ARCHIVESHISTORIQUES
DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEEDES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(82)103
Vol.1982/0038

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(82)103final
Brussels,23rdJune1982
COMMUNICATION FROMTHECOMMISSION TOTHECOUNCIL
ThirdbiennialReportontheeconomicandfinancialsituation
ofrailwayundertakings
(Article14ofDecision75/327/EEC)
1977-1979
C0M(82)103final

-1-
I.INTRODUCTION
1.Article14oftheCouncilDecisionof20May1975ontheimprovementof
thesituationofrailwayundertakings andtheharmonization ofrules
governingrelationsbetweensuchundertakingsandStates(75/327EEC)1
provides
"Everytwoyears,theCommissionshallsubmittotheCouncilareporton
theimplementation byMemberStatesofthisDecisionandofRegulations
(EEC)No.1191/69,(EEC)No.1192/69and(EEC)No.1107/70.Thereport
mustclearlyindicatetheresultsachieved,withparticularregardto
anychangeinthefinancialsituationoftherailwayundertakings."
2.Tofacilitatecomprehension andmaintaincontinuity,thisthirdbiennial
(coveringyears1977-79)reportfollowsasimilarformattopreviousyearsex­
ceptthatthefiguresusedinAnnexIbaretakendirectlyfromtheTransposed
accountsofRailwayundertaking communicated annuallytotheCommissionunder
theprovisionsofRegulation(EEC)No.2830/77^.
3.Bywayofintroduction and,tosomeextent,toprovideaframeworkfor
thisreport,itisappropriatetorecallthemainideasforrailway
policydevelopmentoutlinedinlastyear'sMemorandum^-Community
RailwayPolicy-Reviewandoutlookforthe1980's.TheCommission
statesdecisivelythat"theproblemofrailwaysinEuropeisamongthe
mostpressing,complexandchallengingissuesintransport".Ithigh­
lightsthedeterioration oftherailways'financialpositionoverthe
lasttwodecades,theirdeclineinmarketshareandenvisagedcontinu­
ationofthissituationifremedialactionisnottakenbytherespon­
sibleauthoritiesatundertaking,nationalandCommunitylevels.
0JL15212.6.1975
20JL33424.12.1977
3C0M(80)752final

-2-
4.TheCommission'sconvictionoftheneedforasoundlybasedEuropeanRail­
waysystemisreflected.Therationalofthisconvictionisbasedon:
-theneedforadequateandcompetitivetransportalternatives
-development,asfaraseconomically justified,oftransportmodes
utilizingindigenousenergysources
-servicingofmarketsofcontinental dimension.
5.TheMemorandumspecifiedfourmainareasinwhichtheCommunity'sroleis
ofconsiderable importanceinredressingtherailway'ssituation.Thefour
areasare:
-généralframeworkofrailwaypolicy,
-infrastructure
-co-operation
-combinedtransport.
TheMemorandumlaysdownaworkprogrammeenvisagingactionontwobroad
fronts:
development andfullapplication ofexistingCommunitylegislation,
particularly theCouncilDecisionof20May1975;
-aseriesofnewmeasurestoimprovetherailwayssituationgoingbeyond
existingprovisions".
6.Thisreport,concentrating asitdoesontheapplication ofexisting
Communitylegislation,isthereforeanimportantcontribution fortheattain­
mentofatleastthefirstpartofthistwofoldapproachandapotential
springboardforthepromotionofthesecond.
Itisagainstthisbackground andtothesedeclaredendsthatthisreport
mustbeappreciated .

Thereportispresentedintwoparts
-PartI,withinthecontextoftheabovepolicyanditsobjectives
Ca)examinesapplication ofRegulations (EEC)No1191/69onpublic
serviceobligations.No1192/69onnormalization ofrailwayaccounts
andNo1107/70onAidstoTransport
(b)examinesactionstakenatbothCommunityandnationallevelstoim­
plementtheprovisionsofDecision75/327/EEC
(c)concludesastowhatissuestheCommunityandnationalauthorities
should,intheshortandmediumterms,directtheireffortsto
ensureafullandcorrectimplementation ofexistinglegislation
toimprovetherailways'situation.
-PartIIisdevotedtoananalysisofthefinancialandeconomicevolutio
ofrailwayundertakings oftheCommunity.

-4-
II.APPLICATION OFREGULATIONS (EEC)No1191/69,(EEC)No1192/69AND
(EEC)No1107/70
8.Theaboveregulations areanintegral partoftheframework ofCommunity
Railwaypolicyrepresenting ,astheydo,thegroundrulesforregulating
Stateintervention intotransport undertakings operating inamarket
govered bytherulesoffaircompetition .Correctimplementation of
thislegislation isessentialifdistortions inthemarketaretobe
removedorprecluded .
9.Thehistorical context andspecific provisions oftheregulations were
1examined inthelastbiennial report.Theintention hereinissimply
tosurveycurrentpractices andmethods usedbyMemberStatestoimple­
menttheaboveregulations andreflect whereappositeiftheirobjec­
tivesandpurposes arebeingfulfilled .
A.Regulation 1191/69onpublicserviceobligations
10.Application ofthisparticular regulation requires MemberStatesto
decideupon:
-maintenance ortermination ofpublicserviceobligations
-natureofobligation imposed
-methodofcompensation .
Arecentsurveyundertaken bytheCommission 'sservices revealsthatonly
infewcasesisthedecision toterminate ormaintain aservice basedon
adetailed cost/benefitanalysis oftheservice orservices inquestion .
Rarelyarethecriteria ofassessment setoutinArticle 3oftheregu­
lationexhaustively applied.Qualitative appraisals andinterpretations
ofthepublicinterest holdswayovercost/effectiveness andadequacy
COM(79)447final

-5-
ofalternative modeswithconsequentimplications forboththeunderta­
kings'financesandtheStates'budget.Theresult,togetherwiththe
effectsofinflationmeansthatdemandsforStatesupportareincreased.
11.Inordertotakeaccountofthelinksbetweentransportpolicyandotherpoli­
ciesandtoensuregreaterobjectivity,costconsciousness andimprovedresource
distribution,theCommission,underprovisionsofArt.15§2ofthe75De­
cision,proposedinJanuary1981aregulationamending1191/69,detailsof
whicharecurrentlygiveninParagraph45.Thisproposalisunderdiscussion
intheCounciI.
12oThesurveyalsorevealsadisparityinthenatureofobligations imposedupon
railways.Twodistinctapproachesareadopted.OnegroupofMemberStatesimposes
mainlyobligationstooperate(UK,Netherlands,Denmark,Ireland,Germanyand
Luxemburg).Theothergroup(France,Italy,Belgium)imposesbothtariffand
operationalobligations buttheemphasisisputontheformer.TheRegulation
itselfpermitstheimpositionofeitherandintheorythefinancialconsequences
shouldbesimilar.Itappearsthattheimpositionofobligations tooperate
givesmorescopeforbothgovernments andrailwaymanagements to:
-attainmoremarketorientatedandresponsivepricingpolicies,
-maximizerevenuesandtherebyimprovethefinancialsituationevenin
thepublicservicesector.
13.Calculation ofcompensation ismostlybasedon"thefullcost"method
(Art.10).Itappearshoweverthatvaryinginterpretations of"full
cost"existbetweenMemberStates.Thereisevidencetosuggestthatin
someMemberStatescertainindirectcostse.g.depreciation,financial
chargesareexcludedfromthecompensation calculation.Theissueisalso
complicated,incertainMemberStates,bytheapplicationoffinancial
limitsorceilingsoncompensation .

-6-
14.Theseareissueswhichmightgainfully bestudiedwithinthecontext
ofthedevelopment andfullapplication ofexisting Community legis­
lation .
B.Regulation 1192/69onnormalization oftheaccounts of
railwayundertakings
15.Thereislittlenewtoreportontheapplication ofthisregulation .The
1Commission 'sproposal foramendment remainsdeadlocked intheCouncil.
Howevertheobjective,thatStatesshouldbearfullfinancial responsi­
bilityforinterventions whichtheyconsider necessary andentailfinan­
cialburdensfortherailways,couldstillbeachievedifcurrentpro-
2posals madeonthebasisofart.15§1ofDecision 75/327are
adopted.
C.Regulation 1107/70onAidstoTransport
16.Theregulatory framework ofthislegislation remainsthesame.Thepro­
blemsoutlined inthelastbiennial reportareunchanged .TheCommission
hashowevertakentwostepstowardstheirsolution .
17.Proposals havebeensubmitted foramending regulation 1107/70witha
viewtosupplementing thesystemforgranting aidsfortransport by
rail,roadandinlandwaterway bytheaddition ofprovisions oncom-
4binedtransport .Theyprovideforinvestment aidsfor:
-infrastructure ,including transhipment terminals ,
-installations andhandling equipment fortranshipment ,
-rollingstocksuchasrailway waggons androadvehicles,andinland
waterway vesselsespecially intended andadaptedforcombined transport .
COM(77)637finalof7.12.1977
2COM(80)906final
3COM(79)447final
4COM(80)796final

-7-
Itisproposedtopermitaidupto50Aofsumtotalinvesteduntilthe
endof1985afterwhichdatethepercentagewillbereducedto30%until
31December1990.
TheproposalsarebeingexaminedbytheCouncil.

