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DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(82)376
Vol.1982/0131

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(82)376 final
Brussels -23June 1982
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TOTHE COUNCIL
onexchange ofyoung workers programme
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C0M(82 )376 final

aContents table
I.Introduction paras .1-5
II.Administration paras .6-17
Promoting organisations paras .8-12
National correspondants paras .13-14
Commission' srôle - paras .15-17
III .Practical results 1979 -1981
General remarks ' paras .18-21
Costs andexpenditure paras .22–23
Industrial sectors . para .24
Nationality para .25
Short -term exchanges paras .26-29
Long-term exchanges paras .30-33
Training content ofprojects para .34
Training-leave paras .35-36
Remuneration ofparticipants paras .37-38
Social teecurity questions para .39
IV.Concluding remarks paras .40-46
Coordination andinformation paras .41-42
Funding paras .43-46
; 1;
V. Overall Assessment paras .47-61
Summary ofrecommendations
Tables 1-3

Report from theCommission totheCouncil
Programme exchange ofyoung workers programme
I.Introduction
1. Thesecond joint exchange ofyoung workers programme wassetupby
aDecision oftheCouncil oftheEuropean Communities on16July 1979 *
Article 11oftheDecision imposes aduty ontheCommission tosubmit
totheCouncil ,every twoyears ,"areport ontheprogress ofthe
exchanges ,including anoverall assessment oftheir implementation ".
This report describes thedevebpment oftheprogramme from itsincept­
ioninmid-July 1979 date .
2. During theperiod under consideration there hasbeen asignificant
growth ofinterest inthepossibility ofexchanging young people atall
levels ,ages andabilities within theEuropean Community .More specific­
ally theEuropean Parliament has shown particular interest intheproblems
ofyouth unemployment ,thetransition from school towork andtheneed
todeepen mutual understanding between theMember States oftheEuropean
Community .Increasing thenumber ofexchanges ofyoung people isseen as
oneimportant wayoflying thefoundations foramore united Europe .Early
in1981 theParliamentary Committee onYouth ,Culture ,Education ,Inform­
ation andSport drew upareport onyouth activities (thePruvot report )
containing anumber ofrecommendations forthedevelopment ofyouth
exchanges atalllevels ,
3. Afirst joint exchange ofyoung workers programme was setupin
MayI964 which essentially offered young people aperiod ofwork experience
with anemployer inanother Comnmnity country .TheCommission made limited
financial contributions towards theyoung person 'stravel costs ,inform­
ation seminars ontheEuropean Community atthebeginning ofthetraining
period andevaluation seminars once thetraining period wascompleted ..
Inallsome 1.500 young people took part intheprogramme inexchanges
organised principally intheagricultural sector .
1

4. In1976 "theCommission mounted asmall number ofpilot projects in
anattempt tofind solutions tosome oftheproblems which hadarisen
during thefirst programme .Theresults ofthese projects were examined
carefully andledsubsequently tothesetting upofthesecond joint
programme .
5.Introduction ofsecond .joint exchange programme ;general points
Inpreparing itsproposals forthesecond joint exchange programme
theCommission recognised that aconsiderable number ofexchanges ofyoung
people ,particularly students ,already took place independently ofthe
Commission .Itwasparticularly concerned todevelop andbuild onthe
activities which were already established andtoextend considerably the
opportunities foryoung workers ,whoaregenerally less favoured than
young students insofarasexchange opportunities areconcerned .The
exchanges were toaimprimarily atthevocational andpersonal develop­
ment oftheyoung people concerned ,atthesame time improving their
awareness oftheimplications and intentions oftheEuropean Community
andtheir appreciation ofdifferences inculture between Member States of
theCommunity .TheCommission wasalso concerned toextend therange of
industrial sectors inwhich exchanges took place andsimultaneously to
develop thecapacity ofpromoting organisations toorganise such exchanges
atEuropean level .
II.Administration
6. Outline ofthe2ndprogramme
TheCouncil Decision sets outthebroad outlines oftheprogramme in­
cluding thebasic aims ,theeligibility criteria andthenature ofthe
exchanges tobeorganised .Acopy oftheDecision isincluded inthis
report asannex A.Tosummarise ,theexchange programme istargetted on
young people whoarenationals ofMember States ,aged between 18and28
years ,whohave received basic vocational training orhave practical work
experience andhave begun their working life before theageof20.Exchange
maybeofshort (3weeks -3months )orlong duration (4-16months ).Long
exchanges arenormally preceded byalanguage course ofupto2months .The
Commission makes acontribution perweek pertrainee (differentiated by
length ofexchange )andacontribution notexceeding 75$of "theexpenses

