COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
C0M(91) 281 filial - SYN 352 
Brussels, 22 July 1991 
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL 
relating to a COUNCIL RESOLUTION 
concerning act Ivit les to be undertaken by the 
Joint Research Centre (JRC) 
Proposal for a 
COUNCIL DECISION 
adopting specific research programmes to be 
implemented by the Joint Research Centre 
for the European Economic Community (1992-1994) - SYN 352 
*9k Proposal for a 
COUNCIL DECISION 
adopting specific research programmes to be 
implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the 
European Atomic Energy Community (1992-1994) 
Proposal for a 
COUNCIL DECISION 
adopting a supplementary research programme to be 
implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the 
European Atomic Energy Community 
(presented by the Commission) 
JRC PROGRAMME 
PROPOSAL 
1992 - 1994 
I. INTRODUCTION - SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES 
II. ORGANISATION AND RESOURCES 
III. PROPOSALS FOR COUNCIL RESOLUTION 
AND DECISIONS 
Technical Annex: Scientific-Technical Work 
(Institute by Institute) 
Financial Statements 
Statement of Impact on Competitiveness 
and Employment 
CHAPTER I 
INTRODUCTION - SCIENTIFIC 
OBJECTIVES 
INTRODUCTION 
1. This document contains the proposal of the Commission for the activities to 
be undertaken by the JRC (Joint Research Centre) during the period 
1992-1994. 
2. In 1988, following an in-depth examination of the JRC by a panel of Senior 
Industrialists, the Commission engaged in a major restructuration of the JRC 
and since that period, with the approval of the CounciP and the Parliament2 
the JRC has undertaken four distinct types of activity: 
specific research programmes under the Framework Programme3; 
scientific and technical work in support of other services of the 
Commission; 
contractual work for external third parties; 
exploratory research. 
3. For the future, it is proposed to pursue these four types of activity and whilst 
only specific research programmes under the Framework Programme and 
the Euratom supplementary programme for the exploitation of the HFR 
reactor (contributing to the activity Contractual Work for External Third 
Parties) require Council Decisions under the relevant Treaties' procedures, it 
appears opportune that the Commission's proposals for such decisions be 
inserted in a general framework describing how the JRC intends to operate 
as a whole; for that purpose, and in the same way as in 1988, the overall 
activities of the JRC should be the object of a Council Resolution. 
4. Having set the restructuration well under way, the Commission wishes to 
adopt a long-term view on the role of the JRC in the European Community 
and its proposal for the period 1992-1994, synchronised with the Third 
Framework Programme, has been established within the frame of a longer-
term strateqy to the year 2000. This strategy will be summarized in the next 
section of tnis document. 
In terms of the operations of the JRC, the most significant feature has been 
the reorganisation into Institutes which have become the backbone of the 
new system; hence, the detailed presentation of JRC overall activities for 
1992-1994 will be made in the Technical Annex on an Institute by Institute 
basis. 
ACHIEVEMENTS SINCE 1988 
6. The proposals for the period 1992-1994 are firmly based on an in-depth 
analysis of the current achievements of the JRC compared to the specific 
objectives set for it by Council in 1988. In particular, they take into account 
the status of work in progress and which has been reported in the successive 
JRC Annual Reports for the years 1988,1989 and 1990. 
( 1 ) see Council Resolution of 29. 1988 No 88/C 197/03 in OJ No C 197/4. 
(2) see Legislative Resolution embodying the Opinion of the European Parliament in OJ No 
C/94/31, 11.4.1988, p. 74 
(3) see Council Decisions of 14 10 1988 No 88/521/EEC in OJ No L 286/29 and No 88/522/Euratom in 
OJ No L 286/33 
-2 
7. Furthermore, they also take into account the guidance received from the 
evaluation carried out at mid-programme "by a high level panel of 
independent experts, led by Dr. Harry Beckers of Shell International. This 
evaluation was performed under the terms of the Council Decisions on the 
1988-1991 Programme and, accompanied by the observations of the Board 
of Governors, was presented by the Commission to the Council and 
European Parliament on 16th January 1990. It gave rise to long term 
strategic planning for the JRC and a streamlining of its internal structure, 
notably by the merging of two of the Institutes into the Institute for Systems 
Engineering and Informatics. The panel recommendations also led to an 
extension and intensification of the customer/contractor principle, both 
with regard to the support for Commission activities and to relations 
between the JRC Institutes and the JRC's general services. Finally, where 
Commission or Community regulations are concerned, additional flexibility 
in the administrative procedures was introduced, particularly in respect of 
recruitment. 
8. As required by f Council Decisions, a final overall evaluation will be 
undertaken at th.- end of 1991 to determine progress during the period 
since 1988. In pdrticular, this will assess the scientific, technical and 
economic results of the research undertaken with specific reference to the 
objectives set by the Council in 1988, and also the cost-effetiveness of the 
JRC's activities, taking into account the impact of the administrative and 
financial restructuration which has been implemented since 1988. In 
agreement with the Board of Governors an evaluation panel has already 
been nominated, and it is chaired by Sir Hermann Bondi, FRS. 
WHAT STRATEGY FOR THE JRC UP TO THE YEAR 2000 ? 
9. The Commission considers that the remit of the JRC for the years to come 
should be to conduct basic/strategic and applied/target oriented research as 
an integral part of the European Science and Technology system. It should 
follow the basic principles of customer/contractor and subsidiarity with the 
following characteristics: 
scientific and technical excellence; 
neutrality and independence; 
unique research facilities; 
openness to all Community Member States. 
The basic and applied research in science and technology carried out by the 
JRC should meet the needs of the Community as a whole, its Institutions and 
Member States with the objectives of: 
contributing to the strengthening of the scientific and technological 
basis for European industry and to the development of its international 
competitivity; 
contributing to the enhancement of the quality of the human and 
natural environment; 
contributing to the improvement of public safety aspects of new 
technologies; 
contributing to the reduction of scientific and technological disparities 
between the Member States of the Community; 
-3-
providing scientific and technical services to Community Institutions, 
and making JRC competences and scientific and technical installations 
available to public and private bodies. 
10. Whatever form is adopted for the JRC in the long-term, it is considered that 
its distinctive Community character must be preserved. The structure should 
be dictated by the allotted tasks and the Centre must maintain its 
institutional role of providing scientific and technical support for the 
implementation of Community policies, while continuing to be open to the 
outside. In all cases, the JRC should remain an integral component of 
European R&D policy and this is fully reflected in the present Proposal. 
JRC TASKS GUIDED BY THE MARKETPLACE 
11. Bearing in mind that the Centre is driven by the needs of its marketplace, 
having to take account of the subsidiarity principle and develop its particular 
actions under the application of the customer/contractor principle, long-
lasting criteria for the JRC contributions to Community policies may be 
established: 
performing research where the specific Community nature of the 
Centre is an advantage, either because of its independence of 
judgment and neutrality or because of the close links with the 
Commission's Directorates-General responsible for implementing 
Community policies. This applies primarily to research of a regulatory 
or pre-normative nature or of public utility, and it is here that the 
institutional role of the JRC appears most clearly; 
performing research of the scientific watch type or of a conservative 
type -to maintain scientific competences in areas which may present a 
potential for development or which may return to importance at a 
later stage- where there is an advantage in concentrating at a central 
point in the Community specialised research with a long-term interest 
or a high risk element. Recognised scientific-technical competence is 
an essential condition to justify the concentration of research at the 
JRC; 
serving as a focal point for research on cross-frontier problems in which 
the JRC, through integrated operations bringing together its own 
research and the work of industrial or national laboratories, contribute 
to the European effort towards excellence and cohesion between 
Member States of the Community and acts as a bridge between groups 
of Member States presenting different levels of scientific and technical 
development; 
contributing to establishing links with the EFTA and other European 
countries, notably the Central and Eastern countries; 
linked with the above activities, the JRC may contribute in selected 
areas where it has strong competences, to the management of shared 
cost actions and similar schemes; 
external dimensions of the JRC activities assign a role for the Centre as 
a continuing active partner in selected EUREKA projects and as a' 
contributor to Commission actions related to international 
cooperation of a more global dimension; 
-4 
providing specialised training in research. This is not a mere 
continuation of the current traditional fellowship scheme (sectoral 
scientific-technical grants), but a visualisation of the JRC with a 
permanent role through its planned contributions to the human 
capital and mobility objective as opened up in the Third 
FrameworkProgramme, and thereby provide its contributions to the 
creation of a true scientific and technological society in Europe; 
through activities carried out in association or through specific work 
under contract, providing industry, national public bodies and others, 
including the European Environment Agency with specific expertise 
and facilities developed in the course of research; 
specialized and costly installations developed by the JRC and whose 
duplication at a national or commercial level would not be justified 
will, in addition to their use in JRC programmes, be placed at the 
disposal of other organizations, either in collaboration agreements or 
under contractual arrangements with public or private bodies. 
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CHARACTER OF THE CENTRE 
12. A fundamental strength of the JRC, which is the basis of its remit, is the 
European dimension of its work. This is not limited to scientific-technical 
activities in a few scientific disciplines. Indeed, a second strength is the 
multidisciplinary character of the Centre where the span of competences 
and skills - admittedly to a varying degree - stretches over many sciences. 
The JRC has a strong tradition of executing projects of a multicfisciplinary 
nature. This multidisciplinarity is indeed reflected in the subject areas of 
most of the Institutes and promises that, in the future, the JRC will also be 
able to take up new challenges as needs arise based on the flexibility 
required of a European laboratory. Consequently, multidisciplinarity should 
be cultivated for the future. 
On the other hand, this should not lead to a complete dispersion of the 
activities which are undertaken. While remaining customer-driven, the 
Centre and its management must have clear views on the proper scientific-
technical orientations for the JRC and be able to keep a balance in order to 
ensure that the activities and contracts which are accepted can be executed 
at any time with the requisite level of competence, qualitatively as well as 
quantitatively. 
JRC SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES 
13. As noted in section 2 of this document, the Council Resolution of 
29 June 1988 specified the first of the activities of the JRC, its predominant 
task for the period 1988 to 1991, the "implementation of the Framework 
Programme by means of specific programmes and preparatory research". 
This definition still holds good for the 1992-1994 period and is the subject of 
the proposals presented herein. 
The work is oriented towards meeting the overall objectives of the 
Framework Programme and those set out for the particular lines of the 
Framework Programme to which the JRC contributes, or in more detail, to 
the objectives of specific research programmes whose execution is entrusted 
to the JRC. While the JRC Board of Governors remains the proper guardian 
5-
of the JRC and its work, and sees that JRC research constantly evolves 
towards the objectives set out, a close coordination will be maintained with 
the relevant shared cost action programmes, notably through a full and 
detailed exchange of information with their respective committees on the 
JRC research in those areas. 
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 
14. The JRC will contribute to the objectives of the Third Framework Programme 
through the following lines: 
Industrial and Materials Technologies; 
Measurement and Testing; 
Environment; 
Nuclear Fission Safety; 
Con trolled Nuclear Fusion; 
Human Capital and Mobility. 
The broad objectives of the JRC contribution to these lines are set out below. 
More detailed descriptions are provided in the Technical Annex. 
15. In the field of Industrial and Materials Technologies the planned JRC 
contribution concerns: 
Working Environment and 
Materials. 
With regard to Working Environment, while keeping in mind the normal 
application of the subsidiarity principle, an important project selection 
critérium will be the orientation towards prenormative research. The 
Community will be called upon for further regulatory actions in areas such as 
health care and risk control, setting upper and lower limits (e.g. toxicology), 
standard evaluation methods and procedures for analysis, evaluation of risks 
to workers, and evaluation of the working environment in relation to the 
introduction of new technologies. Research should furthermore evolve in 
close collaboration with relevant national bodies in the Member States, and 
with the coming European Agency for Safety at Work. 
Consequently the JRC has selected the following research themes which 
match existing JRC skills, with the objective of actively contributing to this 
work: 
Toxicology and Occupational Health; 
Occupational Accident Research and 
Risk Prevention. 
8 
With regard to Materials, research will be oriented towards the following 
areas which all have a strong prenormative dimension and represent 
important enabling technologies for a whole range of advanced industrial 
applications: 
Alloys and In termetallics; 
Ceramics and Composites; 
Coatings and Processing; 
Surface Modification Technology; 
New Functional Materials; 
Non Destructive and Evaluation Techniques for Advanced Materials 
and Components; 
Information and Data Management. 
These pre cts have the objective of helping to ensure that Community 
manufac ring industry has better access to a range of cost-effective, well-
characterized advanced materials and that these materials are incorporated 
into high performance components. The activity also provides a focal point 
for the exchange of information on prenormative research on advanced 
materials. The research supported by unique facilities at the JRC will be 
conducted in close contact with manufacturing and user industries and 
furthermore aim at supporting wider European and International 
standardisation efforts in the vast field of new materials. 
16. In the field of Measurement and Testing, the essential contribution of the 
JRC is the continuation of activities in both the nuclear and non-nuclear 
fields of Reference Materials and Measurements carried out by the Central 
Bureau for Nuclear Measurements, notably in the following areas: 
Preparation, Characterization and Certification of Samples; 
Long-lived or Stable Isotope Mass Spectrometry; 
Nuclear Data Measurements and Evaluation; 
Radionuclide Metrology; 
Applied Radiation Techniques. 
Research also in the growing application of these specialized techniques to 
non-nuclear areas will capitalize on the existing experimental facilities 
including the particle accelerators.Furthermore, specific prenormative 
research activities will be continued in the fields of Reliability of Structures 
and on a lesser scale in renewable Energies (Photovoltaic); the latter activity 
being centred around the utilisation of the existing European Solar Test 
Installation (ESTI). Research and Reliability of Structures will be refocussed 
on the use of the new Reaction Wall facility. This installation is unique in 
Europe, fully complementary with other means of research in Member 
States, and a multinational programme for its utilisation has been agreed. 
9 
Other significant activities with national participation are performed in the areas 
of life prediction of structures and the evaluation of their lifetime in service. 
Seen as a whole, these activities are related to the IRDAC initiative to trigger 
enhanced community research in prenormative fields. 
17. In the field of Environment. JRC contributions supporting the 
implementation of Community environment policy are envisaged in three 
areas: 
Participation in Global Change Programmes; 
Technologies and Engineering for the Environment and 
Research on Economic and Social Aspects. 
In the Global Change area, emphasis will be placed on a strong cooperation 
with laboratories and institutes in the Member States and at the 
international level, the JRC contribution will mainly concern: 
Modelling and Air Pollution Transport; 
Air Chemistry linked notably to the fate of biogenic and anthropogenic 
emissions; 
Biosphere-Atmosphere Interaction; 
Related applications of remote sensing which will focus on the 
interactions between land and ocean surface parameters and climate. 
It is furthermore aimed towards the development of remote sensing 
methods applied to critical components of global change. 
Activities under the heading of Technologies and Engineering for the 
Environment will mainly concern: 
Environmental Chemicals (migration and transformation in soil and 
their impact on çjround water, harmonization of analytical methods 
for water analysis, development of a mobile laboratory for in field 
analysis of contaminants in soil and water, characterization of algal-
blooms, biomonitoring of environmental chemicals, trace metal 
exposures and human diseases, risk evaluation of environmental 
chemicals); these activities will notably be aligned towards chemical 
waste problems; 
The further development of techniques and systems to protect the 
environment, more specifically, systems to prevent or mitigate process 
and equipment failures in the chemical and process industry; 
Environmental monitoring through remote sensing focussing on 
advanced techniques. 
8-
A major concentration of new and existing contributions by the JRC to the 
field of environment should be achieved by establishing within the JRC, 
together with the European Space Agency (ESA), a Centre for Earth 
Observation (CEO). The JRC part of the Centre will be set up through active 
collaboration between the relevant Institutes, i.e. the Institute for Remote 
Sensing Applications, the Institute for Systems Engineering and Informatics 
and the Environment Institute. 
The main objective of this Centre will be to provide an effective network for 
the full exploitation of the earth observation data including that obtained 
by spaceborne sensors. Its activities would include archiving, processing, 
validation and standardization of global environmental data. The work 
would be undertaken in collaboration with the ESA and national 
organisations and would help to provide adequate and timely information 
on the state of the environment as needed, by the European Environment 
Agency for example. The establishment of the Centre would require a series 
of preparatory phases beginning in 1992 and completed with prototype 
implementations in 1993-1994 aiming at full operation in the following 
programme period. During the preparatory phases 1992-1994 of the CEO, 
the Institutes could contribute to prototype studies based on thematic 
applications (e.g. ongoing projects like TREES, OCEAN and MARS: 
Monitoring Agriculture with Remote Sensing) in order to fully test the 
requirements for CEO. 
Research on Economic and Social Aspects will relate essentially to risk 
management and conventional industrial safety such as the development of 
decision support systems for plant safety, plant emergency management 
and territorial risk management. 
The existing work on Reliability, Risk Assessment and Accident Management 
will be strengthened. 
Considering the interdisciplinary character of safety-related problems and 
the research required for their solution, the above wori< together with 
other related research work, should give rise to the establishment, within 
the JRC, of a European Office for Safety which would act via executive 
centres such as: 
a Centre for Accident Analysis focussing its attention on the 
development and verification of reference calculation tools in those 
areas where the complexity and nature of events to be analysed 
demand an harmonized approach in the Community countries; 
a Structural Integrity Centre which would address the accident 
prevention issue in the following areas: validation and further 
improvement of construction norms and standards, structural 
diagnostic and reliability and validation and harmonization of 
inspection procedures; 
an Accident Management Centre which should provide 
response/rescue organizations with information and -esearch results 
quickly available to help in an actual emergency, plus the data 
acquisition and management to facilitate post-accident analysis and 
mitigation. One area of particular concern should be the 
transportation of hazardous material. 
11 
-9-
In addition to research, development and support, the Office would provide 
education and training in each of the above areas and establish data 
collection, interpretation and distribution facilities where necessary. 
When established, the Office, based on an intimate collaboration between 
the relevant JRC Institutes, would become the point of contact and common 
interface for national organisations, in particular public authorities and 
industries and for support to other Commission services including DGs V 
and XI. 
18. In the field of Nuclear Fission Safety contributions are envisaged in the 
following areas with the objective of enhancing scientific and technical 
knowledge in this field: 
Reactor Safety; 
Sa feguards and Fissile Materials Management; 
Radioactive Waste Management and 
Actinides in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Safety. 
Reactor Safety 
The JRC activities will concentrate on : 
Accident Prevention Studies; 
Severe Accident Studies participating in risk assessment and 
concentrating on the study of phenomena using the FARO facility at 
Ispra and sharing the PHEBUS PFproject at Cadarache (CEA - France). 
Safeguards and Fissile Materials Management 
The Safeguards and Fissile Materials Management research activities will be 
structured into three main areas: 
Development of Nuclear Materials Measurements; 
Development of Containment and Surveillance Techniques; 
Integration of Safeguards Measures. 
This research conducted in networks of collaborating national laboratories, 
underpins and provides timely results on the conception of new techniques 
essential for the fulfilment OT the Commission's obligations for Safeguards 
in the Community and the agreement with the International Atomic Energy 
Agency (IAEA). 
Radioactive Waste Management 
JRC activities on radioactive waste management have two objectives: 
to support the present strategy of Member States, which aims at the 
disposal of radioactive waste resulting from fuel reprocessing (or 
directly disposing spent fuels considered as a waste) in geological 
formations; 
12 
10 
to carry out research on management strategies which may lead to a 
diminution of waste arising in future fuel cycle installations, thus 
mitigating the acceptability problems of final waste disposal. 
Actinides in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Safety 
It is proposed to continue research carried out thus far under the heading 
"Nuclear Fuels and Actinide Research" with a new programme entitled 
"Actinides in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Safety". 
Specifically, the programme for 1992-1994 will focus on the following 
subjects: 
Safety studies of nuclear fuel behaviour (UO2 and MOX) at extended 
burn-up, under transient, off-normal and accident conditions; 
Basic physico-chemical and solid state studies on ac: ^ides; 
Study of nuclear aerosols; 
Mitigation of the minor actinides and other long-lived radioactive 
nuclides arising in the nuclear fuel cycle; 
Plutonium fuel technology (minor activity aimed at maintaining 
competence in the field). 
19. In the field of Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion the JRC activities will be 
largely oriented towards the objective of improving the knowledge base of 
those aspects of fusion machines which are related to safety and 
environmental problems as requested by the European Fusion Programme. 
The most significant facility for this purpose at the JRC is ETHEL, the 
laboratory for handling tritium which is c -rently reaching completion at 
Ispra. 
The JRC effort will be focussed on the Su jrt to the Next Step (NET/ITER), 
namely: 
acquisition of data and execution of tests in order to define the 
methods and procedures for safe handling of tritiated systems during 
operation and for storage and disposal of tritiated wastes by use of the 
European Tritium Handling Experimental Laboratory (ETHEL); 
contribution to design and safety analyses ofin-vessel components; 
development of tools and procedures for remote operation of reactor 
components; 
evaluation, testing and establishment of a data base f r structural 
materials properties and nuclear data 
Long term studies will involve: 
development of low activation materials; 
13 
11 
20. The JRC will contribute to the Human Capital and Mobility theme of the 
Framework Programme by providing such opportunities as: 
periods of attachment for training and new perspectives (mobility) for 
promising young researchers, notably at the post-doctoral level, selected in 
agreement with national research centres and laboratories participating in 
the Human capital and Mobility Programme and with whom the JRC has 
established collaboration. The action is thus contributing both to the 
training and mobility of young researchers in Europe and to the creation 
and consolidation of scientific and technological cooperation networks of 
research teams and laboratories. The training will be concentrated on 
advanced research topics and research requiring access to unique 
experimental facilities, while respecting the subsidiarity principle. 
