECU, slightly more than in 1993. In the North there was a slight 
adjustment in the type of aid given with fuel for cooking and heating no longer being 
provided and certain projects aimed at restoring agricultural production being supported. 
Despite this, it was still necessary to maintain food to many of the most vulnerable groups 
in the North. The Commission continued its programme of support in the Marsh areas of the 
South and under strictly controlled conditions overseen by the Dutch Red Cross, gave 
assistance to some of the most needy in the Government controlled areas. Access to the 
North, already cut off from the South by the Baghdad government imposed embargo, was at 
times made even more difficult by ,Turkish controls in the South-East of their country. 
Apart from these two major areas of humanitarian need Asia continued to have its share of 
natural disasters from flooding and volcanoes together with the aftermath of civil strife. This 
led to actions in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and 
Vietnam. 
3.8 Middle East 
In this region Commission's humanitarian service continued to play a role in aiding the 
Occupied and Autonomous Territories, including the nascentPalestinian Administration. 
A total of 4. 7 MECU was granted, split almost equally between food and medical aid. 
The Humanitarian Office was also active in helping with the after effects of the fighting in 
Yemen and assisted the Sahraoui and Tuareg refugees in Algeria. Natural disasters such as 
earthquakes and the destruction of vast areas led to emergency assistance to Algeria and 
Egypt. 
3.9 Latin America 
In Latin America the main beneficiary of humanitarian aid continued to be Cuba which 
received a total of 14 MECU. If the neuroptic disease identified in 1993 had been largely 
contained,- the general situation in Cuba remained such that there is an ongoing need for 
medical and food aid. The continuing relatively large programme for this country means that 
it was essential to ensure that our chosen partners could operate without the governmental 
influence traditionally felt in all aspects of Cuban life. The necessary negotiations delayed 
the start of part of the programme but nevertheless ensured that with the appropriate controls, 
15 
the programme is now being implemented as intended. 
Elsewhere in the region the Commission assisted refugees in Central America and the 
victims of the uprising in Mexico, but the majority of the actions amounted to standard 
humanitarian responses to disasters by assisting with ongoing basic needs. The Commission 
actively supported humanitarian programmes in Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Peru 
and El Salvador. 
4. HORIZONTAL ACTIVITIES 
4.1 Information and Visibility 
Information about European Commission Humanitarian Aid, both as part of public awareness 
as well as transparency, is now a well established part of its operations. While one expects 
that a major donor like the EU should receive a high profile that is commensurate with its 
contribution, visibility cannot and will not be a conditioning factor to determine humanitarian 
aid in any emergency situation. In keeping with this philosophy ECHO has extended its public 
information role through the press and the audio-visual media. 
Press releases for every single allocation are now standard practice.-
The list of publications included the Annual Report, the quarterly newsletter (ECHO News), 
regional background reports on a specific humanitarian crisis (ECHO Files) and an 
assortment of brochures and leaflets on different aspects of our humanitarian operations. 
A start has been made in producing publications and audio-visuals jointly with operating 
partners within the field of humanitarian aid. The International Committee of the Red Cross 
provides a good example of such cooperation in public information. However, the 
Commission still has some way to go on this road. In order to obtain the full impact of the 
humanitarian response of the EU, ECHO is working to establish a network of information and 
visibility in much closer cooperation with the public relations departments of its NGO 
partners. 
The Member States have also played a role in the projection of the EU humanitarian 
dimension. Presentation of humanitarian operations through media events, were organised in 
Madrid, Berlin and Zagreb, with the patronage of the highest authorities. The inclusion of 
the 'Humanitarian Day' in Berlin in the events of the German Presidency set a good precedent 
to be followed in the coming Presidencies with events in Paris and Barcelona. 
In recognition of the-important role played by the Commission's humanitarian partners in 
generating visibility for operations in the field, clear ground rules have been established in 
the Framework Partnership Agreement. In spite of clear contractual obligations there has been 
a tendency for some partners not to give the Community the necessary visibility in joint 
operations. ECHO will make further efforts in 1995 to encourage non-complying partners to 
adhere to their obligations. 
16 
4.2 Coordination/Cooperation with other Services, Organisations and 
Donors 
4.2.1 Inter-Service Coordination on Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons and 
Returnees in Third Countries 
Humanitarian aid actions financed by the Commission are subject to an internal consultation 
procedure whereby all relevant services are heard before a final decision is taken. Within a 
particular area, however, that of refugees, internally displaced persons and returnees, a special 
need for a more intense type of cooperation was identified at the end of 1993. 
When Vice-President Marin and Mrs Ogata signed the first Framework Partnership Agreement 
for humanitarian aid on 13th December 1993 in Brussels both parties agreed to establish a 
Joint High-Level Group in order to coordinate the UNHCR and EC actions and strategies. 
To assure, in its dealings with the UNHCR, a single position and a single policy for aid to 
refugees outside the European Community, the Commission subsequently established a High­
Level Inter-Service Group with participation of DG I and DG VIII under the chairmanship 
of ECHO. The mandate of the Inter-Service Group was to : 
o establish a coherent Community approach embracing all available EU 
instruments; o o 
0 define a common strategy; and 
0 establish common ways and means for working more closely with the UNHCR 
within the field of refugees, returnees and displaced persons. 
As a result of the Group's work, a Communication on the Coordination of Aid towards 
Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons and Returnees in Third Countries was adopted on 25 
November 1994. The Communication calls for the following measures : 
0 the creation of a Permanent Inter-Service Group (PISG), comprising DG I 
N/S, DG VIII/Food Aiq, DG VIII/Refugees, Secretariat General and DG IA 
under the chairmanship of ECHO, with the aim of supporting, in a more 
coherent manner, the whole "refugee continuum" (from short-term to long-term 
assistance) and encouraging preventive actions in third countries; 
0 the mandate of the PISG will include: 
preparation of the Commission's decisions on assistance to 
refugees, displaced persons and returnees in third countries; 
reflection on future need for assistance and preventive actions 
17 
towards refugees, displaced persons and returnees in third 
countries, including the examination of a future common 
Commission policy in this area; 
coordination of the Commission's actions within the field of 
assistance towards refugees, displaced persons and returnees in 
third countries with UNHCR and other international 
organisations. 
preparation of proposals relating to a more coherent legal basis 
for aid to refugees, internally displaced persons and r~turnees 
by rearranging budget lines or adapting existing budget lines. 
Subsequently, the PISG has adopted Implementing Rules and set up a database that will make 
it easier to follow all Commission actions towards refugees, internally displaced persons and 
returnees in a given area. The new database system is also designed to record linkages 
between actions of different services with a view to facilitate coherence and follow-up along 
the "refugee continuum 11
• 
The importance of the PISG in coordinating Commission actions towards_ refugees, internally 
displaced persons and returnees in Third countries was further underlined at the end of 1994 
when new estimates showed that these actions totalled around 450 MECU for that year. 
4.2.2 Mem her States 
In May 1993 the Council inaugurated a new mechanism of dialogue between Member States 
and ECHO on the humanitarian action of the Union. In 1994 this dialogue, based essentially 
on quarterly meetings to debate humanitarian aid issues across the board, got into full stride. 
At the heart of such meetings were factual reviews, based on extensive documentation, of 
situations in individual countries or regions where the Union and its Member States are 
extensively engaged in humanitarian aid operations. While not formally speaking a 
coordination mechanism, this form of dialogue has enabled Member States and ECHO to 
obtain a more thorough understanding of what each is doing, where and how. 
In addition to the country and regional discussions, dialogue between Member States and 
ECHO lias covered a number of other relevant issues of humanitarian action, for example 
disaster preparedness, humanitarian degree qualifications, evaluation, relations with 
international organisations, transports and logistics. 
Additionally Member States and ECHO came together on a number of occasions in ad hoc 
meetings to discuss action in specific major theatres of operation such as northern Iraq, ex­
Yugoslavia, Rwanda; Haiti etc. 
The four prospective new Member states -Austria, Finland, Sweden and Norway -
participated in the mechanism for dialogue for the first time during the summer. 
More systematic information is being compiled on the details of Member States' humanitarian 
aid policies and programmes based on a questionnaire. 
18 
For a number of years now reporting on humanitarian aid actions has been promoted through 
what is known internationally as the "Fourteen-point telex" system. ECHO has introduced 
some refinements to this system which is progressively becoming the backbone for 
information exchange within the Union. 
-4.2.3 European Parliament 
Traditionally humanitarian aid has been assimilated by and large into the development sphere 
as concerns the political and technical attention devoted to it by the European Parliament. 
Hence it has been primarily the Development Committee of Parliament that has provided the 
forum for debate on humanitarian issues. Considerable attention to humanitarian matters has 
also been a feature of the Joint ACP-EC Assembly and of the Committee for External Affairs, 
Security and Defence and the Sub-Committee on Human Rights. The Commission has eagerly 
seized several occasions during the year to present its humanitarian policies and actions before 
Parliament, to reply to questions and to debate, particularly before the Development 
Committee. Parliament has not been in a position to stage a full-scale debate on the 
humanitarian action of the Union during a plenary session. 
Following the elections in May which brought into Parliament a number· of new MEPs with 
pronounced interests in humanitarian aid, a new Intergroup on preventive diplomacy and 
humanitarian action was created. This forum, which attracted broad cross-party support, 
promises to introduce new dimensions into Parliament's monitoring and appreciation of the 
humanitarian work of the Union. One of the .initiatives taken by this forum is to promote the 
creation of a "Humanitarian Observatory'~ which is intended to give Parliament and the 
European Union as a whole -a better possibility to predict and act on emerging crises. 
4.2.4 NGOs 
The basic statistics of ECHO for 1994 tell their own story about the partnership principle that 
lies at the heart of ECHO's operations; of the total volume of humanitarian funding managed 
by ECHO during 1994 on behalf of the Union, 41.9% was contracted with non-governmental 
organisations (NGOs). 
Altogether during 1994, 548 contracts were signed with a total of 147 NGOs for humanitarian 
aid projects in 63 countries. 
1994 ushered in the first full year of operations with partners using the Framework 
Partnership Agreement, initiated in May and operntional from September 1991. By the end 
of 1994 a total of 150 partners had signed the FP A, among them 144 NGOs. 
From early on it was recognised by all concerned, by ECHO as well as by its partners, that 
the working of the FPA during its first year would involve some measure of trial and error 
and that an early review of its functioning would make sense (see above 2). The conclusions 
to be drawn from this review exercise are currently being studied. 
19 
Numerous opportunities arose during the year for consultation between ECHO, NGOs and 
other partners over present and prospective field operations. In global plans for ACP countries 
and elsewhere such consultations did much to promote a more rational use of scarce human 
and material resources. 
Dialogue with NGOs has not been restricted to operations. There have been occasions during 
the year when the Commission has been able to talk with NGOs on broader issues of mutual 
concern. Various national NGO platforms also provided welcome opportunities for frank and 
constructive debate. At Easter the symposium run by the Brussels-based NGO Liaison 
Committee on "Conflict, development and military intervention" further fuelled a sharpening 
debate within the international humanitarian community, heightened by the complex of issues 
over prevention. 
4.2.5 
4.2.5.1 United Nations 
Implementing UN Agencies 
The traditionally good relationships between the European Commission and the implementing 
UN agencies within the field of humanitarian assistance received a boost at the end of 1993 
when the Commission signed the first Framework Partnership Agreement (FPA) with 
UNHCR. Unfortunately, when other UN agencies like WFP, UNICEF and WHO wanted to 
sign the agreement during 1994, this moved was blocked within the UN Secretariat in New 
York where there were problems in accepting the "audit clause" (art. 28 ) of the FPA which 
stipulates that the Commission always has the right to request a financial report on activities 
it finances and to pay a field visit to these activities. Meanwhile, showing the flexible 
approach of the Community, the various aid services of the Commission (including ECHO) 
were allowed, on a temporary basis, to finance operations with the UN. 
Following negotiations between the UN and Community during 1994, a compromise accepting 
the "audit clause" subject to certain clarifications has been approved by both parties. The 
compromise will open the way for other UN agencies to sign the FP A. 
A number of UN agencies have been involved in the implementation of humanitarian 
assistance financed by the Commission and are regarded as close partners. As shown in 
Figure 4 and Annex 8 below, contracts with UN agencies have grown fast both in absolute 
and in relative terms. Whereas contracts with UN partners amounted to 10 per cent of the 
total in 1990, this amount increased to 32. 7 per cent in 1994. Consequently, the UN family 
as a whole is at the moment the Commission's most important partner after the NGOs ( 41. 9 
per cent) within the field of humanitarian aid. 