incurred towards thereturn costs Aoftravel "between theplace ofresidence
andtheplace oftraining .InI98I theweekly contributions which the
Commission made were asfollows :-
short duration :145ECUpertrainee perweek
long duration :105ECU " " " "forweeks 1–16inclusive
50ECU " " "forweek 17onwards .
language training :anadditional 100ECUpertrainee perweek .
7. Theadministration oftheprogramme isdecentralised toalarge extent :
theCommission ,atthecentre ,isresponsible fordevising therules and
guidelines ofthescheme ,setting thelevel offunding andapproving pro­
posals .Therunning ofindividual projects istheresponsibility ofso-
called promoting organisations which areapproved bytheCommission after
consultation with theMember States Governments .Ineach Member State
there isarepresentative oftheGovernment concerned whoacts asanational
correspondent fortheexchange programme .Lists ofthepromoting organ­
isations andnational correspondents arecontained inannexes Band C.
8.Promoting organisations
Therelationship between theCommission andeach promoting organ­
isation isgoverned byanagreement ("convention ")-anexample isincluded
inannex D-which licenses theorganisation toranexchanges under the
programme and lays down certain obligations ontheorganisation a3tothe
nature ,quality andadmini strati onoftheexchange activities tobeorgan­
ised .Such agreements areinitially concluded forayear andmaysubsequently
berenewed forperiods ofupto3years .
9. The licensed organisations areamixture ofthose setupatEuropean
level andothers which operate primarily atnational level butwhich have
acquired aCommunity dimension .They range from organisations which are
principally involved invocational training programmes oravariety of
educational exchange projects togroups representing aparticular professional ,
geographical orindustrial sector andwhich have been using their network
forthepurpose ofdeveloping exchanges ofyoung people .
10. Asmall number ofexchanges have been carried outbyorganisations
which arenotlicensed bytheCommission butwhich have organised their
exchange under theaegis ofoneofthepromoting organisations .This has

mmApm
enabled thebodies concerned togainuseful ^experience oforganising an
exchange project .
11.Thewide range oforganisations has inpart contributed togreater
I
variety intheindustrial sectors inwhich exchanges have been run
although there hasnonetheless been !over-concentration ontheagricultural
sector .TheCommission takes theview that given themodest size ofthe
budget available ,nofurther organisations should belicensed in1982 .
Aprogramme ofthis kind relies agreat deal onbuilding upcontacts with
employers inparticular ,butalso with training institutions ,host families
and others .Such contacts' take time todevelop and itisimportant that
theexisting promoting organisations should begiven achance toconsolidate
their experience sofar ,which forseveral ofthem iisanewone .
1
12. Individual exchange projects arethesubject ofcontracts drawn up
andagreed between theCommission andthepromoting organisations .The
contract sets outtheamount ofmoney allocated totheproject and
describes thepayment regulations .Anexample ofacontract isincluded in
annexH"7.
13. National correspondents
Thesuccess oftheprogramme relies toalarge extent onthecooperation
andassistance ofthenational administrations ,each ofwhich designates
arepresentative toact asnational correspondent fortheexchange programme .
Thetasks ofthese correspondents are :
-toactasacontact-point andsource ofinformation forboth young people
andemployers '
-toadvise theCommission ontheapproval ofparticular promoting organ­
isations
-tooffer advice andsupport topromoting organisations
-toensure thesupport oftheGovernment concerned bystimulating interest
a.ndexploring thepossibilities oflimited financial support
-totake action asappropriate toovercome practical difficulties (eg.
problems over social security entitlement attheendofthetraining
period )which maybehindering thedevelopment oftheprogramme .

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14.Thenational correspondents have ingeneral taken apositive and
constructive approach tothe setting-up oftheprogramme but the
Commission believes that further support andaction isrequired
ofthem .TheCommission isparticularly concerned toencourage
Member State 'sGovernments tomake available limited financial
support forthedevelopment oftheprogramme .This isdiscussed
further attheendofthis report .
15.Commisson 'srole
TheCommission 'srole isessentially oneofcoordination ,
developing guidelines ,allocating financial resources andmonitor­
ingtheprogramme .Early in1980 twonotes forguidance were pro­
duced which gave advice onanumber ofpoints which were not
covered insufficient detail intheDecision (copies ofthenotes
forguidance arereproduced asannex /F/).
16.Inacting as"central coordinator "theCommission hasanimportant
role toplay inconsulting notonly those directly involved in
running theprogramme ,i.e. promoting organisations andnational
correspondents ,butother groups with aninterest initsdevelop­
ment ,notably representatives ofEuropean trade union andemployer
federations and ofthe Youth Forum .Anumber ofsuch formal con­
sultative meetings have been held inBrussels .
17.During 1981 theCommission hascarried outanumber offinancial
monitoring exercises .This provided anopportunity formore
detailed discussion with theorganisations concerned oftheCom­
mission 'sfinancial andaccounting requirements andenabled a
number ofgeneral administrative points tobeclarified .
./•