This important flow of research trainees will also be offered, during their 
stay at the JRC, additional opportunities to become acquainted with the 
European dimension of research, Community policies and a multi-cultural 
environment, which is an important side benefit much appreciated by past 
and present JRC visiting researchers. 
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 
21. The above-cited Council Resolution (section 13 above) formalized work 
undertaken by the JRC as "scientific and technological support for the 
Commission", for other services. In the 1988-1991 Multiannual period, this 
group of activities has enjoyed a steadily increasing popularity and, with 
expenditure for the period estimated at 131 Mioecu, has outgrown the 
original budgetary predictions (120 Mioecu). Much attention has been paid 
to applying the customer/contractor principle to all work undertaken and a 
formal contract is drawn up between the JRC and the "client" Directorate 
General or Service for all except the most minor matters. The success of this 
exercise leads to the conclusion that the JRC is bringing a significant 
contribution to the Commission's much larger requirements for expert 
assistance and consultancy. The same tested formula will be applied to the 
period 1992-1994 with emphasis on: 
the reinforcement of the customer/contractor principle, notably 
through the assurance that all foreseeable multiannual operations are 
covered by a multiannual contract calling for precise work assignment 
and accountability with the customer Directorate-General, and that 
major multiannual projects are covered by a Council Decision or by a 
Commission decision upon the initiative of the customer Directorate-
General. This is currently the case with one project for the Directorate-
General for Agriculture and the Statistical Office, while plans are under 
way for a Commission Decision on new work for the Safeguards 
Directorate under the Directorate-General for Energy; 
conversely, a decision that other requests, mostly of a consultancy type, 
are limited to those of a clear temporary basis and for which a 
subsidiarity principle could apply. 
Amongst the new activities for 1992-1994 are the operations of a Centre for 
Validation of Alternative Testing Methods (i.e. alternative to animal tests in 
toxicology) as support to DG XI and operations of on-site safeguards 
laboratories as support to DG XVII. 
14 
-12 
CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES 
22. At the same time when instituting the other JRC activities, the Council, in its 
Resolution, believed that contractual work for external third parties should 
be developed, thus demonstrating the customer/contractor principle under 
the most stringent conditions in the Community and in world scientific 
markets. Although the initial target figures have proved to be over-
ambitious for 1988-1991 (52 Mioecu compared to the latest estimate of 
40 Mioecu for the value of contracts signed during the period), much effort 
has been applied and from the feedback received from JRC customers, 
quality and speed of service are considered to be of a high order. 
The Commission attaches great importance to the stimulation introduced by 
this measure, bringing, as it does: 
closer contact with the "real world"; 
measure of one's own competitiveness; 
valorisation of existing potential additional income. 
A new target has been set for 1992-1994 and to achieve it the JRC has 
already strengthened its marketing efforts, both at Institute and central 
levels. Classical marketing activities, however, are not enough; to fulfil the 
role of the JRC, it is of paramount importance that the latter is perceived as a 
partner, rather than a competitor, amongst national research laboratories. 
This concern calls for new and imaginative schemes for joint marketing with 
national partners, as described in Section 25 below. 
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH 
23. Another new group of activities now reaching maturity is exploratory 
research, previously termed "preparatory research". Projects under this 
heading have the purpose of: 
the improvement of scientific vitality and potential; 
the exploration of suitable and promising avenues; 
the testing of new ideas or concepts on a small experimental scale; 
the provision of additional facilities for visiting scientists and research 
fellows; 
the enhancement of the impact of industrial club activities. 
Due account of the value of this task, as emphasized by the Board of 
Governors, is reflected in the setting of levels of activity for 1c ^.-1994. 
EXPLOITATION AND DISSEMINATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS 
24/ The exploitation and dissemination of the research results will continue to 
be performed in close coordination with the Directorate-General DG XIII 
"Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation". Within the* 
JRC itself, a network should be constructed, linking well-focussed 
information centres (such as the Information Centre for Advanced Materials 
15 
-13-
or the Actinides Information Centre). This network could be extended to 
include one or several information centre(s) for prenormative research in: 
non-destructive evaluation techniques; 
structure reliability and codes of practice; 
measurement devices for pollution control; 
and indeed the proposed Centre for Earth Observation. 
Along the same lines it is planned to set up within the JRC a European Office 
for Safety initially comprising the following units (which are described in 
Section 17;): 
a Centre for Accident Analysis; 
a Structural Integrity Centre; 
an Accident Management Centre. 
The exploitation and dissemination of research results received a new scope 
with the Framework Programme 1990-1994 and 1% of all resources were 
assigned to this. The task for the dissemination and valorisation of scientific 
results is, by decision of the Commission, conferred to the Directorate-
General XIII. 
25. Closely related to the exploitation of research results is the question of a 
possible JRC role in product or process innovation. While adhering to the 
view that an institution such as the JRC should conduct research 
predominantly on the basis of external pull, a certain amount of R&D which 
has the character of technology push is reasonable. Exploratory research can 
be an important source of this. 
Innovative R&D requires a positive, motivating approach, an inventiveness, 
and an awareness of the market place. Clearly this is an activity more 
appropriate to industry's involvement in product development and 
marketing. Nevertheless, there is scope for the encouragement of 
innovative R&D in the JRC; for one reason, the successful outcome of an 
innovative piece of R&D which eventually becomes expressed in the form of 
industrial products, can attract an enormous amount of positive publicity for 
the Centre, and can generate considerable income. 
The JRC approach should be to encourage creativity and the maturing of 
ideas even to the point of a prototype where industrial firms may become 
interested in picking up these ideas and converting them into profitable 
products. This approach is now commonly accepted in most research 
organisations. The important thing here is not to try to develop innovative 
research as a new category of R&D, but for management within the 
Institutes to spot ideas and encourage the staff to develop the innovative 
potential of them. 
COMMON RESEARCH FACILITIES 
26. The highly specialized and in some cases unique facilities of the JRC 
constitute one of the most important assets of the organization. They 
represent a considerable investment and in some cases their operations are 
16 
14-
quite costly, notably in the case of the nuclear installations. Yet, installations 
on a European scale and with a high degree of speciality, which contribute 
to reduce duplications in the Community, are an important part of the remit 
of the Centre and their very existence may be one of the driving forces for 
the future. 
The Board of Governors therefore, quite naturally, keeps a constant watch 
on the use and further development of the specialised facilities of the JRC. 
Annual reports and other literature from the JRC aimed at a wider public 
provide detailed information on these facilities and on their availability. 
For strategic planning purposes - and without going into details in this 
chapter - the following guidelines may be suggested : 
it is a continuing remit of the JRC to construct and maintain specialised 
facilities provided that: 
• the customer base for the facilities is properly and convincingly 
assessed and identified at the time of conceiving the installation 
and throughout its lifetime; 
• ;he customer base is the same as for all other JRC activities: 
specific research programmes, support to the Commission and 
contractual work for external third parties. Some installations, 
however, may be seen as an element of the Centre's contribution 
to economic and scientific cohesion in Europe, but here again the 
customer base must be clearly identified for the particular 
installation in question. 
27. A separate, but related issue, is that of JRC sites offering to host unique 
facilities, built by national or private organisations but conceived as "open 
shops", accessible to any partner inside the Community. This applies also to 
facilities developed as European Joint Ventures. 
JRC sites can provide these "joint" facilities with appropriate technical 
support and scientific environments but would not intervene in their 
management, which remains independent. Visitors using these facilities can 
benefit from other services of the JRC, for instance in areas of training and 
education. 
COLLABORATION WITH NATIONAL RESEARCH 
28. The JRC should contribute to the development of intra-European 
cooperation and to the harmonious growth of all regions of the Community. 
This is already achieved through a series of formal and informal 
collaboration agreements with national research laboratories and can be 
further developed through active collaboration with public and private 
scientific organisations in all the Member States of the Community, notably 
by hosting at the JRC individual scientific visitors, grantholders and seconded 
national experts and by setting-up networks of associated laboratories. The 
collaboration will be further strengthened by the participation in the 
Human Capital and Mobility Programme. 
Some of the agreements concluded with national laboratories call for joint 
marketing of collective competences and joint execution of research under 
contract with third parties. In one case this has led to plans for setting up a 
European Economic Interest Grouping between the JRC and its partners 
17 
-15 
comprising national research laboratories in materials research. This model 
should also be followed in other fields and could lead to a further 
consolidation of the significant and effective collaboration between the JRC 
and its national partners. 
A complementary way of strengthening the interaction with national 
research to be considered could be to extend JRC activities to other locations 
than the current four sites. 
A straightforward extension according to the pattern adopted for the four 
existing sites, i.e. full-bred new establishments, would raise difficulties, 
notably from a financial and human resources' point of view. New sites 
which would follow the current concept, would further strain the limited 
personnel and budgetary resources of the JRC by adding significantly to its 
overheads. 
On the contrary, one should consider a new approach, i.e. the creation of 
JRC Outposts, working in strong synergy with host laboratories in Member 
States. Such outposts should be based on a strong motivation and mutual 
interest from both the JRC and the host laboratory to conduct research 
activities together. They should be created jointly by the JRC and a 
Government, a Region or a Science Park, the host authorities bearing the 
burden of infrastructure and subsequent running costs while JRC assigns a 
full team of researchers and finances the scientific specific credits. 
A JRC outpost could be created in a flexible way for a given period of time -
for the duration of joint experiments, for example - or on a more long-term 
basis. The level of its staffing should be strictly determined by the research 
requirements in each particular case, and may vary in time. Therefore, 
contrary to the case for the already established sites, there will be no 
concern for maintaining a minimum (and rather high) staff level to secure 
proper continuity and significance of the operations. The JRC, in providing a 
research team for an outpost, would not only bring a new dimension of 
challenge to the researchers of the Centre, but would also offer a new 
means of increasing mobility and would therefore secure the effective 
transfer of knowledge between the JRC and national research communities. 
In all cases, the tightest synergy with a well-established national activity 
would be mandatory for the success of the operation. 
Overall, an active outpost policy is felt to be a new way of strengthening the 
ties with national research in the Member States, meeting the precise 
requirements of specific regions, transferring the European vision and 
approach to local actors. Implementation of this policy should be initiated 
early in the 1992-1994 period. 
A BASE SCENARIO FOR JRC 2000 
29. Following an exercise to establish a basic plan, the JRC management, 
together with the Board of Governors, has elaborated different scenarios 
for the evolution of the JRC up to the year 2000. These scenarios recognize 
the continuation, on a long-term basis, of the current modes of operation: 
specific research programmes under the Framework Programme; 
scientific and technical support to the Commission services; 
18 
16 
contractual work for external third parties; 
exploratory research. 
Different ratios between these modes of operation have been considered, 
going from the present mix to mixes where support to the Commission or 
alternatively contractual work for external third parties become the 
predominant activity of the JRC. 
30. The conclusion of these discussions favoured an evolution towards a JRC 
with a larger emphasis on the activity of scientific and technical support to 
the Commission. It finds its justification in the growing complexity and 
scope of scientific and technical issues to be faced by the Commission for the 
implementation of Community policies in the 1990's. This will imply 
recourse to a wide range of competent bodies such as national or European 
organisations, specialised agencies, including the JRC more closely linked 
than ever to Directorates-General responsible for policy formulation and 
implementation. An increase in real terms by about 30% for the 1992-1994 
period from the 1991 level of Support to the Commission activities 
represents this trend. 
Another feature of the scenario is a JRC which maintains an important but 
decreasing contribution to the successive Framework Programmes in areas 
where the Community truly benefits from the impartial and independent 
position of the JRC such as prenormative research on materials, 
environmental research and the spectrum of safety and risk 
assessment-oriented research. Furthermore, the Framework Programme 
contributions comprise recognized central functions such as safeguards R & 
D or actinides research and areas responding to Treaty obligations (Central 
Bureau for Nuclear Measurements). These contributions are joined by the 
important horizontal issue of human capital and mobility adding to the 
scope of the Centre as a training ground for young researchers and 
strengthening its collaboration with national research. All in all, the 
Framework Programme task from the 1988-1991 ratio of 69% of the totality 
of the JRC activities will diminish for the 1992-1994 period. 
Contractual work for external third parties, with inclusion of the new 
modalities of collaboration with national research laboratories (see sections 
22 and 28), should continue to represent a notable task of the JRC in the 
medium-term and in the long-term over the planning horizon, and certainly 
account for some 15-20% of the total activities of the Centre. 
Finally, a relatively modest but not negligible share of the total activities 
must continue to be devoted to exploratory research which is most essential 
for maintaining the scientific vitality of the Centre and to ensure its 
availability to take up new scientific challenges in line with foreseen new 
demands. 
The described proposals in the present document are elaborated as a first 
step towards the realisation of this base scenario for JRC 2000. 
19 
JIG. Q-
CHAPTER II 
ORGANISATION 
AND 
RESOURCES 
20 
-17 
ORGANISATION AND RESOURCES 
STRUCTURE 
The Commission intends to maintain the recently developed structure of the 
JRC Institutes for the 1992-1994 Programme period, the present structure 
being considered adequate. 
An issue which requires constant attention is the achievement of a proper 
balance between excessive centralisation and complete decentralisation. 
Central functions should only remain when there is an economic advantage 
in terms of staff or budget, when coherence with general rules must be 
monitored and implemented and when the corporate image of the JRC is at 
stake. 
3. Equally, the proper interface between the Institutes is a matter for constant 
surveillance particularly during periods where new programmes are under 
consideration. In general, it will never be possible to reach a state in which 
there is no need for Institutes to collaborate nor would that be desirable. 
The important issue is that of collaboration and maintenance of a collegiate 
concern in those projects, where a collaboration is necessary and to ensure 
that the definition of responsibilities is completely clear. 
4. The increasing autonomy of the Institutes has as a corollary, notably for the 
Ispra based ones, a wish to perform a greater degree of the administration 
themselves. Conversely, they will draw less on the central administrative 
services. The first steps towards these ends have already been taken in the 
financial field. All in ail, this trend does promise savings and rationalisation 
in the overall administrative services of the JRC. 
A new management accounting system is currently being implemented. Its 
purpose is to establish the true cost of all the Centre's operations and set 
their correct price. This in turn will allow the Institutes to establish better 
the cost of all their activities, increase cost-awareness and provide a basis for 
a wider internal customer/contractor relationship between the Institutes 
and the internal central services. 
The already established Management Efficiency Unit should contribute to a 
continuing watch that the general services of the JRC provide the best 
possible value for the resources available and contribute to the 
establishment of the internal customer/contractor relationship between the 
Institutes and central services. 
At Ispra, the implementation of the new structure of Institutes, quite 
naturally posed a series of infrastructure problems which even now are only 
partially solved. Both for practical and psychological reasons, the various 
components of each Institute should be physically grouped together as far as 
is possible and economically feasible, thereby strengthening their individual. 
identities. 
21 
-18 
Table 1 - Financial Resources (in Mioecu) 
(all amounts are given in current values) 
Materials 
Working Environment 
Measurement and Testing 
Environment 
Fission 
Fusion 
Human Capital 
Framework Programme Total** 
S&T Support for the Commission 
Contractual Work for 
External Third Parties 
Total 
HFR Supplementary Programme 
Grand Total Total JRC 
contributions* 
65.34 
11 88 
89.10 
148.50 
164.34 
40.59 
24.75 
544.50 
190.00 
68.00 
802.50 
69.00 
871.50 Central 
Bureau for 
Nuclear 
Measure­
ments 
62.37 
2.97 
65.34 
4.00 
3.00 
72.34 
72.34 Institute 
for 
Transuranium 
Elements 
60.39 
2.97 
63.36 
2200 
10.00 
95.36 
95.36 Institute 
for 
Advanced 
Materials 
65.34 
11 88 
2.97 
80.19 
1400 
12.00 
106.19 
69.00 
175.19 Institute for 
Systems 
Engineering 
and 
Informatics 
4.95 
8.91 
11.88 
16.83 
11.88 
3.96 
58.41 
39.00 
12.00 
109.41 
109.41 Environment 
Institute 
4.95 
66.82 
: 98 
73.75 
47.00 
10.00 
130.75 
130.75 Institute 
for 
Remote 
Sensing 
Applications 
36.63 
2.97 
39.60 
37.00 
4.00 
80.60 
80.60 Safety 
Technology 
Institute 
1 98 
17.82 
33.17 
87.12 
16.83 
3.96 
160.88 
18.00 
15.00 
193.88 
193.88 Institute 
for 
Prospective 
Technological 
Studies 
2.97 
2.97 
9.00 
2.00 
13.97 
13.97 
credits for exploratory research are included in these figures 
to the figures for Framework Programme activities are given after subtraction of 1 % reserved 
for the centralised action of dissemenation and exploitation of research results 
19-
FINANCIAL RESOURCES 
7. The distribution of financial resources for the 1992-1994 Programme period 
are given in Table 1 (on the preceding page) for the Framework Programme, 
Support to the Commission and Contractual Work for External Third Parties. 
The fourth activity - Exploratory Research - will be funded, after approval by 
the Budgetary Authority, as follows: 
6% of the Framework Programme Resources 
3% of the Support to the Commission Resources* 
3% of the Contractual Work for External Third Parties Resources* (outside 
HFR Supplementary Programme) 
Table 2 below provides a breakdown in percentages of the JRC activities in 
1992-1994 as compared with the 1988-1991 period. 
Table 2 
A. Specific Research Programmes 
B. Contractual Work 
B.1 S/T Support to the Commission 
B.2 Work for external public or 
private bodies (including HFR 
supplementary programme) 
Total 
C. Exploratory Research 
Total 1988-1991 
Plan 
(1988) 
70.0 
12.6 
13.7 
26.3 
up to 3.7 
100.0 1988-1991 
Estimated 
outcome 
70.7 
14.1 
12.4 
26.5 
2.8 
100.0 1992-1994 
Plan 
59 
21 
15.5 
36.5 
4.5 
100.0 
The evolution as proposed here corresponds to a gradual transition towards 
a distribution in conformity with the Base Scenario for JRC 2000 described in 
the first chapter of the present document (Section 29). 
HUMAN RESOURCES 
8. During the period 1988-1991, the total authorised statutory staff for the JRC 
has been fixed at 2180 agents; this figure has been used for the staff table 
which is approved for each budgetary exercise. Such a figure constitutes a 
ceiling which has never been reached because it was agreed in 1988 to 
reserve a part of the statutory staff credits for financing visiting scientists, 
seconded national staff and grantholders; the amount set aside in this way 
corresponded to the equivalent of financing about 100 statutory staff. 
9. For the period 1992-1994, the situation will be different. Thanks to credits 
available within the JRC part of the Human Capital and Mobility 
* These two parts of the Exploratory Research Resources effectively represent incentives for the 
Institutes to increase their activities under these headings. 23 
-20-
programme, young visiting researchers will be paid directly by the specific 
programme credits; it is foreseen that 200 of such young visiting researchers 
will be hosted annually at the JRC for the period 1992-1994. 
10. Senior Visiting Scientists and staff seconded from national organizations in 
the Member States will still be financed within the envelope of statutory 
staff credits. They are estimated at a total of 30 to 40 per year. 
11. Taking into account this new situation as well as the level of credits which 
can reasonably be devoted to staff expenditure within the total envelope of 
JRC resources, it is foreseen to reduce the level of authorized statutory staff 
to 2080 agents. Such a reduction responds to the wish of the European 
Parliament to see a decrease in the margin between the authorized ceiling 
and the effective level of staffing. 
Early Retirement Measures 
12. Following the encouragement in 1988 by some Member States, the JRC 
examined with the Board of Governors the need for a scheme for early 
retirements of JRC officials. Taking into account the age structure and the 
scientific-technical competences necessary for the development of the JRC, it 
was established that the scheme should allow for 30 departures in 1992, 25 
in 1993 and 20 in 1994 of officials more than 55 years old and having 
accomplished at least 15 years of service, with a profile taking into account 
the needs of the JRC and notably at the more senior levels. The Commission 
will present a separate proposal for this scheme. 
DECISION MAKING AND CONSULTATIVE STRUCTURES 
The JRC Board of Governors 
13. As part of the revitalisation of the JRC (COM(87)491 final/2), the Commission 
proposed to give the JRC Board of Governors a more influential rôle in the 
decision making process of the JRC. In particular, it is recognised that the 
responsibility for formulating and carrying out research activities 
corresponding to the objectives of the Framework Programme should be the 
province of the JRC and its Board of Governors. This proposal has been 
implemented by the Commission in June 1988 and the Board now plays a 
central rôle in JRC managerial decisions. The Commission has expressed its 
full appreciation of the Board's work and does not propose to make any 
changes to the current arrangements. 
The Advisory Committees for the Scientific Institutes 
14. Most of the JRC Institutes now possess operational Advisory Committees and 
the remaining ones will be established very shortly. The role of these 
Committees is to ensure, through their opinions, that the work of the 
Institutes is geared to the real requirements of their customers and users and 
that a high scientific standard is maintained within the Institutes. 
Contacts with other Bodies and Advisory Committees 
15. Consultation of the Economic and Social Committee is obligatory under both 
the EEC and Euratom Treaties. 24 
-21-
Under the EAEC Treaty, Euratom's Scientific and Technical Committee (STC) 
will continue to be consulted on research programmes pursuant to the 
Treaty. The STC will see that the themes selected for these programmes are 
geared to the needs of the customer, who in this case is essentially the 
Community at large. The Committee for Scientific and Technological 
Research - CREST - will play its role of Adviser, both to the Commission and 
the Council, in discussing the place of the JRC in the overall S & T policy of 
the Community; it will also play a similar role to that of the STC for the 
nuclear part, namely to ensure that the themes selected meet the customer's 
(i.e. the Community) needs. 
