'•*6am COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
C0M(91) 262 final 
Brussels, 16 July 1991 
Proposal for a 
COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) 
laying down, in respect of hops, the amount of aid to producers 
for the 1990 harvest 
REPORT OF THE COMMISSION.TO THE COUNCIL 
on the production and marketing of hops 
(1990 havest) 
It is proposed that on the basis of the attached Report of the 
Commission on the production and marketing of hops for the 1990 
harvest the Council adopt the proposal for a regulation setting 
aid to hop producers for the 1990 harvest at the following 
I eve I s : 
- aromatic varieties: 340 ecu/hectare, 
- bitter varieties: 340 ecu/hectare, 
- other varieties: 340 ecu/hectare, 
- experimental varieties: 340 ecu/hectare. 
This proposal means a decrease in the average level of aid to 
producers of 6.1 % as compared with the 1989 harvest. Since 
growers' returns per hectare improved by 10.0 % over the previous 
year whereas production cost went up by not more than 6.0 % this 
slight cut in the average level of aid seems justifiable. 
Despite the generally envisaged lowering of the level of aid it 
is proposed to maintain the amount of 340 ecu/hectare (for the 
1989 harvest) for aromatic varieties. Returns from this variety 
group did not keep pace with the overall development. 
In view of the provisions of Article 12 of Regulation (EEC) No 
1696/71, and since the aid to producers is supposed to supplement 
growers' income the Commission is bound to propose a reduction in 
the level of aid for bitter and other hops. Returns for varieties 
of these groups have improved considerably, i. e. by 21.8 % for 
bitter hops and 31.3 % for other hops. An amount of 340 ecu/ 
hectare is proposed for bitter varieties and one of 340 ecu/ 
hectare for other varieties as compared with 390 and 400 ecu/ 
hectare respectively for the 1989 harvest. 
Referring to Article 12a which was introduced last year into 
Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71 the Commission furthermore proposes 
to grant aid to producers for experimental strains. This should 
be done at the same rate as that for other varieties in order to 
facilitate the continuous development of new varieties which is 
most essential to the Community hop sector. 
The cost of the proposal to the EAGGF, Guarantee Section, is 
estimated at 10.1 million ecu. 
Proposal for a 
COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) No / 
of 
laying down, in respect of hops, the amount of aid to producers 
for the 1990 harvest 
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in 
particular Article 43 thereof, 
Having regard to Council Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71 of 26 July 1971 on the 
common organization of the market in hops^1^, as last amended by Regulation 
(EEC) No 3577/90(2), and in particular Articles 12(7) and 12a thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, 
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliaments3^, 
Whereas Article 12 of Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71 provides that aid may be 
granted to hop producers to enable them to achieve a fair income; whereas the 
amount of this aid is fixed per hectare and differs according to varieties, 
taking into account the average return on the areas in full production compared 
with the average returns for previous harvests, the current position of the 
market and trends in costs; 
Whereas Article 12a of the same Regulation provides that aid to producers may 
also be granted for areas cultivated with expérimentai strains in order to 
facilitate the development of new varieties, 
Wfcereas an ex a* I nation of the results of the 1990 harvest shows the need to fix 
aid for groups of varieties of hops cultivated in the Community; wtoreae aid ta 
producers should also be granted for areas cultivated witu axpar liaenta» strains; 
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: 
CD ÔJ No L 175, 4.8.1*71, p. 1. 
<*) 04 No L 353, 17.ta.t9W. p. 23. 
- 2 
Article 1 
1. For the 1990 harvest, aid shall be granted to the producers of hops 
cultivated in the Community for the groups of varieties set out in the Annex 
as well as for experimental strains. 
2. The amount of the aid shall be as set out in the Annex. 
Article 2 
This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following its publication 
in the Official Journal of the European Communities. 
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all 
Member States. 
Done at Brussels, For the Council 
The President 
- 3 -
ANNE* 
Aid to hop producers for the 1990 harvest 
Group of varieties 
Aromatic 
Bitter 
Other 
Experimental strains Aid amount (ECU/ha) 
340 
340 
340 
340 
SUMMARY 
T»t»es Pages 
1. Introduction .1 
2. 1990 harvest 1 
2.1. World situation 1 
2.1.1. Production 1 
2.1.2. Market trends 2 
2.2. Community 3 
2.2.1. Production structure 3 
2.2.2. Production 4 
2.2.3. Sales and prices 6 
2.2.4. Returns * 9 
2.2.5. Costs ,. 12 
3. Outlook 14 
4. The common organization of the market in hops... 17 
4.1. Community policy on the hop market... 17 
4.2. Aid for varietal conversion 18 
5. Conclusions 20 
4 
1. Introduction 
Article 11 of Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71 requires the Commission to 
present to the Council an annual report on the production and 
marketing of hops. The purpose of this report is to provide 
information on trends in production, prices and demand. 
This report, which is the 20th annual report presented by the 
Commission, outlines the main éventa in the 1990 harvest year. 
Community hop production was extremely low as a result of 
unfavourable growing conditions. At the same time production in non-
member countries was too low to compensate for the considerable 
reduction in Community production. The resultant supply shortage led 
to an exceptionally sharp rise in free hop prices. This in turn 
considerably increased the return per hectare for Community hop 
growers, in spite of the poor yield per hectare. 
The Commission proposes that hop producera should once more be 
granted aid to supplement their incomes. 
2. 1990 harvest 
2.1 World situation 
2.1.1 Production 
At a total of 89 417 ha worldwide, the area under hops in 1990 was 
slightly down on 1989 (see Annex, Table 1). However, In practice it 
is not possible to establish the exact size of this area, since for a 
number of major hop producing countries such as the USSR, China or 
Romania, only estimated figures are available. These countries are 
politically so closed off that no reliable figures can reach the 
outside or no data are available as a result of the lack of internai 
statistics. 
- 2 -
With few exceptions, the area under hops was smaller in all producer 
countries. There was a considerable reduction in the United Kingdom. 
By contrast there was a further expansion of the area under hops in 
Germany. The growth in the area under hops in the USA continues 
apace. A further 371 ha were added and the total area under hops is 
now more than 14 300 ha. 
At about 2 201 000 zentners, the 1990 harvest was well below the 
average for the past several years. The reasons for this were 
unfavourable natural conditions for yields, in particular in the main 
European producer countries, although the USA was not able to 
maintain the yields per hectare of previous years either. 
The small harvest was not offset by a comparatively high alpha acid 
content. At 6.1% this was roughly the same as the average of the 
last twenty years. Germany in particular, where less than 5% of 
alpha acid vs harvested, was hit by a very unsatisfactory yield. By 
contrast the alpha acid contents in the USA and Australia were within 
normal limits. 
The approximately 6 660 t of alpha acid obtained in 1990 fell far 
short of the brewing industry's requirements, estimated at 7 600 -
7 900 t for the 1990/91 brewing year. This means that for the third 
year running alpha acid supply from current production was below 
demand, which has now led to a serious cumulative shortage in 
supplies to the market. 
2.1.2 Market trends 
In view of the fact that tho 1990 harvest meant that production was 
again less than expected, and indeed fell far short of expectations, 
world market prices had to rise. This was especially the cas© since 
brewery stocks fell sharply last year and the small 1990 harvest put 
an even greater strain on them. 
- 3 -
The resultant situation was not unlike that in 1980. For certain 
varieties, free hop prices were several times higher than in the 
previous year, i.e. DM 1 500 In Germany and USD 3/lb in the USA. A 
further price increase was prevented by postponing some delivery 
obligations until 1991. However, this has only passed on a major 
part of the supply problems to the coming season. 
2.2 Community 
2.2.1 Production structure 
As in the agricultural sector in general, structural change in hop 
growing continued. At present 6 542 farms in the Community produce 
hops (see Table 1), !.e. about 5% down on 1989. Over the same period 
the average size of the area under hops per farm increased from 3.8 
to 4.0 ha. 
TABLE 1 : Number and size of hop-growing farms in the Community 
Federal Republic of 
Germany1 
France 
Belgium 
United Kingdom 
Ireland 
Spain 
Portugal 
ec Number of 
farms 
4.119 
164 
118 
234 
2 
1.865 
40 
6.542 Total area 
under hops (ha) 
20.113 
531 
369 
3.385 
17 
1.412 
125 
25.952 Area under hops 
per farm (ha) 
4.9 
3.2 
3.1 
14.5 
8.5 
0.8 
3.1 
4.0 
1 Not including the territory of the former GDR. 
- 4 -
2.2.2 Production 
At a total of 25 952 ha, the area under hops In the Community in 1990 
was 266 ha (1.0%) down on 19891 (see Annex, Table 1). This decrease 
is due above all to set-aside in England, some of which, however, is 
only for a limited period. Likewise, some of the areas taken out of 
production in Belgium, Spain and Portugal can be expected to be 
cultivated again next year, especially since these Member States are 
implementing extensive varietal conversion measures. 
Stimulated by the higher level of producer prices, the area given 
over to aromatic varieties was extended further, to the detriment of 
bitter and other varieties (see Annex, Table 2). Aromatic varieties 
are now grown on 58% of the area under hops, i.e. 10% up on 1981. 
The area under the Hersbrucker variety has increased by more than 
1 500 ha over the last three years and now accounts for almost 50% of 
the area given over to aromatic varieties. Given the heavy 
dependency of the hop market on the varietal policy of a small number 
of large breweries, this trend has created a considerable potential 
risk. 
This does not include production in the territory of the former 
German Democratic Republic, where a total of 53 206 zentners of hops 
were harvested on 2 286 ha in 1990. 
- 5 -
The proportion of the area given over to bitter varieties has fallen 
from 50% to 41% in 1990. The reduction in this area has affected 
above all the Northern Brewer and Brewer's Gold varieties, which have 
been cut by about 700 ha each over the last three years. The 
relatively sharp fall in "other" varieties is due mainly to the fact 
that the Orion and Omega varieties are no longer classified in this 
group but now fall under the bitter varieties. 
In terms of quantity, the 1990 harvest was extremely poor. At only 
714 999 zentners, the harvest was lower than at any other time since 
the common organization of the market came into being. The bad 
harvest was a result mainly of the dry weather which, apart from the 
shortage of water, increased crop damage due to pests. 
The sharpest relative fall In the quantity harvested (31%) was 
recorded by Portuguese hopgrowers, although part of this decrease was 
due to a reduction In the area under hops. However, on the whole, 
the fall in the quantity produced In the Federal Republic of Germany 
was considerably greater, the harvest being almost 90 000 zentners 
(14%) down on 1989. 
The average yield per hectare was a mere 27.6 zentners, i.e. more 
than 15% down on the average for the last 20 years. 
The already unsatisfactory supply situation due to the small 
quantities harvested was made even more acute by the low alpha acid 
content. At an average of 5.4% this was extraordinarily low and, in 
conjunction with the poor yields per hectare, led to an extremely low 
alpha output of only 74.3 kg/ha. This means that total alpha acid 
production in the Community fell below 2 000 t for the first time and 
was more than 20% below the average for the last five years. 
- 6 -
2.2.3 Sales and prices 
To a great extent the market was unprepared for the poor 1990 
harvest. Only weeks before the harvest in Germany began, a harvest 
of 687 000 zentners was forecast, i.e. almost 140 000 zentners more 
than were actually harvested. 
The poor harvest led to a considerable shortage on the spot market, 
where a mere 70 300 zentners were sold, i.e. less than 10% of the 
total market volume (see Annex, Table 8). Given the shortages, 
extreme price increases on the free hop market were unavoidable, 
especially since brewers' stocks had already been reduced 
considerably as a result of the below-average harvests of the past 
few years. In addition, over the past few years more and more 
breweries have decided to use the less expensive spot market to cover 
a major part of their requirements. This means that they were 
heavily dependent on the free hop quantity provided by the 1990 
harvest. 
Although production in the former GDR became available for the 
Community market following German economic and monetary union, this 
brought relief only In as much as there was no additional demand for 
beer in the new territories. 
Community average spot prices rose from ECU 134.58 in 1989 to 
ECU 468.82 in 1990, i.e. a relative increase of 248% (see Annex,. 
Table 9). Prices reached their highest on the German market, where a 
zentner of free hops went for an average of ECU 506. For some 
varieties the highest prices were considerably higher than this 
level, e.g. DM 1 500 (ECU 638) were bid for Northern Brewer and 
Perle. At times the price for the Brewer's Gold variety was DM 1 200 
(ECU 510), i.e. almost five times the previous year's level. 