Among the UN partners, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 
is particularly important. In 1993 this agency was allocated 87 MECU, 15 per cent of all 
humanitarian contracts. The bulk of this amount was spent on humanitarian assistance to ex­
Yugoslavia during 1993. In 1994, the funds allocated to UNHCR amounted to 141 MECU, 
23.2 per cent of all humanitarian contracts, of which, 79.8 MECU directed to the victims of 
the Rwandan crisis (equivalent to 48 per cent of all UNHCR funds for the crisis). 
20 
Among other actions carried out by the UNHCR with Community funding one should 
mention assistance to the victims of the conflicts in Sudan, Togo, Somalia, Angola, 
Azerbaijan, Ex-Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Mauritania, Algeria and 
Russia. 
The Commission maintains an excellent relationship with UNHCR officials at all levels. This 
special relationship has been institutionalized in that the Commission and UNHCR have 
agreed to establish a Joint High-Level Group in order to coordinate UNHCR and EC actions 
and strategies (see 4.2.1). 
The second most important partner within the UN agencies is the World Food Programme 
(WFP). The total amount routed through the WFP came to 43 MECU in 1994. This 
corresponds to 7 .1 per cent of the total humanitarian contracts financed by the Commission 
in 1994. Commission operations (through ECHO) with the WFP have been used to finance 
emergency food aid operations, mainly for the Rwandan/Burundi crisis, the former 
Yugoslavia, but also in Angola, Sudan, Laos, Tajikistan and Ghana. 
A number of operational problems with WFP-executed actions have been discussed with WFP 
throughout 1994. The problems often concern delays in delivery of food in emergency 
situations and insufficient transparency with regard to WFP purchasing and delivery 
procedures. As a result some improvements have been made with regard· to WFP's reporting 
for certain types of operations and further improvements are expected in the future. 
Following the compromise on the "audit clause" (see above), it is hoped that WFP will be in 
a position to sign the Framework Partnership Agreement in 1995. 
During 1993 and 1994, the World Health Organisation (WHO), the United Nations 
Children and Education Fund (UNICEF) and United Nations Refugee Works Agency 
(UNRWA) have signed contracts worth 9.2 MECU, 25 MECU and 6.5 MECU respectively 
for operations in the former Yugoslavia (WHO), Liberia, Mozambique, Angola, Kenya, 
Sudan, Rwanda, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan (UNICEF) and Palestine (UNWRA). A 
smaller contract has been signed with the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United 
Nations (FAO) for combatting the effects of pests and locuts in Africa. 
The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) acting as the representative of WHO in 
the Americas has been financed by ECHO to carry out three projects (2.1 MECU) in Haiti 
and Latih America during 1994. 
21 
E 
µ 
,-....; *** I * •• * *M* I I I * * I *** I Figure 4 
C H 0 
EC CONTRACTS WITH U.N. AGENCIES FOR HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE 
1990 -1991 -1992 -1993 -1994 
i 
I o 1990 
! D 1991 
I oo 1992 
! ti:l 1993 
(_ I 1994 1/) 
C 
~ 
~ 150 
100 
50 
0 I arrJfl.UD1sJn_£ 
,__, ~ 
WFP FAO 
2,955,000 0 
16,853,000 0 
35,831,586 0 
71,318,781 868,000 
43,220,716 0 WHO UNDRO 
0 500,000 
0 0 
3,809,500 110,000 
9,250,000 
0 0 -· II -I 
UNHCR UNICEF UNDP r UNRWA l SP. UN op. I 
5,044,000 1,687,000 300,000 I 770,000 I 0 I 
22,640,500 5,547,000 198,000 7 0 l 1,286,000 i 
78,232,580 4,127,000 470,500 j 0 I 262,000 I 
87,955,354 13,631,598 i 6,000,000 i 700,000 
140,996,038 11,338,135 0 450,000 I 2,720,250 -----··-·-·-- ----· -- i 
4.2.5.2. Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) 
As a non-member of the United Nations (UN) the European Community only has the status 
of an observer in internal UN matters. Consequently, the Commission and ECHO have not 
taken part in the often intense debate among UN Member States on the performance and 
future of the UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs. 
Having said this the Commission nevertheless has a strong interest in the success of DHA, 
given its coordinating role within the UN system and its function as an assembly point for 
humanitarian donors at large. 
As a result the Commission hopes that the re-organisation introduced by the new Under­
Secretary General appointed in May 1994 will bear fruit. However~ the existing decision­
making structure within the UN system and the limited funds available to the DHA to carry 
out its mandate are likely to remain limiting factors. 
Among the specific areas where ECHO has been in close contact with DHA during 1994, one 
can highlight: 
(1) the Escrow account (which continues in effect to double the financial 
possibilities of donor contributions by releasing frozen Iraqi funds in 
the US in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 778); 
(2) exchange of humanitarian information through the Financial Tracking 
System (14 points faxes) and IERRIS; 
(3) support of preparedness programmes under IDNDR (see section 4.4); 
( 4) support of DHA's MCDA project; 
(5) Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeals. Although the Commission is not 
in a position to respond directly to global appeals, it nevertheless uses 
these appeals as a source for evaluating the extent of disasters. 
In addition to these specific areas, ECHO officials have maintained good relations with DHA 
officials in Geneva and New York at all levels throughout 1994. 
4.2.6 United States 
The United States initiative for the "Greater Horn of Africa" (including the Horn countries, 
Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania) was presented in June. Since the most 
important-aspect of the much publicised plan (drawn up for President Clinton by Mr Atwood) 
concerned rehabilitation and long-term preparedness against drought, as well as general 
development, the main thrust of the negotiations took place between USAID and DG VIII. 
The fact that food security in many of the countries in question has greatly improved ( due to 
23 
good rains in 1994) has meant that ECHO has not been required to take part in a special 
action for the countries covered by the American initiative. 
During the reporting year, the US Government has invited other ECHO staff Members to its 
Disaster Assistance Management training courses and a two-man senior mission visited the 
key humanitarian services within the US administration in the middle of November 1994. 
The status of the Commission's relations with the US government within the field of 
humanitarian aid can be summarized as follows. 
( 1) Exchange of views. A body of general knowledge has been built up on 
both sides of the Atlantic concerning the humanitarian services 
operating in the Commission and Washington. Officials are often in 
contact about general matters (UN, WFP, exchange of information etc) 
as well as on operational matters in specific conflicts. In spite of the 
fact that both the Commission and the US have their own political 
agendas and preferences (refer to the Greater Horn of Africa initiative 
above), the two have nevertheless arrived at a situation where it has 
become part of the administrative culture to check with the other in 
most general or operational matters of importance. 
(2) Exchange of data. The exchange of data on past actions was initiated 
in early 1994 and will be further developed in 1995 when ECHO's new 
informatics systems are fully in place. This will give both parties 
access on real-time to information on all decisions taken within the 
field of short-term humanitarian aid. The US information will include 
Food for Peace Programmes and the Commission will send data about 
ECHO's programmes. In the next phase it is hoped to include data on 
food aid from DG VIII and refugee programmes from outside ECHO. 
The US will work towards including their refugee programmes and 
special humanitarian programmes for Central and Eastern Europe as 
well as NIS (State Department). It is also possible that both parties 
will agree in due course to exchange data on actions that are­
contemplated (after a request has been administratively approved but 
before a formal decision is taken). 
(3) Joint Assessments and Evaluations. A further point where a potential 
cooperation is being developed concerns assessments and evaluations 
before and during a crisis. Joint assessment missions would be a cost­
effective way to work together and would mutually benefit operational 
co-operation at a later stage of a given programme. 
4.3 Evaluation 
The evaluation work carried out by ECHO in 1994 centered around two main poles: 
evaluations of ECHO financed operations, their organisation· and their follow-up and the 
24 
elaboration of a methodology of evaluation to assess humanitarian aid operations. 
Between November '93 and November '94 a total of 33 evaluations have been carried out, the 
majority of which have been of operations implemented by NGOs and UN-agencies: such as 
medical operations, food aid, rehabilitation, shelter, logistics and information operations. 
All the evaluations, except two, took place during on-going operations. The emergency 
situations involved were all manmade and were geographically situated, as follows: Europe 
(Ex-Yugoslavia, Albania); Ex-USSR (Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbadjan, Tadjikistan, 
Kyrghyzstan), Middle East (Palestine, Iraq), Africa (Somalia, Kenya, Eritrea, Rwanda). 
ECHO not only evaluates humanitarian operations in the narrow sense. The instruments that 
support the Office in accomplishing its actions have also been or are in the process of being 
examined, such as the European Task Force situated in Zagreb and the functioning of the 
Framework Partnership Agreement. At present, the role of Member State NGOs· in 
humanitarian aid operations is the subject of a survey as well as the pilot project of regional 
air flights in the Horn of Africa. 
Overall, the partners have reacted very positively to the evaluations. They consider them a 
demonstration of interest by ECHO of their work as well as of the wish of ECHO to improve 
continuously the performance of humanitarian operations. 
On the whole, the evaluations done so far have produced pos1t1ve assessments of the 
implementation of operations by partners. The improvements that could be made of different 
aspects of operations have been discussed in the spirit of partnership, the aim of ECHO being 
maximum possible efficiency in the use of credits for humanitarian aid. 
Parallel to evaluation on the ground, the Office is developing its methodology of evaluation 
and definition of best use of evaluation results. A draft manual of evaluation is under 
discussion as a tool for-evaluation tasks and as an aid to actors in humanitarian aid to exploit 
evaluation results. 
4.4 Disaster Preparedness 
Following consultation with other Commission services, the ECHO Disaster Preparedness 
Programme was launched in 1994. Overall, the Programme has three main aims. First, to 
improve the impact of the Commission's relief effort. Second, to co-ordinate activities of the 
different Commission services in the field of disaster preparedness. This is done through an 
inter-service group meeting on a bimonthly basis. And finally, to help shape the direction of 
the European Union's preparedness policy. 
The disaster preparedness Action Plan reflects the recommendations of the IDNDR 
(International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction) Yokohama World Conference, in which 
ECHO led the Commission delegation in May 1994. 
It focuses on three themes: 
(i) human resource development 
25 
(ii) management and institutional strengthening 
(iii) community-based, low-cost technology for disaster preparedness. 
These have been chosen for specific reasons. First, the effectiveness of external relief 
assistance largely depends on appropriate locally based disaster preparedness structures. 
Second, strengthening local capacities and self-reliance, along with international co-operation, 
are the most cost-effective and sustainable approaches to disaster management. 
In fulfilling its mandate, ECHO disaster preparedness measures involve both natural and man­
made disasters. 
Activities have so far ranged from supporting studies and workshops on preparedness, to the 
implementation of projects at nati~nal and international levels. Through several studies and 
workshops, the Programme has promoted the exploration of issues pertaining to disaster 
preparedness, the sharing of information, the development of common policies, and the co­
ordination of activities among organizations involved. ECHO is implementing 15 projects on 
national/regional levels in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, for an amount exceeding 2.2 
MECU. These range from Community managed flood credit funds in Bangladesh to eartquake 
preparedness in schools and hospitals in Central America, and training in drought resistant 
cultivation in Namibia. On a multilateral level, support is going to the UN-DHA (1.1 MECU) 
and the IDNDR-secretariat, for the development of effective disaster preparedness information 
systems, and the exploration of using military and civil defence assets in humanitarian 
operations (MCDA). 
For 1995, ECHO envisages an expansion of its operational presence at field-level through the 
establishment of six Focal Centres in disaster prone regions of the World. Currently, ECHO 
is establishing agreements with two such Centres based respectively in the Philippines and 
in the Russian Federation. 
In addition, given that over 90 per cent of ECHO humanitarian activities are in conflict zones, 
practical approach to preventive diplomacy is being developed. In collaboration with the 
European Parliament, support is being given to the creation of an "Humanitarian Observatory" 
which aims to monitor a set of specific indicators providing warning signals prior to the 
outbreak of a given crisis (see also 4.2.3). 
4.5 Informatics 
The Humanitarian Office continues to be dependent on good informatics as the best means 
of providing fast and reliable management information and administrative efficiency. 
The design of the Htimanitarian Office Programming Environment (HOPE) is almost complete 
and several elements in the system are already developed and in use. Most elements in the 
system should become operational during 1995. This will give ECHO a coherent internal 
management tool starting from requests, through financial management of contracts to 
production of management information and statistics. The system will be linked to the overall 
accounting system of the Commission (SINCOM and F-13) as well as a number of modules 
26 
~or special purposes (evaluation, refugees etc). 