-8-
III.Implementation oftheProvisions oftheDecision
18.Thissectionofthereport,asinprevious reports,isdevotedtopro­
gressmadetoimplement thespecific provisions oftheDecision by:
-MemberStates
-theCommunity
-Community,MemberStatesandNational Bodies
19.Actions undertaken byMemberStates
(a)Implementation oftheDecision
Art.16provides that"assoonaspossible andnotlaterthan1.1.1977,
MemberStatesshall,afterconsultation withtheCommission ,giveeffect
bylaw,regulation oradministrative action,tosuchprovisions asmay
benecessary fortheimplementation ofthisDecision".
AllMemberStateswiththeexception ofItalyandLuxemburg havemade
provisions forafullimplementation oftheDecision .
Progress cannevertheless berecorded .InItaly,adraftproposal tore­
structure therailways inlinewiththeprovisions oftheDecision
hasbeensubmitted totheCommission .Thisproposal isundercon­
sideration andaCommission opinionisexpected duringthecourseofthis
year.
Asfarasrevisionofthestatutes governing theCFLisconcerned,nofinal
decision hasyetbeentaken.AsprovidedforinArt.1§2ofDecision 75/327
amendments totheconstitutive actsoftheCFLaretobemadetogether by
theLuxemburg ,Belgian andFrenchgovernments .
20.(b)Business Plans
Article 3oftheDecision provides that:"...eachrailwayundertaking
shall,inparticular :

-9-
–submititsbusinessplans,possibly covering anumberofyears,inclu­
dingitsinvestment andfinancing programmes withintheframework of
theoverallpolicieslaiddownbytheStateandtakingaccountofna­
tionaltransport planning,particularly withregardtoinfrastructure ".
TheCommission hasrepeatedly stressed theimportance whichitattaches
tothisprovision .Indeeditisthemaininstrument forachieving the
objective ofimproving thesituation ofrailwayundertakings .Theexpec­
tationstheCommission hasregarding theseplansanditsownroleintheir
1evaluation remainasstatedinparagraphs 52-55ofthefirstreport and
reaffirmedinparagraph 50ofthesecondreport2.Theirimportance was
reiterated intheCouncil'sconclusions of6thDecember 1979.
21.Itistoberegretted thattheoptimism soundedintheSecondBiennial
Reportonimprovements intheBusiness andFinancial Planning ofRail­
wayactivities hasfailedtomaterialise .ThreeMemberStates,Germany,
FranceandIreland,have,fordiverse reasons,informed theCommission
thatupdatedornewbusiness andfinancial programmes cannotbesubmitted
underthepresentcircumstances .
22Asummaryofthoseplansreceivedisgivenbelow:
23(A)BELGIUM-SociétéNationale desCheminsdeferBelges(SNCB)
TM/SNCB'splancoverstheperiod1980-1982 .OverthisperiodtheBelgian
railwayundertaking foresees nomajorchangesinthedemandforeither
passenger orgoodsservices.Translated intofinancial termsprobable
receiptsfor1980areBF26milliard (BF8,7milliard passenger,
BF14,7milliard goods,BF2,7milliarddivers)selfgenerated andsome
BF21,4milliardforthepublicserviceobligations .Expenses areexpec­
tedtoamounttosomeBF72,5milliardofwhichsomeBF23milliardwill
becompensated .Theoperating resultaftercompensation willshowade­
ficitofsomeBF2,0milliard.1981resultsareforecasttoshowanet
COM(77)295final
2COM(79)447final

-10-
deficitofsome4,2milliard .Passenger andtrafficreceipts areexpected
toremainstaticandcostsincrease bysome6%.Statecompensations are
envisaged toincrease bysomeBF2,0milliard anincrease over1980of
some5%.
Investment overtheperioddestined toimproveurbanservices,automati-
zationoflevelcrossings ,increase thenumberofelectrified linesand
improveinfrastructure inviewofincreased trainspeedsisforecast at
(using1980prices)BF11milliard for1980,BF14milliard for1981and
BF16milliard for1982.
TheSNCB's1979planforre-organization hasstilltobeagreedbythe
Ministry ofTransport .Theplanisin4parts,eachdevotedtothemain
activities oftheundertaking .Theessential pointsoftheplanare:
(a)Passenger Services
-improvedqualityofservices
-establishment ofintercity services
-integration ofroad/railservices toestablish integrated transport
system
(b)GoodsServices
-movementtofulltrainloadoverspecific routesatregular
intervals
-rationalization ofmarshalling yards
-promotion ofinterational services ,
(c)ParcelServices
-24hourdoortodoorserviceforcustomers
-storage andcustomsservices
(d)Combined Transport
-intensive development ofinternational services .

-11-
24.(B)DENMARK-DeDanskeStatsbaner (DSB)
Thisplancoverstheperiod1980-1986andisconceivedwithintheDanish
StateRailways"Plan1990".Duringthisperioddemandforecastsforpassen­
gertransportenvisagedoublingofpassengersusingDSBservicesinthe
Metropolitan areaofCopenhagen bytheendof1982comparedwith1979and
moremodestincreaseof25%overtherestofthenetwork.Goodstraffic
provesverydifficulttoassessgiventhedifficulteconomicsituation,
uncertainenergysupplyandinflation.Ferryserviceswereimprovedby
theintroduction ofthreenewservicesin1980/1981.
Investmentplansfortheperiod(inmillionDKRat1.1.80prices)include
DKR1997million(31%oftotalinvestment)forpassengerservicesofwhich
DKR1554millionwillbeinvestedduring1982-1986;DKR534million(8%oftotal
investment)forgoodsservicesofwhichDKR369millionisearmarkedfor
1982-1986;DKR1110millionforferries(17%oftotalinvestment of
whichDKR515millionisearmarkedfor1982-1986.Otherinvestment,including
DKR652millionforelectrification ,willamounttoDKR2791millionover
theperiodoftheplan.
StatesupportisforecasttofallfromDKR1461millionin1981
(DKR573millionforoperationsandDKR888millionforinvestment)to
someDKR1395millionin1986(DKR479millionforoperations and
DKR916millionforinvestment).
Personnelrequirements areenvisagedtoincreasebysome1000persons
overtheperiod(1979-21500)

-12-
25 .(C)ITALY -Ferrovie dello Stato (FS)
The FSiscurrently engaged onanintensive research ofmarket requirements
inboth thepassenger andgoods sectors with aview toadjusting services
offered more closely todemand .Great emphasis isbeing placed upon improve­
ment inthequality ofservices ,simplification oftariff structures (parti­
cularly inthegoods secor byreducing thenumber ofrate classes andad­
justing tariff levels tothemovement ofcosts andthemarket situation ),
development ofintermodal transport (containerization +combined road /
rail operations ),introduction ofcomputerized information andcontrol
systems (management +technical )andincreasing productivity through ra­
tionalization ofpersonnel utilization andimproved utilization oflines
and installations .
Traffic forecasts envisage anincrease of1%peryear inpassenger
kilometres (38,931 million passenger /km)in1980 whilst ton/kmareexpec­
ted toremain at1980 levels (17,896 million )throughout 1981 /82with
anincrease of1%in1983 and 2%in1984 .Tomeet these objectives the
Italian Parliament ,inFebruary 1981 ,approved afive year (1981-1985 )in­
vestment programme forupgrading ,reinforcing andmodernising lines ,in­
stallations andoperating equipment .Theprogramme represents atotal
outlay of12,450 thousand million LIT,ofwhich 8,950 thousand million
isforfixed installations and3,500 million forrenewal andreinforce­
ment ofrolling stock .
The FSisalso implementing specific investment programmes fortheperiod
1981-1984 for :
-increasing capacity ofrailway andimproving fixed installations
(120,000 million LIT)
-adaptation offixed installations forelectric traction totheuseof
more highly powered locomotives (183,000 million LIT)
-renewal ofrepair shop equipment andother operating plant (72,000
miIlion LIT )
-conversion ofrolling stock (91,000 million LIT).

-13-
Theforecastedfinancialresultsenvisagethatfortheperiod1981-1983
totalexpenditurewillincreasefrom8,466milliardLITin1981to
10,500milliardin1983.Revenueisexpectedtoincreasefrom7,023milliard
LITto9,013milliardLIToverthesameperiod.Selfgeneratedrevenue
isforecasttorisefrom1,770milliardLITto2,029milliardLITandthe
operatingdeficitwillremainconstantatsome1,445millionLIT.
Statesupport,capitalandoperational,isforecasttoincreaseoverthe
threeyearperiod(1981-1983)by40%.
2d(D)LUXEMBOURG-CheminsdeFerLuxembourgeois (CFL)
TheLuxemburggovernmentcommunicated totheCommission CFL'soperating
budgetfor1981togetherwiththeprovisional investmentplanfor1981-
1985,withspecificreferencetotheprogrammeandbudgetfor1981.
CFLenvisagereceiptsof6580millionfrancsfortheyear1981.
Passengerserviceswillcontribute247million,goods1530mil­
lion,miscellaneous 103millionandStatesupport4700million..
StatesupportunderCommunitylegislationwillrepresentsome2/3rdof
CFL'sincome,anincreaseof18%over1980.Expensesareestimatedat
6922millionfrancsanincreaseof10%.Thenetresultwillyield
adeficit(afterStatecompensation )of344millionfrancs.
TheprogrammeforinvestmentinCFLfor1981-1985amountsto4894million
francs;2846millionfrancsfornewinvestmentand2048millionforre­
newal.Budgetedexpendituresfor1981represent 1169millionfrancsof
which673millionisfornewinvestmentand495millionfrancsisfor
renewalpurposes.

-14-
27.(E)NETHERLANDS-Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS)
BusinessandfinancialplansoftheNSdistinguish betweentwopolicy
sectors-passengerandgoodstransport.
Themulti-annual investmentprogrammeforpassengertransportfor1979-
1985provides(accounttakenofthereductionsnecessarytostaywithinState
Statebudgetedlimits)forHFL2155million(1978prices).HFL631million
isfornewrollingstock,HFL283millionforimprovedcrossingfacilities,
HFL801millionforsafetyandtelecommunications andHFL366forinfra­
structure.However,inviewofprojectedgrowthinpassengerkilometersof
some1000millionby1985occasionedbyavigorouscommercialpolicya
newlongtermplan(1980-1988)forpassengertransportisunderdiscussion.
UnderthisnewplanNSestimatesgeneralinvestmentrequirements at
HFL4200million.Newlinesandspecialprojectsovertheperiodareforecast
toassumeaninvestmentofafutherHFL2700million:overtheperiod
1980-1984selfgeneratedrevenueisexpectedtoincrease(using1980prices)
fromHFL860milliontoHFL943millionandcompensation toclimbfrom
HFL770milliontoHFL895million.
Thegoodssectoriscurrentlyunderreviewasaresultofinvestigations
intothissectoroftherailway'sactivitiesshowingthatintoday's
marketandwithexistingcoststructuresthereisnochanceofcostcover­
age.NewinitiativeswillbetakenbyGovernmentandRailwayauthorities
beforeJanuary1982toimprovethesituation.In1979NScarriedsome
22000000tonnes.In1979theNSlostHFL15million.Thisfigureis
expectedtorisetoHFL28millionin1981.