- 7 -
However, the coincidence of a poor harvest with low brmmry stocks 
could have led to considerably higher prices on the free hop market 
If those involved had not taken measures to relieve the supply 
shortage. In particular these Included the carrying forward of 
contractual supply obligations to next season. In many cases 
breweries contented themselves with buying just enough hops to see 
them through to the next harvest, which, however, makes it necessary 
to use up any remaining stocks completely. In addition to reducing 
slightly the amount of alpha added, breweries switched over to other 
varieties in cases where the previously used varieties were 
unavailable or had become too expensive. For example the Hersbrucker 
variety, for which there was only a small free hop market and whose 
alpha acid content was very unsatisfactory, was replaced to a large 
extent by the Perle variety. 
- 8 -
/ 
TABLE 2: Average prices for selected hop varieties in the Federal 
Republic of Germany, 1983-1995 
Prices in ECU/Ztr 
Hal 1er-
tauer Tettnan-
ger Hers-
brucker Northern 
Brewer Brewer's 
Gold 
Spot market 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1! 
Contract market1 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 
Forward contracts 
1991 
1992 
1993 
1994 
1995 125.27 
111.21 
194.96 
129.26 
220.35 
227.86 
218.54 
555,18 
178.16 
181.88 
191.60 
196.39 
195.37 
200.33 
199.91 
205,59 
155.89 
154.19 
149.95 
150.37 
150.37 198.84 
161.06 
207.53 
138.17 
228.09 
230.82 
231.25 
637,16 
212.72 
218.52 
288.92 
226.33 
220.11 
223.20 
220.66 
221,31 
221.31 
221.31 
220.88 
220.88 
220.88 67.61 
78.24 
126.20 
94.94 
209.15 
216.85 
173.65 
425,20 
166.23 
164.87 
168.96 
170.17 
169.38 
170.68 
168.57 
167,36 
155.89 
152.92 
150.80 
149.95 
150.37 104.19 
69.93 
102.72 
62.88 
76.55 
142.73 
127.48 
576,85 
151.12 
154.13 
161.41 
171.77 
169.80 
168.54 
160.09 
161,42 
154.19 
154.19 
150.37 
152.07 
151.65 69.20 
43.10 
45.70 
24.45 
54.50 
93.18 
88.09 
427,33 
142.37 
144.78 
147.58 
144.62 
137.94 
126.64 
116.89 
116,81 
112.14 
113.42 
112.99 
113.84 
115.11 
1 The prices shown are the average prices specified in contracts signed in 
previous years for the relevant harvest. 
- 0 -
By contrast the trend on the contract market was quite undramatic. 
However, this was no surprise since even new forward contracts, i.e 
those which came into effect for the first time during the 1990 
harvest, had been concluded at a time when the size of the harve?* 
could not be estimated. As a Community average, the prices for 
bitter hops were slightly up on 1989, i.e. an increase of 1.6% to 
ECU 153/ztr. By contrast, at ECU 177/ztr the contract prices for 
aromatic hops were at the same level as in 1989. 
2.2.4 Returns 
In spite of the extremely poor harvest, down almost 12% on 1989, hop 
growers increased their returns considerably, due solely to the high 
free hop prices. 
The average return per hectare in full production increased from 
ECU 5 136 to ECU 5 651, or 10% (see Table 3). As a result of the 
comparatively good yields per hectare and an Increase in spot market 
prices way above the average, the returns per hectare for bitter 
varieties rose by 21.8%. The average level of returns for bitter 
varieties (ECU 5 644/ha), which waa approximately 20% below the level 
for aromatic varieties over the past few years, has now almost caught 
up with them (ECU 5 663/ha). 
Although at 31.3% the relative increase in returns per hectare for 
other varieties was even more pronounced than that for bitter hops, 
this had only a negligible effect on the overall average level of 
returns for producers, as a result of the small area involved. 
- 10 -
Comparing Member States, the extremely sharp rise In returns In 
Belgium stands out. The predominant practice in that country of 
selling most production on the free hop market has led to income 
problems for many growers in recent years. However, it had an 
extraordinarily advantageous effect following the 1990 harvest. At 
an average of ECU 11 158/ha, Belgian hop growers' returns were three 
times the 1989 level. 
In most of the other hop-growing Member States returns were also up 
on 1989. Spain managed to maintain the good result of 1989. By 
contrast, in Portugal there was a sharp downturn as a result of an 
exceedingly poor harvest and the complete lack of a spot market. 
Although the general situation regarding returns was a considerable 
improvement on 1989, most hop growers derived little or no benefit 
from it. This applies In particular to farmers on small holdings who 
as a rule, in order to reduce the risk, prefer to sell most of their 
production through forward contracts. As a result of the poor' 
harvest, many of these farms had no more hops available after 
supplying the quantities under contract and were therefore unable to 
take advantage of the high price level on the free hop market. 
- 11 -
TABLE 3i Return on areas In full production, In ECU/ha1 
By variety group 
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 
Aromatic 
Bitter 
Others 
By country 6.151 5.402 5.428 
5.073 4.410 4.727 
4.118 3.462 4.439 5.586 5.562 
4.491 4.633 
4.196 4.093 5.663 
5.644 
5.365 1>8 
21,8 
31,1 
Federal Rep. 
of Germany 5.786 
France 4.858 
Belgium 2.934 
United Kingdom 5.294 
Ireland 5.547 
Spain 
Portugal 5.201 5.353 
4.688 4.674 
2.189 4.199 
4.292 4.695 
1.651 4.918 
3.506 3.122 
5.231 4.763 5.238 5.307 
6.170 5.572 
4.368 3.995 
5.001 4.577 
5.943 5.283 
3.173 4.473 
2.452 4.329 5.616 
7.450 
11.158 
5.615 
10.817 
4.456 
3.322 5,8 
33,7 
179,3 
22,7 
104,8 
- 0,4 
- 23,3 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1990/89 (%) 
By country and by variety group M990)2 
Federal Republic 
of Germany 
France 
Belgium 
United Kingdom 
Ireland 
Spain 
Portugal Aromatic 
5.529 (-1,1) 
7.560 (25,3) 
11.800(114,6) 
5.850 (11,9) 
8.922(125,3) 
1.639 (-2,8) Bitter Others 
5.777 (18,9) 5.639 (28,5) 
7.322 (72,7) -
11.098(240,1) 6.988(100,2) 
5.494 (31,5) 2.734 (-6,9) 
11.927(104,8) -
4.462 (-0,4) -
3.332(-23,2) -
Areas newly planted in 1990 and 1989 were assumed to give 40% and 65% 
respectively of the return from areas in full production. 
The figures in brackets show the percentage change from 1989. 
- 12 -
2.2.5 Costs 
The average increase in hop production costs was approximately 6.0% 
on 1989, i.e. a slightly greater Increase than in the same period 
last year (see Table 4). This increase was caused above all by 
inflation, although for certain Member States It does not become so 
apparent when the figures are converted into ecus. For example in 
Portugal the increase In costs in national currency was 10.8% on 
1989. However, as a result of an exchange rate adjustment in the 
meantime, It is only 2% in ecus. 
The highest production cost level in the Community was in the 
United Kingdom (ECU 9 511/ha), i.e. the Member State where 
traditionally paid labour has been of" major importance as a result of 
the farm size structure. This considerable cost increase of 17.7% 
over 1989 is due, inter-alia, to Increased expenditure on crop 
protection made necessary in 1990 as a result of the unfavourable 
crowing conditions. 
Production costs in Spain (ECU 4 277/ha) and Portugal (ECU 4 227/ha) 
are still relatively low, although In the case of Portugal production 
costs were considerably below the returns. 
- 13 -
TABLE 4: Product costs per hectare (in ecus) 
Federal Republic of 
Germany 
France 
Belgium 
United Kingdom 
Ireland 
Spain 
Portugal 
Community 1989 
7.402 
6.638 
9.328 
8.081 
5.746 
4.312 
4.146 
7.324 1990 
7.742 
6.803 
8.898 
9.511 
6.742 
4.277 
4.227 
7.763 1990/1989 (%) 
4,6 
2,5 
- 4,5 
17,7 
17.3 
- 0,8 
2,0 
6,0 
. .. ...... 
- 14 -
3. Outlook 
The again very unsatisfactory quantity provided by the 1990 harvest 
has led to a further drastic reduction in stocks worldwide. Stock 
levels in European countries are at their lowest for many years. 
Stock levels in the USA have also been reduced considerably. With 
beer production currently on the increase, stocks in many breweries 
will have been used up almost completely by the next harvest. 
This results in a tense market situation in the run-up to the 1991 
season, which means that stable producer prices can be expected for 
the moment, unless there is a record harvest. This is all the more 
so since, in addition to having to satisfy current brewery demand, 
the forthcoming harvest will also have to be used to replenish the 
drastically reduced hop stocks. The need to meet supply obligations 
from the previous year will restrict trading flexibility even 
further. There are many indications that one harvest will not be 
sufficient to restore balance on the under-supplied market. Provided 
there are average harvests in the following years, the supply 
situation can be expected to ease from 1993 onwards. 
The severe shortage of supplies resulting from the small quantities 
available from current production and storage has led to the re-
emergence of a seller's market for the first time in ten years. 
Nevertheless contract business at the hop trade/brewery level is 
still sluggish, since the breweries are still hesitant to accept a 
higher price level, especially for long-term forward contracts. 
Traders and growers are concluding forward contracts for certain 
bitter varieties for the coming one or two years at considerably 
higher prices. However, there is a marked decrease in the prices 
offered for the period following 1992. This can be seen as an 
indication that at trader level there was a gap In supplies for the 
coming two years, which in view of the current market situation the 
trade would prefer to close now on the contract market. 
- 15 -
It would be extremely risky to make long-term forecasts. There is no 
doubt that in future the German market will continue to dominate 
price formation. The fact that many growers there are concluding 
very long-term forward contracts (up to 1999) at average prices well 
below production costs has led traders and in particular breweries to 
assume that hops will be available permanently at low prices. The 
continuing strong growth in areas under hops in the USA reinforces 
this impression. 
I 
Given the Increasing beer production coupled with reduced stocks, 
| there Is a chance at present of a long-term increase in prices, which 
I would be welcomed by producers. The restraint in extending the areas 
5 
under hops necessary to achieve this is still being exercised in view 
•» 
of the fact that contract prices continue to be too low in most 
European hop-growing countries. However, experience of the cyclical 
movements of the hop market gives rise to the concern that even a 
relatively slight increase in contract prices would lead to 
production being expanded to such an extent that eventually this 
would cancel out the improvement in the price situation. 
The political and economic changes in Eastern European countries make 
it more difficult to estimate future market trends. It is expected 
that a considerable part of the area under hops will fall victim to 
the need to bring production Into line with market economy 
conditions. This applies in particular to the territory of the 
former GDR, where the abolition of excessively high selling prices 
fixed by the state has had an Immediate effect. Furthermore, at 
present It cannot be estimated how far an increase in beer 
consumption in Eastern European countries will lead to an increase in 
demand for hops. 
Nevertheless, any reduction of the areas under hops In Eastern Europe 
or the Member States of the Community will be offset by the 
I Increasing cultivation of high-yield varieties and by the expansion 
I 
I expected In the Hal 1ertau and the USA. 
\ 
- 16 -
/ / In the bitter hop sector, the Community must expect to lose further 
market shares to US producers. If high-yield varieties are 
cultivated and the US dollar rate is favourable, American growers 
will be able to continue improving their competitive position on the 
world market for bitter varieties. Furthermore they can react to 
price changes very much more quickly than their European counterparts 
by adapting supply. 
The expansion of the area under hops in 1991 is a clear Indication 
that the American hop economy sees advantages for itself in worldwide 
predatory competition. This is the case primarily for bitter 
varieties which account for 1 100 ha of the newly planted area of 
1 250 ha. However, in the long term greater market shares are 
expected in the aromatic sector as well. Although at present these 
varieties are finding It difficult to compete with European 
varieties, a further exacerbation of the existing problems relating 
to crop protection product residues in hops imported into the US 
could change the situation abruptly. 