For the JRC's fusion activities, opinions will be obtained from the Fusion 
Technology Steering Committee which covers all Community activities on 
the subject. 
Close coordination will be maintained with appropriate CGCs, CANs 
(Committees of an Advisory Nature) or similar committees which will be 
systematically provided with full information on JRC activities and results. 
This will ensure, where necessary, coordination with shared-cost projects 
and national activities in the same field. 
For the HFR Supplementary Programme the existing ACPM (Advisory 
Committee for Programme Management) will be continued. 
25 
SLA- a. 
CHAPTER III 
PROPOSALS FOR COUNCIL 
RESOLUTION AND DECISIONS 
26 
22 
COUNCIL RESOLUTION 
of 
concerning activities to be undertaken by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) 
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 
Having regard to the Commission's communication entitled ... submitted to the Council on ... 
Having regard to the Commission proposals concerning specific research and development 
programmes to be executed by the Joint Research Centre for the implementation of the third 
framework programme for Community activities in the field of research and technological 
development (1990-1994). 
Whereas, by its Resolution of 29 June 1988°' the Council defined the scope of activities to be 
undertaken by the Joint Research Centre and indicated an estimation of the Centre's overall 
expenditure for the period 1988-1991; 
Whereas, a significant contribution by the Joint Research Centre to Community research and 
technological development policy implies, in the long term, the redeployment of its fundamental 
and applied research activities; 
1. REAFFIRMS the Community character of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and its role in 
achieving the Community's aim of strengthening the scientific and technological basis of 
European industry and encouraging it to become more competitive; 
2. CONSIDERS that the JRC is called to contribute to the implementation of the framework 
programme, particularly in those fields in which it can offer an impartial and independent 
expert opinion for the benefit of all Community policies. 
3. CONSIDERS that, with a view to contributing to the objective of the economic and social 
cohesion of the Community, the JRC should also develop practical and significant initiatives 
to reinforce collaboration with the research centres and laboratories of all Member States, 
thereby assuming the role of catalyst of European scientific integration; 
4. AFFIRMS that the JRC in its institutes, next to its task of executing specific research 
programmes including exploratory research, should have an increasing task, utilizing the 
facilities and manpower at its disposal, of strengthening and developing its work for other 
Commission Services and contractual work for external third parties in those areas, where it 
is competent to do so ; 
5. URGES that during the 1992-1994 period the objectives of the JRC as well as its expenditure 
should be defined in conformity with the annex. 
6. INVITES the Commission to include appropriate information on all the aforementioned 
categories of activity in the annual implementation report which it is called upon to submit 
to the European Parliament and the Council. 
(1) OJ No C 197. 27. 7. 1988, p 4. 27 
23 
ANNEX 
Estimate of the Overall Expenditure of the JRC 
(1992 to 1994) 
Implementation of the framework programme 
by means of specific research programmes and 
exploratory research: 
EEC research programmes 
EAEC research programmes (in million Ecu) 
339.57 
204.93 
Subtotal A 544.50(,) 
Contractual Work 
Scientific and technological support 
for the Commission 
Work to be financed by external 
private or public bodies <*> 
Subtotal B 
Total 190.0 
1370 
327.0 
871.5 
(*) Note: HFR = 69 million Ecu 
(1) An amount of Ecu 5.5 million, not included in the Ecu 544.5 million, is reserved for the 
centralized action of dissemination and exploitation provided for in Article 4 of the Council 
Decision of 23 April 1990 concerning the framework programme of Community activities in 
the field of research and technological development ( 1990 to 1994) 
28 
-24 
Proposal for a 
Council Decision 
of 
adopting specific research programmes to be implemented 
by the Joint Research Centre for the 
European Economic Community (1992 to 1994) 
(../.../EEC) 
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular 
Article 130q(2) thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1), 
In cooperation with the European Parliament'2', 
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee13', 
Whereas by its Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC(4\ the Council adopted a third Framework 
Programme for Community activities in the field of research and technological development 
(1990-1994), specifying in particular the activities to be pursued concerning enabling technologies, 
the management of natural resources and the management of intellectual resources; whereas this 
Decision should be taken in the light of the grounds set out in the preamble to that Decision; 
Whereas Article 130k of the Treaty stipulates that the Framework Programme is to be 
implemented through specific programmes developed within each activity; 
Whereas the Joint Research Centre, as set out in Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC, is called on to 
contribute to the implementation of the framework programme particularly in those fields in 
which it can offer an impartial and independent expert opinion for the benefit of all Community 
policies; 
Whereas the Joint Research Centre can contribute to the realisation of said actions, particularly in 
the fields of industrial and materials technologies, measurement and testing, human capital and 
mobility and in the field of the environment; 
Whereas in particular these actions should benefit from the setting-up, within the JRC, of a centre 
for earth observation and of a European office for safety; 
Whereas the Joint Research Centre with its laboratories and installations can provide an efficient 
point of assembly for the training of young researchers; 
Whereas in the context of these programmes it is desirable that an assessment be made of the 
economic and social impact as well as of any technological risks; 
(1) OJNoC 
(2) OJNoC 
(3) OJNoC 
(4) OJ No L 117, 8 5 1990, p. 28. 29 
25-
Whereas pursuant to Article 4 and Annex I of Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC, the funds estimated 
as necessary for the whole Framework Programme include an amount of ECU 57 million for the 
centralized dissemination and exploitation of results, to be divided up in proportion to the 
amount envisaged for each specific programme; 
Whereas Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC provides that a particular aim of Community research must 
be to strengthen the scientific and technological basis of European industry, and to encourage it 
to become more competitive at the international level; whereas that Decision also provides that 
Community action is justified where research contributes, inter alia, to the strengthening of the 
economic and social cohesion of the Community and to the promotion of its overall harmonious 
development, while being consistent with the pursuit of scientific and technical excellence; 
whereas the Programmes of the Joint Research Centre should contribute to the achievement of 
these objectives; 
Whereas the Board of Governors of • * Joint Research Centre plays a significant part on one hand 
in the administrative ^aeration of the Centre and on the other, in the implementation of its 
research programmes; 
Whereas the Scientific and Technical Research Committee (CREST) has been consulted, 
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: 
Article 1 
The specific research and development programmes to be executed by the Joint Research Centre 
for the European Economic Community in the fields of industrial and materials technology, 
measurement and testing, environment as well as in the field of human capital and mobility, as 
defined in Annex I, including exploratory research activities, are hereby adopted for a period 
running from 1 January 1992 to 31 December 1994. 
Article 2 
1 The funds estimated as necessary for the execution of the programmes amount to 
339.57 million Ecu. 
2. An indicative allocation of funds is set out in Annex II. 
3 Should the Council take a decision pursuant to Article 1, paragraph 4, of Decision 
90/221/Euratom, EEC, this Decision shall be adapted accordingly. 
Article 3 
Detailed rules for the implementation of the programme are set out in Annex III. 
Article 4 
1 The Commission shall each year before 31 March submit to the European Parliament and 
the Council a report on the implementation of this Decision. 
2. This report shall be accompanied by the observations of the board of governors. The latter, 
may also submit through the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council a separate 
report on any aspect of the implementation of this Decision. 
30 
26 
Article S 
1 Research carried out by the Joint Research Centre will be evaluated by a group of 
independent external experts set up by the Commission after consulting the board of governors. 
A report on the subject shall be established at the end of the programmes. 
2 The evaluation report, accompanied by the opinion of the board of governors of the Joint 
Research Centre, shall be transmitted by the Commission to Parliament and the Council. 
Article 6 
The reports referred to in Articles 4 and 5 shall be established having regard to the objectives set 
out in Annex I to this Decision and in accordance with Article 2 (4), of Decision 90/221/Euratom, 
EEC. 
Article 7 
1 The Commission, assisted by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre, shall be 
responsible for carrying out this Decision and to that end shall call upon the services of the Joint 
Research Centre in which is vested the responsibility for the formulation and execution of research 
activities responding to the objectives of the Framework Programme. 
2. The Commission, in cooperation with the board of governors, shall ensure periodical 
consultation with relevant Committees to ensure coordination between shared cost actions and 
those of the Joint Research Centre in the same areas with the aim of ensuring a coherent 
approach. 
Article 8 
The Commission shall decide on the terms of reference of the board of governors. 
Art»c/e 9 
The Commission is authorized to negotiate, in accordance with Article 130n of the Treaty, 
international agreements with third country members of COST, in particular member countries of 
the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and Central and Eastern European Countries, with a 
view to associating them with all or part of the programmes. 
Article W 
This decision is addressed to the Member States. 
Done at 
For the Council 
The President 
31 
-27 
ANNEX I 
Scientific and technical objectives 
The specific research programmes, executed for the EEC, fully reflect the approach embodied in 
the Third Framework Programme in terms of the scientific and technical goals and the underlying 
aims which it pursues. 
Paragraphs 2a and c, 3a, b and d and 6 of Annex II of the Framework Programme form an integral 
part of the present JRC multiannual programme. 
The following presents a summary of the objectives of the programmes based on and taking into 
account the above elements. 
I. Enabling Technologies 
2. industrial and Materials Technologies 
The objective is to provide a contribution to the strengthening of European 
industry and its working environment by extending its scientific base through 
research and development work. Next to basic technological research, the 
emphasis will be on the acquisition of the scientific and technical knowledge 
needed in order to establish standards and codes of good practice facilitating the 
transfer of technologies, and the harmonization of methods of measurement and 
testing. 
Working environment: this activity will be devoted to pre-normative research on 
subjects such as toxicology and occupational health, occupational accident 
research and risk prevention in collaboration with national research and with the 
aim of assuring the transfer of new knowledge to Community and national 
regulatory authorities. 
Materials: Research will be oriented towards areas which all have a strong 
prenormative dimension and represent important enabling technologies for a 
whole range of advanced industrial applications. Projects have the objective of 
helping to ensure that Community manufacturing industry has better access to a 
range of cost-effective, well-characterized advanced materials and that these 
materials are incorporated into high performance components. The activity also 
provides a focal point for the exchange of information on prenormative research 
on advanced materials. The research supported by unique facilities at the JRC will 
be conducted in close contact with manufacturing and user industries and 
furthermore aim at supporting wider European and International standardisation 
efforts in the vast field of new materials. 
Measurement and testing: this centres around activities in both the nuclear and 
non-nuclear field of Reference Materials and Measurements carried out by the 
Central Bureau for Nuclear Measurements. Research in the growing application of 
these specialized techniques to non-nuclear areas will capitalize on existing 
experimental facilities including the particle accelerators. The objective is to 
ensure the availability of up to date methods and reference materials for industry, 
standardisation bodies and national and Community authorities. A similar 
objective will be the pursuit of specific prenormative research activities in the 
fields of Reliability of Structures, notably oriented towards the building and 
construction industries, in extensive collaboration with national research and 
focussing both on theoretical models and exploitation of experimental facilities, 
and on a lesser scale, in renewable Energies (Photovoltaic) centred around the 
existing facilities for testing and measurement. Q 9 
5) 
28 
il Management of Natural Resources 
3 Environment 
The objective is to provide a contribution to the scientific knowledge, technical 
know-how and data needed by the Community, in particular to carry out its role 
with regard to the environment, as spelt out in Title VII of the EEC Treaty, and with 
particular emphasis on prenormative work. 
Protection of the environment: prenormative research on atmospheric chemistry, 
modelling of air pollution transport, research on biosphere-atmosphere 
interaction, notably as a contribution to the global change programmes, in 
collaboration with national research. Development of techniques and systems to 
protect and rehabilitate the natural environment, with emphasis on engineering 
and techniques for monitoring the environment, and research on treatment of 
toxic waste, of contaminated soils and of waste water 
Acquisition, validation, storage of data relevant to the above research, and 
making such data available to public and private bodies. 
Applications of remote sensing: research, with development of techniques for 
applications of data derived from earth observation satellites, on environmental 
mapping and monitoring, particularly of less favoured areas of the Community. 
Application of similar techniques as a contribution to global change programmes 
with emphasis on the monitoring of marine environment and on processes related 
to large scale changes in terrestrial ecosystems. Development of a series of 
advanced techniques, their technologies and engineering, for use in connection 
with the exploitation of new earth observation systems, including microwave 
remote sensing, imaging spectroscopy and data processing 
The research on environmental technologies and engineering will underpin the 
contribution to the European Environment Agency with development of new 
instruments and trial techniques, to the harmonization of methods of 
measurement and to intercalibration. 
The research and application of remote sensing techniques will be performed in 
collaboration with national research and users, and in collaboration with the 
European Space Agency. 
The above-described data-oriented activities will be concentrated around a Centre 
for Earth Observation to be established in harmony with the European Space 
Agency and national organisations with the aim of providing adequate and timely 
information on the state of the environment. The preparatory phases and 
prototype implementation for this Centre are included in the 1992-1994 
programme period 
Industrial hazards: prenormative research on reliability of systems and on studies 
of the assessment and management of technological risks, including use of 
experimental facilities for assessing such risks and investigating accidents. This will 
include the development of decision support systems for plant safety, plant 
emergency management and territorial risk management. In order to accelerate 
the interaction with national research and facilitate the transfer of knowledge to 
industry and national and Community authorities, there will be established, within 
the JRC, a European Office for Safety acting initially through three executive 
centres for accident analysis, accident management and structural integrity, the 
latter will also draw upon the research performed under measurement and 
testing. 
v o 
29 
6. Human Capital and Mobility 
The objective is to provide a particular contribution to help increase the human 
capital in terms of research and technological development, which the Members 
States will be needing for the next decade, and to focus on the interaction and 
collaboration between national teams and laboratories in all Member States and 
the JRC. 
Actions will be chiefly aimed at training young researchers embarking on careers 
in research and technological development by offering them temporary 
attachment to the JRC institutes and embedding them in research teams working 
in collaboration with national teams and laboratories in all Member States on 
projects both of a theoretical nature or on the utilization of existing or new 
experimental facilities. A particular emphasis will be paid to the mobility between 
the national teams and laboratories and the JRC institutes with concertation on 
the choice of joint projects within the area of research of the national teams and 
laboratories and the JRC and a joint selection mechanism for the young 
researchers to benefit from the scheme. 
While encompassing collaboration with all Member States, account must be taken 
of demographic factors and of the research and training structures peculiar to the 
various States, to help each of them to acquire the best possible capabilities. 
34 
30 
ANNEX II 
Amounts deemed necessary for specific programmes with indicative 
breakdown of expenditures for the period 1992-1994 
I. ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 
2 Industrial and Materials Technologies 
Industrial and materials technologies 77.22 million Ecu'" 
Measurement and Testing 89.10 million Ecu11' 
II MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES 
3 Environment 
Environment 148.50 million Ecu0' 
III- MANAGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL RESOURCES 
6 Human Capital and Mobility 
Human Capital and Mobility 24.75 million Ecu0' 
TOTAL 339.57 million Ecu<2' 
( 1 ) An amount equivalent to 6% of these amounts may be used for exploratory research. 
(2) An amount of 3.43 million Ecu not included in the 339.57 million Ecu is reserved, as a 
contribution from the specific programmes of the present decision, for the centralized action 
on dissemination and exploitation of results. 
35 
31-
ANNEXIII 
Rules for implementing the programmes and activities 
for dissemination and exploitation of the results 
The Commission, assisted by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre, shall 
implement the programmes on the basis of the scientific and technical objectives and 
content described in Annex I. 
The rules for implementing the programmes, referred to in Article 3, comprise research and 
technological development projects and accompanying measures. 
The projects shall be the subject of research and technological development performed in 
the relevant Institutes of the JRC (Joint Research Centre). 
The institutes of the JRC shall endeavour, whenever feasible, to execute the projects in 
proper collaboration and in concert with national research bodies in the Member States. 
Particular attention will be paid to associations with industry, notably with small and 
medium sized enterprises in collaborative schemes around the projects. In the same way, 
research bodies established in Third Countries having concluded international agreements 
with the European Community in accordance with Article 130n of the Treaty, may also 
collaborate on the projects. 
4. The accompanying measures shall include: 
the organization of seminars, workshops and scientific conferences; 
the activities of internal coordination, including the organization of particular 
internal centres, which ensure homogeneity of the approach and a unique common 
interface to the users of and partners in the projects; 
the activities of specialized training with accent on multidisciplinarity; 
a system for information exchange; 
the promotion of the exploitation of the research results 
the scientific and strategic independent evaluation of the performance of the 
projects and the programmes. 
5 The dissemination of the knowledge gained through the realization of the projects will be 
done on the one hand by the programmes themselves, and on the other hand by the 
centralized action as described in Artid 4, paragraph 3 of the decision 90/211/Euratom/EEC. 
36 
-32-
Proposal for a 
Council Decision 
of 
adopting specific research programmes to be implemented 
by the Joint Research Centre for the 
European Atomic Energy Community (1992 to 1994) 
(.../.../Euratom) 
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, and in 
particular Article 7 thereof, 
Having regard to*the proposal from the Commission submitted after consultation of the Scientific 
and Technical Committee11', 
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament12', 
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee13', 
Whereas by its Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC'4', the Council adopted a third Framework 
Programme for Community activities in the field of research and technological development 
(1990-1994), specifying in particular the activities to be pursued concerning the management of 
natural resources; whereas this Decision should be taken in the light of the grounds set out in the 
preamble to that Decision; 
Whereas, for activities falling under the EAEC Treaty, Article 2 of the Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC 
provides for the implementation of the third Framework Programme through programmes 
adopted in accordance with Article 7 of the said Treaty; 
Whereas the Joint Research Centre, as set out in Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC, is called on to 
contribute to the implementation of the framework programme particularly in those fields in 
which it can offer an impartial and independent expert opinion for the benefit of all Community 
policies; 
Whereas the Joint Research Centre can contribute to the realisation of said actions, particularly in 
the fields of research in nuclear fission safety and controlled thermonuclear fusion, especially 
concerning prenormative aspects; 
Whereas in the context of these programmes it is desirable that an assessment be made of the 
economic and social impact as well as of any technological risks; 
Whereas pursuant to Article 4 and Annex I of Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC, the funds estimated 
as necessary for the whole Framework Programme include an amount of ECU 57 million for the 
centralized dissemination and exploitation of results, to be divided up in proportion to the 
amount envisaged for each specific programme; 
(1) OJNoC 
(2) OJNoC 
(3) OJNoC 
(4) OJ No L 117, 8. 5 1990, p. 28. 37 
33 
Whereas Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC provides that a particular aim of Community research must 
be to strengthen the scientific and technological basis of European industry, and to encourage it 
to become more competitive at the international level; whereas that Decision also provides that 
Community action is justified where research contributes, inter alia, to the strengthening of the 
economic and social cohesion of the Community and to the promotion of its overall harmonious 
development, while being consistent with the pursuit of scientific and technical excellence; 
whereas the Programmes of the Joint Research Centre should contribute to the achievement of 
these objectives; 
Whereas the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre plays a significant part on one hand 
in the administrative operation of the Centre and on the other, in the implementation of its 
research programmes; 
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: 
Article 1 
The specific research and development programmes to be executed by the Joint Research Centre 
for the European Atomic Energy Community in the fields of research in nuclear fission safety and 
controlled nuclear fission, especially concerning prenormative aspects, as defined in Annex I, 
including exploratory research activities, are hereby adopted for a period running from 
1 January 1992 to 31 December 1994. 
Art/c/e2 
1 The funds estimated as necessary for the execution of the programmes amount to 
ECU 204 93 million. 
2 An indicative allocation of funds is set out in Annex II. 
3 Should the Council take a decision pursuant to Article 1 (4), of Decision 90/221/Euratom, 
EEC, this Decision shall be adapted accordingly. 
Article 3 
Detailed rules for the implementation of the programmes are set out in Annex III. 
Article 4 
1 The Commission shall each year before 31 March submit to the European Parliament and 
the Council a report on the implementation of this Decision. 
2. This report shall be accompanied by the observations of the board of governors. The latter 
may also submit through the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council a separate 
report on any aspect of the implementation of this Decision. 
Article 5 
1. Research carried out by the Joint Research Centre will be evaluated by a group of 
independent external experts set up by the Commission after consulting the board of governors. 
A report on the subject shall be established at the end of the programmes. 
38 
34 
2 The evaluation report, accompanied by the opinion of the board of governors of the Joint 
Research Centre, shall be transmitted by the Commission to Parliament and the Council. 
Article 6 
The reports referred to in Articles 4 and 5 shall be established having regard to the objectives set 
out in Annex I to this Decision and in accordance with Article 2 (4), of Decision 90/221/Euratom, 
EEC. 
Art;c7e 7 
1 The Commission, assisted by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre, shall be 
responsible for carrying out this Decision and to that end shall call upon the services of the Joint 
Research Centre in which is vested the responsibility for the formulation and execution of research 
activities responding to objectives of the Framework Programme. 
2 The Commission, in cooperation with the board of governors, shall ensure periodical 
consultation with relevant Committees to ensure coordination between shared cost actions and 
those of the Joint Research Centre in the same areas with the aim of ensuring a coherent 
approach. 
Article 8 
The Commission shall decide on the terms of reference of the board of governors. 
Article 9 
The Commission is authorized to negotiate, in accordance with Article 101, second indent of the 
Treaty, international agreements, notably with third country members of COST, especially 
member countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and Central and Eastern 
European Countries, with a view to associating them with all or part of the programmes. 
Article 10 
This decision is addressed to the Member States. 
