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DELACOMMISSION
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DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(78)417
Vol.1978/0160

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(78)417 final
Brussels,29September 1978«
■ .. ι■■ :..
i•
!■;.V>v":COMMISSION REPORTTOTHECOUNCIL :
concerning thequantities oforiental tobaccofromthe-
1976harvesttakenoverbytheintervention bodies-
C0M(78)417final

SUMMART
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
I. DEVELOPMENT OPTHE SITUATION ONTHE INTERNATIONAL
MARKET
II. DEVELOPMENT OPTHE EEC MARKET
III .MARKETING STRUCTURES INTHE EEC AND NON-MEMBER
COUNTRIES
–The Italian Monopoly
–Community industry
-Non-EEC Industry
-Deliveries totheintervention agency
IV. STRUCTURE OPEEC PRODUCTION
V. PROSPECTS ONTHE WORLD AND COMMUNITY MARKET
CONCLUSIONS
ANNEXES
–Statistical tables

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
1.Under Article 13(l)ofCouncil Regulation (EEC)No727/70of21April 1970
(1onthecommon organization ofthemarket inrawtobacco v ,itisestablished
that :
"Where ,foravariety oragroup ofvarieties ,thequantities taken over by
theintervention agencies exceed ,foraparticular crop ,astated percentage
ofproduction ,andinanycase astated quantity ,theCouncil shall examine
the situation onthebasis ofareport which theCommission shall submit to
itatthe endofthemarketing year andnot later than 30April ofthecal­
endar year following that ofthecrop ."
Thepercentages andquantities inquestion were fixed bytheCouncil in
Council Regulation (EEC)No1469/70of20July 1970
2.Experience intheoperation ofthemarket organization has shown once again
that itwasnot possible for theCommission tosubmit this report before the
final date ,i.e. 30April oftheyear following that oftheharvest inques­
tion .Even iftheavailable information canbeconsidered asdefinitive ,the
withdrawal actions bytheIntervention Agency are ,however ,still inprogress .
3.Forthe1976 crop ,intervention figures show that fortheoriental varieties
thequantities bought inamounted to12.500 tofbaled tobacco .This figure
must beconverted toquantities ofleaf tobacco onthebasis ofthe loss–of–
weight coefficients used forfixing premiums ,i.e. to+14.000 t.Consequently ,
theupper limit of20%ofproduction andthemaximum permitted quantity
(4.000 t)would seem tohave been exceeded forthese varieties .
Under these circumstances ,thesituation asregards production anddisposal
ofthese varieties should beexamined onthebasis oftheinformation contained
inthe present report .
(1)OJNoL94of28.4.1970
(2)OJNoL164of27.7.1970

-1-
DEVELOPMENT OFTHE SITUATION ONTHE INTERNATIONAL MARKET
1.World production oforiental tobacco (approx .950*000 t)represents about 17%
ofthetotal output (5»5millions t)andisdivided between Europe (40$),Asia
(32%)andtheUSSR (24%).Community production ,which isconcentrated exclu­
sively inItaly ,barely exceeds 3fo.Between 1962 and1975 oriental tobacco
production increased greatly (70$),butforecasts for1980-81 predict anincrease
inline with thegeneral rise inworld tobacco consumption (l->2$peryear ).
International trade inoriental tobacco (approx .250.000 t)represents about 20%
oftheworld total (1.3million t).
2.Between 1962 and1972 production oforiental tobacco inallthecountries mainly
concerned ,i.e. Turkey ,Greece ,Bulgaria andYugoslavia ,increased atafairly
constant rate .Inthefive years from 1962 to1966 annual average production was
423.000 tandinthefive years from 19^7 to1971410.000 t.Prom1972 onwards
itgradually increased till itreached apeak in1976 at67O .OOO t.Inthefive
years from1972 to1976 annual average production was524.000 t,anincrease of
28ioover theannual average forthepreceding 10years .
3.During theperiod under consideration prices gradually rose alittle ,inline
with thegradual increase incosts uptothe 1973 harvest .This was theresult of
awise policy whereby leaf tobacco was purchased with aview ,despite difficulties ,
toreconciling thepressing needs ofthegrowers with theabsolute necessity of
exporting processed tobacco ataprice acceptable topurchasers .Starting with the
1973 harvest ,given theextremely brisk demand ontheworld market andtheconsi­
derable increase inlabour costs ,there was asharp rise inprices .The average
export price was12,10 %higher in1974 than in1973 ,39%higher in1975 than
in1974 and22,10 iohigher in1976 than in1975 *
4.Prom the endoftheSecond World War until 1973 demand increased considerably
while changing substantially ,under thepressure ofdifferent market requirements
linked totheintroduction andwidespread use offilters and the rapid changes in
smokers' staste .Thereduced consumption oforiental tobacco intheimporting
traditional western countries was largely offset bytheconsiderable increase in
consumption intheproducer countries ,i.e. Turkey ,Greece ,Yugoslavia and
Bulgaria .Between 1960 a.nd1976 consumption inthese countries increase !byabout
90 cigarettes still being made entirely oforiental tobacco .Between 1974 and
1976 thetrend wasreversed ontheworld market ,mainly asaresult ofthesharp
rise inprices andalso worrying stagnation incountries such astheUnited States ,
Japan andWest Germany ,which traditionally use oriental tobaccos .
./•