Furthermore, it cannot be ruled out that the severe shortage of some 
varieties resulting from the poor 1990 harvest may lead to changes in 
user behaviour. Breweries which have been forced to resort to other 
varieties could decide to continue using the less expensive 
alternative provided this has not been detrimental. Although there 
Is a certain tendency for breweries to decide on which hop varieties 
to buy case by case, it cannot be concluded that there will be a 
large-scale decrease in demand for specific varieties in favour of 
price-dominated buying regardless of variety. 
- 17 -
4. The common organization of the market In hops 
4.1 Community policy on the hop market 
In 1971 a common organization of the market in hops was established 
by Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71. The aim was to improve product 
quality and safeguard the livelihood of hop growers. Since no 
special arrangements were made for external trade or intervention 
quite deliberately when the market organization was set up, the 
Community hop sector is highly exposed to competition on the world 
market. 
The essential aspects of the basic Regulation, which were dealt with 
In greater detail by subsequent, more specific Council and Commission 
regulations, comprise rules for the marketing of hops via a 
certification procedure and a forward contract system, for the 
recognition and promotion of producer groups, and for trade with non-
EEC countries. The Regulation also lays down aid arrangements for 
Community-grown hops. 
The Community has two main financial responsibilities in this sector. 
Firstly, frequent use is made of the arrangements whereby aid per 
hectare is granted to producers with unsatisfactory returns. For the 
1989 harvest year, aid per hectare was granted at a rate of ECU 340 
for aromatic varieties, ECU 390 for bitter varieties and ECU 400 for 
other varieties. Secondly, special aid is granted under Regulation 
(EEC) No 2997/87 to encourage growers to convert to varieties more 
suited to market requirements (see also point 4.2). 
In addition the Community makes a contribution towards the promotion 
of newly founded producer groups at the initial stage provided 
national aid is also granted for this. However, this measure is now 
of little significance since - with the exception of the territory of 
the former GDR - almost all hop growers in the Community now belong 
to a recognized producer group. Of course this does not exclude the 
possibility of new groups being founded from time to time In the 
future as a result of restructuring and reorganization. 
- 18 -
4.2 Aid for varietal conversion 
The long-standing imbalance between supply and demand for most bitter 
varieties and the resultant problems for hop growers in certain areas 
of the Community led the Council to adopt special measures for the 
hop sector In 1987. 
Regulation (EEC) No 2997/87 introduced special aid amounting to 
ECU 2 500/ha - subject to a maximum area of 800 ha per Member State -
to be granted to recognized producer groups who undertake to 
implement a plan to convert areas under bitter varieties to aromatic 
or super-alpha varieties. 
In June 1989 the Council adopted Regulation (EEC) No 1809/89 amending 
Regulation (EEC) No 2997/87 with a view to extending the number of 
growers qualifying for aid under the varietal conversion programme. 
The amended criteria now allow special aid to be granted throughout 
the Community and not Just in certain areas, as was originally 
provided for. A further restriction laying down that producer groups 
could take part in the conversion programme only if their total area 
did not increase in the period 1986 to 1988 was also lifted. The 
extension of the duration of the programme from 31 December 1990 as 
originally provided for to the end of 1992 gives the producer groups 
more time to implement their conversion plans. 
A further change was introduced by Regulation (EEC) No 3837/90, . 
extending the time limit for implementation of the conversion 
programme in the case of Spain by a further two years, i.e. up to the 
end of 1994. This amendment became necessary when many hop growers, 
whose land at the time was involved in a reparcelling project, made 
it known that they were prepared to take part in the varietal 
conversion programme. However, both measures, i.e. reparcelling and 
subsequent varietal conversion, cannot be carried out In the time 
previously provided for. 
- 19 -
The Community varietal conversion programme has been very well 
received by hop growers. All hop-growing Member States are taking 
advantage of it with the exception of Ireland. Some of the varietal 
conversion programmes submitted have been revised several times, 
above all to comply with requests for further areas to be Included 
(see Table 5). 
In the main, the programmes submitted by the individual Member States 
provide for the grubbing up of the traditional bitter varieties 
Brewer's Gold and Northern Brewer, which are finding it increasingly 
difficult to compete with the American super-alpha varieties on the 
world market. 
TABLE 5: Varietal conversion programmes submitted by the 
Member States under Regulation (EEC) No 2997/87 
Federal Republic of 
Germany 
France 
Belgium 
United Kingdom 
Spain 
Portugal 
Community Type of variety to which conversion 
is to be made 
Aromatic 
567 
125 
52 
140 
6 
890 Super-alpha 
233 
45 
139 
647 
101 
166 
1.331 Total 
800 
170 
191 
787 
107 
166 
2.221 
- 20 -
5. Conclusions 
In view of the above analysis of the present state of the Community 
hop market, the Commission proposes that income aid be granted to 
growers in respect of the 1990 harvest. 
However, taking into account the criteria In the basic Regulation, 
the increase In the return per hectare would suggest that the average 
rate of aid should be reduced. This applies in particular to the 
bitter and other varieties, the level of returns for which is way 
above that in 1989. 
In addition, pursuant to Article 12a of Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71, 
the Commission proposes that aid be granted also for areas given over 
to experimental varieties at the same rate as that granted for 
"other" varieties. 
The possibility of granting aid to producers for experimental 
varieties was introduced last year when the Council adopted 
Regulation (EEC) No 2780/90. This applies to areas farmed by hop 
growers on which experimental varieties-are cultivated in cooperation 
with a research institute. The objective of this Regulation is to 
promote the breeding of new varieties, which must be carried out 
continuously in order to maintain the competitiveness of hop growing 
in the Community. At currently less than 20 ha, the size of the 
trial areas qualifying for this aid is marginal. 
- 21 -
The Commission proposes the following rates of aid: 
Variety group Altf (ICU/fra) 
Aromatic varieties 340 
Bitter varieties 340 
Other varieties 340 
This proposal would mean a decrease in the average rate of aid to 
ECU 340/ha, I.e. 6.1% down on 1989. The cost of this proposal to ths 
EAGGF Guarantee Section is estimated at ECU 8.8 million (i.e. 
ECU 10.1 million once the dual rate coefficient has been applied), as 
compared with ECU 9.5 million for the 1989 harvest. 
I oil i « 1 AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1990 
I 
Country 
Fed. Republic 
of Germany (1) 
France 
Belgium 
United Kingdom 
Spain 
Portugal 
Ireland 
EG-12 
United Statee 
Auttratio 
Yugoslavia 
Czechoslovakia 
GDR 
Poland 
Hungary 
Bulgaria 
Total IHQC(-EEC) 
Total IHGC(+£EC) 
Japan 
USSR 
Romania 
China (Rsp.) 
North Korea 
-Others" 
World totol II 
Area 
ha 
1990 
20.113 
531 
369 
3.385 
1.412 
125 
17 
25.952 
14.352 
1.085 
3.175 
11.850 
2.286 
2.257 
382 
933 
36.320 
62.272 
845 
15.000 
2.350 
5.000 
2.000 
2.100 
89.567 Ha 
Area 
ha 
(+/-) 
1990-89 
175 
2 
-33 
-358 
-31 
-17 
-266 
371 
-28 
-29 
-100 
46 
-115 
-59 
-17 
69 
-197 
-90 
0 
-250 
0 
0 
-400 
-937 lib 
Area 
ha 
(+/-) 
1990-81 
923 
-229 
-477 
-2.423 
-591 
-65 
-58 
-2.920 
-3.070 
-90 
-87 
23 
166 
-188 
-180 
-128 
-3.554 
-6.474 
-284 
500 
950 
1.000 
1.500 
-59 
-2.867 III 
Product, 
Ztr 
1990 
549.130 
15.695 
12.015 
91.630 
42.431 
3.412 
686 
714.999 
515.778 
41.960 
81.900 
212.280 
53.206 
49.400 
8.434 
11.600 
974.558 
1.689.557 
34.120 
180.000 
32.000 
185.000 
24.000 
56.300 
2.200.977 IV 
Yield 
t/ho 
1990 
1,37 
1.48 
1.63 
1.35 
1.50 
1.36 
2.02 
1.38 
1.80 
1,93 
1.29 
0.90 
1.16 
1,09 
1.10 
0.62 
1,34 
1.36 
2.02 
0,60 
0.68 
1.85 
0.60 
1,34 
1.23 V 
Product. 
Alpha t 
1990 
1.321.1 
23.4 
36,8 
375,7 
155.9 
11.6 
3.2 
1.927.8 
2.249 
239 
262 
382 
157 
137 
24 
32 
3.482 
5.410 
100 
270 
85 
555 
72 
169 
6.661 VI 
Percent 
Alpha 
1990 
4.8 
3.0 
6.1 
8.2 
7.4 
6.8 
9.5 
5.4 
8.7 
11.4 
6.4 
3.6 
5.9 
5.6 
5.8 
5,6 
7.1 
6.4 
5.9 
3.0 
5.3 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 
6.1 VII 
Yield 
Alpha 
kg/ha 
1990 
65.7 
44.0 
99.8 
111.0 
110.4 
92.8 
190.7 
74,3 
156,7 
220.1 
82.6 
32,2 
68.7 
60,7 
63.9 
34,8 
95.9 
86,9 
118.3 
18,0 
36.2 
111.0 
36.0 
80.4 
74.4 VIII 
Beer prod. 
m/hl 
(Barth) 
1990 
104,3 
21.4 
14.1 
59.7 
27.3 
7.0 
6.5 
285.1 
232.7 
19,6 
10.5 
23.5 
15.9 
12.2 
9.8 
6.0 
330.2 
615.3 
65,0 
55.0 
10.0 
70.0 
1,0 
313,7 
1.130.0 IX 
Forecast 
Area 
ha 
1991 
22.372 
567 
407 
3.600 
1.420 
125 
17 
28.508 
15.600 
1.085 
3.200 
11.630 
0 
2.300 
362 
933 
35.110 
63.618 
850 
15.000 
2.000 
5.000 
2.000 
2.000 
90.468 X 
Area 
Change 
ha 
1991-90 
2.259 
36 
38 
215 
8 
0 
0 
2.556 
1.248 
0 
25 
-220 
-2.280 
43 
-20 
0 
-1.210 
1.346 
5 
0 
-350 
0 
0 
-100 
901 
(1) Not Including the territory of the former GOR 
Toble Io : AREA UNDER HOPS. PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTPl£S 1931 
: I : 
Country : 
: Fed. Republic : 
: of Germony : 
: France : 
: Belgium : 
: United Kingdom : 
: Spain ; 
: Portugal : 
: Ireland 
: EEC-12 : 
: United States 
: Austrolia 
: Yugoslavia : 
: Czechoslovakia 
: GDR : 
: Poland : 
: Hungory : 
: Bulgaria : 
: Total IHGC (-EEC) 
: Total IHGC (+EEC) 
: Japon : 
: USSR 
: Romania 
: China (Rep.) 
: North Korea 
: Others 
: World (total) II : 
Area 
ho 
1989 
19.938 : 
529 : 
402 : 
3.743 : 
1.443 : 
142 : 
21 : 
26.218 : 
13.981 : 
1.113 : 
3.204 : 
11.950 : 
2.240 : 
2.372 : 
441 : 
441 : 
36.251 ' 
62.469 
935 
15.000 
2.600 
5.000 
2.000 
2.500 
90.504 III 
Production: 
"Zentner" 
1989 
638.782 
15.260 
12.456 
94.388 
45.392 
4.949 
512 
811.739 
538.200 
49.460 
83.000 
245.460 
60.000 
49.000 
12.000 
15.600 
1.052.720 
1.864.459 
38.780 
200.000 
32.000 
140.000 
24.000 
66.000 
: 2.365.239 IV : 
Yield 
t/ho 
1989 
1,60 
1.44 
1,55 
1.26 
1.57 
1.74 
1.19 
1.55 
1.93 : 
2.22 
1.30 
1.03 : 
1.34 
1.03 
1.36 
0.82 
1.45 
1.49 
2.07 
0.67 
0.57 
1.40 
0.60 
1.32 
1,30 V : 
Production: 
Alpha 
t 
1989 
1.812 
28 
36 
385 
175 
17 
2 
2.455 
2.386 
247 
280 
442 
200 
129 
36 
46 
3.766 
6.221 
100 
300 
70 
420 
70 
255 
7.436 VI : 
Alpha 
% 
1989 
5.7 ; 
3.7 : 
5.7 
8.2 
7,7 : 
6.9 
8.8 
6.0 
8.9 
10.0 
6.7 
3.6 
6.7 
5.3 
6.0 
6.0 « 
7.2 
6.7 
5.2 
3.0 
4.4 
6.0 
5.8 
7.7 
6.3 VII ! 
Yield 
Alpha 
kg/ha 
1989 
90,9 
54,0 
88.7 
103.0 
121,3 
120.3 
105.2 
92.6 
170.7 
222.3 
87.4 
37.0 
89.3 
54.4 
82.1 
48.9 
103.9 
99.6 
107.0 
20.0 
25.0 
84.0 
35.0 
102.0 
82.2 VIII : 
Beer 
Production: 
(Bssru.j : 
19fi» -. 