Done at 
for the Council 
The President 
39 
-35-
ANNEX 
Scientific and technical objectives 
The specific research programmes, executed for the EAEC, fully reflect the approach embodied in 
the Third Framework Programme in terms of the scientific and technical goals and the underlying 
aims which it pursues. 
Paragraphs 5b and 5c of Annex II of the Framework Programme form an integral part of the 
present JRC multiannual programme. 
The following presents a summary of the objectives of the programmes based on and taking into 
account the above elements. 
II Management of Natural Resources 
5 Energy 
Nuclear Fission Safety: the aim is to support Member States in the fulfilment of 
their responsibilities for regulating and protecting the environment and 
responding to Treaty obligations. The particular work underlining the 
prenormative dimension will contribute to the enhancement of scientific and 
technical knowledge related to reactor safety by the conduction of accident 
prevention research and severe accident studies, participating in the development 
of risk assessment methods and techniques and concentrating on the study of 
phenomena by using an existing JRC experimental installation and by sharing a 
national research facility. In the area of safeguards and fissile materials 
management, the research conducted in networks of national laboratories 
underpins and aims at the provision of timely results or new techniques essential 
for fulfilling Treaty obligations for safeguards, as well as those of the Non-
Proliferation Treaty. Work will include nuclear materials measurements, 
containment and surveillance techniques and the integration of safeguards 
measures. JRC objectives in the area of radioactive waste management are to 
support the present strategy of the Member States, aiming at the disposal of 
radioactive waste in geological formations and to carry out research on 
management strategies which may lead to a diminution of waste arising from 
future fuel cycle installations. Research conducted in collaboration with national 
laboratories will benefit from existing and newly constructed experimental 
facilities. 
Activities in the nuclear fuel cycle safety area will focus on safety studies 
concerning nuclear fuel behaviour, basic studies on actinides, study of nuclear 
aerosols, together with the mitigation of the minor actinides and other long-lived 
radioactive nuclides in the nuclear fuel cycle. 
Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion: this activity is intended to improve the 
knowledge base and technology of safety and environr >ntal aspects of future 
fusion machines for the European Fusion Programme. Tr -nain part of the work 
will be in support to the Next Step (NET/ITER). An im rtant feature of this 
programme will be the operation of the ETHEL Laboratory for the experimental 
study of the safe management of tritium. Other support to the Next Step will 
encompass design and development in specific technological areas such as remote 
handling of in-vessel components, plasma-facing components tests, data base for ' 
structural materials properties and nuclear data. Long term actions will include 
low activation materials research. 40 
36 
ANNEX II 
Amounts deemed necessary for specific programmes with indicative 
breakdown of expenditure for the period 1992*1994 
II. MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES 
5 Energy 
Nuclear Fission Safety 164.34 million Ecu'1' 
Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion 40.59 million Ecu0' 
TOTAL 204.93 million Ecu'2» 
(1) An amount equivalent to 6% of these amounts deemed necessary may be used for 
exploratory research. 
(2) An amount of Ecu 2 07 million not included in the Ecu 204.93 million is reserved, as a 
contribution from the specific programmes of the present decision, for the centralized action 
on dissemination and exploitation of results. 
41 
37-
ANNEX III 
Rules for implementing the programmes and activities 
for dissemination and exploitation of the results 
1. The Commission, assisted by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre, shall 
implement the programmes on the basis of the scientific and technical objectives and 
content described in Annex I. 
2. The rules for implementing the programmes, referred to in Article 3, comprise research and 
technological development projects and accompanying measures. 
The projects shall be the subject of research and technological development performed in 
the relevant Institutes of the JRC (Joint Research Centre). 
The Institutes of the JRC shall endeavour, whenever feasible, to execute the projects in 
proper collaboration and in concert with national research bodies in the Member States. 
Particular attention will be paid to associations with industry, notably with small and 
medium sized enterprises in collaborative schemes around the projects. In the same way, 
research bodies established in Third Countries having concluded international agreements 
or contracts with the European Community in accordance with Article 101, may also 
collaborate on the projects. 
4. The accompanying measures shall include: 
the organization of seminars, workshops and scientific conferences; 
the activities of internal coordination, including the organization of particular 
internal centres, which ensure homogeneity of the approach and a unique common 
interface to the users of and partners in the projects; 
the activities of specialized training with accent on multidisciplinarity; 
a system for information exchange; 
the promotion of the exploitation of the research results 
the scientific and strategic independent evaluation of the performance of the 
projects and the programmes. 
5. The dissemination of the knowledge gained through the realization of the projects will be 
done on the one hand by the programmes themselves, and on the other hand by the 
centralized action as described in Article 4 (3) of the decision 90/211/Euratom/EEC. 
42 
38-
Proposal for a 
COUNCIL DECISION 
of 
adopting a supplementary research programme to be implemented 
by the Joint Research Centre for the 
European Atomic Energy Community 
(.../.../Euratom) 
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, and in 
particular Article 7 thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission submitted after consultation of the Scientific 
and Technical Committee1", 
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament'2', 
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee'1', 
Whereas, in the context of the common policy relating to the field of science and technology, the 
research programme is one of the principal means whereby the European Atomic Energy 
Community can contribute to the safe use of nuclear energy and to the acquisition and 
dissemination of information in this field, 
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: 
Article 1 
The supplementary programme on the operation of the HFR (high flux) research reactor, 
hereinafter referred to as 'the programme', of which the objectives are given in Annex I, is hereby 
adopted for a period of four years, starting on 1 January 1992. 
Article 2 
The funds estimated as necessary for the execution of the programme amount to 79.0 million ECU. 
An indicative breakdown of this amount is given in Annex II. 
Article 3 
The Commission, assisted by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) shall be 
responsible for carrying out the programme and, to this end, shall call upon the services ofthe JRC. 
(1) OJNoC 
(2) OJNoC 
(3) OJNoC mn 
39 
Article 4 
The Commission shall decide on the terms of reference of the board of governors. 
Article 5 
1 The Commission shall each year, before 31 March, submit to the European Parliament and 
the Council a report on the implementation of this Decision. 
2 This report shall be accompanied by the observations of the board of governors. The board 
of governors may also submit through the Commission to the European Parliament and the 
Council a separate report on any aspect of the implementation of this Decision. 
Article 6 
This Decision is addressed to the Member States. 
Done at 
For the Council 
The President 
44 
-40-
ANNEX 
Scientific and technical objectives 
The principal objectives of the programme are: 
The safe operation of the HFR (High Flux Reactor) in Petten. This comprises routine 
operation of the facility for more than 250 days/year, fuel cycle management and safety and 
quality management. 
Efficient utilization of the reactor in a wide scope of topical sectors: irradiation testing of 
materials for fission reactors, as well as for future thermonuclear fusion reactors, neutron 
applications to solid state physics and materials sciences investigations, radioisotope 
production and related activities, neutron radiography as a non-destructive testing method, 
and treatment of certain types of cancer with neutrons (BORON Neutron Capture Therapy) 
and related research 
45 
-41 
ANNEX II 
Indicative breakdown of resources for the HFR 
The resources to be contributed to the supplementary programme are broken down as follows: 
Federal Republic of Germany: 50% 
Netherlands: 50% 
Other resources are provided for, in addition to the supplementary programme, either under the 
heading of work carried out as part of the JRC specific programmes or under the heading of 
contractual work. 
The indicative breakdown is as follows: 
Supplementary programme: 
(a) Exploitation of reactor 
Federal Republic of Germany: 34.5 million Ecu 
Netherlands: 34.5 million Ecu 
(b) Preparation of experiments (studies, rigs, etc.): 
Federal Republic of Germany: 10.0 million Ecu 
Netherlands: p.m.'1' 
Total appropriations 79.0 million Ecu + p.m. 
JRC specific programmes and contractual p.m. 
work for external third parties 
(1) Work to be carried out directly by the Netherlands, the equivalent of such work valued by 
the Commission at Ecu 10.0 million. tj^ {ry 
TECHNICAL ANNEX 
SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL 
WORK 
This work is presented Institute by Institute, 
47 
1 -
CENTRAL BUREAU FOR NUCLEAR MEASUREMENTS (CBNM) 
/. OBJECTIVES 
The activities of the Central Bureau for Nuclear Measurements (CBNM) are 
dedicated to the promotion of European standards, reference data and materials 
needed by users in the nuclear and non-nuclear fields. In the nuclear field, the 
activities continue to fulfil the obligations laid down in the EURATOM Treaty and 
to meet the necessity to maintain in and for Europe an independent, specialized 
institute for prenormative research on nuclear measurements. 
During the years the Institute has evolved into a high-standing laboratory known 
worldwide for its concept of the search for the true value with the highest 
accuracy possibly attainable with reasonable efforts. 
//. 1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES 
The Institute's activities will be pursued in the following fields: 
preparation, characterisation, certification of samples e.g. bulk samples for 
targets of elements, alloys, compounds as reference materials for nuclear 
and other industries or thin layers as reference samples for electronic and 
chemical industry, or special reference biological materials for trace metal 
analysis; 
long-lived or stable isotope Mass Spectrometry, in particular for the 
development and application of Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS) 
e.g. for improved analysis in different parts of the nuclear fuel cycle or, for 
accurate isotope composition or ratio measurement in the frame of atomic 
weight determination (National Institute of Standards and Technology 
(NIST), Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), International Union of 
Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)); 
nuclear data measurements and evaluation applying the high energy 
resolution neutron sources available (Linear Accelerator (LINAC), 7 MeV Van 
de Graaf (VdG) e.g. fission, fusion and standard application neutron reaction 
cross-sections, upon request from national or international organisations 
(Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Organization for Economic 
Cooperation and Development (OECD), International Atomic Energy Agency 
(IAEA), EC Task Force for "European Fusion File"); 
radionuclide metrology e.g. for intercomparisons upon request from 
international bodies (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), 
International Committee for Radionuclide Metrology (ICRM)) or for 
application in non-destructive testing of conditioned waste; 
applied radiation techniques adapted to the existing accelerators e.g. for 
using neutron and particle beams for irradiation/radiation damage studies 
of biological/semiconductor materials and for microbeam analysis of 
surfaces and reference aerosol filters; 
new and non-nuclear activities are expected to further develop in the fields 
of chemical analysis with improved accuracy due in part to the convincing 
potential of isotope specific methods like mass spectrometry, of microbeam 
analysis of surfaces or thin layers and, in particular, in the field of 
48 
(7) 
2-
applications of the linear accelerator for transition or channelling radiation. 
Indeed the installation of a multipurpose equipment to generate X-rays with 
strongly enhanced intensity in the few keV region by transition radiation, 
and the production of hard X-rays in the 100 to 300 keV region with the 
intensity concentrated in a few discrete lines, would open up a large 
potential of applications, that are currently under investigation at 
synchrotron light sources (such as photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray 
lithography, EXAFS, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, etc.). 
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 
CBNM's work falls under the Framework Programme line "Measurements and 
Testing". The programme is executed under the heading "Reference Materials 
and Reference Methods" to be broken down into the two projects "Nuclear and 
Non-Nuclear Reference Materials" and "Nuclear Measurements and Reference 
Methods". 
Reference Materials and Reference Methods 
The activities backed by the existing and modernized large facilities on site 
(LINAC, VdG, clean lab, mass spectrometers, computer) are of importance for the 
international scientific/technical research communities relying upon accurate 
data, reliable measuring methods and basic reference data, materials and 
methodologies. 
For fission technology, requests are related to data evaluation (Joint European 
File (JEF)) or to experimental verification of fission cross sections, of inelastic 
neutron scattering cross sections and of resonance parameters of structural 
materials (Nuclear Energy Agency's Committee for Reactor Physics 
(NEACRP)/Nuclear Energy Agency s Nuclear Data Committee (NEANDC)). For 
fusion technology, important improvements are aimed at neutron data on tritium 
breeding, nuclear heating, activation and radiation damage. These items are 
requested by the EC Task Force on Neutronics for developing the European Fusion 
File (EFF) to serve the Next European Torus (NET). The International Thermal 
Experimental Reactor (ITER) project in a worldwide frame (EC, Japan, USA, USSR) 
coordinated by the IAEA will enhance future fusion data needs. Radionuclide 
metrology is dedicated to the knowledge of decay scheme data, special standards 
and the improvement in the application of methodologies. 
The availability of high quality nuclear Reference Materials (RMs) to the 
international scientific research community, industry and safeguards' authorities 
will be guaranteed. RMs for Non Destructive Assay (NDA), solid spike RMs and 
reactor neutron dosimetry materials need refined preparation and to undergo 
characterization and certification procedures. The preparation and 
characterization of special nuclear targets and samples for the nuclear data 
research activities will be pursued. 
In the non-nuclear field, the determination of atomic weights will be aiming at an 
ultimate accuracy. The new clean-laboratory facility will be concerned with the 
development and application of isotope specific analytical methods and involved 
in trace element determinations in complex matrices. Particle Induced X-Ray 
Emission (PIXE) spectroscopy, IDMS and special micro and trace element 
determination methods will find appropriate medical/biological research 
applications. The PIXE microbeam technique will be used in connection with 
environmental/occupational health problems. 
CBNM, in addition to its work on nuclear data and nuclear reference materials 
and methods, also will contribute to research, development and certification 
49 
3-
work of non-nuclear reference materials and standards for more general 
application in industry. This is done partly on reauest of the Community 
Reference Bureau (BCR). Other work to be executed on behalf of BCR is the 
organization and the management of "round robin" tests and the storage, 
conditioning, bookkeeping and distribution of various kinds of reference samples. 
Human Capital and Mobility 
CBNM has developed into an world-wide acknowledged centre of excellence in 
the field of high accuracy measurements that attracted senior scientists from 
many countries and enabled young scientists to be trained by research on 
increasingly non-nuclear subjects. 
Particular attention will be devoted to the exploration of the potential of the 
high performance linear electron accelerator (LIN£C) for the training of young 
scientists in the development and application of transition or channelling 
radiation and to establishing a cooperation network that started already with 
research groups in Orsay and Lyon and is expected to be extended to research 
teams and laboratories in other Member countries as well. 
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 
Support activities will be ongoing in the areas of safeguarding (DG I: IAEA and 
DGXVII: European Commission's Safeguards Analytical Measurements (ECSAM)) 
and of innovation transfer (DG XIII). 
Special aspects of the described activities are: 
the response to international requests and needs; 
the reference character and 
the possible use in support to quality control schemes. 
In general, on the basis of its activities, the Institute supports the overall 
harmonization policy of the Commission for the realization and the consolidation 
of the internal European common market starting in 1992. 
CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES 
The efforts to open a market for products based on CBNM expertise (reference 
data and materials) will further be developed despite the expectation of 
organizations in the Member States to receive data and reference materials 
(almost) free of charge in recognition of their countries' contributions to the 
Framework Programme. 
In addition to the sale of nuclear reference materials for analytical measurement 
in the fuel cycle and the supply of various tailor-made samples and target, there is 
an increasing number of requests for the preparation and characterization of 
non-nuclear samples, e.g. trace analysis in inorganic or organic matrices. 
Applied radionuclide metrology is increasingly used , e.g. for solving problems of 
radioactive waste management or for the determination of reactor neutron 
fluences. 
Utilisation of accelerator radiation ("selling beam time") for customers is 
becoming increasingly important by irradiating biological or new (semi-
50 
-4 
conductor) materials in well defined particle beams. Conventional and micro 
techniques for surface analysis are offered to industry and research institutes. 
Training courses on CBNM specific subjects (i.e. isotope mass spectrometry, 
application of reference materials, quality control, metrology and data 
evaluation) are considered to further promote in Europe and worldwide the 
awareness of the necessity of using common reference data and materials. 
51 
INSTITUTE FOR TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS (ITU) 
/. OBJECTIVES 
Thanks to its highly specialized installations, to the expertise of its staff and to the 
fact that it is in possession of one of the rare licences to handle large amounts of 
radioactive materials, the Institute for Transuranium Elements has a well defined 
mission and can be considered as a model case for community research. Its 
technological research programmes deal principally with nuclear safety matters 
(safety of nuclear fuels, characterisation of radioactive waste, nuclear safeguards 
and management of fissionable materials, safety of handling nuclear materials). 
It collaborates closely with a large number of academic and industrial research 
establishments in Europe and overseas and performs contractual research for 
industry and services to the Commission services. 
The Institute for Transuranium Elements will continue to be one of the few 
centres in the world where general knowledge on the chemical and physical 
properties of the transuranium elements, their toxicity, their environmental 
effects and the measures to bring the latter under control, as well as on their 
technical applications, is systematically collected by specialists in the field and 
kept readily available for broad use by the scientific and technological world. 
//. 1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES 
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 
The Specific Research Programme of the Institute for Transuranium Elements will 
remain entirely nuclear-safety oriented. It will concentrate on the Safety of 
Actinides in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, the name of its 1992-1994 Specific 
Programme. 
While fuel development work for advanced power reactors will be decreased to a 
minimum level (compatible with the need to maintain competence in the field) 
and studies of certain aspects of reprocessing will come to an end, investigations 
in the field of nuclear waste management will gain considerably in importance, 
with an accent on the characterisation of unprocessed spent fuel waste forms. 
Fuel pin codes developed in the past years at the Institute will be applied to a 
wide range of scenarios, and theoretical and experimental studies on the fission 
product inventory (source term) and on release mechanisms will be stepped up, 
partly in conjunction with the international PHEBUS PF project. The effect of high 
burn-up on the life expectancy of a fuel pin is of large interest and requires 
extensive studies, especially on the evolution of fuel chemistry at increased Durn-
up (High Burn-Up Chemistry). 
Studies to improve and automate destructive analytical techniques for safeguards 
work will be stepped-up and an intensified effort applied to the adaptation of 
existing methods to non-destructive analysis of spent fuel for fissile material 
accounting purposes. 
Taking into account the ever increasing amounts of transuranium elements which 
have to be dealt with year by year, the study of their basic physical and chemical 
properties, their radio-toxic potential, their possible interaction with the 
environment, represents an important aspect of the nuclear fuel cycle and must 
be further elucidated. 
52 
Basic actinide research, as it has been carried out successfully at the Institute over 
the last twenty years, provides an important contribution to world knowledge on 
the subject and will be maintained. 
Some key elements of the ITU programme will be: 
Study of structural phenomena affecting in-pile performance and life-time 
of fuel in a reactor; Measurement of thermocnemical and thermophysical 
parameters of irradiated fuel materials; 
Studies of methods of aerosol abatement and of size-dependent transport 
of radioactive aerosols in ducts and chimneys; 
Experiments to recover minor actinides from specially prepared fuel 
samples; Improvement of the efficiency of lanthanide/actinide separation 
processes; Improvements in the determination of cross sections for actinide 
transmutation; 
Quality control of waste forms as a function of fabrication parameters; 
Further development and improvement of destructive and non-destructive 
techniques for the determination of radionuclides in waste forms; Extension 
of analytical techniques to "exotic" waste forms; Development of 
tomographic methods for waste form characterisation; Organisation and 
participation in Community exercises for evaluating non-destructive 
techniques to be applied to studies of the behaviour of radionuclides in 
waste forms; 
Setting up of an intelligent data base for predicting the chemical and 
physical properties of hitherto unknown actinide compounds in order to 
"tailor" them to the needs of applications and fundamental research; 
Research with actinide compounds in the fields of soft and hard magnets, 
superconductors, heavy fermions, large Kerr effect compounds, metallic 
glasses; Increased use of synchrotron radiation from European and US 
sources for electronic and structural investigations of actinides and actinide 
compounds; Extension of high-pressure studies with actinides into the 
"virgin" range of 1 to 2 Mbar; 
Melting of ceramics or glasses by heating under lévitation in an acoustic 
field. 
For the efficient implementation of the Institute's activities set out above, it is 
intended to install a dedicated facility for handling the heavier actinide elements 
(Americium Labs). 
The Institute will continue to substantially contribute to the programme on 
Radioactive Waste Management with studies on the characterisation of vitrified 
high-level waste forms and of non-processed spent fuel. 
Efforts will continue to improve destructive techniques for safeguards analysis in 
the frame c the programme on Safeguards and Fissile Materials Managements. 
Human Cachai and Mobility 
Due to its unique facilities for handling radioactive materials and an established 
cooperation with a large number of academic institutions in Europe and overseas, 
The Institute is in an excellent position to contribute to the Human Capital and 
Mobility programme by offering, as in the past, training opportunities to young 
scientists in the fields of nuclear safety and in areas related to the chemistry, the 
physical chemistry and the solid state physics of actinides. 
K 3 
-7-
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 
The Institute will continue to provide assistance to DG XVII Safeguards Directorate 
by analysing nuclear material samples for safeguards measures taken in various 
European nuclear installations, both at the Institute laboratories and on-site (at 
Cap de la Hague and Sellafield). The International Atomic Energy will be 
supported - as requested by DG I - in their efforts to refine, automate, and field-
test analytical equipment for safeguards activities on an international scale. 
In collaboration with DG XIII, the Institute will be active in the exploitation of 
research results by transferring certain equipment and techniques developed at 
the ITU for laboratory use (such as a multi-colour pyrometer or an ultrasonic 
device for aerosol scavenging) to industry for commercial exploitation. 
CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES 
Besides performing research in specific areas defined in the Commission's 
multiannual Framework Programme, the facilities of the Institute and its licence 
for handling major amounts of highly radio-toxic materials will continue to 
attract national safety authorities, the radio-pharmaceutical industry, and 
institutions and industries concerned with ecological problems, as potential 
customers to carry out work ranging from the preparation of actinide compounds 
and radio-isotopes for medical applications to the post-irradiation analysis of 
nuclear fuel pins. 