Externally ECHO has made efforts to integrate information on humanitarian aid from many 
sources (Member States (EU-15), the DHA Financial Tracking System -the so-called 1114 
point fax system"(see 4.2.5.2) as well as the US Government which has been equally keen 
to obtain global overviews of humanitarian aid flows (see 4.2.o). In view of this it is hoped 
that 1995 will see more reliable reporting systems as a basis for global humanitarian statistics 
and for more efficient international cooperation in the field. 
5. FUTURE PLANS 
It is obviously very difficult to predict the exact location, character and magnitude of crises 
be they man-made or natural. This chapter will describe some of the "hot spots" which are 
likely to give rise to humanitarian aid next year and dwells on the more general strategic 
questions which the Commission and the international donor community must tackle in the 
future. 
5.1 Expected Future Emergencies 
ECHO is mandated to respond quickly and effectively to the numerous crises that occur, 
continue, or re-occur in the world all the time, often without warning. This means that the 
Office is not in a position to programme its resources for specific crises or regions at the 
beginning of each budget cycle. However, the Commission is making every effort to watch 
and analyse international events not only at Headquarters in· Brussels but in the field (EU 
Delegations and humanitarian coordinators). The main areas of concern at the beginning of 
1995 are briefly outlined below. 
There is still hope that peace will come to the former Yugoslavia in 1995 so that humanitarian 
aid can gradually be replaced by rehabilitation efforts. 
In ACP countries present "hot spots", Rwanda and neighbouring countries harbouring 
Rwandese refugees, Burundi, Somalia, Sudan, Liberia, and Angola will probably require a 
substantial amount of humanitarian aid in 1995. Present events in several other African 
countries, particularly Zaire, Nigeria, Togo, Chad, Mali and Algeria could also give rise to 
concern. 
In the Western hemisphere it is expected that Haiti, Cuba and other Central American 
countries will need further humanitarian aid in 1995 as the rehabilitation programmes get 
underway. 
The Commission expects that it will have to stand by to provide more humanitarian assistance 
to the Ex-Soviet Republics in the Caucasus and Central Asia and to be ready for assistance 
to the victims of the conflict in Tchechnya. 
27 
In Asia it is expected that Northern Iraq will still be a source of humanitarian relief. Unlike 
the situation in Cambodia the massive refugee problems in Afghanistan show no signs of 
improvement. The situation in Burma is also being watched carefuily. 
5.2 Strategic Considerations 
The Commission, after an initial period where priorities centered around improving and 
consolidating administrative and operational efficiency of its humanitarian aid, should now 
devote more effort to a 'pro-active' and preventive role (be it in preparedness, prevention, 
rehabi1itation etc). ECHO has now achieved a large part of its operational goals (as outlined 
in its mandate); increasing external pressures are appearing on the horizon: 
The post-cold war 'international order' has still not found its fe~t. One result is that 
international crises are still increasing in multitude and magnitude and will continue to do so 
if preventive action is not taken. During the past four years the Community has increased 
humanitarian aid more than seven-fold. Although it has increased operations massively, the 
Community has nonetheless succeeded in providing timely and efficient delivery of 
humanitarian aid. 
The relative lack of progress within the international donor community and the UN (including 
DHA) in advancing the 'pro-active' aspects of humanitarian actions will put more pressure on 
major humanitarian players such as the Commission, EU Member States and the US 
Government to find successful mechanisms at the international level. The most obvious way 
of starting this process would be through better exchange of information (using the latest 
technological advances), joint assessment of crises, and joint participation in preventive 
measures (early warning, preparedness, advocacy etc). In the longer term effective prevention 
depends on concerted national and international action between the "predictors" (researchers, 
the press, intelligence communities), the policy-makers, the military and the 
relief/development actors. It is important to note that this wider concept of prevention also 
includes very close links from the outset between relief and long-term development since 
effective rehabilitation and development is the best way to safeguard against future disasters. 
At Community level the preventive strategy first of all requires that all aspects of the 
'humanitarian continuum' are considered (i.e. prevention, preparedness and if necessary relief 
and rehabilitation and their links with long-term development) and become a natural part of 
all foreign policy initiatives when dealing with disaster-prone regions of the world. It is also 
obvious that preventive strategies should include ·carefully designed efforts to protect victims 
of conflicts and' develop anticipated action through access to key decision makers. 
Finally, it is important to provide more political visibility for the activities of the European 
Union in this field._ J'his is not meant to provide an alibi for political inaction, nor a self­
congratulatory rethoric. Visibility of the aid is important because .it has to do with 
accountability vis-a-vis European citizens, who are also tax-payers. They must consciously 
be part of this effort of solidarity but they would certainly like to see that they get (in terms 
of efficiency) value for money. This is the only way to prevent further spreading of what 
people call the "donor's fatigue". 
28 
STATISTICAL 
ANNEXES 
29 
ANNEX 1 
NG0s and Humanitarian_Organizations who have signed the Framework Partnership 
· Contract 
GERMANY 
DEUTSCHES ROTES KREUZ 
DEUTSCHER CARITASVERBAND (as of 31.12.94) 
BY COUNTRY 
DIAKONISCHES WERK of the Evangelical Churches in Germany 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGHERHILFE (GERMAN AGROACTION) 
JOHANNITER-UNFALL-HILFE (INTERNATIONAL SERVICES) 
HELP 
MAL TESER HILFSDIENST E.V. (M.H.D.) 
ACTION :MEDEOR 
DAZ (DEUTSCHE ARZTEGELEINSCHAFT FOR 
MEDIZINISCHE ZUSAMlvffiNARBEIT) 
HILFE FUR KINDER IN NOT E.V. 
(CHILDREN'S RELIEF) 
ARBEITER-SAMARITER-BUND DEUTSCHLAND E.V. 
CARE DEUTSCHLAND 
ADRA 
AUSTRALIA 
CARE AUSTRALIA 
AUSTRIA 
CARIT AS A UTRICHE 
MAL TESER HOSPITAL DIENST -AUSTRIA (M.H.D. A) 
OSTERREICHISCHES HILFSWERK 
BELGIUM 
CROIX ROUGE DE BELGIQUE 
SEC OURS INTERNATIONAL DE CARIT AS CATHOLICA BELGICA 
1 CCP 0001 
CCP 0007 
CCP 0019 
CCP 0042 
CCP 0046 
CCP 0053 
CCP 0065 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0085 
CCP 0098 
CCP 0101 
CCP 105 
CCP 106 
CCP 0094 
CCP 0049 
CCP 0065 
CCP 0079 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0012 
MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES/ARTSEN ZONDER GRENZEN 
CARE INTERNATIONAL 
HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (B) 
OXFAM BELGIQUE 
!EDER VOOR ALLEN 
HO PIT AL SANS FONTIERE (B) 
MEDICUS MUND! INTERNATIONAL 
MEDICUS MUND! BELGIUM 
MEMISA BELGIUM 
SOLIDARITE LIBERALE INTERNATIONALE 
CAUSES COMMUNES 
DENMARK 
DANSK RODE KORS 
CARIT AS DANMARK 
FOLKEKIRKENS N0DHJJELP/DANCHURCHAID 
RED BARNET 
DANISH REFUGEE COUNCIL 
MISSION EAST 
SPAIN 
CRUZ ROJA ESPANOLA 
CARIT AS ESPANOLA 
MEDICOS SIN FRONTERAS 
SOLIDARIDAD INTERNACIONAL 
(FUNDACI6N ESPANOLA PARA LA COOPERACION) 
MEDICOS DEL MUNDO 
MOVIMIENTO POR LA PAZ, EL DESARME Y LA LIBERTAD 
ASOCIACI6N NAVARRA "NUEVO FUTURO" 
A.C.S.U.R. ASOCIACION PARA LA COOPERACION 
CON EL SUR LAS SEGOVIAS 
2 CCP 0013 
CCP 0014 
CCP 0030 
CCP 0043 
CCP 0056 
CCP 0068 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0099 
CCP 107 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0008 
CCP 0020 
CCP 0004 
CCP 0041 
CCP 0060 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0005 
CCP 0013 
CCP 0040 
CCP 0044 
CCP 0050 
CCP 0054 
CCP 0057 
11 
INTERMON 
NOUS CAMINS 
MEDICUS MUND! ESPANA 
FUNDACION ENGELMAJER 
F ARMACEUTICOS SIN FRONTERAS 
UNITED STATES 
INTERNATIONAL ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN CHARITIES 
CATHOLIC RELIEF SERVICES 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CORPS 
WORLD CONCERN DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION 
FRANCE 
CROIX ROUGE FRANCAISE 
SECOURS CATHOLIQUE 
MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES 
ACTION INTERNATIONALE CONTRE LA FAIM 
HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (F) 
ACTION NORD SUD 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 
EQUILIBRE 
PREMIERE URGENCE 
PHARMACIENS SANS FRONTIERES 
FRANCE -LIBERTES (FONDATION DANIELLE MITTERRAND) 
OEUVRES HOSPIT ALIERS FRANCAISES DE 
L'ORDRE DE MALTE (O.H.F.O.M.) 
HO PIT AL SANS FRONTIERE (F) 
SECOURS POPULAIRE FRANCAIS 
MEDICUS MUNDI FRANCE 
INTERAIDE 
INITIATVE DEVELOPPEMENT 
3 CCP 0063 
CCP 0077 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0103 
CCP 0055 
CCP 0074 
CCP 0082 
CCP 0090 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0006 
CCP 0013 
CCP 0026 
CCP 0029 
CCP 0031 
CCP 0032 
CCP 0033 
CCP 0034 
CCP 0039 
CCP 0058 
CCP 0065 
CCP 0068 
CCP 0071 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0087 
CCP 0087 
ESSOR 
EUROPACT 
INTERVENIR 
SOLIDARITES 
ENFANTS DU MONDE/DROITS DE L'HO:tvfME 
COMITE D'AIDE MEDICALE ET DE 
P ARRAINAGE SANS FRONTIERES 
AIDE MEDICALE INTERNATIONALE 
SOLIDARITE PROTESTANTE FRANCE ARMENIE 
ASSOCIATION POUR L'ACTION HUMANITAIRE 
GREECE 
CROIX ROUGE HELLENIQUE 
GREEK COMMITTTEE FOR INTERNATIONAL 
DEMOCRATIC SOLIDARITY 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 
K.E.S.S.A.P. DIMITRA 
INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 
HELLENIC INSTITUTE OF SOLIDARITY AND COOPERATION 
WITH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 
IRELAND 
IRISH RED CROSS SOCIETY 
GOAL -
CONCERN IRELAND 
TROCAIRE 
ITALY 
CROCE ROSSA IT ALIANA 
CARIT AS IT ALIANA 
ASSOCIAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE VOLONT ARI LAICI 
COMITATO INTERNAZIONALE PER LO SVILUPPO DEi POPOLI (CISP) 
4 CCP 0087 
CCP 0087 
CCP 0095 
CCP 0096 
CCP 0100 
CCP 0104 
CCP 108 
CCP 112 
CCP 114 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0072 
CCP 0081 
CCP 110 
CCP 111 
CCP 120 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0024 
CCP 0038 
CCP 0067 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0010 
CCP 0027 
CCP 0028 
CENTRO INTERNAZIONALE DE COOPERAZIONE ALLO SVILUPPO (CICS) CCP 0036 
CENTRO REGION ALE D'INTERVENTO PER LA COOPERAZIONE CCP 003 7 
COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE CCP 0061 
GRUPPO VOLONT ARIA TO CIVILE CCP 0062 
COMITATO DI COORDINAMENTO DELLE ORGANIZZAZIONI 
PER IL SERVIZIO VOLONTARIO (C.0.S.V.) CCP 0075 
MEDICUS MUND I IT ALIA CCP 0080 
COMIT ATO COLLABORAZIONE MEDI CA (CCM) CCP 0084 
INSTITUTO COOPERAZIONE UNIVERSITARJA (l.C.U.) CCP 0088 
COMITATO EUROPEO FORMAZIONE AGRARIA (C.E.F.A.) CCP 0089· 
ASSOCIAZIONE VOLONTARI PER IL SERVIZIO INTERNAZIONALE (AVSI) CCP 0092 
INTERSOS 
(ASSOCIAZIONE UMANITARIA PER L'EMERGENZA) CCP 0102 
INSTITUTO SINDICALE PER LA COOPERAZIONE 
ALLO SVILUPPO (ISCOS) CCP 109 
ASSOCIAZIONE IT ALIANA PER LA 
SOLIDARIETA TRA I POPOLI (AISPO) CCP 116 
SOLIDARIET A CON IL TERZO MONDO (STM) CCP 117 
ARCS ARCI CULTURA E SVILUPPO CCP 118 
MOVIMENTO LIBERAZIONE E SVILUPPO (MOLISV) CCP 119 
LUXEMBURG 
CROIX ROUGE LUXEMBOURGEOISE 
MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES 
CARIT AS LUXEMBOURG 
HO PIT AL SANS FRONTIERE 
NORWAY 
KIRKENS N0DHJELP, Norway 
NORWEGIAN PEOPLE'S AID 
5 CCP 0001 
CCP 0013 
CCP 0048 
CCP 0068 
CCP 0021 
CCP 0091 
NE11IERIANDS 
HET NEDERLANDSE RODE KRUIS 
CARIT AS NEERLANDICA 
MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES/ARTSEN ZONDER GRENZEN 
STICHTING OECUMENISCHE HULP (Dutch Interchurch Aid) 
MEMISA MEDICUS MUND! NEDERLAND 
PORTUGAL 
CRUZ VERMELHA PORTUGUESA 
AMI -Funda9ao Assistencia Medica Internacional 
OIKOS Coopera9ao et desenvolvimento 
C.I.C. Associa9ao para a Coopera9ao, Intercambio e Cultura 
UNIAO DES CIDADES CAPITAIS LUSO-AFRO-AMERICO-ASIATICAS 
(U.C.C.L.A.) 