93,2 : 
20,9 . 
14.0 
60.1 : 
27.2 : 
6.6 : 
5.4 
269.8 : 
231,5 
18.7 : 
12.0 : 
23.0 : 
24.8 : 
12.4 : 
9.4 
7,0 : 
338.8 : 
608,6 : 
61,0 : 
56.0 ; 
13.0 : 
: 60,0 : 
: 1.0 : 
302.4 
: 1.102.0 : 
Af 
Toble 1b : AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1988 
: I 
Country 
: Fed. Republic 
: of Germany 
: France 
: Belgium 
: United Kingdom 
: Spoin 
: Portugal 
: Ireland 
: EEC-12 
: United States 
: Austrolia 
: Yugoslavia 
: Czechoslovakia 
: DGR 
: Polond 
: Hungory 
: Total IHGC (-EEC) 
: Total IHX (4EEC) 
: Japan 
: USSR 
: Romania 
: Bulgaria : 
: China : 
: Others : 
: World (total) : II 
Area 
ha 
1988 
19 782 
489 
418 
3 878 
1 499 
150 
21 
26 237 
• 13 724 
1 115 
3 188 
11 950 
2 320 
2 385 
495 
35 177 
61 414 
980 
15 000 
2 200 
950 : 
5 000 : 
4 500 
90 044 III 
: Production: 
: "Zentner" 
1988 
591 591 
15 823 
12 036 
98 308 
32 486 
3 087 
557 
753 888 
494 939 
47 200 
96 000 
307 400 
63 139 
57 000 
12 756 
1 078 434 
1 832 322 
37 000 
200 000 
32 000 
15 710 
150 000 
140 000 
2 407 032 : IV 
Yield 
t/ho 
1988 
1.50 
1.62 
1.44 
1.27 
1,08 
1.03 
1.30 
1.44 
1.80 
2.12 
1.51 
1.29 
1.36 
1.19 
1.29 
1.53 
1.49 
1.89 
0.67 
0,73 
1,83 
1.50 
1,56 ' 
1.34 V 
: Production: 
: Alpha 
t 
1988 
• 1 597 
36 
45 
395 
158 
11 
2 
2 244 
2 202 
236 
304 
615 ' 
227 
127 
33 
3 744 
5 988 
111 
300 
67 
43 
488 
395 
7 382 : VI 
: Alpha 
X 
: 1988 
5.4 
4.5 
7,4 
8.0 
9.7 
7.2 
8.3 
6.0 
8.9 
: 10.0 
6.3 
4.0 
7.2 
4,5 • 
5.1 
6.9 
6.5 
6.0 
3.0 
4.2 ' 
5.5 
6.5 
5.5 
6.1 VII 
Yield 
Alpha 
kg/ha 
1988 
80,7 
72.8 
106.5 
101.4 
105.1 
74.1 
107.6 • 
85.5 
160.5 
211,7 
95.3 
51.4 
97.7 
53,8 
65.7 -
106.4 
97.5 
113.3 
20.0 
30.5 
45,2 -
97.5 
85.6 
82.0 VIII : 
Beer 
Production: 
m/hl : 
(Barth) 
1988 
92,7 
19.5 
14.0 : 
60.3 
27.0 
5.5 
5.4 
265.1 : 
230.0 
19.5 
11.0 : 
22.7 : 
25.0 : 
12.3 : 
9.5 
330.0 : 
595.1 : 
53.5 : 
50,0 : 
10.0 : 
7.0 : 
55.0 : 
279.4 
1 050.0 : 
IB 
Toblelç : AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1987 
I 
Country 
: Fed. Republic 
: of Germony 
: Fronce 
: Belgium 
: United Kingdom 
: Spain 
: Portugal 
: Ireland 
: EEC-12 
: United States 
: Australio 
: Yugoslavia 
: Czechoslovakia 
: GDR 
: Polond : 
: Hungary : 
: Total IHGC (-€EC) : 
: Total IHGC (+EEC) : 
: Japon : 
: USSR : 
: Romania : 
: Bulgario : 
: China : 
: Others : 
: World (Total) : II 
Area 
ha 
1987 
19 310 
559 
436 
3 945 
1 578 
160 
34 
26 022 
11 453 
764 : 
3 197 : 
11 900 : 
2 360 : 
2 445 : 
515 : 
32 634 : 
58 656 : 
996 : 
15 000 : 
2 200 : 
950 : 
5 200 : 
4 273 : 
87 275 : : III 
: Production: 
: "Zentner" 
1987 
620 736 
14 204 
14 942 
103 476 
36 978 
6 430 
826 
797 592 
454 033 
37 980 
108 300 
238 350 . 
71 500 : 
52 058 : 
13 311 : 
975 532 : 
1 773 125 : 
36 340 : 
220 000 : 
34 000 : 
14 020 : 
200 000 : 
89 012 : 
2 366 497 : : IV 
Yield 
t/ha 
1987 
1.61 
1.27 
1,71 
1,32 
1.17 
2,01 
1.20 
1.53 
1.98 • 
2.49 
1.70 
1.00 
1.51 
1.06 
1,29 
1.49 
1.51 
1,82 
0,73 
0,77 
0.74 
1.92 
1.04 
1.36 : V 
: Production: 
: Alpha 
t 
1987 
2 123 
47 
78 
475 
140 
21 
4 
2 888 
2 520 
184 
298 
465 
307 
103 
31 
3 908 
6 796 
98 
385 
76 
42 
750 
267 
8 414 : VI 
: Alpha 
X 
: 1987 
6.84 
6.66 
10.40 
9.19 
7.58 
6.49 
9,66 • 
7,24 « 
• 11.10 
9.80 
5,50 
3.90 
8,60 
5.29 
4.60 
8.01 
7.66 : 
5.39 
3.50 
4.49 
5.97 
7.50 
6.00 
7.11 VII 
: Yield 
: Alpha 
kg/ha 
1987 
109.94 
84,08 
, 178,90 
121,45 
88,72 
131.25 
117,65 
111,12 
220,02 
240.84 
93.21 
39.06 
130.27 
42.13 
59,22 
119,75 
115.93 
98.40 
25.67 
34.55 
39.89 
144.42 
62.49 
96.45 : VIII : 
Beer 
: Production: 
m/hl 
: (Barth) : 
1987 
92.8 : 
19.9 
14,0 
59.9 
25.8 
5.0 
5.4 
262.6 
229.3 
18.8 
11.8 
22.8 
25.0 
11.6 
9.5 : 
328.8 
591.4 
53,5 
50.0 
10.0 : 
7.0 
50.0 
282.3 
1 044.2 
Toble 1d : AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1965 
I 
Country 
: Fed. Republic 
: of Germany 
: Fronce 
: Belgium 
: United Kingdom 
: Spain 
: Portugal 
: Ireland 
: EEC-12 
: United States 
: Australia 
: Yugoslavio 
: Czechoslovakia 
: GDR 
: Poland 
: Hungary 
: Totol IHGC ft EEC 
: Japan 
: USSR 
: Rornon i a 
: Bulgaria 
: China 
: Others 
: World (Totol) II 
Area 
ha 
1986 
19 649 
599 
577 
4 232 
1 616 
163 
34 
26 871 
10 091 
755 
3 271 
11 950 
2 370 
2 433 
512 
58 253 
1 052 
15 300 
1 800 
967 
5 190 
3 137 
85 699 III 
: Production: 
: "Zentner" 
1986 
679 772 
21 730 
20 327 
101 416 
40 087 
6 589 
286 
870 207 
444 684 
37 700 
91 200 
210 000 
76 200 
54 000 
12 833 
1 796 824 
37 680 
214 000 
34 000 
14 400 
200 000 
75 551 
2 372 455 : IV 
Yield 
t/ha 
1986 
1.73 
1.81 
1.76 
1.20 
1.24 
2.02 
0.42 
1.62 
2.20 
2.50 
1.39 
0.88 
1.61 
1.11 
1.25 
1,54 
1.79 
0,70 
0.94 
0.74 
1.93 
: 1,20 • 
1,38 V 
: Production: 
: Alpha 
t 
1986 
1 985 
45 
59 
376 
140 
20 
1 
2 627 
2 157 
177 
267 
441 
255 
143 
40 
6 106 
101 
375 
76 
43 
600 
227 
7 528 VI 
: Alpha 
X 
: 1986 
5.84 
4.18 
5.84 
7.42 
6.98 
6.00 
5.45 
6.04 
9.70 
9.40 
5.86 
4.20 
6.69 
5.29 
6.16 
6.80 
5.39 
3.50 
4.49 
5,97 
6.00 
6.00 
6.35 VII 
: Yield 
. Alpha 
kg/ha 
• 1986 
101.04 
75,76 
102.86 
88.85 
86.57 
121.24 
22.73 
97.75 
213.75 
234.70 
• 81.63 
36.90 
107.59 
58.73 
77.15 
104.82 
96.47 
24,48 
42.37 
44,47 
85,71 
72,25 
86.04 VIII : 
Beer 
Production: 
m/hl : 
(Barth) 
1986 
94.10 
20.66 
11.08 
59,17 
24.13 
3.95 
5.46 
261.60 
230.55 
18.72 : 
10.50 
22.78 
24.30 
11.38 
9.22 
589.05 
49.98 
55.00 : 
11.00 : 
9,00 : 
40.00 
26.19 
1 015.31 : 
Zh 
Toble 1c : AREA UNDER HOPS. PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1981 
I 
Country 
: Fed. Republic 
: of Germany 
: Fronce 
: Belgium 
: United Kingdom 
: I re 1ond 
: Greece 
: EEC (10) 
: United States 
: Australia 
: Yugoslovio 
: Spoin 
: Czechoslovakia 
: CDR : 
: Poland : 
: Hungary 
: Total IHGC ft EEC 
: Japan : 
: USSR : 
: Romanio : 
: Bulgaria : 
: China (Rep.) : 
: Others : 
: World (Total) : II 
Area 
ha 
1981 
19.190 
760 
846 
5.808 
75 
25 
26.704 
17.422 : 
1.175 : 
3.262 : 
2.003 : 
11.827 : 
2.120 : 
2.445 : 
562 : 
67.520 : 
1.129 : 
14.500 : 
1.400 : 
1.061 : 
4.000 : 
2.824 : 
92.434 : : III 
: Production: 
: "Zentner" 
1981 
674.074 
28.729 
31.437 
186.788 
1.537 
800 
923.365 
717.983 
47.538 
108.050 
50.509 
257.700 
54.608 
56.860 
15.080 
2.231.693 
25.700 : 
180.000 : 
22.300 : 
14.900 . 