5.Turkey ,Greece ,Yugoslavia andBulgaria thus exported about 270.000 tin1973 ,
252.000 tin1974 »207.000 tin1975 and .206.000 tin1976 ,with adrop of
7t35%in1974 andabout 24%in1975 and1976 compared with total exports in
1973.Theconsiderable increase inproduction andthedrop inexports inthe
four producer countries resulted inlarge stocks ofunsold tobacco .Atthe
endof1976 thestocks amounted to400.000 t,equal tototal production for
anormal year and40$ofannual world consumption .
6.In1977 "thesituation ontheworld market showed encouraging signs ofimprove­
ment .Production fell considerably ,with aclear improvement inquality .Asa
result ofthevarious support measures applied bythegovernments ofthemain
producer countries theexport price wasmuch lower andtherefore more competi­
tive with other types oftobacco .This newsituation could have apositive
effect onconsumption inthemedium term .
II.DEVELOPMENT OFTHE EEC MARKET
1.IntheCommunity theXanti ,Perustitza andErzegovina varieties ,which asis
well known aregrown only inSouthern Italy ,generally experienced the same
phenomena andtrends asinthemajor producer countries .Itshould bepointed
out ,that for some years theaverage .yield perhectare hasbeen increasing as
aresult ofmore intensive fertilization ,theuseofdifferent planting-out
system andofhigher yielding seeds ,andsometimes excessive irrigation .Des­
pite areduction inacreage ,Xanti production has remained more orless steady .
Inthe three-ye'ar period from 1975 "to1977 »theaverage area under Perustitza
was97$upon1970–1972 ,with average production increasing by155$and
average yield by28 "
Inthethree years 1975-1977 »theaverage area under Erzegovina was45f°upon
1970-1972 .Average production increased by110 forhere also ,forthereasons
already mentioned ,average yield increased by39%.
2.Although theCommunity hasalways applied acautious policy with regard toprice
increases fororiental tobaccos (only 14rr18f°idepending onthevariety ,
between 1970 and 1977)>there wasnonetheless aconsiderable increase inthe
price paid tothegrower forthe1974 and1975 harvests ,mainly astheresult
ofthecontinuous gradual devaluation ofthegreen lira .Between 1970 and1972
the -price paid togrowers increased byonly 4%•In1973 itincreased by15»5%»
in1974 (compared with 1973 )by45»2%andin1975 by45%•Between 1970 and
1975 thegreen lira wasdevalued by41$.In1976 ,because ofthedifficulties
inmarketing theprevious harvest ,there wasasignificant reversal intrends ,
andinview also ofthepoor quality oftheharvest producers were paid acon­
siderably lower' price (about 25%)than in1975-
./•

-3-
In1977 "theharvest was small andofgood quality .Theneed tosell baled
tobacco atanacceptable market price restrained grower 'sdemands .Never­
theless they obtained anaverage price ofLit 177*000 perquintal ,which was
14$lower than in1975 "but14»80 $higher than in1976 .
3.TheCommunity price structure and especially the level ofthepremium aremuch
more advantageous forErzegovina andPerustitza inthefuture because they
give higher yields .Theyield perhectare oftheXanti variety ismuch lower ,
andproduction costs much higher ,than for theother twovarieties .Ofthe
three varieties ,Xanti gives thelowest return oninvestment .This istheonly
explanation forthefact that ,intheeight years ofthecommon organization
ofthemarket andespecially from the 1972 harvest onwards ,Xanti production
has increased only slightly while production ofthe twoother varieties has
doubled .
III .MARKETING STRUCTURES INTHE EEC AND WON–MEMBER COUNTRIES
1.The Italian Monopoly
Annual demand forItalian-produced oriental tobacco ,onthebasis ofthecurrent
blends forthemost widely-sold cigarettes ,isabout 12.000 tperyear ,broken
down asfollows :5»000 tofXanti ,4«000 tofErzegovina and 3.000 tof
Perustitza .SofartheMonopoly haspurchased 10.000 t,i.e. 2.000 tless than
required ,because itmust use substantial stocks still remaining from previous
harvests .Recently anew low-priced "Nazionale "cigarette was put onthe
market .Itseems tohave been very successful atleast attheinitial stage .
This cigarette ismade only from Italian tobaccos ,including 40%oriental .
2.Community industry
TheCommunity requirement fororiental tobacco is50.000 tperyear ,ofwhich
30.000 tarefortheGerman industry alone ,which regularly obtains supplies
atthe rate of4to5'000 tperyear onthe Italian market .Ithas apreference
forErzegovina ,which isessentially aneutral ,very light tobacco very suitable
foruse asfiller .Some Dutch andBelgian firms also make regular purchases
ofanaverage of1.000 tperyear .
3.Non-EEC industry
Towards theendof 1973*when theworld market wasexperiencing difficulties
because supplies were short while demand wasvery brisk ,theUnited States
industry showed aspecial interest intheItalian oriental tobacco market .
./•