III .Practical results 1979 -19ol '
General remarks
18. Theexchange ofyoung workers programme isoneofthefewactivities
I!
operated bytheCommission which encourages direct contacts between
organisations andindividuals ofdifferent countries within theCommunity .
Asuccessful exchange project requires good contacts between promoting
organisations andemployers whoarewilling andable tooffer ayoung
person temporary employment orwork-experience ,anelement oftraining
andcultural and social possibilities .
19. Theprogramme has sofarbeen developed during aperiod ofeconomic
recession andhigh unemployment .These twofactors combined have without
doubt made itsometimes difficult toencourage boijh "employers andyoung
people toparticipate intheprogramme .Some employers have perhaps been
reluctant toagree totake onayoung foreign national ,preferring todo
something tohelp theyoung unemployed intheir owncountry .Others may
have been unable orreluctant totake onayoung person whose level of
productivity wasinevitably going tobelower ,particularly initially ,
than anequivalent national employee .Young people mayhave been reluc­
tant toparticipate if.todosomeant giving upajobandrunning the
risk ofunemployment after completion ofanexchange .
20. From theoutset theCommission wasconcerned toavoid creating a
rigid setofrules fortheprogramme inaddition tothebasic conditions
set out inthe' Decision ofthe Council ofMinisters .Ittook the view
that theprogramme should beflexible togive thepromoting organisations
scope fordeveloping theprogramme across avariety ofindustrial sectors .
·' I '
iheCommission hasinfluenced the ,general direction oftheprogramme by
■1 .
means ofnotes ofguidance andregular discussions with promoting organ­
isations andnational correspondents .
21.Theprogramme isintended tooffer theyoung participants anexperience
oftheworking-life andlife ingeneral inthecountry concerned andto
this endthepromoting organisations have developed anextensive network
ofcontacts inorder toprovide arange ofvocational andcultural possi­
bilities .TheCommission hasnoted some important differences ofemphasis
between promoting organisations andfrom oneexchange project toanother .
Forexample ,whilst thetraining andwork-experience elements ofthe
programme areacoepted as "being indispensable parts ofanexchange ,some

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A < r- •' n•'
organisations place more emphasis than other on (pu'ltural and .social
activities .TheCommission "believes ittoheimportant tomaintain a
reasonable balance between these twoapproaches andtoencourage ,in
certain cases ,greater attention tothevocational aspects ofthepro­
gramme •
22.Costs andexpenditure 1
I
Table 1summarises the information available about the total number
ofparticipants andthecost totheCommission oftheprogramme .Thefact
that itwasonly inJuly 1979 that theDecision oftheCouncil ofMinis­
ters waspromulgated waslargely responsible fortheunderspend onthe
1979 budget .Asecond significant factor intheslow initial build-up
inthenumber ofparticipants istheextent towhich anexchange pro­
gramme ofthis kind depends oncontacts with both employers andyoung
people which take time todevelop .In198lj inaddition tothereasons
described above ,many organisations were over-ambitious intheir estimates
ofthenumbers ofyoung people whowould take part inaparticular project
andforwhom money wasallocated .Thus inseveral cases ,thenumber of
young workers who infact completed anexchange wasconsiderable lower
than thenumber mentioned intheexchange application .In1981 ,the
Commission asked promoting organisations ,inorder toavoid this problem ,
toensure that thenumber ofpotential participants was realistic andto
inform Brussels assoon aspossible ofanyreductions innumbers ofpeople
taking part ,toensure that excess funds would berecouped immediately
andallocated toanother project . - -:i
'I ' I' '* ' ί
23. Theaverage cost figures are :included inthetable asanindication
only .They represent theaverage :costs totheCommission anddonottake
account offunds from other sources .Since costs vary widely from one
country toanother ,theCommission avoided thedifficulties involved
infixing asingle level offinancial contribution foralltencountries
oftheCommunity anddecided tooperate astandard contribution perperson
perweek ofexchange ,valid forallMember States *
24.Industrial sectors •: I,i
Table 2summarises theinformation available about thenumber ofpar­
ticipants byindustrial sector .TheCommission isconcerned toachieve a
better balance oftheindustrial sectors inwhich exchanges take place
andinparticular todevelop exchanges inthemanufacturing sector which
1 •■