120.000 : 
58.240 : 
2.652.833 : : IV 
Yield 
t/ho 
1981 
1.76 
1.89 
1,86 
1,61 
1,02 
1,60 
1.73 
2.06 
2.02 
1.66 
1.26 
1.09 
1.29 
1.16 
1,34 
1,65 
1.14 
0.62 
0.80 
0.70 
1.50 : 
1.03 
1,43 : V 
: Production: 
: Alpha 
t 
1981 
2.019 
93 
101 
754 
7 
3 
2.977 
2.520 
228 
310 
177 
618 
182 
90 
37 
7.139 
65 
315 
50 
33 
220 
175 
7.997 VI 
: Alpha 
X 
: 1981 
5,99 
6.47 
6.43 
8.07 
9,11 
7.50 
6.45 
7.02 
9.59 
5,74 : 
7,01 
4.80 
6.67 
3,17 
4,91 
6,40 
5.06 
3.50 
4.48 
4,43 
3.67 
6,00 
6,03 : VII 
: Yield 
Alpha 
kg/ha 
1981 
: 105,21 
: 122.37 
: 119.39 
: 129,82 
' 93.33 
120.00 
. 111.48 
144.64 
194.04 
95.03 
88.37 
52.25 
85.85 
36.81 
65.84 
105.73 
57.57 
21.72 
35.71 
31.10 
55.00 
61.87 
86.51 : VIII : 
Beer 
: Production: 
m/hl : 
: (Barth) 
1981 
93.72 : 
21.85 
15.00 
• 61.55 
5.81 
2.90 
237,34 
228.95 
20.17 
12.00 
20.92 
23.93 
24.00 
11.30 
7.80 
585.42 
46.48 
65.00 
11.50 
5.40 
11.38 
228.11 
954.28 
ho 
I 
P 
X 
ha 
I 
P 
X two 
20113 
104 total 
t»88 tsee Toble 2 : HOPS: Areo cultivated, by Mmbar Stat* ond variety «roup - 1SS1. 1SSS. ISSS and 1996 
Arome Sitter 
78X 
531 
69 19782 
103 
7531 19649 
102 
73X 1981 
19190 
100 
489 
64 699 
91 67X 
760 
100 1990 
13085 
123 
65X 
87X 1988 
12165 
114 
6IX 
ssx 1986 1981 1990 tie* Other» 
198S 1986 
11001 10616 
103 100 
56X 5SX 
S3X 77X 6730 7236 8223 
s? se tee 
33X 37X 42X 
63X 63X 63X 
436 345 241 194 
225 177 124 100 
82X 71X 34X 26X 
3X 2X 2X IX 16 
17X 
«6 139 356 
29 76 
26X SIX 
IX SI «ttt 
tot 
43R 
t«ft 
6t» 298 
78 
IX 
67X 
«I 
1ft 381 
99 
72ft 
4 
es 
ift 
tx 425 
111 
2X 
73X 
1 
16 
OX 
OX 1981 
382 
100 
2X 
75X 
6 
100 
IX 
IX 
B ha 
I 
P 
X 
UK ha 
I 
P 
X 
IPX ho 
I 
P 
X 369 
43 
IX 
3365 
58 
13X 418 
49 
3878 
66 
17 
22 15X 
21 
28 
OX 578 
68 
2X 
4232 
72 
16X 
38 
48 
OX 846 
100 
5803 
100 124 
77 
34X 
IX 129 
81 
31X 
IX 
20X 
79 
100 1312 1605 
46 56 
39X 41X 
9X 11X 
6 
50 
38X 
OX 5 
41 
24X 
OX 107 
67 
19X 
IX 
1836 
64 
43X 
14X 
6 
50 
17X 
OX 159 
100 
19X 
IX 
2644 
100 
49X 
21X 
12 
100 
16X 
OX 230 
39 
82ft 
2ft 
2048 
71 
6IX 
19ft 
11 
17 m 
42 
68ft 
2X 
2142 
74 
95ft 
19ft 
16 
29 
76X 
Oft 448 
78ft 
2283 
78 
93ft 
17» 
83ft 77» 
m 
Mt6 
«3 
84ft 19 
J8 
«ft 
4ft 
29 
30 
IX 
7» 
OX 
Oft te 
41 
«ft 
3X 
131 
197 
3X 
MX 
0 
Oft 
OK 23 
58 
4X 
4X 
133 
160 
SX 
23X 
3X 
OX 39 
100 
9X 
83 
100 
IX 
16X 
OX 
OX 
SP ho 
I 
P 
X 
P ha 
I 
P 
X 
EEC ha 
I 
P 
X 1412 
70 
125 
70 
cz 
2SE32 
89 
100X 1499 
74 
150 
64 
IX 
26237 
90 
100X 1616 
80 
163 
91 
28673 
93 2003 
100 
178 
too 
tx 
28899 
100 3 
37 
OX 
OX 
ox 
OK 8 
100 
1ft 
OX 
ox 
ox 9 
112 
IX 
OX 
OX 
OX 8 
100 
OX 
OK 
OX 
ox 1409 
70 
100X 
13X 
129 
70 
100X 
IX 1491 
74 
99X 
13X 
190 
84 
100ft 
1ft 180ft 
12ft 
183 
81 14ft 
ITS 
TX 
100ft 14987 14258 13199 
108 103 99 
98X 94ft 49X 
100X 100ft 100ft 13833 
100 
100ft 10842 11446 13892 
73 78 98 
41ft 44X 49ft 
100ft 14512 Oft 
8 
8ft 
343 
87 
fft OX 
Oft 
0 
ex 
932 
T84 
2ft 
t80X OX 
OX 
OX 
OX 
982 
114 
2X 
100X OX 
ox 
ox 
ox 
510 
100 
2X 
100X 
ho : hector*» 
I : Index bote 190 - 1981 
p : percentage of total oraa 
X : percentage of total EEC production 
>* 
•**» 
» --—'-' •--—• ^—*:-—. ^•.^M..J...w..T^..rflri—rrrruâWii ~ jmr'^Y^-^Tn'-^^rMt'T'ysiitrr-iii mni ir :-in<'ii'^îMii'Ni iShft ifl lutfisi lèrii i c. j ~ ' rif i~rr 11~ i r jfterji fciiij <»ifi i ira f ni j> < -r ir-i • •*• -i^iw-i'" • r -i \ ix^»'^* ^--^-. 
• le,3 : BALANCÉ OF PS09UCTI0M - AfWbATtC 4MB BITTE* ¥*JMtT»CS ( 
198») 
Pod. Rap. of Cer—nyl 
Franca 
e*i«i«M 
United. Klmiw 
Ireland 
I 
Spain 
PorUiool 
EEC 
Uni tod Stat** 
Australie 
Yugoslavia 
CMcfwolowoklo 
! COt 
I Poland 
f 
|H*tO*ry 
Chlno 
I • 
«St 
I • 
Other» 
• WTAL 372.23» 
9.744 
4.076 
98.019 
808 
95.472 
49 
103.446 
299.980 
9.448 
S3.188 
3.948 
2t2.< 
1.188.887 611 tar 
348.187 
19.994 
18.743 
74.748 
84.783 
1.917 
37.4 
1.818 
8.773 
169.477 
1.993.888 ML 
348.889 
6.681 
3.798 
49.093 
190 
61.188 
218.888 
4.819 
81.696 
3.384 
214.888 
1.889.179 Bitter 
338.968 
19.048 
16.939 
98.383 
39.987 
398.220 
37.890 
72.188 
2.400 
9.439 
180.008 
1.267.260 1967 
316.982 
7.408 
3.722 
43.430 
80 
109 
371.717 
79.879 
480 
109.300 
238.380 
2.198 
49.199 
3.15* 
220.000 
1.900 
1.089.492 Bitter 
291.819 
6.787 
10.709 
97.397 
738 
36.873 
6.430 
410.737 
378.398 
37.900 
09.394 
3.900 
10.195 
200.000 
141.000 
1.291.004 1988 
Aram I Bitter 
349.937 
10.803 
4.013 
41.972 
101 
98 
402.482 
143.180 
88.000 
307.400 
2.121 
93.100 
2.299 
200.000 
2.900 
1.209.022 234.997 
4.997 
7.916 
93.978 
496 
32.430 
3.087 
338.881 
391.778 
47.200 
61.018 
3.800 
10.497 
190.000 
124. 
1.089.979 1989 
Aroms I Bitter 
399.216 
11.117 
4.618 
37.401 
84 
30 
441.876 
191.770 
2.260 
84.800 
249.460 
700 
44.800 
1.980 
200.000 
8.700 
1.201.926 238.906 
3.981 
7.198 
99.187 
419 
49.361 
4.949 
391.032 
346.439 
47.200 
18.400 
99.300 
4.200 
10.434 
140.000 
167.700 
1.144.701 1990 
Aroma I Bitter 
338.962 
12.941 
3.995 
35.016 
171 
29 
391.114 
175.978 
1.916 
67.900 
212.280 
662 
45.200 
636 
180.000 
7.900 
1.083.588 203.713 
2.794 
7.638 
99.212 
919 
42.402 
3.412 
316.646 
339.800 
40.034 
14.000 
52.944 
4.200 
7.798 
185.000 
150.120 
1.110.142 
V L9 
Do 
Table 4 : ESTIMATED FORWARD SALES 1991 - 1995 
I Estliated forward sales (zentners) 
Country S 
! 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 
F.R. of Gereany | 430.000 ! 360.000 ! 260.000 ! 150.000 ! 
France | 13.425 ! 14.692 ! 14.514 | 13.514 \ 15.359 
Belgium ; 3.500 î 3.100 | 2.700 ! 1.800 ! 1.400 
United Kingdom | 87.000 ! 48.000 | 18.000 | 6.000 ! 2.000 
Spain | 43.000 ; 43.000 I ! ! 
EEC-12 î 576.925 ! 468.792 } 295.214 | 171.314 ! 18.759 
United States | 401.135 j 374.012 j 291.075 ! 434.486 | 
Australia | 35.000 ! 28.000 | 25.000 | ! 
Yugoslavia | 44.000 ! 38.000 | 22.000 ; 18.000 ! 15.000 
Czechoslovakia ! 220.000 ; 150.000 | 120.000 ! 80.000 ! 60.000 
Poland i 47.500 ; 45.000 ! 43.500 | 41.000 ! 
Hungary | 12.000 ! 12.000 ! 12.000 ! 12.000 ! 12.000 
IHGC Total | 1.336.560 ! 1.115.804 | 808.789 ! 756.800 ! 105.759 
Source HB March 1991 
>E?5: rmS) EASE «RIES 1971 - 1990 
YK* 
1971 
1972 
1973 
1974 
1975 
1976 
1977 
1978 
1979 
1960 
1981 
1982 
1983 
1964 
1985 
1983 
1967 
1988 
1S90 AFEA (ho) I PRODUCTION 
I (2ENTr€R) I IN UNES 
I I 
75.042 
78.015 
81.247 
82.083 
80.527 
78.208 
79.262 
80.230 
81.224 
88.348 
92.434 
95.532 
92.688 
88.701 
88.700 
85.699 
87.274 
90.044 
90.504 
89.587 1.921. 
2.103. 
2.388. 
2.223. 
2.270. 
2.135. 
2.355. 
2.200. 
2.359. 
2.378. 
2.652. 
2.966. 
2.851. 
2.472. 
2.419. 
2.372. 
2.368. 
2.407, 
2.365 
2.200. —I-
I 
000 I 
440 I 
020 I 
520 I 
040 I 
200 t 
920 I 
173 I 
848 I 
772 I 
I 833 
785 I 
851 I 
791 I 
725 I 
455 I 
497 I 
032 I 
235 I 
977 I 
I 96.050 
105.172 
118.301 
111.178 
113.502 
106.780 
117.798 
110.009 
117.992 
118.939 
132.642 
148.339 
132.593 
123.840 
120.966 
118.622 
118.324 
120.352 
118.262 
110.049 T/r* 
1.28 
1.35 
1.48 
1.35 
1.41 
1,37 
1.49 
1.37 
1.45 
1.38 
1.43 
1.55 
1.43 
1.39 
1.40 
1.38 
1.38 
1.34 
1.30 
1.23 YIELD 
ALPHKTOtCS 
5.377 
6.174 
7.468 
6.627 
7.230 
6.137 
7.068 
6.374 
7.348 
7.048 
7.997 
8.805 
7.543 
8.165 
6.990 
7.528 
8.414 
7.382 
7.436 
6.661 PERCENT 
AU** 
5.60 
5.87 
6.31 
5.96 
6.37 
5.75 
6.00 
5.79 
6.23 
5.92 
6.03 
5.94 
5.69 
6.60 
5.78 
6.35 
7.11 
6.10 
6.30 
6.05 AlPH* 
71.65 
79.14 
91.92 
80.74 
89.78 
78,47 
89.15 
79.45 
90.47 
81.80 
86.52 
92.17 
81.33 
92.05 
80.62 
86.04 
96.45 
81.98 
81.90 
74.40 BEER PRCDUCTICN 
M H. 
