ARCHIVESHISTORIQUES
DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEEDES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(80)453
Vol.1980/0158

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(80)453 final
Brussels,25thJuly1980
COMMUNICATION OFTHECOMMISSION
TOTHEEUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ANDTOTHECOUNCIL
ONTHESTATUSOFJET
PROPOSAL FORACOUNCILDECISION
AMENDING DECISION 80/318/EURATOM OF13MARCH1980
ADOPTING ARESEARCH ANDTRAINING PROGRAMME (1979TO1983)
FORTHEEUROPEAN ATOMICENERGYCOMMUNITY INTHE
FIELDOFCONTROLLED THERMONUCLEAR FUSION
(presentedbytheCommissiontotheCouncil)
COM(80)453finalΑ\04
■– . i^• ->lo--, °

I. COMMUNICATION OFTHECOMMISSION TOTHEEUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND
TOTHECOUNCIL ONTHE STATUS OFJET .
1. INTRODUCTION
During itsconsideration ofthe1981 budget oftheJETJoint Undertaking
.atitsmeetings on27/28March and 17/18June 1980 ,theJETCouncil
discussed theProject Development Plan andProject Cost Estimates
submitted toitbytheDirector oftheProject .Inthepresent
communication ,theCommission wishes toinform theParliament and
Council about these discussions andtosubmit proposals forsolutions
*
tocertain problems which have arisen .Thepresent note islinked
toanearlier communication of26March 1979^,inwhich the
Commission informed Parliament andtheCouncil oftheupdating of
theProject atthat time .
2. PROGRESS OFTHE CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Theagreed timetable fortheconstruction phase remains unaltered .
Individual activities within this timetable areproceeding without
significant delay ,and theJETdevice isexpected tocome into
operation early in1983 .Industrial contracts have nowbeen letfor
60%oftheforeseen capital investments including essentially all
thebuildings and thecomponents oftheJETdevice .The fir.st build­
ing isalready being occupied andfurther buildings will beready
foroccupation shortly .Assembly ofthedevice itself will begin towards
theend of1980 ,and thefirst components have already been delivered .
Anessential condition for thesuccess ofJET isthecompletion ofthe
difficult anddemanding task ofdeveloping andconstructing systems
forheating theJETplasma which isbeing energetically pursued bythe
experts intheAssociated Laboratories .Afurther important task facing
these laboratories isthedevelopment andtheconstruction ofdiagnostic
0
equipment which isessential foroperation ofthedevice andforthe
scientific evaluation oftheresults obtained .This point isdiscussed
further inalater paragraph .
(1)Doc .COM (79)160final
.2.

3.PROBLEM AREAS
The problems with which theJET Council was concerned were inthe
following areas
a)Inflation
b)Provisión forcontingencies
1c)Diagnostic equipment
d)Staff requirements
e)Extended performance ofJET
f)Operational phase ofJET
3.1 Inflation
a)Background totheprevious Communication oftheCommission
Theprevious communication oftheCommission waspresented in
March 1979 .'Atthat time ,theeffective annual rate ofinflation
experienced bytheJETProject ,calculated inaccordance with the
procedure agreed bytheJETCouncil appeared tobedecreasing -
thefigures for 1977 and 1978 being 8.46% and'4.48% respectively .
Using these figures ,theDirector oftheProject proposed tothe
JETCouncil anoverall Project Cost Estimate fortheconstruction
(2}phase of207.65 MEUA attheprice level ofJanuary 1979 .This
wasequivalent totheInitial Project Cost Estimate of184.6 MEUA
(3)attheprice level ofJanuary 1977 .-Atitsmeeting on8/9
February 1979,' theJETCouncil decided toround down thefigure
from 207.65 MEUA to200.00 MEUA .This decision was reasonable
atthetime ,having regard tothetrend ininflation andthe
fact that theunutilised provision forcontingencies then stood
atalevel of19.0 MEUA .Accordingly theCommission communicated
(4)thefigure of200.00 MEUA toParliament and theCouncil yand
this formed thebasis for theProgramme Decision of13March 1980
atthelevel of201.25 MEUA (6). >
(2)Thephrase "XMEUA attheprice level ofJanuary ofyear Y"means :X
isthevalue atcurrent prices ifitisassumed that inflation ends
inJanuary oftheyear Y. 1
(3)Doc .R1227 /78 (AT0 25),Annex ,par .B(ì)
(4)Doc .COM (79)160final ,par .1.2 v
(5)O.J. Nr.L72,18.3 .1980 ,p.18
(6)Community appropriation 1978 : 16MEUA
Community appropriation 1979 /83 :145MEUA
Total : 161MEUA
Community participation :80% ,thus 161 :0.8=201.25 MEUA

3.
b)Subséquent developments andprésent position
Since ,theprevious communication oftheCommission ,inflation
hasincreased dramatically intheCommunity asawhole ,andthe
effective rate experienced bytheJETProject for1979 ,as
confirmed bytheJETExecutive Committee andtheJETCouncil ,
was 15.2% .Such rates ofinflation constitute aspecially severe
problem foraproject such asJET ,with well-defined objectives
inwhich capital costs form alarge proportion ofthetotal .In
contrast toabroad research programme ,inthecase oftheJET
Project ,inflation affects itscosts directly andinescapably ,
andthere isessentially noscope forcounteraction byrationa -
lisation orconcentration oftheprogramme .Accordingly theJET
Council wasobliged toupdate theProject Cost Estimates forthe
effects ofinflation during theyears 1979 and 1980 .For theyear
1980 ,anestimate ^rate of15.2% hasbeen taken .This figure has
been accepted bytheJETExecutive Committee and theJETCouncil
asasimple extrapolation ofthetrend in1979 ,while recognizing
that ontheevidence ofthetrend inthefirst half of1980 ,it
isprobably anunder-estimate .IftheProgramme Decision of13
March 1980 istaken asabasis ,and thefigures for theyears
\1980-83 areuplifted using theabove inflation rates ,therevised
total attheprice level ofJanuary 1981 would be246MEUA .However ,
atitsmeeting on17/18June 1980 ,theJETCouncil agreed that the
inflation calculation should bebased ontheoriginal Project Cost
Estimate of184.6 MEUA atJanuary 1977 price levels ,since the
assumptions underlying theprevious Programme Decision arenolonger
valid .Inparticular ,(asdiscussed inthefollowing section ),the
provisions forcontingencies within theoriginal Project Cost
Estimates arenowalmost exhausted ,and therounding-down process
previously applied cannolonger "bejustified byreference tothe
contingencies .Furthermore arecalculation oftheequivalent of
201.25 MEUA attheprice level ofJanuary 1977 nowgives afigure
ofonly 170MEUA andtheJETCouncil didnotbelieve that the
Council intended toreduce theoriginal cost estimates agreed in
theCouncil decision of30May 1978 .Consequently ,atitsmeeting
on17/18June 1980 ,theJETCouncil confirmed that according to
thelatest information ontheeffects ofinflation ,thefigure of
184.6 MEUA atJanuary 1977 price levels corresponds to253MEUA
atJanuary 1981 price levels .
./.

