ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES
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DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (80)306
V ol.1980/0109

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COMMISSION OFTHE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM (80)306 final
Brussels -6th June 1980
COMMISSION REPORT TOTHE COUNCIL
ONDISTORSIONS OFCOMPETITION INHOTHOUSE AGRICULTURE
Ή
<3
C0M(80 )306 final

- 1-
INTRODUCTION -SUMMARY
1.Atthe594th meeting oftheCouncil held on18September 1979 ,the
Council asked theCommission for areport onthedistortions of
competition which could arise from differences intheaidgranted by'
various Member States ,inparticular ,inthesector ofhothouse
horticulture .The present report isinresponse tothat .request and
follows onfrom areport already drawn upin1974 onthesame
subject (1).
2.The specific advantages which agiven sector within aMember State
enjoys must begauged inrelation tothegeneral conditions under which
that Member State 'seconomy operates .
The first chapter oftheReport therefore describes thegeneral
conditions inwhich the economy asawhole obtains its energy supplies .
and ,inparticular ,thefactors determining theprices ofthevarious
sources ofenergy .
The importance ofthe cost ofenergy inthe farm sector isanalysed in
•thesecond chapter oftheReport .
After giving anoverall picture ofthe situation inthe farming sector
from theenergy point ofview ,the chapter analyses thehorticulture
sector ingreater detail inaccordance with theCouncil 'srequest ,in
view oftheparticular importance of'energy costs inthis sector .
The analysis deals with thestructure ofthe sector ,thesources of
energy ituses and thespecific differences intheaid and the tax
measures forwhich itqualifies asregards energy .
Inthis respect and inthe case ofhorticulture inparticular ,itmust
bestressed that theanalysis hasbeen hampered bythe gaps and the
frequent lack ofprecision inthestatistical data relating tosuch
items asthesize ofholdings ,thearea ofglass heated ,thetypes of
greenhouse and the fuels used . '
(1)Memorandum from theEuropean Commission totheCouncil ofMinisters on
thechanged conditions ofcompetition incertain sectors of
agriculture resulting from thenewsituation ontheenergy market
SEC (74)2200 final .

-2-
3.Onthe basis ofthe information actually obtained ,the analyses show
that the most marked distortions inhorticulture are due tothe fact
that the sector*uses different fuels with prices perunit ofcalorific
value which vary according tothe Member State ;further distortion
occurs asaresult of:-
-the general way inwhich the prices ofpetroleum products are
determined (with ,insome cases ,maximum prices fixed atlevels
varying according tonational options and ,inother cases ,prices
being allowed tofind their own level onthe market );
-the special prices for natural gas available tohorticulture inthe
Netherlands ; . '
-indirect taxation onenergy supplies ,which shows substantial
differences between Member States ;
-regulations onthe protection ofthe environment ;
-aid for the purchase ofenergy supplies (excise duty refunds ),for
energy savings orfor diversifying the sources ofenergy used .
Inthe light ofthe short-term situation asseen atpresent ,aid ofa
transitional nature which makes itpossible tobegin the changeover tonew
sources ofenergy and amore rational use thereof could beaccepted under
Articles 92and 93ofthe Treaty ,for aperiod ofuptoayear .The
Commission will review the situation ifthe conditions ofcompetition as
regards energy inhorticulture change .
The Commission considers indeed that the ultimate objective ofthe action
taken must befor the costs ofproduction toreflect the price ofenergy .
Considering' the fact that the special horticultural tariff for natural gas
inthe Netherlands results inapermanent advantage forhorticulture ata
time ofprice increases ,and considering also that the existence ofthis .
tariff initspresent form isaffecting the development oftrade ina
manner contrary tothe Community 'sinterests ,the Commission finds it '
necessary toexamine this tariff inthe light ofArticle 92ofthe Treaty
and apply the procedure provided for inArticle 930 ).

-3-
I.Energy market ,trends
1.Energy consumption trends
2.Energy price trends
(a)Petroleum products -
(aa)price trend
(bb)factors affecting price formation
(cc)differences between Member States
(b)Gas
(aa)price trend
(bb)tariffs -
(c)Other
II.Energy inagriculture
A.Inagriculture generally
B.Inhorticulture
1.Specific problems inherent tohothouse cultivation '
2.Prices paid bygrowers for hothouse heating
(a)The -use ofdifferent fuels asbetween Member States
(b)Rates charged for gas inthe Netherlands
(c)Indirect taxation specific tohorticulture under ,glass
(a)Excise duty x
(b)Value added tax
III .Evaluation
IV.Conclusion

1CHAPTE RI
ENERGY MARKET TRENDS
1.Energy_consumption_since_1973
Energy consumption inthe Community has slowed down since the
t1973–7 ^oilcrisis ;g^oss primary energy consumption in1978 wasat
virtually the same level asin1973 .
There hasalso been achange inthestructure ofprimary energy
consumption .Oil .covered only 55.7 %ofprimary energy
requirements in1978 compared with 61?in1973 .
Natural gas ,onthe Nother hand ,covered 16.8 /6ofprimary energy
requirements in1978 compared with 12.1 ?in1973 .
This change inthe structure ofthe energy balance sheet has
resulted inareduction inthe Community 'sdependence onimported
oil ;in1978 imported oilcovered only 48.4 ?ofgross consumption
intheCommunity compared with 60.5 ?in1973 (seeAnnex I,Tables 1
and 2).
i .
2.Ene"gy_p£i£e_trend£
t ■ ' ■
a)Petroleum products
aa)Price trend
Despite the reduction inthe Community 'sdependence on
imported crude oil there have ,however ,been strains onthe
markets and price increases .
Thesuspension ofoil imports from Iran from late December
1978 toearly March 1979 andtheir resumption atalevel
nearly 2million barrels aday less than expected exerted a
considerable strain ontheoil market ,especially asthere
was anincrease indemand asaresult ofbad weather inthe
winter of1978-79 .This pressure resulted inanumber of
price increases ;atfirst they were uncoordinated but
\
subsequently (last June )applied toalltheOPEC countries .

-5-
Theprice ofmarker c-ude rose from $12.70 abarrel .inthelast
quarter of1977 to$20 abarrel inthethird quarter of1979 ,an
increase ofalmost 57?inthe space ofayear .Over the same
period ,other types ofcrude oil towhich various surcharges
apply compared with marker crude ,went upto$23.50 abarrel .
All inall ,inview ofthe structure ofthe Community 'ssupply of
oil from various sources ,the fob price indollars for abarrel
ofimported oil increased bynearly 90?between 31December 1978
and 1July 1979 .
Ascan beseen from the tables below ,the increases incrude oil
prices have had adisparate effect onpetroleum product prices
and energy prices ingeneral . -
Percentage increase inprices between 15January 197°
and 15February 1980
(not including taxes )
: : Β DK D : F Irl.:It.: ML : UK :
:Premium petrol :78 62 51 :39 60 :66 :54 :85 :
:Regular petrol :83 65 59 :43 62 :71 : -55 :89 :
:Automotive gasoil :102 84 56 :57 56 :93 :65 :63 :
:Light fuel oil .:100 103 112 :60 61.: 102 :78 :66 :
:Heavy fuel oil :54 76 55 :75 51 :110 :60 :73 :
The increases are asfollows ifweexamine alonger period ,
including the period analysed inthe report drafted in 197-4 .

Percentage increase inprices between January 1973 and February 1980
(not including taxes )
: : Β DK : D :F :Irl.:It. NL UK :
:Premium petrol :293
:automotive gasoil :304133 :149 -.Jtín :_420:_470
119 :18^:280 :141 :714_1?4
219449 :
512 :
:Light fuel oil :209 211 :236 :261 :467.:485 128 384 :
:Heavy fuel oil :455 442 :353 :611 :571 :969 510 720 :
1)January 1975
There are several factors involved inthe uneven effect ofcrude
oil price increases onpetroleum product prices :
a)First ofall ,the proportion accounted for bythe cost of
crude oil inthe cost ofthe final petroleum products islower
the more refined the final product .The increase inthe price
ofcrude therefore has anuneven effect onthe cost ofthe
various petroleum products used inthe economy .
b)However ,taking into account thedifferent inflation rates ■
recorded inthe Member States ,anexamination ofthe increases
infinal product prices (see the table above ),and the
increases inthe crude oil prices over the same period
suggests that there are other factors magnifying ormitigating
theeffect ofthe increases incrude oil prices onthe prices
offinal products .
The extent ofthe adjustments and the time lags involved vary
from one Member State toanother and give rise tovery different
situations depending onwhether aparticular Member State has
maximum price rules ornot,and onthe amount oftax involved .

-7- '
- .bb)Factors affecting £rice formation .
The differences are due primarily tothe general rules
governing the formation ofpetroleum product prices .Insome
cases ,maximum prices aresetatdifferent levels which
reflect theoptions ofthe Member State concerned (Belgium ,
Netherlands ,France ,Italy and Luxembourg )..Inthe other
cases ,market prices are notsubject toany form ofcontrol
(Denmark ,Germany ,Ireland and United' Kingdom (see Annex 2).
The differences observed between petroleum product prices
exclusive oftax inthe Member States at "the time ofthe 1974
oilcrisis led the Commission tocarry out anenquiry based
onArticles 85and 86ofthe Treaty .This enquiry failed to
establish any proof ofaconcerted practice ordominant
.position ,among other reasons because ofthe complexity of
the petroleum product market which isinfluenced byaction by
' - theoil companies and bygovernments .
On 1October 1979 these differences were asfollows (1):
, Prices exclusive oftax
; Premium petrol automotivè gasoil :Light fuel oil :Heavy fuel oil .
:Italy * 100 102 : 104 :: 119
:Denmark 112 127 ' : 126 : 115
:France 117 100 :' 100 : 119
:Germany . 123 127' : 130 : 120
:Netherlands 126 - 118 : 114 : 118
:Belßium 126.5 122 : 116 : 100
ilreland 13^-0 '139 " : 132 : 172
:U.Kingdom 134.1 137 ; : 119 : 125
(1)Country with the lowest prices exclusive oftax =100 - ·,

-8-
The prices policies pursued bythe Member States inrelation
toenergy are part oftheif short-term economio polioses ,and
these policies have not asyet been coordinated atCommunity ,
level .
Taxation
Many ofthe price differences observed asregards motor fuels
and heating fuels inthe Member States areattributable to
thedifferent excise duty arrangements for these products and
the fact that vat rates vary considerably from one country to
another (see Annex 7).
The following differences have been observed (1):
Excise duti es
:Premium petrol ;Automotive gasoil:Light fuel oil :Heavy fuel oil
:U.Kingdomn : 100 584 : 155 : 1.21 8 ,
:Ireland : 1_1_4 :. 240 ] 100 : 786
:Netherl ands : 140 277 : -181 586
:Germany : 142 : 1823 : 102 :, 69?
:Belgium : U0 : 289 ': 172 : 288
:France : 193 : 524 : 359 : 0
:Denmark : 19,8 : - 0 ; :_ 0 .: 0
:Italy :...212 : 100 : 244 : __1_00
Although the proportion accounted for bytaxes inthe selling
prices ofmotor fuels and heating fuels .has fallen since
/ '
January 1978 inall the Community countries but two (France
and Denmark ),there a^estill considerable differences from
Member State toMember State .
(1)Country with the lowest excise duty =100
Position inOctober 1979

-9-
This proportion varies from 3&% inthe United Kingdom to57%
inItaly inthe case ofpremium petrol ,from 13%inItaly to
50?inGermany inthe case ofgasoil (Diesel ),from 0%in
Denmark (taxable persons for V AT purposes )to inFrance
inthe case oflight heating oil and from 0%inDenmark
(taxable persons for V AT purposes )-to9?inthe United
Kingdom inthe case ofheavy fuel oil (see Annex III).
Rates ofV AT onmineral oils applied inOctober -1979
•• Premium petrol Automotive gasoil Light fuel oilrHeavy fuel oil :
:Belgium 16 16 6 : 6 :
:Germany 13 13 13 : ' 13 :
:Denmark 20.25 20.25 20.25 :- 20.25 :
:France . 17.6 ' 17.6 17.6 : 17.6 :
:U.Kingdom 15 15 0 : - 0 :
:Ireland 10 10 -0 : 0 :
rltaly 12 12 14 : 14 :
:Luxembourg 5 . ' .· 5 5 : 5 :
¡Netherlands 18 18 18 : 18 :

-10-
b)Gas
Consumption
The share ofnatural gasinthe Cc..^y'sgross energy
consumption isgrowing .In1973 itsshare was 12.155 .In1978 it
was 16.855 anditwill continue toincrease more rapidly than
expected inthe next few years .
Gas tariffs and rates
Awide variety ofsystems oftariffs and rates apply depending on
whether small consumers (households ),orlarge consumers (industry
.and power stations )are involved .
Inaddition ,inthe Netherlands there isadistinction between
horticultural tariffs and industrial tariffs .
aa)Gaspri_ces_f rom _T_973toJ_979
There have been very considerable price increases inall the
Community countries asaresult ofalignment onthe prices of
petroleum products .The time-lag involved inmaking the
t
Ladjustments issuch that gas isalways cheaper inaperiod of
rising petroleum product prices .However ,itshould be
emphasized that inmost countries the authorities have
attempted tofight inflation bycontrolling gas prices where
this isallowed under the rules inforce .Price freezes ,
restrictions onthe application ofcertain tariff provisions ,
and tax exemptions are some ofthe measures introduced .
There are considerable differences asregards price increases
and levels .For both domestic uses and industrial uses
prices can vary bymore than 100?between the cheapest and
most expensive location inthe Community for anidentical
type ofconsumption .