-4-
This market offered considerably better prices than similar types ontradi­
tional markets astheresult oftheapplication ofcommon agricultural policy
mechanisms .Manufacturers inother countries ,such asEgypt ,Australia ,
Hungary ,Israel andTunisia ,followed theUnited States example ,with the
result that atthe end of1974 thevolume ofsales tonon-member countries
exceeded9«000 tandreached therecord figure of15-000 tin1975 .
4.In1976 ,avery badyear ,thesituation suddenly changed .Exports ,including
sales toCommunity countries ,stayed below 7.000 t.Home consumption remained
attheusual level of9to10.000 tbutproduction reached therecord figure
of33to34«000 t(baled tobacco ).Thevery poor quality in1976 caused the
usual customers todelay their supplies ortoturn toother markets .Thevery
high export prices caused bytheincrease inproduction costs were responsible
for adrastic reduction inthemargins between theoffer price for the
Community product andthat fortheGreek orTurkish product .Moreover ,Greek
andTurkish tobacco isoffered onthe international market atknock-down prices
under theheavy export subsidy policy applied bythegovernments ofthetwo
countries concerned inorder todispose oftheir huge surplus stocks .
5.TheEECgranted allthefacilities possible tosupport andexpand marketing
ofthe1976 crop ,which itwaswilling toregard asexceptional sothat
especially large export refunds could begranted .(Reg .(EEC)No2266/77of
I.12 .77)-Theresults obtained sofar ,however ,have notbeen fully upto
expectation .The 1977 harvest ,which produced asmaller crop ofadequate
quality ,offers decidedly better prospects .Itisconsidered that about
II.000 tcanbeexported andabout 10.000 tcanbeabsorbed byhome consumption .
6.Deliveries tothe intervention agency
Prom the1970 harvest ,3.729 twere sold into intervention ;thefigure for1971
was4.610 t.Atthat time thenewCommunity rules were attherunning-in stage
andsales toboth Community andnon–EECcountries were insignificant .The
Italian Monopoly wasstill thesole purchaser ,anditmoreover hadtoreduce
itsnormal purchases inorder todispose ofthelarge stocks ithadinstore .
Thesituation improved considerably with the1972 harvest ,ofwhich only
1.776 twere delivered totheintervention agency .Thesituation in1973 and
1974 wasvery satisfactory :alltheoriental tobacco produced wasdisposed of
ontheopen market .In1975 ,asaresult ofthechanged conditions onthe
world market ,1.133 twere deliverd tointervention ,including 830tof
./•

-5-
Erzegovina .Alarge quantity (about 12.500 t)wasdelivered tointervention
in1976 ,avery badandexceptionally wetyear which produced anabnormal
yield ofpoor quality .However ,this wastotally exceptional .Ashasalready
been said the 1977 harvest has returned toasatisfactory normal and itis
expected that the quantity sold into intervention ought not toexceed
3.5OO t(Erzegovina +2.5OO t).
7.Ifthequantity ofeach variety sold into intervention isexamined separately
from 1972 ,which iswhen therunning-in stage intheapplication ofCommunity
rules canbeconsidered ascompleted ,weseethefollowing :in1972 ,552 tof
Xanti were delivered ,376tofPerustitza and848 tofErzegovina ;in1975 »
133 tofXanti ,171tofPerustitza and829 "tofErzegovina ;in1976 ,+2.500 t
ofXanti ,+3«500 tofPerustitza and+6.5OO tofErzegovina .Ofatotal of
about 16.000 t,+3.200 twere ofXanti ,i.e. 20 +4«200 tofPerustitza ,
i.e. 26%and+8.500tofErzegovina ,i.e. 53
8. The tobacco inintervention must besold .Itshould benoted that
when itissold ,thesupply price isminus thepremium andanypossible export
refund .Ifthis sale canbemade onamarket where there aregood sales possi­
bilities thedifference between theintervention buying-in price andtheselling
price when thetobacco leaves intervention isroughly equal totheamount ofthe
premium which hasnotbeen granted .Inthis market situation thefinancial effect
oftheintervention buying-in isalmost neutral andtheonly expenditure isan
financing andstorage costs .However ,forthevarieties inquestion ,thedemand
issuch that sales bytheintervention agency ontheworld market canonly be.made
atrelatively lowprices ,i.e. at60%ofthe buy.ing-in price (minus thepremium )
causing relatively large losses fortheintervention agency andconsequently for
the EAGGF .One should remember ,however ,that inthis case noexport refund is
granted onthetobacco .
Although forthesector asawhole expenditure onpublic storage is
relatively modest (about 10mu.a.)compared with total expenditure ontobacco (about
210mu.a.),from thefinancial point ofview itwould also bebetter toadopt mea­
sures which would bring about .abetter balance between supply anddemand thus avoi­
ding large-scale intervention support .
•/.