658 
689 
731 
771 
802 
826 
848 
875 
911 
938 
954 
970 
970 
970 
982 
990 
1.044 
1.050 
1.090 
1.130 CCNTRCT PRICE 
FR5 
04/2ENn€R 
353 
332 
331 
331 
331 
327 
319 
297 
324 
341 
377 
390 
405 
409 
401 
410 
405 
398 
387 
384 SPOT PRICE 
FRC 
B4/2ENRCR 
622 
372 
207 
235 
221 
264 
128 
290 
533 
1.400 
606 
167 
210 
191 
245 
151 
301 
378 
328 
1.190 AVERAGE 
PRICE US* 
0.66 
0.71 
0.76 
0.80 
0.83 
0,85 
0.90 
0.90 
0.98 
1.51 
1.51 
1.74 
1.93 
2.10 
2.03 
1.78 
1.51 
1.40 
1.38 
1.47 
A\G*GE 
INXX '90 
(1971 « 1CC) 
INZX '90 
(1980 - 100) 85.068 
119 
104 2.359.506 
115 
93 117.975 
115 
93 1.39 
96 
89 7.188 
124 
95 6.09 
108 
102 84.29 
104 
91 910 363 
172 109 
121 113 402 
191 
85 1e29 
223 
97 
Sources : EEC/lhS/COAOCIAL AM) VARIOUS SOURCES 
V 
Totol* 6: WORLD BEER PRODUCTION 1976 - 1908 (1 000 hi) b*j 
F.R. a GERMANY 
FRANCE 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
BELGIUM 
LUXEMBOURG 
UNITED KINGDOM 
IRELAND 
DENMARK 
CREECE 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
TOTAL EEC (1) 
U.S.A. 
CANADA 
BRAZIL 
MEXICO 
VENEZUELA 
COLUMBIA 
TOTAL AMERICA 
USSR 
ROMANIA 
BULGARIA 
POLAND 
C.D.R. 
CZECHOSLOVAKIA 
HUNGARY 
CUBA 
TOTAL COMECON 
YUGOSLAVIA 
SOUTH AFRICA 
NICERIA 
JAPAN 
CHINA 
AUSTRALIA 
OTHERS 
TOTAL WORLD 
% CHANGE P.A. 1978 
91 696 
22 395 
7 962 
14 691 
13 399 
664 
66 419 
9 644 
6 094 
1 990 
18 693 
233 424 
210 139 
20 366 
26 530 
21 994 
9 300 
10 964 
319 999 
65 000 
8 190 
9 160 
11 378 
23 000 
22 098 
7 244 
3 000 
144 990 
10 009 
6 000 
4 890 
44 300 
4 000 
19 911 
69 907 
879 279 
3.17 1979 1980 
91 643 
22 405 
v 899 
15 388 
13 681 
712 
67 416 
6 039 
8 129 
2 482 
19 712 
237 076 
215 809 
20 540 
28 000 
24 649 
10 000 
11 354 
331 691 
70 000 
6 300 
5 900 
11 127 
23 000 
23 610 
7 900 
2 307 
151 344 
11 294 
6 800 
6 710 
44 796 
6 460 
19 676 ; 92 342 
21 684 
8 969 
15 684 
14 291 
729 
64 830 
6 000 
6 169 
2 900 
20 027 
236 040 
227 746 
20 669 
29 900 
26 019 
12 500 
12 300 
351 940 
65 000 
6 900 
5 400 
11 185 
?' 000 
«/;; -33 
7 600 
2 365 
147 643 
11 712 
8 900 
7 850 
45 136 
6 920 
19 433 
79 260 : 77 629 
910 749 : 936 332 
4.09 : 2.81 1981 
93 721 
21 699 
9 021 
16 639 
13 811 
778 
61 721 
9 839 
6 189 
2 800 
20 924 
237 337 
228 990 
21 014 
29 900 
20 321 
12 000 
12 000 
356 099 
65 000 
11 900 
5 400 
11 300 
24 000 
23 934 
7 800 
2 400 
191 334 
12 000 
10 249 
8 000 
46 480 
11 360 
20 170 
79 514 
994 263 
1.92 1982 1983 
94 826 
22 331 
10 193 
16 180 
14 629 
791 
86 149 
5 638 
8 468 
2 890 
21 499 
235 928 
226 090 
23 667 
29 500 
27 963 
12 000 
13 436 
366 466 
68 000 
11 900 
6 000 
10 300 
29 000 
24 921 
7 825 
2 400 
199 946 
13 402 
12 000 
10 360 
47 339 
13 840 
19 662 94 983 
21 803 
10 111 
17 327 
14 229 
691 
60 324 
5 464 
8 734 
2 800 
22 082 
236 266 
230 331 
22 999 
29 000 
23 611 
11 769 
11 760 
352 579 
66 100 
11 900 
6 000 
10 076 
29 900 
24 956 
7 812 
2 400 
154 344 
12 378 
12 000 
10 000 
49 323 
16 300 
19 390 
81 906 : 83 464 
969 988 : 970 066 
1.69 0.01 1964 
92 963 
20 673 
9 143 
17 049 
14 311 
634 
60 105 
8 423 
8 499 
3 000 
21 832 
233 222 
226 490 
23 012 
28 sm 
25 032 
11 62G 
14 900 
353 427 
66 100 
11 900 
9 900 
9 961 
26 000 
23 780 
7 912 
2 600 
193 393 
13 600 
13 000 
9 000 
46 689 
22 133 
18 949 
69 026 
970 231 
0.01 1985 
93 303 
20 297 
10 317 
17 931 
13 931 
736 
99 695 
5 937 
7 924 
2 970 
23 393 
235 963 
226 825 
22 126 
30 250 
27 392 
10 300 
15 800 
358 452 
60 000 
11 900 
9 900 
10 801 
29 000 
22 354 
8 772 
2 600 
146 927 
10 909 
13 900 
9 290 
47 461 
32 000 
16 903 
86 860 
982 374 
1.29 1966 
94 100 
20 655 
11 082 
17 988 
13 715 
732 
99 166 
5 496 
7 900 
3 190 
3 949 
24 126 
261 619 
230 949 
22 819 
43 760 
29 287 
11 200 
16 600 
354 207 
99 000 
11 000 
9 000 
11 380 
24 300 
22 783 
9 222 
4 047 
146 732 
10 900 
14 900 
6 640 
49 980 
40 000 
16 170 
113 373 
1 019 917 
1.03 1987 
92 744 
19 694 
11 122 
17 947 
13 990 
662 
99 827 
9 369 
8 200 
3 200 
4 977 
29 000 
262 602 
229 297 
23 114 
47 900 
31 937 
12 100 
17 600 
361 146 
50 000 
10 000 
7 000 
11 644 
25 000 
22 228 
9 500 
3 600 
136 972 
11 790 
18 000 
7 000 
93 900 
90 000 
IS 765 
122 386 
1 044 163 
2.78 MSB 
92 639 
19 500 
11 191 
17 600 
13 988 
635 
60 260 
5 401 
8 3S9 
3 700 
5 519 
27 000 
26S 100 
229 307 
23 114 
47 600 
32 <21 
13 000 
16 513 
399 000 
50 000 
10 000 
7 000 
12 257 
24 400 
22 670 
9 480 
3 320 
139 127 
12 054 
16 093 
7 300 
57 496 
95 000 
19 900 
89 928 
1 096 600 
1.19 1989 
93 016 
20 926 
10 3S3 
18 C30 
14 000 
617 
60 140 
9 400 
8 600 
3 900 
6 810 
27 200 
269 792 
231 500 
23 637 
55 000 
36 677 
11 000 
18 000 
412 000 
56 000 
13 000 
7 000 
12 380 
24 800 
23 000 
9 368 
3 400 
148 966 
n ooo 
21 000 
7 000 
61 000 
60 000 
18 700 
91 940 
1 102 000: 
4.30 
(1) Spoin and Portooo I Included In CEC tot» I from II 
Sourco: EEC COMMISSION; JOH. SMITH * 90NN; C.frMf.C. 
v> 
Table 7a : EEC external trade In hops and hop products 
September 1989 - August 1990 
! { Cones ! Powders ! Extracts I Total equivalent (1) ! 
! (x 1000 kg) | ! I | | ! | Hop cones I 
! i Extra i Total ! Extra J Total I Extra ! Total I Extra ! Total ! 
IF.R.G. ill ! I I I I I 
!- Uport ; 6.868 ! 8.596 J 349 ! 1.126 ! 87 I 264 | 7.557 | 10.759 I 
I- Export i 6.106 ! 8.937 ! 7.797 ! 11.156 ! 1.516 ! 2.316 ! 19.989 ! 29.315 ! 
!- Net | -762 | 341 | 7.448 | 10.030 | 1.429 ! 2.052 | 12.432 ! 18.556 ! 
{France SSI I S I ! I ! 
S- Import i 762 ! 796 J 0 | 425 ! 37 | 177 ! 892 ! 1.884 ! 
!- Export | 315 | 868 | 147 | 294 J - j - | 477 | 1.191 I 
!- Net i -447 | 72 I 147 | -131 | -37 ! -177 S -415 | -692 ! 
{Belgium/ SI! I I I ! I S 
i Luxembourg SSI S I S S S S 
i- Import S 1.537 S 2.310 S 1.053 S 1.682 S 89 S 136 S 3.007 S 4.636 S 
i- Export S 38 S 202 S 60 S 724 S 67 S 260 S 339 S 1.908 ! 
I- Net S -1.499 S -2.108 S -993 S 958 S -22 S 124 S -2.668 S -2.728 ,' 
{United Kingdom S S S S S S S ! î 
!- Import S 534 S 917 S 289 S 1.051 S 43 î 240 S 1.003 S 2.913 S 
!- Export S 12 S 439 S 66 S 1.050 S 66 S 101 i 316 S 1.947 S 
S- Net S -522 J -478 S -223 S -1 î 23 S -139 S -687 S -966 S 
i Ireland S S S S S S S S S 
i- Import S OS 16 S 99 S 451 S 178 S 200 S 732 S 1.212 ! 
!- Export S - S - S 40 S 65 S 50 S 32 S 219 S 184 S 
!- Net S OS -16 S -59 S -386 S -128 S -168 S -513 S -1.029 ! 