ASSOCIACAO DE BENEFICENCIA LUSO-ALEMA 
UNITED KINGDOM 
BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY 
SA VE THE CHILDREN FUND 
CATHOLIC FUND FOR OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT 
CARE BRITAIN 
CHRISTIAN AID 
FEED THE CHILDREN 
OXFAMUK 
HELPAGE INTERNATIONAL 
TEAR FUND 
MEDICAL AID FOR PALESTINIANS 
MERLIN 
CONCERN UNIVERSAL 
WOMENAID INTERNATIONAL 
SCOTTISH EUROPEAN AID 
6 CCP 0001 
CCP 0011 
CCP 0013 
CCP 0022 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0016 
CCP 0035 
CCP 0066 
CCP 00 76 
CCP 113 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0003 
CCP 0009 
CCP 0015 
CCP 0017 
CCP 0025 
CCP 0052 
CCP 0059 
CCP 0069 
CCP 0070 
CCP 0083 
CCP 0086 
CCP 0093 
CCP 0097 
)) 
SWEDEN 
DIAKONIA 
SWITZERLAND 
MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES 
LUTHERAN WORLD FEDERATION 
HEKS (SWISS INTERCHURCH AID) 
CARIT AS SUISSE 
TERRE DES HOM}.,ffiS 
MEDICUS MUND! SCHWEIZ 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND UN AGENCIES 
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND 
RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES (I.F.R.C.) 
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS (LC.RC.) 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH CO?vf1.1ISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (U.N.H.C.R.) 
ORDRE SOUVERAIN ET MILITAIRE DE ST.JEAN DE JERUSALEM, 
RHODES ET DE MALTE 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (1.0.M.) . 
PAN AMERICAN WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (P.A.H.0.) 
7 CCP 0018 
CCP 0013 
CCP 0023 
CCP 0045 
CCP 0047 
CCP 0051 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0002 
CCP 0064 
CCP 0065 
CCP 0073 
CCP 0078 
·, 
• ANNEX 2 
!FINANCIAL DECISIONS FOR HUMANITARIAN AID BY REGION IN 1993 AND 1994 
OUNTRY/REGION 
C.I.S (1) 
MENIA 
ERBAIDJAN 
HERNOBYL VICTIMS 
EORGIA 
GHYSTAN 
RUSSIA FED. 
AOJIKISTAN 
UKRAINE 
SIA (2) 
GHANISTAN 
BOOIA 
NOIA 
IRAN 
EBANON· 
MONGOLIA 
NEPAL 
PALESTINEIISRAEL 
PAKISTAN 
~s~~,r 
MEN 
ORTH AFRICA 
GERIA 
!LATIN AMERICA 
BOLIVIA 
!BRAZIL 
~OLOMBIA 
1CHILE 
iCUBA 
!ECUADOR 
!GUATEMALA 
!HONDURAS 
jNICARAGUA 
~~~ZUELA 
I 
!General Studies 
~RAND TOTAL 
,oon,o,r 
lll~"°'0,NJl1"DrCJOITSTATfS "'"'""'''ICJW ..... -..,U,Ul,!llt 
SOVltCl lCHOeUOGCT DECISION IN ECU Nr of CONTRACTS 
395,080,195 
99,893,000 
1,000,000 
18,300,000 
7,000,000 
1,000,000 
500,000 
4,000,000 
515,000 
350,000 
1,000,000 
500,000 
300,000 
1,000,000 
2,000,000 
2,400.000 
8,990,000 
3,000.000 
180,000 
11,000,000 
1,000,000 
1,850,000 
12,296,000 
10,400,000 
2,000,000 
500,000 
1,000,000 
7,800,000 
12,000 
51,295,000 
10,395,000 
12,240,000 
500,000 
11,no.000 
3,600,000 
4,490,000 
7,900,000 
400,000 
808,000 
456,000 
350,000 
21,500,000 
22,270,000 
2,750,000 
1,785,000 
920,000 
230,000 
1,800,000 
1,820,000 
1,800,000 
10,400,000 
430,000 
150,000 
110,000 
75,000 
1,225,000 
1,225,000 
12,245,000 
445,000 
470,000 
470,000 
500,000 
7,805,000 
350,000 
250,000 
595,000 
700,000 
510,000 
150,000 
500,000 
604 81 195 361 
282 
3 
28 
31 
3 
1 
10 
2 
2 
2 
3 
1 
1 
10 
11 
29 
6 
1 
27 
2 
6 
47 
28 
3 
1 
3 
20 
1 
110 
45 
47 
5 
4 
4 
1 
9 
4 
5 
10 
2 
2 
1 
1 
5 
5 
34 
3 
3 
1 
1 
13 
2 
1 
4 
2 
3 
1 
882 OUNTRY/REGION 
EX-YUGOSLAVIA 
CPTOTAL 
FRICA: Burundi Refugees 
FRICA: Burundi & Rwandan Re 
NGOLA 
BURUNDI 
DJIBOUTI 
ERITREA 
ETHIOPIA 
HANA 
UINEA 
UINEA BISSAU 
HAITI 
KENYA 
LIBERIA 
MADAGASCAR 
MALAWI 
MAURITANIA 
MAYOTTE 
MOZAMBIQUE 
NIGER 
NIGERIA 
Papouasie Nelle Guinbe 
RWANDA 
IERRALEONE 
OMALIA 
T.LUCIA 
SUDAN 
ANZANIA 
CHAD 
OGO 
UGANDA 
IRE 
EASTERN EUROPE 
LBANIA 
BULGARIA 
IRAK 
LATIN AMERICA 
!~ 
&OLOMBIA 
.CUBA 
JEL SALVADOR 
'GUATEMALA 
MEXICO 
NICARAGUA 
PERU 
:General Studies 
'Disaster Preparedness 
GRAND TOTAL Ju per. N-Jartuary-1tff 
DECISION IN ECU Nr of CONTRACTS 
269,376,000 
324,106,962 
13,500,000 
168,500,000 
24,000,000 
21,000,000 
355,000 
1,000,000 
60,000 
1,000,000 
300,000 
100,000 
18,010,000 
1,204,163 
7,473,550 
1,170,000 
300,000 
400.000 
500,000 
1,180,000 
70,000 
340,250 
123,440 
15,500,000 
2,TT3,200 
8,338,359 
125,000 
26,507,000 
1,810,000 
447,000 
200,000 
500,000 
7,320,000 
91,010,000 
18,589,000 
17,000,000 
2,660,000 
1,500,000 
2,100,000 
17,306,000 
6,250,000 
2,500,000 
1,350,000 
9,470,000 
9,825,000 
2,460,000 
2,679,000 
1,675,000 
1,004.000 
22,515,000 
25,826,000 
12,315,000 
500,000 
2,236,000 
1,500,000 
1,000,000 
240,000 
4.700,000 
200,000 
550,000 
615,000 
750,000 
1,220,000 
3,565,000 
2,935,000 
630.000 
21,509,500 
1,115,000 
600,000 
700,000 
14,054.500 
340,000 
830,000 
1,050,000 
500,000 
2,320,000 
100,000 
3,481,962 
764169424 349 
337 
20 
34 
46 
28 
2 
3 
1 
2 
1 
1 
44 
3 
17 
5 
1 
3 
1 
4 
1 
1 
17 
4 
30 
1 
49 
3 
2 
1 
1 
11 
168 
38 
33 
3 
1 
2 
39 
11 
1 
4 
12 
13 
3 
a 
6 
2 
25 
55 
28 
3 
3 
2 
7 
1 
3 
2 
2 
4 
7 
'1 
3 
43 
3 
2 
3 
21 
2 
2 
2 
1 
7 
1 
17 
1010 
Ill ANNEX 3 
!OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL DECISIONS FOR EC HUMANITARIAN AID BY SOURCE OF FINANCE 1990-1994 
Source of 
finance/ 
Budget Line 
B7-510 
87-5fr 
B7~514'· 
87-515 
B7-516 
87-517 
B7-6000 
TOTAL 
FOOTNOTES: Description 
TIDIW. INDICl\'IIVII P'IIIOOIIAMMII (NrJ [11 
(I) NIITIONAL INDICATNE PROGRAMME FOR SOMALIA 
/2/ S-YE/IR ALLOCATION /fff1-t5} IJNDEII LOMEN IS 250,000,000 ECV 
(lj DECIDED ON A CASE-BY-CASE MSIS 1990 1991 1992 
ECISIONS DECISIONS ECISIONS 
(mECU) (inECU) (in ECU) 
40,000,000 
42,445,000 
31,675,000 
72,500,000 
154,867,297 Al por. 04101195 
1 9 9 3 1 9 9 " 
DECISIONS CDlffltACTS P'AYMENTS DECISI NS CDNTRACn P'AYMEKTS 
(in ECU) (mECU) (inECU) (in ECU) (mECU) (mECU) 
6,500,000 6,288,092 4,823,639 
1,296,000 1,290,400 1,011,383 
70Sl33,195 69,212,357 58,528,378 109,522,247 
17,425,000 17,330,990 15,389,676 46,000,000 
385,000,000 384,159,908 352,356,433 271,380;000 227,103;208 ,~6.643,907 
30,000,000 28;790,557 27,756,342 ro,ooo;ooo 3s.s1,.450 · 1s,630,119 
Financial Decisions for EC Humanitarian Aid 1990-1994 
1000 D PAYMENTS 
~ CONTRACTS 
im DECISIONS 
800 
s-
0 
UJ 
C ;::.. 600 
Cf) z 
0 :J 
...J 
~ 400 
200 
0 
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 
--<o Ill ................ ANNEX4 
Summa!:l_ of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Aid 1992-94 
LOME IV I 1992 1993 1994 LOME Ill 1992 
DECISIONS DECISIONS DECISIONS DECISIONS 
(inECU) (inECU) (lnECU) (inECU) 
~-~ I 000 000 1.000 000 
.RICA:11<.<undiR~ 18 300 000 13.500 000 
RICA: 8i,unci & R--R~ ISi 000 000 
GOLA ~000 6~0!>Q. 18.000,000 1. SOMAUE 40 000 000 
BENIN l 000 000 
~R~NAFASO 500 000 
URUNDi ~000 16 000 000 
·1sour1 515 000 355 000 
ERITREA: 1.000 000 
:ETHIOPIA 3 600 000 350 000 60 000 
~~ -l000~ 
500 000 I 000 000 
1.000 000 300 000 
:ou1NEE BlSSAU 300 000 100 000 
'HAITI I 000000 2.000 000 J.OIOOOO 
~A 7 ISOOOO 2 400 000 1.204 163 
IA I 000000 8 990 000 7.473 550 
GASCAR I 170 000 
MALAWI 400000 3~ 
MAURITANIA I 000 000 00 000 
MAYOTTE 500 000 
'MOZMi"SIQUE •-· 2 000000 )~ I 180 000 
~~II!~ 180 000 
NIGER 70 000 
iN_l<!_E.!'IA 340 250 
!PIJ"'UlsleNlloGuNe 123 440 
RWANDA ~~ 9 000000 IS 500 000 
!SENEGAL _____ 1~000 
SIERRA LEONE l 350 000 2 77) 200 
ST. LUCIA •~OQQ. 