^y•
STRUCTURE OFEECPRODUCTION
1.Seventy-eight percentoforientaltobaccoisproducedinApulia,15%in
Abruzzi,3%inCampaniaandLucaniaandonly1%inLatium.InApuliamost
ofthetobacco(65%ofthetotal)isgrownintheprovinceofLecce.Tobacco,
whichthrivesbestinlight,loose,poorsoilinawann,dryclimate,isthe
mainstayoftheeconomyofagenerallyfairlypoorregionnotcapableofmuch
improvement ,bothbecauseitenablespoorsoiltobeputtogooduseandbecause
itemploysalargeamountoflabourbothingrowingandinthefirstprocessing
stage,inathicklypopulatedarea.
2.Itiscalculatedthatinthetobacco-producing regionsasawhole,growing
representsabout3.000workdaysaidfirstprocessingabout1.200.000.Tobacco
isalmostalwaysgrowndirectlybygrowerfamilies,onholdingsofanaverage
areaof70ares.Growingemploysabout40.000familiesfor6monthsofthe
year,andinwintertime,i.e.theprocessingperiod,therearejobsfor
20.000workers.
3.Intheregionsinwhichtobaccoisgrown,becauseoftheirsoilandclimate,
theredoesnotseemtobeanyalternative kindofagriculture capableof
ensuringthesamelabourincome.Neitherisanyformofindustrypossiblein
•/.

-6-
theshort-term ,because ofthetotal lack ofanysource ofenergy orraw
materials andthelong distance from themain consumer markets .Tosumup,
this isanagricultural area particularly suited totobacco-growing ,an
activity which canensure thegrower families adecent joband jasecure
source ofincome when growing iscombined with thefirst processing .
4.For some years nowmany grower families have been finding itnecessary to
form cooperatives (in1977 cooperatives were responsible forabout 25%of
thetotal production )inorder toorganize production andmarketing more
efficiently .Theformation ofthese cooperatives has ,among other things ,
brought down costs somewhat asaresult ofmutual assistance during themain
cultivation operations such asplanting-out andharvesting .Other cooperatives
have been setuptocarry out the first processing oftheproduct .They have
built new establishments onrationalized line ,with aidfrom theEAGGF .
However ,anefficient marketing structure isstill lacking .
V. PROSPECTS ONTHE WORLD AM )COMMUNITY MARKET
1.The current situation onthe world market isdifficult because demand is
stagnant andconsiderable stocks remain unsold .Under present conditions it
isnotexpected that there will beasignificant increase indemand orthat
theunsold stocks will berapidly disposed of.This will only bepossible in
thelong term ,andproduction should gradually bereduced todistinctly lower
levels ,soastobemore inline with demand .During 1977 astart wasmade
onreducing thearea under tobacco .Thegreek andTurkish Governments are
applying measures tolimit investment inthis area .
2.AtCommunity level theforward analysis ofthemarket forthe1977 harvest
does notappear topose anygreat problems .This isduetoreduced production
ontheonehand butprincipally toimproved quality .Disposal difficulties
will however persist inthemedium tern .There aretworeasons forthis :
-areduction inthemargin ofcompetitivity between offer prices forthe
Community varieties andthose fortobacco from other sources ;
–theamount that will beavailable andthequality level ofcertain
varieties .
-/•