-15-
28.(F)UNITEDKINGDOM ~BritishRailways Board(BRB)
BritishRailway'sCorporate plan(1981-1985 )encompasses thetotalactivi­
tiesoftheCompany.Inthisreportonlytherailplanisconsidered .
Therailplanlooksindetailintothevariouscomponent partsofthe
railway andhowtheywillchangeduringthe1980's,withparticular re­
ferencetothenextfiveyears.Itdiscusses thethreerailwaybusinesses ,
Passenger,Freight andParcels,andtheresource requirement oftherail­
way.
Forecasted passenger business results (1980-1985 )usingAverage 1980
pricesshowanincrease inrevenuefrom£973million (1980)
to£1151million (1985).Expenses overthesameperiodareexpec­
tedintoincrease from£1634millionto£1780million.Thepublic
serviceobligation requirement willinfactfallfromsome£661million
1to£630million andwiththepublicserviceobligation cashlimitexpec­
tedtoincrease theenvisaged resultswillshowasubstantial improvement
froma£26millionshortfall in1980to£34millionsurplusin1985.
Passenger traffic,measured inpassenger milesisexpected toincrease,
overthesameperiod,fromaround 20000millionto21000million (5%)
Increases areenvisaged inintercity andcommutertrafficwithdecreases
inlocalandprovincial services .Freight andParcelsbusiness results
areforecast toshowanincrease inrevenue from£613millionin1980to
£632millionin1985withexpensefalling from£662millionto£521mil­
lionoverthesameperiod.Whenconsideration istakenofancillary net
receipts andinterest payments thefinalresultsareexpectedtomove
fromashortfall of£43millionin1980toasurplusof£136million
in1985.
Central
andnetGovernment
additionalPublic
effectServiceObligation grant,estimated PTEpayments
oftheelectrification review.

-16-
1Theforecastsarebasedonincreasedinvestmentlevelsovertheperiod.
Investment spendlevelsareenvisagedtoincreasefrom£277million
in1980to£430millionin1985.Manpowerrequirements areestimated
tofallbysome29000overtheperiodoftheplan.
GeneralCommentsontheBusinessPlans
29-TheCommissionregretsthatthreeMemberStateshavefailedtocommunicate
updatedbusinessplans.TheCommissioniscognisantofthedifficultcurrent
andconjecturalsocialandeconomicconditionsbutconsidersthatthis
situationshouldnecessitate anevenmorerigourousapproachtoplanning
raiIwayactivities.
30.itisdifficulttodrawgeneralconclusions andtrendsfromsuchdiverse
sourcesanddifferingapproaches.Someplansaremulti-annual whilst
otherscoveronlyoneyear.Insomecasesitistheyearpast.Some
plansareonlyenvisagedinvestmentprogrammesandbudgetsanddonot
reviewthebusinessactivitiesofrailways.
Theplanscommunicatedreflectdifferingattitudesandapproachesto
railwaysandrailwayoperations,differingprioritiesinreducingde­
pendenceonGovernmentfinancialsupportandintroducingstricterfinan­
cialcontrolforrailwaymanagements .
1
Majormainlineelectrification programme(1983-1990),improvedtrack
andsignalling andlocomotiveandrollingstockrenewal.

-17-
Theplansrevealthegeneraleffortsbeingmadethroughincreased invest­
mentprogrammes toimprovetherailways' efficiency andproductivity and
therebytheircompetitive position onthemarketvisavisothermodes.
31.Actionundertaken jointly bynational andCommunity bodies
Art.11§1provides that"MemberStatesshall,inconjunction withthe
Commission ,investigate measures likelytopromoteco-operation among
railwayundertakings ."Inpursuance ofthisobjective theCommission has,
afterconsultation withMemberStates,Railwayauthorities andindepen­
dentexperts,takenseveralinitiatives overthepasttwoyears.
1
32.Following theCommission 'sMemorandum onRailways theGeneralSecretariat
oftheCouncil,drewupadraftResolution withparticular emphasis
giventoneedforimproved cooperation .TheTransport Councilmeeting,
plannedforJune1981,wascancelled .TheCouncil hastherefore been
unablesofartopronounce ontheResolution .
33.TheCommission ispreparing areportoncooperation forthebeginning of
1982.Thereportaimstoexamineprogress achieved inthefieldofco­
operation andtheobstacles tobeovercomeiffurtherprogressistobe
made.TheGroupofTenRailways havebeenconsulted inthepreparation
ofthereport.Consultation withbothrailwayandgovernment expertswill
continue intheautumn.
COM(80)752final

-18-
34.TheCommission reportwillexamine :
-thepotential benefitsofimprovedco-operation fromthepointofview
ofgovernments ,usersandrailwayundertakings ,
-thedevelopment ofbothinternational passenger andgoodstraffic,
highlighting thestrengths andpotential ofrailways,
-currentmeasuresofco-operation :assistance fromrailwayundertakings
willbeessential forthissection .
Itisenvisaged thatacertain numberofproposals willbemadeonthe
basisoftheCommission 'sfindings .
35.TheConsultative Committee onTransport (Committee 83)hasbeenrequested
tostudyandreportontheobstacles tointernational transport andon
possibility toimprovethecommercial management ofrailways.Theirreports
areduebytheendof1981.
36.TheCommission hasaskedaprivateconsultant SEMAtoundertake astudy
oncommercial co-operation andexpectafuthercontribution totheirexamin­
ationfromaprivatestudyundertaken byProfessor WICKHAMoftheUniversite
deParis.Thisstudy,budgeting conditions permitting ,isonlythefirst
partofaprogramme whichwillcontinue in1982.
(c)Actionundertaken byCommunity Bodies
37.TheCommission presented theSecondCommission reporttotheCouncilon
1theTraraposed AnnualAccountsoftheRailwayUndertakings 1978in
2
November 1980.Regulation (EEC)No2830/77onthemeasures necessary to
achievecomparability betweentheaccounting systems andannualaccounts
ofrailwayundertakings providesinArt.6§1that"the Committees conclu
sionsshallbenotedinthereportwhichtheCommission istosubmitto
theCouncileverytwoyearspursuanttoArt.14§1ofCouncilDecision
75/327/EEC".
38.Theconclusions canbesummarized as:
ICOM(80)778final
0J20/L334of24.12.1977

-19-
-improvedcomparability ascomparedwith1977occasionedbyanimprovement
inthecontentoftheexplanatory notes
-specificproblemsforandobstaclestocomparability remain:
-majordifferences inbookingfixedassetsandtheir
depreciation
-differences intreatinglosses
-recoveryofVATinthepassengersector,
-difficulties forcomparability arisingfromthedifferentstructures,
activities,State/Railwayrelationships andStateinterventions .
39.Theusefulnessofthetransposedaccountsishighlighted bythefactthatthe
figuresusedinAnnexeI(b)tothisreportandtheconsequentanalyses,
aretakenfromtheTransposedAcounts.Thethirdreport(1979)onTransposed
AccountswillbepresentedtotheCouncilattheendof1981.
140.Regulation (EEC)2183/78onlayingdownsomeuniformcostingprinciples
forrailwayundertakings has,becauseofitslimitedscope(i.e."uniform
costingprinciplesshouldapplytointernational freighttransportinfull
trainloads),remainedlittleused.TheCommissionhoweverintends,with
theaidoftheAdvisoryCommitteeestablishedtoassistintheapplication
ofthisregulation,toexaminepossibleimprovements andextensionstothe
regulation
41.OnthebasisofArt.11§2oftheDecisiontheCommissionpresentedits
reportontheobjectivestobepursuedinthelongtermandthemeasures
tobetakentopromoteinthecontextofcooperationpartialortotalintegration
2ofrailwayundertakings atCommunityleveltotheCouncilon26April1979.
TheCouncil,inDecember1979,notedthereport.
42.TheEuropeanParliament,onthebasisofthatreport,adoptedaresolution3on
railwaycooperationinwhichitinvitestheCommissiontopresentareport
oncooperation bytheendof1981andespeciallyontheobstaclestocloser
cooperation.
Thisreporthasbeenmentionedinparagraph33asanactionconductedby
bynationalandCommunitybodies.
10JVol258/1of21.9.1978
,COM(79)205final
0JNoC197/73of4.8.1980

-20-
43.Onthebasisofart.15paragraphs !and2ofthe1975Decision two
1-2proposals havebeenpresented ;thesearecurrently underdiscussion in
theCouncil .
Art.15§1provides "Before1.1.1980 theCommission takingaccountofthe
particular conditions affecting theroleandimportance oftherailways
ineachState,shallsubmittotheCouncil suchproposals asitdeemsne­
cessarytofixthetimelimitandconditions forachieving thefinancial
balanceofrailwayundertakings ".TheCommission considers thatfinancial
balance mustbeappreciated inthecontextoftheprofitandlossaccount.
Theproposal consists ofanumberofsections describing thestepstobe
takenduringthevarious stagesleading uptotheachievement offinancial
balance,inparticular theclarification andharmonization ofthefinancial
relations betweenrailways andStates,theconditions forthegranting of
deficitsubsidies andthesettingofatime-limit fortheachievement of
financial balance.Inaddition,inordertocarryoutsomeofthesemeasures
itwillbenecessary tomakesomechangestotheCouncilDecision of
20May1975;thesechanges shouldbeadoptedatthesametimeastheproposal
foraRegulation .Theyrelateinparticular tothestructure of,andprocedure
for,preparing business andfinancial programmes .
44.Article 15(2)oftheCouncilDecision of20May1975ontheimprovement of
thesituation ofrailwayundertakings andtheharmonization ofrulesgoverning
financial relations between suchundertakings andtheStateslaysdownthat
theCommission "shallsubmitproposals totheCouncilconcerning inparti­
culartheadaptation ofRegulations (EEC)No1191/69and(EEC)No1107/70
inordertotakeaccount,withintheframework ofthelinkswhichexistbe­
tweentransport andothereconomic andsocialsectors,oftheobligations
inherent intheconceptofapublicservicetowhichrailways couldbe
subject".
lojNoC37of20.2.1981
0JNoC268of20.9.1981

-21-
45.Takingaccountofthedifferent resultsachieved intheMemberStates
byapplying theexistingcriteria fortermination ormaintenance of
publicserviceobligations theCommission hasproposed tospecifythese
criteria,especially provision ofadequate transport services,public
interest andleastcostfortheCommunity .

