5. In accordance with Headnote 1.8. non-discriminatory requirements as regards the types of legal form of an establishment are not included in the list below.

6. The rights and obligations arising from this list of commitments shall have no self-executing effect and thus confer no rights directly to individual natural persons or juridical persons.



Sector or sub-sector Description of reservations

ALL SECTORS Real estate In AT, BG, CY, CZ, DK, EE, ES, EL, FI, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LV, MT, PL, RO, SI, SK: Limitations on acquisition of land and real estate by foreign investors

ALL SECTORS Public utilities EU: Services considered as public utilities at a national or local level may be subject to public monopolies or to exclusive rights granted to private operators.

ALL SECTORS Types of establishment EU: Treatment accorded to subsidiaries (of third country companies) formed in accordance with the law of a Member State and having their registered office, central administration or principal place of business within the European Union is not extended to branches or agencies established in a Member State by a third country company. In BG: Establishment of branches is subject to authorisation In EE: At least one half of the members of the management board shall have their residence in the EU. In FI: A foreigner carrying on trade as a partner in a Finnish limited or general partnership needs a trade permit and has to be permanently resident in the EU. For all sectors except telecommunications services, nationality condition and residency requirement for at least half of the ordinary and deputy members of the Board of Directors. Company exemptions may, however, be granted. If a foreign organization intends to carry on a business or trade by establishing a branch in Finland, a trade permit is required. A permission to act as a founder of a limited company is required of a foreign organization or a private person, who is not an EU Citizen. For telecommunications services, permanent residency for half of the founders and half of the members of the board of directors. If the founder is a juridical person, residence requirement for that juridical person. In IT: Access to industrial, commercial and artisanal activities is subject to a residence permit and specific authorisation to pursue the activity

In BG, PL: The scope of operations of a representative office may only encompass advertising and promotion of the foreign mother company represented by the office. In PL: With the exception of financial services, unbound for branches. Non-EU investors can undertake and conduct economic activity only in the form of a limited partnership, limited joint-stock partnership, limited liability company, and joint-stock company (in the case of legal services only in the form of registered partnership and limited partnership). In RO: The sole administrator or the chairman of the Board of Administration as well as half of the total number of administrators of the commercial companies shall be Romanian citizens unless otherwise stipulated in the company contract or its statutes. The majority of the commercial companies' auditors and their deputies shall be Romanian citizens. In SE: A foreign company, which has not established a legal entity in Sweden or is conducting its business through a commercial agent, shall conduct its commercial operations through a branch, registered in Sweden, with independent management and separate accounts. The managing director, and the vice-managing director if appointed, of the branch must reside in the EEA. A natural person not resident in the EEA, who conducts commercial operations in Sweden, shall appoint and register a resident representative responsible for the operations in Sweden. Separate accounts shall be kept for the operations in Sweden. The competent authority may in individual cases grant exemptions from the branch and residency requirements. Building projects with duration of less than a year - conducted by a company located or a natural person residing outside the EEA - are exempted from the requirements of establishing a branch or appointing a resident representative. A Swedish limited liability company may be established by a natural person resident within the EEA, by a Swedish legal person or by a legal person that has been formed according to the legislation in a state within the EEA and that has its registered office, headquarters or principal place of business within the EEA. A partnership may be a founder, only if all owners with unlimited personal liability are resident within the EEA. Founders outside the EEA may apply for permission from the competent authority. For limited liability companies and co-operative economic associations, at least 50 % of the members of the board of directors, at least 50% of the deputy board members, the managing director, the vice-managing director, and at least one of the persons authorised to sign for the company, if any, must reside within the EEA. The competent authority may grant exemptions from this requirement. If none of the company’s/society’s representatives reside in Sweden, the board must appoint and register a person resident in Sweden, who has been authorised to receive servings on behalf of the company/society. Corresponding conditions prevail for establishment of all other types of legal entities. In SI: The establishment of branches by foreign companies is conditioned with the registration of the parent company in a court register in the country of origin for at least one year. In SK: A foreign natural person whose name is to be registered in the Commercial Register as a person authorized to act on behalf of the entrepreneur is required to submit a residence permit for the Slovak Republic.

ALL SECTORS Investment In ES: Investment in Spain by foreign government and foreign public entities (which tends to imply, besides economic, also noneconomic interests to entity's part), directly or through companies or other entities controlled directly or indirectly by foreign governments, need prior authorisation by the government.

In BG: In enterprises where the public (State or municipal) share in the equity capital exceeds 30 per cent, the transfer of these shares to third parties needs authorisation. Certain economic activities related to the exploitation or use of State or public property are subject to concessions granted under the provisions of the Concessions Act. Foreign investors cannot participate in privatisation. Foreign investors and Bulgarian juridical persons with controlling foreign participation require permission for a) prospecting, development or extraction of natural resources from the territorial sea, the continental shelf or the exclusive economic zone and b) acquisition of a controlling participation in companies engaged in any of the activities specified under a). In FR: Foreign purchases exceeding 33,33 per cent of the shares of capital or voting rights in existing French enterprise, or 20 per cent in publicly quoted French companies, are subject to the following regulations: - investments of less than 7.6 million Euros in French enterprises with a turnover not exceeding 76 million Euros are free, after a delay of 15 days following prior notification and verification that these amounts are met; - after a period of one month following prior notification, authorisation is tacitly granted for other investments unless the Minister of Economic Affairs has, in exceptional circumstances, exercised its right to postpone the investment. Foreign participation in newly privatized companies may be limited to a variable amount, determined by the government of France on a case by case basis, of the equity offered to the public. For establishing in certain commercial, industrial or artisanal activities, a specific authorisation is needed if the managing director is not holder of a permanent residence permit. In FI: Acquisition of shares by foreign owners giving more than one third of the voting rights of a major Finnish company or a major business undertaking (with more than 1000 employees or with a turnover exceeding 168 million Euros or with a balance sheet total exceeding 168 million Euros) is subject to confirmation by the Finnish authorities; the confirmation may be denied only if an important national interest would be jeopardized. These limitations do not apply to telecommunications services In HU: Unbound for foreign participation in newly privatized companies In IT: Exclusive rights may be granted or maintained to newlyprivatized companies. Voting rights in newly privatized companies may be restricted in some cases. For a period of five years, the acquisition of large equity stakes of companies operating in the fields of defence, transport services, telecommunications and energy may be subject to the approval of the competent authorities.