1
i : . I'
' r"* ,t ; !
hassofarbeen under-represenited . j,i
I
!1 I
25.Nationality
!
Thefigures intable 3arearough indication ofthedistribution
ofparticipants bynationality .!TheCommission isconcerned toensure
amore balanced distribution infuture iandin .particular toencourage
greater participation byyoung people from thesmaller countries of
theCommunity . ' ' !
!'
26.Short-term exchanges
. ■, i i
Theexperience ofthe first twoyears ofoperating theprogramme
hashighlighted significant differences inthenature andscope of
!•; i! , ,
short-term andlong-term exchanges .Short-term exchanges offer the
young person anopportunity tocomplemeht hisvocational training by
• ' 'i
means ofashort period ofworking experience andortraining in
another country .Forexample ,agroup of20yourig apprentices inthe
United Kingdom spent three weeks visitirig themanufacturing centres
offour German companies which produce machinery andequipment for
theclothing industry .This visit included some formal training on
themechanics oftiiemachinery inthefactories ,inaddition toperiods
ofwork experience andadditional factory visits .
27. Short-term exchanges ofthis nature have inmany cases provided
theyoung people concerned with their first experience inaforeign
country andhave enabled them toobserve directly differences in
customs and inmethods and conditions ofwork .
28. Some short-term exchanges ■have enabled ayoung person tospend
ashort period atwork inthefirm concerned ,although this is
usually only possible when theparticipants aresufficiently in
oommand oftheappropriate language .Anexample wasagroup of16young
people from local government offices inIreland andPrance whohad
thechance tospend amonth working inanequivalent office inthe
other country .
29. Thepromoting organisations have inseveral cases made useof
theshort-term exchange option togain entry into industrial sectors
where exchanges donotnormally take place ,forexample themanu­
facturing seotor ingeneral .
I ;!

30.Long-termexchanges
.1
Long-termexchangeprojectshavetendedtoconcentratelesson
formaltrainingandmoreonpracticalplacements.Alllong-term
exchangeprojectshaveincludedaninitialperiodoflanguagetrain–
ι
inginthecountryconcernedbeforethepracticalplacement.Inthe
caseofprojectslastingupto6months,aweeklyallowancehas
generallybeenpaidbythepromotingorganisation totheyoungperson;
inothercasesyoungpeoplehavebeenemployedbytheemployerconcerned
andhavereceivedawage.
I• '
31.Toquotesomeexamples,severalgroupsofItalian,Frenchand
Germanyoungpeoplehavetakenpartinacommonlanguagecoursein
I
theUnitedKingdomspecifically relatedtotheimport-export business,
andhavesubsequently beenplacedforfourmonthsinavarietyoffirms
intheMidlandsspecialising inthisfield.
32.At-j;heotherendofthescaleanumberofoneyearpractical
periods(precededbytwomonthslanguagetraining)arecurrentlyin
progressinvolvingsecretaries andhoteliemploye,es.Theyoungpeople
concernedareactuallyemployedonthesametermsandconditionsas
anequivalentnationalemployee.
33.Ingeneraltheemployerswhohavereceivedayoungpersonunder
theprogrammehavebeenfavourablyimpressedandhavebeenkeento
receiveotheryoungpeopleonfutureexchanges.Inseveralcases
youngparticipants haveextended ;theperiodabroadaftertheformal
.endoftheexchangeandhavecontinuedtoworkforthehostemployer.
34.Trainingcontentofprojects ,
Exchangeprojectsarenotintendedt<Joffertheyoungperson
concernedbasicvocationaltrainingandexperiencebutrathera
complement ;tothetrainingandexperiencehehasalreadyacquiredin
hisowncountry.Thefirsttwoyearsofoperatingtheprogrammehave
shownconsiderablevarietyinthetrainingmethodsandqualityof
trainingincluded.'TheCommissionnotedattheoutsetthattheremight
beatendencyforshort-termexchangesforexampletobecomelittle
II •/•-9-.
rr