SUDAN .\ 000 000 ~~ 18 507 000 
~ANZANIA 2 000 000 I 810 000 
_CHA:O 447 000 
TOGO 500 000 200 000 
UGANDA 1,000,000 500,000 
~ah& F-;;...,,.,I'-C-1 325 000 
WESTERN SA:MOA 300 000 
ZAIRE I 6,500,0001 7,320,000 
~ii.iaASw{ 700,000 
Totllls: 31,675,000 82,185,000 263,268,603 Tolllls: 40,000,000 
Grand tollll 1992: 
Grand tollll 1993: 
Grand tollll 1994 : I 1993 BUDGET 
DECISIONS 
(inECU) 
7 796.000 GHANISTAN 
BANIA 
GERIA 
GOLA 
MENIA 
ERBAJDJAN 
eANOLADESH 
BELARUS 
BOLMA 
BRAZIL 
ULOARIA 
~~DI 
CAMBODIA 
CAUCASUS 
HILE 
OLOUBIA 
UBA 
ECUADOR 
EGYPT 
ELSALVAOOR 
EX-USSR 
EX·YOUGOSLAVIA 
GEORGIA 
GUATEMALA 
HAITI 
HONDURAS 
INDIA 
NDONESIA 
IRA!( 
IRA:N 
I\JRGHYSTAN 
'LAOS 
UITIN AMERICA 
LIBAN 
UEXICO 
MYA:NUAA 
MOLDOVA 
MONGOLIA 
NAGORNO-KARA:BAKH 
NEPAL 
NICAAAGUA 
AKJSTAN 
A:LESTINE/ISRAEL 
PARAGUAY 
PERU 
PHILIPPINES 
RUMANIA 
RUSSIA 
RWANDA 
SOMALIA 
SRI LANKA 
SUDA:N 
ADJII\JSTAN 
URKEY 
UKRAINE 
URUGUAY-ARGENTINA 
VENEZUELA 
VIETNAM 
EMEN 
ZAIRE 
IMBABWE 
G.......iStudioo 
OiaaatarP•--11 
thomobY1 offocta 
RoservolR-&Burundil 
Rofuo. a. di&al. In Conv. a. Eoat Amao 
7,796,000 Totals: 
368:0421297) ECU 
604,8141195 I! ECU 
764,169,424 ij ECU 0/01195 -
1992 1993 1994 
DECISIONS DECISIONS DECISIONS 
(inECU) (inECU) (inECU) 
2 000000 2 750 000 12 315 000 
2 000 000 56 000 I 615 000 
I 225 000 2 935 000 
I 000 000 6 000 000 
18 589 000 
l7 000 000 
2 000 000 500 000 
2 660 000 
445 000 I 115 000 
470 000 ~00 000 
l 004 000 
5 000 000 
l 785 000 2 236 000 
I 500 000 
500 000 70 000 700 000 
250 000 7 805 000 14 054 500 
350 000 
500 000 630 000 
200 000 )40 000 
3,550 000 51295000 
277 067 297 )95 080 195 269 )76 000 
17 306 000 
250 000 830 000 
17 000 000 
595 000 
920 000 
250 000 
S ilOO 000 2) _;;_(?O....L.000 22 515 000 
230 000 
6 250 000 
I 500 000 
500 000 
I 800 000 
I 050 000 
240 000 
2.500 000 
l 820 000 1000000 
I 350 000 
1 800 000 
500 000 700 000 500 000 
250 000 430 000 200 000 
so 000 10 400 000 4 700 000 
250 000 
510 000 2 320 000 
500 000 550 000 
350 000 
9 470 000 
2 000 000 
4 500 000 8 338 359 
150 000 615 000 
I 100 000 8 000 000 
9 825 000 
500 000 
2 460 000 
400 000 
ISO 000 
110 000 750 000 
600 000 75 000 I 220 000 
I JOO 000 
12 000 
soo 000 100 000 
3 481 962 
2 100 000 
12 000 000 
4 soo 000 
296,367,297 514,833,195 500,900,821 
,,-~--:-•-
04/01/95 
·Jetailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
urce of 
ance / 
dget line 
ME r.J LO 
Artl cle 25' 
.. Country 
AFRICA 
ANGOLA 
BENIN 
BURUNDI 
BURKINA FASSO 
DJIBOUTI 
ERITREA 
ETHIOPIA 
ADJI 
GHANA 
GUINEA 
GUINEft BISSAU 
'HAITI 
KENYA 
I 
I 1 9 9 2 
DECISIONS lln ECU\ 
type 
date amount total 
Locust infestation 
Burundi Refugees 
Burundi & Rwandan Refugees 
Burundi & Rwandan Refugees & displaced oclo. 
Burundi & Rwandan Refugees & displaced pclP. 
Burundi & Rwandan Refugees & displaced pclP. 
Refugees & displaced in Central 8-East Afric:. 
Repatriation of population 31/01/92 2,500,000 
Measles epidemic 25/03/92 2,000,000 
Repatriation of population 22/09/92 2,000,000 
Internal conflict 12/11/92 1,000,000 
Internal conflict drought 
Internal conflict drought 
Internal conflict drought 
Internal conflict drought 
Armed conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
7,500,000 
Togolese refugees 
Displaced population 
Displaced population 
Displaced population 
Displaced population 
Displaced population 
Displaced population & Refugees 
Burundi repatriates & Rwandan Refugees 
Touaregs refugees 
Cholera epidemic 
Cholera epidemic 
Floods 
Repatriation of refugees 
Displaced population 16/0t/92 ~.000,000 
Conflict 26/05/!!2 1,000,000 
Drought in Eritrea 25/09/92 750,000 
Drought 01/10/92 850,000 
Displaced population 
Political events 
3,600,000 
Cyclone Kina 
Togolese refugees I 
Displaced population 
Liberian & Sierra Leone refugees 
Cholera epidemic 
Senegalese refugees 
Cholera epidemic 
Events 20101/Sl 1,000,000 
Events 
Events 
Events 
1,0D'l,000 
Somalizn refugees I C5Um~i: €50,001) I From various countries refugee~ 0':!f()G/'12 I l,OOG,000 
Drought ('Jf,:/10/?'1. i 3,500,00G 
Displaced population I 
1 Displaced population 
I I Displaced population 
I Somirlian refugees 
Somalian refugees I 
Displaced population I 
Internal conflict I / i 
1 /? 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 
DECISIONS fin ECUI DECISIONS nn ECUl 
date amount total date amount total 
10/03193 1,000,000 ---
21/12/93 18,300,000 16/03/94 13,500,000 
21/06/94 19,000,000 
20/07/94 12,000,000 
27/07/94 75,000,000 
20/12/94 45,000,000 
30/12/94 1,000,000 
19,300,000 165,500,000 
29/01/93 1,000,000 
18/02/93 1,000,000 
30/03/93 1,000,000 
23/07/93 1,000,000 
14/10/93 1,000,000 
22/11/93 1,000,000 
04/02/94 18,000,000 
6,000,000 18,000,000 
22/03/93 1,000,000 
1,000,000 
25/11/93 1,000,000 
25/11/93 1,000,000 
25/11/93 1,000,000 
22/12/93 1,000,000 
03/02/94 1,000,000 
28/03/94 14,000,000 
17/05194 1,000,000 
4,000,000 16,000,000 
14107/93 500,000 
500,000 
24108/93 100,000 
17/11/93 415,000 I 
08/12/94 355,000 
515,000 355,000 
18/03/94 1,000,000 
1,000,000 
14/12/93 350,000 
13/04/94 60,000 
350,000 60,000 
19/01193 1,000,000 
1,000,000 
26/02/93 500,0001 
11/04/94 1,000,000 
500,000 1,000,000 
13/07193 1,000,000 
18/07/94 300,000 
1,000,000 300,000 
14106/93 300,000 
03/11/94 100,000 
! 300,000 100,000 
22/01/93 1,000,000 
14110/93 1,000,000 
22/03/94 160,000 
17/03/94 850,000 
2,000,000 1,010.000 
I 
i I i 
I 21106/931 I 
400,000 l i ! 
I 31/08/53 ! soo,ooo I 
I 20/10/93 ! ( 
! """"'I 400,000 I f--- ..... '-----
1,000,000 ! i 
~/07/94 ~~63. 
I , 12/07/94 · 215,000 
I _______ _@il09!94 --400,000 _ 
04/01195 
Detailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
urce of ,So 
r1n 
Bu ance / 
dget llne Country 
LIBERIA 
MADAGASCAR 
MALAWI 
MAURITANIA 
MAYOTTE 
MOZAMBIQUE 
NAMIBIE 
NIGER 
NIGERIA 
PAPOUASIE 
(Nile GUINtE) 
RWANDA 
,SENEGAL 
! 
I 
SIERRA LEONE 
' 
i 
ST. LUCIA type 
Conflict 
Refugees & Displaced population 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Cholera epidemic 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Floods 
Floods 
Drought 
Touareg refugees 
Touareg refugees 
Earthquake 
Internal conflict drought 
Drought & repair. of refugees 
Displaced population 
Cyclon 
Drought 
Touaregs Refugees 
Displaced population 
Displaced population 
Conflict 
Displaced population 
Displaced population 
Displaced population 
Armed conflict 
Displaced population 
BI.Xl.lndi refugees 
Burundi refugees 
Burundi refugees 
BI.Xl.lndi refugees 
Conflict 
Conflict. & Drought 
Displaced & Refugees 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Displaced population 
Displaced population 
Displaced population 
Displaced population 
Displaced population 
Conflict 
Displaced population 
Conflict 
Debby Huracan 1 9 9 2 
DECISIONS (In ECU\ 
date amount total 
7,150,000 
13/11/92 1,000.000 
1,000,000 
28/07/92 400,000 
400,000 
30/03/92 1,000,000 
1,000,000 
01/10/92 2,000,000 
2,000,000 
07/04/92 1,000,000 
05/11/92 700,000 
16/12/92 1000,000 
2,700,000 
I 
i 
I 
2 / 9 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 
DECISIONS Un ECU\ DECISIONS lln ECU\ 
date amount total date amount toul 
2,400,000 1,204,163 
31/03193 500,000 
22/07/93 1,000,000 
23/07/93 725,000 
23/07/93 765,000 
26/07/93 1,000,000 
27/08/93 1,000,000 
27/08/93 1,000,000 
22/10/93 1,000,000 
22/11/93 1,000,000 17/02/94 999,500 
21/12/93 1,000,000 28/02/94 995,050 
03/03/94 1,000,000 
15/03/94 990,000 
29/03/94 820,000 
25/04/94 236,000 
25/05/94 133,000 
12/07/94 1,000,000 
20/07/94 200,000 
14/09/94 500,000 
10/11/94 600,000 
8,990,000 7,473,550 
03/03/94 670,000 
10/02/94 500,000 
1,170,000 
12/07/94 300,000 
300,000 
24/02/94 400,000 
400,000 
01/03/94 500,000 
500,000 
I 
23/03/93 3,000,000 
28/03/94 860,000 
09/06/94 320,000 
3,000,000 1,180,000 
17/03/93 180,000 
180,000 
15/12/94 70,000 
70,000 
17/05/94 340,250 
340,250 
20/07/94 123,440 
123,440 
11/03/93 1,000,000 
08/06/93 3,000,000 
28/10/93 1,000,000 
28/10/93 1,000,000 
28/10/93 1,000,000 
1Cl.'11/93 1,000,000 
12/11/93 1,000,000 
09/04/94 500000 
12/04/94 1,000,000 
04/02/94 8,000,000 
11/05194 1,000,000 
17/10/94 5,000,000 
9,000,000 15,500,000 
I 
28/10/93 1,000,000 I 
1,000,000 
19/01/93 300,000 I 
27/08/93 400,000 10/05/941 973,200 
27/08/93 500,000 25/05/94 400,000 
08/12/93 650,000 I 
20/07/94 400,000 
16/12194 t 1,000,000 
1,850,000 2,nl,200 
I 15/12/94' 125,000 
I I 125,000 I 
-~·-*** ">',.*~* 
:,':' * '• * ,. * * 
:1,;~ ,_ * * * -
liiiilcMiK .... :-•-
04/01195 
Detailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 
:Source of DECISIONS fin ECUl DECISIONS lln ECUl DECISIONS (In ECUl 
Finance/ Country type 
:sudgel line date amount total date amount total date amount total 
I 
l ---~--I 
I 
I SUDAN Internal conflict 26/04/93 300,000 i Conflict 07/04/92 1,000,000 10/06/93 1,000,000 
Conflict & drought 27/10/92 3,000,000 07/07/93 1,000,000 
Conflict & drought 01/09/93 6,000,000 
Conflict & drought 14/12/93 1,000,000 
Displaced population 10/03/94 490,000 
Internal Conflict 22/03/94 1TT,000 
Conflict & Drought 20/04/94 17,000,000 
Displaced population 11/07/94 840,000 
4,000,000 9,300,000 18,507,000 
TANZANIA Burundi refugees 11/11/93 1,000,000 
Burundi refugees 15111/93 1,000,000 
Burundi refugees 29/04/94 680,000 
Burundi refugees 29/04/94 450,000 
Burundi refugees 11/04/94 680,000 
2,000,000 1,810,000 
TCHAD Drought 11/05/94 287,000 
Cholera epidemic 07/09/94 160,000 
447,000 
TOGO Displaced population 23/07/93 500,000 
Ghana refugees 28/04/94 200,000 
500,000 200,000 
UGANDA Sudanese refugees 22/12/93 1,000,000 
Sudanese refugees 25/01/94 500,000 
1,000,000 500,000 
WALLIS & FUTUMA Cydone Fran 23/04/92 325,000 
(Nouvelle Cal6donie 325,000 
WESTERN SAMOA Cyclone Val 29/01/92 300,000 
300,000 
ZAIRE Internal troubles 12/02/93 1,000,000 
Displaced population 13/07/93 1,000,000 
Internal troubles 27/08/93 1,000,000 
Internal troubles 23/09/93 1,000,000 
Internal troubles 22/10/93 1,000,000 
Burundi refugees 15/11/93 500,000 
Internal troubles 15/12/93 1,000,000 
Internal troubles 25/01/94 1,000,000 
Internal troubles 21/04/94 320,000 
Displaced populations (Kasai,Shaba,Kivu) 19/07/94 6,000,000 
6,500,000 7,320,000 
ZIMBABWE Mozambican refugees 04/11/92 400,000 
Measles epidemic 21/12/92 300,000 
700,000 
TOTAL LOME IV: I 31,s1s,ooo I 82,185,000 263,268,603 
LOME IU · ;::,vMALIA Conflid 04/03/92 650,000 29/03/93 650,000 
Article 203 ·· Conflict 27/04/92 4,000,000 07/06/93 650,000 
Conflict 27/04/92 350,000 14/06/93 646,000 
Conflid & drought 12/08/92 4,000,000 26/07/93 650,000 
Conflict 07/09/92 6,000,000 13/08/93 650,000 
Conflict 22/09/92 20,000,000 27/08/93 650,000 
Conflid 25111/92 5,000,000 27/08/93 650,000 
Conflid 10/09/93 650,000 
Conflid I 23/09/93 650,000 I 
Conflid i 16/11/93 650,000 i 
Conflid I 22/11/93 650,0001 ! 