ALL SECTORS Geographical zones In FI: In the Åland Islands, limitations on the right of establishment by natural persons who do not enjoy regional citizenship in Åland or by any juridical person without permission by the competent authorities of the Åland Islands. In ES: Full admission to the Bar, required for the practice of legal services in respect of domestic (EU and Member State) law, including representation before courts. Only EEA or Swiss nationals may be admitted to the Bar, and are thus entitled to provide legal services in respect of domestic law.

1. BUSINESS SERVICES

A. Professional Services

a) Legal Services (CPC 861) (excluding legal advisory and legal documentations and certification services provided by legal professionals entrusted with public functions, such as notaries, huissiers de justice or other officiers publics et ministériels) In AT: Foreign lawyers' (who must be fully qualified in their home country) equity participation and shares in the operating result of any law firm may not exceed 25 per cent. They may not have decisive influence in decision making. In BE: Quotas apply for appearing before the "Cour de cassation" in non-criminal cases. In CY: Full admission to the Bar is subject to a nationality condition, coupled with a residency requirement. Only advocates enrolled in the Bar may be partners or shareholders or members of the Board of Directors in a law company in Cyprus. In HR:. Representation of parties before courts can be practised only by the members of the Bar Council of Croatia (Croatian title “odvjetnici”). Citizenship requirement for membership in the Bar Council. In FR: Lawyers' access to the profession of "avocat auprès de la Cour de Cassation" et "avocat auprès du Conseil d'Etat" is subject to quotas. In DK: Only lawyers with a Danish license to practice and law firms registered in Denmark may own shares in a Danish law firm. Only lawyers with a Danish license to practise may sit on the board or be part of the management of a Danish law firm. Requirement of a Danish legal examination in order to obtain a Danish licence. In FR: Some types of legal form ("association d'avocats" and "société en participation d'avocat") are reserved to lawyers fully admitted to the Bar in FR. In a law firm providing services in respect of French or EU law, at least 75 per cent of the partners holding 75 per cent of the shares shall be lawyers fully admitted to the Bar in FR. In HU: Commercial presence should take the form of partnership with a Hungarian barrister (ügyvéd) or a barrister's office (ügyvédi iroda), or representative office. In PL: While other types of legal form are available for EU lawyers, foreign lawyers only have access to the legal forms of registered partnership and limited partnership. Legal advisory and legal representational services on tax matters shall only be performed by specific entities such as tax advisors, legal advisors and barristers – registered in Poland. Legal entities, can provide tax advisory only in the legal form of limited liability companies or joint stock companies, registered in Poland.

b) 1. Accounting and Bookkeeping Services (CPC 86212 other than "auditing services", CPC 86213, CPC 86219 and CPC 86220) In AT: Foreign accountants' (who must be authorised according to the law of their home country) equity participation and shares in the operating results of any Austrian legal entity may not exceed 25 per cent, if they are not members of the Austrian Professional Body In CY: Access is subject to economic needs test. Main criteria: the employment situation in the sub-sector. In DK: In order to enter into partnerships with Danish authorised accountants, foreign accountants have to obtain permission from the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency.

b) 2. Auditing services (CPC 86211 and 86212 other than accounting services) In AT: Foreign auditors' (who must be authorised according to the law of their home country) equity participation and shares in the operating results of any Austrian legal entity may not exceed 25 per cent, if they are not members of the Austrian Professional Body In CY: Access is subject to economic needs test. Main criteria: the employment situation in the sub-sector. In CZ and SK: At least 60 per cent of capital share or voting rights are reserved to nationals In CZ: Only auditors approved in the Czech Republic may perform auditing services. In legal entities the majority of voting shares must belong to the auditors approved in the Czech Republic. The majority of persons in a statutory body must be of the auditors approved in the Czech Republic. In DK: In order to enter into partnerships with Danish authorised accountants, foreign accountant have to obtain permission from the Danish Commerce and Companies Agency In ES: Condition of nationality for statutory auditors and for administrators, directors and partners of companies other than those covered by the 8th EEC directive on company law. In FI: Residency requirement for at least one of the auditors of a Finnish Liability company In HR: None, except that auditing can be performed only by legal persons. In LV: In a commercial company of sworn auditors more than 50 per cent of the voting capital shares shall be owned by sworn auditors or commercial companies of sworn auditors of the EU. In LT: Not less than 75 per cent of shares should belong to EU auditors or auditing companies. In SE: Statutory audit in listed companies and companies exceeding certain thresholds concerning turnover, total assets and number of employees must be performed by public auditors authorised in Sweden. Residency within the EEA or Switzerland is required for authorisation or approval. Only auditors approved in Sweden may perform statutory auditing services in certain legal entities, including in all limited companies, as well as of physical persons. Only auditors approved in Sweden, and registered public accounting firms, may be shareholders or form partnerships in companies which practice qualified auditing (for official purposes). Residency within the EEA or Switzerland is required for approval. The titles of “approved auditor” and “authorised auditor” may only be used by auditors approved or authorised in Sweden. In SI: The share of foreign persons in auditing companies may not exceed 49 per cent of the equity.

c) Taxation Advisory Services (CPC 863) In AT: Foreign tax advisors' (who must be authorised according to the law of their home country) equity participation and shares in the operating results of any Austrian legal entity may not exceed 25 per cent; this applies only to non-members of the Austrian Professional Body In CY: Access is subject to economic needs test. Main criteria: the employment situation in the sub-sector. In CZ: Taxation services may be provided by natural persons only who are registered in the list of the Chamber of Tax Consultants or in the Chamber of Auditors.