-22-
CONCLUSIONS
46.Toconcludethissectionofthereportitmayberecalled thattheCommission
has,incompliance withArt.14oftheCouncilDecision of20May1975re­
portedon:
-theapplication ofRegulation (EEC)1191/69onpublicserviceobligations ,
Regulation (EEC)1192/69onthenormalisation ofrailwayaccounts and
Regulation (EEC)1107/70onAidstoTransport
-theimplementation byCommunity andnational authroities oftheprovisions
oftheDecision .
47.Withinthecontextofthemainpolicyobjectives layeddownintheRailway
Memorandum anattempt hasbeenmadetoexamine andoutlinethelegislative
instruments fortheirattainment .Itcanbenotedthatproposals havebeen
made
-topromote combined transport
-tosetthetimelimitandconditions fortheachievement offinancial
balance
-toamendRegulation 1191/69onpublicserviceobligations .Theaimisto
introduce morequantitative decision makingindetermining theextentof
thepublicservicesectorofrailwayactivities andtherebygreaterfinancial
accountability .
48.Considerable effortsarebeinglnade :
-topromoteco-operation betweenrailwayundertakings ,
-toimprovecollaboration andbuildconfidence bytheestablishment of
reliable accounting andcostinginformation
-toensuretheorderlyandcosteffective development ofrailwayinfra­
structure .
C0M(80)796final

-23-
49.Totheseends,theCommissionisworkinginclosecollaboration with
MemberStates,RailwayUndertakings,TradeUnionsandUserGroups
toensurethattheEuropeanCommunities areservedbyefficient
railways,meetingmarketrequirements atthelowestcosttotheir
citizens.

-24-
PARTII
EconomicandFinancialSituationofRailways
intheCommunity
1977-1979
(a)MarketEvolution
50.CompletefiguresontheevolutionoftheCommunitytransportmarketandthe
relativesharesofthethreelandbasedmodesoftransportremainunavailable
AnnexeII,usingEECStatisticalOfficefigures,providesthemostrecent
figuresavailableforgoodstraffic.
51.Thefiguresrevealthedeclineoftherailwaysrelativeshareofthegoods
marketoverthefifteenyearperiod1965-1979 *Itisparticularly relevant
toobservethat,since1974,therailways'relativeshareofthemarkethas
declinedmorerapidlythaninthepreviousdecadewhilstroadhasincreased
itssharebysome7X.In1979howeveritappearsthattherailwayswere
abletohaltthedelineandstabilizetheirmarketshare.
52.TheCommunityMemorandum onRailwaysdrewspecificattentiontotheneedfor
railwaystoadapttheirservicestomarketrequirements .BusinessPlans
communicated totheCommissionappeartoreflectatendencyforrailwaysto
bemovinginthatdirectionbutgreaterresponsiveness toconsumerdemands
willbenecessaryifthemarketshares lostaretoberegained.
53.Currenttrends,observablefromtheCommunities ownMarketObservation System,
wouldsuggestthatforfreighttraffic,theincreasingshareofroadtransport
willbehaltedinfavouroftransportbywaterwayandrailway.Thepriortrend
wasaconsequence ofspecificstructuralchangeswhichtookplaceintherecent
past.Inrecentyearsthestructuralproblemsinthesteelindustryhavein­
fluencedtransportbyrailandwaterwaymorethantransportbyroad.Sincethe
goodstransported byroadaredifferentfromthoseproducedbythesectorsin
deepestrecession,thismodehasbeenabletoimproveitsmarketshare.Dueto
thebettergrowthperspectives for1982,thetwoothermodesareinaposition
toregainamarketshare.

-25-
(b)Financial TrendsofRailwayUndertakings 1977-1979
54.Annexes 1(a)andCb)andIIIrecord :
-compensations ,aidsandotherfinancial assistance grantedbyMemberStates
torailwayundertakings
-profiles ofnational undertakings whichshowthescaleofoperations of
eachnetwork,capitalstructures ,operational expenses andfinancial
results
-financial trendsofrailwayundertakings usingcertainkeyindicators .
55.Afewpreliminary comments ondatasourcesareapposite .
-SourcedataforAnnexeI(a)arereturnssubmitted byMemberStatesunder
provisions ofRegulation (EEC)1191/69onpublicserviceobligations ,
Regulation (EEC)1192/69onnormalization ofrailwayaccounts andRegu­
lation1107/70onAidstoTransport .Inallcasesthefigures usedare
thoseconfirmed ascorrectatJuly1st,1981.
-Financial figures usedinAnnexeI(b)aretakendirectly fromtheTrans­
posedAccounts oftheyearsunderconsideration .
-Differences inStatepayments between Annexes 1(a)andKb)arisefromthe
inclusion ofcapitalgrants,VAT+directpensionpaymentstoindependent funds
underRegulation 1107/70inAnnexe1(a)whilstAnnexeKb)onlyincludes
profitandlossaccountfigures asrecorded intheTransposed Accounts .
-Directcomparisons shouldnotbemadebetweenrailwayundertakings onthe
basisofthesefigures.Theintention israthertoprovide adatabasis
fromwhichcommonproblems andsimilartrendscanbeidentified .
56.Fromthefinancial resultsofrailwayundertakings thefollowing trendsare
discernable :
-Withtwoexceptions ,DBandNS,whereexpenditure isinlinewithinflation,
expenditure ofrailwayundertakings isrisingfasterthantherateofin­
flationinMemberStates.SpecificdetailsareshowninTableIofAnnexeIII.

-26-
-Personnel costsstillrepresent ahighpercentage ofoperating expenditures
(seeTableIIofAnnexeIII).Significant improvements however havebeen
achieved incertain cases-CIE,DBandSNCB.Directcomparisons should
however beavoidedsince,forDB,CFLandSNCB,personnel expenditure in­
cludesdirectpension payments madebytheundertaking whichare
underRegulation 1192/69.
-Withtwosignificant exceptions (CIE .)self-generated receipts
(seeTableIIIofAnnexeIII)haveincreased eitheratthesamerateor
fasterthantotalexpenditures ,asrecorded intheprofitandlossaccount.
Thisencouraging trendisalsoreflected intheratiobetweenselfgenerated revenue
andtheundertakings *totaloperational revenue (TableVofAnnexeIII).
-Compensations andAids(bothforoperational andcapitalpurposes )
continue toincrease .Substantial increases arerecorded
overthethreeyearperiodunderconsideration forBRB,DBandCIE(TableIV
ofAnnexeIII).
-Interest payments,withoneexception (DB)continue togrow,therebyincreasing
thefinancial burdensofrailwayundertakings (TableVIIofAnnexeIII).
57.Thecomparative ratiosestablished inthisreportarebasedonfigurestakenfrom
theoperational accounts ofrailwayundertakings .TheCommission
cannotyetestablish reliable comparative ratiosforBalanceSheetanalysis .
Themajordifferences ,bothstructural andhistoric (State/Railwayrelationships ,
legalandfinancial structures ofrailwayundertakings ,inherentobligations ,
degreeofStatefinancial intervention )impedeestablishment ofcomparative
data.TheCommission 'sservices,withtheAdvisory Committee onAccounting set
upunderRegulation 2830/77,areexamining waysandmeanstoestablish comparative
criteria andmakingtheaccounts ofrailwayundertakings moretransparent .
(c)Conclusions
58.Regretably itmustberecorded onceagainthatfortheperiodunderconsidera­
tion1977-1979 theeconomic andfinancial situation oftherailwayundertakings
ofEuropehasimprovedlittle.Theirrelative shareofthegoodsmarketfellby
15$,andcompensations andaidscontinued,ingeneral,toincrease.Thereare

-27-
howeversignsthatincertainMemberStatesthesituationisbeingtackledand
thedeclineofrailwaysstabilized.1979sawthemarketshareheld,self-
generatedrevenuesasa%oftotaloperational revenueincreased,andinvest­
mentlevelsmaintainedbutmuchremainstobedoneifrailwaysaretoimprove
theirfinancialsituation.TheCommissionconsidersthattheobjectivesof
itsMemorandumremainvalidandthemeansoutlinedbothappropriate and
validfortheirattainment.
59.TheCommissionproposesthattheCounciltakenoteanddiscussthesuggestions
andorientations outlinedinthisreport.

