ARCHIVESHISTORIQUES
DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEEDES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(78)307
Vol.1978/0110

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(78)307final.
Brussels,30June1978
PROPOSAL FORA
COUNCILDECISION
reviewingthesecondmultiannual researchanddevelopment programme
fortheEuropeanEconomicCommunity
intheenvironmental field(indirectaction)
adoptedbyDecision76/311/EEC
(submittedtotheCouncil "bytheCommission)
C02.1(78)307final

TABLE OFCONTENTS
' Page .
I. Introduction 3
Ν - --
II.Implementation ofphase oneoftheprogramme 3
III .Proposed revision forphase twoof „ 6
programme
A.Programme content , 6
B.Total funding - 15 -
C.Implementation 16
List ofconcerted research actions 18
Annex i :Opinion oftheAdvisory Committee 20
Annex II Draft Council Decision .22

PROPOSAL FOR ACOUNCIL DECISION ONTHE REVISION OFTHE
""SECOND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PROGRAMME
.-(INDIRECT ACTION )-1976-1980
INTRODUCTION
TheSecond Environmental Research Programme (indirect action )was
decided bythe Council ofMinisters on15March 1976 (O.J.n° L74/36
of20.3.76 )for afive-year period (1976-80 )with aEECbudget of16
Mua .Itincludes four research areas :
1.Research aimed attheestablishment ofcriteria ,i.e. exposure -
effect relationships forpollutants with regard tohuman health
andtheenvironment ; '
2. -Research anddevelopment onenvironmental information management ,
-essentially onenvironmental chemicals (ECDIN project );
3. -Research anddevelopment onthereduction andprevention of
pollution andnuisances (including application of"clean "
technologies );
4.,Research anddevelopment concerning theprotection ofthe
natural environment .
Each one ofthese areas issubdivided into anumber oftopics and
subtopi cs. • ,
Article 4ofthe Council Decision provided for areview andpossible
revision oftheprogramme totake effect atthebeginning of1978 ,
inorder toadapt theprogramme todevelopments inresearch require­
ments andtotheneeds ofthenewAction Programme oftheEuropean
Communities onthe environment .
Accordingly ,theprogramme wassubdivided into twophases .The first '
phase wasimplemented with some delay duetothefact thatthe Council
Decision took' place only on15March 1976 andthat thevery large num-_____
,berofresearch proposals received afterwards required much timetobe
"examined .Consequently most research contracts ,which were limited to
~amaximum duration ^oftwoyears ,didnotstart until early .1977 .committing
funds until theendof1978 .Therevision oftheprogramme ,,therefore ,
cannot heimplprnentpri effectively b^fnre Jrnuary 1979 . ;
IMPLEMENTATION OFPHASE ONE' -OFTHE "PROGRAMME
Acall fortenders waspublished -intheOfficial Journal ofthe
European Communities ,on3April 1976 ,setting thedeadline of30
June 1976 forthesubmission ofproposals .Atotal of732~proposals
were received ofwhich 145were from the Federal Republic ofGermany ,235
from France ,60from Italy ,..78from theNetherlands ,47from Belgium ,
1from Luxemburg ,127from theUnited Kingdom ,16from Ireland and
23from Denmark . '

>A-
Thefundssollicitedintheproposals,adjustedforthedurationofphase
one,totalled106,769,048 u.a.whereasonly7,425,000u.a.wereavailable
forcost-sharing contracts .
Anarduoustaskofselection hadtobefulfilled,whichtook6
monthsand6meetingsoftheAdvisoryCommitteeonProgramme
ManagementforEnvironmental Research (ACPM).Asaresult,manysound
proposals hadtoberejectedorreducedconsiderably becauseof :
fundinglimitations .
Eventually 202projectswerefinancedforatotalof7,463,920u.a.
Followingtherecommendation oftheACPIVabout 80%oftotalfunding
hasbeenallocatedtoresearchareas1and2.Fundingbreakdown
pertopic,upto31December1978,isasfollows:*
RESEARCH AREA1(Exposure-effect relationships )
Topic11(HeavyMetals) ._ 1,374,000
Topic12(Organicmicropollutants)and
14(Newchemicals )combined . ~1,071,269
Topic13(AsbestosandFibers) 177,051
Topic15CAirQuality) 863,200 '
Topic16(WaterQuality) 963,300
Topic17(WasteHeat) - 159,000 ,
Topic18(MarinePollution,including 663,236
EURASEP)
Topic19(Noise) 511,000
.5,782,056
RESEARCH AREA2(ECDIN)•. 376,720
RESEARCHAREA3-(Pollutionabatement) .374,000
RESEARCHAREA4(Protectionofthenatural '916,544
environment,including ozone
depletion ) >
Additionalcontribution tocontracts1stProgr.14,600
Total 7,463,920
Criteriafortheselectionofproposalswerethoserecognizedfor
thefirstprogramme,i.e.relevancetoresearchprogrammeandto
-environmental .policy,scientificquality,possibilityofcoordination
withotherprojectsintheindirectanddirectactions*,prospects
ofsuccess,andcost.Someprioritywasgrantedtothoseproposals
Thecurrentdirect-action programme(1977-80)carriedoutatthe
Ispraestablishment oftheJointResearchCentre,includesfour
mainprojects(air,water,chemicals,naturalresources).

