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DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEEDES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(74)10
Vol.1974/0001

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(74)10 final
Brussels ,1February 1974
Communication fromtheCommission totheCouncil
ontheimplementation ofthe
"Guidelines andpriority measuresforaCommunity
energypolicy*
COM(74)10final

XVII/383/73-E
Communication fromtheCommission totheCouncil .
onthsimplementation ofthe
"Guidelines andpriority measures foraCommunity
energypolicy"
Promotion oftheuseofnuclearenergy.
Atitsmeeting on22ITay1973theCouncilofMinisters expressed
theviewthatthe"Guidlines andpriority /-measures foraCommunity energy
policasproposed bytheCommission would,inthemain,serveasanap­
propriate basisfordiscussion onCommunity measures toensurethesecurity ,
ofenergysupplies intheCommunity .
Onthisoccasion theCommission gaveanundertaking topresentto
theCouncil,onthe"basisofitsdeliberations andbytheendof1973,pro-
porialsfortheimplementation oftheCommunity energypolicy.Thismei.ioran-
dur>,vrhichformsapartoftheproposals ,concerns theplanofactionan­
nouncedbytheCommission withaviewtospeeding uptotheutmostthede-■
velopment oftheuseofnuclearenergy.

XVI1/383/73-E
-1-
I.riJTROEUCT IOIT
Thetrend ,oftheinternational oilmarket,currently inthethroes
ofanacutecrisistheconsequences ofwhichcannotyetbepredicted ,rein­
forcestheneedfortheCommunity todevelopandutilizetothefullthose
sourcesofenergycapableofreducingitsdependence intheenergysector.
Byvirtueoftheelectricity itcanprovide,nuclearenergyisina
positiontomakeanimportant contribution totheCormunity'senergyrequirements .
Nuclearenergyholdsouttheprospectofproviding ,asfrom1380,allthene-
cesraryincreases intheelectricity production whilstlimiting ,and3ubse-
quentlyreducing ,theroleplayed ,bypetroleum productsinsuchproduction .
Thepotential importance ofnuclearenergywillbecomeallthe
greateraselectricity accountsforanincreasing shareofend-urjes .According­
ly,stepsnrustbetakenatoncetopromotetheuseofnuclearenergybyen­
suringthat,_iotcr.cludinj the:'?6v'iblau"c'ofcoal-*' :thecloctrir ;pnt.'or 'tc.ti;;ncj
•ifl:\r.rrccp.pr.cit -".tchoninto:arviccfro:-l^SOrrorru£lc~r «'„
Theeffortsneededtoattainthisobjective mustbedirected not
onlytowardsspeeding uptheprogramme forprovision ofequipment butalso
towardsreinforcing exisiting safeguards fortheprotection ofthepublicagainst
radiological hazardinherentintheuseofnuclearenergy.Inordertocomplete
andsupportthesubstantiel effortsthatwillberequired onthepartofthe
MemberStatesandtheindustrial circlesconcerned ,theCommission ,forits
part,proposeaplanofactioncoveringtheyears1974and1975thatincludes
anyinitiative whichmay,atCommunity level,helptointensify thedevelop­
mentofthissourceofenergy.
Although severalofthemeasures envisaged couldbecontinued or
initiated bytheCommission withouttheneedforapriordecision bytheCoun-
sil,andalthoughotherwerethesubjectofearlierproposals orcommunica­
tions,orhaveevenobtainedtheCouncil'sapproval ,theCommission neverthe­
lessconsidersitnecessary thattheCouncilshouldapproveinitsentirety
theplanlaidbeforeit.Bythusshowingitswilltopromotejointlytheuse
ofnuclearenergy,theCouncilwouldgiveanaddedimpetustotheactiontaken
bytheMemberStatesandtheindustrial circles concerned .