These differences can bepartially explained byanumber of
factors :
a)Gas company costs are very variable .Some companies are
close toasource ofsupply while others are not ;
b)Access toresources maydiffer agreat deal depending on
the'legal system governing the resources and according to
the geological conditions ;
c)The structure ofthe industry isnot the same inevery
Member State .Each country isanindividual case inthis
respect ; .
d)There are different 'taxation systems and the V ATrates
differ from Member State toMember State ;
e)The Member States are atdifferent stages asregards the
development oftheir gasindustries ;
f)The business policies ofthe gas companies are not
everywhere subject tothe same commercial constraints as
regards the marketing of.gas .
bb)Tariffs (see Annex 3)
Household tariffs
Ingeneral ,the simple two-part tariff isthe most common .
This consists ofamonthly ,quarterly oryearly standing
charge ,irrespective ofthe amount consumed ,and asingle
commodity rate forthe amounts actually used . '.
There are also variations onthis system : , ■'
1)two-part tariffs in"stages "(fixed charge ,different
commodity rate ,differs according tothe "stages "of
consumption );
2)nofixed charge ,commodity rate differs according toth&
different "stages "ofconsumption ;
3)single-part tariff with acommodity rate inproportion to
offtake .

-12-
Industrial tariffs
There isawide range ofsystems oftariffs andrates inthis
sector :
1)individual contracts ,particularly forlarge consumers ,
with rates varying from customer tocustomer according to
the offtake terms ;
2)simple two-part tariff (with single commodity rate);
3)two-part tariff in"stages "with decreasing rates ;
*0simple two-part tariff with rates varying with theseason
(prices arehigher inwinter than insummer );
5)two-part tariff in"stages "with decreasing rates and an
hourly ordaily standing charge vtfiich applies tothe
maximum contracted hourly ordaily offtake ;
6)single-part tariff (nostanding charge )with commodity
rates which vary according tomain classes ofconsumption ;
7)single-part tariff (nostanding charge )with -abasic
commodity rate which isreduced instages according tothe
quantity consumed .

c)Others ' ,
Ofthe other forms ofenergy,' electricity should bementioned .
There are considerable differences asregards price levels and
changes .Inthe domestic sector ,there are differences between
countries ofthe order of 100^for individual types of
consumption /Twosets offactors are lik.ely toinfluence the
level ofprices and hence explain the differences mentioned
above .Some concern production costs ,e.g. thestructure ofthe
installed generating capacity (hydro ,thermal ,nuclear ),thecost
offixed "capital ,operating -costs (technical structure ,fuel
prices ,staff costs ),transmission anddistribution ,and'
'financing arrangements .
The others concern thedifference between production and
distribution costs and selling prices . "
V •
Tax differences should also benoted .

-14-
CHAPTER II
ENERGY IN AGRICULTURE
A. IN AGRICULTURE GENERALLY
Full data onthe amount ofenergy consumed byagriculture inthe
Community asawhole are not available for the years after 1972/73.
According tosurveys carried outin1974 (1),thetotal consumption of
energy-generating products byagriculture in1972/73reached
18.5 million TOE (2),inother words ,around 2%ofthe Community 's
total energy consumption .Petroleum products (71?)represent
agriculture 'smain source ofenergy ,followed byelectricity (19?), gas
fuels (9.4?)and coal (0.4?). , '
<
In1973 ,the consumption ofpetroleum products byagriculture accounted
for around 1.4?ofthetotal consumption ofsuch products ,while the
consumption ofnatural gas byagriculture (mainly inthe Netherlands )
accounted for around 1?ofthetotal consumption ofgaseous products .
( ' :
Itisassumed that the Community 'sconsumption ofpetroleum products is
falling asaresult ofthe changeover from petroleum products to
natural gasinthe Netherlands ,France and Belgium during the past few
years .
• • ' /
The fuel used intractors and farm machinery ,which are mainly diesel
powered ,accounts for most ofthe petroleum products consumed in
agriculture .
The heating fuels (petroleum products ornatural gas)used inhothouse
horticulture account for around 0.7?ofthe Community 'stotal gross
energy consumption .
(1)Cf. Commission Memorandum tothe Council -
(2)TOE :tonne oilequivalentSEC (74)2200 Final

Petroleum products are also used inthe heating oflivestock housing ,
indrying processes andintheoperation ofdairies (1).
Ofcourse ,inorder toappreciate fully the energy needed for ./•
agricultural production ,one should notforget thesizeable quantities
consumed inthe transportation ofagricultural products and the energy
consumed bythe food industry (1).
The cost ofenergy inagriculture asawhole
Asshown ihthe table below ,energy only accounts forasmall
proportion ofoverall agricultural costs .
• ■* ·
Cost ofenergy in
relation tototal
agricultural costsCost ofenergy in :
relation tototal :
agricultural costs :
excluding the cost . :
ofhired orfamily :
labour :
:Germany 3.8# 5.2% :
:France "3.8*" 5.9% :
:Italy 2.2# 4.6# * :
:Netherlands ..'2.1# 2.8# :
:Belgium 2.1* 3.1# - :
:Luxembourg 2.7% 4.0* :
:United Kingdom - ■3.7* . ,5.2# :
:Ireland τ 1M 2.6# ~:
:Denmark 2.1% 2.8# :
Source :Farm Accountancy Data Network ,average for 1974 ,1975 and 1976 .
(1) Byway ofexample ,table No3ofAnnex 8gives abreakdown ofthe
energy used inFrench agriculture (taken from astudy carried out by -
Mr. F.Houiller ,"Les problemes d'energie et1'agriculture ",based on
asurvey carried out bytheStatistical Service of .the Ministry of
Agriculture .)

-16-
The fact that energy accounts for only asmall proportion oftotal
farming costs means that increases inthe price ofenergy have only a
limited effect onthe costs ofthe agricultural sector .
The estimated increase ,for the year ended 15December 1979 ,inthe
costs (except for the cost ofhired orfafaily labour )resulting from
increases intheprice ofenergy varies from 0.8 to 2%according tothe
country .Including the increase inthe cost ofindirect energy
consumption ,the increase varies from 1.7 to 3%•
The cost varies however according tothe type ofenterprise ,the sector
with the highest energy costs being northern Europe 'shothouse
horticulture .

-17-
B.HORTICULTURE , .. /
1.Specific problems inherent tohothouse cultivation
Itisvery difficult tomake ajudgement astothe conditions of .
competition inthis "sector .
Despite thestructure surveys carried out for the year 1975 ,
comparable statistics are lacking .
Data showing what proportion ofgreenhouse cultivation isheated are
available only for afewproducts .Nothing isknown about the
structure ofhothouse production ,the technical characteristics of
hothouses orthe systems and types ofheating used .
Nevertheless this information isindispensable inorder toassess
thesituation accurately .Thedirect consumption ofenergy ofa
greenhouse varies considerably according to: *
-itslocation (innorthern orsouthern regions ), , .
-the products grown , ' '
-the technical characteristics ofthe hothouse ,and
-the number ofproduction cycles completed inthe course ofan
accounting year .
The incidence ofthe cost ofenergy also varies according tothe
magnitude oftheother costs involved inagiven type ofproduction .
Differences ,in "thecost ofenergy between holdings inagiven region
and between countries aretherefore quite large .
The cost ofenergy 'accounts for between 17and around 56%ofrunning
costs ,notincluding wages and depreciation .
Production figures for vegetables grown inhothouses
Byweight
Comparable statistics are only available forthree categories of
horticultural products :tomatoes ,lettuces ,cucumbers and gherkins .

-18-
However ,these three categories account for most ofthe
horticultural production under glass .
Ornamental plants and flowers also represent asizeable proportion ,
but nocomparable statistics ,were available for these .
Thestatistics available concerning thetotal weight ofthe four
products referred toearlier (tomatoes ,lettuces ,cucumbers and
gherkins )show that 23?ofthe Community 'stomato production ,24?of
itslettuce production and 72?ofits cucumber and gherkin
production is'grown inhothouses (1978 figures ;source :SOEC ).
But these percentages vary considerably from country tocountry
(1978 figures ).
Tomato ,lettuce ,gherkin and cucumber production grown inhothouses
asapercentage ofthe Member State 'stotal production
:Tomatoes :Lettuces :Gherkins and
: : : cucumbers
– »–– –– –– »
I
Netherlands : 100? . : 76? : 91?
Ireland : 100? : 60? . •: 100?
Denmark : 100? : 79? : 70?
United Kingdom : .100? : 20? : 100?~
Belgium : 94? : 55? : 34?
Germany 71? : 10? : 48?
France : 14? : 24? : 73?
Italy : 10? : 2? : 16?

-19-
Each country 'sshare of.the Community 'shothouse production ,isasfollows '
(1978 production figures )
Tomatoes : .Lettuces :Gherkins and .' :
: cucumbers :
:Italy · : 32% , : 3% : k% :
:Netherlands 31% ':'36% : 65% :
:United Kingdom : 12% : 12* ~ : 11% ,:
:Belgium : 10%' :" 18? : 3% :
:France : ,9% ' : 26% •: M% :
:Ireland : 3% : ■1% :· .. ·:
:Germany - ": 2% : 3% : W ' :
:Denmark : 1% , :: · 1
1%' :ν 25S .'· :
I

-20-
Areas under hothouse cultivation -. -
Asthedefinition ofgreenhouses varies considerably between Member
States ,statistics concerning the areas under hothouse cultivation
should betreated with caution .
According tothe SOEC survey ofthe structure ofagricultural
holdings ,which was based onthe figures for 1975 ,the areas under
hothouse cultivation inthe Community were asfollows :
1975 EECstructure surveyO ) Area under hothouse vegetables and
ornamental plant cultivation inha
Germany 1.332 (2)
France 1.751
Italy · 3-449
Netherlands 6.568
Belgium s 1.214
,Luxembourg ' 2
United Kingdom . 1.116
Ireland 62
Denmark ' , 605
The surveys carried out (bythe trade in1978 show substantial
variations from these figures ,asindicated inthe table below :
Figures supplied by -the
trade
Germany
France
Italy
Netherlands
Belgium
United Kingdom
Ireland
DenmarkArea under hothouse cultivation in
1968 -
Flowers : Vegetables
1.100
850
3.695
2.519 (2)
1.300
302
240Flowers
1.017
1.380
3-383
514
575
26
560
<1)SOEC survey ofthe structure offarm holdings .
(2)Heated and unheated greenhouses .
(3)Relates toseveral production cycles .

japi2V-
■Implications
Theabove figures and thestatistics forexports (Tables 9,10and
11ofAnnex 6show that -: ,
i - . ■ • " -'
-theNetherlands accounts for 65?ofthegherkins andcucumbers r
>. i.36%ofthelettuces and' 31#ofthe tomatoes produced under glass
inthe Community ;
-theNetherlands exports 81?ofthetomatoes and76?ofthe -
gherkins itproduces ;•
-theFederal Republic ofGermany alone takes 78$ofthetomatoes
and 88?ofthegherkins andcu6umbers exported bytheNetherlands ;
-since 1974 ,theNetherlands' exports toGermany have developed as .
follows : .-
tomatoes -:+0.6?
cûcumbers :+11? ~
flowers :+15?
•- '- f
During thesame period ,thetrend ofexports from Italy was as • t
follows ; ' ...
flowers : '+16? -'
tomatoes :+66? -
cucumbers " ' -
andgherkins :+107?
However ,these figures relate tosmaller quantities ;in1978
Italy 's,exports ofcucumbers andgherkins were equivalent toonly'
1HioftheNetherlands' exports totheFederal Republic ofGermany ,"
5?ofitsexports of .tomatoes and "\3%ofitsexports offlowers .
There arealso signs ,inmost ofthecountries ,ofachangeover "from
vegetable crops toflowers andornamental plants ,which will mean
higher incomes.'

-22-
2.Prices paid bygrowers forhothouse heating fuels
a)The use ofdifferent fuels asbetween Member States
The fuels used inhorticulture and their price per unit of
calorific value varies according totheMember State (1):
natural gas
light fuel oil
heavy fuel oil
heavy and light fuel oilNetherlands
Federal Republic ofGermany rFrance ,
Ireland andLuxembourg
United Kingdom
Denmark ,Belgium andItaly
Onthebasis ofthe fuel equivalent to1000 cubic meters of ,r
natural gas ,therespective price levels are asfollows :
Netherlands
Belgium
Denmark
Italy
United Kingdom
France
Ireland
GermanyGaS
100February 1980 indices
Heavy fuel oil Light fuel oil
141
133
145
148
156274
253
247
231
246
278
Distortions therefore doexist ,especially between growers who
consume natural gas ,heavy fuel oil and light fuel oil .
(1;Comparable data forconsumption broken down according tothetype of
fuel are not available .*
(2)Country with thelowest price =100-seeAnnex 4.