Conflid 23/11/93 i 650,000 
I 40,000,000 7,796,000 I t I 
7,796,000 ! I 
' . TOTAL LOME Ill: I 40,000,000 i I L il' ! I I 
:BUDGET rFGAANISTAN Conflid 30/04/92 500,000 01/07/93 i 500,000 I ' Displaced population & refugees 05/08/92 1,000,000 05/08/93 500,000 i I 
! Conflid 04/09/92 500,000 04/10/93 400,000 ! 
I Conflid 06/12/93 500,000 I I 
! Conflid 14/12/93 500,000 
Tadjiks refugees 14/12/93 350,000 I I I Conflid 18/01/94 450,000: 
Displaced population 21/04/94 I 1,000.0001 
3 / 9 
l/ *** '·· * •• * : *,..._.* * * *•* 
;::m#MII ... :-•-
CM/01/95 
Detailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
I' 
i 
I 
\ 
i I 
I ource of 
lnance / Country 
udget llne 
ALBANIA 
LATIN AMERICA 
ALGERIA 
ANGOLA 
ARMENIA 
~RBAIDJAN 
BANGLADESH 
I 
BELARUS 
1BOUVIA 
I 
i I 
i 
' I 
·euLGARIA ,1 
l l 
BRAZIL 
I 
I type 
Conflict 
Displaced population 
Afghan refugees 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Economic difficulties 
Economic diffJCUlties 
Floods 
Diffiwlt situation 
Diffiwlt situation 
Oiff10.Jlt situation 
Cholera epidemic 
Diffiwlt situation 
Sanitary & Medical Aid 
Cholera epidemic 
Touaregs refugees 
Saharahouis refugees 
Epidemics 
Nigerian and Mali refugees 
Saharahouis refugees 
Touaregs refugees 
T ouaregs refugees 
Floods 
Evaluation Mission 
Touaregs refugees 
Armed conflict 
OiffJCUlt winter 
Refugees & displaced population 
Refugees & displaced population 
Aid to disabled people 
Food aid 
•Displaced population 
Food aid 
Refugees & displaced population 
Food aid 
Refugees & displaced population 
Food aid 
Displaced population 
Food aid 
Food aid 
Refugees from Myanmar 
Refugees from Myanmar 
Refugees from Myanmar 
Cycion 
Medical Aid to Minsk 
Medical Aid 
Medical Aid 
Cholera epidemy 
Cholera epidemy 
F.loods 
Floods 
Cholera epidemy 
Floods 
Drought 
! 
Evaluation of Medical Needs 
Medical Aid 
! Cholera epidemic 
; Aid for children 
: Medical Aid 
! 
I 1 9 9 2 
DECISIONS /In ECU\ 
date amount total 
2,000,000 
02107/92 1,000,000 
20/10/92 500,000 
11/12192 500,000 
2,000,000 
25/02/92 500,000 
500,000 
20/02192 500,000 
05/03/92 500,0001 
02/04/92 1,000,000 
2,000,000 
! I i 
I I 
I I 
I ! 
i 
: i 
l:i 19 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 
DECISIONS /In ECUl DECISIONS llnECUl 
date amount total date amount total 
24/02/94 1,985,000 
12/07/94 1,975,000 
17/05/94 715,000 
23111/94 3,620,000 
01/12/94 450,000 
07/12/94 1,500,000 
21/12/94 620,000 
2,750,000 12,315,000 
13112/93 106,000 
14/12/93 350,000 22/03/94 175,000 
17/08/94 300,000 
16/09/94 200,000 
25110/94 550,000 
15112/94 450,000 
456,000 1,675,000 
15/06/93 500,000 
23109/93 225,000 
06/12/93 300,000 
14/12/93 200,000 
21/03/94 1,100,000 
17/05194 550,000 
22/08/94 400,000 
15111/94 500,000 
01/12/94 35,000 
08/12/94 350,000 
1,225,000 2,935,000 
26/07/93 1,000,000 30/11/94 6,000,000 
1,000,000 6,000,0D0 
21/01/94 75,000 
03/03194 230,000 
07/04/94 3,500,000 
26/04/94 200,000 
11/07/94 4,000,000 
20/07/94 5,450.000 
15111/94 2,000,000 
07/12/94 2,614,000 
15112/94 520,000 
18,589,000 
07/04/94 3,000,000 
11/07/94 5,000,000 
20/07/94 5,000,000 
15111/94 1,500,000 
07/12/94 2,500,000 
17,000,000 
i I 
17/05/94 500,000 
500,000: 
21/06/94 560,000 
10/11/94 1,000,000 
23/11/94 1,100,000 
2,660,000 
29/03/93 270,000 
29/10/93 ! 25,000 
14/12/93 i 150,000 
i ' 11/04/94 230,000 
i 28/03/94 410,000 
I 26/05/94 250,000 
,07/12/94 225,000 
445,000 1,115,000 
10/05/94 4,000 
08/12/94 1,000,000 
1,004,00D 
30/07/93 I 100,000: 12/07/94 150,000 
24/11/93j 370,0001 I I 
i 01/12/94 450,000 
I 470,000 \ 50(),1)00 i 
ti· 
,_,,_ .... :_,_ 
0-4/01/93 
, ,etailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
:,•,urC,; 
.,_ 1nance 
t.ludget of 
I 
line Country 
BURUNDI 
CAMBODIA 
CAUCASUS 
CHILE 
! 
i 
LCOLOMBIA 
CUBA 
EGYPT 
EL SALVADOR 
ECUADOR 
EX-USSR 
-
I 
I type 
date 
Displaced Population 
Internal troubles 
Refugees repatriation 
Internal troubles 
Internal troubles 
Displaced population 
Medical aid for victims of mines 
Medical aid for victims of mines 
Internal troubles 
Medical Aid to Armenia-Georgia-Azerbaijan 
Refugees & Displaced Population 
Pouring rain 
Epidemic 
Earthquake 
Difficult situation 07/12/92 
Typhone 
Neuropathic epidemy 
Neuropalhic epidemy 
Medical Aid 
Medical Aid 
Medical Aid 
Medical Aid 
Evaluation 
Neuropathic epidemy 
Medical & Nutritional Aid 
Gordon Cyclon 
Earthquake 15/10/92 
Floods and fire 
Floods and fire 
Floods 23/10/92 
Cholera Epidemic 
Honduran Refugees 
Landslide 
Landslide 
Situation in Estonia 31/01/92 
Problems in Azerbaidjan 21/02/92 
Problems in Armenia 21/02/92 
Problems in Azerbaidjan 20/03/92 
Problems in Azerbaidjan 15/04/92 
Armenia -Haut Karabagh 11/08192 
Displaced population in Azerbaidjan 11/12/92 
Displaced population in Tadjikistan 15/12/92 
Displaced population in Tadjikistan 
Ref. & displ. in Armenia et georgie 
Ref. & displ. in Azerb. & Haut-Kar. 
Displaced population in Armenia 
Problems in Az~idjan 
Problems in Azerbaidjan 
Displaced population in Georgia I 
Problems in Azerbaidjan 
Epidemy in Caucaso I 
Problems in Azerbaidjan j 
Displaced population in Azerbaidjan 
I j 
Internal problems in Moscow i Displaced population in Georgia 
Reparation of Electrical Supplies in Armenia 
I I Refugees and displaced pop. in Kirghistan 
Refugees and displaced pop. in Tadjikistan 
Refugees and displaced pop. in Azerbaidj. 
Refugees and displaced pop. in Armenia I I 
Refugees and displaced pop. in Georgia I 
Displaced population in Ucrania and Russ. I 
Displaced population in Azerba1djan ! I 
Medical Aid in Ucrania and Bielorussia I ! 
Refugees and displaced pop. in Kirghistan 
Refugees and displaced pop. in Georgia I 
Ref. and disp. pop. in Arm , Georgia, Azerb. 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 
DECISIONS lln ECUl DECISIONS !In ECUI DECISIONS !In ECUl 
amount total date amount total date amount total 
15/12/94 5,000,000 
5,000,000 
24/05/93 1,000,000 
01/07/93 250,000 
14/12/93 250,000 
14/12/93 285,000 
14/03/94 1,000,000 
14/06/94 256,000 
21/11/94 380,000 
15/12/94 600,000 
1,785,000 2,236,000 
30/08/94 1,400,000 
07/12/94 100,000 
1,500,000 
07/05/93 500,000 
500,000 
04/10/93 470,000 
09/06/94 700,000 
470,000 700,000 
250,000 
31/03/93 500,000 
22/07/93 3,500,000 
22/07/93 2,000,000 
11/11/93 480,000 
11/11/93 500,000 
11/11/93 495,000 
14/12/93 330,000 
22/02/94 200,000 
16/02/94 3,510,000 
29/06/94 9,994,500 
07/12/94 350,000 
250,000 7,805,000 14,054,500 
500,000 
10/11/94 500,000 
08/12/94 130,000 
500,000 630,000 
200,000 
07/12/94 170,000 
07/12/94 110,000 I 
200,000 340,000 
28/04/93 270,000 
27/07/93 80,000 I 
350,000 
250,000 
500,000 
500,000 
500,000 
500,000 
500,000 
500,000 
300,000 11/01/93 500,000 
17/02/93 4,000,000 
17/02/93 9,500,000 
14/04/93 500,000 
19/04/93 980,000 
10/06/93 1,300,000 
14/06/93 2,700,000 
22/07/93 2,800,000 I 
27/07/93 500,000 
25/08/93 500,000 : I 
31/08/93 500,000 ~ I l~~~~;I 3,000,000! 