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'I "
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I
more than' "cultural tourism' 1anf forthis reason produced anote for
guidance onthe fcontent ofsuch exchanges .Whilst theCommission
recognises that thecost ofan .exchange will vary according tothe
quality ofthetraining andwork-experience involved ,itnevertheless
"believes itto "becrucial that ,even short-term exchanges should offer
theyoung person agenuine opportunity ofwork-experience and/or
training inthecountry concerned andshould not iconsist merely of
aseries ofunrelated visits to !firms .In1982 theCommission intends
toencourage thepromoting organisations topay ;greater attention to
thequality oftraining provided during anexchange .
35.Training-leave ''
Many oftheyoung people whohave tkken pirt inshort-term ex­
changes have done soonatraining-leave basis *Inother words the
employed concerned hasagreed torelease theyoung person from his
employment fortheduration oftheexchange andtocontinue toemploy
himafter completion oftheexchange .Insome cases theemployer has
continued topaytheyoung person 'ssalary . '■:>
36.TheCommission would like tosfeetheuseofthis concept extended
foranumber ofreasons ,notleast the fact that itwould overcome
thereluctance ofsome potential young participants whoareunder­
standably hesitant togive upajobandrisk subsequent unemployment
inorder to'take part inanexchange .Itisclear that ifemployers
aretobeencouraged tooffer training-leave ,they have tobecon­
vinced of*thequality andvalue ofthetraining offered during the
exchange .Itisalso clear that thevocational ,training system insome
Member States isalready more orientated towards 1thetraining-leave
idea andthat itmaytherefore beeasier todevelop insome countries
than inothers .
37.Remuneration ofparticipants
: :
Thequestion ofthemethod andlevel ofremuneration ofyoung
workers onsinexchange hasbeen discussed atsQme length between
theCommission andthepromoting organi sations .Inpraotice avariety
ofsolutions totheproblem hasbeen found .Inthecase ofshort-term
Μ./.

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:H ; ;■>'
''Π Γ'·
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exchanges ,payments foraccomodation and social activities have almost
invariably been made direct bytheOrganisation operating theexchange .
Part oftheCommission 'sgrant hasbeen used topayeach young person
anallowance tocover incidental expenses notalready covered .Itwould
beunreasonable toexpect thereceiving employer topaytheyoung
person aregular weekly wage where theperiod bfemployment /work-expe -
rience isless than 6months .
I
38. The 'question ofremuneration forexchanges where thepractical
period lasts for6months ormore ismore easily -resolved .Inthese
cases theCommission considers iihat theyoung person concerned should
beemployed onthesame terms asanyother natibnal ofthecountry
concerned andthat he/sheshould therefore receive anappropriate wage .
1
39.Social security questions N
TheCommission decided inI98O tocommission astudy oftheeffect
ofayoung person 'sparticipation inanexchange onhissubsequent
entitlement tosocial security benefits .Theexpert commissioned to
carry outthestudy examined theposition infive Member States
(Belgium ,Prance ,Germany ,Italy andtheUnited Kingdom ),with parti­
cular reference toyoung people returning home after along-term
exchange .Theconclusions ofthestudy aresummarised briefly in
annex /G/.TheCommission recognises that theregulations vary from
country tocountry andthat fiogeneral recommendation canbemade .
However iturges theMember Stages themselves totaketheappropriate
steps toensure that ayoung worker whotakes part inanexchange is
not atadisadvantage if,forexample ,hehastoregister asunemployed
returning tohiscountry after anexchange abroad .
• 1 !. : 0 •
1:·: ' ■; η :
IV*Concluding remarks •> r-
40. Despite anumber oforganisational andfinancial difficulties the
Commission believes that theprogramme isnowwell run-in andhas
produced some very satisfactory results during thefirst twoyears of
. T> ■** Moperation .Itisnow important toenable thepromoting organisations
! H ■} _ h_.-_'1toconsolidate their experience sofar .which forseveral ofthem is
: · ·: ^ Γ>anew one .
; : ^ , ./.
I » '' v fi'

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41.Coordination and information
There arehowever twomajor issues which should bediscussed
atthis stage inthereport .The first concerns thecoordination
oftheprogramme atnational andinternational level .Theexchange
programme relies heavily for itssuccess onawell-developed network
ofcontacts radiating outfrom theCommission attheCentre ,viathe
promoting organisations andnational correspondents ,toemployers ,
trade unions ,national employment agencies ,training institutions
andpotential young participants .TheCommission "believes that greater
effort needs tobeputinto exchanging necessary information between
thevarious parts oftheexchange network .Moreover this exchange of
information needs totake place notonly atnational level within a
particular country butalso across national borders .
42. InMay1981 theCommission organised ameeting exclusively for
promoting organisations toenable them todiscuss ontheir ownhow
they might improve communication andcooperation between andwith
each other .Areas where cooperation between promoting organisations
might beimproved are (l)theselection oflanguage schools forlong-
duration projects ,,(2)contacts with employers and(3)contacts with
theappropriate national employment agencies .More recently the
Commission hasdiscussed theissue with promoting organisations and
national correspondents andintends topursue this discussion vigour -
ously in1982 .Itisquite clear that aneffort isrequired from all
partners intheprogramme andthat theCommission cannot bring about
thenecessary improvements intheexchange ofinformation onitsown .
43. Thesecond important issue tobediscussed here isthequestion
ofthefunding oftheprogramme .TheCommunity budget fortheexchange
ofyoung workers programme islimited andin1^81 theexchange pro­
posals made bythepromoting organisations were well inexcess ofthe
funds available ,itepromoting organisations continue tobuild onthe
expertise they have already acquired anddevelop their capacity to
mount exchanges ,theproblem ofdemand forfunds exceeding thefunds
available will worsen andparticularly ifthebudget available for
theprogramme isonly marginally increased each year totake account
ofinflation .