,.φι _
t fo" intho
Th*Netherlands ;istho only Member State with large deoosits of
'natural gas .The Netherlands' Government has encouraged .thi»use
ofth'ssource ofenergy inhorticulture ,mainly for
envi ronmental reasons ,asanalternative' tothe widely used heavy
fuel oH which was responsible for ahigh decree ofairpollution .
Ino~der tomake the changeover more attractive ,the two
-following measures we taken :' •• •
-atthe administrative level .State subsidies we^e granted 'in
order to -facilitate the necessary investment ;
-asbetween grovels and the gasdistribution company ,an
V »
agreement was concluded with aview to -stabilizing theprice of
natural gas .When last reviewed ,the agreement provided for a'
regular increase ofone cent per cubic metre on 1Ap"il and
'1October ofeach year .
Inpractice ,however ,itwas not possible tohold tothis
p--'ncinle fully .Atthe beginning of "197° .par ityw:thheavy
fuel oil had been achieved ,but with the increases inthe price -
offuel oil which took place from July 1979 onwards ,the gap
'between the two widened .October 1979 saw abigger increase ,
designed totake account oftherise inthe prices .ofheavy fuel
oil during aperiod ofreference .Inview ofthe "ise inheavy
fuel oil p"ices and ,inparticular ,the consi derable 'inc^ases
during t'rolast few months ,the average' price ofnatural gashas'
.remained below that ofheavy fuel oil inrecent months ;,the
Impact 'ofthis isshown inthe table attached (Annex o>.
Since the autumn of1979 ,talks have been under way between the
Landbouwschap \and Gasunie (thedistribution company )with aview
toarriving atamore flexible arrangement whereby the prices of
the two resources ofenergy could bebrought closer together .
Inapril 1Q80 anagreement was reached which provides for an
increase inthe horticultural tariff of 9cent per n3spread
over 2years (3cent 1.'1.1980 and 1.4.1981 ;1,5cent 1.10 .1900
and 1.10.19$ 1).-There isalso arevision clause tocover the
situation ofahigh increase inthe cost offuel .

4
■*
-24-
Therefore the question again arises astowhether horticulture in
~the Netherlands isreceiving State aid asdefined inArticles 92
and 93ofthe Treaty .
Inthis respect ,consideration should begiven tothe following :
NVNederlandse Gasunie ,acompany under private law,with 40$ of
itscapital held byStaatsmijnen ,10%bytheState ,25% byShell
and 2555 byEsso ,isincharge ofthetransportation andsale of
the country 'snatural gas todistribution companies and major
industrial consumers ,and concludes freely negotiated contracts
under private law with natural gas buyers .
Adecision onGasunie fstariff orprices requires a
three-quarters majority .The votes are allocated asfollows :
Esso (1),Shell (1),theState (1),Staatsmijnen (2). TheState
and NVStaatsmijnen therefore cannot outvote Shell and Esso .
Hdwever ,thedistribution company must submit itstariff tothe
Ministry ofEconomic Affairs for approval .
According toinformation supplied by 1the Netherlands' Government ,
the prices ofnatural gas inthe Netherlands during the second
quarter of1979 and thefirst quarter of1980 were asfollows :
1.Small consumers (deliveries ofupto170 000 mperyear ):..
Price per cubic meter
"vast recht "per year1979
et 25
F1571980
et29

-25-
2.La^fi consumers (deliveries ofmore than 170 000 cubic meters i(1)
■1979 1980
Price per cubic meter under theoldcontracts ' 17.6
Price percubic meter under the newcontracts 20.8 .21'.9
?.Horticulturists .(2). . . '
D.)for thefirst 1S.000 cubic meters delivered 1^70 IOBO
price DO"cubic meter ct .25 •29
'b)thereafter • _
orice per cubic meter ct 15.9 20.k
3Assuming ayear 'sconsumption of250 000 m"(horticulturist A">
the cost v;oulc !bea$follows : ,
15000 cubic meters per year ot29 ct 3^000
235 000 cubic meters per year ct20.-'4 ct 794 ^00
250 000 cubic meters per year ct20.9 ct -5229 400
-2Assuming ,ayear 'sconsumption of100 000 nr (horticulturist Q)
the cost vrould beasfollows : . .|
■15000 cubic meters per year C£pg^ hoc ;qqq ^ .
85000 cubic meters per year ct20.4 ct 1734 000
100' 000 cubic meters per year ' ct21.7 'ct 216-'*000
*
The industrial tariffs xnforce are 29ctper cubic mete >-for
quantities smaller than 170 000 cubic meters per year and 22.8 c.t
per cubic meter forquantities greater than 170 000 cubic meters
per year .
O
(1)Average contract price :theprices vary from 21.8 to -28ctsper m
according tothe contract
(2^Tariff from 1.»l.T980 .

-25-
Depend 1nsonwhether heconsumes more orless than 170 000 cubic
motors pe"yfn"|theprices charged toahorticulturist must be
compared with :
-those chafed tosmall industrial consumers
?9ctper cubic meter (industry ) 21,7 ctper cubic meter
(horticulturist B)
-the prices charged to .larp;e industrial consumers
24.9 ctper cubic meter (industry 20,9 ctper cubic meter
(horticulturist A)
Asstated earlier ,thetariffs info'-oe take into account the/
prices ofcompeting forms ofenergy ,inparticular those ofheavy
fuel oil ,thelatter standing at 3'41.U2F1per tonne on
repmsentativemarkets iriFebruary 1980 .When converted into th«
equivalent for 1000 cubic meters of <rns (1tonne s1283 cubic
\
meters ,C.Gronin^en ),the correspond inn;P^iee of26.6 1ctper
cubic meter isobtained .
However ,the gar .tariff isindex linked tothe average price
quoted onthe market for heavy fuel oil asrecorded byan
independent service ofthe Netherlands Statistical Office for
deliveries ofheavy fuel oil ,viscosity 3500 sec .(IWI),ofnot .
(
le3s than 10200 tonnes per year ,
Car.unie'3 tariff must take into account the value ofthe f;as in
the region where itistobeconsumed ,the prices ofcompeting
forms ofenergy .inthe ration eoacerned .the spec <fie end-use of
thejas and possibly also the price which tho customer pi4ght have
been prepared topay for analternative ^ormofenergy inthe
same area .
(1)Onthebasis ofanannual consumption of100 000 cubic meters .
(2)Onthe basis ofanannual consumotion of250 000 cubic meters .

-27-
c)Indirect taxation specific tohorticulture under glass
aa)Excise duty (see Annex 4)
Tax measures and relief related toexcise duty can be
summarised asfollows :
-two Member States impose noexicse duty :Denmark onlight
.e and heavy fuel oils and the Netherlands onnatural gas ;
-excise duty isapplied tohorticulture atthe standard rate
inone Member State ,France ,where deliveries oflight fuel
oil togrowers are subject toatax of13.83 Fl/hl;
-deliveries forhorticulture are exempt from excise duty
under the tax provisions ofthree ofthe Member States :
Italy ,Ireland and the United Kingdom .
,ab)Itshould benoted also that two Member States ,Belgium and
Germany ,have taken special measures and are refunding some
ofthe excise duty paid ondeliveries oflight fuel oil to
horticulture ;inthe case ofGermany ,however ,the •
arrangement has sofar applied only to1979 ,nofurther
measures having yet been taken . '
Two Member States ,Belgium and theNetherlands ,fully refund ,
theexcise duty onthe heavy fuel oilsupplied to '-
horticulture .

-28-
bb)Value Added Tax
Except where itisnon-deductible (seetable below ),value
added tax iscompetitively neutral ,even ifthe rate differs
from country tocountry .
Differences inthe rate can ,indeed ,have animpact onthe
prices for the final product received bygreenhouse
horticulturists ,butitwas not possible tocalculate this
impact ,for the purposes ofthis report .

Rates ofV .A.T. .applicable on1January 1979 onenergy-reneratin ;?petroleum products andnatural
. .gassunplied toagriculture M
• ■ ' in%
Germany 1Prance■Italy Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Denmark : IrelandUnited
Kingdom
Rcrular petrol 13 17.6 1) 5 18
»16 5 20.25 10 15
Pi.rrel fuel oil 13 17.6 <1> 6 16 5 20.25 10 15
Henting oil 13 6 A 6 5 20.25 0 0
13 17.6 6·' i
6 5 20.25 0 0
Li ,Tht fuel oil 13 17. 6 6 5
t / -20.25 0 0
I.'atural pis 13 17.6 6 6 5 20.25 0 0
(1)non-deductible

-30-
d)Aid
Most Member States give ,aid byrefunding ,orgranting exemption
from ,the excise duty onthe purchase ofheating fuels for
hothouses (see page 26).
In1979 aid for the purchase ofheating fuels was granted to
Berlin ,bythe German Government under the heading ofcompensation
for the economic disadvantages caused bythe division ofGermany
(Article 92.2(c )).
.For 1980 the Federal Republic ofGermany has also provided for
aid inthe form ofacash grant corresponding toa12%interest
rebate onthe value ofthelight fuel oil used between 1January
and 31December 1978 forquantities above 5000litres .
Insome countries ,inparticular inItaly ,there are arrangements
for obtaining operating loans atlow rates ofinterest ,some of
which are used topurchase heating fuels for greenhouses .
r
Some Member States ^aveintroduced general systems ofaidwith a
view toenergy savings ,inthe context ofresearch and
development programmes ,orsubsidies for the use ofinsulating
materials ornew heating techniques .
Two Member States have provided for specific aid for the
diversification ofthe sources ofenergy used inhorticulture ,
involving ,inparticular ,the changeover toheating fired by
natural gasinthe Netherlands (the changeover isnow complete )
and togas,coal and other -forms ofenergy inGermany .
The sector also receives assistance _inthe form ofinvestment aid
*under provisions specifically related toagriculture ,orunder
general systems ofaid ,oragain under general economic measures
toencourage investment .

-31-
CHAPTER III
* - - .
III .From this first look atthe situation itcan bestated that
distortions ofcompetition inhorticulture are due tothe fact that
different forms of^energy ,with different costs perunit ofcalorific
value ,are used inthe Member States .
The choice ofthe form ofenergy used isdictated byeconomic V
considerations -(asinthe case ofnatural gas intheNetherlands , .
heavy fuel inthe United 'Kingdom and Belgium ,etc.)orby
environmental legislation ,asappears tobethe case oflight fuel'
oil inthe Federal Republic .
The Situation ismade worse bydistortions resulting from :
a)thegeneral way inwhich theprices of :petroleum products are
determined (with ,insome cases ,maximum prices fixed atlevels
varying according tonational options and ,inother cases ,prices
being allowed tofind their ownlevel onthe market );
b)indirect taxation (excise duty and V AT); ^
c)aspecial tariff fornatural gas supplied forhorticulture under
glass inone Member State ;, ' V
,d)subsidies granted forthepurchase ofheating fuels ,forenergy -
savings ,fordiversification into other forms ofenergy ,orfor
investment .

-32-
Distortions resulting from differences inthe costs ofproduction
The costs ofproduction vary asbetween Member States .Acountry 's
natural advantages oraholding 'sgeographical and economic position
can lead todifferences between countries and regions .Such .
differences cannot beconsidered asadistortion ofcompetition .
When the common agricultural policy and inparticular the structure
policy thereof was devised ,account was taken ofthe natural
differences between agricultural regions and the need gradually tomake
the necessary adjustments and rationalization inorder toovercome
these disadvantages .
The common agricultural structure policy and aspecific scientific
research policy aimed atproducing cheaper forms ofenergy are
instruments which could infuture help tomitigate the negative effects
ofincreases inthe cost ofenergy . -
Overall differences between the economies ofthe various Member States
The difference between the general ways inwhich theprices of •.
petroleum products are determined (with ,in 1some cases ,maximum prices
fixed atlevels varying accoridng tonational options and ,inother
cases ,prices being allowed tofind their ownlevel onthe market )
gives rise toanoverall distortion between the various Member States'
economies .Ifall the holdings inagiven country are the subject of
such distortion inrelation tothe economy ofother Member States asa -
whole ,inother words ,inrelation toall their competitors ,the
Community 'seconomic provisions become applicable ,inparticular ,
Chapters 1and 2ofTitle IIofthe Treaty concerning the conjunctural
policy (Article 103)and thebalance ofpayments (Article 104).
Distortions ofaspecific nature '
Where adifference between theprovisions laid down bylaw ,regulation
oradministrative action inMember States isfound todistort the
conditions ofcompetition inasector ,the Council may ,acting ona
proposal bythe Commission ,issue theDirectives necessary inorder to
remove the differences (Article 101). v

-33-
The Commission isofthe opinion that aspecific distortion falls
within the meaning ofArticle 101 ofthe Treaty when : ■■-
1 - • • - /-
a)asector bears aheavier orlighter burden than the average for the
*
economy inwhich itissituated ,
b)theadditional burden orrelief *does not apply tothe corresponding
sector ofother Member States ,
.c)this (relative )additional burden orrelief isnotoffset by *
provisions having anopposite effect . :
J ■t -
Incompliance with this principle ,Article 101 cannot apply tothe
distortions inhorticulture which result from the fixing of.prices for
petroleum products atdifferent levels .Itwould ,inparticular ,be
, Λ
arbitrary totake inisolation one ofthe general conditions inwhich
the holdings ofaMember State operate (forinstance theprice of
_fuels )which handicaps production inaMember .State bycomparison with
other Member States ,while ignoring the fact that other general
conditions affecting production (for example ,:social security payments ,
direct taxation ,conditions ofcredit result ,inthat production
enjoying amore favourable position than its competitors .
Indirect taxation (excise duty )
Most Member States grant exemption from ,or .refund ,partly orfully ,
theexcise duty onmineral oils intended for theheating ofgreenhouses .
On9August 1973 ,the "Commission addressed tothe Council aproposal
for aDirective onthe harmonization ofexcise duties onmineral
oils (1).This Directive would still allow Member States tomaintain
the exemptions orreductions intherate which they apply atthe date
when thedirective enters into force inthe inshore fishing and
agriculture sectors (Article 10). .-
(1)OJNoC92,31.10.1973 .