S Italy S S S S S S S S S 
S- Import S 10 S 36 S OS 411 S OS 74 S 10 S 747 S 
!- Export S 4 S - S - S - S 0 S 3 S 4 S 11 J 
!- Net S -6 S -36 S 0 { -411 { OS -71 S -6 S -736 S 
{Denmark S S S S S S S S S 
!- Import S OS 58 S 28 S 660 S 15 S 70 S 84 S 1.029 S 
!- Export J -{ -S -S -î -S -S -S -î 
I- Net S OS -58 S -28 S -660 S -15 S -70 S -84 S -1.029 S 
{Netherlands S S S S S S S I S 
{- Import S OS IS 24 S 260 S 233 S 394 S 841 S 1.666 S 
!- Export S - S - S - S - S 4 S 147 S 14 S 515 S 
!- Net S OS -IS -24 S -260 S -229 S -247 j -827 J -1.151 J 
iH 
S Cones | Powders | Extracts | Total equivalent (1) 
(x 1000 kg) S I I I I S S Hop cones 
i Extra S Total | Extra ! Total S Extra S Total { Extra S Total 
Spain S I I I ! I I S 
- Import S 50 S 379 | 231 | 356 ! 47 ! 106 { 469 | 1.142 
- Export S 0 1 196 I 0 | 3 | - S - I OS 199 
- Net ! -50 | -183 \ -231 S -353 ! -47 { -106 ! -469 S -943 
Portugal { S S I I I I S 
- Import S OS 18 | 55 S 140 i 25 ! 169 ! 149 S 764 
- Export S 0| 248 S - } - ! - ! - j - ! 248 
-Net S 0| 230 S -55 | -140 | -25 S -169 S -149 S -516 
Greece SIS ! S S S S 
- Import S - S - S 0 S 32 S - S - S OS 35 
- Export S -S -S -î -S -S -S OS 
-Net } - { - } 0 î -32 J - S - S 0{ -35 
; ; ; ; j j ; ; 
EEC Total S S S S I i S S 
- Import S 10.490 S 13.585 S 1.906 ! 6.391 ! 764 ! 1.986 S 15.261 S 27.566 
- Export S 6.471 S 8.920 | 8.113 S 13.231 S 1.312 S 2.860 S 19.987 S 33.484 
- Net S -4.019 S -4.665 i 6.207 ! 6.840 ! 548 ! 874 i 4.727 ! 5.918 
(1) 100 kg pellets - 110 kg cones 
100 kg extracts - 350 kg cones 
Source : EEC-NIMEXE 
M 
Toble 7b: Conmunlty external trade in hops by selected partner countries 
September 1989 - August 1990 
Canes 
Extra Total Powders Extracts 
Extra Total Extra Total Total «quivalont 
Cones 
Extra Tot 
Total EEC 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 10 490 
6 471 
- 4 019 13 585 
8 920 
- 4 665 1 906 
8 113 
6 207 8 391 
13 231 
6 840 784 
1 312 
548 1 986 
2 880 
874 15 261 
19 987 
4 727 27 5 
33 4 
5 9 
of which: 
U.S.A. 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 1 134 
9 124 
7 990 176 
382 
206 886 
28 
- 858 37 
9 6 
5 9 
Czechoslovakia 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 3 659 
75 
3 584 384 
- 384 4 0 
4 C 
U.S.S.R. 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 888 
854 
-14 132 
132 61 
61 f 
1 C 
2 
Yugoslovio 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 2 536 
56 
2 480 187 
42 
- 145 43 
43 2 1 
i 
2 4 
China 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 1 514 
1 514 250 
8 
- 242 23 
23 1 I 
1 I 
Japan 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 56 
56 10 
3 159 
3 149 50 
50 3 : 
3 ( 
(1) 100 kg pellets 
100 kg extracts 110 kg cones 
350 kg cones 
Source : EEC-NIMEXE 
Table 8 HOPS SOLD 
CONTRACT WITHOUT AND 
1978 - 1990 UNDER CONTRACT AND AVERAGE PRICES WITHOUT CONTRACT AND UNDER CONTRACT 1978 - 19 
A. EEC 1978 - 1990 
1978 
1979 
1980 
1981 
1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 Without 
contract (1) 
50 kg 
1 
166 
150 
67 
154 
363 
223 
195 
173 
202 
161 
119 
169 
70 .036 
.109 
.385 
.754 
.795 
.549 
.478 
.339 
.218 
.850 
.035 
.083 
.306 Under contract 
50 kg 
686 
745 
723 
768 
763 
744 
728 
718 
667 
634 
632 
641 
644 .210 
.308 
.983 
. 155 
. 131 
.142 
.662 
. 124 
.937 
.361 
.255 
.429 
.352 X under 
cont ract 
81 
83 
91 
83 
68 
77 
79 
81 
77 
80 
84 
79 
90 Without 
cont ract 
ECU/50 kg 
106 
182 
469 
225 
65 
91 
69 
92 
62 
123 
158 
134 
468 29 
12 
00 
63 
18 
85 
61 
33 
72 
41 
55 
58 
82 Under contract 
ECU/50 kg 
111 
1 18 
133 
162 
176 
183 
189 
173 
169 
168 
169 
164 
166 73 
30 
00 
78 
93 
13 
92 
19 
93 
19 
82 
30 
61 o 
Ô 
B. EEC 1990 
F.R. of Germany 
Franco 
Be I c I urn 
United K I ngdom 
I r o i and 
Spain 
Portuga I 55.717 
1 .022 
8.526 
5.041 493 
14 
3 
86 
42 
3 413 
547 
299 
554 
686 
431 
412 89 
90 
93 
28 
94 
100 
100 
100 138,07 
123,69 
118,41 
116,74 
228,72 
80,24 90 89 
505,56 
390,02 
375,66 
236,25 164,00 
176,47 
129,17 
177.33 
219,48 
146,32 
124,22 90 
163,03 
212.16 
143 
190 
267 
148 
121 49 
18 
7 3 
28 
72 
(1) Unsold quantities are not Included 
Tabic» » : l/tantoer St at M' returns 
Totol 
ho 
1990 He» 
ha 
1990 ho 
1989 4 9 8 7 
Equivalent 
Ho ho Product ion 
pro- full (90 kg) Yield 
1989 production (90 kg) 8 9 9o 
Product Ion 
Contract "Spot" Not eold Contract 
O) (90 kg) (90 kg) (90 kg) 10 11 12 
Totol return* 
Spot" Return» 
(2) totol 
ECU ECU ECU 13 14 
Average price 
Contract "Spot" 
ECU/ ECU/ 
90 kg 90 kg 19 
Returns/Ha 
Total areo 
planted 
ECU 16 
Returne/fa 
Area eojulv. 
in full prod. 
ECU 
Irani Ing 
ÎTf3llor>ï?*r 
FIA-« Alsoclo 
Fuggleo 
Go If! Inge 
Hallertauer 
Kersbrucker 
Huiler 
Perle 
^rogrees 
Scot 
Scm 
St?;ûe»t£<Mlt 
SunoïiSno 
Tettnanesr 
«3V UK EEC 
B 
UK 
EEC 
SP EEC 
UK 
i m. 
EEC 
UK EEC 
0 
8 
EEC 
0 
8 
EEC 
0 EEC 
0 EEC 
UK EEC 
8 EEC 
0 
8 
EEC 
F EEC 
UK EEC 
0 EEC 
UK EEC 31.40 
19.69 
408.49 
424.10 
3.00 
370.40 
9.92 
379.92 
376.30 
1321.00 
90.86 
1411.86 
7404.00 
10.18 
7414.18 
902.00 
2980.00 
49.10 
4.17 
241.00 
2.89 
243.89 
437.72 
0.90 
1037.00 
79.20 3.10 
4.04 
40.10 
44.14 
1.70 
1.70 
6.90 
44.00 
3.89 
47.89 
419.00 
9.28 
420.28 
2.00 
127.00 
8.60 
13.00 
0.09 
13.09 
49.60 
26.00 
5.60 4.50 
6.39 
21.40 
27.79 
1.00 
1.00 
6.00 
34.00 
5.31 
39.31 
546.00 
3.72 
549.72 
1.00 
187.00 
8.00 
0.08 
8.08 
60.61 
32.00 
1.90 23.80 
9.22 
346.99 
392.17 
3.00 
367.70 
9.92 
373.22 
363.80 
1243.00 
81.66 
1324.66 
6443.00 
1.18 
8444.18 
499.00 
2266.00 
36.90 
4.17 
220.00 
2.72 
222.72 
331.91 
0.90 
979.00 
72.10 27.97 
10.99 
376.90 
387.89 
3.00 
389.03 
9.92 
374.99 
370.30 
1282.70 
86.87 
1369.37 
6963.90 
9.71 
6969.61 
900.49 
2438.39 
39.94 
4.17 
230.40 
2.79 
233.19 
389.13 
0.90 
1010.20 
79.32 918 
901 
12005 
12908 
29 
9287 
171 
9458 
10425 
30180 
2999 
33179 
190032 
305 
190337 
13327 
77501 
1126 
104 
4329 
86 
4415 
12941 
23893 
1655 16.80 
32.01 
29.39 
29.49 
9.67 
25.08 
30.99 
25.16 
27.71 
22.80 
33.01 
23.90 
25.70 
29.98 
25.87 
26.50 
30.00 
24.97 
24.94 
18.00 
30.18 
18.11 
29.57 
22.80 
20.89 412 
45 
11540 
11589 
29 
8076 
171 
8247 
9442 
26969 
600 
27969 
182449 
89 
182930 
10813 
62892 
1100 
4036 
4036 
12923 
22990 
1948 106 
496 
465 
921 
1211 
1211 
997 
3211 
2399 
5610 
7587 
220 
7807 
2514 
14609 
26 
104 
293 
86 
379 
419 
1003 
107 75997 
6487 
2041077 
0 2047964 
4918 
1778204 
49250 
0 1827494 
25 2259176 
5949678 
0 9636176 
30496901 
12294 
0 30908795 
1749482 
9651022 
236326 
0 
889679 
0 
0 889679 
2784947 
0 
4996279 
321999 21003 
194813 
74639 
229493 
0 
0 
305935 
227992 
1782236 
910316 
2892592 
3229166 
75044 
3300210 
971658 
8981210 
9230 
40900 
176911 
19940 
192491 
197400 
0 
839076 
21988 161301 
2119716 
2277017 
4918 
2083739 
49250 
2132989 
2491227 
7331914 
996813 
8328728 
33721667 
87296 
2721140 
18232231 
241596 
40500 
1062186 
15940 
1078128 
2941948 
0 
5635351 
343987 184.36 
144.16 
176.87 
176.74 
169.98 
220.18 
288.01 
221.99 
239.27 
205.59 
144.16 
204.44 
187.36 
144.16 
167.14 
161.84 
153.34 
214.84 
218.61 
219.44 
222.35 
221.31 
193.27 198.14 
339.90 
160.91 
249.13 
252.30 
252.30 
237.82 
555.18 
379.46 
479.96 
425.20 
341.11 
422.72 
366*99 
987.47 
201.19 
389.42 
602.33 
185.35 
174.16 
375.86 
637.16 
205.49 3088 
10307 
5180 
5369 
1639 
5626 
8922 
5674 
6620 
5590 
10971 
4999 
8979 
4960 
9421 
7067 
9396 
9712 
4407 
5993 
4421 
6721 
0 
9434 
4343 3467 
14678 
9613 
9670 
1639 
9647 
8922 
9699 
6728 
9716 
11502 
6082 
4842 
15289 
4891 
9437 
7477 
8048 
9712 
4610 
3709 
4623 
7960 
0 
9978 
4967 
TOTAL 0 
F 
8 
UK 
IRL 
SP 
EEC 13085.00 
437.72 
123.71 
1311.79 
9.92 
3.00 
14968.70 827.00 
45.60 
13.28 
89.60 
0.00 
0.00 
791.46 808.00 11890.00 
80.61 331.31 
19.50 94.99 
34.40 1211.79 
0.00 9.92 
0.00 3.00 
918.31 13296.73 12426.00 338962 29.90 309749 
389.19 
110.33 
1280.39 
9.92 
3.00 12941 
3999 
39016 
171 
29 29.57 
32.29 
26.89 
30.98 
9.67 12523 
730 
32118 
171 
29 
14194.35 391114 26.13 359316 29217 
419 
3285 
2872 
0 
0 
35773 0 53328632 
0 2784547 
0 105239 
IS 8712739 
0 49290 
0 4918 
29 82989326 19379896 68704489 
197400 2941948 
1196614 1301852 
659987 7373185 
0 49290 
0 4918 
17385857 80375642 172.17 
222.35 
144.16 
209.00 
288.01 
169.58 
177.27 526.28 
375.66 
366.50 
228.41 
.01 5251 
6721 
10523 
5621 
8922 
1639 
5370 5929 
7960 
11800 
5690 
8922 
1639 
9663 
(1) Conversion rates ore as follows: (1 ecu -...): DM 2.39418; PES 194.794; FF 7.89963; IRf 0.878776; ESC 208.876: UKL 0.798189; BF 48.5563. 
(2) Returns for unco Id Quantities are calculated en these prlcos : 79 % of spot price. 
Toble 9 : Msnfcer Stotes* returns 
Brewer's Gold 
Chinook 
Galena 
H-3 Leone* 
H-7 Leone* 
Nortndown 
Northern Bri 
Nugget 
OHiego 
Orion 
Torget 
Ytsornon 0 
F 
8 
P 
EEC 
F EEC 
F EEC 
SP EEC 
$P EEC 
B 
UK 
IRL 
EEC 
D 
F 
B 
UK 
EEC 
F EEC 
UK EEC 
0 EEC 
B 
UK 
F 
EJtC 
8 
UK 
F 
EZC Total 
ho 
1990 
1731.00 
39.41 
23.60 
129.00 
1919.01 
1.39 
0.99 
889.00 
544.00 
0.00 
410.30 
11.48 
421.78 
4868.00 
13.77 
152.78 
17.50 
9054.03 
4.87 
41.70 
131.00 
34.52 
1391.00 
11.11 
1438.83 
19.48 
187.40 
15.05 
221.93 he •*•-5 6 7 
Ecrivaient 
ha Product Ion 
full (SO kg) Yield 
production (SO kg) 8 9 
Production 
Contract "Spot* Not sold 
(50 kg) (50 kg) (50 kg) 10 11 
Totol returns 
Contract "Spot" 
(1) (2) 
ECU ECU 12 13 14 
Average price 
Return* Contract "Spot" 
total ECU/ ECU/ 
ECU SO kg SO kg 15 
Returnable 
Total area 
planted 
ECU 16 
Returns/So 
Area equiv. 
In full prod. 