-5-
whicha)-werethefollow-upofpromisingresearchundertakeninthefirst
programme,(e.g.screeningtestsforgeneticeffectsofchemicals)b)would
leadtocooperatiyeprojects involvingresearchorganizations inseveral
memberstates(e.g.waterqualityandhealth,EURASEP(EuropeanAssociation
ofScientistsforExperiments onPollution)projectonremotesensingof
coastalwaterquality,ozoneshielddepletion).
Anincreasedeffortisalsobeingmadetoenhancethecoordination of
Community-sponsored environmentaI-research(directandindirectactions)
andnationalresearchprogrammesinthesamefield.'Thevariouscontactgroups
setupduringthefirstprogrammehaverenewedtheiractivities andseveralnew
oneshavebeencreated.Anattemptwasmadetocoordinateallpublicly
funded ,researchinaspecializedfield,thatofozoneshielddepletion.A
seriesofresearchseminars(eachonetobeorganisedjointlywithamember'
stateagency)havebeenplannedonvarioustopics'ofcurrentinterestto
environmental policy*Theiraim-istoreviewworkonhandinthemember
statesandatCommunitylevel,definepresentandfutureresearchrequire­
mentsandpromotecoordinatedplanningofnationalandCommunityresearch
programmes . ,
ThefirstsuchresearchseminartookplaceinBerlin(West)on7thto
9thDecember1977.SponsoredbytheCommissionandtheUmweltbundesamtr its
mainpurpose,whichwasfulfilled,wastoreviewresearchneedsforthe
ecologicaltestingofchemicalsinrelationtothefutureimplementation
ofaCommunityDirectiveonthenotification ofnewchemicalstobe
marketed (O.J.'C260of5November1976).
Thesecondseminar,scheduledforJuly1978inGuildford,UK,andco-sponsored
bytheUKDepartmentoftheEnvironment andDepartmentofHealthandSocial
Security,willdealwiththehealtheffectsandpathwaystomanoftrace
metals.. ..'
Paralleltotheseactivities,theevaluationoftheresults*fromthefirst
Environmental ResearchProgramme (indirectaction)isprogressively being
carriedout.Forinstance,dataobtainedonleadtoxicityhavebeenreviewed
byanindependantexpertandtheirapplicability toCommunitydirectives
assessed**..
Thusitmaybestatedthatthelasttwoyearshaveseenabroaddevelopment
oftheendeavourinitiatedin1973tocoordinate environmental research
throughouttheCommunity,bymeansofjointfundingofprojects,concerted
researchactions,jointevaluationofresultsandplanningoffuturework,and
thatthiswasmadepossiblethroughtheincreasedinvolvement oftheACPM
membersinthisenterprise.
Eventhoughtheresultsoftheresearchundertakenduringthefirstphaseof
theactualprogrammeare,forobviousreasons,notyetfinal,ithasbeen
possibletoderivefromthemsomeindicationwithregardtopartsofthe
programmewhichshouldundergoamodification inthesecondphase.Further­
more,theprogressinimplementing theEuropeanCommunitypolicyonthe
environment suggeststheadditionoffewnewtopics.
*AvolumeoffinalreportsonresearchcarriedoutduringtheFirst
,EnvironmentaIResearchProgrammeisavailable.Doc.EUR5970,1978,
**Thereport"EvaluationofEEC-sponsored research.inviewofCommunity's~
Directives :biologicaleffectsofinorganiclead",waspreparedbyan
<expert,onthebasisofresultsofcontractresearchconcerning'onetopic
oftheFirstEnvironmental ResearchProgramme -(inpress).

-6-
III.PROPOSEDREVISION FORPHASETWOOFPROGRAMME
Inproposingarevisionforthesecondphaseoftheprogramme
thefollowingquestionsmaybeaddressed : •
-towhatextentshouldthecontentoftheprogrammebe
modifiedtotakeaccountofcurrentresearchrequirements ?
"isthetotalleveloffundingadequateorshould-itbe
increased?.r.• , .
-howshouldthesecondphasebeimplementedintermsof
projectdefinition,submissionofproposalsandselection
criteria ?
Thesepointsarediscussedhereafterundertiieheadings A*Programme
Content,B.TotalFunding,C.Implementation .
A.PROGRAMME CONTENT
Theprogrammeasawholeanditsgeneralmotivation ,asdescribed
inthecommunication fromtheCommissiontotheCouncil
(Doc.COM(75)353final)arestillconsideredasvalid:in
general,continuedsupportshouldbegiventoresearchinallthe_
topicsnowcoveredbycontracts.However,examinationofcurrent
trendsintheenvironmental field,atnationalandCommunity
level,hasledtheCommissionservices,afterconsultingthe
ACPMtoproposethat(a)greateremphasisbegiventocertain
'topicsforwhichresearchis.alreadyfunded;(b)severalnew
topicsbeintroduced ;(c)shifts.ofemphasisbeeffectedwithin
sometopics;(d)supportbesomewhatreducedforafewtopicsor
subtopics.
Specificproposalsaregiveninthefollowingreviewofthedetailed
programme,inwhichtopicsandsubtopicsaredescribedasin
Doc.COM(75)353final.
1.RESEARCH AREA1-Researchaimedattheestablishment ofcriteria
(exposure-effect relationships )forpollutants withregardtotheir
effectsonhealthandonthe,environment ..
1.1.'Heavymetals \
1.1.1.methodologyofmonitoringmetalcontamination,especiallyinthe
marineenvironment,
1.1.2.fateandtransformation intheenvironment,withemphasison
physico-chemical state,sediment-wster distribution andmodels,
ordescriptiveparameters,oftransportinwater •„
1.1.3.experimental researchondirectandindirecthealtheffects,with
emphasisonmetabolism,lateandchronicmanifestations and
synergisticeffects
1.1.4.applicationofscreeningtestsforlateandchroniceffectstoa
seriesofheavymetals,aloneandincombination
1.1.5'.ecologicaleffectsincontinental andmarineenvironments,
includingbase-linestudiesandmethodological aspects.

E£2earch_0£2entat ions_and_ob ij_ectives_for_1 '■/
Furtherresearchonhealtheffectsshouldincludethestudyof
pathwaystomanthroughfoodwaterandairlandonmetabolismof
metalswhicharegivenpriorityintheE.C.Action,Programmefor
theEnvironment (e.g;Pb,Cd,Hg,Cr,V,As).Theresultsofsuch
researchwillbeusedtoupdate,.ifalreadyexisting,or.prepare
:thosedocuments*,calledingeneralcriteriadocuments,whichare
necessaryasascientificbasisforDirectivesorforany ;
measuredecidedatCommunityleveltoprotectpublichealth.The
documentsdealwiththerelationships betweenexposure/doseand
healtheffectsofpollutants .
Researchonenvironmental effectsofmetalsprovidedatawhichwill
beused,inananalogousmanner,todraftecologicalcriteriadocument
£yndlD2_9£222§2i :becauseofarelativelylargasupportduringthe
firstphase,supportforsecondphasemightbeslightlyreduced.
1.2"...'Organicmicropollutantsand1.4.NewChemicals .
1.2.1.detectionandmeasurement inwater(tobecarriedoutasconcerted
action,.follow-upofCOSTProjectn°64b,seepages18-19)
1.2.2.fateoforgano-chlorine andorgano-fluorine(freons)compounds
intheenvironment (movedtotopic4.1.)
1.2.3.,experimental researchonmetabolism andeffectsinmammalian -...
'systemsinorderto.assessriskstohumanhealthderivedfrom
overaltexposuretomicropollutants (seealsopoint1.6.3.)'
1.2.4.ecologicat.effectsinterrestrial,freshwaterandmarineenviron-,
ments ._
1.2.5.development ofscreeningmethodology -toassesslateandchronic
effects(inparticularcarcinogenicity ,mutagenicity,teratogenicity ).
*1)Annex1toDirective77/312/EECof29March1977"Biological
screeningofthepopulationforlead"(O.J.L105,28April
1977)
2)ReportpreparedbyaWorkingGroupofexpertsfortheC.E.C.
"CriteriaforCadmium"(EUR-5967,PergamonPress1978)-
3)idemformercury(inpress)
4)DirectiveunderdiscussionbytheCouncilconcerningthe.air
qualitystandardforatmosphericlead(Q.J.C151of7July
1975). -. .-