-2-XVII/383/73-E
II.PMFOPACTION
Thecommission 'splanofactionforthepromotion ofnuclearenergy-
whichcomeswithinthescopeofitspermanent responsibilities aslaiddown
intheEuratomTreaty-isessentially acontribution tothecreation ofthe
conditions necessary forregularandharmonious growthoftheuseofnuclear
energy.
InitsplanofactiontheCommission laysparticular emphasis onthe
needforconcerted planning amongallthepartiesconcerned andtakesthe
viewthatsustained effortswillberequired inthefollowing fields!
1.theprotection ofpublic :healthandoftheenvironment ,.
2.theindustrial ,scientific andtechnological base,
3.fuelsupply.
Themeasures whichtheCommission proposes ,toinitiate oroontmue
inthesefields,inaccordance withtheprocedures specified andthetime-'
tableannexedhereto,makeuptheplanofactionwhich ,itispresenting to
theCouncilforitpapproval . ■ <■r
Attheendof19751whenitpublishes itsthirdnuclearillustrative
programme ,theCommission willreportonthedevelopment ,ofnuclearenergy !
intheCommunity andKillalsoputbeforetheCouncilanewcomprehensive
statement concerning thenextstepstobetakeninregardtothisplanof
action.
A.Protection ofpublichealthandoftheenvironment
Thefundamental condition forthedevelopment ofnuclearenergyin
theguarantee ofprotection againstthedangersinherent inthisformof
energy.
TheMemberStatesandtheCommission aresteadfastly workingto
bringaboutthecontinuous improvement oftheprecautions takentoprotect
manandhisenvironment fromanydamage,notablyofaradiological nature,
thatcouldresultfromtheuseofnuclearenergy,andalsotominimizethe
risksofsuchuse.

-3 -XVII/383/73-E
Themeasures set outbelow constitute anextension' of"this 'work and
have been formulated inresponse totheconcern expressed attheParis Summit
Conference of19-20 October ,1972 ,when theHeads ofState orGovernment
emphasized innouncertain terms theneed todirect the Commission 'sactivi­
ties more towards improving thequality oflife andtheimportance ,inthis
connection ,ofaCommunity policy onenvironmental protection -apolicy
which hassince been defined andwasadopted b"theCouncil onJuly 20,1973 «
TheCommission proposes toinitiate orcontinue thefollowing mea­
sures s
a)Itwill make aforward analysis ofthepotential radiological implications
ofthenuclear equipment proyrarmes over aperiod of25years .The commission
considers itnecessary that thepossible radiological effects ofnuclear ener­
gyshould beconstantly analysed onaCommunity scale ,bymeans ofappropriate
simulation technique which canbemodified andimproved over theyears .
Adequate advance preparation' isnecessary inorder toenable recommendations
tobemade ingood time with regard toallaspects oftheenvironment connec­
tedwith theprojects envisaged .Inthis respect ,corsideration ofgeogra­
phical distribution will become just asimportant asthose relating tothe
total volume' ofthenuclear programmes .TheCommission will keep theCouncil
informed oftheprogress ofitswork . . .
Time limit :endof1975 »
Inthis context ,theCommission will carry outasystematic survey toder-
termine the level ofradiation atcertain appropriate sites andthus draw
ur>a.reference tableinrespsct ofnatural radioactivity .Tothis end ,the
Commission will forward totheCouncil adetailed proposal that will ,take
account ofthework already carried out intheCommunity .
Time limits June 1974 .

/ XVI1/383/73-E
-4-
b)Parallel totheanalysis oftheradiological aspect ofthenuclear pro­
gramme ,theCommission iri.ll proceed with thework provided forintheaction
■programme ontheenvironment ,particular I7anregards thermal pollution from
nuclear power stations .The aims will beasfolloi-res
-todetermine theeffects oftheraial pollution inrivers ,intheseaand
intheatmosphere ,notably asafunction oftheconcentration ofcapacity ,
onagiven cite orinagiven area ,
–todefine thenecessary measures ,notably the joint working-out ofper­
missible levels .
Inview ofthefact that these problems arestill atanearly stage ofin­
vestigation ,theComnisnion does notfeel that itwill bepossible inthe
immediate future toforward adetailed and complete proposal foraregula­
tion onthis cubjeot .Itwill ,however ,inform theCouncil .ingood time re-;'
garding theprogress ofitswork .
Time lirait ;endof1974 «
c)Inaccordance with theprovisions oftheEuratom Treaty ,theCoismsasion
will forthwith rubrr.it for the Council 'sapproval asetofnew draft direc­
tives laying down basic standards fortheprotection ofthehealth ofwor­
kers andthegeneral public against thedangers arising from ionizing radia­
tions .Thereplacement oftheexisting directives isdictated bytheneed to
talce account ofnewknowledge andofthe latest international recommendations
onthe subject .
Tine limits imminent .
d)Within theframework ofthecommon transport policy andinaccordance
with theCouncil 'srequest of15Kay 1973 relating tothetransport of
dangerous materials byroad ,theCommission 1will undertake thestudy ofways
ofharmonizing atCommunity level ,theprovisions governing thetransport of
radioactive materials .Itwill "payparticular heed totherecommendations
oftheInternational Atomic Energy Agency .
Time limit :June 1975

-4"bis
c)Withinthefranework ofthe"ActionProgramme oftheEuropean Communities
fortheEnvironment ",adoptedbytheCouncilonthe20Jul;/1973»theCommis­
sionhasembarked onmeasuresrelating tothesupervision andstorageof
radioactive vraste,including ?
-theanalysis ofthequantitative problems 6fstorage,
-definition ofthetankstobecontinued orundertaken inthefieldofsoli­
dification techniques forhigh-activitvvraste,
-comparison ofnational measuresrelating todemonstration storagesitesand
thestudyofothermethodsofstorageandtransport
-definition ofresponsibilities inrespectoftheproducts stored,
-thedrawing-up ofbroadguide-lines onthesupervision andstorageof
radioactive v?aste.
Inthelightoftheresultsobtained ,theCommission v:illpresenttothe
Councilproposals foractiontobetakenatCommunity level.
Timelimit;endofj.974

-5-XVII/3'33/7'3-E
f) theCommission willhaveastud}-madeoftheclosureofnuclear
installation sandtheparticular problems whichariseinconnection with
theirfinalwithdrawal fromservice .
Timelimitsendof1975•
g)Kithregardtothesafetyofnuclearinstallations ,theassessments of
technological problems andthesolutions adopteddifferfromoneKenber
statetoanother.
Thealignment ofviewswouldtendtopromotewithintheCommunity !
-theachievement ofanequivalent degreeofprotection forworkersand
thegeneralpublic,
-theremovaloftechnical obstacles tothesetting-up ofacommonmarket
innuclearequipment ,
-thespeeding-up oflicensing procedures .
Forthispurpose,inthecaseoflight-water reactors ,theCommission has
alreadvtakenstepstoachievesystematic coordination amongthevarious
quartersconcerned-safetyauthorities and/orrelatedtechnical andsuper­
visorybodies,power-plant operators ,industrial firmsandresearchunits-
inthefollowing fields!
-thelistingandgradualapproximation ofmethods,criteria ,codesand
standards ,
-theexchange ofinformation andthecoordination ofresearch programmes .
Inthelightoftheresultsobtained ,theComiaission willsendtheCounsil
acoriaunication onallsafetyproblemsinrespectofnuclearinstallations
andwillpresenttoitaproposal onactiontobecontinued orinitiated
atCommunity level.
TimelimitsJune1974*

XVII/303/73-E
h)Atthesame time ,theCommission will draw upfortheinformation of
industry' andthecompetent national bodies ,aninventory andcomparison
ofthelaws andadministrative procedures forapproving thesiting ,con­
struction andoperation ofnuclear installation ;:;.
Time limits endof1974 .
B.TheIndustria l,Scientif icandTechnological Br .se.
Implementation ofapolicy tospeed uptheuseofnuclear energy -
entails strengthening theindustrial base ,particularly byaction atthe
technological andmarketing levels .
Itisalso necessary toplan forthecore distant future byeffec­
tively developing advanced nuclear technology andprocesses v;hich will en­
able nuclear energy tobeused forpurposes other than theproduction of
electricity .
a)Forelectricit".' producers ,expected availability will nowbethede­
cisive factor inthechoice oftype ofpower station .Consequently nuclear
power station mutt achieve ahigh level ofavailability ,andthis means
that they must have reliable components andsystems ,andthat their design
must allow for ease ofmaintenance andrepairs .

-7-XVII/383/73-E
ThatiswhytheCommission considers itnecessary tocontinue the
workbeingdoneinthisfield,whichconsists mainlyintheexchange of
experience Letweenoperators ofnuclearpowerstations andthehandling of
specialproblems associated withnuclearpower-station technology andopera­
tion.Tothisend,itwillexaminethepossibility ofconcerted actionat
Community levelwithregardtostudiesontheperformance andmonitoring of,
components ,thereliability ofequipment andsystems,problems ofcodifica­
tionandtranscoding ofoperation dataandproblems associated withinspec­
tion,repairs,maintenance anddecontamination ofcomponents innuclear
powerstations .
■Timelimitscontinuous action.
b)Forconstructors ,continuity ofindustrial development andscopeforthe
advancement ofrivalundertakings aretheconditions fortheirinvolvement
inthisnector;theCommission pointed >outinitscommunication totheCoun­
cilon3May1973»relatingtotheprogramme foranindustrial andtechnologi­
calpolicy,thatitintendedtopresentproposals forthissectorconcerning
theheavyelectrical engineering andnuclearequipment industries .
c)Thestrengthening ofthebaseofthenuclearindustryislinkedwiththe
effective opening-upofthemarketinnucleargenerative equipment .Inthe
communication mentioned above,theCommission alsogavenoticeofitsin­
tentiontois^uedirectives basedonArticle 90oftheEECTreatywitha
viewtothegradualintroduction ofmeasures toensuretheliberalization of
thismarket.
Timelimit;endof1974»
d)Inthesamecommunication ,,theCommission likewise emphasizedtheneed
todrawupinstruments enabling theEuropean industrytofightitscompeti­
torsonequaltermsandreminded theCouncilthatthegrowthofexports
whichtendtostrengthen theindustrial poweroftheCommunity -depends
largelyontheexportguarantee andcreditprocedures ,theharmonization of
whichisfarfromcompletion.' Thismatterbeingofparticular importance for
thenuclearindustry ,theCommission requested theCounciltotakeadecision
beforetheendof1973ontheproposals submitted !depending ontheCounsil's

-8-XVI1/383/73-E
andthepatternofcompetition onforeignmarkets,theCommission willdraw
upadditional proposals .
e)TheCommission isoftheopinionthatanextraeffortshouldbemadein
regardtothecoverage ofrisksassociated withtheoperation ofnuclear
powerstations .Itrecommends thatMemberStateswhichhavenotyetdoneso
shouldratifytheParisandBrussels agreements withoutfurtherdelay.
f)ThemeasurestobetakenbjrtheCommission inthefieldofnucleartechni-
cruesandtechnology underdevelopment aredocribciintheSoioirfiific and
Technological PolicyProgramme .i-.r.io:*;C.i;.»i.aiiiicr.ti :>n-.flC;~(73)l250 tothe
nwv--.ilt;1r.tc;1"25Jul;1973),whichwastheub.jectofCounsilResolutions
of14and15January 1974*
Inthecaseofnuclearenergythesemeasures ,someofwhichareconnected
withsubjectsalreadymentioned ,concernsthefolllwings
controlled fusion
radioactive waste
themaldischarges
useofplutonium inthemalreactors
extraction of•uranium fromseawater
off-shore powerplants
safetyofinstallations
breeder reactors
useofthorium
industrial heat
hydrogen production .
TheCommission isalsotodrawupareportontheproblems andoutlookfor
eachnucleartechnique ortechnology thelong-termindustrial development of
whichislikelytomakeanappreciable contribution totheCommunity'sener­
gysupplies.Thesereportswillconcerninparticular theadvancedtypesof
reactorindustrial heat,shippropulsion andthermonuclear fusion.
Timelimitsendof1974»

-s-XVII/383/73-E
C.Supplies ofnuclear fuels
Difficult problems inthefields ofinvestment andinternational
relations arise inconnection with the supply offuel forCommunity nuclear .
reactors ,thetotal capacity andannual production ofwhich arenowexpected
toincrease rapidly jalmost doubling every five years .Investment decisions
arerendered difficult because oftheneed tomake avery long-ranging choice
and ,incertain respects ,torely onarapidly developing andchanging tech­
nology .Since theCommunity's' ownresources ofnatural uranium aresmall and
since ,atleast until themiddle ofthenext decade ,theCommunity will bea
netimporter ofuranium enrichment services ,itisnecessary formeasures to
beadopted which will ensure notonly thevolume butalso theregularity of
nuclear fuel supplies .
Inthefield ofenriched uranium ,theCommission hasalready sent
the Council aproposal onthecreation ofEuropean uranium enrichment facili­
ties .Uith regard tonatural ur?.nium ,proposals wi?.l beaddressed tothe
Council assoon asthey have been examined bytheConsultative Committee of
theSupply Agency .
Inaddition ,inorder that allcircles intheCommunity whoare
concerned with nuclear fuel supply problems mayhave thedata forassessing
the situation inthis field ,theCommission will publish asrmmgry report
ever >sixmonths .