d) Architectural services and e) Urban planning and landscape architectural services (CPC 8671 and CPC 8674) In BG: For projects of national or regional significance, foreign investors have to act in partnership with or as subcontractors of local investors. In CY: Unbound In LV: For architectural services, in order to receive a licence enabling to engage in business activity with full range of legal responsibility and rights to sign a project, practice of 3 years in Latvia in the field of projecting and university degree are required. In SK: Membership in relevant chamber is obligatory; membership in relevant foreign institutions may be recognised. Residency requirement, however exceptions might be considered.

f) Engineering services and g) Integrated engineering services (CPC 8672 and CPC 8673) In BG: For projects of national or regional significance, foreign investors have to act in partnership with or as subcontractors of local investors. In CY: Unbound

h) Medical (including psychologists) and Dental services (CPC 9312 and part of CPC 85201) In AT: Unbound except for dental services and for psychologists and psychotherapists, where: none In DE: Economic needs test when medical doctors and dentists are authorized to treat members of public insurance schemes. Main criteria: shortage of doctors and dentists in the given region. In CY, CZ, FI: Unbound In FR: While other types of legal form are available for EU investors, foreign investors only have access to the legal forms of "société d'exercice liberal" and "société civile professionnelle". In LV: Economic needs test. Main criteria: shortage of doctors and dentists in the given region. In BG, LT: The supply of service is subject to authorisation which is based on a health services plan established in function of needs, taking into account the population and already existing medical and dental services. In SI: Unbound for social medicine, sanitary, epidemiological, medical/ecological services; the supply of blood, blood preparations and transplants; autopsy In UK: Establishment for doctors under the National Health Service is subject to medical manpower planning.

i) Veterinary services (CPC 932) In AT, CY: Unbound In CZ: Access is restricted to natural persons only. In BG: Economic needs test. Main criteria: population and density of existing business In HU: Economic needs test. Main criteria: labour market conditions in the sector

j) 1. Midwives services (part of CPC 93191) In BG, CY, CZ, FI, MT, SI: Unbound In FR: While other types of legal form are available for EU investors, foreign investors only have access to the legal forms of "société d'exercice liberal" and "société civile professionnelle". In LT: Economic needs test may be applied. Main criteria: employment situation in the sub-sector

j) 2. Services provided by Nurses, Physiotherapists and Paramedical Personnel (part of CPC 93191) In AT: Foreign investors are only allowed in the following activities: nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, logotherapists, dieticians and nutricians In BG, CY, CZ, MT: Unbound In FI, SI: Unbound for Physiotherapists and Paramedical Personnel In FR: While other types of legal form are available for EU investors, foreign investors only have access to the legal forms of "société d'exercice liberal" and "société civile professionnelle". In LT: Economic needs test may be applied. Main criteria: employment situation in the sub-sector In LV: Economic needs test for foreign physiotherapists and paramedical personnel. Main criteria: employment situation in the given region.

k) Retail sales of pharmaceuticals and retail sales of medical and orthopaedical goods (CPC 63211) and other services supplied by pharmacists In AT, BG, CY, FI, MT, PL, RO, SE, SI: Unbound In BE, DE, DK, EE, FR, IT, HR, HU, IE, LV, PT, SK: Authorisation is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: population and geographical density of existing pharmacies. In ES: Access restricted to natural persons only. Monopoly for pharmacists of supply of pharmaceuticals to the general public. Establishment of new pharmacies is subject to an economic needs test.

B. Computer and Related Services (CPC 84) None





C. Research and Development Services a) R and D services on natural sciences (CPC 851) b) R and D services on Social Sciences and Humanities (CPC 852 excluding psychologists services) c) Interdisciplinary R and D services (CPC 853) EU: For publicly funded R and D services, exclusive rights and/or authorisations can only be granted to EU nationals and to EU juridical persons having their headquarters in the EU

D. Real Estate Services

a) Involving Own or Leased Property (CPC 821) None

b) On a Fee or Contract Basis (CPC 822) None In CY: Unbound

E. Rental/Leasing Services without Operators

a) Relating to Ships (CPC 83103) In CY: Reservations on the maximum level of non-EU ownership in a ship. In LT: Ships must be owned by Lithuanian natural persons or companies established in Lithuania. In SE: To fly the Swedish flag proof of dominating Swedish operating influence must be shown in case of foreign ownership interests in ships.

b) Relating to Aircraft (CPC 83104) EU: Aircraft used by air carriers of the European Union have to be registered in the Member State licensing the air carrier or elsewhere in the European Union. The aircraft must be owned either by natural persons meeting specific nationality criteria or by juridical persons meeting specific criteria regarding ownership of capital and control (including nationality of directors).

c) Relating to Other Transport Equipment (CPC 83101, CPC 83102 and CPC 83105) None

d) Relating to Other Machinery and Equipment (CPC 83106, CPC 83107, CPC 83108 and CPC 83109) None

e) Relating to personal and household goods (CPC 832) In AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, EL, IE, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SE, SK, UK: Unbound for CPC 83202

f) Telecommunications equipment rental (CPC 7541) None

F. Other Business Services

a) Advertising (CPC 871) None

b) Market Research and Opinion Polling (CPC 864) None

c) Management Consulting Services (CPC 865) None

d) Services Related to Management Consulting (CPC 866) In HU: Unbound for arbitration and conciliation services (CPC 86602).

e) Technical Testing and Analysis Services (CPC 8676) None In CY: Unbound for Chemists and Biologists

f) Advisory and Consulting services incidental to Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry (part of CPC 881) None

g) Advisory and Consulting Services Relating to Fishing (part of CPC 882) None

h) Advisory and Consulting Services incidental to Manufacturing (part of CPC 884 and part of CPC 885) None

i) Placement and Supply Services of Personnel

i) 1. Executive search (CPC 87201) In BG, CY, CZ, DE, EE, FI, HR, LV, LT, MT, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI: Unbound In ES: Prior to the start of the activity, placement agencies are required to submit a sworn statement certifying the fulfilment of the requirements stated by the current legislation.