ANNEXIa)
COMPENSATIONS ,AIDSANDOTHERFINANCIAL INTERVENTIONS
GRANTED BYTHESTATES TOTHERAILWAY UNDERTAKINGS

2-
ANNEXIa)
COMPENSATIONS ,AIDSANDQTH7RFINANCIAL INTERVENTIONS GRANTED BYTHESTATE
TOTHESOCIETE NATIQNALE PESCHEMINS DEFERBELGES (SNCB)
(Source:communication fromtheBelgiangovernment )(inmillionnationalcurrency)
.
1977 ,1978v1979!
A.MAINTENANCE OFPUBLIC SERVICE OBLI­
GATIONS-Req.(EEC)Nr1191/69
Obligation tooperate
Continued operation oflines 1126 1600 1744
Tarifobligation16510 15947 17608 "
Student seasontickets
Seasonticketscertainsocialcategories
Individual reductions
Belgium-Luxemburg tariffs
Flanders-Zeland tariffs
Fullfaretickets (refusaloftariff
increase )
Ordinary seasontickets1273
5765
1956
25
1
5384
2106899
5340
2073
29
1
5368
22371202
5505
2308
25
1
6222
2345
17636 17547 19352
B.NORMALIZATION OFTHEACCOUNTS OFTHE
RAILWAYS-Reg.(EEC)Nr1192/69
ClassIII-Retirements &otherpensions
ClassIV-crossingfacilities11333
29811822
26112604
289i
!
ClassXIII-wardamage
ClassX-recognition servicetocountry16
3916
3416
33ι
ClassXI-additional familyallowances
ClassXII-a)medical treatment
b)occupational injuries
ClassXV-Financia ;charges :
a)lackofnormalization in
thepast
b)shortfall inprovisions
forrenewal9
1926
.80
160
26322
1963
84
213
28324
2000
81
183
263\
ΐ
ι
i
r14124 14698 15493 .i
C.·AIDSTOTRANSPORT
Regulation (EEC)Nr1107/70ι
i
I
Art.3§1b:Infrastructure costs
Art.3§2:ECSCtariffs (tokenentry)
Transporting passengers by
busseslaidonbytherailways
Art.4. :Financial burden
Loansforcovering accumula -
teddeficits anddelayed renewal6180
517
226
1817
891'6769
1907
14616797
m»
2228
1108(
ι
I
ι
Certaintaxexemptions -16-20-19■
1
TOTAL9615
4137510117
fc236210114
44959ι

-3-ANNEXIa)
COMPENSATIONS ,AIDSANDOTHERFINANCIAL INTERVENTIONS GRANTED BYTHESTATE
TOTHEDANSKE STATSBANER (DSB)
(Source:communication fromtheDanishgovernment )(inmillionnational currency )
A.MAINTENANCE OFPUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGA-1977/781.4/31.12
1978I
1979
TIONS
regulation (EEC)No1191/69
706 437 782
B.NORMALIZATION OFTHEACCOUNTS OFTHE
RAILWAYS
regulation (EEC)No1192/69*
-ClassIX-staffsurplustorequirements 20,0 19,Í
-ClassX-recognition ofservices to
thecountry0,4'
-CUisXI-allowances tostafi 10,6 11/212,0
ι
I
40,0 31,G12,0 I
C.AIDSTOTRANSPORT
regulation (EEC)No1107/70
-Art.381b:Infrastructure Invest-
ment180 154 215I
TOTAL 926
KS·622
ssa1009{
I

ANNEXIa)
COMPENSATIONS /.AIDSANDOTHERFINANCIAL INTERVENTIONS GRANTED BY
THESTATE TOTHEDEUTSCHE BUNDESBAHN (DB)
(Source:communication fromtheGermanFederalGovernment )(inmillionnational currency )
A.MAINTENANCE OFPUBLIC SERVICE
OBLIGATIONS -Reg.(EEC)No1191/69
Obligation tooperate
Continuation ofshort-distance pas­
sengertransport operations
Operation oflinesforwhichclosu­
rehasbeenproposed
Combined transport
Tarifobligation
Reductions forcertaincategories
ofpersons
Lossofreceipts duetotheSaarta­
riffsforthecarriage ofECSCproducts
Lossofreceipts duetodrought
Freetransport ofItalians duetoelec­
tion1976
B.NC(v'iALIZATION OFTHEACCOUNTS OFTHE
RAILWAYS -Reg.(EEC)No1192/69
ClassIII-Retirement
-Pensions
-supplementary pensionfor ■
workers
ClassIV-Crossingfacilities
ClassV-Staffsurplus
Cla'-sXII-Medical treatment
C.-AIDSTOTRANSPORT
Regulation (EEC)Nr1107/70
Art.3§2-Compensation oftariffsfor
-jsservices carried outbyrailways
Art.4-Repayment ofinterest onloans
contracted inthepastfor
financing purposes (allowan­
cesasowners)
-Contribution totheinvestments
constituting anincreasein.capital
-Allowance forthemaintenance
ofliquidity
Compensation fortaxesonmineraloilused
byrailwayengines
TOTAL1977
2604
2603
116
94
20
1
1
2720
2173
463
328
390
3359
20
1405
2579
949
279
5232
113111978
2871
2869
97
80
17
2968
2369
446
328
401
21
5
3570
21
1508
2835
2284
2741979
2920
2916
111
74
37
6922
134603031
2734
409
336
415
37
4
3935
144
1603
4103
1469
2811
7600
14566

ANNEX ,1a)
COMPENSATIONS ,AIDSANDOTHERFINANCIAL INTERVENTIONS GRANTED BYTHE
STATE TOTHESOCIETE NATIQNALE PESCHEMINS DEFERFRANCAI S(SNCF)
(Source :communication fromtheFrenchgovernment )(inmillionnational currency )
II
1977I1978 1979I
A.MAINTENANCE OFPUBLIC SERVICE OBLI­
GATIONS-Reg.(EEC)No1191/69 ι
Ii
1
j
ί
t
¡
Obligation tooperate1
1986,4 2074,1 2326,9
-fornational defense
-unprofitable localservices
-unprofitable localservice-reor-
ganization bylocalauthorities-Parissuburbs1442,4
10,4
I
1
529,54,3
1551,9
41,4
476,54,6
1657,0
230,3
435,0■
Obligation tocarry
Iι
Tariffobligation
Réductions forpassengers :
-Members ofthearmedforces
-prisonners underescort
-spouse &chiLdrenofretired persons
-Othertariffreductions1402.5 1594.2 1707.6
684,5
5,0
11,7
654,3793,1
4,9
13,8
729,7806,4
4,8
16,3
820,7
Seducedtariffs onnewspapers 47,052,759,4ι
3388,93668,34034,5i
B.NORMALIZATION OFTHEACCOUNTS
Regulation (EEC)Uo1192/69t
1
ClassIII-Retirement &otherpensions
ClassIV-Crossingfacilities4914,5
399,55545,1
409,46315,0
425,6I
i
1
1
5314,0 5954,5 6740,61
1
C.AIDSTOTRANSPORT
Regjlation(EEC)No1107/701
1
Art.3S1b-Aidsforinfrastructure
investments
Art.3§1c-Granttowards research-
combined transport
Art.3§2-Tariffobligations not
covered byRegulation
(EEC)No1191/69
Art.4-Balancing subsidies2136,3
5,0
»1913,0
1587,02513,9
6,2
703/0
2472,03495,7
17,0
3300,01
1
1
1
i
»
1
i
i
»
1
5641,3 5495,16812,7
TOTAL2ilhélimiéïlllilA

ANNEX Ia)
-6-
COMPENSATIONS ,.AIDS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERVENTIONS GRANTED BYTHE
STATE TOTHE CORAS IQMPAIR EIREANN CCIE )
(Source :communication from theIrish government )(inmillion national currency )
1977 1978 1979 *
A.MAINTENANCE OFPUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGA­
TIONS -Reg .(EEC )No1191 /69
Obligation tooperate
-raiIpassenger services 13,8 14,8 17,1
B.NORMALIZATION OFTHE ACCOUNTS OFTHE
RAILWAYS -Reg .(EEC )No1192 /69
elass III-retirements &other pensions
Class IV-crossing facilities2,1
0,32,6
0,43,3
0,5
... - 2,4 3,0 3,8
C.AIDS TOTRANSPORT
Rcç .(EEC )No1107 /70
Art .3S1b:50%infrastructure
grant2,0 2/2 2,8
Art .3S2 :Grants inrespect ofCIE's
road passenger services5,3 6,4 16,7
Art .4 :Balancing subsidy 9,6 11,1 15,5
16,9 19,7 35,0
TOTAL 33,1 37,5 55,9I
*
estimatet

7-ANNEXIa)
COMPENSATIONS ,AIDSANDOTHERFINANCIAL INTERVENTIONS GRANTED
BYTHESTATE TOTHEAZIENDA AUTONQMA DELLEFERROVIE DELLOSTATO(FS)
(Source :communication fromtheItaliangovernment )(inmillionnat."currency ^
1977 1978 1979
MAINTENANCE OFPUBLIC SERVICE
OBLIGATIONS -Reg.(EEC)No1191/69
Obligation tooperate 180608 219345 304702
-lineswithlowdensity
-nonprofitable activities164523
7842198016
9775274642
11372
-service toSardinia
-roadtransport replacerailtransport7816
42710981
57318131
557«I
5
1
Obligation tocarry
-carriage ofmail 27650 32931 348621
i
1■i
!
Tarifobi.gation 273414 340402 466048 !
-tarifobligation
-socialtarifs102086
17132896360
244042I
124524
341524ι
481672 592678 805612i
NORMALIZATION OFTHEACCOUNTS OFTHE
RAILWAYS -Reg.(EEC)No1192/69i
Cl"»ssII-Expenditure ofasocial
nature
ClassIII-Retirements andotherpensions
ClassIV-crossingfacilities6217
47720
255788395
51022
2735911383
77272
33705I
s
CiáisX-Recognition ofservices tothe
country
ClassXIV-imposedconditions
ClassXV-lackofnormalization inthe
past17105
8421
27656116874
14799
24800824483
19824
249439î
1
i ;
i
381602 366457 416106
i i
AIDSTOTRANSPORT
reg.(EEC)No1107/70I ι
Art.4-capitalgrant
-aidsforamortization ofinvest-
mentloans
-balancing subsidies
-unforseen costinbudget(staff
cost,costsofrepairsfollowing
floodsandearthquakes /etc.)135416
986059
22275030000
166311
1294945
12122930000
221527
1216914
191886t
i
j
Exemption fromfueltax-rail 4376 4345 4333
1
' 1348601 1616830 1664660j.
TOTAL 25Γ5965
1 I

ANNEXIa)
-8
COMPENSATIONS ,AIDSANDOTHERFINANCIAL INTERVENTIONS GRANTED BYTHESTATE
TOTHESOCIETE NATIONALE DESCHEMINS DEFERLUXEMBOURGEOIS (CFL)
(Source:communication fromthegoverrment ofLuxemburg )(inmillionnational cuiroiu
1977
A.MAINTENANCE OFPUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGA­
TIONS-Regulation (EEC)No1191/69
Obligation tooperate
-Continued operation ofpassenger
transport
B.NORMALISATION OFTHEACCOUNTS OFTHE
RAILWAYS ~Regulation (EEC)No1192/69
CassII-Expenditure ofasocialnature
ClassIII-Retirement andotherpensions
ClassIV-Crossingfacilities'
ClassX-Recognition ofservices tothe
country
ClassXV-Burdensresulting fromlackof
normalization inthepast
C-AIDSTOTRANSPORT
Regulation (EEC)No1107/70
Art.4-Balancing subsidies
TOTAL930,1
33,5
1577,4
37,0
0,1
4,8
1652,8
1036,5
3619,41978 1979
1597,0
32,3
1658,2
23,5
0,1
4,81629,1
32,*
1383,4
7,7
4,6
1718,9
320,0
3635,91428,3
699,8
3757,2

-9-ANNEXIa)
COMPENSATIONS ,AIDSANDOTHERFINANCIAL INTERVENTIONS GRANTED BYTHE
STATE TOTHENAAMLOZE VENOOTSCHAP NEDERLANDSE SPOORWEGEN (NS)
'Source :communication fromtheDutchgovernment )Cinmillionnational currency )
–Γ
*977 1978 1979
A.MAINTENANCE OFPUBLIC SERVICE OBLI­
GATIONS-Reg.(EEC)No1191/69-
Compensation grantedforcontinuation
ofpassenger transport710,6 738,2 704,0
-directgrantforinvestment innew
lines82,9 204,9
u-NORMALIZATION OFTHEACCOUNTS OFTHE
RAILWAYS -Reg.(EEC)No1192/69710,6 821,1 908,9
ClassIII-Pensions (*)
ClassIv-Crossingfacilities201,0
38,6200,0
43,5219,0
44,2
;
C*AÏDSTOTRANSPORT
Rtdulation (EEC)No1107/70239,6 243,5 263,2 I
1
1
Î
Art.4-Stateinterest charges concer-
ninglossesuntil1972incl.64,0 58,0 55,0)
1
1
1
-Amortization ofthesedebts 81,0 42,0 37,0 i
-Activities notcovered by
publicserviceobligations162,0 149,8 124,1!
i
-Lossesduringtheperiod
1973-197542,1 42,1 42,1»
1
!
349,1 291,9258,2ιι
TOTAL 1299,3
BSSSSI1356,5
scassa1430,3I
(*)Amountgiventoaseparate
railwaypension fund

ANNEX Ia)
COMPENSATIONS ,AIDS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERVENTIONS GRANTED BYTHE
STATE TOTHE BRI' ISH RAILWAYS BOARD (BRfl )
(Source :communication from theBritish government )(inmillion national currency )
1977 1978 1979I
A.MAINTENANCE OFPUBLIC OBLI­
GATIONS -reg. (EEC )No1191 /69-
Obligation tooperate 361,4 429,7 530,3
B.NOHNAL IΖΑιIONOFTHEACCOUNTS OF
THtRAILWAYS -reg. (EEC )No1192 /69
Class IV-Installations ofcrossings 10,1 10,3 13,0
C.AIDS TOTRANSPORT
reg. (EEC )No1107 /70
Art .3§1c-Research anddevelopment 2,1 2/1 2'4
Art .3ê2 -Capital grants towards pas-
senger transport improvement shemes5,9 2,4 1/8
Art .4 -Transitional deficit
grant5,4- -
i
Historic pension fund obligation106,9 117,7 129,6\
\
\
\
120,3 122,2 133,8!
1
491,8
S3SSS562,2 677,1i

-11-ANNEXIa)
COMPENSATIONS ,AIDSANDOTHERFINANCIAL INTERVENTIONS GRANTED BYTHESTATE
TOTHENORTHERN IRELAND .RAILWAYS (NIR)
(Source:communication fromthebritishgovernment )(inmillionnational currency )
1977 1978 1979I
A.MAINTENANCE OFPUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGA­
TIONS-Reg.(EEC )No1191/69
-Payment madebytheNorthern Ireland
Holding Coformaintenance ofpassen-
gerservice 0,23 0,03-0,03
-Compensating paymentforobligations
imposed bythecentral government 0,99 1,64 2,39
1,22 1,67 2,36
*
8.NORMALISATION OFTHEACCOUNTS OFTHE
RAILWAYS-Rag.(EEC)no1192/69
ClassIV-crossingfacilities 0,02 0,02 0,03
C.AID"TOTRANSPORT
Regulation (ΕΓ.ΟNo1107/70i
1
-Aidsfromeer.ralgovernment toimpro
oassengertransport3,10 5,85 1,59
··nidstotheNorthern IrelandHolding
Co0,02 0,01 0,02
3,12
4,365,06
7,551,61
4,001
i
í
ι
I

ANNEXIb)
STATISTICAL ANDFINANCIAL INFORMATION
ONTHENINERAILWAY UNDERTAKINGS

-2-
Information concerning theSNCB
Prof ileinfigures 1977 1978 1979
Length oflines 000km 4.0 4.0 4.0
Personnel 000 58.8 59.3 61I9
Passenger carried mi0179 171 163
Goods carried -t mio 58.8 63.6 74.3
Passenger /km mrdkm 7.3 7.1 7.0
Goods net tkm mrdkm 6.5 7.1 8.5
Revenue (mio FB)
Traffic revenue 20092 20355 22494
-Passenger revenue 7702 7877 7989
-Goods revenue 11974 12032 14045
Other revenue 14884 18962 18775
Self -generated revenue 349763931741269
State payments 38325 40295 42959
Operating income 73301 79612 84228
Expenditures (mio FB)
Operating expenses 62723 66235 71269
-Personnel cost 43879 47131 51651
Depreciation 8320 8526 8609
Interest 3382 3876 4071
Total expenditures 74425 78637 83949
Balance oftheexercise -1124 +975 +279
Asset sinuse (mio FB)
Long-term assets 69995 76941 83439
-Land andfixed installations 34103 36551 39565
-Transport stock 12701 14790 15507
-Other assets 23191 25600 28367
Working Capital 401 1295 2722
-Current assets 16600 18537 21361
-Current liabilities 16199 17242 18639
Total 70396 78236 86161
Firtanced by'nro FB)
Capi'.al and Capital liabilities
Reserves
Profit and loos account
Provi sions
Fund ;;Tor st-v ?f
Long-term debts
Capital employed14782 14775 14595
1673 1787 1910
-5790 -4815 -4536
25412 29782 34932
717 778 855
33602 35929 38405
70396 78236 86161

-3-
Information concerning theDSB
Prof ileinfigures 1977 1978 1979
Length oflines 000 km 2.5 2.5 2.5
Personnel 000 21.0 21.0 21.2
Passenger carried mio 89.4 50.9 32.0
Goods carried -t mio 6.9 6.6 6.8
Passenger /km mrd km 3.1 2.5 2.0
Goods net tkm mrd km 1.6 1.6 1.6
Revenue (rmo DKR )
Traffic revenue 1876 1617 2342
-Passenger revenue 1005 948 1373
-Goods revenue 810 620 904
Other revenue 313 286 392
Self -generated revenue 2189 1903 2734
State payments 926 622 1009
Operating income 3115 2525 3743
Expenditures (mio DKR )
Operating expenses 2677 2158 3221
-Personnel cost 1918 1552 2228
Depreci ation 154 128 187
Interest 284 239 335
Total expenditures 3115 2525 3743
Balance ofthe exercise –
Assets inuse (mio DKR )
Long-term assets 6793 7188 7795
-Land and fixed installations 3777 3969 4286
-Transport stock 2786 2969 3266
-Other assets 230 250 243
Working Capital 120 233 244
-Current assets 710 233 244
-Current liabilities 590 547 520
Total 6913 7421 8039
Financed by (mioDKR )
Capital andCapital liabilities
Reserves
Profit and loss account
Provi sions
Funds for staff
Long-term debts
Capital employed6913 7421 8039
6913 7421 8039

-4-
Information concerning theDB
Profileinfigures 1977 1978 1979
LengthofLines 000km 28.6 28.5 28.5
Personnel 000 366 350 337
Passenger carried mio 970 990 1025
Goodscarried-t mio 360 318 354
Passenger /km mrdkm 36i.O 36.3 37.2
Goodsnettkm mrdkm 54.8 56.3 65.1
Revenue (mioDM)
Traffic revenue 12344 12800 14175
-Passenger revenue 3963 4111 4486
-Goodsrevenue 8012 8322 9331
Otherrevenue 6183 6194 6220
Self-generated revenue 18527 18994 20393
Statepayments 7275 7735 8083
Operating income 25802 26729 28478
Expenditures (mioDM)
Operating expenses 26158 27107 27840
-Personnel cost 17877 18177 18770
Depreciation 1761 1769 1820
Interest 2407 2464 2394
Totalexpenditures 30326 31340 32054
Balance oftheexercise -4524-4611-3576
Assetsinuse(mioDM)
Long-term assets 48029 50082 51444
-Landandfixedinstallations 26561 28735 29944
-Transport stock 13275 13471 13588
-Otherassets 8193 7876 7912
WorkingCapital 1414 1094 1016
-Current assets 4811 4551 4445
-Currentliabilities 3397 3457 3429
Total 49443 51176 52460
Financed by(mioDM)
Capital andCapitalliabilities 19423 19791 19413
Reserves 2061 2717 4402
Profit andlossaccount -8398-9135-8187
Provisions 4396 5703 5801
Fundsforstaff - - -
Long-term debts 31961 32100 31031
Capital employed 49443 51176 52460

-5-
Information concerning theSNCF
Profileinfigures 1977 1978 1979
Lengthoflines 000km 34.2 34.2 34.1
Personnel 000 269 263 259
Passenger earned mio 673 684 688
Goodscarried-t mio 213 213 223
Passenger/km mrdkm 51.8 53.5 53.6
Goodsnettkm mrdkm 65.6 65.7 69.1
Revenue (mioFF)
Traffic revenue 17437 19916 22959
-Passenger revenue 7019 8145 9305
-Goodsrevenue 10108 11407 13280
Otherrevenue 3349 4799 5295
Self-generated revenue 21086 24715 28254
Statepayments 10458 10769 12548
Operating income 31244 35484 40802
Expenditures (mioFF)
Operating expenses 29217 31096 34780
-Personnel cost 19226 20887 23306
Depreciation 2296 3620 3626
Interest 1684 1893 2288
Totalexpenditures 32197 36603 40694
Balance oftheexercise •953-1119 108
Assetsinuse(mioFF)
Long-term assets 20052 63537 65039-Landandfixedinstallations11784 44150 44210
-Transport stock 4916 13886 13767
-Otherassets 3352 5501 70(2
WorkingCapital -2865-4188-4150
-Current assets 10878 12133 12835
-Currentliabilities13743 16321 16985
Total 17187 59349 60889
Financed by(mioFF)
Capital andCapitalliabilities 1454 1441 1428
Reserves3745 44705 43759
Profit andlossaccount -3711-4830-4722
Provisions10 3 10
Fundsforstaff –
Long-term debts 15689 18030 20414
Capital employed 17187 59349 60889

-6-
Information concerning the CIE
Prof iLeinfigures
Length ofLines 000 km
Personne L 000
Passenger carried mio
Goods carried -t mio
Passenger /km mrc jkm
Goods net tkm mrdkm
Revenue (inmio £IRL )
Traffic revenue
-Passenger revenue
-Goods revenue
Other revenue
SeLf -generated revenue
State payments
Operating income
Expenditures (inmio £IRL )
Operating expenses
-PersonneL cost
Dépréciation
Interest
TotaL expenditures
BaLance ofthe exercise
Assets inuse (inmio £IRL )
Long-term assets
-Land and fixed installations
-Transport stock
-Other assets
Working Capital
-Current assets
-Currertt liabilities
Total
Financed by (1nmio£IRL)
Capital and Capital liabilities
Reserves
Profit and loss account
Provi sions
Funds for staff
Long-term debts
Capital employed1977 1978 1979
2.0 2.0 2.0
18.6 18.1 17.9
14.7 15.9 17.9
3.6 3.8 3.8
0.9 1.0 1.1
0.6 0.6
82.3 93.3 102.2
58.5 67.1 73.7
23.1 25.1 27.4
17.2 18.6 25.4
99.5 111.9 127.6
33.2 37.7 56.0
132.7 149.6 183.6
119.9 135.9 170.9
78.6 88.2 105.1
8.8 9.3 9.9
4.5 4.6 5.0
133.2 149.8 185.8
-0-5 -0.2 -2.2
46.3 43.8 81.1
9.5 11.2 28.1
33.8 29.0 48.1
3.0 3.6 4.9
2.0 3.5 -1.5
24.7 32.1 41.2
22.7 28.6 42.7
48.3 47.3 79.6
24.0 26.0 29.4
5.1 4.0 12.8
-5.1 -5.4 -7.6
2.5 2.0 25.5
21.8 20.7 19.5
48.3 47.3 79.6

-7-
Information concerning the FS
Profile infigures 1977 1978 1979
Length oflines 000 km 16.2 16.1 16
Personnel 000 225 222 220
Passenger carried mio 394 390 386
Goods carried -t mio 54.6 55.6 56
Passenger /km mrd km 38.4 39.2 39
Goods net tkm mrd km 17.6 16.4 17
Revenue (mrd LIT )
Traffic revenue941 1074 1253
-Passenger revenue 577 650 751
-Goods revenue 362 427 501
Other revenue 501 658 732
Self -generated revenue 1442 1732 1985
State payments 1086 1080- 1705
Operating income 2528 2812 3690
Expenditures (mrc )L.m
Operating expenses 2801 3178 4053
-Personnel cost 1695 1944 2612
Depreciation 323 520 434
Interest 390 409 420
Total expenditures 3514 4107 490"*
Balance ofthe exercise -986 -1295 -1217
Assets inuse (mrd LIT )
Long-term assets 4815 5516 6303
-Land and fixed installations 2572 2895 3250
-Transport stock 1872 2201 2570
-Other assets 371 420 482
Working Capital 193 176 80
-Current assets 1576 1790 2569
-Current liabilities 1383 16142489
Total 5008 5692 6383
Financed by (mrdLIT )
Capital andCapital liabilities 4617 5748 6982
Reserves 1162 1414 1594
Profit and loss account -6413 -7521 -8632
Provi sions 2277 2654 2
Funds for staff- - –
Long-term debts3365 3397 3475
Capital employed5008 5692 6383

-8-
Information concerning theCFL
Prof île infigures 1977 1978 197-,
Length oflines 000 km 0.3 0.3 0.3
Personnel 000 4.16 4.12 4.17
Passenger carried mio 11.3 11.0 11.1
Goods carried -t mio 14.4 15.6 18.7
Passenger /km mrd km 0.2 0.2 0.2
Goods net tkm mrd km 0.6 0.7 0.7
Revenue (mio FB)
Traffic revenue 1467 1642 1834
-Passenger revenue 198 211 232
-Goods revenue 1269 1431 1602
Other revenue 111 151 1Ó3
Self -generated revenue 1578 1793 1997
State payments 3559 3567 3698
Operating income 5137 5360 5695
Expenditures (mio FB)
Operating expenses 4335 4721 5075
-Personnel cost 4079 4258 4561
Depreciation 165 532 560
Interest 164 165 167
Total expenditures 5213 5418 5802
Balance ofthe exercise -76 -58-107
Assets inuse (mio FB)
Long-term assets
-Land and fixed installations
-Transport stock
-Other assets
Working Capital
-Current assets
-Current liabilities
Total
Financed by("noFB)
andCapital
U'Il
profit and loss
l_qr>!ç:j-ijerjifi "debts
qapiiltë'il employed'τ^ΡΙγΙΙ !!!:Long-term debts
1-hHrfHil'\V
i!i;iii ■■riUi
ίί >Ρν;ι
ι!ίΐ|!■
•: ιΗ :ΜΙ!'1«IΊ
l!;M,r!:i !V:M\\v
^111ilfi11;i':5 i :V
account2679
697
1558
424
1308
1925
617
3987
-14Í
35
!i!!i
*lll !
iiJiîiî'j' .2863
692
1489
682
1044
1861
817
3907
m
141
I I IIιj !688
WM \
w.11!
I
.•Ml !
iii.il3134
673
1408
1053
815
20^3
1228
3949
■¡lillP&i!' !
Illlli:
fil

-9-
Information concerning theNS
Profileinfigures
Lengthoflines
Personne L
Passenger carried
Goodscarried-t
Passenger /km
Goodsnettkm000km
000
mio
mio
mrdkm
mrdkm1977
2.9
26.3
171
17.7
8.0
1.-11978
2.9
26.1
176
18.2
8.2
1.11979
2.9
26.3
186
21.7
8.5
1.1
Revenue (mioHFL)
Traffic revenue
-Passenger revenue
-Goodsrevenue
Otherrevenue
Self-generated revenue
Statepayments
Operating income968
676
257
274
1242
906
21481014
709
271
291
1305
928
22331117
772
314
302
1419
866
2285
Expenditures (mioHFL)
Operating expenses
-Personnel cost
Depreciation
Interest
Totalexpenditures
Balance oftheexercise1717
1268
400
31
21481808
1342
399
28
2235
-2940
416
335
41
316
31
Assetsinuse(mioHFL)
Long-term assets
-Landandfixedinstallations
-Transport stock
-Otherassets
WorkingCapital
-Current assets
-Currentliabilities
Total096
976
700
420
209
707
498
305375
581
862
932
108
601
493
4834727
1755
746
2226
60
632
572
4787
Financed by(mioHFL)
Capital andCapitalliabilities
Reserves
Profit andlossaccount
Provisions
Fundsforstaff
Long-term debts
Capital employed539
852
81
24
809
305533
1992
-2
189
24
1747
4483528
1964
-31
597
29
1700
4787

-10-
Information concerning the BR
Prof ileinfigures 1977 1978 1979
Length oflines 000 km 18.0 17.9 18 .
Personne I 000 242 241 245
Passenger carried mio 702 724 742
Goods carried -t mio 170 170 169
Passenger /km mrd km 29.3 30.7 32 .
Goods net tkm mrd km 22.7 19.9 19 .
Revenue (mi0£)
Traffic revenue 1212 1409 1628
-Passenger revenue 707 844 965
-Goods revenue 470 528 623
Other revenue 120 340 400
Self -generated revenue 1332 1749 2028
State payments 376 447 538
Operating income 1708 2196 2566
Expenditures (minη
Operating expenses 1600 2046 2394
-Personnel cost 991 856 1377
Depreciation 37 94 109
Interest 44 50 63
Total expenditures1681 2190 2566
Balance ofthe exercise +27 +6
Assets inuse (mio £)
Long-term assets1294 1813 2124
-Land and fixed installations 329 466 508
-Transport stock 385 469 559
-Other assets 580 878 1057
Working Capital -57 -61 -87
-Current assets 299 358 427
-Current liabilities 356 419 514
Total 1237 1752 2037
Financed by(mio£)
Capital and Capital liabilities 331 342 383
Reserves 194 390 462
Profit and loss account 38 42 42
Provi sions 41 41 40
Funds for staff 531 786 946
Long-term debts 102 151 164
Capital employed1237 1752 2037

Markettrendsforthegoodsmarket1965-1979
(inmrdt/km)ANNEXII
Marketshares
Road InLandwaterway RaiLways MarketMarket
Index79/65Road%Ini.Waterw.%.Rail%
Year"6"IIÇM"6""Ç»i"6"MÇII"6*'tlÇII"6".tÇii"6""ÇII"6"MÇII"6"MÇII
1965
1970
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979169.2
224.8
361.8
277.6
267.5
286.8
305.5
328.8
366.6238.0
309.8
452.2
367.5
362.8
382.4
403.5
427.9
466.6186.5
101.2
101.4
105.3
94.7
95.6
99.0
104.0
102.8286.7
101.3
101.5
105.4
94.8
95.7
100.83
105.93
104.73162.94
176.9
174.5
181.8
148.0
158.4
153.4
156.4
170.55190.0
206.0
202.9
207.8
173.9
184.0
178.5
178.9
192.9418.6
502.9
637.7
564.7
510.2
540.8
557.9
589.1
639.9514.7
617.1
756.6
680.7
631.4
662.1
682.8
712.7
764.1100
120
152
153
122
129
133
141
153100
120
147
132
123
129
133
138
14840.4
44.7
56.7
49.2
52.4
53.0
54.8
55.8
57.346.2
50.2
59.8
54.0
57.0
57.8
59.1
60.0
61.120.7
20.1
15.9
18.6
18.6
17.7
17.7
17.7
16.116.8
16.4
13.4
15.5
15.0
14.4
14.8
14.9
13.738.9
35.2
27.4
32.2
29.0
29.3
27.5
26.5
26.637.0
33.4
26.8
30.5
27.6
27.8
26.1
25.1
25.2
Index
79/65217196119121105102152148Index79/6514213278826868
Tofillthegabs:UK+1003DK+1,7S+72.0
O J.1£5t.A-1*
Source:Eurostat

mani
rnu.ciu T.'U;
;Ict.i b>rallviywadtrtAlnQi
'(1r•Huc.-.s.ntlcnalcurrMcy)
BRBCFLCIEOBDSBFSC1)NS;NCBÌNCF
U/71ΙΛ5212IJ·..:3032c3V5O5142-Lt44-5«»'i
H.IVF
.>>TNDI»..ÍS1379 :í-.G58C21.5*320543704SA?2iv:V;9*3W534
Ini.«*1L.'J(7?·1ÜÓJir-"4-140 ICC12Π14010?11312«
If.;.<βί-.-.;u«rprie·*1ÍÍ::t122107 .21¡Λ'«T·109121
"Ctaff«»;,indltur«íc:;jrtdvittioarratlnq«»cndlturos
(in«llllor.i,nat'.-faiCurrency)
1979 BRBCFL0CIEDB!2)DSBFSCI;NSSNCBC2)SNCF
CÍ.'T 1W45111,5.11F77C2¿S2C12 141651£5123XS
Cw«r»t!f«g..'»croltyrwi2S4507517Ö\-FI27ËtG322140521940"M:c«Ä780
Tiretti:*urt1579a!9061676964737267
5lur·1977 i0060BSηUÎæSCU
V
!
TAFi.£III:let revenu·
(in«Uilons,nationalcurrency)
1979 BRBCFLCIEDBDSBFS(1)NSSNCBSNCF
¿ix'Ht«1977 132215?89£.ί>%SJ2Vi314421242*TF621C86
r^vidui1970 702819971Z7.52039327341«511:9412S9232*
ι¿<x1970 1S^m'»28HO"12513011411£134
indi»cfiota*•'otr.díti.ri1979
(1977-10G)15?111140lue120140IC«113126
Τ'ΟΙΓIV:CospiiMitUns,(Id*»nd«th«rflnincUltttIttanet.^jrth·States(2)
(l«ictlllon»,nationalcurrency)
ERBCFLCIEDBDSBFS(1)NSSNCBSNCF
Payaentt1977 402:61933.1!1131192622121299413751433*
?a<¿Mt$1979 677375755.S145f6100928881430443SI}17cæ
«.χ1979(1977.100)13610418?12910913211010!123
(i):1«IA.tf,:.*A4»UUoas
(2):t^.it;.k rxntlon?*Yt*Atsad*byth««ft^rtakUg»,mbjicitoAorftilitttaA vA4«r

'J•Ratiobetweenself-generated revenueandtheundertakings operating income1979
(inmillions national currency )T"' I ' 1
1979 BRB CFL CIE DB DSB FS(1)NS SNCB SNCF
(1)Self-generated revenue 20281997127.520393273«198514194126928254
(?)Statepayment 538369856.08083 10091705 8664295912548
<3>Operating income 25665695183.6284783743369022858422840802
(1)·100=%(1979)
(3)793569 72 73 54 62 49 69
1(1)'100=%(1977)
(3)783175 72 70 57 58 48
.67
TABLEVI:Ratiobetweenself-generated revenueandtheundertakings totalrevenue1979(2)
(inmillionsnational currency )
1979 BRB CFL CIE DB DSB FS(1)NS SNCB SNCF
(1)Self-generated revenue 20281997127.6203932734198514194126928254
(2)Statepayment 677375756.0145661009288614304495917508
^(3)Totalrevenue27055754183.6349593743487128498622845842!
(1)'100=%(1979)
(3)753569 58 73 41 50 48 61
(1)'100=%(1977)
(3)733075 62 70 40 49 46 60
TABLEVII:Interest charges (inmillions national currency )
BRB CFLCIÉ DB DSB FS(1)NSSNCB SNCF
Interest 1977 44164 4.52407 284390 313382!
1684
Interest 1979 63167 5.02394 335420 4140712288
Index1979(1977=100)143102111 99118 108 132 120 136
(ilSI*lu,thoutfjid «111loM
(2)tfiqurMtuooM«dbytk*suttt('«•«U»including capitalaids.

ANNEXEIV
GREECE
Thnsreportcoverstheperiod1977-1979.GreecewasnotaMemberoftheCommun
duringthisperiod.HoweverinrecognitionofitsadherencetotheEECfrom
1stJanuary1981itisconsideredusefultoinclude,forinformation,aprecis
ofthesituationofGreekrailwaysfortheyear1980.
Trafficeffectuatedduring1980wasslightlyreducedincomparisonwiththatof1979.Precisely
speaking,kilometricunits,i.e.thesumofpassenger-kilometres andton-kilometres ,amountedto
2.278million,comparedto2,371millioneffectuatedduring1979,thatistosayitdecreasedby
93millionkilometricunitsorby3.9%.
Thisunfavourabledevelopment intrafficduring1980doesnotconstituteafeaturetobemetinour
railwaysystemonly,butitisacharacteristic ofotherEuropeannetworksaswell,accordingtoformal
statisticaldataissuedbytheInternational UnionofRailways (UIC)andisduetothefollowing
reasons :
TheStatefinancialpolicy,whichunderthepressureofinflationarytrendsofoureconomytook
measureshavingresultedintheretardationofthetrafficdevelopment rate.
Theeverincreasingcompetitionexercisedbyprivatelyownedtrucks,thenumberofwhichiscon­
tinuouslyrisingandwhichareinapositiontooffercompetitivetariffsandsotodeprivethe
railwayofaconsiderable volumeoftraffic.
Theinadequacyofrollingstock.Theshortageofrollingstock,especiallyoftractiveunits,hadcon­
siderableimpacts,inparticularduringperiodsofmasstransports,anddidnotallowtherailwayto
fullyexploititsadvantagesagainstthetruckincasesofmasstransports .
Theresultantoftheeffectofallabovementioned factors,whichareexogenousandnotinfluencedby
ourrailwaysystem,impededoureffortstendingtoanincreaseinrailwaytrafficandsubstantially
contributedtotheformationofthefinaltrafficmagnitudes in1980asmentionedfurtherbelow .
However,thecontinuation oftheexecutionofdevelopment andmodernization worksonthemain
sectionAthens-Thessaloniki ,whichstartedin1978,constitutesapromisingprospect.
Theaboveworkscomprise :
Construction ofasecondtrackbetweenInoi-TithoreaandDomokos-Larissa ,ofatotallengthof
156km,withalignmentdeviations ,permittingattainmentofspeedsupto200km/h.
Installationofelectricallydrivensignallingsystemonthe412kmlongsectionInoi-Platy,outof
which121km,i.e.betweenTithoreaandDomokoswillberemotelycontrolled.
Theavailablerollingstock,aswellasresultsachievedduring1980-brieflyorwheneverpossible
showninfigures-arementionedfurtherbelow .
1.Rollingstock
DieselLocomotives 194
Railcars 119
Railcartrailers 85
Passengercoaches 450
Freightwagons 10,871
Severalotherrailwayvehicles 411
Cars-Buses 54
Trucks 178

-2- ANNEXIV
2.Traffic
a)Bvrailwav:
Passengers (inthousands ) 10,136
Passengerkilometres (inthousands ) 1,463.980
Tons(inthousands ) 3,646
Tonkilometres (inthousands ) 813,581
b)BybusesownedbyOSEorrentedones
servingunmixedbuslines:
Passengers (inthousands) 1,661
Passengerkilometres (Inthousands ) 469,599
3.Financialresults:
a)Expenditure (inmillionDrachmae )
Operational 7,841
Amortizations 4708,311
b)Receipts(inmillionDrachmae )
Operational 4,612
Stateparticipation I.J'i/P
Amortizations 4706,458
<;)DeficitcoveredbytheState(inmillionDrachmae ) 1,85?
4.TrackandStructures :
Amountspentontrackworks(inmillionDrachmae ) 402
5.Expensesforpurchasesofmaterials
OutofMasterBudgetfunds(inmillionDrachmae ) 802
OutofPublicInvestmentBudgetfunds(inmillionDrachmae ) 780
6.Staff
ThenumberofStaff,permanentandrelief,amountedto12,140employeeson31.12.1980 .
7.Management informationSystems(Informatique )–ElectronicDataProcessing :
Theelaborationofstudiesforthedevelopment ofinformationsystemswenton.Saidinformation
systemsreferto:
electronicseatreservationandticketissuing.
–Personnelmanagement ,
–freighttrafficmanagement ,throughturnroundcheckingofallwagonswhichrunonthestandard
gaugeline,and
rnaterialmanagement .
8.Planning
TheconceptoftheHellenicRailwayslongtermmodernization programmestartedbeingimplemen­
tedatafirststagein1978andsincethenithasbeencarriedon,comprisingworksforthelayingofa
secondtrackonthesectionsInoi-Tithorea andDomokos-Larissa ,withsimultaneous improvement of
alignmenttopermitspeedsupto200km/h.
Inthemeantimeashortterm"Electrification andModernization ProgrammeoftheHellenic
Railways"wasapprovedbytheGovernmentauthorities .
Theworkstobecarriedoutincludethefollowing :
–Impmvements inthetrackonThessaloniki-ldomeni section
–Improvements inthetrackonPlaty-Thessaloniki section.
–DoublingofthetrackonLarissa-Platy section.
–Electrification ofIdomeni-Thessaloniki -Larissasection.
Puichciseofelec'rklocomotives .
Relevantstudioshavealreadystartedbeingelaborated,whileformalproceduresforthetenderingof
therequiredworkswithprovisionfortheirbeingfinancedareabouttofinish.