Article 19ofthe draft Directive provides that the Commission shall
submit tothe Council before 1July 1974 (the date obviously nolonger
applies ,asthe Council hasyet toact onthedraft )proposals
concerning acommon excise duty scheme tobeapplied tomineral oils
used inthe agriculture sector .
Preparatory work done in1974 toput these proposals into final form
came tonothing .The opinions expressed bythe government
representatives onaworking group chaired bythe Commission differed
considerably astowhether' attempts should bemade tofind acommon
scheme inthis field .The reasons put forward were ,.inparticular ,
that the cost ofadministering such ascheme would outweigh the
potential benefit tothe farmers ,that theeffect asregards
competition between farmers inthe various Member States would be
negligible and that itwas important that isolated measures inthe
agriculture sector should beavoided . , • -
Inview ofthis negative attitude ,the Commission had tostop work on
theproposals forthe special excise duty scheme foragriculture
^ •
originally planned ,pending adecision bythe hCouncil onthebasic
Directive .The fact isthat consideration ofthe Directive bythe
Council (Group onFinancial Questions )washalted inMarch 1975 ,at
Article 8ofthe draft and has not resumed since .
Exemption from ,orrefunds of,excise duty constitute aidwithin the
meaning ofArticles 92and 93ofthe Treaty .The Commission has not
taken exception tothese practices inview ofthe comparable conditions
inthe Member States . '
Special natural gastariff
Asearly as1974 thespecial natural gastariff inthe Netherlands was
examined bythe ;Commission inorder todetermine whether.it constituted
aid within the meaning ofArticles 92and 93ofthe Treaty ..

-3t>
The Commission isofthe opinion that apreferential tariff comes
within the scope ofArticles 92and 93ofthe Treaty ifitfulfils the
three following conditions :
1.itmust betothe advantage ofcertain enterprises orcertain
productions ; ... , ' '
2.itmust have been laid down bythe public authorities ;
3.itmust give rise toState compensation tothedistributing company
ortolower State revenue .
Asshown inthe analysis which begins onpage 21,the special tariff
applied byGasunie inrespect ofgreenhouse horticulturists islower
than that applied toindustrial consumers in-the Netherlands .Tothe
.Commission 'sknowledge ,noother Member State applies aspecial tariff
for gas used asheating fuel byabranch ofactivity .Itshould be
noted ,however ,that the Netherlands exports natural gas toMember
States atprices below thetariff applied tohorticulture inthe -
ι
Netherlands (1),although the transactions concerned are not comparable .
The two other criteria are ,toacertain extent ,inter-connected .
Insofar astheState could besaid tohave imposed the Gasunie tariff ,
does theresulting lower income for Gasunie constitute aid?
TheState holds 50%ofGasunie 'sshares andtherefore has astrong
influence onthe running ofthe company anditspricing policy ,
although itdoes not have asufficient number ofvotes toimpose a
tariff against thewill ofitspartners .-Under anagreement with -
Gasunie ,theMinistry ofEconomic Affairs reserves theright toapprove
theselling prices and conditions ofsupply topublic distributors in
theNetherlands .The Commission has found .novalid argument which
could lead tothe conclusion that thefixing byGasunie ofa
preferential tariff forhorticulturists isdictated bycommercial
promotion considerations .
(1)Horticultural tariff based onaconsumption of250 000cubic meters
peryear :68.3 ECUper 1000cubic meters ;average export price ofthe
gasapplicable until April 1980 :56.6 ECU per .1000 cubic meters .
However ,thequantities ofthecontracts concerned areinnoway
comparable .

-36-
Thequantities ofgas delivered ,whim determine the advantages
granted byGasunie tocertain lars;e consumers are smaller inthe case
ofhorticulturists than inthe case of Nlarge industrial consumers ,,
despite the .fact that prices tohorticulture ,are ,below the average Qf
those for industry (1).
Invie :-/ofthe foregoing and considering the fact that the special
horticultural tariff for .natural gas results inapermanent advantage
for horticulture atatime ofprice increases ,and considering also
that the existence ofthis tariff inits present form isaffecting the
development oftrade ina:manner contrary "tothe Community 's
interests ,the Commission finds itnecessary toexamine this tariff in
the light ofArticle 9?ofthe Treaty and apply the orocedure provided
for inArticle 93(1 ).
Aid for the use oflightfuelinGerm any ■
The Commission was also' called upon togive its opinion onad~aft aid
programme notified byGermany ,aimed atintroducing for 198O aid of
12%for light fuel-oil used inhorticulture during 1978 .Onthe basis
ofanoverall assessment ofthe situation asregards energy prices ,
the Commission isofthe opinion that the aid can beconsidered
compatible with the common market byway ofthe exception provided for
in .Article 92<3)(c ),subject tocertain conditions ,which can beused
asguidelines for other similar measures .
The conditions are that : . v
-the aid must enable horticulturists toadapt tothe' new situation
prevailing onthe market for energy-generating products ,toremain
in -activity during the period concerned and tochange over toless
costly forms ofenergy , ' .
-the aid must ,beaccompanied byother structural measures atnational
orregional level for changing over toalternative heating systems ,
-the aid must be .limited toone year and must not amount tomore than
30?Jofthe increase recorded between January 1978 and 1930 ,.inthe
price (excluding tax )ofthe fuels used .
The Commission considers that the measure must betransitional in
nature and therefore limited toone year . . •
The Commission will review itsposition ifachange occurs ,inthe
conditions ofcompetition inthe Community asregards energy 5n
horticulture .The Commission remains firmly attached tothe principle
according towhich the price of'energy must befully reflected inthe
costs ofproduction .
(1)Thetariff changes effective from 1.'1.1930 have not changed this
situati on.

-37
IV .CONCLUSION
- - " i
1.Differences inthe cost ofthe energy used byhorticulturists are
above all due tothe fact that the Member States use different
fuels inhorticulture ,with costs perunit ofcalorific value which
vary byaratio ofone tothree .
2.Inthelight ofthe „information available theCommission is
applying theprocedure provided forinArticle 93.1 oftheTreaty
regarding thenatural gastariff forhorticulture inthe
Netherlands . -
3.Inthepresent situation itisimportant forMember States tohelp
bring about anewapproach totheuseofenergy inthis sector with
/ «•
aview tobringing about energy savings and tousing types of
energy which areless costly per unit ofcalorific value .
4.Inthelight oftheshort-term situation asseen atpresent ,aidof
atransitional nature which makes itpossible tobegin the
changeover tonewsources ofenergy and amore rational usethereof
could beaccepted under Articles 92and 93oftheTreaty ,fora
period ofuptoayear .The Commission will review thesituation
iftheconditions ofcompetition asregards energy inhorticulture
change . . -
1 >
5.TheCommission considers that theultimate objective oftheaction
taken must befor the costs ofproduction toreflect theprice of
energy .

-38-
ANNEXES

-39-
ANNEX 1
ENERGY BALANCE SHEETS

ANNEXI
KIERGY BALAl.'C;' ]SHEETFORTIECOMMUNITY' FOR1973
(MTOE)
Inlandproduction Iletimports Grossconsumption
folic!ΓμρΙβ194.1%
55.9 25.5*
4,1 219.6X
22.6
•■'il ' 11.8 3.4 587.6 93-0 592.5 61.0
li'ηtur,il.ras 114.2 32.9 3.6 0.6 117.8 12-1
;"\;Π ·ΛΡΤ 12.5 4-0 -,( 1.4
Other 3.8 14-5
«2-3 27.0 -2.8
346.7 100 631.2 100 971.0 100
\ \

' ANNRX_I
EKERGY MIAÎ;CF ,SÎSÈT FOR 1978 ■
\Inland production Net importa Gross consumption
* X
•Χ
:;οΊidíuol s . .
I172.8 39.8 25.6 4.8 203 .2 20.9
Oir
ft64.5 14.9 ; 470.0 88.8 541.7 55,?
Κal'ural rae 135.1
»31.1 30.8 5.8 163.4 16.8
Nùc '.c.ir 28.3 6.5 - 28.3
01.ìior 32.7 7.5 2.7 0.5 35.4 3.ó
433 .4 100 529 1 100 972 .0 100

-42-
ANNEX
SELLING PRICES OFPETROLEUM PRODUCTS

-43-
Annex 2
DEVELOPMENT OF CERTAIN ENERGY PRICES
The prices indicated inthe artnexes are order -of-magmtude figures and
should therefore beinterpreted with all due caution .
They relate tomaximum prices inthe case ofthose countries -where maximum
price systems are inforce (Netherlands ,Belgium ,Italy and France ),and
reflect the market situation inthe case ofthe other Member States .
The prices indicated take noaccount ofrebates ,special terms ,etc.,e.g.
rebates which may begranted for farming orcertain types offarming .,
Conversion rates used
100units (national currency )= EUA
Belgium
Denmark
Germany
France " ORIGINAL MISSING ????■
Ireland
Italy '
Netherlands >
United Kingdom -

TnrHcat.nr–Conr.^r.^r iops1Q7f >,•70
,–...–– –^ " ' Annex2
Premium Oasolinn!netrol)
innational currencies -T^xes -'dutiesox-'1-.t^od/lOOO1
••"•■>;:\SI-.Tri:-:.'"71n"'
» θ DK D F Irl It NL UK
' ■':<frsInd.D'-cr Ind.DMInd.FF Ind.ï.Ind.Lit.Ind.~r11Ind,£ Ind.
ί·
15.01.19785.788100 967,91 100381,34100..954,20 100 92,87100'143.930 100409,71 100 82,90100
15,12.1978 6.850118,34 1,066,69110,20 403105,67 882,60 92,4988,3995,17143,930 100435,98118,61 88,55106,81
1.10.1979 8.330143,921,360 140,50 505132,42 1.137,20119,18148,35159,74139,332 131,54572,42139,71143,80173,46
3.10.1979 8.330143,921.360 140,50 505132,421.137,20 119,18148,35159,74189,332 131,54572,42139,71143,20172,73
15.10.1979 8,620148,921,360 140,50 505132,421.137,20 119,18148,35159,74'139,332 131,54575,42139,71142,80172,25
22.10.1979 8.620148,921,360 140,50 505132,421.137,20 119,18148,35159,74 189,332 131,54572,42139,71142,42171,79
29,10.1979 8.620148,92¡1,360 140,50 505132,421,137,20 119,18148,35Í59,74139,332 131,54572,42139,71142,00171,29
5.11.19798.620148,92¡1,360 140,50 505132,42 1.137,20119,18148,35159,74 189,332 131,54572,42139,71141,66170,88
'2.11.^1979 8,620148,921.360 140,50 505132,421.137,20 119,18148,35159,74189,332 131,54572,42139,71140,89169,95
*9,11.1979 8.620148,921,360 140,50 505132,421.137,20 119,18148,35159,74 189.332 131,54572,42139,71140,50169,48
2i.11.19798,620148,921.360 140,50 505132,421.137,20 119,18148,35159,74189.332 13.1,54572,42139,71140,50169,48
!ί.12.1979
I8.620148,921,360 140,50 505132,421.162,70 121,85148,35159,74189.332 131,54539,37143,95140,90169,48
i10.12.1979
ι.9.040156,191.360 140,50 511134,00 1.162,70121,85148,35159,74189.332 131/54539,37143,85142,80172,26
,'7.12.1979 9.040156,191.400 144,60 514134,791.162,70 121,85148,35159,74189.332 131,54539^37143,85142,80172,267,01.19309,990172,601.400 144,60 514134,791.324,30 138,79148,35159,74238.439 165,66610,07148,90144,70174,55
'¿.01.19209.990172,601.450 149,80 514,134,791.324,30 138,79148,35159,74238.439 165,66610,07148,90146,60176,83
'',01.1933
!^."1.1930
1-,,r^9.990172,601,450 149,80 550144,221.324,30 138,79148,35159,74 238.439 165,66610,-07148,90154,30186,12
10,330178,471.570 162,20 570149,471.324,30 133,79148,35159,74 238.439 165,66I
610,07 '148,90154,30136,12
1-,-2.193:13.330178,471.570 162,20 575 150,781.324,30 123,79148,35159,74 253,439 1Ί5,66632,11154,23153,70135,40
i'«-'2.1930
ι11,020,190,391.610 -166,33 580152,091.324,30 133,79148,35159,74 238,439 165,66632,11154,28150,50131,54