ECU 
13.80 
1.38 
14.38 
0.31 
0.99 
18.40 
18.40 
72.00 
0.39 
72.35 
4.17 
0.00 
1.00 
18.83 
283.40 
1.8B 
221.SB 
6.98 
7.18 
14.08 7.88 
8.29 
7.29 
0.50 
8.00 
14.88 
14.80 
«8.08 
2.87 
48.87 
8.98 
3.98 
3.08 
7.99 
123.30 
3.33 
134.58 
8.98 
9.» 
7.38 
14.91 1711.08 
38.03 
23.31 
129.00 
1897.34 
1.08 
88S.88 
944.80 
377.10 
11.46 
388.98 
4790.08 
15.77 
148.74 
17.88 
4833.81 
38.28 
127.00 
8.94 
9884.38 
6.13 
1088.37 
9.98 
188.18 
7.88 
183.34 1720.79 
38.98 
23.90 
129.00 
1907.83 
1.93 
0.22 
869.00 
544.00 
0.08 
394.08 
11.46 
409.94 
4808.78 
15.77 
151.82 
17.50 
4883.59 
1.99 
40.48 
129.39 
21.76 
1229.81 
8.99 
1296.92 
12.86 
183.07 
12.47 
208.48 68020 
1706 
897 
3412 
74039 
40 
28890 
13492 
12024 
919 
12938 
131982 
399 
9198 
933 
137632 
38 
892 
4111 
1038 
38881 
274 
40003 
949 
4072 
337 
4994 39.20 
43.28 
38.01 
27.30 
38.98 
29.20 
33.47 
24.73 
29.31 
44.94 
29.73 
27.00 
22.76 
33.77 
30.49 
27.23 
6.94 
21.39 
31.40 
30.07 
27.81 
24.69 
27.85 
27.98 
21.73 
22.40 
22.32 54719 
1464 
3412 
59615 
40 
13452 
11132 
31S 
11647 
121051 
117 
1829 
511 
123508 
38 
824 
3413 
478 
37768 
230 
38476 
236 
3930 
115 
4281 13301 
206 
897 
14404 
892 
892 
10531 
237 
3319 
22 
14109 
68 
696 
560 
924 
41 
1525 
309 
142 
119 
370 IS 6382679 
218992 
0 
415308 
13 7016960 
6986 
0 
4049043 
2237742 
0 
0 2301471 
134419 
0 2435886 
S 16205 
10 258438 
98461 
13 19919698 
6257 
116353 
909456 
72572 
8377150 
4 37199 
4 6488921 
33901 
807164 
103 16544 
103 857609 5686260 
84771 
213922 
0 
5984953 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
192463 
0 
192483 
6076294 
87176 
1428113 
5830 
7597412 
0 
11585 
268784 
200248 
281337 
20264 
501848 
117246 
25009 
48995 
191249 12068940 
308393 
213922 
419308 
13006962 
6966 
0 
4049043 
2237742 
0 
2483934 
134415 
2828349 
29622867 
104760 
1689777 
111885 
27929310 
8257 
127938 
774240 
272819 
8990252 
151147 
832173 
97344 
1080664 116.81 
147.57 
121.72 
117.70 
164.65 
139.88 
186.35 
208.74 
261.00 
208.14 
161.42 
138.51 
141.30 
192.68 
161.28 
164.85 
141.21 
147.82 
191.82 
168.89 
161.74 
188.80 
143.89 
209.38 
143.88 
200.33 427.33 
411.91 
238.49 
415.51 
0.00 
215.77 
215.77 
578.85 
387.83 
430.28 
265.00 
538.48 
170.37 
386.12 
397.58 
304.48 
494.24 
329.08 
379.44 
176.12 
411.72 
335.53 6972 
7825 
9064 
3322 
8778 
3485 
0 
4881 
4113 
11729 
6232 
5264 
6843 
11082 
6393 
5447 
1340 
3068 
5910 
7903 
4787 
5308 
7758 7014 
7993 
9104 
3322 
8817 
4307 
0 
4881 
4113 
6328 
11729 
6481 
5328 
6643 
11145 
6393 
5513 
3139 
3161 
9986 
12938 
9432 
6883 
5963 
11794 
4946 
7804 
9189 € 
TOTAL 
BITTER D 
F 
B 
UK 
ira. 
p 6730.00 
88.49 
230.36 
2047.90 
11.46 
1409.00 
123.00 
10342.17 88.00 
8.08 
23.98 
228.90 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
348.92 98.80 8888.80 .80 203713 30.27 179189 
11.89 
17.88 
141.80 
0.80 
0.00 
0.00 88.78 
188.94 
1877.20 
11.48 
1409.00 
129.00 79.92 
209.73 
1868.93 
11.46 
1409.00 
129.00 2794 
7638 
58212 
SIS 
42402 
3412 31.14 
33.16 
27.45 
44.94 
30.09 
27.30 2024 
2543 
54165 
SIS 
42402 
3412 
227.35 10067.90 10394.49 316646 29.79 284246 24928 
803 
9085 
2048 
0 
0 
0 
32264 0 28434729 
127 301783 
10 364910 
0 9700600 
0 134413 
0 6286784 
0 415308 
137 43638S29 12031338 38466067 
241205 582289 
1959526 2327685 
516223 10224417 
0 134413 
0 6286784 
0 419308 
14748294 98436941 147.93 
149.10 
143.90 
179.09 
281.00 
148.27 
121.72 
193.92 490.91 
400.01 
369*39 
292.08 
457.11 9716 
6983 
10104 
4893 
11729 
4462 
3322 
5491 5777 
7322 
11098 
5494 
11729 
4462 
3322 
5644 
(1) Conversion roi29 are as follows (1 ecu - ...) : OM 2.39418; PES 194.794; FF 7.89963; IRX 0.878778; ESC 208.676; UKL 0.798189; BF 48.9963. 
(2) Returns for unsold quantities ore calculated on theee prices : 79 X of spot price. 
Toble 9 : Mwifcer Stotes' returns 
Total 
ha 
1990 ho 
1990 ha 
1969 4 9 6 7 
Equivalent 
Ho ho Production 
pre- full (90 kg) Yield 
1989 production (90 kg) 8 9 9a 
Product Ion 
Controc t "Spot" Not sold 
(90 kg) (90 kg) (90 kg) 10 11 
Totol returns 
Contract "Spot" 
(I) (2) 
ECU ECU 12 13 14 
Average price 
Return* Contract "Spot" 
totol ECU/ ECU/ 
ECU 90 kg 90 kg 19 
R*turn*/ha 
Total 
planted 
ECU 16 
Return*/ha 
Area equlv. 
in full prod. 
ECU 
ord 
•it» 
tors 0 
8 
EEC 
UK EEC 
F 
B 
UK 
EEC 298.00 
11.10 
309.10 
17.70 
4.48 
4.16 
7.30 
19.94 66.00 
66.00 
1.89 
1.89 8.00 
8.00 
0.29 
0.94 
0.79 224.00 
11.10 
239.10 
17.70 
4.23 
1.73 
7.30 
13.26 299.60 
11.10 
266.70 
17.70 
4.39 
2.84 
7.30 
14.93 6495 21.70 
278 25.05 
6733 21.78 
402 22.71 4483 
26 
4909 
281 
104 
104 25.00 
6.52 1972 
72 
2044 
121 
104 
104 680154 761110 1441264 
180 3213 25307 75971 
180 883367 786417 1314071 
49637 18703 68340 151.65 
123.37 
.151.98 
178.69 
21418 
0 
21418 21418 
21418 386.12 
391.49 
364.74 
194.97 
209.99 
209.99 4838 5639 
3861 
3148 
1344 5677 
3861 
7990 
1474 
0T AL 
rHERS 0 
F 
8 
UK 
EEC 298.00 86.00 8.00 224.00 299.60 6499 21.66 4483 1972 0 880194 761110 1441264 191.72 389.96 
4.48 0.00 0.29 4.23 4.39 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 
19.26 1.89 0.94 12.83 13.94 382 29.03 26 176 180 3213 46726 97389 123.97 269.49 
29.00 0.80 0.00 29.00 29.00 402 16.08 281 121 6 49637 18703 68340 178.89 194.97 
342.74 67.89 8.79 266.06 298.93 7239 21.12 4790 2269 180 733004 826938 1603830 193.03 364.27 4836 
0 9639 
0 
2734 
4679 2734 
9365 
0 T AL 0 
F 
B 
UK 
IRL 
SP 
P 
EEC 20113.00 
930.65 
369.33 
3384.69 
16.98 
1412.00 
129.00 
29991.61 779.00 
53.66 
39.11 
294.90 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
1166.27 872.00 
72.95 
33.90 
176.20 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
1154.65 18462.00 
404.44 
296.32 
2913.90 
16.98 
1412.00 
125.00 
23630.69 19340.40 
473.06 
334.00 
3146.28 
16.98 
1412.00 
125.00 
24847.72 549130 
19899 
12019 
91630 
686 
42431 
3412 
714999 27.30 
29.98 
32.93 
27.07 
40.40 
30.05 
27.30 
27.5S 493413 
14547 
3299 
66964 
686 
42431 
3412 
644392 99717 
1022 
8926 
9041 
0 
0 
0 
70306 0 80443919 
127 3086330 
190 473362 
29 16462976 
0 183669 
0 6291702 
0 419306 
342 107396899 28168304 108611819 
399600 3924233 
3202867 3726907 
1190913 17869942 
0 183669 
0 6291702 
0 419308 
32980689 140416412 163.03 
212.16 
143.49 
190.18 
267.73 
148.28 
121.72 
168.61 909.98 
390.02 
379.66 
236.29 
468.82 9400 
6641 
10091 
9219 
10617 
4496 
3322 
9411 9616 
7490 
11198 
9619 
10817 
4498 
3322 
9691 
) Conversion rote* are os follows (1 ecu - ...) : DM 2.39418: PES 194.794; FF 7.89963; IR/ 0.878776; ESC 208.676; UKL 0.796189; BF 48.9963. 
) Returns for unsold quantities ore calculated on these priées : 79 X of spot price. 
FICHE FINANCIERE 
DATE 
1. LIGNE BUDGETAIRE : 181 CREDITS 13 Mio ECU 
2. INTITULE DE LA MESURE : 
Proposition de règlement du Conseil fixant, dans le secteur du Houblon, le montant 
de l'aide aux producteurs pour la récolte 1990. 
3. BASE JURIDIQUE : Article 43 du traité de la CEE 
4. OBJECTIFS DE LA MESURE : 
Fixation de l'aide aux producteurs pour certains groupes de variétés de houblon de 
la récolte 1990. 
5. INCIDENCES FINANCIERES PERIODE DE 
12 MOIS EXERCICE EN 
COURS (91) EXERCICE 
SUIVANT (92) 
5.0 DEPENSES A LA CHARGE 
- DU BUDGET DES CE 
(INTERVENTIONS) 
- DES BUDGETS NATIONAUX 
- D'AUTRES SECTEURS 
5.1 RECETTES 
- RESSOURCES PROPRES DES CE 
(PRELEVEMENTS/DROITS DE DOUANE) 
- SUR LE PLAN NATIONAL 10,1 Mio ECU 10,1 Mio ECU p.m. 
1993 1994 1995 1996 
5.0.1 PREVISIONS DES DEPENSES 
5.1.1 PREVISIONS DES RECETTES 
5.2 MODE DE CALCUL 
Variétés 
Aromat iques 
Ameres 
Autres Ua 
14.967 
10.642 
242 
25.952 ECU/Ha Mio ,ECU 
340 5,1 
340 3,6 
340 0.1 
8,8 Mio ECU (A) 
8.8 Mio ECU (A) X 1,147 (DT) - 10.1 Mio ECU (B) 
6.0 FINANCEMENT POSSIBLE PAR CREDITS INSCRITS AU CHAPITRE CONCERNE DU BUDGET 
EN COURS D'EXECUTION OUI 
6.1 FSUANCEMENT POSSIBLE PAR VIREMENT ENTRE CHAPITRES DU BUDGET EN COURS 
D'EXECUTION 
6.2 NECLS3ITE D'UN BUDGET SUPPLEMENTAIRE 
6.3. CREDITS A INSCRIRE DANS LES BUDGETS ~UTURS OU! 
OBSERVATIONS : 
1SSN0254-1475 
C0M(91) 262 final 
EN 03 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-91-312-EN-C 
ISBN 92-77-74288-7 
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg