COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS

1.Introduction

Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has brought new and unexpected challenges for the European Union and for the whole world. While our societies are still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian invasion has brought war and destruction, heightened geopolitical instability and disruption to the world economy.

The EU continues to stand in solidarity with Ukraine and its people. Since 2014, the EU and its Member States have contributed over €1 billion in humanitarian and early recovery aid to the country. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine, this support has been scaled up, totalling over €4 billion for Ukraine’s economic, social and financial resilience in the form of macro-financial assistance, budget support, emergency assistance, crisis response and humanitarian aid. The EU also mobilised additional €2 billion in military assistance under the European Peace Facility. Moreover, the EU has reacted swiftly and decisively to Russia’s invasion by adopting sanctions that will have massive and severe consequences for Russia.

Since 24 February, the EU has received a sudden inflow of people fleeing the Russian aggression. To date more than 6.2 million Ukrainian nationals arrived in the Union. Although some have begun returning to Ukraine and entry flows are slowly stabilising, the numbers are still significant and climbing. The impacts of the inflow vary across Member States. Some Member States and regions have received a very high share of arrivals, with those granted temporary protection already exceeding 1% of the national population in eight Member States and surpassing 3% in Poland and Czechia.

The efforts to welcome and swiftly facilitate the integration of displaced persons during their stay in the EU are unprecedented. The initiatives of Member States have been multiplied by local authorities and civil society, which continue to be at the front line of the efforts to address humanitarian needs, including shelter, clothing, hygiene items, as well as psychological support.

The EU has provided support through unprecedented measures and funding addressing the needs of displaced persons. The EU activated the Temporary Protection Directive for the first time ever, granting immediate and collective temporary protection to people fleeing the Russian aggression. The temporary protection status provides access to health care, to education and to the labour market, and around half a million children from Ukraine are now benefitting from schooling in refugee-hosting countries.

Union support under the European Civil Protection Mechanism (RescEU) has also been immediately mobilised, together with Home Affairs Funds still available under the 2014-2020 period. In addition, following the “Stand Up for Ukraine” pledging event, €400 million is being mobilised from the Home Affairs Funds as Emergency Assistance to the most affected Member States. Part of these funds will target local and regional authorities as well as civil society organisations to acknowledge the crucial role they are playing in providing first reception to displaced persons from Ukraine.

Given the urgency to address the situation, several proposals were adopted to increase flexibility in cohesion funding to support Member States. The Cohesion's Action for Refugees in Europe (CARE) successive packages are helping Member States to provide emergency support and access to services such as temporary accommodation, food and water supplies or medical care.

CARE has enabled in particular the flexible use of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the European Social Fund (ESF) under 2014-2020 cohesion programmes for projects addressing these migratory challenges, applying retroactive eligibility as from the date of the invasion, in order to enable all actions that had been taken immediately to cover the related needs of refugees to be supported by the EU.

Moreover, a tailor-made unit cost was introduced to reduce the administrative burden for beneficiaries and Member State administrations in the context of addressing these challenges.

Furthermore, the possibility to receive a full reimbursement of expenditure declared to the Commission was extended until 30 June 2022 and pre-financing from REACT-EU resources was substantially increased, amounting to an extra €3.5 billion in advance payments to alleviate the burden on Member States’ public finances.

Member States may already use this funding to develop tailor-made solutions for the long-term integration of third country nationals through investments in housing, education, employment, health, social inclusion and care, or other social services. It is nonetheless crucial that they proceed quickly with programme adjustments to ensure the financing flows where it is most needed.

Despite all the efforts made, needs continue to grow. Numerous stakeholders from civil society, local and regional authorities and Member States have addressed the Commission and raised specific difficulties that have been encountered in helping persons fleeing the Russian aggression. Their concerns have been echoed by the European Parliament and by the European Council, which has invited the Commission, at its special meeting on 30-31 May, to “present new initiatives to support this effort within the Multiannual Financial Framework”.

Building on previous efforts, the Commission adopted today an additional set of measures to further increase the flexibility of the cohesion policy to address the consequences of the war, and provide liquidity amounting to €3.5 billion. These FAST-CARE measures will help ensure that Member States get easier and faster access to funding to address the needs of people fleeing the war in Ukraine, while continuing to support the recovery of Europe’s regions.

2.Additional flexible assistance within cohesion policy to address the consequences of the war

The Russian war of aggression against Ukraine has led to an unprecedented influx of displaced persons, exacerbated hikes in commodity prices, including for energy and food, and caused renewed supply chain bottlenecks. Addressing these challenges comes on top of the unparalleled support provided to tackle the pandemic and strengthen the recovery and further burdens Members States’ public finances. As a result, deficit and debt levels have increased and are expected to remain above pre-pandemic levels in most Member States in the coming years. In this context, the Commission is proposing a comprehensive set of measures under cohesion policy, complementing the initiatives taken so far. The Flexible Assistance to Territories (FAST - CARE) will complement the CARE measures and rests on two pillars: legislative proposals, on the one hand, providing additional flexibility under cohesion policy and additional pre-financing and, on the other, complementary, non-legislative measures to optimise the effective use of the funds and to address the emerging needs. The proposed legislative measures include:

-Additional pre-financing, amounting for €3.5 billion, to be paid in 2022 and 2023 which will provide rapid additional liquidity to all Member States.