4.
3.2Provisions forcontingencies
Themagnitude ,complexity andnovelty oftheJETProject make it
necessary forcost estimates toinclude aprovision forunforeseen
expenditure onindividual items .Within theoriginal Project Cost
Estimates of1'84.6 MEUA ,this provision wasgenerally atthelevel of
20% ,giving atotal contingency figure of17.2 MEUA onitems ofcapital
expenditure .This figure was intended tocover unforeseen increases
incost due totechnical errors andomissions intheoriginal estimates , ,
i
andwasnotintended tocover theeffects ofinflation .Following a
closer specification ofcertain components oftheJETdevice and its
buildings andancillary equipment ,anumber ofsuch cost increases have
been identified .The JET Executive Committee has examined and confirmed
theneed forthese increases ;asaresult ,only 4.4MEUA atJanuary
.1977 prices remain unutilised .This sumcorresponds toless than 8%
oftheuncommitted capital investments .Atitsm&eting on17/18June
1980 ,theJETCouncil approved there-instatement oftheprovision for
contingencies atthelevel of20%oftheuncommitted capital investments .
This requires theaddition of6.8MEUA atJanuary 1977 price levels ,
which corresponds to10.1 MEUA atJanuary 1981 price levels .
3.3 Summary ofposition oninflation andprovision forcontingencies
.Asaresult oftheconsiderations given inparagraphs 3.1and3.2 ,the
overall Project Cost Estimate ,expressed attheprice level ofJanuary \
1977 ,istobeincreased from 184.6-MEUA to191.4 MEUA .Thecorresponding
figure attheprice level ofJanuary 1981 is263.1 MEUA .Taking into
account expenditure already incurred ,andbudgets already adopted ,the
foreseen timetable forcommitments andpayments ,attheprice level of
«
January 1977 ,cannowbeexpressed ,inMEUA as :.
Year 1977 /79 1980 1981 1982 1983 (part )Total
Commitments 74.328 47.76 47.1 16.7 '5.512 191.4
Payments ,43.66 43.03 41.25 47.65 15.81 191.4
3.4 Diagnostic equipment
Early In1980 ,theDirector oftheProject identified alist ofitems
! ■
ofdiagnostic equipment which heregarded asessential morder to
operate JETsafely andtoobtain meaningful scientific results .The
total estimate forthedesign ,procurement andinstallation ofthis

equipment is19.0MEUA atJanuary 1977 .prices (28.2MEUA atJanuary
1981 prices ).Intheoriginal Project Cost Estimates only 4.7MEUA
wasforeseen forthis purpose .Thereasons forthis discrepancy are :
a)The4.7MEUA wasintended tocover only capital costs ,whereas
the19MEUA also covers planning ,detailed design andspecification
preparation .
b)Theoriginal Cost Estimates were prepared' onthebasis ofexperience
with diagnostic equipment onmuch smaller devices than JET .
Differences duetothesize ofJET ,andtheneed forradiation
protection were notsufficiently taken into account .
c)Thecurrent diagnostic system issignificantly more complex and
advanced than that planned five years ago .
TheDirector oftheProject proposed totheJETCouncil that the
provision fordiagnostic equipment beincreased by19.4 MEUA atJanuary
1981 price levels .Atitsmeeting on17/18June 1980 theJETCouncil
referred theproposal back forthefollowing reasons :
a)Toasignificant extent thepreparation ofdiagnostic equipment
isatask oftheAssociated laboratories ,which alone possess the
knowhow todevelop this complicated equipment .Under thecontracts
ofAssociation they areexpected toaccept part ofthecosts .The
extent towhich they participate canonly bedetermined when the
newContracts ofAssociation have been negotiated within theframe­
work ofthe 1979/83Fusion Programme .
b)Although theJETScientific Council and theJETExecutive Committee
have agreed that thediagnostic equipment listed bytheProject
management isnecessary ,further scientific workshops during the
coming months will define priorities inthis area more closely .
Intaking this decision ,theJETCouncil recognised that theProject -
Cost Estimate of263.1 MEUA contained provision which permitted this
work tobestarted ,andsufficient flexibility fortheProject tomake
adjustments toallow ittocontinue until therevision ofthePluriannual
Programme .
Itremains certain however' that theJETProject will require further
provision fordiagnostic equipment .Depending ontheextent ofAssociation
participation inthecosts ,theadditional figure islikely tobein
theregion of16-20 MEUA atJanuary 1981 price levels .