i) 2. Placement Services (CPC 87202) In AT, BG, CY, CZ, EE, FI, HR, LV, LT, MT, PL, PT, RO, SK: Unbound In BE, FR, IT: State monopoly In DE: Authorisation is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: situation and development of the labour market

i) 3. Supply Services of office support personnel (CPC 87203) In AT, BG, CY, CZ, DE, EE, FI, HR, LV, LT, MT, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI: Unbound In IT: State monopoly

i) 4 Model agency Services (part of CPC 87209) None. In CY: Unbound

j) 1. Investigation Services (CPC 87301) In BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, ES, EE, FR, EL, HR, HU, IE, IT, LV, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI: Unbound

j) 2. Security Services (CPC 87302, CPC 87303, CPC 87304 and CPC 87305) In DK: Requirement of nationality and residence for members of the board. Unbound for the supply of airport guard services In BG, CY, CZ, EE, FI, LV, LT, MT, PL, RO, SI, SK: Licence may be granted only to nationals and to national registered organisations In ES: The provision of security services by a foreign provider on a cross-border basis is not allowed. Nationality condition for natural and juridical persons and for private security personnel. In HR: Unbound.

k) Related Scientific and Technical Consulting Services (CPC 8675) In FR: Foreign investors require a specific authorisation for exploration and prospecting services

l) 1. Maintenance and repair of vessels (part of CPC 8868) None

l) 2. Maintenance and Repair of Rail Transport Equipment (part of CPC 8868) In LV: State monopoly In SE: Economic needs tests apply when an investor intends to establish its own terminal infrastructure facilities. Main criteria: space and capacity constraints.

l) 3. Maintenance and Repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, snowmobiles and road transport Equipment (CPC 6112, CPC 6122, part of CPC 8867 and part of CPC 8868) In SE: Economic needs tests apply when an investor intends to establish its own terminal infrastructure facilities. Main criteria: space and capacity constraints

l) 4. Maintenance and Repair of Aircraft and parts thereof (part of CPC 8868) None

l) 5. Maintenance and Repair services of metal products, of (non office) machinery, of (non transport and non office) equipment and of personal and household goods (CPC 633, CPC 7545, CPC 8861, CPC 8862, CPC 8864, CPC 8865 and CPC 8866) None

m) Building-Cleaning Services (CPC 874) None

n) Photographic Services (CPC 875) None

o) Packaging Services (CPC 876) None

p) Printing and Publishing (CPC 88442) In HR: Residency requirements for publisher and editorial board. In LT, LV: Establishment rights in publishing sector granted only to nationally incorporated juridical persons (no branches) In PL: Nationality requirement for the editor-in-chief of newspapers and journals In SE: Natural persons who are owners of periodicals that are printed and published in Sweden must reside in Sweden or be citizens of the EEA. Owners of such periodicals who are juridical persons must be established in the EEA. Periodicals that are printed and published in Sweden, and technical recordings must have a responsible editor, who must be domiciled in Sweden.

q) Convention Services (part of CPC 87909) None

r) 1. Translation and Interpretation Services (CPC 87905) In DK: Authorisation for authorised public translators and interpreters may limit the scope of activity In HR: Unbound for translation and interpretation services for/before Croatian courts. In PL: Unbound for the supply of sworn interpretation services In BG, HU, SK: Unbound for official translation and interpretation

r) 2. Interior Design and other Specialty Design Services (CPC 87907) None

r) 3. Collection Agency Services (CPC 87902) In IT, PT: Nationality condition for investors In CZ: Unbound

r) 4. Credit reporting services (CPC 87901) In BE: For consumer credit databanks, nationality condition for investors In IT, PT: Nationality condition for investors

r) 5. Duplicating services (CPC 87904) None

r) 6. Telecommunications consulting services (CPC 7544) None

r) 7. Telephone answering services (CPC 87903) None

2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES

A. Postal and Courier Services (Services relating to the handling of postal items according to the following list of sub-sectors, whether for domestic or foreign destinations: (i) Handling of addressed written communications on any kind of physical medium , including Hybrid mail service and Direct mail, (ii) Handling of addressed parcels and packages , iii) Handling of addressed press products , (iv) Handling of items referred to in (i) to (iii) above as registered or insured mail, (v) Express delivery services for items referred to in (i) to (iii) above, vi) Handling of nonaddressed items, (vii) Document exchange None

Sub-sectors (i), (iv) and (v) are however excluded when they fall into the scope of the services which may be reserved, which is: for items of correspondence the price of which is less than 2.5 times the public basic tariff, provided that they weigh less than 50 grams , plus the registered mail service used in the course of judicial or administrative procedures.) (part of CPC 751, part of CPC 71235 and part of CPC 73210 )

B. Telecommunications Services These services do not cover the economic activity consisting of the provision of content which requires telecommunications services for its transport

a) All services consisting of the transmission and reception of signals by any electromagnetic means , excluding broadcasting None

b) Satellite broadcast transmission services EU: service suppliers in this sector may be subject to obligations to safeguard general interest objectives related to the conveyance of content through their network in line with the EU regulatory framework for electronic communications In BE: Unbound

3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES (CPC 511, CPC 512, CPC 513, CPC 514, CPC 515, CPC 516, CPC 517 and CPC 518) In BG: For projects of national or regional significance, foreign investors have to act in partnership of as subcontractors of local investors In CY: Unbound

4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES (excluding distribution of arms, munitions, explosives and other war material) All sub-sectors mentioned below In AT: Unbound for distribution of pyrotechnical goods, of ignitable articles and blasting devices and of toxic substances. For the distribution of pharmaceutical products and of tobacco products, exclusive rights and/or authorisations can only be granted to EU nationals and to EU juridical persons having their headquarters in the EU. In FI: Unbound for distribution of alcoholic beverages and wholesale of pharmaceutical products. In HR: Unbound for distribution of tobacco products.