Indicator -Consumer Prices 1978 /79 ; ' '
•Automotive Casoil
•innational currencies –■Taxes? /dutien excluded /lOOO 1.
Index :100 =January 197$ -Annex 2
15.01.1978
15.12.1978
1.10.1979
8.10.1979
15.10.1979
2?..-10.1979
29.10.1979
5.11.1979
12.11.1979
19.11.1979
Zb.11.1979
3.*2.1979
10.12.*979
17.V2.r979
7.01.19c2
'I.?1θ
Bfrs
A.648
5.425
7.800
8.190
8.190
8.190
8.190
8.380
8.380
*j8.380
18.380'
i8.240
I
;8.330
■8.330
ι
9.030
9.370
i9.37Q
^R.,11Ind.DK
Dkr
.0ι.19;;19.370
i*.go:,7•^100
116,71
167,81
176,20
176,20
176,20)
176,20i
180,29'
180,29 ,
180,29 ;
180,29'
177,28
179,21
179,21
194,28
201,59
201,59
'201,59
i201,59
9."'£0j210,41930,02
903
1.555
1.555
1.555
1.555
1.555 ,
1.555
1.555
1.555
1.555
1.555 ,
1.555
1.645
1.645
1.695
1.695
1.695
1.710
1.760Ind.
100-
97,09
167,20
167,20
167,20
167,20
167,20
167,20
167,20
167,20
167,20
167,20
1167,20
176>88
i
176,88
182,25
182,25
182,25
j1í'3,86
1139,24Oil
377,29
379,61
506
506
506:
506V
j506
i507
!507
é
:507
!507.
:507
'517
'524 ...
524
531
565
■585
590.Ind.FF
100
100,61
134,11 !
134,11
134,11
134,11 ;
134,11 ,
134,37
134,37
134,37
134,37
134,37;
137,03 !
138,89 ;
138,89 .:
140,74'
149,75
155,05 ;
156,37 .!
,592 '!156,90 !
1- i ■1716,30
699,40
936,90
936,90
"936,90
936,90
936,90 -
936,90
936,90
936,90
936,90
962,40
962,40
962,40
.124,00
.124,00
.124,00
.124,CO
.124.,CO
.124,00Ind.
100
97,64
130,80
130,80
130,80
130,80
130,80
130,80
130,80Irl
96,24
93,03
148,72
148,72
148,72
148,72
Κ3",72
148,72
148,72Ind.
130,80jl50,35
»
130,80jl50,35
134,351150,35
'134,35j150,35
'134,35|150,35
!156,92il50,35
:156,92 150,35.
'156,92-150,35
■156,92 5C,35
I
,156,92 .IS:,35
156,92n5:,35100
96,66
154,53
154,53
154,53
154,53
|Ϊ54,53
154,53
154,53
156,22
.156,25
156,22
I
.156;:?
15c,.'2
jl5r;,.\'
!i5f.;.v;.
;1Sr..,V
AC.
!'It
Lit
118.870
117.115
187.230
187;230
187,230
187,230
187.230
1817.230
187.230
187.230 .
187.230
187,230
187.230
187.230 .
229.334'
229.334
229.334
229.334
229.334
229.334Ind.NL
PI
100
98,50
157,50
157,50
157,50
157,50
157,50
157,50
157,50
1157,50
ι.
157,50
•J157,50
j157,50
■157,50|
'192,92 ;
.192,92 '
!192,92 |
•192,92!
1192,92
!192,92357,83
353,43
520,38
520,38
520,38
520,38
520,38
520,38
520,38
520,38
520,38
540,72
540,72Ind.
100
98,77
145,42
145,42
145,42
145,42
145,42
145,42
145,42
145,42
145,42
151,11
151,11UK
Ind.
540,721151,11
563,60 :157,50
563,60157,50
563,60!l'57,50
563,60¡157,50
589,87 |164,84
589,871164,8494,80
93,77
142
142
142
142
142
142
141,37
141,37
141,37
141,80
j143,70
143,70
1
1147,10
|l47,10
1154,80
154,80
il54,80
(156,90100
99,05
149,78
149,78
149,78
149,78
149,78 =
149,78
149,12
149,12,
149,12
149.57
151.58
151,58
155,17
155,17
163,29
163,29
163,29
159,17

Annex
VC
vlBfrs
15.01 .19?^
15.12.1973
1.12.1979
S. 1:.1979
^5.T.1979
iG.i9?9
:'5.i:.i979
5.11.19 ;?
•;.< i.:;79
*9.1 *.1979
i.1979
3.12.19-9
12.19'' »
l7.12.19-9
••w I»'?w«i
"•w m » yj
« χ4 «^·Λ •V« «**•%..■.!>:]
* «« »,"s -«* ι ι^-·- I#ι^^^
-.Γ2.1^;3
.T2.%9S34.135
4.484
6.820
7.110
7.1*0
7.110
7.110
7.3:0
|7.3JC
|7.J:Û
I7.160
I
:7,160
'7.2 50
7.250
i7.950
|8.290
!8.290
'8.290
8.290
8.700Ind.DK
Dkr
100
108,44
164.93
171.94
171,94
171,94
171,94'
;i"6,54
I
17Ó *
ì'73,15
175,15
"175,33
175,33
'192,26
200,43
i200,48
I
'2u0,48
200,48
210,39760,53
736,70
1.380 '
1.380
1.380
1.3<$o :
1.330
1.380
1.330
1.330 .
1
1.330
1.330
■1.453 .
1.480
1.530
1.530
1.530
'i.545
,1.595 .Ind .
100
96,87
131,45
131,45
131,45
;1S1,45
181,45
:131,45
131,45
',*31,45
.181,45
'31,45
181,45
194,60
194,60
201,17
201,17
201,17
203,14D-:
256,60
290,2C
!480
478
478
!478 -
■483
485
L493
.500
.503
510
517
519
533
545
545
545 -
•543
209,72 ,543• f ÍK It ' NL UK
Indt FF Ind.£ Ind. Lit Ind. Fl . Ind.£ Ind.
100i
661 100 89,90 100 110.984 100 296,30 100 79,60 100
113,09 627 94,85 75,16 92,90 109.345 98,52 293,30 98,98 78,10 98,11
187,06' 867,cV131,28 130,39 161,17 175.809 158,40 462,80 156,19 114,50 143,84
187,06 867,8>'131,28 130,39 161,17 175.809 158,40 462,80 156,19 114,50 143,84
187,016 867,8>'131,28 130,39 161,17 176 012 158,59 462,80 156,19 114,50 143,84
I187,06 867,8 ;;131,28130,39 161,17 176.747 159,25 462,80 156,19 116,00 145,72
1.88,23 867,8v131,28 130,39 161,17 176.747 159,25 462,80 156,19 116,00 145/72
189,01 867,8«' 131,28 130,39 161,17 181.361 163,41 ¡462,80 156,19 116,00 145,72
192,12!867,s;131,28 130,29 161,17 182.090 164,06 462,80 156,19 116,00 145,72
194,85 867,8 :131,2*8 130,39 161,17 182.298 164,25 462,80 156,19 117,00 146,98
196,02¡ 867,8 ^131,28 130,39 161,17 182.298 164,25 462,80 156,19 117,00 146,98
198,75 894,ú"135,26 130,39 161,17 182.301 164,25 482,80 162,94 118,00 148,24
201,48 894,Ï.'135,26 130,39 161,17 182.301 164,25 482,80 162,94 118,00 148,24
"202,26
I894,1 ."135,26 130,39 161,17 182,301 164,25 482,80 162,94 ¡118,00148,2'
i207,72 1.055,7 ."159,71 130,39 161,17 223.670 201,53 502,80 169,69 124,00 155>7£
I212,39 1.055,?; '59,71 130,39 161,17 223.670 201,53 502,80 169,69 ¡124,00155,7a
I71-}7Q
,-1ηςς -.·159,71 130,39 161,17 223.670 201,53 502,80 169,69 ;13?,HQ 165,8 ?
212,39 1.055,'·· '59,71 130,39 161,17 223.670 201,53 502,SO169,69 132,00
.165,8 *
211,61' 1.055,7 ;)59,71 130,39 161,17 223.670 201,53 ¡528,80 178,46 132,00 165,82
211,61 1EQ*v5.7 ;'59,71 130,39 161,17 223.670 201,53 528,80 178,46 132,00 165,8.'

iJeavyfueloil
innational currencies –Taxes /duties excluded /M.T. ■
Index :100 =January 1978
15.01.1978
15.12.1978
!1.10.1979
J8.10.1979
is.*:.:97 ?
I2.\.1C.VÎ79
^f>.10.1979
''-'..11.
'v:.ii.v;r9
''1.1979
•7'■.:i.:?79
"'.'2.19-0
1:'.
■i7.12.1T5
.Ml.1953.
v..c:."9s:
1
1'.1930
•M."2.19ij
4-2.19îQ0 OK 0 F Irl -■it NL UK
\-
Bfrs Ind.Pk'r Ind. DMInd.FF Ind.Ê Ind. Lit Ind..FiInd.€.Ind.
3.057 100 563'100 ,297,16 100422,50 10066,62100 73.139 100*213,07 10049,05 100 .
2.728 89,23 488 86,68196,38 94,79425,10 100,61 62,9194,43 75.623 103,39180,92 84,9146,30 94,30
3.490114,16 740131,43 262 126>47608,10 143,93100,64151,06 ,118.907 162,57283,22132,9271,30145,36
3.490114,16 740131,43 263126,95608,10 143,93100,64151,06,117.871 161,16283,22132,9270,50143,73
3.-90114,16 740 ■
.131,43 263 126,95608,10 143,93100,64151,06 116.852 159,76283,22132,9270,60 ,143,93 ·
3.711121,39 '740131,43 ■263 ,126,95 :608,10 143,93100,64151,06 116.852 159,76283,22 132^92,71,40145,56 ;
.3.711
1121,39 .740131,43 263126,95608,10 143,93'100,64151,06 116.441 159,21283,22132,92 71,60145,97ν
3,711121,39 740131,43 268129,36658,10 143,93100,64151,06 115.791 158,31283,22132,9271,80146,38
3.711121,39 740
.. .131,43
131,43271130,81658,10 143,93 100,64151,06 116.963 159,91283,22132,9271,90 .146,58
3.901
'127,60
•'.740 271130,81658,10 143,93100,64151,06 119.129 162/88283,22132,92 .72,00 146',78^
3.901127,60 740131,43
-271
■130,81 -658,10 143,93100,64151,06 122.027 .162,88283,22132,9272,00146,78 .
4.C76133,33 740131,43 287
'138,54!718,10
138,541718,10 .169,$6100,64151,06 124.155 169,75298,22139,9673,00148,82 I
'..291140,37 740
•131,43
.287 169,96100,64151,06 126.716 .173,25298,22139,9673,00148,82
4.291.140,37 820
•■' .·>145,64 297143,37718,10 169,96100,64151,06 131.172 179,35298,22139,96 (73,00148,82 .
4.701v153,73 820145,64 315152,06800,00 189,35100,64151,06 -152.973 209,15313,22 -·147,00¡79,50162,08
4.701
·*153,78 990175,84 315152,06800,00 189,35100,64151,06 153.232209,50¡313,22147,00¡79,50162,08
'^.701
I153,78 "990 '175,84 315152,061800,00 189.35h00,64151,06· 154.477 *211,21313,22147,0085,00173,29
'4.701 153,78 99017.5,84 315152,06740,00 175,14100,64151,06 155.442 212,52313,22147,00'85,00173,29
4.701153,78 990175,84 322,155,43740,00 ~175,14100,64¡151,06 153.741 210,20341,42 160,2385,00
.173,29
4.738154,98 .990175,84 320154,46'740,00 175,14100,64151,06 150.410 205,64341,42160,2385,OO'173,29

-MO-
ANNEX 3
NATURAL GAS TARIFFS INTHE MEMBER STATES

-1J9-
Annex 3
Tariff structures ineach Member State
Federal .Re£ubl ic_of.Germany -
Household tariffs .
Asthere isanopen market and alarge number ofcompanies sell gas for
domestic purposes ,tariffs vary from one town toanother ,but ,ingeneral ,
simple two-part formulae (astanding charge plus auniform commodity rate
forall the gas consumed )apply ,with theresult that theprice per unit
decreases asthe quantity ofgas consumed goes up. -
Industrial tariffs
■Strictly speaking ,there isnopublished tariff inthe Federal Republic
forgas supplied toindustrial and similar users .The prices which the
smaller consumers are charged are laid down instandard contracts or
-implied tariff agreements (quasi tariffs )incorporating revision clauses ,
whilst those charged tothe larger consumers are laid down inindividual
contracts negotiated between theparties concerned .Industrial consumers
inthe same town may besupplied either bythe local distributors or
directly from the long-distance transmission companies ,and the price
differs accordingly .The factors governing price formation include the
quantity ofgassupplied and "modulation "(load ratio ).Thus adecreasing
scale ofprices isapplied according tothe volume ofconsumption and the ,
regularity ofthe daily orhourly demand contracted .
Belgium
Household tariffs .
These tariffs are ofthe two-part type in"stages "(fixed charge plus
variable rates which decrease according tothe quantities consumed ).-
Prices are indexed ,and indexing issubject tonegotiation and periodic
revision . - 1
Industrial tariffs '
Adistinction should bemade between small industrial consumers who are
supplied bythelocal distributors and large' industrial consumers who are
supplied bythe importing company , -

-50-
Annex 3
Inthe case ofthe former ,thetariffs are ofthe two-part type in
"stages "and amodulation (load ratio )factor isincluded .Inthe case of
thelatter ,supply contracts forquantities inexcess of8000 Gcal per
year are concluded directly between theparties concerned .
The industrial prices laid down inthese contracts are made upofthree
components :
1.the basic price which takes into account the hourly and daily
coefficients ofregularity (modulation orload ratio );
2.acoefficient for reducing the price according tothe volume consumed ;
3.anindex which reflects thefrontier purchase price ,the price of
certain types ofsteel sheet and the consumer price index .
Denmark
Household tariffs
Households are supplied atvarious tariffs known as"subscription " 1
tariffs ,which are made upofthree components :
1.anannual standing charge ;
32.acommodity rate per m,
3.amonthly index which reflects the cost ofthe rawmaterials used for
3gas production and isapplied tothe commodity rate -per m.
Industrial tariffs
The industrial tariff which isapplied toconsumption levels between 100
and 10000 Gcal' per year ismade upofthree components :
1.anannual standing charge which varies according tothe installed
capacity ofthe plant and includes the meter rental ;
3 ... ,2.arate per mwhich decreases instages according toquantity ;
3.anindex which reflects the cost ofthe rawmaterials used for gas
3production and isapplied totherate per m.
3These tariffs apply toannual quantities ofupto250 000 m,i.e.
1000 Gcal .Special contracts offering more favourable terms are
_concluded with one ortwo larger firms .

Annex 3
France
Household tariffs
Generally speaking there isatwo-part formula for domestic tariffs ,with
astanding charge (subscription )which includes meter rental .
Industrial tariffs
Two-part tariffs similar tothose applied tohouseholds are available for
small factories ,commercial premises and workshops (100-1000 Gcal per
annum ). These tariffs include astanding charge orannual subscription
fee which includes the meter rental and isthe same throughout the country
and acommodity rate which varies from town totown .
Large industrial consumers buying atleast 10000 Gcal per annum ,are
supplied under contract tariffs comprising : ,
a)astanding charge which isthe-same throughout the whole ofazone
supplied with the same gas ; . ~
b)astanding hourly charge determined bythe agreed maximum hourly
offtake ;
c)astanding daily charge determined bythe agreed maximum daily offtake ;
d)acommodity rate with three stages ofdegression .
Adistinction ismade between thetariffs applied tocustomers connected
tothedistribution netwrok and thetariffs applied tothose linked -
directly tothe long-distance transmission ongrid ;inthelatter case
the unit price isslightly lower . •-
Ireland '
Household tariffs ■ -
Three tariffs exist inDublin :
1.prepayment (coin meter ); .
2.ordinary "domestic tariff ; .
3.two-part domestic tariff .

-52-
Annex 3
The prepayment tariff applies tousers who consume two Goal per annum ,the
ordinary domestic tariff tothose who consume four Gcal per annum and the
two-part tariff tothecentral heating ofindividual dwellings (20Gcal
i
per annum ). .There isnoblock central heating inDublin .
Industrial tariffs
Two tariffs are available for non-domestic customers :
1.anindustrial tariff consisting ofabasic commodity rate which is
reduced instages according tothe quantity consumed ;
2.acommercial two-part tariff consisting ofacommodity rate per therm
and astanding charge related toboiler size .The commodity rate is
reduced instages according tothe quantity consumed .
Ital^r
Household tariffs
Inview ofthe way inwhich theItalian gas industry isorganized
domestic tariffs vary from town totown .However ,the general structure
remains broadly similar .
Asageneral rule ,the consumer price levels for natural gas depend onthe
prices atwhich SNAM supplies the urban distribution companies .These
prices are determined according totwo formulae ,each ofwhich takes the
following factors into account :
1.workers' wages ;
2.wholesale prices ;
3.fuel oil prices .
Industrial tariffs
Adistinction should bemade between small industrial users consuming up
3to700 000 mper annum (approximately 6400 Gcal ),who are supplied by
local distributors ,and large industrial consumers who are supplied
directly bySNAM .
Small consumers (commercial premises and workshops )are charged tariffs
which differ from town totown and even according tothe use they make of
the gas .

Annex 3
The tariff structure issimilar tothat for domestic heating and isbased
mainly oneither single orgraduated standard charges ,,possibly with a
charge for meter rental .
Inthe case ofthe larger industrial consumers ,on'the other hand ,a
uniform tariff system isapplied throughout the country .The basic tariff
covers non-interruptible supplies forall uses with the exception of
chemical synthesis (80?ofsales ). Annual contracts lay down maximum and
minimum consumption levels ,with apenalty clause operative where the
maximum isexceeded orthe minimum isnot reached ,but the "modulation "of
offtake (load ratio )isnot taken into account ,inthe calculation ofthe .,
price .This tariff system isextremely simple and covers three classes of
3, . ._ 3consumption (=£3million m/year ;3to25million m/year ;
3>25million m/year )with differentiated .prices onadecreasing
scale .Forinterruptible supplies (ENEL power stations only ),prices are
aligned onthose for heavy fuel oil . . -
Grand Duchy £f_Luxembourg
Household tariffs
These tariffs are made upofthe meter rental which varies according to
the size oftheinstallation ,one ortwo monthly standing charges and a
commodity rate .Thetariff components are updated twice ayear onthe
basis ofthe cost ofliving index and thefrontier price ofnatural gas .
Industrial tariffs
-
Thetariff forsmall factories (100Gcal peryear )has attwo-part
structure similar tothat for domestic heating ,whereas higher rates of
consumption are charged onthe basis ofthree-part formulae which include
the maximum authorized daily orhourly offtake .There isanadditional
charge formeter rental which varies according totherating ofthe
installation . •

-54-
Annex 3
Netherlands
Domestic tariffs
Tariffs vary according totheannual rate ofconsumption only and arenot
usually affected bytheuse towhich the gas isput orthe occupation of
thesubscriber .The tariff categories have now been reduced totwo
o o
(0-600 mand600-170 000m).There are simple two-part tariffs for
individual consumers ..
3Block heating systems using over 20000mayear may benefit from a
3two-part graduated tariff which ischeaper .The first 600mare
charged atthe first category rate ,butfurther amounts are charged ata
lower rate .Anadditional charge ismade foreach dwelling and there is
also aminimum charge .
Industrial tariffs ,
3Small industrial orcommercial consumers using upto170000mayear
come under the !same tariff system asdomestic consumers .Customers who
usemore than this amount are generally supplied bylocal distribution
3companies foramounts upto2000000mayear ,anddirectly byGasunie
(
over this amount .They aresubject tospecial tariff systems according to
their contracts .The tariff forgrowers producing crops under glass is
also negotiated with Gasunie ..
3Itconsists oftwoparts .The first 15000mofgasare charged atthe
3domestic rate .Above 15000mthetariff iscomparable tothat for
industrial users consuming more than 170000m. -
United_Kingdom
Household tariffs
Three tariffs are available todomestic consumers .Two ofthese are
credit tariffs (General Credit andGold Star )vdiich consist ofastanding t
charge irrespective oftheamount used andacommodity rate pertherm of
gasused .

Annex 3
The other tariff available ineach zone isthe prepayment tariff (with a
coin meter )which ischeaper for very small consumers using less than 20
to25therms (0.5 Gc*l )aquarter ).
Industrial tariffs '
Adistinction should beBade between small and large consumers ,the
dividing line being 100 000 therms (2500 Gcal )ayear .
Any non-dome3tic consumer burning less than 2500 Gcal ayear can buy gas
according tothe published schedule ofcharges ,,There are atpresent two
main commercial and industrial tariffs .
The Commercial Heating Tariff isavailable tocommercial andindustrial
consumers who burn gas mainly for space orwater heating .Itconsists of
astandard charge based onthe rated output oftheinstallation and a
commodity charge .The General Credit Tariff used byhouseholds isalso
available tonon-domestic consumers .Asalready explained ,this tariff
comprises arelatively small standing charge and afairly high but
decreasing commodity charge . ,
There isalso athird tariff -the Power Generation Tariff .This isthe
obligatory tariff for consumers who use gasforprivate power generation .
Itconsists ofastanding charge based ontherating ofthe equipment and
acommodity charge .
;'<
Gasforindustrial consumers burning more than 2;500 Gcal ayear issold
under individual contracts andprices vary from customer tocustomer
according tocircumstances .

-56-
ANNEX »
COMPARISON OF PRICES PAID BY FARMERS FOR
-PCTROLEUM PRODUCTS
-NATURAL GAS

-57-
FEBRUARY 1980
EUA/lOOOmV "EUA/1000m3*
200
260
240
220
200
130
1bO
140
120
100Light Heavy _.(Dfueln(Dfuel<DGas
FTvjpricespaidbygrowers
gg]Exemption from,orreimbursement of,exciseduties
pnExciseduties " " ""
GAS~NETHERLANDS
OAveragepriceofexportgas(estimate)–
CDHorticultural consumption (250.000m3gasperyear)
£32Gastariffsforindustry -above170.000 m3peryear
189.9
801006
966
820
683
60L
56fir
40
20ίί·:
AK2192.8iTTl
187.4
178?
m157.21743,
i68.eN
m©172.9,–
114.6,
.«6.3
m.98.8
is192.9
191.0^
mW53^ryr.^
168.7^1
i101.9
h01.1
Mii.280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
JO
NL D F
*Priceequivalent ofgasIRL UK DK Β
rrrnnvia'?Rons37

-58-
ANNEX 5
BREAKDOWN OF TOMATO .LETTUCE .GHERKIN AND CUCUMBER
GLASSHOUSE PRODUCTION
AREAS CULTIV ATED UNDER GLASS
/

Year
Πaunt rν1973 1971
Belgium a 19200 8100
b 101 200 122 000
Germany a 11331 11170
b 17526 17879
France a 511 739 198 220
b 57282 75673
Italy ' a 3001 000 3306 000
b 150 000 183 010
Luxembourg a
κ150 130
V
'ietherlandsa
b 363 200 371 700
Denmark 'a -
·.–
b 19513 18823
Ireland a m ■■ ■'
b 21288 21305
U.K. a ·- _ ■
b 117 351 120 500
EEC total a
b3516 »423 (81í)
850 39309\í )3821 520 (80 %)
933 920 (20J)
N.B. :a=open grown
"b=inheated glasshouses
Source :SOEC 1979 crop production\
TOKATO -PRODUCTION .
1975
7500
126 900'
13113
19271
527 771
88912
3.129 100
181150
130
316 900
19690
25626
121 600
3677 911
930 319(80t)
(20 %)1976
8910
■110 060
13200
19800
*99660
81310
773 710
195 290
200
373 000
m '
21000
25000
130 000
3295 710 (77*>
985 190 (23 X)1977
7800
122 200
13136
19910
199 660
-81310
.065 900
238 100
100238
367 000
19000
28000
126 000
3586 596 (78 %)
1001 580 (22t)Annex
intonnes
1978
7330
115 620
8600
2î000
609 710
99250 •
3.280 OOC
373 000
100
365 00ϋ
18003
29000
135 0C3
3905 820 (7f
1155 88C (23T'

ί
l'
!
GHERKIN AIJDCUCUUBKR PRODUCTION
o
voBcl^ium
Germany
France
Italy
Luxembourg (1)
Netherlands
Denmark
Ireland
(cucumbers onlv )
United Kin :-:dora ("")a
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
b
a
b
a
FISC total a
b1973
17000
22100
Ml207
23325
17917
52232
84510
12500
39700
298 000
10037
12925
180
30181
210 101 (35 1)
152 313 (65i)1971
35000
26800
21851
21005
17957
51 121
88560
11820
23200
315 100
5398
10176
531
1?800
191 9% (29ï)
185 653 (71 %)
N.B. :a=open rrovm
b=inhest edj-lasshouses
Source :S0EC 1979 ero?rroduction
(l)data notavailable1975
13750
22500
29110
27313
21000
55835
89300
16910
33300
332 200
1691
10762
1012
16900
221 151 (30i)
513 132 (701)1976
31680
163?0
239?0
22080
21330
57670
92930
20070
31590
319 110
5100
11900
900
52000
206 550 (29 %)
500 350 (71î)Annex 5
intonnes
1977
10?60
20710
28080
25920
21330
57670
93070
17930
31110
311 890
6000
11000
1100
52000
222 850
531 250(29 %))
(71 %))1978
29010
11960
21110
22560
21330
57670
91860
18110
31380
317 620
1500
10500
1000
60000
205 550 (28 1)
532 150 (72 %)