-10-XVII/383/73-E
Ifeffortsaresteppedupandbroughttogether *nuclearenergyshould
beinaposition tomakeamaximumcontribution tothecoverage oftheCom­
munity'senergyrequirements underenvironmental protection conditions pro­
vidingthebestguarantees .
•TheCommission isreadytotakealladditional stepsinitspowerto
assisttheachievement ofthisobiect.

-1-XVII/383/73-E
DRAFT RESOLUTION
TheCouncil,
Havingbecomecognizant oftheCommission 'splanofactionforthepromotion
oftheuseofnuclearenergyj
Havingregardtothetaskassigned totheCommunity bytheEuratomTreaty *
Whereas moreover s
thesituation ofandprospects fortheCommunity'senergysuppliescallfor
themobilization ofalltheenergyresources towhichtheCommunity canob­
tainaccess I
nuclearenergyisinaposition toprovideeneffective contribution tothe
coverage ofenergyrequirements ,whilesatisfying thecriteria ofeconomy,
ecologyanddependability ofsupplies !
thescaleofthecontribution madebynuclearenergydependsprimarily onthe
development ofelectricity productior.andthescopeofnucleargenerating
equipment programmes |
Whereas,lastly,stepsshouldbetakenatCommunity levelwiththeprincipal
aimsofs
a)reinforcing theguarantees ofprotection ofthegeneralpublicagainst
therisksinherentintheuseofnuclearenergy,andwhereastothisend
actionshouldbecontinued andintensified concerningi

-2-XVII/383/73-E
1)Thepotentialradiological inpactoflong-termnuclearequipment programmes
inrelation tonaturalradioactivity level
2)Assesment ofthethermaleffectsconnectdwithsuchprogrammes
3)Adjustment oftheBasicStandards concerning healthprotection ,inthe
lightoftheprogress ofknowledge
4)Harmonization andimprovement oftherequirements governingthetransport
ofradioactive material
5)Management andstorageofradioactive waste
6)Analysisoftheproblemsraisedbythedecommissioning ofnuclearinstal­
lations
7)Reconciliation ofviewpoints onthesafetjofnuclearinstallations
/
8)Comparison ofthelawsgoverning nuclearinstallations
b)reinforcing theindustrial ,scientific andtechnological foundation ,and
whereastothisendactionshouldbecontinued andinten3ified withthe
aimsofs
9)JointconsulationatCommunity levelinordertoimprovethereliability
ofequipment andhencetheavailabilit /ofnuclearinstallations
10)Industrial development andpromotion ofcompetitive undertakings inthe
nuclearelectricity generating sector
11)Effectiveextensionoftheright'totenderforcontractsrelatingto
nucleargenerating equipment
1.•/*

-3-XVII/3S3/73-E
12)Development ofexportcreditandguarantee procedures fortheEuropean
nuclearindustry
13)Coverageoftherisksinherentintheoperation ofpowerplants
equipped withnuclearreactors
14)Development ofnewnucleartechniques andtechnology
c)reinforcing (securityofthenuclearfuelsupply,
Requests' theMemberStatestosupporttheCommission in.carrying outthe
projectsannounced initsplanofaction,inordertoplace-nuclearenergy :
■inapostiontomakeaslargeacontribution aspossibletothecoverageof
energyrequirements !
Recommends theIlenberStatesandtheindustrial interests concerned toin­
troducethenecessary measures toensurethatattheearliest possible date
allnewlargeelectricity-generating unitscanbeequipped withnuclear
.reactors?'
I
Approver ;thelinesadoptedbytheCommission initsplanofaction,requests
ittoputforwardproposals withinthespecified timelimit,andundertakes
to-actwithinsi::uontfhs.i -

XVII/383/73-E
TIMETABLE OPWORK
Reference
(page) June1974
December1975
JuneDecember
Aa
(3)Foreward analysis
Naturalradioactivity P-R
Ab
(4)Thermalpollution R Ρ
Ac
(4)Basicstandards D
forth­with
Ad
(4)Transport ofradioactive
materialsC
AeRadioactive xvaste
(4-bis)Ρ R
Af
(5)Closureofnuclearpowerplants R
AS
(5)ÏTuclearplantsafety Ρ
Ah
(6)Comparison ofnational lawsand
administrative procedures R
Ba
(*)Availability andreliability of
nuclearslantspermanent project
Bc
(7)Extension oftherighttotender
forpublicsupplycontracts . Ρ
Bf
8Technical andadvanced nuclear
technology problemsR
C
(9)Consolidated report six-monthly
reportR R
C=communication
D=directiveP«proposai
R=report