300,000 : _J 
14/10/93 i 500,000 I ' 
I 22/11/93. 425,000 
06/12/931 3,100,000 
06/12/93 l 2,900,000 I I 
07/12/93 I 3,000,000 L - ----
I 07/12/93 3,000,000' 
I 07/12/93 3,000,000 r----------- -------
~-------------
! 07/12/93 4,000,0001 
I ! 14/12/93 I 500,000! -------·-------
......_ ___ -----:14/12/931 500,000 i 
I ~:~~t:;: 500,000 I 
500,000: 
I !14112193 I 400,000] 
)19 I 
I 
I I 
I l 
! 
! 
t 
i 
I 
·,,' *** ·. * •• * *I'-\* * * *•* ----.-.:-• .. 
04/01/95 
'oetailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
urce of 
nance / So 
,Fi 
:au dget llne 
i 
I i 
I 
• Country 
EX-YOUGOSLA VIA 
GEORGIA 
GUATEMALA 
HAITI 
HONDURAS 
INDIA 
INDONESIA 
IRAK 
i 
I 
i 
•---iRAN type 
Refugees and displaced pop. in Georgia 
Refugees and displaced pop. in Armenia 
Refugees and displaced pop. in Armenia 
Displaced population in Russian Fed. 
Refugees and displaced pop. in Tadjikistan 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Chemical polution in Monteoogro 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Displaced population in Croatia 
Displaced population in Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Conflict 
Displaced population in Croatia 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Displaced population in Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Ex-Yugoslavia, Montenegro 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Displaced population in Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Displaced population in Bosnia-Herze 10vina 
Displaced population in Croatia 
Conflict 
Conflict 
Refugees and displaced populations 
Refugees and displaced populations 
Conflict 
Refugees and displaced population 
Evaluation & Coordination 
Food aid 
Displaced population 
Food aid 
Refugees and displaced population 
Food aid 
Internal troubles 
Repatriation of Refugees 
Repatriation of Refugees 
Medical & Nutritional Aid 
Events 
Gordon Cyclon 
Gert Hurricane 
Floods 
Earthquake 
Earthquake 
Earthquake 
Earthquake 
Kurdish population 
Kurdish population 
Kurdish population 
Kurdish population 
Evaluation 
Kurdish population 
1 Food aid in north of lrak 
: Difficult situation 
I Vulnerable Population 
! I Floods 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 
DECISIONS llnECUl DECISIONS nn ECUl DECISIONS lln ECUl 
date amount total dale amount total date amount total 
14/12/93 300,000 
14/12/93 300,000 
14/12/93 500,000 
14/12/93 290,000 
14/12/93 500,000 
3,550,000 51,295,000 
06/03/92 3,000,000 
08/04/92 1,500,000 
15/04/92 1,500,000 
06/05/92 30,000,000 
02/07/92 120,000,000 
01/10/92 120,000,000 
23111/92 110,000 
29/12/92 957,297 
03103/93 60,000,000 
29/04/93 500,000 
05/05/93 500,000 
10/06/93 100,000,000 
12/07/93 260,000 
22/07/93 7,350,000 
22/07/93 50,000,000 
05/08/93 200,000 
05/08/93 35,000 
13/08/93 180,000 
27/08/93 517,195 
10/09/93 268,000 
10/09/93 270,000 
22/10/93 72,082,715 
16/11/93 16,917,285 
06/12/93 86,000,000 
27/01/94 275,000 
24/02/94 4,000,000 
03/03/94 24,400,000 
03/05194 47,340,000 
12/07/94 33,981,000 
19/09/94 1,800,000 
29/09/94 1,580,000 
17/11/94 156,000,000 
277,067,297 395,080,195 269,376,000 
07/04194 3,000,000 
12/04/94 60,000 
11/07/94 4,000,000 
20/07/94 5,620,000 
15/11/94 2,000,000 
07112/94 2,386,000 
23112/94 240,000 
17,306,000 
24/11/93 250,000 
17/02/94 360,000 
21/11/94 470,000 
250,000 830,000 
04/07/94 2,000,000 I 20/10/94 12,000,000 
,1 ........ I 24/11/94 3,000,000 
04/10/93 200,000 I 
13112/93 395,000 l 
595,000 ~ I 
04/10/93 500,000 I ; I 11/10/93 360,000 
02/12/93 60,000 l 920,000 ! 
14/12/92 250,000 ---! -.-~-250,000 l 
i -·"--15/04/931 5,000,000 15/06/93 2,000,000 
I 18/06/93 9,500,0001 
11/10/93 3,250,000 
08/12/93 6,750,0001 ! 
I 03/02/94 125,000 
24/06/94 4,690,000 
I 05/08/94 1,700,000 
17/08/94 I 2,000,000 
I 08/12/94 14,000,000 I ; 
5,0'l0,000, 21,500,000 12,515,600; 
\ ' f-----'-----_J_-----+-11_1_10_3/_9_3~1 __ 23_0_,0_0_0~1---,2=-::3c-=o-=,oc::o-=-orl--~----__.__-- ----1 
6 I 9 / __ 
.' ._~ * * * ,_ * •• 1c * ,-., * '* * *** 
E C H 0 
04/01195 
:oetailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
~ource of 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 
DECISIONS lln ECUI DECISIONS lln ECUl DECISIONS nn ECUl 
1Flnance I Country type 
Budget llne date amount total date amount total date amount total 
ISRAEL Internal troubles in occupied territ. 05/01193 1,750,000 
Internal troubles in occupied territ. 22/06/93 2,450,000 
Internal troubles in occupied terril w 27/07/93 500,000 
Internal troubles in occupied territ. 06/12193 5,700,000 
Internal troubles in occupied territ. 28/03/94 2,300,000 
Sanitary Aid to Palestinian Population 03/06/94 2,400,000 
10,400,000 4,700,000 
KIRGHYSTAN Floods 25/05/94 250,000 
Food aid 11/07/94 3,000,000 
Floods 30/08194 1,000,0001 
Food aid 15111/94 2,000,0001 
· 6,250,000 
LAOS Drought 25/04/94 1,500,000 
1,500,000 
UBAN Conflict '30/07/93 500,000 
Conflict 04/08/93 500 000 
Medical Aid for children 14/12/93 400,000 
Medical Aid for children 14112/93 400,000 
1,800,000 
i MEXICO Internal troubles 21/06/94 no,ooo 
i Internal troubles 01/12/94 280,000 
1,050,000 
MYANMAR Medical Aid 16/12/94 240,000 
240,000 
MOLDOVA Floods 02/09/94 500,000 
Food aid 15/11/94 2,000,0001 
2,500,000 
MONGOLIA Medical Aid 22/07/93 1,000,000 
Medical Aid 20l10/93 320,000 08/12194 1,000,000 
Economic difficulties 14/12/93 500,000 
1,820,000 1,000,000 
NAGORNO KARABA Victims of Fighting 07/04/94 850,000 
Victims of Fighting 15111/94 500,000 
1,350,000 
NEPAL Drought 09/02/93 800,000 
Buthanis refugees 23/07/93 500,000 
Floods 27/07/93 500,000 
1,800,000 
NICARAGUA Earthquake 07/09/92 250,000 
• Volcanic eruption 15/04/92 250,000 
t Bret Hurricane 10/09/93 200,000 
Bret Hurricane 14/12/93 500,000 
Medical-Nutritional Aid 01/12194 500,000 
500,000 700,000 500,000 
PAKISTAN Floods 21/09/92 250,000 07/10/94 200,000 
Afghans refugees 14112/93 230,000 
Criquets pelerins invasions 15/09/93 200,000 
250,000 430,000 200,000 
PALESTINE Deported Palestinians 29/12/92 50,000 
50,000 
··-
PARAGUAY Floods -·· -03106/92 250,000 
250,000 
PERU Floods 27/07/93 250,000 
Cholera epidemic 04/11/93 85,000 
Cholera epidemic 13/12/93 175,000 
Floods 16/03/94 500,000 
Civil Conflict & Floods 10/05/94 780,000 
Displaced Population 16/06/94 110,000 
Displaced Children i 28/11/94 530,000 
Floods 08/12194 400,000 
I 510,000 2,320,000 
PHILIPPINES Volcano Pinatubo 21/09/92 500,000 
Typhon 17/02194 200,000 
Floods 13/10/94 150,000 
Earthquake 07/12194 200,000 
500,000 550,000 
RUMANIA Diffteult situation 13/12/93 i 350,000 I 
7 I 9 
( .< ... *** ,'• * •• * 
d * 1-.i\* * * *** ......... =-·-ANNEX5 
04/01/95 
Detailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
' 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 
Source of DECISIONS lln ECUl DECISIONS lln ECUl DECISIONS fin ECUl 
Finance/ Country type 
:Budget llne date amount total date amount total date amount total 
350,000 
RUSSIA Internal troubles 10/02/94 500,000 
Medical aid to Moscu 05/04/94 500,000 
Food aid for old people in Moscow 25/05/94 960,000 
Medical aid to russian federation 04/08/94 5,000,000 
Internal Troubles 01/09/94 100,000 
Medical and Nutritional aid 10/11/94 2,100,000 
lntemal Troubles 23/12/94 310,000 
9,470,000 
RWANDA Displaced population 19/02/93 2,000,000 
2,000,000 0 
SOMALIA Conflict 09/07/93 4,500 000 
Conflict 05104/94 1,051,000 
Conflict 12/04/94 2,500,000 
Conflict 19/04/94 150,000 
Conflict & Cholera 10/05194 688,273 
Conflict 20/05/94 165,000 
Conflict 06/06/94 1,152,978 
Conflict 27/06/94 1,133,608 
Conflict 01/12/94 497,500 
Conflict 15/12/94 1,000,000 
4,500,000 8,338,359 
SRI LANKA Internal conflict 14/12/93 150,000 
Civil Conflict 16/06/94 250,000 
Civil Conflict 07/12/94 365,000 
150,000 615,000 
SUDAN Displaced Population 19/02/93 400,000 
Internal conflict/Drought 25/08/93 700,000 
Refugees & Displaced Population 07/12/94 8,000,000 
1,100,000 8,000,000 
TAJIKISTAN Refugees & displaced population 28/04/94 360,000 
Food aid 11/07/94 4,000,000 
Refugees & displaced population 04/08/94 5,000,000 
Refugees & displaced population 07/09/94 350,000 
Studies and evaluations 10/11/94 115,000 
9,825,000 
I TCHERNOBIL EFF. Medical Aid I 22/03/94 1,300,000 
Medical Aid I 10/11/94 800,000 I 2,100,000 
I TURKEY Earthquake 21/09/92 500,000 
I 500,000 
UKRAINE Medical aid for the children victims of Chemo >ii 25/05/94 350,000 . 
I Cholera epidemic 18/10/94 200,0001 
Miscellaneous 18/10/94 230,0001 
Vaccination Programme 15112/94 1,680,000 I 2,460,000 
URUGUAY-ARGENTI Floods 19/06/92 400,000 
400,000 
!VENEZUELA Hurricane Bret 13/08/93 150,000 
150,000 
VIETNAM Medical Aid 110,000 I 
Floods and typhon _ 25/10/94 500,000 
I Floods 07/12194 250,000 i 110,000 750,000 
! 
I !YEMEN Refugees Somalians & Ethiopians 25/02/92 100,000 : 
I Refugees Somalians 03/04/92 500,000 I 
Floods 23/03/93 75,000 
Conflict 25/05/94 300000 
Refugees & Displaced Population 09/06/94i 720,000 
Conflict 30/05/94 200,000 
I 600,000 75,000 1,220,000 
:ZAIRE Displaced population I i 19/02/93 1,300,000 I 
\ I I 1,300,000 ! 
l ~MBABWE Internal conflict drought 17/03/93 12,000 I ! 12.000 
[ 
l I General Studies I 500,000 I 
I soo,ooo I 
i I 
8 I 9 /, "")... 
_, *** ", ' * .• * *M* * * *** __ E ____ H __ o_ 
04/01/95 
Detailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 
Source of DECISIONS (in ECUl DECISIONS /in ECUl DECISIONS /in ECUl 
Finance/ Country type 
Budget line date amount total date amount total date amount total 
RESERVE Rwandan & Buunci refugees & risplaced pop. 27/05/94 12,000,000 
Refugees & displaced in Central & East Africa 21/09194 4 500,000 
Disaster preparedness 21/10/94 662,574 
Disaster preparedness 28/11/94 645,000 
Disaster preparedness 01/12/94 1,562,213 
Disaster preparedness 08/12/94 60 000 
". Disaster preparedness 15/12/94 402,175 
Disaster preparedness 15/12/94 150,000 
Evaluation 15/12/94 60,000 
Food Aid Evaluation 16112/94 40,000 
20,081,962 
TOT AL BUDGET: I 296,367,297 I I 514,833,1951 500,900,821 
GRAND TOTAL: I 3681042,2971 I 604181411951 I > 764 169 424 
9/9 
II ANNEX 6 
EC CONTRACTS FOR HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE 1990-94 
TYPE OF 
CONTRACT 
EC COMMISSION-DIRECT 
COMMISSIQ~CHC>.<C:: COMMISSION/AEC ..... • ... 