A. Commission Agents' Services

a) Commission Agents' Services of motor vehicles, motorcycles and snowmobiles and parts and accessories thereof (part of CPC 61111, part of CPC 6113 and part of CPC 6121 ) None

b) Other Commission Agents' Services (CPC 621) None

B. Wholesale Trade Services

a) Wholesale Trade Services of motor vehicles, motorcycles and snowmobiles and parts and accessories thereof (part of CPC 61111, part of CPC 6113 and part of CPC 6121 ) None

b) Wholesale Trade Services of telecommunication terminal equipment (part of CPC 7542) None

c) Other wholesale trade services (CPC 622 excluding wholesale trade services of energy products ) In FR, IT: State monopoly on tobacco In FR: Authorisation of wholesale pharmacies is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: population and geographical density of existing pharmacies.

C. Retailing Services Retailing Services of motor vehicles, motorcycles and snowmobiles and parts and accessories thereof (CPC 61112, part of CPC 6113 and part of CPC 6121 ) Retailing Services of telecommunication terminal equipment (part of CPC 7542) Food retailing services (CPC 631) (Retailing services of other (nonenergy) goods, except retail sales of pharmaceutical, medical and orthopaedic goods (CPC 632 excluding CPC 63211 and 63297) In IT: State monopoly on tobacco In ES: State monopoly on tobacco. Establishment is subject to an EU nationality condition. Only natural persons (tobacconists) are permitted to provide retail services of tobacco products. Each tobacconist cannot obtain more than one license, and cannot have professional or employment relationship with any of the importers, manufacturers or wholesale distributors of tobacco products, unless such linkage ends before the final award of the license. In BE, BG, DK, FR, IT, MT, PT: Authorisation for department stores (in the case of FR only for large stores) is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing stores, population density, geographic spread, impact on traffic conditions and creation of new employment. In IE, SE: Unbound for the retail sale of alcoholic beverages

D. Franchising (CPC 8929) None

5. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES (only privately funded services)

A. Primary Education Services (CPC 921) B. Secondary Education Services (CPC 922) C. Higher Education Services (CPC 923) D. Adult Education Services (CPC 924) EU: Participation of private operators in the education network is subject to concession In AT: Unbound for higher education services. Unbound for education services for adults by means of radio or television broadcasting In BG: Unbound for the supply of primary and/or secondary education services by foreign natural persons and associations and for the supply of higher education services In CZ, SK: Nationality condition for majority of members of the Board. Unbound for the supply of higher education services except for post-secondary technical and vocational education services (CPC 92310). In CY, FI, MT, RO, SE: Unbound In EL: Nationality condition for majority of members of the Board in primary and secondary schools. Unbound for higher education institutions granting recognised States diplomas In ES, IT: Needs test for opening private universities authorised to issue recognised diplomas or degrees; procedure involves an advice of the Parliament. Main criteria: population and density of existing establishments In HR: Unbound for Primary Education Services (CPC 921). For Secondary Education Services: None for legal persons. In HU, SK: The number of schools being established may be limited by local authorities (or in the case of high schools and other higher education institutions by central authorities) in charge of granting licenses In LV: Unbound for the supply of education services relating to technical and vocational secondary school-type education services for handicapped students (CPC 9224) In SI: Unbound for primary schools. Nationality condition for majority of members of the Board in secondary and high schools

E. Other education services (CPC 929) In AT, BE, BG, CY, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LV, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SE, UK: Unbound In CZ, SK: Participation of private operators in the education network is subject to concession. Nationality condition for majority of members of the Board

6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

A. Waste Water Services (CPC 9401) B. Solid/hazardous waste management, excluding cross-border transport of hazardous waste a) Refuse Disposal Services (CPC 9402) b) Sanitation and Similar Services (CPC 9403) C. Protection of ambient air and climate (CPC 9404) D. Remediation and clean up of soil and waters a) Treatment, remediation of contaminated/polluted soil and water (part of CPC 9406) E. Noise and vibration abatement (CPC 9405) F. Protection of biodiversity and landscape a) Nature and landscape protection services (part of CPC 9406) G. Other environmental and ancillary services (CPC 9409) None

7. FINANCIAL SERVICES

A. Insurance and insurance-related services In AT: The licence for branch offices of foreign insurers has to be denied if the insurer, in the home country, does not have a legal form corresponding or comparable to a joint stock company or a mutual insurance association. In BG, ES: Before establishing a branch or agency in Bulgaria or Spain to provide certain classes of insurance, a foreign insurer must have been authorised to operate in the same classes of insurance in its country of origin for at least five years. In EL: The right of establishment does not cover the creation of representative offices or other permanent presence of insurance companies, except where such offices are established as agencies, branches or head offices. In FI: At least one half of the promoters and members of the board of directors and the supervisory board of an insurance company shall have their place of residence in the EU, unless the competent authorities have granted an exemption. Foreign insurers cannot get a licence in Finland as a branch to carry on statutory pension insurance. In IT: The authorisation of the establishment of branches is ultimately subject to the evaluation of supervisory authorities. In BG, PL: Local incorporation (no branches) required for insurance intermediaries. In PT: In order to establish a branch in Portugal, foreign insurance companies need to demonstrate prior operational experience of at least five years. Direct branching is not permitted for insurance intermediation, which is reserved to companies formed in accordance with the law of an EU Member State. In SK: Foreign national may establish an insurance company in the form of a joint stock company or may conduct insurance business through their subsidiaries with registered office in the Slovak Republic (no branches). In SI: Foreign investors cannot participate in insurance companies under privatisation. Membership of the mutual insurance institution is limited to companies established in the Republic of Slovenia (no branches) and domestic natural persons. For providing consultancy and claim settlement services, incorporation is required as a legal entity (no branches). For sole proprietors, a residence in the Republic of Slovenia is required. In SE: Insurance broking undertakings not incorporated in Sweden may establish only through a branch.