LETTUCE PRODUCTION Annex 5
mtonnes
Country_Year , 1973 ; 1974 1 1975.\ Ï
1976 1977 . 1978
Belgiuma 54200 58 100 46800 43200 44550 40050
b '61000 67500 56700 : 52800 Χ 54450 48950
Germanya -68595 67835 67523 63900 66288 , 71650
b 6236 ■\ 6601 7352 7100 8688 8000
Prance a 224 29** 211 312 225 549 199 120 223 440 221 160
b 59266 . 69243 71532 62880 70560 69840
Italya 330 700 ' 339 400 ■ 343 900 361 360 -395 .280 359 890
- b *» 5530 4750 6640 6720 7110
Luxembourg a
h500 500 400 400 200 200
Netherlandso
a 1 i 34200 31200 .295Ó0 29040 28800 30480
<■ b 99800 91300 96000 91960 91 200 96520
Denmark a 1, 88M 762 644 525 903 966
b 1604 1593 2397 1975/ 3397 .3634
Ireland "a : 1182 1188 822 800 1920 1800
b 850 961 1232 1200 2880 2700
United Kingdom a 156 877 113 200 115 000 112 000 145 600 38400
b 28 1*15 30700 29100 28000 36400 34600
EEC totala
b871 132 (77 %)
256 901 (23 %)853 197 (76D
276 128 (24*)830 138 (76
269 063 (21%)
i)810 345 (76
'252 555 (24Ì)
t)906 981 (77 %))
274 295 (23 %)>864 596 (76Í)
271 354 (24 %)
1J.B. :amopen grown ' . .. , ^tBinheated glasshouses ' *"-
Source ;SOEC 1979 crop production

-62-
ANNEX 6
. *
INTRA-COMMUNITY TRADE IN FLOWERS .FLOWER BUDS .TOMATOES
AND CUCUMBERS

Intra-Communit.y trade 1974-7 "(based onimnorts )
Product :Flowers andflover buds (SITC 292.71 )
r.xnortin ."'.'errfcer
States
^^Trcnort in/:
.fmrrr Statesïears Gerrr.anv France Italy"Nether­
landsAnnex 6
Tonr .
BelriumUnited
Kin /rdomIreland Derunark
i»err;.rir.y
rrance
vc
I1974
1975
1976
1977
197315 24
21 23
18 25
12 11
21 5130
258
623
315
2468'
16
27
30
412
2
8
50
60
1974
1975
1976
1S-77
19731^39
1593
1779
1930
162140
24
17
22
1547C
CC5
451
358
165553
609
495
497
435299
230
lé4
139
991
1
3
2
3
1
11
7
3
9
69
2
3
4
6
6
Italy 4
I.etheriands1974
1975
1976
1977
1973
19~4
1975
1
*,
V
ir11
-010154
11336
9942
1C677
11631342
4^4
436
622
£61359
566
C53
498
71267
96
80
87
131'58
175
363
318
562
7?-H9
f43^S
3711033'9
3S--S3
K'
c:'ci
ei<2■w*vC .Η-,
C ••
27C2366 212
2534 217
3539 ' 303
«ΙΟ ν 347
5682 9391
4
5
2
45
40
31
20
3545
69
90
65
70
•66
'255 :
446
565
644

Annex 6
Belgium
f
'
•" ""1974
IVY5
l'/i6
1V77
1970■50JU
'2'1
2¿
15CO
'90
*93
ι··■
1674
1
2CC
27;
ΤÎ;
•24χ1
.7'–
1144
151
133.
164
216
; '
United Kingdom1974
1975
1976
1977
197817
5
23
35
484
15
6
2
141 421'
555
539
632
6071
1
212
12
21 ·
19
642
14
8
5457
588
603
697
740
Ireland1974
1975
1976
1977
19731
M»
^mm•
-61 ;
5¿
38
36* r61
53
38
36
<
Denmark1974
1975
1976'
1977
197830
28
25
32
361
2
•34
6
1·
2
' 6♦ %–
Γ•
I35
.34
28
37
42
1EUR 91**74
1975
1^76
1^7
1V7 34ΛΜ^
u7'<·■
1νΛ\.0~ >
ν*.yι
%*Γ,ΚΛ .jojv
4764
.t¿62 ■
6c6l
9¿2r-666
601
47<~
¿v2I411
2077
¿7Í---1
lî·;v>
VM2993
32yS
4142
50¿ó
i-Vi ...631
C75
«Ci
grej
I7Ó3cl
c.;.
"wï
46
iv-'/îi17
>6=>
557 .
A,C Λ-
7S*:;co¿05
109196
112699
115596
123590
Source :EUROSTAT-SITC

Annex 6
• -v ' i Intra-Communi tytrade 1974-78 •
Product :?reshorchilled..tomatoes .(SITC O'34.40 ) ("based onimports ) '.•.• 'Tonnes
i-'xnortin ~Kenvber
Glates .
!
* Impartir .
Kemter Fta*·-·Years
►Gerrr.ar.y '.· France ItalyNether -
]ands
1»Be1riuir .United
Kin.rdom
/Irei and DenmarkΛ ·,
EUR 9
Germany1974
1975
1976
1977
1978χ.1
49
15
20
26 mm
/70
205
299
590
118
/
• –1
37
14
12
720
4 -1
4272Í
292 ,
328'
642
197
– :
Prance . .<1974
1975
1976
1977
19731092
I2t7
- 11183 '
2122
4492·
tΧ122
344
195
100
1761
329
492
291
292
356370
501
599
641
1051"'286'
I58
227
712
622 ~''9
10
•2208
2772
·· 12495
3^67
"6697
Italy '1974 '
1975
1976
1977
19786993
9137
loCyl
12917
II65Ó
: I3731
4976
,4CIC :
C3I9
'2332 .-5 ■
43
31
53
48120
80
146
143
20213
7
29
22
5137
20
23
19
6510699
14263
15730
19473
14854
' ί»v*
1-
*
-Netherlands ,
S1974
1975
1976
1977
1C3 .*J1W•?32r,2ó
...lV¿r 3
*><.Γ0·wv λ(o»
22-.;J:
234479 .:-2¿u3 :
¿42¿7
4".f\0 .;
■■■- .
■231C6'56' ,
'41
2S
.21 ■·.'\ -/ '1434'
3795
4104 .
3tf9
394326303
313S5
27ι;·22
271''2
3Γ-C'4.■'455
5S3
yA
30"
;'342 ;■1330
c·Ì
y·ν
2'37 ,·
3;20226656
257322
225623
29C386
¿01075

Annex 6
1tíe]gium'
/i<"η·
*^IM
vvy
1V7C
ï'<7712730
IJ
14173
iro■»7» ■·*>í
20¿^612^5
1353' ;
104-52
mr'
-
.8405293
531
£■77
2,2'
24470
199 ·
1378
119
'· 225243
27^65
25505
2S024
29003
í
Urited Kingdora1974
1975
1976
1977
19736
1411
2
8
1830
1444
f206
144
215
562
;5761
6
167
35
45
2334
3404
t.2?4
182
274
4733
5438
!
Ireland
%1974
1975
1976
1977
1973 _»
«M
\^ m»f s »
•6 io:o >
6=33
7215
9?5S
5011-10108
6333
7215
9*58
5011
+
Denmark1974
1975
1976
1977
1973263 .
Ρ19
964
202
38
«M
-21
I
5
3
c ?-V ·
·
•
»•A292
919
965
207
6
v.vs 91CY7 A•.ι·»
1975
1976
IVY7
1973%c
L ,·|*WJ
2212S3
)*;soÌΛ
*-- ·,u.
ΛΓ,W. W. ·ί
2'¡c:yjóΐ3·.Λ1yv «·W*
427°1
5^7/5
35^71'l-'2
400
236
128
1-7925
1415
1713
1733
IV.51931
4415
4?7û
47<*'5
-5¿02C"-7C
«."» t:^
3?3?2 .
35393
4-'i72
41429rT5.?
619 '
A"2
-Ή 2
37>7"10c
(.·r
'·»»'
17''"
¿"v-.T
y27335767
3î0249
33^135
y:3l35
3''2279
Source :EUROSTÀT-SITC

' –
, ' t("based onimports ) v ^
, 1 Annex o
Product :Cucu.'n'bers andgherkins (07.01.82+83 KIWEXS ) Tonnes
Exoorting
l'enter States ;
1
* Importinr
Mem 1erStatesYears Germany France Italy Netherlands Belgium'United
Kin.rdomIreland . DenmarkEUR 9
Gernany
•1974
.1975
1976
1977
197869
îeo
190•1
987
298
48120
7
839
2 2170
50
1601246
.574
843
»
France1974
1975
1976
1977
19781130
1395
\12C
-415
2223χ2
7
9373
551
-942
465
180
i8
23
51
5
627
12
28
•231
/
*
1?
•I52O
1989
2128
,I9I5
2488
r
 
Italy«
1974
1975
1976
1977
197815«56
ISO27
20024
24C39'
331H2339
2191
.2301 -
2679
2751
•χ971
1768
839
652
4433
15
2
48
10»
2
12
11
2
22
6
28I928O
22OO7
23248
27426
36343
Netherlands1974
1975
1976
1977 .
<3
<·
•I '
w·ν ·»-* v.
:v*.:co
^.· * »·
*m.'νV»··»
21"m"^
Ζ·L·:1-64SO
1:^4
1«r-:?
■·f". iν«
•·1χpir.o
26Í7
io:' :
<Ur ,
.Λ74II253
9738
5331
5:j2
6Í4?
• '26
49
41
i.12342
2'-¿4
r'-*
L,-::
τ233917
237722
24^-04
2:¿°79
■^.;oo
ι

Belgium
•1975
1976
1977
197313034
ΐ'·:η
MS12
Γ.035
12236-» /
í>·2
21
Τ-<}
•ÍJ\ '-1-ji" ·
*·· . -·
ír.'.'/j
'ó
3-:39•
0
• 
-6ΛΙΠΓΕΧ 6
2
1
3_ Q1<
200î1
21290
ie-576
15935
Ur.itcd Kir.cdoa1974
1975
1976
1977
1978mm
12
15
9m»
20
ι ,.-24
- 14
ν4-3
7
103 -39
36
136
Ireland
•1974
1975
1976
1977
1978«M
-- ·»% ··
«mm
«72
67
21/'\- ''Qv
72
67
21
! ■
1Denmark
fi
i:
»il
S1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
•56
1759
213 18 -aw
"6•·• «
•
%X56
1759' 237
i
1KUH$
!
η1974
1975
1976
1977
1976240578
244 <3S2
243933
2·:2673
2ΓΌÓ569308
15932
1S£40
16096
1I446
•,2
7
9
19585
.15550
9233
Κ73
45532428
2660
3107
3103
2153II324
9-334
S',03
5983
6993¿2
59
46
46
196 -3389
4252
5305
S5
7S03276656
292776
283681
305429
3215OI
Source s EUROSTÂT –SITC

-69-
ANNEX 7
V AT AND EXCISE DUTY RATES ON MINERAL OILS

Taux deTVA etdesacci sessur leshui3 çsminé rale sappliqués au -1.2.80 dans lesEtats Membres delaCommuna uté
îâ-ÎST-und T'ineraloj steuers'âtze ara1.2.80 -j/nc\en''itrliedstaaten nerGemeinschaftAnnex 7
VAT andExcise dutv rates onmineral oils inapplication 1.2 .SO inthe Member States oftheCommunity"λ*Λί
C4
a=densité moyenne à15°C b=taux TVAléral enmonn.nat . c=accise enmonn.nat.par t d?accise ,enUCEparte=taux TVA
mittlere Dichte bei15°C j^eset ?!.St.satz innat .V.'ährpr . Kin .Steuer ietinNat.Wahrg . Kin .Steuer jetinEHE KHSt-'Jat
average density at1!>°C le,:al rate innat .currency ex.duty per tinnat .currency ex.duty per tinLUA .VAT rate
Produi t-Erieugni s-Product Β T> DK , F GB IRL I L NL
1.Essence normale a)0.732 0.733 0.730 0.723 0.740 0.729 0.714 0.732 0.735 ν
Normal benzin b)846 FB/hl 44 ,Dh/hl 182 0/L 132.58 F/hl 0.081 t/L 0.4341fc /gl34.638' Lit/565 Fl/hl 48.00hfl /:
Reblar ¿rrade octroi, hi>
c)11557 600.27 '2482.94 1833.75 109 .46 130.99 485126 7719 653.04 "
d)285.18 240.59 318.31 313.68 173.93 193.76 419.16 2'4.62 258.50
e)16X 13X 2025X 176X ' 15X 10X 12% 5% 18%
II.Essence super a)0.746 0.758 . 0.754 0.749 0.745 0.746 0.734 0.746 0.744
Superbenzin b)846 FB/hl 44DM/hi 182 C/t 141 .26F/hl 0.081 t/L 0.4341 fc/gl34638 Lit/565 FL/hl 48.00hfl /
Fremiu ^¿rade petrol - hl
c)11340 •580.47 2413.79 v1885 .98 108.72 128.00 471907 7574 645 .16
d)279.83 232.66 ÏC9.45 322.61 172.75 189.33 407.73 230.23 255.32
e)16X 13X 20.25X 17.6X' 15X 10X 12% 5% 18%
III .Gasoil (cadurant )a)0.829- 0.830 0.830 0.836 0.835 -0.833 0.829 0.832
Oieselkra^T -îof f b)280 FB/hl 49.65DM / 0/30tiL 74.55F/hl 0.092 fc/L 0.1773fc /gl2505 Lit/145 FL/hl 18.46hfl /!
Diesel oil 100 kg- hl
c)3378 496 .50 0/361.45 898 .19 110.05 46.70 30072 1749 221.87
d)83.30 196.25 0/49.54 » 152.23 178.75 69.40 25.98 43.13 79.95
e)16X 13X 20.25X 17.6X 15X 10X 14% 5% 18% .
IV.Gasoil (chauffage )a)0.829 - 0.830 0.836
Fuel–oíido-estique b)45FB/hl 2DM/ 0/30Ü/L 1382
Heizôl El 100kg
Gasoil (heating ) c)543 20 0/361 .45 165.31
d)13.4C 8.02 0/46.34 * 28.28
e)6X 13X 20.25X 17.6XF/hlα836
7.89
12.54
0X0.836 0.835
C.02 fc/gl2505 Lit/
hl
5.26 300C0
7.78 25.92
0X 14X0.829 v
25-38 FL/
hl
301-458
7.43-11.30
5%0*832
3.26 hfl/h
lliï
18X