-7-
3.Examination ofthese figures based onacareful study ofthemarket situation
shows that under present circumstances only 22-22.000 tofItalian-produced
oriental tobaccos canbesold ontheopen market .There isnodoubt that the
entire sector urgently needs acomplete andthorough reorganization !which
bymeans ofamore rational selection ofland ,genetic improvement ofthe
varieties andapplication ofmore suitable cultivation techniques ,would
produce abetter quality crop ,even attheexpense ofquantity .
4.Thecontract system recently putforward bytheCommission ,together with
thepossibility ofadvance granting ofthepremium ,isbound toresult in
aneffective rationalization ofthemost important stages oftheproduction
process .TheCommission isnowpromoting amajor agricultural research
programme inthe sector with aview toaccurately defining thefeatures ofthe
production process which should becorrected .
5.Lastly itremains tobeconsidered what theeffect full Greek membership of
theCommunity could have ,inview ofthefact that Greek tobacco isalready
known andsold throughout theworld and isbacked bysolid marketing struc­
tures .There aregrounds forbelieving that atleast intheshort-term Greek
membership will notgive rise toanyspecial problems ofadjustment for
current EECproduction ,especially asItalian oriental tobacco isnow an
established part oftheblends for some major cigarettes widely sold at
world level .
Inthemedium -andlong-term however theproblem will beessentially oneof
balancing production andconsumption both overall andforindividual varieties ,
andmuch will depend ontheCommunity price structure for the different varie­
ties produced intheenlarged Community .

CONCLUSIONS
1.Since thesituation ontheworld ,market inthenext fewyears will ?
beoneofstandstill indemand ,together with considerable stocks ,
better selling ofthe 1977 harvest will not prevent large quantities
oftheCommunity crop from being taken into intervention .These quan­
tities ,mainly oftheErzegovina variety ,should nothowever exceed
aceiling of4.000 tonnes .
2.Medium andlong-term prospects donot point tosales ofadequate
quality tobacco exceeding 20-22.000 tonnes ofbaled tobacco (average
production 1975 »1976 ,1977 =27.000 tonnes ).Consequently there is
anurgent need forthe sector tobethoroughly reorganized inorder
toensure
-more rational planning with regard toquantity ingeneral and
thequality ofeach variety
–animprovement inthe existing quality standards ,which donot
always correspond toactual market requirements .
3.Itshould also beemphasised that increased production and the conse­
quent marketing difficulties mainly concern theErzegovina variety .The
considerable increase inproduction wasbrought about through theuse
ofproduction techniques which irrationally forced upyields atthe
expense ofquality .
4.Thearea where this crop isgrown (southern Italy )anditsparticular
production andprocessing structures (small-scale farms ,producer and
processor cooperatives )call forcaution inapplying theprocedures
laid down inArticle 13ofRegulation No727/70torestore themarket
tonormal .Itshould also bepointed outhere that the soil andclimate
oftheareas concerned arenot suitable forchanging toother crops or
even toother varieties .
•/.

-2-
5»TheCommission 'splan fthereforei isfirstly "toencourage measures which
contribute totheattainment oftheobjectives setoutin2above .This is
why ,inaddition tomeasures already decided atCommunity level such as:
-acontract system (amendment toRegulation (EEC)NO1726/70),
based oncultivation contracts ;
-encouragement toform producers' associations
(Council Regulation
theCommission hasalready begun tostudy aCommunity measure tocoordinate
agricultural research inthis sector ,with thefollowing three guidelines
asabasis :
1)study ofthesoil andclimate ineach production area ;
2)genetic improvement ;
3)improvement ingrowing andcuring techniques .
Therelevant proposal will bepresented totheCouncil andtheEuropean
Parliament in1978 .
6.Since atechnical ,economic andcommercial analysis oftheoriental tobacco
sector shows that the problems differ for each ofthe three oriental varie­
ties ,theCommission considers that infuture Article 13should beapplied
separately toeach variety .Bytreating these varieties asonethere isa
danger that theproduction changes andimprovement expected from theplanned
structural measures could bejeopardized .
7.Inconclusion ,theCommission intends topresent totheCouncil aproposal for
amending Regulation (EEC)No1469/70byfixing foreach variety oforiental
tobacco theceiling specified fortheapplication ofArticle 13.
Inorder totake account ofchanges inthestructure ofCommunity production
from 1970 onwards anadaption oftheceilings specified forthevarieties as
awhole will also beproposed based onthethree-year average 1975_77»
With regard tothefixing ofprices andpremiums fortheforthcoming 1979
harvest ,theCommission will submit totheCouncil proposals which allow
forgreater differentiation between theindividual oriental varieties .