B. Banking and other financial services (excluding insurance) EU: Only firms having their registered office in the European Union can act as depositories of the assets of investment funds. The establishment of a specialised management company, having its head office and registered office in the same Member State, is required to perform the activities of management of unit trusts and investment companies In BG: Pension insurance shall be implemented through participation in incorporated pension insurance companies (no branches). Permanent residence in Bulgaria is required for the chairperson of the management board and the chairperson of the board of directors. In CY: Only members (brokers) of the Cyprus Stock Exchange can undertake business pertaining to securities brokerage in Cyprus. A brokerage firm may only be registered as a member of the Cyprus Stock Exchange if it has been established and registered in accordance with the Companies Law of Cyprus (no branches) In FI: At least one half of the founders, the members of the board of directors, at least one ordinary and one deputy member of the supervisory board and the person entitled to sign in the name of the credit institution shall have their permanent residence in the EU. Exemption from these requirements may be granted by the competent authorities. In HR: None, except for settlement and clearing services where the Central Depositary Agency (CDA) is the sole supplier in Croatia. Access to the services of the CDA will be granted to non-residents on a non-discriminatory basis. In HU: Branches of foreign institutions are not allowed to provide asset management services for private pension funds or management of venture capital. The board of a financial institution should include at least two members, who are Hungarian citizens, residents in the meaning of the relevant foreign exchange regulations and have permanent residency in Hungary for at least one year.

In IE: In the case of collective investment schemes constituted as unit trusts and variable capital companies (other than undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities, UCITS), the trustee/depository and management company is required to be incorporated in Ireland or in another Member State of the European Union (no branches). In the case of an investment limited partnership, at least one general partner must be incorporated in Ireland. To become a member of a stock exchange in Ireland, an entity must either (I) be authorised in Ireland, which requires that it be incorporated or be a partnership, with a head/registered office in Ireland, or (II) be authorised in another Member State in accordance with the EU Investment Services Directive. In IT: In order to be authorised to manage the securities settlement system with an establishment in Italy, a company is required to be incorporated in Italy (no branches). In order to be authorised to manage central securities depository services with an establishment in Italy, companies are required to be incorporated in Italy (no branches). In the case of collective investment schemes other than UCITS harmonised under EU legislation, the trustee/ depository is required to be incorporated in Italy or in another Member State of the EU and established through a branch in Italy. Management companies of UCITS not harmonised under EU legislation are also required to be incorporated in Italy (no branches). Only banks, insurance companies, investment firms and companies managing UCITS harmonised under EU legislation having their legal head office in the EU, as well as UCITS incorporated in Italy may carry out activity of pension fund resources management. In providing the activity of door-to-door selling, intermediaries must utilise authorised financial salesmen resident within the territory of a Member State of the European Union. Representative offices of foreign intermediaries cannot carry out activities aimed at providing investment services. In LT: For the purpose of asset management, incorporation as a specialised management company (no branches) is required. Only firms having their registered office in Lithuania can act as the depositories of the assets. In PT: Pension fund management may be provided only by specialized companies incorporated in Portugal for that purpose and by insurance companies established in Portugal and authorised to take up the life insurance business or by entities authorised to pension fund management in other EU Member States (unbound for direct branching from non-EU countries). In RO: Branches of foreign institutions are not allowed to provide asset management services

In SK: Investment services in the Slovak Republic can be provided by banks, investment companies, investment funds and security dealers which have legal form of jointstock company with equity capital according to the law (no branches). In SI: Unbound for participation in banks under privatisation and for private pension funds (non-compulsory pension funds) In SE: A founder of a savings bank shall be a natural person resident in the EU.

8. HEALTH SERVICES AND SOCIAL SERVICES (only privately funded services)

A. Hospital Services (CPC 9311) B. Ambulance Services (CPC 93192) C. Residential health facilities other than hospital services (CPC 93193) D. Social Services (CPC 933) EU: Participation of private operators in the health and social network is subject to concession. Economic needs tests may apply. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing establishments, transport infrastructure, population density, geographic spread, and creation of new employment. In AT, SI: Unbound for ambulance services In BG: Unbound for hospital services, for ambulance services and for residential health facilities other than hospital services In CZ, FI, MT, PL, SE, SK: Unbound In HU, SI: Unbound for social services In BE, UK: Unbound for ambulance services, for residential health facilities other than hospital services and for social services other than convalescent and rest houses and old people's homes In CY: Unbound for hospital services, ambulance services, for residential health facilities other than hospital services and for social services other than convalescent and rest houses and old people's homes

9. TOURISM AND TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES

A. Hotel, Restaurants and Catering (CPC 641, CPC 642 and CPC 643) excluding catering in air transport services In BG: Incorporation is required (no branches) In IT: Economic needs tests applied on bars, cafes and restaurants. Main criteria: population and density of existing establishments In HR: Location in the protected areas of particular historic and artistic interest and within national or landscape parks is subject to approval by the Government of the Republic of Croatia which can be denied.

B. Travel Agencies and Tour Operators Services (including tour managers) (CPC 7471) In BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required) In CY: Foreign service providers have to be represented by a resident Travel Office In CZ: Economic needs test based on population criterion In PT: Requirement of constitution of a commercial company having its corporate base in Portugal (unbound for branches)

C. Tourist Guides Services (CPC 7472) None In CY: Nationality condition

10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING SERVICES (other than audio-visual services)

A. Entertainment Services (including Theatre, Live Bands, Circus and Discotheque Services) (CPC 9619) In CY, CZ, FI, MT, PL, RO, SI, SK: Unbound In BG: Unbound except for theatrical producer, singer group, band and orchestra entertainment services (CPC 96191), services provided by authors, composers, sculptors, entertainers and other individual artists (CPC 96192) and ancillary theatrical services (CPC 96193) In EE: Unbound for other entertainment services (CPC 96199) except for cinema theatre services In LV: Unbound except for cinema theatre operation services (part of CPC 96199)

B. News and Press Agencies Services (CPC 962) In CZ: Unbound In FR: Foreign participation in companies publishing publications in the French language may not exceed 20 per cent of the capital or of voting rights in the company. Establishment of press agencies by foreign investors is subject to reciprocity.

C. Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural services, (CPC 963) In BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HR, HU, IE, IT, LV, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound In AT, LT: Participation of private operators in the libraries, archives, museums and other cultural services' network is subject to concession or licence.

D. Sporting services (CPC 9641) In AT, SI: Unbound for ski school services and mountain guide services In BG, CY, CZ, EE, LV, MT, PL, RO, SK: Unbound

E. Recreation park and beach Services (CPC 96491) None

11. TRANSPORT SERVICES

A. Maritime transport

a) International passenger transportation (CPC 7211 less national cabotage transport). b) International freight transportation (CPC 7212 less national cabotage transport) In AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound for the establishment of a registered company for the purpose of operating a fleet under the national flag of the State of establishment In BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required) In BG, CY, DE, EE, ES, FR, FI, EL, IT, LT, LV, MT, PL, PT, RO, SI and SE: Feedering services by authorisation.

B. Internal Waterways Transport

a) Passenger transportation (CPC 7221) b) Freight transportation (CPC 7222) EU: Measures based upon existing or future agreements on access to inland waterways (incl. agreements following the Rhine-Main-Danube link) reserve some traffic rights for operators based in the countries concerned and meeting nationality criteria regarding ownership. Regulations implementing the Mannheim Convention on Rhine Shipping. In AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound for the establishment of a registered company for the purpose of operating a fleet under the national flag of the State of establishment In AT: Nationality condition in order to set up a shipping company by natural persons. In the case of establishment as legal person, nationality condition for the managing board and the supervisory board. Registered company or permanent establishment in Austria is required. In addition the majority of the business shares must be held by EU citizens. In BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required) In FI: Services can be provided only by ships operating under the Finnish flag. In HR: Unbound.





C. Rail Transport a) Passenger transportation (CPC 7111) b) Freight transportation (CPC 7112) In BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required) In HR, LT: Unbound.

D. Road Transport

a) Passenger Transportation (CPC 7121 and CPC 7122) In EU: Foreign investors cannot provide transport services within a Member State (cabotage), except for rental of nonscheduled services of buses with operator In EU: Economic needs test for taxi services. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing establishments, population density, geographic spread, impact on traffic conditions and creation of new employment In AT, BG: Exclusive rights and/or authorisation can only be granted to EU nationals and to EU juridical persons having their headquarters in the EU In BG, CZ: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required) In FI, LV: Authorisation required, not extended to foreign registered vehicles In LV and SE: Requirement on established entities to use vehicles with national registration In ES: Economic needs test for CPC 7122. Main criteria: Local demand In IT, PT: Economic needs test for limousine services. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing establishments, population density, geographic spread, impact on traffic conditions and creation of new employment In ES, IE, IT: Economic needs test for intercity bussing services. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing establishments, population density, geographic spread, impact on traffic conditions and creation of new employment In FR : Unbound for intercity bussing services

b) Freight Transportation (CPC 7123, excluding transportation of mail on own account ). In AT, BG: Exclusive rights and/or authorisation can only be granted to EU nationals and to EU juridical persons having their headquarters in the EU In BG, CZ: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required) In ES: Unbound In FI, LV: Authorisation required, not extended to foreign registered vehicles In LV and SE: Requirement on established entities to use vehicles with national registration In IT, SK: Economic needs test. Main criteria is local demand

E. Pipeline transport of goods other than fuel (CPC 7139) AT: Exclusive rights can only be granted to EU nationals and to EU juridical persons having their headquarters in the EU

12. SERVICES AUXILIARY TO TRANSPORT

A. Services auxiliary to Maritime Transport a) Maritime Cargo Handling Services b) Storage and warehousing Services (part of CPC 742) c) Customs Clearance Services d) Container Station and Depot Services e) Maritime Agency Services f) Maritime Freight Forwarding Services g) Rental of Vessels with Crew (CPC 7213) h) Pushing and towing services (CPC 7214) i) Supporting services for maritime transport (part of CPC 745) j) Other supporting and auxiliary services (including catering) (part of CPC 749) In AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: For pushing and towing services and for supporting services for maritime transport unbound for the establishment of a registered company for the purpose of operating a fleet under the national flag of the State of establishment In IT: Economic needs test for maritime cargo-handling services. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing establishments, population density, geographic spread and creation of new employment In BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required). Participation in Bulgarian companies is limited to 49 per cent. In CY: Unbound for rental of vessels with crew In SI: Only juridical persons established in the Republic of Slovenia (no branches) can perform customs clearance In FI: Pushing and towing services can be provided only by ships operating under the Finnish flag. In HR: Unbound for c) Customs Clearance Services, d) Container Station and Depot Services, e) Maritime Agency Services and f) Maritime Freight Forwarding Services.

For a) Maritime Cargo Handling Services, b) Storage and warehousing Services, j) Other supporting and auxiliary services (including catering), h) Pushing and towing services and i) Supporting services for maritime transport: None, except that foreign legal person is required to establish a company in Croatia which should be granted a concession by the port authority, following a public tendering procedure. The number of service suppliers may be limited reflecting limitations in port capacity. In MT: Unbound for Customs Clearance Services

B. Services auxiliary to internal waterways transport a) Cargo-handling services (part of CPC 741) b) Storage and warehouse services (part of CPC 742) c) Freight transport agency services (part of CPC 748) d) Rental of Vessels with Crew (CPC 7223) e) Pushing and towing services (CPC 7224) f) Supporting services for internal waterway transport (part of CPC 745) g) Other supporting and auxiliary services (part of CPC 749) EU: Measures based upon existing or future agreements on access to inland waterways (incl. agreements following the Rhine-Main-Danube link) reserve some traffic rights for operators based in the countries concerned and meeting nationality criteria regarding ownership. Regulations implementing the Mannheim Convention on Rhine Shipping. In AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound for pushing and towing services and supporting services for internal waterway transport. In AT: Nationality condition in order to set up a shipping company by natural persons. In the case of establishment as legal person, nationality condition for the managing board and the supervisory board. Registered company or permanent establishment in Austria is required. In addition the majority of the business shares must be held by EU citizens. In BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required). Participation in Bulgarian companies is limited to 49 per cent In HU: Participation of the State may be required in an establishment In FI: Pushing and towing services can be provided only by ships operating under the Finnish flag. In SI: Only juridical persons established in the Republic of Slovenia (no branches) can perform customs clearance. . In HR: Unbound.