DEL.EGATIONS/. . . 
SUBTOTAL 
MEMBER STA TE GOVNTS 
Bl,'L 
S:ltANCE 
N :T ,~~• •••~-
jJ( 
SUBTOTAL 
OTHER GOVERNMENTS 1990 1991 1992 1993 
ECU ECU ECU ECU 
·· <t,4:J.~,sog .,, ,::::.m~"3s: r ::::1i:!I!:~i~, < 4!~~!:~! 
. .. < O •:::•::'(C:220;0011 :•; ::</{370,0011 :;:;::: '1,552,000 
43,222,500 2,013,855 11,368,642 55,194,966 
0 13,461,500 21,526,340 3,546,195 IN%0F 
TOTAL 
7.6% 
1.4% 
·tt3% 
9.2% 
0.6% ~PE.R 04-Jwuary-\99) 
1994 
ECU 
85,590,333 
5,541,500 
91,131,833 IN%0F 
TOTAL 
· 14.1% 
0.9% 
.. ·11:0% 
15.0% 
.. ···o.Oo/o 
... :, "''F:t\OJI% 
0.0% 
.. ':121;~oo.:}:J /;i'gll¾ ···· o:oo/o 
4,777 ,ODO 0.8% 
:~~if J1a~QA::nx,:::: : H:ltt:~:.iig::~g . 0.0%. 
'::0:0%:; •/D.0% ..... 0.0°k 
":/0.0% q~~ly\i;IA)Jliim::::::::i,:;::::i\:::::m,::::::;::T•; ... •·• ··••·•········;. ,,, :,,. ;:::mJJqg;~()(J: :;:1::rn:::::::r>::····•····· 
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 100,000 0.0% 0.0% 
WA:tL)$:·~t{Q.'.:FP~rQ·"!(( :-·:·:-'-::::\\fftfHfif:;- ;,;):;;;;,;,,,;;;:::;;;;~?'.;:,~:·--'.: ·.· 
NEW CALLEDONIA . F./ajl/:•;;:;• , .. , .. ,:/i,:i[iii'i'i!:C••;·•·· 
<:ROA riAiMA·ceboN1A ;;,:,..,;:;.7~,D.®: t:\(;i'{/i' : O'.OC.k . ·;:o:<)% 
2~0.000 0.0% ... · 0.0% 
J:Jt:i~:ij:~~;?6~, T< :::~'i:~::::;,•·· ·r;~ .... {Jj~~~~r :;;f{~~ 
SUBTOTAL 1,415,000 0 25,325,000 10,400,000 1.7% 1,800,000 0.3% 
ECNGOs (1). 
SUBTOTAL 29,249,500 87,685,529 111,446,577 263,480,750 44.1% 254,763,605 41.9% 
OTHER NGOs (1) 
SUBTOTAL 
LOCAL NGOs (11 
ANG()l,A\}!if!i:/:/·•:/•·•·· • 
SUBTOTAL 
UNITED NATIONS 
WFP.·• ;' <:': 
FAO WHo•:•;•·••::./:;:·t:•·• 
UNDRo·· 
ONHC:1f·:(\'t>·, 
UNICEF 
UND~t• . 
UNRWA 
SPECIAL UN OPERATIONS /: 
SUBTOTAL 
OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORG. 
ICRC L :·•: 
FIRC 
CARJTAS INTERNATIONAL 
SUBTOTAL 
Decomitmments 
TOTAL 
(1) INCUJDINO NJJIONAI. IUD CllOSS ASSOCVJONS 7,231,000 4,778,000 1,552,000 7,354,697 1.2% 5,697,079 0.9% 
1,762,000 3,652,400 1,089,626 4,740,000 0.8% 600,000 0.1% 
11,256,000 46,524,Suu 122,843,166 189,723,733 31.7% 198,725,139 32.7% 
· > 12,138,0DO 
. 2,01~,o~o. 
14,154,000 
108,290,000 27,!i93;08') .... 5,651,000 
33,244,000 
191,359,784 35,D73,90D 
1,666,000 
70,000 
36,809,900 
331,961,251 38,006,820 
26,001,135 
491,560 
64,499,515 
(985,688) 
597,954,168 6.4% 21,637,000 ·•· ·3.6% 4.3% 28,:448,603 · 4.7% 
0.1% 0.0% 
0.0% 0.0% 
10.8% 50,085,603 8.2% 
100.0% 607,580,259 100.0% 
(2) nlE: MAIN RUSONWHY IN 1'92 nu; CONTlt>,C'T AMOUNn 022 MECU)AAJ;SUBSTANTIAU.YLOWD. THAN1HEDICISION AMOUNTS 061 WECU)ISlHAT2l, MECUIIA.5 llDI DDU:CJl.Y ADMINISTIJUD BY DO Vl(FEOOA) 
IN ACCOIWANCE Willi 1HE COMMISSION DLCISION or 2 JULY 1992 HDICE. coimw:rs HAY£ BED! SIGNED II Y DO VI FOil TIDS AMOUNT AND NOT ECHO mE llDoWN!NO DIFTDINCE ( 12 ) MEC1J ) CONSISTS OF 
ACC\nruUJEDANDUNUSED lESD!vtS JllOM Al.AROENUMIIDlOF ACIIONSIN 1992. WHENECHOIIECAMEFULLY OPDtAllONALINLULT 1991 MEASUll:s WDE lMMll>IATil.YTAXDlTO D<SURE Til>J ALL lESD!vtS 
*** * •• * -.:-----* M *---
* * *** ANNEX 7 
Breakdown of Community Aid to the Former 
Yu oslavia, 1991-1994 b Re ublic 
Republic % 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 50.1% 
Croatia (+UNPAS) 23.0% 
Serbia and Montenegro 18.0% 
Slovenia 0.7% 
F. Y.R. of Macedonia 4.2% 
All Republics 3.8% 
Turkey and Hungary 0.2% 
Total 100% 
Breakdown of Community Aid to the Former 
Yu oslavia, 1994 b Relief Items 
Relief Items % 
Food Aid 30.8% 
Sanitation 7.5% 
Medical Aid 18.5% 
Logistics 19.9% 
Psychosocial 3.0% 
Emergency Rehabilitation 9.7% 
Miscellaneous 10.6% 
Total 100°/o 
'1) 
\ *** * •• * *M* * * ANNEX 8 
*** 
E C H 0 
IEC CONTRACTS WITH UN AGENCIES FOR HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE 1990-19941 
UN AGENCY 
WFP 
FAO 
WHO 
UNDRO 
UNHCR 
UNICEF 
UNDP 
UNRWA 
SPECIAL UN OPERATIONS (1 
SUM EC/UN CONTRACTS 
LL EC CONTRACTS 
REMARKS: AS PER: 04-JANUARY- 1995 
1991 1993 1994 
ECU ECU ECU ECU ECU 
2,955,000 aI@1iW~~i~t 16,853,000 ifilf Q,j~~~;: 35,831,586 ttt~]ti-z!!~l 71,318,781 fti~Jff.lil:~r/~I 43,220,716 ,: 
0 1t~tij;~oii 0 ~ittutl61il 0 iiiiftuiii 868,000 :ffiit.1~!~:~riJfe 0 
0 :l!lftllttl1 0 :l\fdlt:11.I 3,809,500 :;tltlil:I 9,250,000 :11.tlii.ii:fi 0 
500,000 i!t~ll,~11 0 iliitii»II 110,000 llnt!l~1 jjfg.tii,ij;ii 0 
5,044,000 ltiltiit 22,640,500 11tt«l~l 78,232,580 llllf.tl~lt 87,955,354 t.ijji~!ii 140,996,038 
1,687,000 ii.if ti:,:~» 5,547,000 ii1iiiP:l;,i 4,127,000 i~iMi1iiiiii 13,631,598 ilil!ii:i1 11,338,135 
300,000 iljiiii~r&i~t. 198,000 :flil11!!fll 470,500 Iiigiit1i IJ~ittt£d.;oj;£i 0 
770,000 1ta1,~~r~Jl 0 t\~lar!~rJj 0 lt1l~D)'.fil1 6,000,000 ii;\~ir,q,~e.Ji 450,000 
0 ii~iiih:~! 1,286,000 j;ii~[§i~Ji 262,000 ~t1ii;1iith;(~Ji 700,000 iiit6t~;iil, 2,720,,250 
11,256,000 :~lig:u;j~~l 46,524,500 -122,843, 166 ill 189,723,733 -198,725,139 
ti 
a31,9s1,2s1 ~tf:ali!l!t] s91,ss4,1ss (!;f!Bi!!ll]I so1,sso,2sg [i!l8~!~8,IJ 
(1) PAHO operations are Included as a UN organization since PAHO acts as the regional organization representative for WHO in the Americas. 
Up until 1992 •emergency food aid• was not Included In the •Ee contracts• (administered by the DG VIII 
Food Aid Division). From 1993 all contracts are Included In the amounts shown. it •emergency food aid• 
channelled through the UN agencies in 1992 (15 MECU) is added to the contracts, the total for 1992 would 
be 137 MECU (122 MECU plus 15 MECU) or. 43 % of all contracts. 
1\1 ANNEX 9 
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (ECHO) FINANCIAL DECISIONS IN FAVOUR OF THE AFFECTED 
BURUNDI/RWANDAN POPULATION since the 21st October 1993 until December 1994 
AMOUNTS IN ECU 
COUNTRY DATE Reason for Contribution PARTNER AMOUNT TOTAL 
BURUNDI 25/11/93 Displaced Population ICRC/NGO 1,000,000 
25/11/93 Displaced Population UN _ __1000,00Q_ 
25/11/93 Displaced Population NGO 1,000,000 
22/12/93 Displaced Population NGO 1,000,000 
03/02/94 Displaced Population NGO/UN 1,000,000 
28/03/94 Displaced Population NGO/UN 14,000,000 
17/05/94 Burundi Repatriates and Rwandan Refugees NGO 1,000,000 
15/12/94 Displaced Population NGO 5,000,000 
25,000,000 
REGIONAL 21/12/93 Burundi Refugees NGO/UN/IFRC 18,300,000 
16/03/94 Burundi Refugees NGO/UN 13,500,000 
27/05/94 Rwandan, Burundi, Tanzania Refugees UNHCR/ICRC 12,000,000 
21/06/94 Rwandan, Burundi, Tanzania Refugees UNHCR 19,000,000 
20/07/94 Rwanda, Burundi.Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania ~HCR/NGO/ICF 12,000,000 
27/07/94 Rwanda, Burundi.Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania UN/NGO/ICRC 75,000,000 
21/09/94 Refugees & Disp. pop. in Central/East Africa NGO 4,500,000 
20/12/94 Rwandan/Burundi Populations NGO/UN/IFRC 45,000,000 
199,300,000 
RWANDA 28/10/93 Burundi Refugees NGO 1,000,000 
28/10/93 :j8urundi Refugees NGO 1,000,000 
28/10/93 Displaced population NGO/UN 1,000,000 
10/11/93 Burundi Refugees UN 1,000,000 
15/12/93 Burundi Refugees NGO 1,000,000 
04/02/94 Refugees and displaced population ICRC/NGO 8,000,000 
09/04/94 IConflict NGO 500,000 
12/04/94 IConflict & Drought NGO 1,000,000 
11/05/94 Conflict NGO/ICRC 1,000,000 
17/10/94 Rehabilitation-Electricity & Water GTZ 5,000,000 
20,500,000 
TANZANIA 15/11/93 jBurundi Refugees NGO 1,000,000 
11 /11/93 !Burundi Refugees UN/NGO 1,000,000 . 
NGO 680,000 29/04/94 ,Rwandan Refugees 
NGO 450,000 29/04/94 Rwandan Refugees 
3,130,000 
ZAIRE 15/11 /93 Burundi Refugees I UN/NGO 500,000 i 
j I 
I 500,000 I ! 
l i 
I 
I TOTAL 1993-December 1994 248,430,000 
.ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(95) 47 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 01 ll 
Catalogue nwtiber ; CB-CO-95-064-EN-C 
Office for ~al Publica.tinn~ of the E.w·upean C~unities 
L-2985 Luxemuuurg ISBN92-77-86108-8