4Annex7
Produit-Erzeugni s-Product ■DK
)GB IRLNL
V.Fuel-oil lourd
Heizöl schwer
Heavyfueloila)
b)
c)
d)
e)10FB/
100kg
100
2.47
6%1.50DM/
100kg
15'
6.01
13%0/340/kg
0/340
0/43.59*
20.25X0.00/
100kg
000
0
17.6%0.960
0.0066t/L
688
10.93
0%0.960
0.02fc/gl
458
6.77
0%100Lit/
100kg
1000
0.86
14*10FL/100kg
100
2.47
5X1.40hf
100kg
14
5.08
18%
1
r-HVI.Huileslubrifiantes
Schmieröle
Lubricantsa)
b)10FB/
100kg49.65 DM/
100kg0 00.897
0.0066t/L0.897
0.02fc/gl18000-
2000010FL/100kg0
1c)100 496.50 0 0 7.36 4.90Lit/100kg
18000Õ-2C0000 100 0
d)2.47 199.00 o 0 11.69 7.25155.52-172.80 2.47 0
' ■e)16% 13X 20.25% 17.6% 0% 10% 14% 5% 18% ■·*
,1ERE/UCE/EUA =
am/au/on3/9/79FB DM dkr FFfcSt. fcirl.Lit FL hfl-
Lataxeestristournée auxassujettis deTVAsilaTVAsurl'achatduproduitpétrolier estdéductible
DieSteuerwirdanMWSt-Pflichtigeerstattet,wenndieMWStaufdaseingekaufte Mineralolprodukt abzugsfahig ist
ThetaxisrefundedtopersonsliabletoVATifVATonthepurchased hydrocarbon oilproductisdeductible

-72-
ANNEX 8
ENERGY SITUATION IN THE FRENCH FARM SECTOR
(asanexample ) ®
*

' ' a " ' FRfCÎCE
1977 'consumption ofenergy-generating products "byagriculture andagricultural nro-ce^sing industries (x)Armex 87"
rr\r­' ■heating
and
diesel
oilpetrol•· 1
heavy all
fuèl 'cetroleum
*
OÍλ : jproductselectricitypropane
ror
butanecoal wood
\,total
-
•irric .'holdings
'rr.*)foßßioRöl pur-
γοπρε )ofwhich
he.·,ting (1)
oov/ering engines (2
cowering commercia'
vehicles2599
I
318
2188
92301
Ò
42
209'
175
174
.0
03075
492
2280
302,592
262
329
0110
110
0
017
17
0
043
43
0
03837
926
2609
302
CUMA and ETA (3) 300 ' 0 0. 300 *0 0 0::: Ό 300
cooperatives and
dehydrating and
drying factories
s%700 0 0 700·· . \
mm:- .- '- - 700
farming branch (4)
'x. ·
- .3599 301 175 4075 .592 110 17 43 4837
arri cuiturai rr>'
cessing sector
, ,
: ; .350 2600 2950 1100 400 150 4600
a--ricultural
holdings (domestic
vurDoses )
* ·' \»
Λinx .
• twv 0 34 1140 , 689 186 187 Λ '•1910 4124
onlv
)\ uspdforstock-farming ,glasshouses anddrying plants –(2)mainly tractors andself-propelled machinery
A3,COT .A=Coooerative d'utilisation demachine agricole ;ETA =Entreprises deTravaux Agricoles -•'4)farming branch
agricultural holding (professional purposes )4CUI.IA and ETA +.cooperatives anddehydrating anddrying factories

-74-
Total energy consumption inarriculture (production and households Annex8
'Kneror-zrcneratin#
'productUnit Amount TOE %oftotal
K1or >trinity mi11ions of KWH S769.5 1280 834 16.09
jTov;n·rae millions thermal u. 95.2 9520 0.12
'Pvrinane orbutane thousands oftonnes 269.6 297 955 3.74
Coal . thousands oftonnes 306.5 •204 452 2.37
Wood - - thousands of m3 ,13952.7 1953 378 24.¿4
Heavy fuel oil thousands oftonnes 209.3 209 321 2.63
Heatinr oil millions oflitres 4186.3 3495 620 43.91
Diesel oil millions oflitres 250.3 209 029 2.63
Petrol millions oflitres 409.7 301 152 3.78
agricultural consumption -Consumption for
agri culturai produ op­
tion
TOE Xoftotal asiooftot.consumo .
inagriculture
Electricity 591 985 15.43 46.22 .
Pronane orbutane . 110 275 2.87 37.01
Heavy fuel oil 174 498 4.55 83.36
Heating oil 239Ö 237 62.29 68.38
Hienei oil 209 029 5.45 100.00
Petrol 301 152 7.85 100.00
Other 60158 < 1.57 2.77
Total 3837 337 100 00 4815
Sources Ministry ofAgriculture Statistics .

. · · -75-
■ ·. ·'· V
Annex 8
' Breakdown ofagricultural consumption
H"?·Un,· ofpremises need forstock-farming "/ 10.67 - !
.Teatimf ofglannhouses - 10.69 ;
¡[♦»-Ttin, -*ofdryers 2.76 · ;
Tractor cor.nu.Ttrition '*. 57.81 ,
Commercial vehicle consumption 7.88
"n/'ine .connumntion 10.20
^onnumntion ofholding 100.00
It
Number of, Total agricultural ■Average per
holdings as consumption holding in
Type offarming apercentage TOE
.I in TOE inio..,, ■
Kixed farming 8.31 614 149 16.00 6.13
Arable land ,cattle 4.48 240 925 6.28 4.01-
Cattle ,arable land 10.35 398 584 10.39 3.04 - x
Dairy cattle 20.22 602 163 - 15.69 2.19
Beef battle 10.85 288 415 7.52 2.12
Beef &dairy cattle 6.15 275 581 7.18 3.41
Horticulture 3.42 465 682 12.14 10.19
Fruit 2.71 67314 1.75 2.15
Quality wine growing 3.73 73589 1.92 1.50
Other wine growing 8.37 99211 2.59 C.96
Pigs 1.21 - .89694 2.34 5.12
Poultry . 1.45 122 355 3.19 5.76 .
Total forall types 100.00 3837 337 100.00 3.00
offarming:"N

Annex 8
l'
:.i:ι7.Ήarri culturai
arca fUAÄ )
.1Agricultural consumntionApicultura !
consumütion „
TOSAverage per
holding in
TOS%of
total Total
consurnntion
%
Ir-nr ;-thon ')ha
5_10ha
10-20ha
20_50ha
more than 50ha615 588
241 007
507 445 -
1261 262
1212 0331.82
1.28
2.01
3.53
8.4216.04 ,
6.28
13.22
32.87
31¿5941.40
31.65
40.14
50.00
62.68
Total
«3837 337 3.00 100 -00 48·15

-77-
i" ■■ " . - "■ ^ -
i ■
ANNEX 9
TREND IN GAS PRICES IN THE NETHERLANDSΝ

! -
Price incents/m3 ■ ■ s t "- ^ ■ /
; - ' I • i • ■I •: ; ; ; ;..: ■ . • ; ~/\ ! •|'1iL
2Jr~j–'–jj~~":j:–r ––-r–•–:––––~––r-–;––:–;–;–~"jr •:■ ...;t-•:.Jj;;
i i~r–i•'•• ■~|H~ ':"rT~'" ~~~~:T: • 1 ■■–v- 'f !"T"~~~ f~~T~ F
i 22(–-–I.i' ■|– I.–• 1-f-: 1––H––-–-I–i~ – -^|.-–-H j–•–;: :–j–
21hri-n -H -Nr.U, ;U ::: -141 :;U, ,■M : fail j-LjLU 'II
20 j ; ; ^ ^ ^1':••• :: : ^'iJ | j.■■'^ -
,9h-n T r–ij-^t n- ■j; ; i-T-r-f, i-TTrri– TITT' .p,„. a;rt -t-rn
■1 ·Λ : : ·.:|;|·| ; ::: ; : .: '■\I\ ·^,·^· ·♦·:Ι ■■ι·.·.?·· : β
18Ί·,;■ι-ιί... ^Μ ·.–Κ ; .. :..Ι.Γ. -!.·–1'ί^Ί :"Γ ;.■; ·■
■. ; : : ;. ; : ;: ; ; • ; : A'-^rx . ; ;;i .t-r-^–– _- ^
-J'::: ;–; : I ;' ; ;i ■[–j L_^ ;–L:–t__j–L__a >-horticultural price .?
.L-t-J i • ' -."s' ; j i i ■: L;! ii-i : ^j:-:j,..standard price3–– : :–I–^–t– : : r– r– ;– r–f– :–t– r*' .. .
| ^ | ; ; ; ■; ' i–i–-r~ .I.
1^--: '[| \ i ^ "j~' " i ; : i-iil :' ! !\ .L i-'rH " ■--j .! "■ ;
S- --r ® -.i..j .(O. -i V !> ! ¿N I I ÁN i <Ti iCN.:~i !-Ó......- .--r\ -r ^ . ■uj . : \ ..y ... i .t... .. j.... w : i » •;ar : ■i–r i • iw-. ! ;^ ^–ri ^ ! i^ :^ .I ■o » Ig.'.JLi
» -■? r- , x- ■ St ' o- ^ ._ • • • • V e 0 • ,
*" .** *" r- r t'-
. . m V -

.Annex 9
3Gas price incents per m,exclusive oftax,inaccordance with the
supply contracts concluded between N.V . Nederlandse Gasunie andhigh-
consumption hothouse horticulturists .
3.. – ..3Theprice isatpresent 29ct/m(in1978 :23ct/m;in1979 :
325ct/m)for thefirst 30000 cubic meters . '-
« 3From 1October 1979 ,each cubic meter inexcess of30000 mhas cost
'17-.*4cents (1January 1978 :13-9 ct; 1April '1978 :14.9 ct;1October
1978 :15.Uct;1April 1979 :15.9 ct).
The price ofgasiscalculated atthese rates onthe basis ofan
3average consumption of250 000 mbythe high-consumption hothouse
\
horticulturists .The prices calculated donot include the fixed duty
payable under the terms ofthe contract .Inview ofthe sharp rise
last year intheprice ofoil ,negotiations are currently being held
between N.V . Nederlandse Gasunie and the hothouse horticulturists on
thepossibility ofalso implementing larger ,regular increases inthe
price ofnatural gas .Moreover ,therate for thefirst 30000 cubic
3meters isexpected torise to32ct/mon 1July 1980 .
3Standard price ofgas incents per m.This price iscalculated on
thebasis ofthe maximum price for heavy fuel oil delivered to
consumers and excluding tax,inaccordance with the decree bythe •-
Minister ofEconomic Affairs concerning theprice ofpetroleum products .
The calculation -isbased onthecalorific equivalence :1000 kgof
3heavy fuel oil ,viscosity 3500 sec.Redwood 1=1 283 mofnatural
gas .
The market price foroil may 1,ofcourse ,,belower than this legal
maximum price . / •
The maximum price used for the calculation isfixed for heavy fuel oil
with a2%sulphur content ;itisF133per tonne higher than theprice
\ofthe heavy fuel oil with a3-5% sulphur content commonly used
elsewhere .This means that thecalculated standard gasprice isat
least 2.5 cents higher than itwould have been haditbeen calculated
onthebasis ofthehigh sulphur content fuel oil.

-80-
COMPARISON OPHORTICULTURAL AND STANDARD CAS PRICES
„ (a) (b)
(Horticultural gasprice )(Standard g?isprice )
1.1-78 111.99 i6.82
2*78 16.05
3*3,78 15.66
«.78 15.87 *
21.1.78
1.8.78A
, 15.35
1'8,78 15.27
2*9,78 14.26
1.10.78 16.31
4.11 .78 * 14.18
1.1.79 16.55
3.3."79 15.11
31.3.79 15.45
1-4.79 •16.99
3.5.79 16.15
2.6.79 17.36
1.7.79 •■17.Q3
*·8·79 ν -19.09
'·9.79 \ * 20.26 Λ
1.10.79 18.31 22.15
1-12-79 23.31
1-^90 18.79 24.48
2'2-80 . 26.68
Theconsumption –weighted average horticultural andtheaverage standard
"gasprices were asfollows :
1.1.78 -1.10.78 15.57 ct/m3 15.84 ct/m3
1.10.78 -1.10.79 16.69 ct/m3 15.09 ct/m3