54 
8 
INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED MATERIALS (1AM) 
/. OBJECTIVES 
It is being increasingly recognised that advanced materials constitute a broad, 
enabling technology, which allows the more effective operation of machines and 
structures of modern industrial society and stimulates the innovation and 
successful exploitation of other technologies. 
Although the widespread perception of the importance of industrial materials is 
expressed today in work in Member States, the effort on advanced materials 
within the Joint Research Centre provides additionality through the European 
dimension and neutrality of the JRC and the opportunity to contribute to 
European cohesion through training and exploitation of unique installations and 
specialisms. 
The aims of the Institute for Advanced Materials are to contribute to enhancing 
the industrial competitivity and safety of components, structures and engines 
relevant mainly to the Energy, Transport, Environment and Manufacturing 
sectors, through advances in the understanding of the basic properties, the 
processability and engineering performance of materials. 
The Institute will carry out its tasks mainly within the explicit aims of the 
Framework Programme, with a significant contribution to scientific and technical 
work in Support to the Commission as well as through industrial contractual work 
with external third parties. 
//. 1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES 
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 
Under the Framework Programme heading "Industrial and Materials 
Technologies", the research will be oriented towards the following areas which 
derive from an extensive forward planning exercise, which have considerable 
potential for enhancing European technological awareness, which require sound 
basic scientific input, technological applications as well as a testing and pre­
normative focus: 
Alloys and Intermetallics: 
Improvement in performance of alloys and intermetallics in extreme operational 
conditions as well as under interactive conditions of corrosive degradation, creep 
and fatigue deformation; emphasis on prenormative features. The action should 
stimulate a wider awareness of the potential of new classes of intermetallic 
materials for future engineering application; to help steer the newly formed 
European Grou -* Structural Intermetallics and to plan together with DG XII to 
launch a Conce Action in this field. 
Ceramics and Composites: 
Improvement in performance of structural ceramics and composites in simulated 
industrial environments; emphasis on pre-normative features and suitable test' 
methodologies. A continuous ceramics fibres initiative should encourage the 
development and application of long, thin ceramic fibres as a reinforcement for 
ceramic and metal matrix composites; to build up this initiative together with the 
55 
-9 
Experts Group and DG XII with the aim of completing a future market study; to 
define and give birth to a new EUREKA project as a prelude to the setting up in 
industry of a manufacturing capability. 
Coatings and Processes: 
Development, testing and diagnostics of protective coating techniques and 
products. Development of new manufacturing techniques for ceramic materials 
and components. 
Operation of joint venture on Advanced Coatings with a Dutch national 
laboratory (ECN). 
Surface Modification Technology: 
Improvement in materials properties - wear, corrosion, fatigue resistance -
through modification of surface state using ion implantation and laser beam 
mixing. 
New Functional Materials: 
Innovation and testing of functional materials for environmental gas sensors and 
for optical and photovoltaic properties. 
Non Destructive and Evaluation Techniques of Advanced Materials and 
Components: 
Development of new non-intrusive evaluation techniques for ceramics, 
composites and thin films. Validation of NDE techniques used in the inspection of 
industrial critical facilities. 
Life Prediction and Reliability Technology: 
Life prediction modelling and life extension treatments on alloys and ceramics. 
Information and Data Management: 
Development of Materials Databanks, appropriate to materials processing. 
Training Workshops on advanced materials and initiating specific initiatives on 
pre-normative research where the objective is to establish a European focal point 
for the exchange of information and to encourage discussion between experts 
from all sectors.of pre-normative research and development in materials, and to 
provide an environment suitable for the training of young scientists interested in 
careers in materials-related standards and their background. 
In the field of Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion of the Framework Programme, 
the Institute intends to contribute through research along the following lines: 
Support to the Next Step Design: 
Plasma facing components - thermal fatigue: irradiation testing in HFR, 
experiments in the Cyclotron; elaboration of a databank on austenitic steels; 
Long Term Technical Developments: 
Low Activation Materials: to evolve along the lines of SiC composites; to consider 
chromium and vanadium and related metallurgical problems; to test potential of 
intermetallics; 
56 
10-
Human Capital and Mobility 
The Institute has a long tradition of postgraduate training with success in the 
preparation of PhD's and has developed a network of European academic 
contacts. The intention is to maintain this important activity, and to expand upon 
it in the above fields of expertise, as well as in the use of large facilities. In 
particular, one will aim to provide an environment suitable for the training of 
young scientists interested in careers in materials-related measurement and 
standards. 
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 
The Institute activities in Scientific and Technological Support for the Commission 
are aimed to support the development of the European industrial standards base 
through pre-normative scientific and technical activities. The following describes 
the fields for which there exists a demand from Commission Directorates General : 
Information and Data Management: 
Support to strategic initiatives and valorisation in Scientific and Technical 
Information Management; initiatives and management of pre-normative 
research and systems development on computerised materials data and 
knowledge bases in engineering materials (DG XIII); 
Initiatives on Standards for Ceramics and Composites: 
Support to and setting up external networks for pre-normative R & D in advanced 
ceramics, composites and other materials as a prelude to CEN/CENELEC 
standardisation (DG III). Evaluation of degradation mechanisms in catalyst 
carriers; development of performance inspection procedures in support of 
Community directives (DG VII; DG XI); 
Development of Codes for Nuclear Components: 
Extend the PISC exercise to the non-destructive evaluation of aged components in 
long serving nuclear installations: verification of NDE procedures for inspection 
and development of safety related codes and standards for large critical industrial 
installations (DG III and DG XVII). 
Standardisation of Radiopharmaceuticals: 
Standardisation of radiopharmaceuticals in support of Council directives 
concerning radio protection of medical staff and patients (DG XI). 
CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES 
The Institute's High Flux Reactor is recognised as one of Europe's foremost multi­
purpose materials research reactors and it is intended to continue to contribute to 
the European research effort through: 
Supplementary Programme in support of the Dutch and German S & T 
strategies with work on materials and fuel aspects of fission reactors and 
thermonuclear fusion; 
The development of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy as a technique for 
treating certain forms of cancer, in cooperation with the Commission 
57 
-11 
concerted action on this subject, carried out with the participation of most 
Member States; 
Application of neutron scattering as a diagnostic technique for materials 
investigations; 
Contractual work for external third parties, for example radio-isotope 
production, neutron radiography and silicon doping. 
Since the introduction of contractual work for external third parties, the Institute 
has already attracted a good number of contracts, both in connection with 
materials technologies and also the exploitation of large facilities. The cultural 
transformation has taken root in the Institute and contractual work for external 
third parties is well accepted as an indicator of the relevance of the research and 
as a vital complement of research conducted under the Specific Programme. 
This type of work represents a key element in future Institute planning and it is 
expected that contract research will continue its rapid growth path in the near 
future to reach a steady state and a significant proportion of the Institute's 
turnover. 
In the materials fields, the industrial sectors which experience indicates should 
have a good response for contract work are: aerospace, power engineering, 
transport. These will continue to be targeted. For the large facilities, the 
Cyclotron in Ispra, following a recent long term agreement with an industrial 
partner, will enter into the production of medical radio-isotopes. 
58 
12 
INSTITUTE FOR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS (ISEI) 
/. OBJECTIVES 
To be the European Commission's centre of excellence in the field of 'complex 
systems' engineering, focussing on the evaluation and development of methods 
addressing the safety, standards and performance of systems which involve 
industrial, social and environmental issues on a pan-European scale. 
In particular, to take the broad, 'systems approach' to the understanding of the 
human, societal and environmental implications of scientific, technological and 
industrial developments in order to provide technical advice for the Balanced 
social and industrial development of European society. 
ISEI will be launching, early in the period, new initiatives in the areas of 
Environmental Accident Management, Safety at Work and later, Safety Critical 
Computer Systems as well as a contribution to the proposed Centre for Earth 
Observation. ISEI's new initiatives will be built on top of the Institute's existing 
strengths of systems engineering orientated to safety of systems, and ISEI's 
underlying strength in informatics which is based both on ISEI's JRC-wide 
informatics service and the Institute's advanced applications work. 
//. 1992-1994 ACTIVITIES 
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 
Environment 
ISEI activity under the Environment Programme will relate essentially to industrial 
safety and environmental risk management and will focus on the development of 
decision support systems for plant safety, emergency management and territorial 
risk management, including methods and approaches for modelling relevant 
decision processes. 
ISEI will strengthen the work on the development of methodology and 
technology to support the assessment of the reliability and safety of industrial 
and technical systems by widening the scope to take into account the human and 
social interfaces, and the environmental compatibility. In this context, new 
approaches to modelling decision processes and control strategies will be 
developed, based on recent advances in system science and on the outcome of 
exploratory researches performed in the 1988-1991 programme. These objectives 
will be tackled in partnership with industrial and academic researchers from 
across Europe. 
Additionally, ISEI's efforts in areas of public concern such as the environmental 
impact of the releases of chemicals from industrial and transport activities will 
lead to a major new initiative: the establishment of an Accident Management 
Centre, forming part of the European Office for Safety. The Centre's objective is 
to create, in connection with DG XI and national authorities, a comprehensive 
information system on accident prevention, mitigation and response, based on 
the best available information technology (hypermedia, expert systems, etc.) to 
enhance the dissemination of information on preventive measures and 
emergency management for industrial and transportation accidents having 
severe impact on the population and the environment. The Centre will provide 
response/rescue organizations with information and research results quickly 
59 
-13 
available to help in an actual emergency. The activity will include the 
development of decision support systems for environmental emergency 
management, education and training, post accident analyses, auditing of 
emergency plans for accidents having cross border impacts and studies of 
communicating with the public about risks taking into account cultural and 
legislative differences between European regions. 
A further new activity of the Institute in the environmental area would be its 
informatics and data handling support to the Centre for Earth Observation (CEO) 
which is described in section 17 of Chapter I. 
Industrial and Materials Technologies 
ISEI's second new initiative will be in the area of Safety at Work. Here, the 
objective will be to conduct and coordinate research activities concerning 
occupational and organisational aspects of the working environment as well as 
prevention and management of accidents. The work will have two main thrusts: 
the organisation of an information and documentation service concerning EEC 
regulations and norms plus occupational accidents statistics and analyses 
developed by the Member States; and the establishment of a laboratory of 
human-machine systems interaction which will, by simulation and experimental 
studies using real domains, evaluate the impact of new technologies on safety at 
work (computerised diagnostic systems, robots, distributed decision making and 
communication, cognitive models in use by industrial designers) and research on 
cognitive and organisational factors affecting the development of a safety culture 
in the work place. 
Measurement and Testing 
ISEI will perform specific prenormative research in the field of probabilistic 
residual life prediction of structures. The activity will be centred around existing 
specialized installations such as STRIKE (Structural Reliability Investigation by 
Knowledge Engineering) where integral testing on complex structures can be 
performed. 
The existing work on the development and validation of probabilistic codes and 
expert systems for the evaluation of the lifetime of steel and composite structures 
(pressure vessels, offshore platforms, steam headers) will be extended to consider 
a larger variety of operational conditions and environments (e.g. marine 
environment). 
The specific research on non-intrusive synoptic methods for diagnostics (optical 
diagnostics by coherent light and image processing) will be scaled-up to assess its 
full potential in industrial applications. 
To respond to the needs of the photovoltaic industry, the European Solar Test 
Installation (ESTI) focusses on prenormative research in the field of photovoltaic 
systems with the development of measurement techniques for thin-film and high 
efficiency devices. 
Work in support of the preparation of new standards will put emphasis on 
reliability of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in buildings as well as on high-
value applications. The projects are selected in line with the marketing strategy 
forcontractual work for external third parties. 
GO 
14 
Nuclear Fission Safety 
Reactor Safety 
The existing activities of ISEI on risk and reliability evaluation will be oriented 
towards the development of methodology and technology to assess in time the 
"level of safety" of an aging plant, and at optimising maintenance and control. 
This includes the integration into the methodology of the consideration of the 
change of the component reliability, of the modification of in-plant configuration 
and operation, of the aging of structural parts, of the transfer of knowledge 
between subsequent generations of operators and of changes of man-machine 
interfaces. "Living PSA" techniques, incorporating knowledge based systems, will 
be developed. The effort on the System Response Analyser will be continued with 
particular reference to human behaviour modelling, taking into account the 
changes in man-machine interfaces, e.g. the possible introduction of novel types 
of supervisory systems for the management of accidents. 
Moreover, a benchmark exercise on expert judgment elicitation and combination 
is planned. 
Safeguards and Fissile Materials Management Programme 
The activities in Safeguards and Fissile Materials Management will cover two 
main areas: 
Development of Containment and Surveillance Techniques (CIS) 
CIS techniques are expected to play a much larger role in the 
implementation of nuclear safeguards than in the past because of the 
changing fuel cycle characteristics in terms of size and level of process 
automation. 
They are based on sealing and identification techniques and on optical 
surveillance and monitoring techniques. 
For sealing and tagging of items and containers, there should be wide 
application of some techniques (based on ultrasonic and surface 
topography) presently developed and demonstrated on spent fuel 
containers, etc. 
Multisensor systems based on C/S are now being introduced on an 
experimental basis and demonstrated in nuclear facilities. Further 
development of such systems with the appropriate data management 
is required, in particular for video data reduction and analysis of 
images. 
Demonstration and Performance assessment of existing and new C/S 
devices and development of new procedures will be performed in the 
new LASCO laboratory, including the computer aided tele-operation 
for remote inventory verification in a model of an advanced storage 
area. 
Integration of Safeguards Measures 
The need for development and support activities is conditioned by the 
evolution of the nuclear fuel cycle, the new safeguards strategies designed 
to respond to this evolution and the overall pressures of resource 
limitations. A careful monitoring of the above parameters will be made in 
order to make a more clear and systematic forecasting of safeguards needs 
61 
-15-
and identification of research requirements and to integrate the 
development work in other areas. 
Furthermore, specific data evaluation methods will be developed and 
applied to assess the performances of multisensor measurement systems, for 
instance, for the determination of nuclear materials in large tanks. 
Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion 
The present contribution to the European Fusion Programme concerns the pre-
design activity in support to the Next Step (NET/ITER), as well as exploratory 
studies for the long term development of fusion. In the 1992-1994 period ISEI will 
devote the largest part of its activity in support to the Next Step design (Area 1 of 
the European Fusion Programme Proposal for the period 1990-1994). 
Design work on components of the Next Step will be carried out under specific 
request of the NET-Team. The areas of contribution are: 
structural analysis of plasma facing components during plasma disruption 
events, including validation of the codes used for this purpose; 
Safety analysis of in-vessel components. 
Technological actions will be focused on the construction of mock-ups of in-vessel 
components of the Next Step and tests of remote handling procedures to bring 
the Remote Handling Equipment to the required level of confidence for fully 
remote operation in the reactor. This work will be a continuation of the present 
activity dealing with simulation of remote handling of a 1/3 mock-up of the 
blanket handling device (TELEMAC laboratory). 
In the field of Long-Term Technical Developments (Area 2 of the European 
Fusion Programme), ISEI could, if requested, contribute to the reference design of 
a commercial fusion reactor to be undertaken in Europe. This contribution would 
cover, in particular, the safety and environmental problems - an area where a 
relevant know-how exists in the Institute. 
Work for JET will be done under specific request. 
Human Capital and Mobility 
ISEI will participate in the Human Capital and Mobility programme via 'networks 
of excellence' built from cooperation between the JRC ana national institutions. 
In particular, ISEI will focus its training and research programmes for young 
researchers towards two themes: risk management and advanced computing 
techniques. ISEI is well known for its risk assessment and accident management 
research and in this area acts as a focal point of various networks of industrial and 
academic institutions. Moreover, ISEI is a centre for advanced (parallel) 
computation, being part of DG Xlll's drive to exploit Europe's innovative lead in 
the area of transputer applications. 
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 
The scientific/technical support to the Commission's services for the period 1992-
94 will address the requests coming from nine Directorates General and will cover 
various scientific disciplines available within ISEI. This activity is a large and very 
important component of ISEI's work. 
62 
-16-
The activities may be summarised as follows: 
a) development and analysis of computerised information systems for: 
management of control systems (for the coordination of Fraud 
Prevention Unit) and management of parliamentary petitions 
(Secretariat General); 
world shipbuilding (DG III); 
aircraft incidents (DG VII); 
civil protection for cooperation and mutual assistance in case of 
disaster (DG XI); 
b) support for the implementation of EC directives notably on major accidents 
(DGXI); 
c) Valorisation of R/D results (DG XIII). As is the case for the other Institutes, 
the ISEI is also involved with DG XIII for the exploitation and dissemination 
of research results. Current projects at the Institute are: 
object identification by surface texture; 
on high speed camera holography and image processing; 
support to CORDIS data bases on Community research and 
technological development activities. 
d) development of information systems and containment and surveillance 
techniques for inspectors of the IAEA (DG I) and of the Safeguards 
Directorate (DG XVII); 
e) support to DG XVII demonstration programmes, notably in the photovoltaic 
area while energy savings and energy conservation support will be gradually 
phased out; 
f) support activities for the information technology programmes of DG XIII, 
with a particular emphasis on technology demonstration and 'applications 
pull' activities such as: 
application of software and knowledge engineering R/D results; 
application of parallel computing R/D results; 
training support; 
pilot networking project. 
Support is also provided to the Statistical Office by assistance with the 
developme r of new methods of data analysis. 
The Support to the Commission areas which are expected to expand are the 
activities for the information technology programmes (point f), the 
implementation of EC directives (point b) and proposals are also being made in 
the field of safety at work (DG V). 
63 
-17 
CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES 
ISEI marketing policy will be mainly based on its accumulated know-how and 
recognized competence in developing methods and tools for industrial safety 
and environmental risk assessment and management, backed up by a strong 
informatics expertise. In this area, a particular perspective is open by the 
possibility of participating in projects of national or regional public interest and 
funded at regional or national level. This should include provision of 
informatics and other support to the European Environment Agency. 
Development initiatives undertaken (e.g. Eureka projects or associative projects 
like STARS) jointly with industrial partners in the 1988-1991 programme should 
lead to commercial exploitation in the period 1992-1994. 
An additional potentially significant contribution to the contractual work for 
external third parties income should derive as a spin-off of the expertise 
continuously developed in the frame of the Framework Programme in the area 
of advanced diagnostics, systems performance assessment and systems physical 
protection. 
The possibility of valorizing the European Solar Test Facility (ESTl) in the frame 
of a commercial initiative, that could cover the full operation cost will also be 
explored. 
64 
18-
ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE (El) 
/. OBJECTIVES 
The existence of man is intrinsically connected to his environment via 
biogeochemical cycles which in turn, are affected by material and energy cycles. 
Environmental research, i.e., research relating to the living conditions of man and 
its changes in view of assessing the possibilities and limits of science and 
technology in their endeavour to conserve or regenerate the natural bases of 
human life, is the first member of the logical chain environmental research -
environmental policy - measures of environmental protection - environmental 
conservation. 
Environmental research at the JRC started in 1972. It offered, x^d is continuing to 
offer, multidisciplinary R&D approaches for the clarification ^d description of 
environmental stresses and, in particular, those relative to gi JI environmental 
changes, reduction of pollutant emissions, toxicological an . ecotoxicological 
effects of environmental chemicals. 
An increasing percentage of its efforts is dedicated to technical and scientific 
support to other Commission services dealing with environmental matters. This 
support includes methods for chemical analysis in the air, water, waste and food 
sectors, and the development and maintenance of data banks and modelling 
activities. 
Major achievements were e.g. in the fields of pollution abatement technologies 
(development of a new flue gas desulphurisation process), environmental 
chemicals (establishment and evaluation of an inventory of industrial chemicals 
on the European market), the elucidation of the origin of lead in human blood 
and a post-event comparison of the evolution of the Chernobyl cloud and 
radioactive deposition. 
The scientific disciplines represented in the Institute are (in decreasing numbers) 
chemists, physicists, mathematicians (modellers), biologists, biochemists, 
information scientists, geochemists, meteorologists, chemical and nuclear 
engineers. 
//. 1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES 
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 
The research activities envisaged for 1992-94 of the Environment Institute match 
the Framework Programme themes "Participation in Global Change 
Programmes" (with a natural emphasis on strong cooperation between 
laboratories in the Member States and worldwide), "Technologies and 
Engineering for the Environmen and "Working Environment". Within these 
themes the activities of the El con trateon the folio ng subjects of research: 
Three activities of the Institute deal with aspects of "Global Change": 
Physics of the Atmosphere. It deals with modelling of atmospheric transport 
of pollutants at regional, European and, in collaboration with the Safety. 
Technology Institute, at global level. The emphasis is on intercomparison 
and validation of existing models and improving links with experimental 
input data. 
65 
-19 
The main experimental means are an aerosol laboratory for the study of 
gas/particle interactions and advanced equipment for the use of inert 
atmospheric "tracers", which follow the trajectories of air masses the same 
way as air pollutants do. Within the framework of the Eureka/Eurotrac-
Tract project, first results show that pollutants can well climb the steep 
slopes of the Alps and cross the central Alpine spine. 
Chemistry of the Atmosphere. The scope is to examine the chemical fate of 
biogenic and anthropogenic emissions by studying the kinetics and 
mechanisms of their transformation with relevance to the generation of 
noxious compounds and the build-up of radiatively active gases in the 
troposphere. A part of the activities lies within the framework of the COST 
611-Eureka/Eurotrac-Lactoz project. Sidelines are the monitoring of 
pollutants on a local and regional basis and the development of abatement 
technologies for pollutants from power stations (desulphurisation, denoxing 
and their combination). 
Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions. The focus is on the deposition/emission 
exchanges of substances from different vegetation types and their reactions 
in the near-to-surface atmosphere. Particular attention is given to their role 
in the Mediterranean areas and their contribution to the formation of 
ozone over Europe. In this field of biosphere/atmosphere interactions there 
is a collaboration with the Institute for Remote Sensing Applications which 
focuses on marine and large area aspects. 
The activity contributes to the Eureka/Eurotrac-Biatex project and to the 
IGBP-IGAC project. 
Three further activity areas concentrate on Environmental Chemicals: 
"Soil, Waste, Water" which originates from radio-chemical research 
activities and combines the expertise of soil chemists, geologists and 
modellers acquired in research on radioactive waste disposal to study the 
migration and transformation of organic and inorganic pollutants which 
could reach the ground- and surface waters. The influence of humic 
substances and natural colloids on mobility is particularly considered. 
The development of a mobile laboratory for in-field analysis of 
contaminants in soil, water and chemical waste is under development in the 
framework of the Eureka/Euroenviron project. Further activities are expert 
systems for the management of toxic and hazardous wastes and the 
development of specific analytical methods for persistent organo-chlorine 
compounds in soils and waters. 
The above activities will be strongly focussed on the area of chemical wastes 
and their disposal. 
Activities on water quality include two projects focussed on the 
Mediterranean area and developed in collaboration with different 
European laboratories. The first one on microphyte toxins (MITO project) 
aims at the development of fast and easy-to-use systems for the 
characterization, identification and quantification of algal blooms in fresh 
and marine waters. The second one on analytical quality control aims at the 
detection, quantification and reduction of error sources associated with the 
sampling and analysis procedures for environmental micro contaminant 
monitoring. 
Life Sciences. Work is focused on the evaluation of toxicological and 
ecotoxicological effects of environmental chemicals in four directions: 
66 
20-
(a) experimental activities on trace metals and genotoxic compounds 
including new in-vitro and in-vivo test systems; 
(b) biomonitoring of trace metals for the establishment of background 
values and risk groups in human populations in Europe; 
(c) risk evaluation of environmental chemicals using methods of 
quantitative structure-activity relationships and closely related to this 
activity 
(d) updating and distribution of the ECDIN data bank. 
Activity (b) is part of the Eureka -Euroenviron project. Activities (a), (c) and 
(d) are related to technical support to DG XI for the evaluation of existing 
chemicals and the updating of EC directives on chemicals and some 
exploratory research. 
Indoor Pollution. There are two closely related lines of action: 
(a) Experimental activity aimed at assessing human exposure to a broad 
range of organic pollutants originating from indoor sources and its 
contribution to total exposure, identification and characterization of 
indoor sources and development and validation of related methods; 
(b) Management and Technical Secretariat of the Concerted Action 
"Indoor Air Quality and Its Impact on Man" establishing a 'Europe-
wide' collaboration in this field. 
The activity Environmental Informatics deals with problems related to the real or 
potential presence of harmful compounds in the environment including their 
impact on humans and the different environmental compartments. It includes 
the diagnosis and trend of the environmental contamination by making use of 
pollution environmental data, pollution environmental indices, toxicological 
data, dispersion, transport and migration models from the other activities of the 
Institute. Work is done in collaboration with the ISEI Institute. 
Several of the activities mentioned here or above in the area of global change 
could be concentrated towards a substantial contribution, to the initial phases in 
1992-1994 of the Centre for Earth Observation as described in section 17 of 
Chapter I. 
Human Capital and Mobility 
An important role of the Institute lies in the further education and training of 
young scientists with research aspirations in environmental science and 
technology. The Institute, with its established collaborations with networks of 
national laboratories thus intends to contribute in an essential way, to the aims of 
training of young researchers under the Human Capital and Mobility Programme. 
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 
The scientific and technological support to the Commission responds to the 
requests of DG XI to support the implementation of present and future EC 
Directives on Air Quality, Water Quality, Chemicals and Chemical Waste, under 
the headings Physics of the Atmosphere, Chemistry of the Atmosphere and So/7, 
Waste, Water, respectively. Activities on indoor air pollution will include work 
requested by the Consumer Policy Service. 
67 
21-
The evolution of radioactivity in the environment both under normal conditions 
and in the case of nuclear emergencies is also studied to support the DG XI 
obligations on radiological protection. 
The activity on Food & Drug Analysis, Consumer Protection is performed 
essentially by request of DG 111, VI and the Consumer Policy Service, on reference 
methods for the detection of origin, genuineness, adulteration and food fraud 
(e.g. fruit juices, dairy products and wine, for which a data bank will also be set 
up) and looks after the purity of raw materials used in medicines. In addition to 
this work, requests from the Consumer Policy Service include safety-related 
evaluations on cosmetics, food products and a data bank on safety aspects of a 
wide range of products. Furthermore, analytical work is routinely performed for 
DGXXI. 
The setting-up of A Centre for Validation of Alternative Testing Methods (i.e. 
alternative to animal tests in toxicology) requested by DG XI within the frame of 
the Institute by making use of the existing toxicological laboratories, the 
multidisciplinary scientific support and the experience gained in the validation of 
analytical methods and in the operation of data banks. 
The main task of the Centre will be the coordination, at Community level, of the 
validation of alternative testing methods by establishing analytical protocols and 
intercomparison exercises. 
As a complement to this, the Centre should favour the exchange of information 
by setting up and operating a data bank on alternative testing methods and 
promoting meetings and workshops in order to facilitate dialogue between 
industry, associations for animal protection and regulatory bodies. 
CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES 
Contractual work is developing for public authorities and industry notably in the 
areas of air pollution, water quality, chemical industrial waste and evaluation of 
toxic substances. 
The Environment Institute has already contributed to the Task Force for setting up 
the European Environment Agency and plans are being drawn up for substantial 
support on the harmonisation of analytical methods, intercalibration of 
instruments, standardisation of data formats, development of new 
environmental measurement methods and instruments, as outlined in the Annex 
of the Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Environment 
Agency. 
68 
-22 
INSTITUTE FOR REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS (IRSA) 
/. OBJECTIVES 
The objectives of IRSA are: 
a) to evaluate and demonstrate possible applications of remote sensing in 
support of the sectorial policies of the Commission; 
b) to undertake research on advanced methods for the interpretation and 
utilisation of satellite data, including their integration with geographical 
data; 
c) to help stimulate the scientific community in the use of satellites (a role 
complementary to the mission of the European Space Agency (ESA)). This 
objective should be carried out via collaborative programmes and pilot 
projects of European significance. 
Within this context, IRSA takes part in all four JRC tasks and furthermore serves as 
a focal point for the management of other European or Community projects, 
such as TREES and EARSEC. 
//. 1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES 
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 
The specific programme will contribute to the Framework Programme objectives 
of the Environment line, and notably to the themes "Participation in global 
change programmes" and "Technologies and engineering for the environment". 
This includes the following research: 
Environmental Mapping and Monitoring 
This research activity is aimed at the development of techniques for the 
application of data derived from high resolution earth observation satellites, in 
conjunction with collateral data and information, for the monitoring and 
management of marginal (less favoured) areas of the European Community. 
The activity incorporates the development of advanced image interpretation 
techniques, including the use of artificial intelligence and neural networks in 
conjunction with geographical information systems in order to improve land use 
classification. 
Global change 
Two major contributions to the study of global change are to be developed. 
Monitoring of the Marine Environment. Global Change studies related .j 
the marine environment will concentrate upon studies of the temporal and 
spatial variability of sea surface temperature, ocean colour, biological 
activity and associated bio-geochemical fluxes in the North-East Atlantic. 
Within this activity the development and validation of numerical models of 
the area will be undertaken (see also the S/T Support Commission study, 
OCEAN). 
69 
-23 
Processes Related to Large Scale Changes in Terrestrial Ecosystems. The 
principal objective of this work is to develop approaches to the study of 
changes in terrestrial vegetation canopies at regional to global scales using 
remote sensing data. In so doing, it is intended to model the interactions 
between terrestrial surfaces and the climate in order to better understand 
the possible impacts of change in the biosphere-atmosphere coupling. 
Technologies and Engineering 
Evaluation of a number of advanced techniques which will become important in 
the future as new earth observation systems are developed. These advanced 
techniques include: 
a) Microwave remote sensing 
b) Imaging spectrometry 
c) Data processing 
Each of these are described in more detail below: 
Microwave Remote Sensing. The objective of this work is to undertake 
signature research in the microwave region of the electro-magnetic 
spectrum via laboratory, airborne and spaceborne techniques, in order to 
improve the knowledge of the status and dynamics of ecosystem 
components. Particular emphasis will be given to the implementation and 
use of a signature laboratory, the implementation of a European 
programme for airborne remote sensing experiments, the application and 
interpretation of ERS-1 data, and to the development of advanced 
techniques of information extraction from microwave data. 
Imaging Spectrometry. This activity will evaluate the potential of high 
spectral resolution data for use in land resources applications, land 
degradation and soil erosion processes. Atmospheric, bi-directional and 
polarization effects will be evaluated. 
In addition, field radiometry will be applied in an evaluation of water, 
plants and the atmosphere; this will include the organisation of radiometric 
ground data campaigns in order to calibrate airborne and space sensors and 
to validate atmospheric corrections and classification algorithms. 
Data Processing. Data processing techniques will be developed to handle 
data from advanced sensors, such as imaging spectrometers and radars. 
Methodologies will also be developed to include advanced image 
interpretation techniques using artificial intelligence and neural networks 
and processing imaging spectrometry data. 
Human Capital and Mobility 
The Institute, being involved in the implementation of a new and advanced 
technique like observation of the earth from space, is particularly adapted to the 
training of young scientists in the field. Through a network with national teams 
and laboratories the areas for this training can be: 
microwave signature 
high resolution spectrometry 
expert systems applied to spaceborne data processing 
development of geographical information systems 
thematic applications of remote sensing 
70 
24 
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 
Agriculture 
Two studies will be undertaken in the field of agricultural policy: 
Common Agricultural Policy (Agriculture, DG VI) and the Statistical Office 
(EUROSTAT): Pilot Project of Remote Sensing Applied to Agricultural 
Statistics. The objective of this work is to develop and demonstrate, up to 
the semi-operational scale, methodologies which integrate remote sensing 
data into the collection of statistics of crop acreage and agricultural 
production in the CEC. 
Common Agricultural Policy (DG VI, FEOGA): Integrated System of 
Agricultural Subsidy Control based on Area Declaration. In order to support 
operational applications in agricultural subsidy control related to the 
declaration of areas under crop, for durum wheat, cotton, olive trees, set-
aside land and vineyard removal, as well as vineyard and citrus registers, 
airborne and spaceborne remotely sensed data will be integrated in a 
complete system which will reduce the quantity of fieldwork and also 
reduce the subjectivity of the control decision. 
Tropical Vegetation Monitoring 
Two studies will be undertaken involving the monitoring of tropical vegetation: 
Development Policy (DG VIII): Application of Remote Sensing to the 
Monitoring of Tropical Vegetation. The objective of this work is to continue 
the development of remote sensing techniques in the monitoring and 
forecasting of foodcrop production in West Africa, the evaluation of the 
impact of vegetation conditions upon water resources in West African river 
basins, and to undertake an inventory of tropical forests and deforestation 
on a global scale (see also Specific Programme, Global Change). 
External Affairs (DG I): Detection of Narcotic Plants A feasibility study 
regarding the potential detection of narcotic crops (coca, poppy) using 
remotely sensed data will be undertaken for specific sites throughout the 
world. 
Ma rin e En vironmen t 
Two studies will be undertaken including the marine environment: 
External Affairs (DG I): Applications of Remote Sensing to Marine 
Productivity. The application of remote sensing data, in conjunction with 
conventional oceanography and meteorological data, will be evaluated for 
the study of coastal upwelling and fishery management off the Northwest 
African coast (see also the Specific Programme, Global Change). 
Environment (DG XI): Ocean Colour European Archive Network (OCEAN) 
Project. OCEAN, a joint initiative of IRSA and ESA, aims at a thorough 
reappraisal of all ocean colour data derived from the Coastal Zone Colour 
Scanner (CZCS) on seas of European concern, and at their exploitation for an 
improved understanding of marine environmental issues (reference should 
also be made to the Specific Programme, Global Change). 
71 
-25 
Land Use 
Environment (DG XI): Corine Land Cover. The objective of this ongoing 
study is to implement methods to update the Corine land cover database 
using existing methods developed under the S/T Support Commission study 
on Agricultural Statistics, and new methods incorporating automatic 
classification techniques to permit regular updating. 
CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES 
The contractual work for external third parties comprises the developments, 
implementation and testing of the lidar fluorosensor on a helicopter-based 
platform in cooperation with an industrial firm. The Institute also plans to make 
available to outside third parties, its specialised scientific installations, such as the 
radar signature laboratory. Its planned support to the European Environment 
Agency, notably by the application of remote sensing techniques, will be 
included under this heading. 
Cooperation with ESA 
In addition to the OCEAN project, the Institute is implementing two other 
European projects: 
Tropical Forest Monitoring (TREES). The TREES Project, jointly undertaken 
with ESA, will develop a satellite-based methodology for a continuous 
monitoring of the tropical forest at global levels using AVHRR and ERS-1, 
SAR data (see also Specific Programme Global Change). 
European Airborne Remote Sensing Capabilities (EARSEC). The objective of 
this work, jointly undertaken with ESA, is to establish a European capability 
for carrying out airborne remote sensing campaigns. This capability 
incorporates sensors, aircraft and processor, and includes the development 
of these facilities to JRC specifications. 
Several of the activities of the Institute both under the specific research 
programme and other headings, could be concentrated on a shorter term and a 
longer term basis around the Centre for Earth Observation (CEO) to be 
established at the JRC through a collaboration inside with the other relevant JRC 
Institutes (El and ISEI) and outside the JRC with ESA and national authorities. 
72 
26 
SAFETY TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE (STI) 
/. OBJECTIVES 
The Institute's role in the context of JRC activities is to contribute to the 
understanding of complex physical and chemical phenomena and the 
development and validation of calculational tools in areas which are of particular 
concern for the public at large such as safety of nuclear and non-nuclear 
installations, environment, waste treatment of nuclear materials and safeguards. 
Experience shows that due to the complexity and severity of problems, reference 
solutions have to be prepared at European level which make best use of available 
experience in the Member States. 
The approach to the problem conducted by the Institute is deterministic in nature 
and has to be seen as a logical complement to the probabilistic and system frame 
which is being developed by the Institute for Systems Engineering and 
Informatics. Coordination of the two approaches is guaranteed by the European 
Office for Safety described in the introduction chapter, section 14. 
STI is keen to keep a balanced approach between experimentation and 
theoretical analysis. For particular purposes unique facilities are designed, 
constructed and operated. Member States are invited to make extensive use of 
these expensive installations in order to avoid similar expenditures in their home 
organisations and draw the benefits from well coordinated programmes executed 
at Commission and national level. 
//. 1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES 
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 
The Institute's contribution to the Measurement and Testing programme will be 
centred around the Reaction Wall facility that is designed to test full scale 
structures to seismic and other loadings andean be used to help define norms and 
standards particularly in the civil engineering industry. It is fully complementary 
to smaller scale shaking tables in Member States. The analysis and experimental 
activities are part of a programme which has been agreed by an Association of 
European Laboratories. 
The research activities to be undertaken by STI under the Environment 
Programme regard industrial safety. This activity involves, to a large extent, 
disciplinary scientific competences and technical know-how in the field of fluid 
dynamics and multiphase flow which have been developed in the past years by 
the Institute in nuclear reactor safety investigations. 
Industrial safety concentrates on processes in the chemical industry. Strong 
motives for research efforts in this area are: 
the necessity for industry to implement appropriate engineering safety 
measures and to update the latter in the light of technical progress; 
the need to improve continuously knowledge regarding anomalies and 
safety features of processes; 
the need to formulate guidelines for safety methodologies for industrial 
applications, especially in view of the completion of the internal market. 
73 
-27-
Phenomena investigated regard a sequence of failures and engineering safety 
measures in chemical processes: (a) off-normal chemical reactor operation 
leading to "runaway", (b) emergency pressure relief and fluid discharge from 
reactor vessels, (c) release of hazardous fluids with subsequent formation of a 
"dense vapour cloud" which may disperse in the environment and which may 
explode if the substances released are flammable. 
STI will strengthen its expertise in the above area by operating experimental 
facilities ("FIRES" for chemical runaway reations, MPMC for emergency venting 
on problems of industrial relevance) and by applying and validating computer 
programmes (dealing with runaway, venting, "dense" vapour cloud dispersion, 
explosion, and flame propagation). 
The work will be done in close association and partnership with chemical industry 
and address the safety aspects of prevention, mitigation and consequence 
assessment. A strong link already exists with Shared Cost Action programme 
STEP, executed by the Commission. 
In the ERCOFTAC consortium, the JRC has become a pilot centre for multiphase 
multicomponent flow. Here, the specialised informatics infrastructure and 
expertise of the Institute will be placed at the disposal of the participants of the 
consortium. 
In Nuclear Fission Safety and Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion the Institute has 
to accommodate substantial reduction while keeping and developing scientific 
competence in those areas which are of renewed public concern. The Institute 
will concentrate on those projects where a coordinated effort on a European or 
international scale is necessary to make best use of resources and to reach 
common views in the scientifically most complex areas. 
In the Reactor Safety programme the Institute will concentrate on the following 
main items which are all intended to be a focal point and substantial contribution 
to severe accident control and mitigation measures: 
the development and validation of computer codes for the estimation of the 
amount and quality of radioactive products which could potentially be 
released to the environment in the case of severe accidents in light water 
reactors (ESTER); 
the execution of large and small scale tests to study different aspects of 
aerosols and FP chemistry and physics and to provide a data base for code 
validation. Of particular importance in this context will be the continued 
participation of the Commission in the Phebus in pile fission product release 
testing programme and related activities which will be partially performed 
in-house; 
also for light water reactors, the study of complex phenomena like melt 
quenching in the coolant (in-vessel or ex-vessel) in the case of fuel melting 
and release on the vessel bottom or in the reactor cavity. In the FARO plant, 
tests with real reactor material in representative conditions will be 
performed. Later on, ex-vessel situations are also expected to be studied; 
new studies will be undertaken on the containment (loading and response) 
in the case of severe accidents in close cooperation with Member States' 
organizations. 
In the Safeguards Research Programme, the STI contributes to research aiming at 
seeking at medium term and longer term basis new and improved methods for 
the Safeguards activities executed by the Commission inspectors (DG XVII) and 
74 
-28 
IAEA inspectors in the frame of the EURATOM Treaty and the Non-Proliferation 
Treaty. The research and collaboration with national research thus underpins the 
technical support provided by the JRC to DG XVII and to DG I (for IAEA). 
The mam scope of the programme is: 
Design and construction of integrated non destructive assay instruments; 
Development of techniques for NDA monitoring of Fissile Material; 
Setting up facilities for calibration and training. 
The Safety Technology Institute has set up the calibration and training laboratory 
PRE PERLA that started operation in 1987 having an important inventory of well 
characterized reference materials. An average of 12 training cou^ <?s for ti% 
facility are given each year to Euratom and IAEA inspectors as par : the la 
described scientific and technolo< I support to the Commission. 
In 1991, the new PERLA labor ry will be operational and wi. gradual» 
substitute PRE PERLA. 
A new generation of intelligent instruments specifically studied for customers will 
be developed to be delivered to the DG XVII Safeguards Directorate and IAEA. 
New Fissile Material bulk standards will be characterized and acquired for the 
PERLA inventory. 
The Institute's contribution to the Radioactive Waste Management programme 
has always pursued a double objective: to support available technologies for fuel 
reprocessing and waste disposal and to carry out research which may lead to 
diminution of waste and mitigate the acceptability problems of final waste 
disposal 
In particular the PETRA facility has been designed an onstructed to undertake 
tasks on a significant scale which may be summarised a. ollows : 
extend the Purex process to handle fuel elements having a high-burn-up; 
provide an independent characterisation of vitrified waste; 
verify new partitioning processes for the separation of long lived 
radioisotopes; 
process non-standard spent fuel; 
test methods and procedures pertaining to fissile material accountancy. 
Because of the multipurpose nature of the programme and the diverse interests 
of customers, PETRA will be operated with funding which is shared equally by the 
JRC programme, and interested organisations in Member States or third 
countries. It is foreseen at this stage to ensure a gradual operation .f PETRA 
which should not be initiated before the availability of funds oucside the 
programme is confirmed. 
The JRC activities in Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion are largely oriented 
towards nuclear safety-relevant aspects of fusion machines aimed at preventing 
and eventually mitigating adverse effects from both routinely and accidentally 
originated release of radioactive materials, prevailingly tritium, into the working 
and generic environment. In this context, STI will concentrate almost entirely on 
75 
-29-
the operation of ETHEL, the European Tritium Handling Experimental Laboratory. 
JRC and KfK cooperated in the design and construction of their tritium 
laboratories and together they will propose a detailed plan which takes into 
account the urgency of problems to be solved for JET and NET/ITER. ETHEL is more 
safety-oriented with particular emphasis given to investigating the migration 
modes of tritium in materials, components and equipments and to assessing 
transfer mechanisms with the ultimate aim of improving the protection of both 
the workers and the general public. ETHEL presents unique possibilities for 
studying loss mechanisms through containment barriers, investigating multiple 
containment systems and developing improved solid tritiated waste handling, 
treatment, conditioning and disposal techniques. 
With the availability of two "climate chambers", the small and the large caisson 
of respectively 5 and 350 m* volume ETHEL is particularly suited for bench mark 
and scale-up tests of any kind of large gas volume treatment systems, thus closing 
the gap between laboratory-scale results and plant-scale design specifications. 