\
3.5 Staff requirements
At 1July 1980 ,theProject team consisted of200staff inpost ,of
which 103were Euratom employees .Afurther 14team posts were the
subject ofoffers toselected applicants and afurther 6Euratom posts
were tobethesubject ofoffers assoon aspermitted bytherelease
ofthe 1980 Community Budget .Inaddition ,approximately 80staff were
working forJETunder industrial contracts ,because theAssociations
hadbeen unable ^toprovide staff with thespecific skills required .
Thenumber ofEuratom posts issubject toaceiling of150setbythe
Council decision (excluding Euratom staff coming from theFusion
programme )andtheJETCouncil hashitherto adopted anoverall figure
of320team posts asaceiling forplanning purposes .TheDirector
oftheProject proposed that this ceiling should beraised to400 ,and
that anadditional provision of8.1MEUA atJanuary 1981 price levels
*
should beincluded intheestimate forpersonnel costs .TheJET
Council decided todefer adecision onthis proposal butstated that
itwasprepared toconsider some increase inthenon-Euratom posts
within the 1981 Budget ,provided that thefinancial volume of263.1
MEUA was not exceeded .
3.6 Extended performance ofJET
Thefigure of263.1 MEUA atJanuary 1981 prices covers thecost ofthe
construction ofJETinitsbasic performance ,andexcludes anyprovision
for theenhancements required toachieve itsextended performance .
Apreliminary estimate ofthecost ofthese enhancements waspresented
bytheDirector oftheProject totheJETCouncil inFebruary 1979 .
This estimate ,updated toJanuary 1981 prices isequivalent to82.3
MEUA .TheJETScientific Council will examine thequestion ofthe
extended performance ofJET intheAutumn of1980 ,and theDirector
oftheProject will subsequently present amore detailed estimate to
theJET Council .
3.7 Operational phase ofJET
Thefigure of263.1 MEUA atJanuary 1981 prices does notcontain any
provision forthecost oftheoperational phase ofJET .Intherecords
oftheCouncil session on30May 1978 atwhich thedecision onthe
establishment oftheJETJoint Undertaking wastaken ,itissaid that
theannual cost oftheoperational phase wasexpected toapproximate
totheannual cost incurred during theconstruction phase .Norevised
estimate is "yetavailable .

7.
3.8 Summary ofdecisions oftheJETCouncil
a)Additional funds (allfigures MEUA atJanuary 1981 price levels )
Item Proposed bythe Approved by
Director oftheProject JETCouncil
Inflation upto
January 1981 51.75 51.75
Contingency 10.1 . 10.1
Diagnostics 19.4
Staff 8.1
Extended performance - -
Operational phase
89.35 61.85
b)Additional Euratom posts 10 0
4.PROPOSALS OFTHE COMMISSION
4.1Inflation andContingencies
Inagreement with thedecisions oftheJETCouncil ,theCommission pro­
poses that theparticipation oftheCommunity inthefinancing ofthe
JETProject should beincreased from 145MEUA asauthorised bythe
decision oftheCouncil on13March 1980 ,to195MEUA tocover the
effects ofinflation uptoJanuary 1981 andthereinstatement ofprovisions
forcontingencies .TheCommunity participation of195MEUA iscalculated
asfollows :
MEUA
Total cost ofconstruction phase 263il
Deduction inrespect of1978 20.0 '
Cost ofconstruction phase 1979 /83 243.1
Community participation at80% 194.48
rounded upto ■_ 195.0
Adecision proposal tochange theCouncil decision of13March 1980
isgiven insection II.
This decision isneeded urgently ,because theceiling setbythecurrent
Programme Decision does notpermit theincorporation ofsufficient
commitments into theJET 1981 Budget toallow completion ofthedevice
asforeseen inthe timetable .
./.

8.
TheCommission proposes that inapplying paragraph B(iii)ofthe
records oftheCouncil session on30May 1978 ,theCouncil takes note
oftherevised timetable forcommitments andpayments atprice level
January 1977 shown inparagraph 3.3ofthepresent communication and
shows theapproval ofthat timetable intherecords .
4.2 Diagnostics ,extended performance ,operational phase andpersonnel
For thetime being theJETCouncil hasnotincluded anyadditional
provision forthese items intheProject Cost Estimates .TheJETOrgans
andtheir supporting andadvising bodies will continue discussions on
these subjects ,andtheCommission will press forthese discussions to
beconcluded intime forproposals tobeincorporated into theRevision
oftheProgramme which istobesubmitted totheCouncil by 1July 1981
atthelatest .Indetermining theneed forEuratom posts ,itwill be
necessary totake into account theCommunity character oftheProject .
\
The statement entered inthe records ofthe Council session on13March
1980^,authorizing theadvanced useofupto10MEUAontheextended
performance ofJET ,remains valid .
I ■ .
5. IMPACT ONTHE 1981 BUDGET OFTHE COMMUNITY !
Both theCommitments andPayments provisions within theCommunity Budget
inrespect ofJETarecalculated onthebasis ofthePayment provisions
foreseen intheJETBudget ,taking into account theCommunity participation
at80% .TheJETCouncil adopted apreliminary draft JETBudget including
payment provisions of62.0 MEUA ,andtheCommission correspondingly
included aprovision of49.6 MEUA inthepreliminary draft Budget of
theCommunity .TheDirector oftheProject hasconfirmed that hewill
notseek anyincrease tothis figure asaresult oftheincrease inthe
overall Cost Estimate nowbeing proposed .
6. INFLATION BEYOND JANUARY 1981
Thefigure of263.1 MEUA isatJanuary 1981 price levels ,andmakes no
provision forinflation beyond that date .Theannual inflation rate
which should beassumed forfuture years isstill unknown .Ifinflation
continues atasignificant rate ,itwill benecessary fortheCommission
tomake afurther proposal toParliament andCouncil onthis point .
(7)Doc .5426 /80ATO32-lastparagraph ofpoint 5

II.PROPOSAI ,
for a
COUNCIL DECISION
of
amending Decision 80/318Euratom of13March 1980 adopting aresearch
andtraining programme (1979 to1983 )fortheEuropean Atomic Energy
Community inthefield ofcontrolled thermonuclear fusion .
THECOUNCIL OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
HAVING REGARD totheTreaty establishing theEuropean Atomic Energy
Community ,and inparticular toArticle 7thereof ,
HAVING REGARD totheproposal from theCommission ,submitted after con­
sultation with theScientific andTechnical Committee ,
HAVING REGARD totheopinion oftheEuropean Parliament ^,
(2)HAVING REGARD totheopinion oftheEconomic andSocial Committee ,
(3}WHEREAS bydecision 78/471Euratom theCouncil hasestablished the
"Joint European Torus (JET),Joint Undertaking ",
WHEREAS under Article 9ofitsStatutes ,80%oftheexpenditure ofthe
Joint Undertaking shall beborne byEuratom ,
WHEREAS theCommission must notify totheJoint Undertaking anappropriation
relating totheCommission 'sfinancial contribution totheJoint Undertaking
asshown inthefinally adopted budget oftheEuropean Communities ,
WHEREAS theCommission proposed totheCouncil aresearch andtraining
,(4)programme (1979 /1983 )inthefield ofcontrolled thermonuclear fusion ,
(1)OJNr.C
(2)OJNr.C
(3)OJNr.L151 ,7.6 .1978 ,p.10
(4)COM(79 )160final

WHEREAS inthesecond paragraph ofArticle 2ofthat proposal theglobal
needs fortheconstruction phase ofJETduring theprogramme period were
estimated at145million European units ofaccount ,
WHEREAS initsdecision 80/318Euratom^theCouncil adopted aresearch
andtraining programme (1979 to1983 )inthefield ofthermonuclear fusion
andfixed theupper limit ofexpenditure commitments forJETat145million
European units ofaccount , .'
WHEREAS themost recent examination hasshown that because ofchanges in
economic conditions ,theestimated figure would notbesufficient ,
HAS DECIDED ASFOLLOWS :
Sole Article
Paragraph 2ofArticle 2ofDecision 80/318Euratom isreplaced by
thefollowing paragraph : N
I
"Theglobal needs fortheconstruction phase ofJETmits
basic performance during theprogramme period areestimated
at195million European units ofaccount including aminimum
of86.40 million European units ofaccount from theamounts
referred tointhesecond paragraph ofArticle 4,and 150
temporary servants within themeaning ofArticle 2a)of
theconditions ofemployment ofother servants ofthe
European Communities .These figures areofanindicative
nature only ."
(5)OJNr.L72,18.3.1980 ,p.18.

π.
IntheAnnextoDecision80/318/Euratomthefirstsentenceofparagraph6
isreplacedbythefollowingsentence:
"TheglobalneedsfortheconstructionphaseofJETinits
basicperformanceduringtheprogrammeperiodareestimated
at195millionEuropeanunitsofaccountand150temporary -
servants."
DoneatBrussels,
FortheCouncil
ThePresident

FINANCIAL RECORD SHEET
1.RELEVANT BUDGET HEADING CODE :3351
2.TITLE OFBUDGET HEADING :JETProject . -
•• '
/
3.LEGAL BASIS :Article 7oftheEAEC Treaty ,
Council Decision 78/470/Euratom of30May 1978
(O.J. L151of7June 1978 ,page 8)Council Decision
80/318Euratom of13March 1980 (O.J. L72of
18.3.1980 ,page 18)andCouncil Decision expected
before 1981. -
4.DESCRIPTION ,OBJECTIVES ANDJUSTIFICATION OFTHEPROJECT v:
There have been nochanges tothescientific and technical program­
meoftheproject since thelast programme decision oftheCouncil
on13March 1980 .
4.1 Description
Construction ,operation andexploitation ,aspart oftheCommunity
fusion programme and for thebenefit oftheparticipants therein ,
ofalarge torus facility oftheTokamak type and itsauxiliary
facilities (Joint European Torus -JET)inorder toextend thepa­
rameter range applicable tocontrolled thermonuclear fusion expe­
riments uptoconditions close tothose needed inathermonuclear
reactor .
4.2 Objectives
Toobtain and study aplasma inconditions anddimensions approaching
those needed inathermonuclear reactor .Four main areas ofwork are
required toachieve this aim :
(i) thescaling ofplasma behaviour asparameters approach the ,
reactor range
(ii) theplasma-wall interaction inthese conditions ;
(iii ) thestudy ofplasma heating ; . ' i
(iv) thestudy ofd^-particle production andconfinement and
consequent resultant plasma heating .

2.
Justification
Execution oftheJETProject isanessential stage inthedevelopment
oftheCommunity 'sfusion programme .
OVERALL FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OFTHEPROJECT FORTHEWHOLE OFITS
EXPECTED DURATION (EUA)
Because ofchanges intheeconomic conditions during theyears 1979
and1980 thecost estimates oftheproject increased from MEUA 201.25
atJanuary 1979 prices toMEUA 263.1 atJanuary 1981 prices .
Implications inrespect ofexpenditure (period 1976-83 )
5.1.1 Costs incurred by :
Thebudget oftheEuropean Communities (80%) .211000000EUA
National administrations andother sectors at
national level (20% ) 52100000EUA
Total cost : 263 100 000 EUA
This cost hasbeen estimated atJanuary 1981 prices .
Multiannual timetable oftheCommunity participation of
211MEUA
i '
jYears
lfl976to79 j1980_______ – H
1981■•MMMl■■ II■
1982
j■■■MM ■ «
1983
jTotal
Commitments
(MEUA )
i71.22 42.46 22.20 50.76pcft-r
24.46 21 1.00
I – –– ––––––
Payments
,(MEUA )41.60 44.58 49.60 50.76 .24.46 211.00 i
5.2 -Method ofcalculation
Thecost oftheJETProject inthecostruction phase hasbeen
estimated at263.1 MEUA atJanuary 1981 prices .Inaccordance with
article 9.1 oftheJET Statutes theCommunity bears 80% of ,the
expenditure oftheJETJoint Undertaking .Thus appropriations
required tocover theCommunity 'sparticipation are80%of
263.1 =211MEUA .Anamount of16MEUA was spent before 1979 .
Theamount tobecovered inthefusion programme 1979 to1983
istherefore 211 -16=195MEUA . ,
The amount of263.1 MEUA does nor take into account :
(a)Variations ineconomic conditions after 1980 .
(b)Thecost ofthenecessary capital investment forextended
performance .

3
(c^Thecost ofoperating thefacility during 1983 and the
subsequent years .
5»3Implications 111respect ofrevenue
/
Community taxes onthesalaries oftemporary staff .
6.PROJECT FINANCES FROM : '
Appropriations entered inthebudgets oftheEuropean Communities
for 1976 ,1977 ,1978 ,1979 and 1980 .
Appropriations tobeentered infuture budgets .
7.. TYPE 0FCONTROL TOBEAPPLIED
(a)Scientifiec control :JETCoulcil
(b)Administrative and
Finanacial Control :JET Council -
Court ofAuditors .