Superficiemondialepartypesdetabac I
Superficiemondialepertipiditabacco
Worldareabytobaccotype
Welt-AnbauflachennachTabaktypen
(Ha) (%)
1970-74 1975 19761970-7419751976
IFluecured .1.352.775 1.563.013 1.561.351 33,335,135,0
Burley 205.515 279.770 273.654 5,16,16,1
Suncured(Orient1854.054 901.485973.378 21,120,921,9
Lightaircured.285.455 279.119 304.719 7,16,56,8
Darkairesuncured1.173.866 1.159.817 1.158.604 28,9I26,826,0
Darkaircured(siflari )118.143 89.153 110.231 2,92,12,6
Darkfirecured 65.542 62.597 71.6861,61,5
ι1,6
TOTAL: 4.055.347 4.334.954 4.453.623 100,0 ,100,0100,0
I
Productionmondialepartypesdetabac
Produzionemondialepertipiditabacco
Worldproduction bytobaccotype
Welt-Erzeugung nachTabaktypen -
(000T.) Vfo)
1970-74 1975 19761970-7419751976
Fluecured 1.900.336 2.313.432 2.228.860 I40,1•43,141,2
Burley 439.448 562.558 568.755 9,310,410,5
Suncured(Orient)793.446 889.194 945.844 16,816,617,5
Lightaircured 334.636 344.870 361.163 7,16,46,7
IDarkairesuncured1.059.263 ;1.090.544 1.131.801 22,320,320,9
Darkaircured(sigar i)150.378 115.976 109.113 3,22,22,1
Darkfirecured 56.571 52.656 58.890 1,2 I1,01,1'
TOTAL: 4.734.078 5.369.230 5.404.426100,0100,0100,0
Source:FAO

Superficie mondiale desuncured(ORIENT.)
Superficie mondialedisuncured(ORIENT.)
Worldarea:sun-cured tobacco(ORIENT.)
Welt-Anbauflächen vonsuncured(ORIENT.)
Parcontinent /Percontinente /bycontinent /nachKontinenten III
1970-74 1975 1976 I
Ha * Ha%Ha■*
North/NordAmerica/
Amérique 798 0,1 428 748 0,1
South/SudAmerica/
Amérique 564 0,1 924 0,1 350
Europa/Europe 292.795 34,3 316.689 35,1 342.242 35,2
CEE/EEG/EW6 19.487 2,3 24.482 2,7 26.000 2,7
IWest/EuropaOccid.100.120 11,7 117.254 13,0 141.0 14,5
IEast/Europa/dell1Est192.675 22,6 199.435 22,1 201.19820,7
URSS(USSR) 159.005 18,6 174.000 19,3 168.000 17,2
Africa/Afrique 2.974 0,3 3.398 (0,4 3.043 0,3
Asia/Asie 397.917 46,6 406.046 45,1 458.985 47,2
Oceania/Oceanie
TOTAL 854.054 100,00 !901.485 100,00 973.378 100,0
Production mondiale desuncured(ORIENT.)
: ; iv
Produzione mondiale disuncured(ORIENT.)
Worldproduction ofsuncuredtobacco (0RIENT.)
Welt-Erzeugung vonsun-cured (ORIENT.)
Parcontinent /Percontinente /bycontinent /nachKontinenten
Source :F.A.O.
I 1970-74 1975 1976
. ' i(000T.)- %(000T.) (000T.)•*
NordAmerica 808 0,1 423 1.0470,11
ISudAmerica 381 751 0,1 300
Europa 288.434 36,6 360.862 40,6 365.326 38,7
CEE 20.648 2,6 31.364 3,5 29.500 3,1
IEuropaOccid. 94.213 12,0 136.264 15,4 141.070 14,9
Europadell*Est *194.220 24,6 224.598 25,2 224.256 23,8
URSS, 261.058 32,8 278.000 •••31,4 270.000 28,6
Africa/Afrique 1.239 418 1.330|0,1
Asia/Asie 241.528 30,6 247.740 27,8 507.841 32,5
Oceania/Oceanie -
TOTAL793.446 100,00 889.194 100,0 945.844 100,0

-TABACBRUT:Evolution dessuperficies (S)etdelaproduction CP)partypesdetabacdanslaCEE
TABACCOGREGGIO:Evoluzione dellesuperfici (S)edellaproduzione (P)pertipiditabacconellaCEE
RAMTOBACCO:Development ofthearea(S)andproduction (P)bytobaccotypesintheEEC
ROHTABAK :Entwicklung derAnbauflachen (S)undderErzeugung (P)nachTabaktypen inderEWG
Sha ΡtS% Ρ%•sίΙο p4>
1970 1976 1970 1976 1976 1970 1970 1976 1970 1976
IDarkaircured 27.410 30.128 61.968 74.891 +9,9 +20,9 47 33 49 41
ISuncured(Orient.)18.273 30.616 15.310 38.355 +67,5 +150,5 28 34 12 21
ILightaircured 10.576 16.612 33.120 48.338 +57,1 +47,0 16 19 26 27
IFluecured 5.305 8.075 9.406 13.805 +52,9 +46,8 8 9 7 8
IFirecured 4.372 4.443 6.513 5.350 +1,6-17,9 7 5 5 3
Autre/Altri/
Other/Andere60 332 82 531+453,3 +547,6 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 65.996 90.206 126.399 181.270 +36,7 +43,4 100 100 100 100
Source :VI-D-3

SUNCURED(ORIENT.):Evolution dessuperficies (S),durendement (R)etdelaproduction (P)danslaCEE
SUNCURED(0RIENT.):Evoluzione dellesuperfici (S),dellerese(R)edellaproduzione (P)nellaCEE
SUNCURED(ORIENT..):Development ofarea(S),yield.(R)andproduction (P)intheEEC
SUNCURED(ORIENT.):Entwicklung derAnbauflächen (S),Erträge (R)undErzeugung (P)inderEWG
*Variétés/Varieta
\Varieties/Sorten .
• •70 71 72 73 74 75 76
• •• •
: S:8.064 :7.314 :5.565 :5.$45 :6.186 :7.422 :a
9.238 :7.500 :
:XANTYYAKA R:8,0 :7,1 :8„4 :10,8 :10,1 :11,1 :11,5 :9,6 :
: Ρ:
■ •6.439 :5.197 :
«4.656 :5.472 :
i a6.224 :8.275 :
. a10.601 ::7.200 :
• a
• ι
St a
;3.490 !3.926 4.043 '4.730 '4.875 "7.518 8.112 ;'7.000 ;
•PERUSTITZA R"9,8 9,1 12,3 !10,3 13,1 :13,7 ;:12,6 :9/1
: ρ:
• ι'3.424 ;3.580 i4.962 ;;4.892 ;;6.370 :
» <'10.263 i'10.244 6.400
S::6.719 :6.834 :9.301 :11.218 :9.889 :9.542»
:13.266■ •
:12.500 :
:ERZEGOVINA R::8,1 :8,3 :10,9 :10,7 :10,4 :13,4 :13,2 :9,6 :
: Ρ:5.447 :5.666 :10.109 :11.985 :10.309 :12.826 :17.510 :12.000 :
S
"TOTAL R
ΡI
18.273
8,4
15.31018.074
8,0
14.44318.909
10,4
19.72720.993
10,6'
22.34920.950
10,9
22.90324.482
12,8
31.36430.616
12,5
38.35527.000
9,5 :
25.600 !
Source:VI-D-3
(S)=ha
(R)=100kg/ha
(P)=tonnes -
(P)provisóire ,provvisorio ,provisionai ,vorl3ufig

VII
SUN•OURED(ORIENT)-Evolution delaProduction etdesEchanges
Evoluzione dellaProduzione edegliScambi
Development oftheProduction andTrade
Entwicklung derErzeugung unddesHandels
Xanti :Perustitza ::Erzegovina :TOTAL :
1:Production
9:Export (intra)
7: (extra)
0:dontRestitut .6.439
223.424
4
65.447 :15.310
26
6
1:Production
9:Export(intra)
7: (extra)
1:dontRestitut .5.197
200
5743.580
69
2535.666
22
53414.443
291
1.361
1:Production
9:Export (intra)
7: (extra)
2:dontRestitut .4.656
501
1.9214.962
1.175
1.09110.109
1.714
1.38819.727
3.390
4.400
1:Production
9:Export(intra)
7: (extra)
3:dontRestitut .5.472
1.223
4.0964.892
1.033
2.88711.985
3.270
5.60022.349 t
5.526:
12.583 :
1:Production
9:Export(intra)
7: (extra)
4:dontRestitut .6.224
1.362
3.488
2.6956.370
1.072
3.630
2.62110.309
2.188
3.68922.903
4.622
10.807
5.216
1:Production
9:Export (intra)
7: (extra)
5:dontRestitut .8.275
1.143
3.342
3.13010.263
1.176
3.421
3.39712.826
1.400
3.751
2.92431.364
3.719
10.514
9.451
P­
:1:Production
:9:Export(intra)
:7: (extra)
:6:dontRestitut . :10.601
964
1.279
1.27910.244
464
737
73717.510
1.254
1.520
1.52038.355
2.682
3.536
3.536
p.
1:Production
9:Export(intra)
7: (extra)
7:dontRestitut .;7.200 .6.400 12.000 25.600
Situation 4/1978
p=provisoire -provvisorio -provisionai -vorlàufig .

VIII
RAPPORT ENTRE PRODUCTION ETINTERVENTION DES VARIETES
RELAZIONE TRA LAPRODUZIONE EL'INTERVENTO DELLE VARIETÀ
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRODUCTION AND INTERVENTION FOR THE VARIETIES
VERH3LTHIS ZWISCHEN ERZECKJDUG UND INTERTEUTIOIT DEBSORTEN
XANTI-YAKA (X),PERUSTITZA (P)&ERZEGOVINA (E)
Production : Intervention !I:P% :
: 1970 Χ : 6.439 : 3.028 : 47 :
Γ3.424 : 464 :: 14 :
E 5.447 :221 4 :
: TOTAL 15.310 : 3.713 24 :
: 1971 Χ : 5.197 : 3.798 : 73 :
Ρ : 3.580 : 632 : 18 :
E : 5.666 :180 : 3 :
: TOTALm 14.443 : 4.610 :: 32 :
: 1972 Χ : 4.656 : 552 : 12 :
Ρ : 4.962 : 376 : 8 :
■ E : 10.109 : 848 : 8 :
: TOTAL 19.727 : 1.776 : 9 :
: 1973 X : 5.472
■ Ρ : 4.892
h E : 11.985
: TOTAL 22.349
: 1974 X : 6.224
Ρ : 6.370
E : 10.309
: TOTAL• '
m
l ,22.903
: 1975 X : 8.275 : 133 : 2 :
Ρ : 10.263 : 171 :2:
E :12.826 : 829 : 6 :
: TOTAL 31.364 : 1.133 : 4 :
: 1976 X :10.601 : 2.532 : 24 :
Ρ : 10.244 : 3.683 : 36 :
E : 17.510 : 6.809 : 39 :
: TOTAL 38.355 : 13.024 : 34 :
: 1977 p. X : 7.200» a •
■ m
m
m Ρ : 6.400 : '500-800 : 8-13 :
E12.000 :2.000-3.000 : 17-25 :
: TOTAL 25.600 :2.500-3.200 : 8-15 :
Source :AIMA
p.=provisoire -provvisorio -provisional -vorläufig .

IX
Prixmoyensàlaproductiondanstazonetypique(Lecce)
Prezzimediallaproduzionenellazonatipica(Lecce)
Averageproductionpricesintherepresentati vezone(Lecce)
MittlereErzeugerpreise imHauptanbaugebiet (Lecce)
LIT/100kg
Variétés/Varieta
"Varieties/Sorten1970 1971
ι197219731974 1975
ι
«1976
XANTYYAKA
PERUSTITZA
ERZEGOVINA88.980
74.200
69.17091.560
79.960
72.20095.010
87.050
79.300110.890
106.710
89.490161.350
145.580
126.620234.295
229.593
176.250*
164.475
144.550
122.415
:0 :78.925 ::81.935 ::84.970 ::98.180 ::141.570 ::205.340 ::154.100:
?ν.• /% 4I ■:+3.8%::+3,7%::+15,5%::+44,2%::+45,0%:25,0%:
Source:Donnéesprofessionnelles
Dati.professionali
Commercial informations
Berufsstândische Angaben

Suncured(Orient.)Evolution desprixd'objectif CPOF)etde.laprime(PRF)
Suncured(Orient.)Evoluzione deipre2zi:d'objectivo (PQF)edelpremio(PRF)
Suncured(Oriental tonnes)Development oftargetprices(POF)andpremiins
Suncured(Orient.)EntwicKlung derZielpreise (POF)undPràmien (PRF)
POF i■
PRFι IiroV, uc/ufindiceLit/kgindiceUC/UfIindiceILit/KgIindiceI
IXanti-îYara | iI–I
I1970 I2,125 1001.328 100I1,190I100I744-'100I
I 710« II •III MI
72 2,168 1021,355 102 1,435 121 857 121I«II •I1..409 106 I II II933 125I
I 74 2,325 1101,940 146M 'iII1.195 161
75II2,052 155 1,445 121 1,273 171
76 2,422 1142,332 176 1,459 1231.405 189I
77 2,434 1152.587 195 1,474 124 1>567 211
78Il I II
|2.809212 1,494 12611.724 ι232I
IPerustitza I
I197°. 1,953 1001.221 100 1,128 100705 100I
71II II II II II II ai »i
72 2,031 1041,269 104 1,328 118830 118I
73 2,051 1051,333 109 1,348 120876 124I
74 2,206 1131,838 151 1,123 159I
75II II1,943 159 1,358 1201/196 170I
76 2,294 117 2,209 191 1,372 1221*321 187I
77c 2,305 1182.450 201 1,399 124|1•487 211I
78L_i«2,.660 218 1,419 12611j638 232
IErzegovina I
I1970 1.749 1001.093 100 1,070 100669 100 I
71II II II H
72 1,819 104 1,137 104 1,184 111740 111
73 1/837 105 1194 109 1,202 112 781 117
74 1,981 1131,650 151II1,001 150 I
75M M1,745 160 1,230 1151,084 162 I
76 2,060 1181.984 182 1,242 116 1,196 179
77 2,070 1182,200 201 1,254 1171,333 199
Jï I"2,389 219
:ιi*447 216
:Ource:
yi-