In particular, the following topical areas will be addressed in separate series of 
experiments: 
Tritium interaction with first wall materials; 
Detritiation of large scale air or inert atmospheres in both normal and 
accidental conditions; 
Purification of plasma exhaust and tritium recovery from helium; 
Removal of impurities from hydrogen isotopes and subsequent hydrogen, 
deuterium, tritium separation; 
Development of improved tritiated waste management techniques. 
The above activities will be mainly oriented by the NET/ITER needs. In addition, 
work has been identified in support to JET, the inclusion of which in the 
experimental activities of the ETHEL was judged most useful. 
The most urgent problem for JET in connection with the preparation of the 
tritium phase is to demonstrate to the licensing authorities experimentally the 
tritium permeation rate through thin wall stainless steel bellows at elevated 
temperatures under dynamic operating conditions. It can be anticipated that 
many similar problems will arise for NET, where confidence of the licensing bodies 
will be obtainable only by practical demonstration. ETHEL is a candidate facility 
for such support work. 
The Institute is called to give a minor contribution to the Working Environment 
programme. Laboratories presently working in this area are mostly involved in 
solving problems that require immediate solutions. The aim of STI is to find 
general calculation methods that can be used in the development of norms. The 
work will have the following thrusts: 
basic activities on noise generation and study of transport of toxic and 
inflammable products in a closed environment. 
All the above are contributions to the Framework Programme and reinforce the 
objectives in the various chapters in which the JRC participates. 
76 
-30-
Human Capital and Mobility 
By its multidisciplinary nature, and because of the focal role of some of its 
important and unique installations, the Institute is particularly well prepared to 
contribute to this programme. The Institute offers training for young researchers 
and also draws upon the established networks with national laboratories and 
teams which could be further developed. This will include ERCOFTAC and the 
European Association of Structural Mechanics Laboratories. 
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 
It is planned that the Institute will take a more vigorous part in the Scientific and 
Technological Support for the Commission task. 
This will include continuing provision of safeguards tools as requested by the 
DGXVII Safeguards Directorate and the IAEA (Support to DG I). In the same 
frame, as mentioned above, there will be organised training courses for 
safeguards inspectors both from DG XVII and from IAEA using the unique facilities 
offered by the PERLA facility. 
As already initiated, the STI will continue, but at an increased level, to respond to 
the request of DG XIII for testing and implementing new techniques and 
equipment developed in the ESPRIT programme. Furthermore, it will continue to 
honour the demand from DG XIII for exploitation of research results stemming 
from the activities of the Institute. 
Assistance and transfer of know-how is expected to be provided for DG XI (Safety) 
and DG III (Norms and Standards) and the verification work on imported 
instruments for DG XXI. 
CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES 
Concerning Contractual Work for External Third Parties, the Institute is planning 
a vigorous effort for selling the use of existing facilities to industry and national 
organizations and to put a wider range of multidisciplinary competences at the 
disposal of clients from public or private bodies. 
Ongoing contract work and promising potentials are notably related to industrial 
hazards studies for chemical industries, behaviour of structures submitted to 
dynamic loading for building and construction industries, nuclear industries and 
petrochemical industries. Particular nuclear safety studies are ongoing for 
national authorities or the nuclear industry both related to reactor design and 
operation and to nuclear fuel cycle safety. Furthermore, it is intended to perform 
specific studies related to tritium technology for public authorities or industry. 
77 
-31-
INSTITUTE FOR PROSPECTIVE TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES 
/. OBJECTIVES 
The basic task of the Institute is the acquisition, treatment and analysis of 
information concerning the state and trends of science and technology (S&T) and 
the execution of prospective studies in targeted areas of S&T. 
The aim of the Institute's programme of work is to provide the Institute's 
customers with the background knowledge - data and reasoned arguments, 
scenarios, etc - necessary for informed decision making in matters concerning S&T. 
Thus, the Institute carries out strategic studies of technological developments for 
external customers (mainly other Services of the Commission, but also third party 
customers) and for the JRC (other Institutes, or at the request of the Director 
General's Office). The Institute acts as a consulting office, with no independent 
programme, operating in accordance with the customer-contractor principle and 
this clearly affects the structure of its activities. 
In order to carry out its tasks the Institute has two main functions. The first of 
these is the observatory function in which the Institute endeavours to: 
collect information on trends in technological innovation; 
analyse, process and present the information in order to help determine 
research and technological development strategies; 
develop and use specialized databases of the information collected by the 
Institute, and 
describe the state of science and technology in selected areas of interest to 
the Community. 
The second function is to execute prospective technological studies. This involves 
preparing S&T assessments, forecasts and scenarios as an aid to the formulation of 
research and development strategies, including analyses of economic, social and 
environmental impacts. 
In pursuit of both functions, the Institute will make the best possible use of 
existing national bodies active in the same area, organizing European networks of 
S&T observatories and prospective studies units. 
In this context, the Commission has received an offer from the Spanish 
Government to host the Institute at Seville within the Science Park which will be 
developed there following the EXPO 92. With assurance that the Institute would 
work in a scientific and technical environment, where a strong interaction occurs 
with research structures located at the same place and assurance that the 
implantation would not lead to any additional financial burden to the JRC, the 
Commission considers the proposal favourably. 
The potential availability of work for third parties will be a strong determining 
factor in the decision concerning the location of the Institute. 
78 
32-
//. 1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES 
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 
Work for other JRC institutes will constitute the Institute's input to the 
Framework Programme (the main contribution being under Human Capital and 
Mobility which is described below). As an example of this work, it is expected that 
the studies on Advanced Materials will continue under this heading. 
Human Capital and Mobility 
The Institute will offer young research fellows the opportunity to receive 
specialized training in the field of technological prospective and assessment. 
Basically, the programme will involve "training-through-research", whereby small 
teams, (e.g. 4 to 6 people each) are formed, including young scientists and at least 
one member of the Institute's staff. 
Each team will be in charge of a project concerning technology assessment and 
study of technological prospects in a selected field, chosen from among the 
priority subjects for the Institute. 
Collaboration and exchange of people with other institutes in the Member States 
will be organized and bi-annual seminars, with the participation of external 
experts, will allow the review and evaluation of the work done by each team. 
In addition, the research fellows will be provided with training courses in 
Technological Forecasting and Assessment, language courses and introductory 
courses in European Affairs. 
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 
The future priority envisaged for the Institute is the execution of projects under 
the "Support to the Commission" umbrella. This represents the central mission of 
the Institute and it will be covered by a series of multiannual contracts with 
several Commission Services (Forward Studies Unit (CdP), DG III, DG VII, DG XI, 
etc.). The work will consist of prospective studies in a restricted number of 
sectors and horizontal fields in which the Institute has, or is building up, expertise 
and reputation. These subjects will be reflected in the Institute's Annual Work 
Plans. They will be revised/modified as appropriate following the 
customer/contractor principle. The main fields of activity are expected to be the 
following: 
Energy systems: technological and market penetration potential of 
renewable energies; energy conservation; future options, such as fusion 
energy; problems related to C02 control and other environmental issues. 
Transport systems: air transport and aeronautical industries; high speed 
surface transportation; urban transport, etc. 
Environment: environmental impact of new technologies; technological 
options related to pollution avoidance; environmental technologies 
Future technologies: market penetration of selected advanced materials; 
materials in space applications; space markets; etc. 
79 
-33 
CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES 
To date, this has been largely restricted to central or regional public bodies in the 
Member States. The BMFT (German Federal Ministry for Research and 
Technology) Fusion contract is a good example. In the future it is hoped to 
introduce an industrial and private sector element. 
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES 
Some "horizontal" or ad-hoc studies will be performed for and with DG XII and 
the JRC DG on issues such as: 
innovation process and industrial competitiveness; 
cross-impact of technologies (dual use and cross-sectoral fertilization); 
future strategies for the JRC and for some of its Institutes. 
Baseline studies will be executed, with marginal resources, together with DG 
Xll/Monitor and OECD, to improve the tools required by prospective activities (S&T 
indicators, interfacing national data bases, etc.). 
Finally, the network activities should be consolidated in the 1992-1994 time 
frame. The Institute's antennae in North America and Japan should be fully 
operational and they, together with a network of national experts in the Member 
States, will make significant contributions to the studies of the Institute. 
80 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
81 
Fiche financière N° 1 page 1 
FICHE FINANCIERE N°1: 
Activités de recherche: 3ème programme cadre 
1. Intitulé de l'action: 
Voir ci-dessus. 
2. Lignes budgétaires concernées: 
B6.11 personnel (en partie); 
B6.121 infrastructures administratives et techniques (en partie); 
B6.122 supports scientifiques et techniques (en partie); 
B6.3 crédits opérationnels directs. 
3. Base légale: 
Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994 (3ème programme cadre 
1990-94). 
4. Description de l'action: 
4.1. Objectif spécifique de l'action: activités de recherche, action directe, 
menées par le CCR dans les domaines suivants: 
Technologies industrielles et des matériaux: Matériaux, 
Environnement du travail; 
Mesures et essais; 
Environnement; 
Sûreté de la fission; 
Fusion; 
Capital humain et mobilité. 
Il est prévu d'autre part de consacrer une partie des crédits et moyens, 
à concurrence de 6 % des montants initialement prévus, à des activités 
de recherche exploratoire dans des domaines prometteurs. 
4.2. Durée: 
Exercice 1992-94. 
4 3. Population visée par l'action: 
Communauté scientifique internationale. 
5. Classification de la dépense ou des recettes 
5.1. DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires). 
5.2. CD (Crédits dissociés). 
5.3. Types de recettes visées: ressources propres de la Communauté. 
82 
Fiche financière N° 1 page 2 
La nature de la dépense: 
Couverture des différents moyens mis en oeuvre pour l'exécution des 
programmes de recherches tels que repris au point 2. 
Incidence financière: 
7.1. Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action: 
prévision des dépenses de personnel sur base de l'évolution 
économique à moyen terme dans les divers pays de la 
Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR; 
prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et 
techniques, dans les mêmes conditions; 
évaluation des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution des 
programmes de recherches (dépenses directes pour 
fonctionnement, équipements et contrats). 
Le tableau ci-après met en évidence la nature des dépenses par 
programme spécifique. 
Activité 
Matériaux 
Environnement 
du travail 
Mesures et essais 
Environnement 
Fission 
Fusion 
Capital humain 
et mobilité 
Total Prog.-cadre Personnel 
49 306.812 
8.073 477 
53.688813 
99.207.976 
97 480.344 
25.996.697 
3087 557 
336.841 676 Programme CCR 1992-94 
Moyens de réalisation 
Infrastructure 
admin./tech. 
8.027.726 
1.322.509 
10.012.396 
16.513.872 
18.436.924 
4.591.464 
4.508.344 
63.413.235 Support 
Scient/techn. 
1.639.471 
207.524 
11.561.275 
3.832.520 
23.813.932 
5.205.721 
29.726 
46.290.169 Total 
9.667.197 
1 530.033 
21 573.671 
20.346.392 
42.250.856 
9.797.185 
4.538.070 
109.703.404 Crédits 
opérationnels 
6.366.000 
2.277.000 
13.837.000 
28.945.000 
24.609.000 
4.796.000 
17.124.000 TOTAL 
65.340.009 
11 880.510 
89.099.484 
148.499.368 
164.340.200 
40.589.882 
24.749.627 
97.954.000 | 544.499.080 
Il est à noter que la Commission prévoit un développement des 
activités de l'Institut des Matériaux de Petten s'accompagnant d'un 
accroissement des effectifs de cet Institut. A cette fin un nouveau 
bâtiment à usage de bureaux et laboratoires sera construit sur le te 
de Petten; cette construction fera l'objet d'un contrat de lea. ng 
immobilier avec l'ECN de Petten. 
La signature en est prévue à la fin de l'exercice 1991 avec un premier 
versement de 320.000 écus. Le solde payable en 5 annualités de 
300.000 écus permettra au CCR de devenir propriétaire de cette-
construction à l'issue de cette période. Le coût global de l'opération y 
compris travaux annexes et aménagements intérieurs est estimé à 
1.900.000 écus. 
83 
Fiche financière N° 2 page 1 
FICHE FINANCIERE N° 2: 
Activités de Support scientifique et technique à la Commission 
1. Intitulé de l'action: 
Activités de Support à la Commission 
2. Lignes budgétaires concernées: 
B6.11 personnel (en partie); 
B6.121 infrastructures administratives et techniques (en partie); 
B6.122 supports scientifiques et techniques (en partie); 
B6.421 crédits opérationnels directs. 
3. Base légale: 
Article 8 du Traité instituant la Communauté Européenne de l'Energie 
Atomique (EURATOM); 
Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994. 
4. Description de l'action: 
4.1. Objectif spécifique de l'action: 
Apporter aux politiques sectorielle de la Commission, chaque fois que 
de besoin, l'expertise ou le support scientifique et technique du CCR 
dans les domaines de sa compétence. 
4.2. Durée: 
La plupart de ces actions s'étendent sur plusieurs exercices et font 
l'objet d'accords pluriannuels avec les Directions générales 
concernées. Certaines d'entre elles ont toutefois un caractère 
ponctuel et ne font pas l'objet d'un accord pluriannuel. 
4.3. Population visée par l'action: 
l'ensemble de la population concernée par les politiques sectorielles 
communautaires faisant appel à des technique relevant du domaine 
de la Recherche et du Développement. 
5. Classification de la dépense: 
5.1. DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires). 
5.2. CD (Credits dissociés). 
5.3. Types de recettes visées: ressources propres de la Communauté. 
84 
Fiche financière N° 2 page 2 
6. Type de la dépense: 
Couverture des différents moyens rms en oeuvre pour l'exécution des 
activités de support scientifique et technique tels que repris au point 2. 
Incidence financière: 
7.1. Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action 
prévision des dépenses de personnel sur base de l'évolution 
économique à moyen terme dans les divers pays de la 
Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR; 
prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et 
techniques, dans les mêmes conditions; 
évaluation des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution des 
programmes de recherches (dépenses directes pour 
fonctionnement, équipements et contrats). 
Le tableau ci-après met en évidence la nature des dépenses par 
programme spécifique. 
Activité 
Support 
Commission Personnel 
108278832 Programme CCR 1992-94 
Moyens de réalisation 
Infrastructure 
admin./tech. 
18 285 928 Support 
Scient/techn. 
8.084.742 Total 
26.370.670 Crédits 
opérationnels 
55.351.000 TOTAL 
190.000.502 
7.2. Part du "mini-budget" dans le coût total de l'action: 
La part du mini-budget représente environ 6 % du coût total de 
l'action. 
7.3. Programmation indicative: 
Le tableau ci-après met en évidence l'effort que le CCR prévoit 
d'effectuer dans ce domaine au cours des exercices 1992-1994. 
8. Dispositions anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action: 
Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier 
dans les quatre centres du CCR. 
9. Eléments d'analyse coût-efficacité: 
9.1. Appréciation et analyse des objectifs: 
Les activité de support à la Commission sont destinées à appuyer la 
mise en oeuvre -et/ou la formation) des politiques communautaires. 
85 
Fiche financière N° 1 page 3 
Il est à noter également l'intention de la Commission de procéder à la 
réhabilitation d'un ensemble de logements sociaux dont dispose le 
CCR Ispra (Village Brebbia) pour augmenter les capacités d'accueil des 
jeunes arrivés, notamment boursiers, stagiaires, visiteurs scientifiques; 
cette politique se situe en particulier dans le cadre de la politique 
d'ouverture du CCR, menées depuis le début 1988 aux jeunes 
scientifiques de tous les horizons. 
Le coût de cette réhabilitation est estimée à 1.600.000 écus pour les 
travaux de restructuration proprement dit (exercice 1993) et environ 
350.000 écus pour les aménagements internes (exercice 1993). 
7.2. Part du " mini-budget" dans le coût total du programme environ 1 %. 
7.3. Programmation indicative. 
8. Dispositions anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action: 
Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier 
dans les quatre centres du CCR. 
9. Eléments d'analyse coût-efficacité: 
9.1. Appréciation et analyse des objectifs: 
Les programmes spécifiques de R & D répondent aux objectifs définis 
dans le programme-cadre 1990-1994 en tenant compte du principe de 
subsidiarité. 
Les objectifs spécifiques du CCR pour son programme 1992-1994 
seront fixés dans les annexes aux décisions du Conseil. Comme prévu 
dans l'article 2 du Règlement financier, chacun de ces objectifs 
spécifiques fera l'objet, tout en tenant compte de la nature de la 
recherche, d'une quantification par le CCR, en termes opérationnels. 
Cette quantification devrait permettre l'établissement d'indicateurs 
de performance qui seront utilisés dans le cadre de l'évaluation future 
des résultats acquis par rapport aux.objectifs. 
9.2. Justification de l'action: 
Participation du CCR dans une partie des actions (actions nucléaires et 
non nucléaires) dont le montant global et les thèmes ont été définis 
par décision du Conseil (décision 90/224/EURATOM CEE du Conseil du 
13.04.90 J.O.L 117/90). 
9.3. Evaluation: 
C'est dans le cadre de l'exécution proprement dite des activités du CCR 
(objectif de recherche, support à la Commission, activités pour le 
compte de tiers) que l'efficacité des moyens mis en oeuvre, dont le 
personnel représente la composante la plus importante, est analysée 
selon les critères suivants: 
l'application du principe contractant-client pour les activités de 
R&D du CCR garantit leur utilisation -1 % du montant réservé au 
sein du programme cadre sera utilisé pour la diffusion et 
l'utilisation des résultats dans le cadre du programme VALUE; 
8 
Fiche financière N° 1 page 4 
l'ensemble des activités du CCR font l'objet de "work schedules" 
annuels soumis à l'approbation du Conseil d'Administration du 
CCR. Ils indiquent les étapes des différents projets de R&D; 
le système informatisé MACS de comptabilité de gestion, 
récemment mis en service, doit permettre un contrôle plus précis 
des coûts. Par ailleurs, la mise en place d'une unité d'efficacité de 
gestion (Management Efficiency Unit) doit assurer la revue 
permanente des procédés de gestion pour assurer, entre autres, 
la diminution des frais généraux. 
De manière à juger de leur efficacité, les activités du CCR feront 
l'objet d'un suivi et d'une évaluation afin d'examiner dans quelle 
mesure chacun des objectifs spécifiques fixés par le Conseil aura 
été atteint tout en tenant compte des indicateurs de 
performance préétablis et du rapport coût-efficacité. 
87 
Fiche financière N° 2 page 1 
FICHE FINANCIERE N° 2: 
Activités de Support scientifique et technique à la Commission 
1. Intitulé de l'action: 
Activités de Support à ia Commission 
2. Lignes budgétaires concernées: 
B6.11 personnel (en partie); 
B6.121 infrastructures administratives et techniques (en partie); 
B6.122 supports scientifiques et techniques (en partie); 
B6.421 crédits opérationnels directs. 
3. Base légale: 
Article 8 du Traité instituant la Communauté Européenne de l'Energie 
Atomique (EURATOM); 
Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994. 
4. Description de l'action: 
4.1. Objectif spécifique de l'action: 
Apporter aux politiques sectorielle de la Commission, chaque fois que 
de besoin, l'expertise ou le support scientifique et technique du CCR 
dans les domaines de sa compétence. 
4.2. Durée: 
La plupart de ces actions s'étendent sur plusieurs exercices et font 
l'objet d'accords pluriannuels avec les Directions générales 
concernées. Certaines d'entre elles ont toutefois un caractère 
ponctuel et ne font pas l'objet d'un accord pluriannuel. 
4.3. Population visée par l'action: 
l'ensemble de la population concernée par les politiques sectorielles 
communautaires faisant appel à des technique relevant du domaine 
de la Recherche et du Développement. 
5. Classification de la dépense: 
5.1. DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires). 
5.2. CD (Credits dissociés). 
5.3. Types de recettes visées: ressources propres de la Communauté. 
88 
Fiche financière N° 2 page 2 
6. Type de la dépense: 
Couverture des différents moyens mis en oeuvre pour l'exécution des 
activités de support scientifique et technique tels que repris au point 2. 
7. Incidence financière: 
7.1. Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action: 
prévision des dépenses de personnel sur base de l'évolution 
économique à moyen terme dans les divers pays de la 
Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR; 
prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et 
techniques, dans les mêmes conditions; 
évaluation des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution des 
programmes de recherches (dépenses directes pour 
fonctionnement, équipements et contrats). 
Le tableau ci-après met en évidence la nature des dépenses par 
programme spécifique. 
Activité 
Support 
Commission Personnel 
108278832 Programme CCR 1992-94 
Moyens de réalisation 
Infrastructure 
ad m in./tech. 
18 285.928 Support 
Scient/techn. 
8.084.742 Total 
26.370.670 Crédits 
opérationnels 
55.351.000 TOTAL 
190.000.502 
7.2. Part du "mini-budget*' dans le coût total de l'action: 
La part du mini-budget représente environ 6 % du coût total de 
l'action. 
7.3. Programmation indicative: 
Le tableau ci-après met en évidence l'effort que le CCR prévoit 
d'effectuer dans ce domaine au cours des exercices 1992-1994. 
8. Dispositions anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action: 
Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier 
dans les quatre centres du CCR. 
9. Eléments d'analyse coût-efficacité: 
9.1. Appréciation et analyse des objectifs: 
Les activité de support à la Commission sont destinées à appuyer la 
mise en oeuvre -et/ou la formation) des politiques communautaires. 
89 
Fiche financière N° 2 page 3 
9.2. Justification de l'action: 
L'application du principe contractant-client pour les activités de R & D 
garantit leur utilisation. 