C. Services auxiliary to rail transport a) Cargo-handling services (part of CPC 741) b) Storage and warehouse services (part of CPC 742) c) Freight transport agency services (part of CPC 748) In BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required) Participation in Bulgarian companies is limited to 49 per cent In CZ: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required) In SI: Only juridical persons established in the Republic of Slovenia (no branches) can perform customs clearance In HR: Unbound for pushing and towing services.

d) Pushing and towing services (CPC 7113) e) Supporting services for rail transport services (CPC 743) f) Other supporting and auxiliary services (part of CPC 749)

D. Services auxiliary to road transport a) Cargo-handling services (part of CPC 741) b) Storage and warehouse services (part of CPC 742) c) Freight transport agency services (part of CPC 748) d) Rental of Commercial Road Vehicles with Operators (CPC 7124) e) Supporting services for road transport equipment (CPC 744) f) Other supporting and auxiliary services (part of CPC 749) In AT: For rental of commercial road vehicles with operators, authorisation can only be granted to EU nationals and to EU juridical persons having their headquarters in the EU In BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required). Participation in Bulgarian companies is limited to 49 per cent In FI: For rental of commercial road vehicles with operators, authorisation required, not extended to foreign registered vehicles In HR: Unbound for Rental of Commercial Road Vehicles with Operators. In SI: Only juridical persons established in the Republic of Slovenia (no branches) can perform customs clearance

E. Services auxiliary to air transport services

a) Ground handling services (including catering) EU: Categories of activities depend of size of airport. The number of providers in each airport can be limited due to available-space constraints and to not less than two suppliers for other reasons. In HR: Unbound. In BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required)

b) Storage and warehouse services (part of CPC 742) In BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required) In PL: For storage services of frozen or refrigerated goods and bulk storage services of liquids or gases, categories of activities depend of size of airport. The number of providers in each airport can be limited due to available-space constraints and to not less than two suppliers for other reasons

c) Freight transport agency services (part of CPC 748) In BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required) In CZ: Unbound In SI: Only juridical persons established in the Republic of Slovenia (no branches) can perform customs clearance

d) Rental of aircraft with crew (CPC 734) EU: Aircraft used by carriers of the European Union have to be registered in the EU Member State licensing the carrier or elsewhere in the EU and shall be subject to approval in accordance with the applicable European Union or national law on aviation safety. Waivers can be granted for short term lease contracts or under exceptional circumstances. BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required)

e) Sales and Marketing EU: Specific obligations for investors operating computer reservation systems that are owned or controlled by air carriers BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required)

f) Computer Reservations System EU: Specific obligations for investors operating computer reservation systems that are owned or controlled by air carriers In BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required)

g) Airport management In BG: Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required) In PL: Foreign participation is limited to 49 per cent

F. Services auxiliary to pipeline transport of goods other than fuel a) Storage and warehouse services of goods other than fuel transported by pipelines (part of CPC 742) None

13. ENERGY SERVICES

A. Services Incidental to Mining (CPC 883) None In CY: Unbound

B. Pipeline Transportation of fuels (CPC 7131) In AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, IE, IT, LV, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SE, UK: Unbound

C. Storage and warehouse services of fuels transported through pipelines (part of CPC 742) In PL: Investors from countries which are energy suppliers may be prohibited from obtaining control of the activity. Unbound for direct branching (incorporation is required).

D. Wholesale trade services of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and related products (CPC 62271) and wholesale trade services of electricity, steam and hot water EU: Unbound for wholesale trade services of electricity, steam and hot water.

E. Retailing Services of motor fuel (CPC 613) F. Retail sales of fuel oil, bottled gas, coal and wood (CPC 63297) and retailing services of electricity, (non bottled) gas, steam and hot water EU: Unbound for retailing services of motor fuel, electricity, (non bottled) gas, steam and hot water In BE, BG, DK, FR, IT, MT, PT: For retail sales of fuel oil, bottled gas, coal and wood, authorisation for department stores (in the case of FR only for large stores) is subject to an economic needs test. Main criteria: number of and impact on existing stores, population density, geographic spread, impact on traffic conditions and creation of new employment In CY: Unbound

G. Services incidental to energy distribution (CPC 887) In AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, ES, EE, FI, FR, EL, IE, HU, IT, LU, LT, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SE, UK: Unbound except for consultancy services, where: none In SI: Unbound except for services incidental to the distribution of gas, where: none.

14. OTHER SERVICES NOT INCLUDED ELSEWHERE

a) Washing, Cleaning and Dyeing services (CPC 9701) None

b) Hairdressing services

(CPC 97021) In CY: Unbound In IT: Economic needs tests applied on a national treatment basis. The economic needs test, when applied, sets a limit on the number of enterprises. Main criteria: population and density of existing business

c) Cosmetic treatment, manicuring and pedicuring services (CPC 97022) In IT: Economic needs tests applied on a national treatment basis. The economic needs test, when applied, sets a limit on the number of enterprises. Main criteria: population and density of existing business

d) Other beauty treatment services n.e.c. (CPC 97029) In IT: Economic needs tests applied on a national treatment basis. The economic needs test, when applied, sets a limit on the number of enterprises. Main criteria: population and density of existing business

e) Spa services and non therapeutical massages, to the extent that they are provided as relaxation physical well-being services and not for medical or rehabilitation purposes (CPC ver. 1.0 97230) None