-8-
χ »Researchorientations andobjectiyes_for_1.2.and_1.4."
_TheCommission hassubmittedtotheCouncilon21September 1976
aproposalfora6thamendmentoftheDirectiveof27June1967
ondangeroussubstances*.Thisamendment aimsatintroducing a
notification procedurefor"newchemicals"(thistermismeant
tocoveralsochemicalsalreadyonthemarket,iftheir
patternofuseorthequantities producedchangesignificantly ).
Producersorimporterswillhavetosubmitabasesetofdataon,among
otherthingsa)physico-chemical properties,b)toxiceffects,including
mutagenicity ,c)ecologicaleffectsandd)bioticandabioticdegra­
dabilityandbioaccumulation .
i ' %■
Itisexpectedthat,asafunctionoftoxicproperties and/or
quantityproduced,-thebasesetwillhavetobecomplemented formany •
chemicalsbyfurther,morecomprehensive testing(Vstufenplan").
Onthe.otherhand,adraftDirective onthecontrol,ofcertainindustrial
-activities atpresentinelaboration,willprobablyrequiresimilar
information onintermediary products,impurities andotherby­
productsformedduringthemanufacturing process.-
Fortheimplementation oftheseregulations,anappropriate methodologywill
havetobeestablished,inordertopermitindustrytocomplywith
theserequirements .Inviewoftheirimportanceintheregulatory process,
thesemethodshavetobecarefullyevaluated.
Consequently ,thecurrentresearchactivities ontheassessmentofthe
impactofsyntheticchemicalsonhealthandtheenvironment .will
beexpanded. Theresearchneedsinthefieldofphysico-chemical properties,degradabiIity,accumulation and
ecologicaleffectsofchemicalsidentifiedattheresearchseminar,
organisedbytheCommissionoftheEuropeanCommunities andtheUmwelt-
bundesamt,heldinBerlininDecember1977willbetakenaccountof
underpoint1.2.4.Underpoint1.2.5.theon-goingeffortonthedevelop­
mentofscreeningtestsforgeneticeffects(mutagentcity,carcinogentcity )-
willbeamplifiedandathoroughevaluationofthesetestswillbe
attempted. \ ■'
Dueconsideration willbegivenalsotoassessthefeasibility of
correlatingstructureandphysico-chemical propertiesof'chemicals
withtheireffectsandtheirbehaviourintheenvironment .,
Continuousattentionshouldalsobepaidtopathwaysoforganic
micropollutants toman,viafood,waterandair.
Fundinggrogosal:supportshouldbesubstantially increased.
•*O.J.C260/4of5November1976

-9-
1.3.Asbestos
1.3.1.improvement ofanalyticalmethods
1.3.2.epidemiological surveys
1.3.3.experimental researchoneffects
i
Researchorientationsandobjectivesfor1.3.
InresponsetoincreasingconcernaboutasbestosandotherFibres
inthegeneralandworkingenvironment ,researchinthisfieldmill
stressstudiesondetectionandquantitative determination /onpathways
toman,aswellasexperimental researchoneffectsandepidemiological
surveys.Itwillnotbelimitedtoasbestosbutconsiderother
inorganicfibresaswell,.
TheEuropeanParliamentinitsResolutionof16thDecember1977*
hasalsostronglyrecommendedfurtherresearchintodose/effect
relationships forasbestos.
Detailedresearchrequirements wi11bedeterminedwiththeaidof
expertsonthebasisoftheCommission'sreport"PublicHealth
RisksofExposuretoAsbestos"**.
£yD^IDa_EE2E2iii :Supportshouldbesubstantially increased -
1.4.,NewChemicals :see1.2.
1.5.Airquality - *
1.5.1.testingandapplication ofremotesensingmethodsforthemeasurements
ofairpollutants (executionofjointfieldcampaigns),
1.5.2.improvementofdispersionmodelsforairpollutantsinconnection •
withfieldcampaigns ~
Researchorientation sandobjectivesfor1.5.1._and1.5.2.
Instruments developed -duringthefirstprogrammeandthefirst
phaseofthe2ndprogrammehavebeentestedinjointfield
campaigns(1975,1976,1977)aroundmajorsourcesofairpollution.
Theseshouldberepeatedindifferentpollutionsituations,possibly
inconjunction withepidemiological surveysandwithConcerted
Action (see1.5.3.and1.5.4.),inordertoassesstheapplicability
ofthesetechniquesinmonitoringpollution.
*.O.J,C6/138of9.January1978
**Report-EUR5653e,PergamonPress,1977

-10-
Developments ofnewinstrumentation forremotesensingofairpollution
shouldbecontinously followedandassessedbythecontactgroup,.inclu­
dingtheJRCscientists workingon.thissubject.
£yi]ding_grogosal :Levelofsupportcouldbeslightlydecreased.-
1.5.3.physico-chemical conversionofatmospheric pollutants :tobe
carried-out asConcertedAction '(follow-upofCOSTproject
61a,seepages18-19)
1.5.4.epidemiological surveys
5£search_orientations_and_obj^ctives_for1.5.4.
Theresultsoftheepidemiological surveyontherelationship between
SO-andsuspendedparticulate matterandrespiratory diseasein
children,conducted ,intheframeworkofthe1stEnvironmental Research
Programme,couldbehette.rinterpretedifadditionalinformation on
healtheffectsofairpollutants wereavailable..Usefuladditional data
-coul«^beobtainedbymeans .ofanotherepidemiological surveyconducted
intwooramaximumofthreerepresentative studyareas.Theworking
';'programme,notnecessarily.thesameasthatofthefirstsurvey,might
requiremeasurements ofadditionalairpollutants .(e.g.NO),anenlarge­
mentofpopulation ,groups,i.e.inclusionofadultsandtheuseofmore
.thanonemet"hodtodetectlungfunction .impairment.
Thedataobtainedwouldhaveapplication inupdatingorformulating
Directives*onairquality.
1.5.5.experimental researchoneffectsofairpollutants inmammalian
systems:tobepursued:seealso1.1.3.and1.3.3.
1.5.6.fieldandexperimental researchoneffectsofairpollution on
.vegetationespecially oninvisible damage(growthreduction).
Additionalcontractsaswellas.acoordination ofon-going
researchinthememberstatescouldbeenvisagedtocomplement
thefewexistingcontractsinthisareaasweltasworkcarriedoutat
theJointResearchCentre.Emphasisshouldbeplacedon"epidemiological "
stLjdiesunderfieldconditions,iftheirfeasibility canbeascer­
tained.Anadhocexpertgroupwillbecalledtodeterminedetailed
researchneeds.Theobjectiveistoobtainsupplementary information
neededtosetupqualityobjectives inthisarea,especiallywith
regardtointeraction betweenairpollutantsintheireffectson
-plants. "
■Funding££2E°Sai:Moderateincreaseinsupport.
1.6.Waterquality
1.6.1.improvement ofcharacterization ofwaterqualityinrelationto
theimplementation ofthe1975CouncilDirective**concerningthe
qualityrequiredofsurfacewaterintendedfortheabstraction
ofdrinkingwaterinthememberstates. .-
*e.g.AResolution andaDirectiveunderdiscussionareconcerned
with1)thedetermination ofcriteriaand2)thehealthprotection
standardsforSO'.,andsuspendedparticulate -matterinurbanatmos­
phere(O.J.C63/76of19March1976)
**O.J.L.194of25July1975

-11
1-6.2.epidemiologi calsurveysonrelationsbetweenwaterqualityand
healthparameters v'
1.6.3.experimental researchonhealtheffectsandwatercharacteristics
1.6.4.microbiological pollution
1.6.5.assessmentofrisksresultingfromnewlyidentifiedpollutants
includingthoseresultingfromtreatmentforthepreparation
ofdrinkingwater
Information ontherelationship betweenthehealthstatusofselected
populationgroupsandtracesubstances (e.g.heavymetals,organic
micropollutants)inthedrinkingwatertheyconsumeisneeded
especiallyinviewofmeasurestobeadoptedatCommunitylevel
concerningthequalityofdrinkingwater.onthebasisofpresent
orfutureDirectives*.The5epidemiological surveys(1.6.2.)
initiatedin1977duringthefirstphaseofthepresentprogramme
probablywillbeextendedforanadditionalyear.-Workunderpoints
1.6.1.and.1.6.4;wi11.bepursued.Specialemphasisshouldbegiven
totheassessmentofrisksunderpoint1.6.3.and1.6.5.inrelation
topoint1.2.,inparticular1.2.1.ontheanalysisoforganic ,
micropollutantsinwater
£yQ^i02_E£2£2§2i -Level-ofsupporttobeapproximatly maintained.
1.7.Wasteheat(thermalpollution). v ...
Theadvisability ofcoordinating nationalresearchinthisarea
underaconcertedactionwillbeassessed. .
.£idQ£!iQS-EE2E2sai :thecurrenteffortmaybemaintained
1.8.Marinepollution ■,■
1.8.1.development ofmethodologyformonitoringseawaterqualityalong
thecoastsandintheestuariesoftheCommunity
1.8.2.R&Dinchemicalandbiologicalsensorsforpollutionmonitoring
1.8.3.researchinsituandundercontrolledconditions ontheeffects
ofpollutants (heavymetals,organicpollutants,hydrocarbons )
onmarinelife,includingbase-linestudiesandtheidentification
anduseofbio-indicators .
1)CouncilDirectiveconcerningthequalityofsurfacewaterintended
fortheabstractionofdrinkingwaterinthemember*statesof
16June1975,O.J.-L194/26.of.25July.1975
2)ADirectiveisunderdiscussionbytheCouncilconcerningthe
qualityofwaterforhumanconsumption (O.J.C214of
18September1975).

-12-
5£§£2££lL2£liQ£3t2ons_and_ob;iecti vesfor1.8.
Workshouldbeactivelypursuedandexpandedontheeffectsof
pollutionofallkindsinthemarineenvironment.Aspecial
effortshouldbemadeto.studyhydrocarbonpollution(including -
degradation bybacteria,applicationsthereofandpossible
secondaryeffectsofbacterialdegradationproducts)inviewofmeasures
tobeadoptedatCommunitylevel*followingtherecentmajoraccidents.
WithregardtopossibleresearchtobesponsoredintheMediterranean
environment,"carewillbeexercisedtoinsurecoordination with
theUNEPprogrammeinthatarea.-
Theinformationobtainedistobeusedinthedefinitionofqualityobjectives
andforemissionstandardsinrelationtoResolutions/Directivesetc.**
£yQ£!ln9_E!ro|20sal :Substantialincreaseineffort*
Notethat:
a)theEURASEP(EuropeanAssociationofScientistsforExperiments on
.'Pollution)projectwillbecontinued (NIMBUS-Gsatelliteduetobe
launchedinlate1978),additionalfundingiscontingentontheresults
ofOCS(OceanColourScanner)-Experiment 77-
b)coastal-base linestudiesmightbeinitiatedastheresultofcurrent
;discussions intheframeworkofCOST'activities (COST,project47)
•• *
1.9.Noisepollution •
1.9.1,epidemiological surveyonnoiseandsleepdisturbances and_
psychological performances
*2®search_orientat ions_and_obj ;ectives^for^l^^l
Thepilotphase(77-78)resultsshouldbepartlyavailableby. "
mid-1978andallowtheidentification ofcertainspecificeffects
,tobestudiedfurtheronenlargedsamplesofpopulation.
£yD^2D2_BE222S2i •Levelofsupportunchanged.
1.9.2.effectsofvibrations andlowfrequencynoises _
and
1.9.3.effectsofshortandimpulsenoises
*e.g.DraftCouncilResolutionsettingupanactionprogrammeofthe
E.C.onthecontrolandreductionofpollutioncausedbyoilspills
Vat,sea(C0M(78)184final)
**1)CouncilResolutionof3March1975concerningpreventionofmarine
pollutionofterrestrialorigin(O.J.C168of25July.1975)
2)ProposalforDirectiveonthequalityrequirements ofwaterfor.
shellfishculture(O.J.C283of30November -1976)

-13
5£§§§££-_2£lSDl2£l2D§_IQd_22i££liy£S_I2r_ljs2ji2j_§D^_li2j:2A
Thesetwosubtopics havenotbeenfundedinthefirstphase-
althoughvaluableresearchwasproposed.Anad-hocexpert
groupshouldbecalledtorecommendifandwhatresearchshould
besponsored. .
Funçhn2_gro£Osal :modestsupportshouldbegiven.
2.RESEARCH AREA2(Environmental Information Management )ECDIN
Implementation ofthe6thamendmenttothe1967Directive on
dangeroussubstances*willrequireasystemtostoreand
retrievethedatasubmittedinthenotification procedurefor ,
newchemicals (seeResearchorientations andobjectivesfor
1.2.and1.4.)takingintoaccounttheconfidential character
ofsomedata.Otherdirectives anddraftDirectives,suchasthose
pertaining totoxicanddangerous washes**andthecontrol
ofcertainindustrialactivities (inpreparation )willalso
necessitate thecollection andhandlingoflargeamountsof
dataonchemicals .
ECDINissuitedtofulfi11thisfunctionandmaybecomean
operational networkinthefuture.Itwillhavetoestablish
workingrelationships withotherinformation systemsoutside
theEC(USandUNEP,UnitedNationsEnvironmentaL Programme).
InviewofthefutureneedofsuchaCommunityinformation
system,thecurrentresearcheffortshouldbemaintained at
theJRCandintheindirectaction. ' .
Fundinc[_|Dro20sal :thepresentleveloffundingshouldbemaintained .
3..'RESEARCH AREA3
3.1.Waterpollution abatement
3.1.1.Advancedbiological andphysico-chemical treatmentofwastewater
ResearchoHentat.ions_and_ob¿ect2ves_for_3 J.1,.2¿
Inviewoftheimplementation ofDirectives onthereductionof
pollutionintheaquaticenvironment andondrinkingwaterthere
isaneedtotesttheperformance ofadvancedwatertreatment
methodsandtherelevanceofexistingparameters totestthe.
effectiveness oftreatment.Inaddition,areviewofnational R&0
activities inthisfieldshouldbemadetoascertain whethera
concertedactionshouldbelaunched,takingintoaccountexisting
international efforts. /
3.1.2.Treatment andutilization ofsewagesludges:(carried-out as
ConcertedAction'"•.follow-upofCOSTproject68,seepages18-19)
*O.J,C260of5November1976
**Q.J.t194of19August1976

•%
--14-•
3.2.Wastedisposai:environmentalimplications
nochange
fyQd2ng_groeosaJ._for_Research_Area_3 :About10%ofavaitablefundsshouldbe
allocatedtothisarea.Specialattention -shouldbegiventothepossibility
ofcoordinating thedevelopment ofcleantechnologies .
4..RESEARCH AREA4
•f
4.1.Ecosystemsecologyandbiogeochemicalcycles
Tobecombinedwith4.4.Ecologicalconsequences oflanduseplanning
and4.5.Ecologicalconsequences ofmodernagricultural
5Ê§ÊHC£D_2El§Q!iâ£22Q§_í!nd_ob;[eçti,ves for4.1_.
Theobjectivesaretopredicttheeffectsofenvironmental disturbances
causedbyman>andtoprovidethebasisforsoundmanagementof
the"natural"environment . '
Itisproposedtosubdivide4.1.asfollows:
4.1.1.Ecosystemsstudies
TheCommunities researcheffortshouldbeintensified inView
.ofincreasingconcernwithglobalenvironmental disturbances
"andalsooftheneedtoimproveenvironmental impactand
assessmenttechniques.Besidesbasicecologicalinvestigations
onthefunctionofecosystems,supportingstudiesforthe
ecologicalcartographyprojectoftheActionProgrammeshould
(befunded.Aconcertedactionmayalsobeenvisaged.
4.1.2.Ozone_shield_deg_let2on
Thereisstillaconsiderable interest,andmanyquestionsstill
unansweredin.thefieldofozonedepletionresearch.Notallthe .
-reactionsinvolvedhavebeenassessed,northephysico-chemical
factorsthatgovernthem.Therelativecontributions ofvarious
chemicalspeciessuchasthenitrogenoxidesarenotyetclear.
jThecoordination ofon-goingnationalresearchwhichhasbeen
effectedwillthusbepursued,takingintoaccountthecooperation
established inUNEP.
4.1.3.COiaccumulation ■ :■■■
Theatmosphericconcentration of-carbondioxidehasbeensteadily
increasingsincethebeginningoftheindustrial _era.Asa
consequence,thereisagrowingconcernforitspossibleenviron­
mentalimpacts.CO2accumulation mighthaveseriouseffectsonclimate;itsrelevancetotheoverallcarboncycledeservesinvestigation ;its
relationtofossilenergyprpductionanddeforestation problems
isevident.
However,preliminarytoanyimpactassessmentstudy,researchis
neededinordertoobtainprecisedataaboutsources,sinks,levels

andtransferratesbetweenthevariouscompartments ofthe
environment . *
Thenationaleffortswillbereviewedinordertoassessthe
feasibility andadvisabilityofaCommunity-wide coordination
andpossiblecooperation withtheimportant USprogrammeinthis
field. • *
£yQ^lQa_E£2E2§§J :Asubstantialincreaseinfundingisproposed
for4.1.
Reclamation ofderelictland •.
^yQËlQa_Q£2E2§âi •Currentefforttobemaintained.
Applications ofremotesensingtechniquesforthestudyof
environmental disturbances
X• ' '
NocontractresearchwillbesponsoredinviewoftheJRCprojects
inthisarea. '
Ecologicalconsequences oflanduseplanning:see4.1.
Ecologicalconsequences ofmodernagriculture :see4.1.
Birdprotection (newpoint)''
Thefutureimplementation oftheDirective*,atpresentunderdiscussion
bythexCouncil,onbirdprotectionwillrequirearesearchefforttocla
rifyanumberofpointsinpopulationdynamicsandhabitatprotection.
TheDirectivestipulatesthatresearchinthisfieldshouldbecoordina­
tedatCommunitylevel. ,
Fund2ng_grogosa il:Tobefundedatmodestlevel.
TOTALFUNDING
Thecoordination ofenvironmental researchintheEuropeanCommunity .
whichwasinitiatedin1973shouldbeprogressively developedtoful-fillinthemostefficientmannertheresearchneedsofenvironmental -^-
policiesatnationalandCommunity,.level._.
Intheshortterm,i.e.untittheendofthe2ndProgramme(1980),there
isaneed,asstatedabove:
a)tocontinuesupportataboutthecurrentlevelsforresearchoncer­
taintopicssupportforsometopicsshouldbesomewhatreduced;
b)toexpandsubstantially thecurrenteffortinseveraltopicsand
tomountactionsonnewtopics. •
O.J.:C24of1February1977

Consequently ,itisproposed toincrease themaximum amount offunds'
allocated totheprogramme by30%nominally i.e. from 16million
units 6faccount toanoverall expenditure committments estimated at
20.8 million European units ofaccount .
This would make over 10million eua available for research contracts
in1979-80 ^approximately half ofwhich would beallocated tonew
research i.e. new topics orexpansion incurrently covered topics ,
and half tothe follow-up ofcurrent contracts ,i.e. completion of
projects underway and/orneworientations forresearch bythe same
contractors . .
Asfar asthedistribution offunds within theprogramme isconcerned ,
itwill bedetermined bythe Commission services inconsultation with
the ACPM ,after examination oftheproposals .Thefollowing guidelines
aresuggested :
Research Area 1:about 65-70 %oftotal funds for second phase
(1979-80 ) . "
1.1 .Heavy metals :decreased funding inrelation to .
1stphaSe , ;
1.2 .and 1.4 .Organic micropol lutants
and New Chemicals :substantial increase
1.3 .Asbestos :increase
1.5 .Airquality :modest increase
1.6 .Water quality :nochange orslight decrease
1.7.Waste heat :nochange -
1.8 .Marine pollution :substantial inerease ;
1.9 .Noise :modest increase v
.Research Area 2:about 4%oftotal funds :nochange
Research Area 3:about 10%oftotal funds :substantial increase •.
Research Area 4:about 15-20 %oftotal funds :substantial increase ..
IMPLEMENTATION „
Theexperience gained during thelast fewyears ,aswell astheadvice
andguidance given bytheACPM have ledtheCommission services to
theconclusion that thebasic rules applied inmanaging theprogramme
should bemaintained butthat certain aspects should bestressed .
Thus :
a)Detailed research requirements fornewparts oftheprogramme should
bedetermined asmuch aspossible byadhocexpert groups ,prior to
inviting proposals forparticipation ,either through published calls
fortenders orbydirect contacts with qualified research organiza -
tions . \ .

b)Discussionofpreliminaryresultstakes*placeonthe
occasionofregularmeetingsofcontractors workingin
relatedfields.This"contactgroupsystem"willbecontinued
'andstrenghtened .Membersofthe,ACPMand
independent ,expertsparticipate insuchmeetingsduringwhich
theprogressoftheresearchworkisevaluatedandits
scientific valueassessed.
c)Morevisitstocontractors' laboratories willbemadebyCommission
staff(andACPMmembers,wheneverpossible)togetbetter
acquaintedwithresearchonhand. --
d)TheorganisationofresearchseminarsandworkshopscoveringCommu-:
nityandnon-Community researchwill,enablebetterconsideration
ofthesignificance ofresultsofcontractresearchandto
establishprioritiesforfurtherresearch.Thepublication ofthe
proceeding'swillfacilitatethedissemination ofknowledge
acquiredalsothroughCommissionsponsoredresearch.
e)Theevaluation oftheresultsofcontractresearchiseffected
onthebasisofbothpreliminary andfinalreportssubmitted -
byprojectleaders.Itrequiredtheanalysisofsuchreports
bytheCommissionservicesand.theACPMand,whereverpossible,
byindependentexperts.Thecorrespondence betweentheresearch
;workproposedandthatcarried-outaswellasthejustification
ofpossiblemodifications ,areverified;furthermorethe
resultsareevaluatedinrelationtotheirrelevancetotheobjectives
andprinciplesoftheCommunityenvironmentpolicy.
Atthesametimethepublication byprojectleadersoftheresults
obtainedinthecourseofcontractresearch'intheopenscientific .
literaturehasanecho(i.e.requestsof.reprints,.citationof.
articlesinthelistsofbibliographic references)which
isameasureofthescientificvalueoftheresearch.
Besidesapurelyscientificevaluationoftheresearchcarriedout,
anassessment mustbemadeoftheapplicability oftheresultsfor
theimplementation oftheE.C.environmentpolicyandconclusions
mustbedrawnonneworientations forfuturework. ,
f)Everyeffortshouldbemadetoincreasethenumberofconcerted
actionsinsuitableareas. '

-18
Concertedactions,indeed,,mayprovideefficientmeansofenlargingthescope
ofCommunitycoordination ofenvironmental researchbasedontheindirectaction.
^Criteriaforlaunchingaconcertedactioninagivenareashouldbeas
followsi
» . J
a)therehastobeasignificant amountofresearchonhandinmost
memberstates,
b)themember-states arewillingtosubmit,alltheirpublicly-funded research
tothecoordination atCommunitylevel.. ,
c)theprogrammeoftheconcertedactionshouldbeofacertainsize
Sofar,in.theenvironmental field,oneconcertedaction*hasbeenformally
decidedbytheCouncilandtwo**morehavebeenproposedbythe
CommissiontotheCouncil.Allthreearethefollow-upofCOSTprojects.
ArewCOSTproject(n°47)onbase-linestudiesincoastalecology
isalsounderpreparation .Ontheotherhand,coordination ofnational
researchhasbeenestablished informallywithintheframeworkofthepresent
programme,intheareaofozoneshielddepletion-.
'Itisnowproposedtoassesstheadvisability andfeasibility ofinitiating -,-
concertedactionsinseveralotherareas(seebelow.)Thiswillbedone/
althoughnofirmcommitments canbemadeatpresent,inviewofpossible
limitations instaffandfinancialmeansforthepropermanagement of
su;;.)actions. '-
Inmostcasesitmayproveadvisabletoenhancetheconcertat'ion ofnational
researchbyallocating Communityfundstowell-defined,usuallysmall*
researchprojectswhichwouldfillidentifiedgapsintheexisting
programmes . -
*Concertedactiononsewage,sludgedecidedbytheCouncilon .'
27September1977CO.J,L267of19OctoBer1977)
**1)Concertedactionconcerningtheanalysisoforganicmicropollutants
inwater(O.J.C54of3March1978)
2)Concertedactionconcerningthephysico-chemical behaviourof
'atmosphericpollutants (O.J.C55of4March1978)

-19-
Listofcurrentandpossibleconcerted researchactionsintheenvironmental
field:
On-going -
1..Treatment andutilization ofsewagesludge(O.J.L267of19October
1977)-.
SubmittedtoCouncil
2.Physico-chemical behaviourofatmospheric pollutants,submitted
on1.February1978
3.■Analysisoforganicmicropollutantsinwater,submitted '
on30January1978
■- . >
On-going,informal
4„Ozoneshielddepletion
\
5.-EURASEP(remote-sensing ofcoastalwaterquality)withtheJRC.
Underpreparation
6.Base-linestudiesincoastalecology(COST47)
Underconsideration ;
7.Effectsofatmospheric pollution onplants
8.Asbestos.:exposureandeffects ,
9.Thermalpollution
10.Advancedwastewatertreatmenttechnology
11.Cleantechnologies (inspecificindustrial branches)
12.COpaccumulation intheatmosphere.

-20-
AnnexI
OpinionoftheAdvisoryCommitteeonProgrammeManagementforEnvironmental
ResearchonaproposaloftheCommissionregardingtherevisionoftheSecond
Environmental ResearchProgramme (indirectaction:1976-80)
Duringitsmeetingsof30November1977,26January1978and6March1978
theAdvisoryCommitteeonProgrammeManagementforEnvironmental Research
hasexaminedindetailtheproposaloftheCommissionregardingtherevision
oftheSecondEnvironmental ResearchProgramme (indirectaction:1976-1980).
Ithasalsoreviewedthemanagementofthisresearchprogramme,andin
particularthestepstakentoachieveanincreasingdegreeofcoordination
betweennationalandCommunityactivitiesinthisfield'.
Itagreedunanimouslythatthescientificcontentoftheproposalisbased
onasoundassessmentofthecurrentandforeseeable researchrequirements
oftheCommunityActionProgrammeonttieEnvironment,withregardbothto
thenewtopicsproposedforintroduction intheprogrammeandtotopics
earmarkedforexpansion.
TheCommitteeconcurredthatsignificant progresshasbeenachievedin
coordinating nationalandCommunityactivitiesinenvironmental research
sincetheinceptionofthe1stindirectactionprogramme (1973-1975)
bymeansofresearchseminars,workinggroupmeetings,andalsothrough
informalcontactsamongitsmembers,etc...Thiseffort,togetherwiththe
systematicevaluationofresultswhichhasbeeninitiated,shouldbeinten­
sifiedinthefuture,inordertoincreaseresearchproductivity bothin
quantityandqualityandtofacilitatetheapplicationofitsresultsby
potentialusersthroughouttheCommunity.
Inconclusion,the-Committeerecommends :
1)thatmanyprojectsintheexistingprogrammeshouldbeextendedfor
afurtherperiodtoenabletheirsuccessfulcompletion,othersshould
beterminated -withinthefirstphase;
2)thatresearchshouldbeexpandedconsiderably onseveralspecific
problemsalreadyunderinvestigation ;
3)thatnewtopicsshouldbeincludedintheprogrammetakingintoaccount
nationalresearchactivities ;-
4)thatco-ordinatingactivitiesshouldcontinuetobestrenghtened and
broadenedwithconsideration ofconcertedaction,whereappropriate ;
5)thatevaluationprocedures .shouldbedeveloped(e.g.criticalanalysis
ofresearchresults,assessmentoftheirapplicability fortheImple­
mentationoftheCommunityenvironmentpolicy).

Inview ofthese existing and additional requirements the Committee
considers itnecessary toexpand theoverall programme assuggested
bytheCommission andrecommends theadoption oftheproposal regarding
the revision ofthe Second Environmental Research Programme (indirect
action :1976-1980 ).

AnnexII
PROPOSAL FORA
COUNCILDECISION
reviewingthesecondmultiannual researchanddevelopment programme
fortheEuropeanEconomicCommunity
intheenvironmental field(indirectaction)
adoptedbyDecision76/311/EEC
TheCounciloftheEuropeanCommunities, i
HAVINGREGARDtotheTreatyestablishing theEuropeanEconomic
Community,andinparticularArticle235thereof;
HAVINGREGARDtotheproposaloftheCommission;
HAVINGREGARDtotheopinionoftheEuropeanParliament;
HAVINGREGARDtothe-opinion "oftheEconomicandSocialCommittee;v
WHEREAStheCouncil,inapplicationofArticle235establishing the
EuropeanEconomicCommunity,initsDecision76/311/EECadopteda
multiannualresearchanddevelopment programmeiptheenvironmentalÏ*7■
field(indirectaction); -N
WHEREASArticle4oftheabovementioned Decisionprovidesforthe
reviewofthesaidprogramme;
WHEREASitthereforeseemsappropriatetoreviewtheprogramme;
HASDECIDEDASFOLLOWS: .-
Artieie1
TheAnnextoDecision76/311/EECshall,witheffectfrom................. •
bereplacedbytheAnnextothisDecision.TheAnnexshallform
anintegralpartofthisDecision.
Artide2
Theoverallexpenditurecommitmentsestimatedat16millionunitsofaccount
bereplacedbytheoverallexpenditurecommitmentsestimatedat20.8million
Europeanunitsofaccount,theEuropeanunitofaccountbeingdefinedin
'accordancewiththefinancialregulationsinforce.Thestaffassignedto
theprogrammeremainsfixedat10Communityservants.

-23-
Annex II
Done at Date For the Council
The President

-24-
AnnextotheproposalforaCouncildecision
reviewingthesecond
Environmental ResearchProgramme (1976-1980)indirectaction
Thetopicsincludedinthefourresearchareasoftheprogrammeareas
follows:
Researcharea1(researchaimedattheestablishment ofcriteria,i.e.
exposure-effect relationships forpollutants andenvironmental chemicals)
1.Heavymetals:especiallypathwaytomanthroughfood,waterandair
andtheirmetabolism
2.Organicmicropollutants andnewchemicals :especiallyevaluationof
theeffectsonhealthandtheenvironment ofsynthetical chemicals
3.Asbestosandotherfibrousmaterials :detectionmethodsandhealth
effects
4.Airquality:application oftechniquesfortheremotesensingof
airpollution;effectsonhealthandvegetation
5.Waterquality:especiallyepidemiological surveyonhealthstatus
ofselectedpopulationgroupinrelationtodrinkingwaterquality
I
6.Wasteheat:ecologicalandmicroclimatic effects
7.,Marinepollution :especiallyeffectsofhydrocarbons anddecontamina­
tionmethods
8.Noisepollutioncontinuation oftheepidemiological surveyonthe
noiseeffectsonsleep;effectsofvibrationsandlowfrequencynoises.
Researcharea2(R&Donenvironmental information management,concerning'
essentiallyenvironmental chemicals)
Continuation ofcollectionandhandlingofdataonchemicalsinthe
frameworkoftheECDINproject.,
Researcharea3(R&Donthereductionandpreventionofpollutionsand
nuisances )
Testsofadvancedmethodsforwatertreatment.
•••/•■•

-25
Researcharea4(R&Dconcerning theprotection andtheimprovement of
thenaturalenvironment)
1.Ecosystems ecologyandbiogeochemical cycles,especially studiesof
ecosystems (contribution totheestablishment ofanecological
cartography );ozoneshielddepletioninthestratosphere andCO^
accumulation intheatmosphere
2.Reclamation ofderelictland
3.Birdprotection :population dynamicsandhabitatprotection.

-ν-
FINANCIAL DATA
1. BUDGET ■CHAPTER :3354
2. HEADING OFTHE BUDGET TITLE ;
Environment research
2. •JURIDICAL BASIS :
-Application ofArticle 235oftheTreaty establishing theEEC
-Application ofArticle 4ofthe Council Decision adopting the
second research programme for the European Economic Community
inthe environmental field -(indirect action )
4. DESCRIPTION ,OBJECTIVE MID JUSTIFICATION OFACTION
4.1.Description :
Implementation and amplification ofacoordinated environ­
mental research programme ,carried out bymeans ofshared -
cost contracts concluded with bodies inthe Member States ,
Itwill cover the following four research areas :
1)research designed toestablish criteria (exposure /effect
ratios )forpollutants andpotentially toxic chemicals );
2)research and development onenvironmental information
management with particular reference tochemicals likely
tocontaminate the environment
3)research anddevelopment onthe reduction andprevention
ofpollution andnuisances
4)research anddevelopment related totheprotection and
improvement ofthenatural environment .
4.2 .Obiectives :
Toensure accomplishment ofthe task ofthe
Community assetout inArticle 2oftheTreaty establishing
it,ofpromoting anddeveloping economic activities harmo­
niously aspart ofacontinuous andbalanced expansion
byproviding scientific andtechnical support totheAction
Programme ontheenvironment *
4.3 .Justification :
Coordination ofthe research carried out aspart ofthe
Environmental Research Programme will mai-'e itpossible
tooptimize results byencouraging specialized national
laboratories tofind solutions toproblems ofcommon
interest .Areview ofthe above-mentioned programme will
make itpossible to "implement anoimprove that cooroination .
*O.J. nr,L74/36of20.3.76

-VI-
5. TOTALFINANCIAL INCIDENCE OFACTION(inEUA)
5.0. Incidence onexpenditure
5.0.0.Totalcostduringthetermenvisaged
-onCommunitybudget fl6.000.000
. ,...„... I4.800.000-bynationaladministrations QQQQQQ
-byothersectorsatnationallevel l4.800.000
5..0.1.Multiannualschedule
CommitmentTotal 38.600.000
1976 1977.1978 1979 1980 1981
Staff 508.500 544.000 574.000
Manag.121.000 130.000 -137.000
ITechn.25.000 27.000 "29.000
Contracts
:1.652.000 4.800.000
i
Total 328.420 12.081.5852.306.800 j
–__5.501.000 740.000/■
Payment
1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981
I !
Staffv
Manag.
Techn.
Contracts508.500
121.200
25.000
4.702.100544.000
130.000
27.000
4.800.000574.000
137.000
29.000
4.800.000 296.764
Total 328.4203.777.016 5.356.800 5.501.000 5.540.000 296.764

-VII -
Method ofcalculation
• •
a)Personnel expenditure . .
Needs were assessed onthe basis ofthe officials
required fortheprogramme
6category Aofficials
1category Boff icial
3category Cofficials
Apart from these posts the calculations take account of
theparameters set forthepurpose ofdrawing upthe
preliminary draft budget forthe financial year 1979 .
Noincrease inpurchasing power has been provided fcr .
Achange inthe weighting applicable toremuneration was
the only alteration introduced totake account ofthe
general trend inprices within theCommunity .
b)Expenditure for administrative andtechnical operations
They cover travel ,mission andmeeting expenses aswell
asthe cost ofscientific and technical assistance
whenever itproves necessary forthe implementation
ofthe programme . ■
c)Expenditure inrespect ofcontracts
i
Since the nature ofthe work and the qualifications of
thecontracting parties vary ,itisimpossible to
introduce astandard method ofcalculation .
However >theAdvisory Committee onProgramme Management
(ACPM )will always beconsulted ontheallocation -
offunds .
d>Multiannual forecasts .
The rates fixed for calculating estimates are :
1979 -1.07 ;1980 -1.31 ;1981 -1.20
Implications inrespect ofrevenue
Type ofcontrol tobeapplied :^ -
Scientific controls :Management Committees
ACPM
Officials appointed byDGXII
Administrative controls :
Budget implementation :Financial Control
Regularity ofexpenditure :Contracts Division ofDGXII
and Financial Control .

-VIII -
7. FUNDING ACTION
7.0 . . ,•
7.1 .
7.2 . .
7.3 . Funds tobeincluded infuture (s)budget Cs)