TheCommission 'sfinancial support ofthe exchange programme is
intended ,toact asanincentive tothedevelopment ofyoung worker
exchanges within theCommunity .Itisnot intended tocover theentire
costs ofeach exchange project .TheCommission 'sintention isto
attempt toincrease thenumber ofyoung people participating inthe
programme whilst atthe same time reducing theamount itcontributes
perperson .This implies that astheCommission 'sfinancial contri­
bution perperson diminishes ,funds areincreasingly provided from
other sources ,forexample employers ,Member States Governments .
During 1982 theCommission intends todiscuss anumber offund­
ingpossibilites with thenational correspondents .Firstly there is
thequestion ofwhether ornotnational training aids might beused
forthebenefit ofyoung people from other Member States during an
exchange programme .Secondly theCommission would like todiscuss
thepossibilities ofMember States setting aside aspecific budget
forthedevelopment oftheprogramme tobeused either asageneral
grant toapromoting organisation ,orasdirect financial assistance
toyoung participants intheprogramme .
Finally ,theCommission isconvinced that despite thelimits
ofthebudget available aprogramme ofthis kind hasmuch tocontri­
bute tothedevelopment ofamore United Europe .Itlooks foward to
further years offruitful cooperation with promoting organisations
andnational correspondents under thesecond jpint exchange ofyoung
workers programme .

V. OVERALLASSESSMENT 1
!■■■■■■ .
47. Thefirsttwoyearsofthesecondjointprogrammetoencourage
theexchangeofyoungworkerswithintheCommunityhaveclearlyshownthat
thisprogrammeisafarmoreeffectiveresponsetotherealneedsandhopes
ofyoungEuropeansandtheeconomicandsocialsituationthanthefirst
jointprogrammeof1964.
48. Thestructureofthenewprogrammeanditsimplementation
throughanumberofcarefullychosenbodieshavemadeitpossibletoachieve
goodresultsbothasregardsthevolumeofexchangesorganizedandtheir
qualityanddiversity.
49. Inthecourseofthe15yearswhenthefirstjointprogramme
wasinoperation,i.e.from1964to1979,some1500youngworkerstook
partinexchanges,thatistosay10Qperyear. .,,
Asearlyasthe,secondhalfof1979,,252youngworkers ,wereexchanged,
althoughasystemwasbeingoperatedwhichwastotallydifferentfrom
whathadgonebefore.In1980,505youngmaleandfemaleworkerstookpart
inexchanges,afigurewhichroseto944in1981.
0
Theexchangeprojectsproposedoradoptedcorresponded /inall,toafigure
threeorfourtimesgreaterthantheavailableappropriations -which
resultedinsomedifficultchoicesandsomedistressing cuts.
50. Therangeofoccupations' coveredwaswidenedappreciably
andtheshareoftheagricultural sectorwasreducedtoalittleover25%,
despitethemajoremploymentproblemsinothersectors.

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51. TheCommission hasbeenabletoplayamajorpartthanksto
thegrantofCommunityaidtothevariouspromoters andtotheimpetus
giventotheimplementation oftheprogramme,bothdirectlyandthrough
thecooperation ofthenationalcoordinators .
Thenationalauthorities concernedcollaborated inimplementing the
exchangeswithinthelimitsoftheirresources and-commitment .
Generallyspeaking,thepromotersdidagoodjobthankstotheefforts
madebytheexistingbodiestoadapttothenewsystemandtheavailability
ofnewbodies.
52. Youngpeoplehaveshowngreatinterestintakingpart
intheexchanges,both,thoseofshortandofLongduration,andnumerous
spontaneous statements receivedbytheCommission,eitherdirectlyorvia
thepromotingbodies,bearwitnesstothesatisfaction oftheparticipants
andtheirpositiveviewsonthetimetheyspentabroad.Information received
confirmsthatinsomecasesyoungworkershadbeensingledoutforem­
ploymentontheirreturnbyemployers whonotedthattheyhadbeenon
coursesfinancedbytheCommunity .However,theseareisolatedcasesand
therearenogroundsfordrawinganygeneralconclusions fromthem.
53. Experience hasshownthatthenumberofyoungpeoplelikely
tobeinterested intheseexchangesisveryhighandthatfurtherdevelop­
mentofthesecondjointprogrammeisconditioned essentially bythelimits
oftheavailableappropriations andresources. .
However,someexpansionoftheprogrammemightbepossibleiftheMember
Statestookamoredirectpartintheexchangeoperations andif,under
certainconditions,nationalsubsidiesforyoungpeoplewereextendedto
youngworkersfromotherMember-States.

-16-
AreductionintheamountoftheweeklyCommunitycontribution pertrainee
mightbeconsiderediftherewereanincreaseinthenumberoffixed-
durationcontractsofferedtoLong-termtraineesandifnationalprogrammes
foryoungpeopleweremadeaccessibletoyoungpeoplefromotherMember
States.ThiswouldmeanthattheCommissioncouldfinancealargernumber
ofprojectsbenefitingothergroupsofyoungworkerswithoutasizeable
increaseinthebudgetappropriation allocatedtothistypeofoperation.
Atpresent,thenumberofyoungpeoplewithproperemploymentcontracts
isslightinrelationtothetotalnumberofparticipants intheseexchange
54. Thequestionofpublicityandinformation isabovealla
matterofsocialjustice:i.e.,ofinformingthelargestpossiblenumber
ofyoungworkersandarrangingmatterssothatpotentialcandidates can
applyingoodtime.
However,iftheappropriations remainsmall,alarge-scale information
campaigncouldawakenhopesfollowed,inevitably,bybitterdisappointments
Forthisreason,anyinformation campaignshouldbeexpandedonlyaslarger
appropriations areallocatedtotheimplementation ofthejointprogramme.
55. Thenumberofapprovedbodiesandtheirfunctionunderthe
secondjointprogrammeshouldbereviewedwithaviewtoimprovingthe
balanceasregardslocationandthevarioussectorsandbranchesinvolved.
Sectoralandsimilarorganizations atEuropeanlevelshouldcollaborate
moreclosely.ontheimplementation oftheprogramme;theEuropeantrade
unionsandtheirnationalfederationsshouldmoreopenlysupporttheorga­
nizationofin-firmtrainingperiods,sincetheCommunitytraineesdonot
replacenationalworkersinpermanentjobs;employers,atthesametime,
shouldcommitthemselvesmoreplainlytoprovidingasufficientnumberof
traineejobsfortheyoungworkerstakingpartintheprogramme.

-17-
56. Theassistancegiventothetraineesinthehostcountry -
variesagreatdealdependingontheresourcesofthepromotingbody
andtheorganizations inMemberStateswithwhichitmaybecooperating ;
thisisafieldofgreatimportanceforthesuccessofexchangeoperations
andnoeffortshouldbesparedtoprovideyoungworkerswithallthe
assistancedesirable(accomodation,meals,contactswiththeauthorities,
contactswiththeworkingenvironmentofthehostcountry,tradeunion
discussions,culturalevents,folklore,sports,leisureactivities,etc.).
Theabilitytoprovidesuchassistancebefittinglyshouldbeassessedmore
strictlywhenframeworkagreementsarerenewedornewpromotingbodies
areapproved.
57. Anincreaseinthenumberoftraineesexchanged-onaone-to-
onebasis-betweensmallandmedium-sized firmswouldbeinlinewiththe
twofoldaimofbringingthesefirmsintotheCommunity'sorbitandof
reducingtheamountofCommunityassistancepertraineeexchanged.This
assistancecouldbeasmuchas75%oftravelexpensesandthewholeof
thecontribution towardsthecostoflanguagetuition,plusareasonable
percentageforgeneralandadministrative expenses.
Exchangesofyoungworkersfromothersectors,suchasthesocio-cultural
sector,couldfollowthesameformula,thepotentialofwhichseemstohave
eludedanumberofsectorswhichcouldbenefitfromit.
58. Theperiodunderreviewallowsusonlytopresentaninitial
setofassessments whichmaybeamendedorsupplemented inthelightofthe
resultsobtainedduringthesubsequentimplementation oftheprogramme.
Nevertheless,inviewoftheexperiencegainedduringthisperiod,the
Commissiontakestheviewthattheoverallconceptofthesecondprogramme
hasprovedtobevalidforthetypeofexchangesexplicitely aimedat.

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59. Theshort-termexchanges,theexperimental natureofwhich
wasstressedinthepreambleoftherelevantConcilDecision,were
carriedoutontermswhichmadeitpossibletoavertanyriskofdeviation
fromtheobjectivesset.
60. Thelanguagecoursesgenerallyhadahighlypositiveimpact
onthetrainees,whowereabletoexperiencedirectlythequalityand
effectiveness oftheinstruction theyreceived.Theknowledgethusacquired
isfarmorethanalinguistictoolforimmediateuse,foritaddstoeach
individual'soverallculture.
61. Thecultural,socialandvocationalexperienceacquiredby
theyoungworkerswhohavetakenpartinexchangesunderthesecondjoint
programme maybeviewedastheestablishment ofcontactslikelytomark
afundamentalsteptowardsanawarenessoftheEuropeanspiritonthepart
oftheseyoungworkers.

Summaryofrecommendations
Noadditionalorganisations tobelicensedin19o2.
Needforfurthereffortonthepartofnationalcorres­
pondents.
Maintenance ofabalance "between"vocationally-oriented "
and"culturally-oriented "organisations .
Rirtherpromotionofexchangesinthemanufacturing sectors
ofindustry.
Encouragegreaterparticipation byyoungnationalsfromthe
smallercountriesoftheCommunity.
Extensionoftheuseoftheideaoftraining-leave .
MemberStatestoensurethatyoungpeoplenotatadisad­
vantagevis-a-vissocialsecurityentitlements whenreturn
totheirowncountry.
paras.41/
42Greatereffortrequiredoninformation andcoordination ,
paras.44/
45Development ofadditionalsourcesoffunds.
para.34Moreattentiontobepaidtothetrainingelementof
exchangeprojects.para.11
para.14
para.21
para.24
para.25
para.36
para.39

Statistical tables
1.Summarytable:participants andexpenditure 1979-19°1
2.Numberofparticipants byindustrialsector1979–19^1
3.Numberofparticipants bycountryoforigin1979-19^1•
Annexes
A.DecisionoftheCouncilofMinisters
B.Listofpromotingorganisations
C.Listofnationalcorrespondents
D.SampleagreementbetweenCommissionandpromotingorganisations
E.Samplecontractusedforindividualexchangeprojects
P.NotesforGuidance1and2
G.Summaryofconclusionsofsocialsecuritystudy.

tf
Table 1
Summary table :participants and expenditure
I.Total trainees
Îi)short exchanges
ii)long exchanges
TOTAL
II.Budget allocated
III .Total expenditure
(i)short exchanges
(ii)long exchanges
TOTAL
IV.Average costs (per
trainee perweek )
(i)short exchanges
(ii)long exchanges1221
145
107
252
65O.OOO EUA
108.644 EUA
248 .353EUA
357.002 EUA
126 EUA
101 EUA1280
193
312
505
1.300.000 EUA
148.873 EUA
983.451 EUA
1.132.324 EUA
135EUA
112 EUA1981
486
458
944
1.558.000 SUA
390.100 EUA
1.167.900 SUA
1.558.000 EDA
+Figures include some exchanges which were funded from the1979 budget
butwhich took place inI98O .
*Numbers ofparticipants onschemes approved uptoendNovember I98I .
Nofinancial information yetavailable .

Table2
Numberofparticipants byindustrialsector
Short Lon?Total
1979
Agriculture 22 59 8l 32
Manufacturing
industry 57 57 23
Services 48 48 19
Other/unspecified 66 66 26
145 107 252
1980
Agriculture 97 92 189 37
Manufacturing 17 19 36 7
Services 39 201 240 48
Other/unspecified 40- 40 8
Total 193 312 505
1981
Agriculture
(incl.fishingand
horticulture ) 94 '214 308 32,60
Manufacturing/
Transformation 70 15 85 9
Services:
-hospitals 54 - 54 5,70)-banking 770 '778,20j-hotels 30 63 93 9,90)
-import-export - 55 "55 5,80)'-theatre 10 - 10 1
-others 61 41 102 10,80
Other/unspecified 160 - 160 17
Total 486 458 944

Table 3
nationality
Number ofparticipants bycountry oforigin and length
oftraining -period
(approximate figures )
July 1979/
July 1981
Belgium
Germany
Denmark
Greece (1981
only )
Prance
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
United KingdomShort
42
75
19
4
142
125
83
62
240Long
30
156
36
11
301
21
I64
2
32
99Total
72
231
55
15
443
146
247
2
94
3394
14
3
1
27
9
15
0,1
6
21