9.3. Evaluation: 
ces activités sont analysées et contrôlées comme toute les autres 
activités du CCR; 
l'ensemble des activités du CCR font l'objet de "work schedules" 
annuels soumis à l'approbation du Conseil d'Administration du 
CCR. Ils indiquent les étapes des différents projets de R&D; 
le système informatisé MACS de comptabilité de gestion, 
récemment mis en service, doit permettre un contrôle plus précis 
des coûts. Par ailleurs, la mise en place d'une unité d'efficacité de 
gestion (Management Efficiency Unit) doit assurer la revue 
permanente des procédés de gestion pour assurer, entre autres, 
la diminution des frais généraux; 
de plus, les objectifs à atteindre, les moyens nécessaires et les 
résultats obtenus font l'objet d'examens périodiques entre les 
responsables de la Direction générale du CCR et les autres 
Directions générales concernées. 
80 
Fiche financière N° 3 page 1 
FICHE FINANCIERE N° 3: 
Prestations de services pour le compte de tiers 
1. Intitulé de l'action: 
Voir ci-dessus. 
2. Lignes budgétaires concernées: 
B6.11 personnel (en partie); 
B6.121 infrastructures administratives et techniques (en partie); 
B6.122 supports scientifiques et techniques (en partie); 
B6.431. 
Cette dernière ligne est destinée a accueillir les crédits nécessaires aux 
dépenses spécifiques des divers travaux exécutés pour le compte de tiers qui 
font, cas par cas, l'objet d'une évaluation avec les tiers concernés. 
Conformément aux dispositions de l'article 96 paragraphe 1 du règlement 
financier, cette ligne fera l'objet, en cours d'exercice, de l'ouverture de 
crédits supplémentaires pour les dépenses spécifiques propres à chaque 
contrat avec un tiers, à concurrence des recettes à inscrire au poste 
correspondant du budget général. 
3. Base légale: 
Règlement Financier, Article 96: 
Résolution du Conseil du 29 juin 1988, concernant les activités devant être 
exécutées par le Centre Commun de recherche (CCR) (J.P. n° C 197 du 
27.7.1988, p. 4); 
Décision 89/340/CEE du Conseil, du 3 mai 1988, concernant les travaux en 
rapport avec la Communauté économique européenne, réalisés pour des 
tiers par le Centre commun de recherche (JO n° L 142 du 25.5.1989, p. 10); 
Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994. 
4. Description de l'action: 
4.1 Objectifs spécifiques de l'action: 
Exécuter sur demande et contre rémunération des travaux pour le 
compte de tiers. 
4.2. Durée: 
Actions ponctuelles renouvelables ayant souvent un caractère 
plunannuel. 
4.3. Population visée par l'action: 
Organismes de recherche, industries et PME (Petites et Moyennes 
Entreprises). 91 
Fiche financière N° 3 page 2 
Classification de la dépense ou des recettes: 
5.1. DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires). 
5.2. CD (Crédits dissociés). 
5.3. Types de recettes visées: 
Ressources propres de la Communauté donnant lieu à remboursement 
et recettes tiers. 
6. La nature des recettes: 
Types de la dépense et de la recette: 
Les travaux donnent par principe lieu à recettes dans le cadre de contrats 
signés avec des tiers. 
Toutefois pour garantir la couverture légale du personnel relevant du 
Tableau des effectifs et assurer le fonctionnement des Instituts et des 
services responsables du site d'Ispra une avance sous forme de crédits 
budgétaires, articles B6-111, B6-121 et B6-122 correspondant aux moyens 
(frais généraux correspondant au personnel de recherche envisagé et 
utilisation des Supports scientifiques et techniques) que le CCR prévoit de 
mettre à disposition de ce type d'activité est demandée à l'Autorité 
Budgétaire. Dans ces conditions une recette correspondante est constituée 
par les ressources propres de la Communauté, mais elle devrait être 
couverte par des contrats tiers d'un montant équivalent. 
Les recettes provenant de contrats tiers au-delà de ce remboursement 
permettent la création de crédits supplémentaires à l'article B6 431 afin de 
couvrir des dépenses spécifiques nécessaires pour l'exécution des contrats 
(article 96 du R.F.) 
7. Incidence financière: 
7.1. Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action : 
Compte tenu de l'expérience du passé et du personnel que le CCR 
prévoit de mettre à disposition de ces activités le mode de calcul est 
celui des autres activités du CCR. 
prévisions des dépenses de personnel sur base de l'évolution 
économique à moyen terme dans les divers pays de la 
Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR; 
prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et 
techniques, dans les mêmes conditions; 
évolution des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution de ces 
activités pour le compte de tiers. Sur base de l'expérience acquise 
lors du programme 1988-1991 ces crédits spécifiques sont évalués 
à 40 % du coût total des contrats tiers. 
7.2. Part du "mini-budget" dans le coût total de l'action: 
Sans objet. 92 
Fiche financière N° 3 page 3 
7.3. Programmation indicative: 
En principe sans objet, s'agissant d'actions ponctuelles. 
Le tableau ci-après met toutefois en évidence l'effet que le CCR 
prévoit d'effectuer dans ce domaine au cours des exercices 1992 à 
1994. 
Activité 
Prestations tiers Personnel 
34.068 064 Programme CCR 1992-94 
Moyens de réalisation 
Infrastructure 
admin./tech. 
5.837 027 Support 
Scient./techn. 
3.728.573 Total 
9.565.600 Crédits 
opérationnels 
24.367.000 TOTAL 
68.000.664 
7.4. Gestion des recettes: 
Les recettes provenant des prestations pour tiers donnent lieu à 
remboursement des lignes budgétaires concernées (voir point 2) à 
concurrence des recettes encaissées. 
A cette fin les recettes provenant des prestations pour tiers sont 
ventilées entre: 
les recettes donnant lieu à l'ouverture de crédits 
supplémentaires; 
les recettes donnant lieu à remboursement au budget général. 
Ces dernières correspondent aux remboursements dus au titre 
des avances effectuées par le budget général. 
Elles concernent: 
les dépenses de personnel; 
les frais généraux; 
les éventuels supports scientifiques et techniques. 
Les montants donnant lieu à remboursement sont déterminés lors de 
l'établissement de chaque contrat de prestations pour tiers, 
conformément aux règles internes. 
Lors de leur encaissement, les recettes dont imputées à l'état des 
recettes sur les lignes budgétaires ouvertes à cet effet. 
8. Dispositions anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action: 
Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier 
dans les quatre centres du CCR. 
9. Eléments d'analyse coût-efficacité: 
9.1. Appréciation et analyse des objectifs: 
Les activités pour comptes de tiers sont destinées pour l'essentiel à 
renforcer la compétitivité industrielle de la Communauté. 93 
Fiche financière N° 3 page 4 
9.2. Justification de l'action 
L'application du principe contractant-client pour les activités de R & D 
du CCR garantit leur utilisation. 
9.3. Evaluation: 
le nombre et le volume des contrats signés dans ce cadre est un 
indice d'évaluation du coût /efficacité; 
le système informatisé MACS de comptabilité de gestion, 
récemment mis en service, doit permettre un contrôle plus précis 
des coûts. Par ailleurs, la mise en place d'une unité d'efficacité de 
gestion (Management Efficiency Unit) doit assurer la revue 
permanente des procédés de gestion pour assurer, entre autres, 
la diminution des frais généraux. 
94 
worfc for third Qflr»iTt (etctudlna ^Fft) 
est imatedi oute^m* igga-isai (UECin 
95 jiuding recoigt^ in future years (1992, etc) resulting from contract* 
2,;n0a during th* period 1988-91. VAI. Ufc OF C0NTRAC1S SIGNFD 
Wl TH THIRO PARTUS 
Fiacoipts from dt u parties 
used to "reimburse" appro— 
pr I at ions granted for per­
sonnel, infrd>tru«tur# and ' 
overnead expenditure i 
Receipt* forecast for 1991 I 
and following years in order i 
to "reimburse" the appro- ! 
priations granted for the ! 
"ronds d'avanc©- i 
Keceipts used to created i 
supplementary appropriations- ! 
for specific expenditure on ! 
individual contracts with J 
third part ies ; 
TOTAL HkCEIPTS • 
Appropriations granted ! 
ror p«r>>onn«l°, infrastructure ! 
and overhead expenditure ', 
which were not u$.«.;d and ! 
t.irtfBfore cancelled J 
TA^GST WORK FOR THIRD PARTIES {Actual 
!1988-90 
1 23.5 
3.8 
7.8 
11.4 ! 
10,8 ! I Estimate 
M991 
i 
i 
! 18.0 
19,0* 
3,3* 
8,0* 
/I/ 28,0 
9-12 I Total 
I(est lasts) 
!1988-91 
! 40.0 
1 
1 
1 23,0* 
1 
i 
i 
• i 
i 
J 3.3» 
1 • • • i 
1 
! 
1 14.0» 
I 
J 40.0 ! 
i < i i 
1 1 
! i 
i i 
i t 
1 19-22 | 
i » 
i • 
i 
• t 
i 
i 
59-62 | 
* 
i i 
i i ioojectfve 
Ifor 1992| 
j-1994 J 
1 68 | • i 
i i 
i i 
i i 
i i 
1 J 
i i 
i i 
1 41-44 | 
i S i i 
i i 
{ 
• 
i 
i 
1 
! 
! i 
i 
i 
i 
: 
i 
27-24 J 
1 68 ; 
p.m. ; 
68 : 
Fiche financière N° 4 page 1 
FICHE FINANCIERE N° 4: 
Exploitation du réacteur HFR 
1. Intitulé de l'action: 
Voir ci-dessus. 
2. Lignes budgétaires concernées: 
B6.11 personnel (en partie); 
6220 recettes provenant de l'exploitation du HFR et destinées au 
remboursement de crédits inscrits à l'état des dépenses; 
6221 recettes provenant de l'exploitation du HFR et donnant lieu à 
l'ouverture de crédits supplémentaires. 
3. Base légale: 
Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994, Programme complémetaire 
(le Royaume des Pays Bas et la République Fédérale d'Allemagne) 
1992-1995. 
4. Description de l'action: 
4.1. Exploitation du réacteur à haut flux (HFR) de l'Institut des Matériaux 
de Petten pour les besoins des 2 gouvernements concernés. 
4.2. Durée: 
Exercices 1992-94. (Le programme complémentaire est pour le 
période 1992-1995 bien que la programmation financière porte 
seulement sur les trois premières années). 
4.3. Population visée par l'action: 
Les gouvernements du Royaume des Pays Bas et de la République 
Fédérale d'Allemagne. 
5. Classification de la dépense ou des recettes: 
5.1. DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires). 
5.2. CD (Crédits dissociés). 
5.3. Types de recettes visées: 
ressources propres de la Communauté; 
recettes tiers. 
6. La nature de la dépense: 
Couverture des différents moyens mis en oeuvres pour l'exploitation du 
HFR. 
86 
Fiche financière N° 4 page 2 
7. Incidence financière: 
7.1. Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action: 
prévision des dépenses de personnel sur base de l'évolution 
économique à moyen terme dans les divers pays de la 
Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR; 
prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et 
techniques, dans les mêmes conditions; 
évolution des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution des 
programmes de recherches (dépenses directes pour 
fonctionnement, équipements et contrats). 
Le tableau ci-après met en évidence la nature des dépenses envisagées 
pour cette activité. 
Programme CCR 1992-94 
Moyens de réalisation 
Activité 
Exploitation 
du HFR Personnel 
20.591.428 Infrastructure 
ad m in./tech. 
3.574.891 Support 
Scient/techn. 
34.780.435 Total 
38.355.326 Crédits 
opérationnels 
10.053.000 TOTAL 
68.999.754 
Il est à noter que le calcul de l'incidence financière a été mené en 
tenant compte d'une contribution en nature fournie par le 
Gouvernement néerlandais évaluée à 7,5 Mio écus en 3 ans. 
Compte tenu de cette contribution en nature la participation 
financière de chacun des 2 gouvernements concernés est de 50 %. 
Les dépenses de personnel donnent lieu à remboursement du budget 
général. 
7.2. Part du "mini-budget" dans le coût total du programme: 
Sans objet. 
7.3. Programmation indicative. 
8. Dispositions anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action: 
Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier 
dans les quatre centres du CCR. 
9. Eléments d'analyse coût-efficacité: 
• Eléments d'analyse coût efficacité de la responsabilité du Comité inter­
gouvernemental de Gestion du HFR. 
97 
PROGRAMME C.C.R. 1992-94 
ACTIVITE 
MATERIAUX Personnel 
49.306.812 
i ENVIRONNENT TRAVAIL! 8.073.477 
1 • MOYENS 0E REALISATION 
Infrastructure Support 
adaln./techn. scient./techn. 
8.027.726 1.639.471 
1.322.509 1 207.524 
r . • 
MESURES i ESSAIS ' 53.688.813 1 10.012.396 1 11.561.275 
1 ! Total 
9.667.197 
1.530.033 
21.573.671 
; i ENVIRONNEMENT | 99.207.976 j 16.513.872 1 3.832.520 | 20.346.392 
1 ; , i crédit» 
opérationnels TOTAL 
; ——! 
6.366.000 j 65.340.009 
2.277.000 | 11.880.510 
13.837.000 | 89.099.484 
28.945.000 1 148.499.368 
• • • ' \ 
! FISSION 97.480.344 18.436.924 i 23.813.932 i 42.250.856 24.609.000 ! 164.340.200 
FUSION 25.996.697 4.591.464 5.205.721 9.797.185 4.796.000 i 40.589.882 
CAPITAL HUMAIN 3.087.557 4.508.344 29.726 4.538.070 17.124.000 ! 24.749.627 
4-
Total Prog. Cadre 336.841.676 j 63.413.235 ' 46.290.169 109.703.404 97.954.000 : 544.499.080 ' 
SUPPORT COMMISSION ! 108.278.832 
1 
PRESTATIONS TIERS i 34.068.064 18.285.928 < 8.084.742 26.370.670 ' 55.351.000 190.000.502 
5.837.027 3.728.573 9.565.600 J 24.367.000 i 68.000.664 
1 , 
Total CCR en 8udget I 479.188.572 , 87.536.190 ! 58.103.484 145.639.674 ; 177.672.000 302.500.246 
EXPLOITATION OU HFR! 20.591.428 3.574.891 34.780.435 38.255.326 10.053.000 68.999.754 
Total général CCR 499.780.000 91.111.081 92.883.919 : 183.995.J00 ' 187.725.000 871.500.000 
88 
PROGRAM* OU CENTRE COMMUN OE RECHERCHE 1992-1994. 
ECHEANCIER PlURIANNUEL OES ENGAGEMENTS 
• Croître 
; irri:'.a 
; Poite Intitulé 
Activité** 
i 36-3 CENTRE COMMUN OE RECHERCHE! 
'PROGRAMME CADRE 1992-1994 
96-31 | TECHNOLOGIES DIFFUSATES 
36.312 
36.3121 
36-3122 
| 36-32 
I 
I B8-321 
| 36-3211 
I 
! 36.323 
| 86-3232 
: 86.3233 
86.33 
86-331 
36.35 
36*351 'Technologies industriel le* et dtt meter1au* 
i Tecnnologiet industrielles et des netéHtux 
; Mesures et estait 
i Total de l'article 86-312 
[GESTION OES RESSOURCES NATURELLES 
jEnvironnement 
| Environnement 
|Energie 
j Sûreté de la fission nucléaire 
| Put ion tnermonucléâlrt contrôlée 
| Total dt l'article 86-323 
(VALORISATION OES RESSOURCES INTELLECTUELLES 
| Capital hum In et mobilité 
iRECHERCHÉ EXPLORATOIRE 
| Recherche exploratoire 
j TOTAL, QV MQÇRAMMf ÇAflK gj Ç.ÇR,, 
l 86-42 
I 
| 86-43 
I 
I 86-44 ; CENTRE COMMUN OC RECHERCHEl 
|ACTIONS O'ACCOMPAGNEMENT ET OC SUPPORT 
I 
|SUPPORT S/T AUX AUTRES DIRECTIONS GENERALES 
I 
'PRESTATIONS POUR LE CCMPTC OC TIERS 
I 
'.EXPLOITATION OU REACT .A A HAUT FLUX 
TOTAL ACTIONS D'ACCOMPAGNEMENT ET OE SUPPORT I 96.136 Crédits d*engageront 
Program» 1992-1994 
1992 
25.061 
27.796 
52.877 
46.049 
56.460 
12.674 
117.403 
7.920 
pm 
178.200 
SS.617 
21.437 
20.864 
1 TOTAL WflAL. Km CQMffltt QC MfflBffll I 2".33S 1993 1994 Total 
25.563 
29.743 
53.328 
a. 735 
52.767 
13.511 
115.033 
8.217 
pm 
176.576 
66.606 
22.747 
22.977 
U2.330 
290.906 26.557 
31.561 
58.116 
51.715 
55.073 
14.206 
120.993 
6.813 
pm 
187.724 
67.577 
23.816 
25.139 
116.532 
304.256 77.221 
89.100 
156.321 
146.499 
164.340 
40.590 
353.429 
24.750 
pm 
544.500 
190.000 
66.000 
69.000 
327.000 
671,500 
99 
STATEMENT OF IMPACT 
ON COMPETITIVENESS 
AND EMPLOYMENT 
100 
1-
1. The main reason for introducing the measure 
The proposed EEC and EAEC specific programmes constitute a contribution 
to the implementation of the Third Framework Programme for Community 
Research and Technological Development (1990-1992) in those fields, where 
the JRC can offer an impartial and independent expert opinion for the 
benefit of all Community policies. This applies notably to prenormative 
research in the fields of materials, working environment, reference 
measurements and methods in non-nuclear and nuclear areas, to 
environmental research and to research on nuclear and industrial safety. 
Finally, the human capital and mobility scheme will provide training for 
around 200 young researchers annually in the JRC, collaborating with 
national laboratories. 
2. Features of the business in question 
The programmes by their very nature are deemed to be of interest to a wide 
range of businesses, including small and medium sized ones. In relevant 
areas of mutual interest, active collaboration for achieving the programme 
objectives will be sought with industry throughout the Community. 
3. Obligations imposed on business 
In general, no direct obligations are foreseen following the implementation 
of the proposed Council Decisions. Industries possibly entering into 
collaboration agreements with the JRC related to the execution of part of 
the programmes will satisfy obligations under such agreements. 
4. Indirect obligations likely to be imposed on business by national, regional 
or local authorities 
None are envisaged. 
5. Special provisions in respect of SME's 
The JRC will - as in the past - endeavour, through the appropriate channels 
and schemes, to make the results of its research under the programmes 
available to small and medium-sized enterprises. Such enterprises are users 
of the JRC research installations and execute projects for the exploitation of 
JRC research. 
Finally, the JRC for the general operation of its geographical sites in many 
areas, draws upon the services provided by small and medium-sized firms. 
6. Likely effects on: 
a) The competitiveness of business 
The research envisaged under the proposed programmes possesses 
chiefly a prenormative dimension, and its outcome should lead to the 
setting up of further norms, standards and codes of practice in several 
areas of industry, business and societal affairs, including the protection 
of the human and natural environments. The overall effect is a 
contribution to the further fostering of the large internal market of 
101 
2-
the Community and thereby an addition to the measures for the 
increase of the competitivity of industry and other businesses. The 
prenormative research, both long and short-term, will inter alia lead to 
new technological developments of industrial interest and to the 
provision of new instrumentation for correctly gauging compliance to 
norms, standards and regulations set by European or international 
standardization bodies, as well as national or Community regulatory 
authorities. The development and access of industry to such 
instrumentation (ranging from large scale test and experimental 
facilities to reference materials for numerous purposes) will contribute 
to quality, reliability and safety of products and processes, and thus to 
the competitiveness of business and industry. 
b) Employment 
In addition to the jobs provided by the JRC on its four geographical 
sites housing the scientific Institutes, the housing of 2000 staff and 
their families, young researchers under training, scientific visitors and 
seconded national experts, the staff of the European schools and local 
services, have an important social aspect extending well beyond the 
research activities and their supporting services. The highly diversified 
demands for services and consumer goods from the entire JRC-related 
population has led, in fact, and continues to lead to the creation and 
maintaining of jobs, both in the local communities around the JRC sites 
and more widely throughout Europe. The increasing efforts of 
associating JRC research with similar national research has likewise on 
national grounds, led to the creation of new jobs specifically concerned 
with the collaboration with the JRC. This trend may accelerate with 
the proposals for the JRC programmes for 1992-1994. 
In a broader context, there are examples of the results obtained at the 
JRC leading to new initiatives either in existing firms or in the creation 
of new firms: this obviously tends to create new jobs. This trend will 
continue, with the Centre more and more closely oriented to the needs 
of European industry and operating in collaboration with it. 
7. Consultation of representative organisations 
The proposed EEC and EAEC programmes will be submitted to the Economic 
and Social Committee for opinion and the EAEC programmes likewise to the 
Scientific and Technical Committee. During preparation of the programmes, 
close contact has been maintained, notably tor the prenormative dimension, 
with the Industrial Research and Development Advisory Committee. 
The programme proposals are elaborated in a long-lasting dialogue with the 
JRC Board of Governors and discussed or to be discussed with the relevant 
committees for the Shared Cost Action programmes belonging to the same 
lines of the Framework Programme as the JRC programmes. 
Finally, the programmes which will be executed by the JRC scientific 
institutes are included in the standing consultations with the Institute 
Advisory Boards for the JRC Institutes, as well as the JRC Scientific 
Committee. 
102 
ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(91) 281 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 15 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-91-333-EN-C 
ISBN 92-77-74732-3 
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg