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Vol.1980/0140

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(80)397 final
Brussels -10thJuly1980
ENERGY POLICY INTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITY :
Perspectives aridachievements
(Communication fromtheCommission totheCouncil).
iJ~*
%tayv*?**EE*3 ■_iV-A -*\£17
COM(80)397final

■r
\
•(ENERGY POLICYINTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITY !
L A
perspectives andachievements
CONTENTSι
I.INTRODUCTION
II.ENERGYSITUATION :recentdevelopments
andperspectives
{
(a)-TheCommission's action
" ■ ■I
/ .:
III.RATIONAL USEOFENER6Y ANDENERGY SAVINGS
IV.OIL i
(a)Imports '
(b)Surveillance oftheoilmarkets
(c)Energymeasures '
(d)Aidtoindigenous oilproduction
V. GAS
VI.C0AL
VII.NUCLEAR POWER
•(a)Hearings I i'
(b)ReactorsafetyandNucLear WasteDisposal
(c)International nuclear developments
(e)Safeguards andphysical protection ofnuclearmaterials
(f)Reprocessing andfastbreederoption-uraniumexploration
<g)Euratomloanfacility
(h)Institutional questions
VIII.ELECTRICITYΊ
IV.Energyresearch anddevelopment
X.Demonstration projects
XI-External relationsPage
1
1
3
5
7
7
7
8
9
11
12
13
13
14
14.
15
15
16
16
17
18
20
22
XII;Conclusion 24

ENERGY POLICY INHIEEUROPEAN COMMUNITY :
Prospects andachievements
I.Introduction
Energypolicyisoneofthekeyfactorsinsolvingtheeconomicproblemsfacing
theCommunity .Tilecrisisof1973-74andtheeventsofthelasttwoyearshave
drastically showntheneedforreducing dependence onimportedoil.•
Wieworldoilmarkethasenteredaperiod'ofpermanent uncertainty andinstability
•whichthreatens to"becomeworseunlessconsumers andproducers cooperate totake
therequisite measures . (
Anagreement existswithintheCommunity onthebasicprinciples ofenergypolicy:
ittakestheshapeofmeasuresundertaken bothbytheMemberStatesandbythe
Community itself. •.■
Afterabriefaccountoftherecentenergysituation anditsprospective
development ,thismemorandum describes thecontribution whichtheCommunity makes
tosolvingtheenergyproblem.Although notentirelysatisfactory intheirscope,
theseeffortsareastepintherightdirection .
II.-Enerrysituation :recentdevelopments andprospects
Currentoilpricesarenowabouttwelve ,timeshigherthanin1973«TheComcunity 's
oilimportsfellfrom573mtonnesin1973to475mtonnesin1979i "theoil
billhascontinued toincrease :10000mEUAin1973150000inEUAiii1979a^d
probably 77000mEUAin1980,eveniftherearefurtherpriceincreaases .
OPECistryingtoharmonize itsprices,hitherto withoutsuccess.Thereisan
increasing tendency fortheexporting countries tolimittheirproduction ,thus
encouraging priceincreases .ThereisagreatriskofOPECoilsupplyfalling
behinddemandtowards1985-1990 *
Oilconsumption mustbecutbackinthelightofthisprospect .Toachievethis
withoutjeopardizing economic andsocialobjectives ,energymustbeconserved and.
usedmorerationally andgreaterusemustbemadeofalternative sourcesof
energy. .

Action taken bytheCommunity atthese twolevels hasborncv fruit .
Between 1973and .1978 energy consumption intheCommunity remained ,practically
stable although CDPincreased ,"by12$.In1979 itincreased ,by5$while GDP
rose by3.3$ .This isbecause oftheunusual situation caused byahard winter
andacertain upturn ineconomic activity .Butthis also shows that "theeffort
tobeexpended todissociate thegrowth inenergy demand from economic growth
will belong andexacting .
Oil .which accounted for61$ofgross energy consumption in1973 ,represented
nomore than 55$in1979 .Internal supply hasincreased considerably because
t 1
oftheincrease inproduction from theNorth Seaoilfields ,nowcovering about
16$ofoildemand .
Gasproduction ,ontheother hand ,levelled out *some years back andimports
arerelied ontomaintain therelative market share accounted forbythis energy
source .However ,there isthequestion -recently become particularly acute -
ofwhether itwill bepossible toobtain these supplies from external sources
atanacceptable price andwith sufficient assurance ofregularity .
' ''' '
Inthelong term ,coal andnuclear energy arethemain alternatives tooil
imports ..The1973 crisis hasnothalted thedecline inCommunity coal production ,
but ithasstabilized recently .Imports have risen from 29mtonnes to
57mtonnes ;itisthought that they could quadruple between nowandtheend
ofthecentury .However ,this requires theestablishment ofsuitable infrastructure
capacity andtheencouragement oftechnologies permitting greater utilization
ofcoal .
* " / ' • '
Theproportion ofnuclear electricity rose from 6$to11$between 1973 and1979 »
butthere areuncertainties surrounding theprospects ofdeveloping this source ,
theonly oneapart from coal which could have aconsiderable influence on
reducing dependence onoil inthemedium term .Some oftheuncertainties relate
totheopposition which this energy source encounters inonesection ofpublic
opinion ,others totheproblems which itraises intheinternational context ,
e.g. uranium supplies ,the .non-proliferation treaty ,etc.

XI.(a)TheCommar,sion'smeasures
TheCommission 'senergypolicymeasures have "beenguided "bythreeconcerns.
Firstly,ithaspaidparticular attention toensuring compliance withthe
principles onwhichtheCommunity isbased,especially theprinciple offree
movement ofgoods.Secondly ,ithassoughttoresolvethedifficulties caused
"bytheupheavals ontheworldoilmarket.Thirdly,theCommission has
endeavoured toprovideappropriate meansofmeetingthemedium-to.long-term
uncertainties whichlieahead.
\
1 •
TheCommission doesnotclaimthateverything intheenergysectorshould "be
regulated onacentralis -,ed"basisatCommunity level.Alargepartofthe
strategy onwhichtheMemberStateshaveagreedcanbeimplemented onlyat
national ,level.But-andthishasalwaysbee^itheCommission 'sintention-
thesemeasures mustbecoordinated and,wherenecessary ,supplemented and
reinforced byCommunity measures . ..
TheCommission hascontinuously monitored thecompatibility ofthenational
.energypolicieswiththepursuance oftheobjectives for19^5#laiddownby
theCouncilin1974*
ι #
InJune1980,theCounciladoptedaresolution concerning theobjectives
for1990 theconvergence ofthepolicies oftheMemberStates,together
witharesolution concerning newlinesofactioninthefieldofenergysaving.
Thesetextsprovideareference framework toguidenationalpolicies anda
ga\igeoftheeffortwhichtheCommunity is:undertaking tohelpsolvetheworld
energyproblem.TheygivetheCommission thebasisforcoordinating ,stimulati
and,ifnecessary ,complement ingnational measures moreeffectively .'

-4-
Thisstrategy involvesthefollowing guidelines :
' •I
(a)"thereduction intheratio "betweentherateofgrowthinprimary
energy .consumptionandtheincrease inthegrossdomestic productb;'
lreansofapolicyofenergysavingandrationalutilization ofenergy;
(b)thereduction intheproportion oftheenergybalance-sheet accounted
forbyoil;thisshoulddropto40/Sin1990;
(c)anincreaseintheroleofcoalandnuclearenergyinelectricity
generation ;'
(d)increased useof^renewable energysources;
(e)apricespolicyencouraging theachievement oftheCommunity'senergy
objectives ,' •

-5-
III.Rationalutilization ofenerpyandenergysavings
Thepolicyontherationalutilization ofenergyisoneofthepillarsof
Community energypolicy:theEuropean Councilhasrepeatedly stressedthis
(Bremen,July1978;Paris,March1979»Strasbourg ,June1979;Luxembourg ,
April1980).
Thispolitical intention wasgivenfirmshapeattheCouncilmeetingofenergy
ministers on13May1980whichadoptedaresolution concerning newlinesof
action "bytheCommunity inthefieldofenergysavings.
Thisresolution layscLowntheframework forthepolicyofenergyconservation .
Itapprovedtheobjective ofreducing to0.7orlessby1990-forthewholeof
theCommunity-theaverageratiobetweentherateofgrowthingrossenergy
consumption andtherateofgrowthinthegrossdomestic product.Theresolution
furtheraskstheMemberstatestoadoptbytheendofI98Oenergy-saving
programmes coveringallthesectorsofenergyuseandtoconductanappropriate
energy-pricing policyinlinewiththemeasures recommended bytheCouncil.
Finally,itexpressses thewishfortheworktobespeededup,particularly in
international organizations ,onthedrafting ofharmonized methodsformeasuring
energyconsumption andonperformance standards for'appliances .
Sincethe1973crisis,theeffortsundertaken atCommunity andnationallevelto
saveenergyhave16dtoareduction inenergyconsumption ,albeitpartlydueto
theeconomiccrisis.Ithasbeencalculated thatenergyconsumption hasdropped
bysome7-8%ayearsince1973,i«e.theequivalent of70mtonnesofoilayear,
whichrepresents ^10000millionat1979prices.
TheCommission isconducting apolicyofinformation concerning thenational
energy-savingprogrammes andtheprogressachievedbyvariousMemberStates
(ThirdreportontheCommunity'sprogrammeforenergysaving).Onamoregeneral
level,theCommission hascommissioned astudyfromateamofexpertsheadedby
"MrJeanSaintGeoursonthemeansforachievinginthelongtermtheCommunity's
economic,socialandenvironmental objectivesinrestricting asfaraspossible
itsprimaryenergyconsumption .Somespecificaspectsofthisstudyarenowbeing
examinedingreaterdetail.
Alongsidethesegeneralmeasures,theCommissionhashadspecificfinancialand
regulatory measuresadopted.
Thefinancialmeasuresconcernsupportfordemonstration projectsinthefield
ofenergyr.avingintheformofafinancialcontribution whichisrepayable
undercertainconditions .

-6-
OnthekasiaefRegulation ('JiFsMo1303/79of12Jutt*1978layiugdown
-theconditions forthegrantingoffinancial support tir.dof
Kcgulation ("iE).Ifo725/79of9April1979layingdownasunof55mSUAforxhevholo
thefour-year progra-cme ,theCommission hasseveraltimesinvitedthesubEisoion
ofprojects ;severalapplications forsupporthavebeensentinbyinterested
firmsororganization -Oftho324applications underthofirstinvitation ......
tosubmitprojects ,theCommission adopted53.involving asumof21.4mEUA.
Some299applications werereceived undertheinvitation andarer.owbeing
examinedpendingaConraission decisioninthenearfuture.The55nEUAallocated
tothofour-yearprogrwirao willnotbesufficient inviewoftheinterest
arousedbythismeasuroandbytheendoftheyeartheCommission willaskthe
Budgetary Authority foranincreaseinthisamount.
I
Theregulatory measuresarelistedinAnnex4oftheabovenentioned third
report.
Theycoverseveralsectorsofindustrial ordomesticactivity.
Inparticular ,theyincludeaDirective ontheperformance ofheatgenerators
forspaceheatingandtheproduction ofhotwaterinneworexisting
non-industrial buildings .ThisDirective of13February 1978isaboutto
besupplemented byprovisions concerning generators whichcannotbeinspected
attheproduction stage.
« .
Theseregulatory measures alsoincluderecommendations onthoregulation
ofheatingandtheproduction ofhotwaterinnewbuildings ,therational
utilization ofenergyinindustrial undertakings ,thecombined production of
heatandpower,thethermalinsulation ofbuildings ,drivinghabitsandthe
.operation ofelectric household appliances . -
/
Ofthemostrecentmeasures ,mentionoughttobemadeoftheDirective of
,14Kay1979ontheindication oftheenergyconsumption ofhousehold appliances .'
.bylabelling .ADirective applyingthesemeasurestoelectric ovenswasadopted
on14May1979*InKay1930theComaission senttheCouncilproposals applying
thesemeasurestootherhousehold appliances witha.highenergyconsumption ,
ouchaswashingmachines,dishwashers ,refrigerators andfreezers.

fr-
IV.01L
IVaImporta
TheCommunityhascadefirmandspecificcommitments toreduceitsdependence
onimportedoil.KhentheymetinStrasbourg inJune1979theEuropeanCouncil
agreedtoholdnotoilimportsintotheCommunitybetweeni960and1985ator
bolowtheir1978lovel(472mtons).Thispriorcommitment bytheCommunity
playedanimportantroleinoncouraging theotherparticipants intheTokyoEcor.onic
Summitafewdayslatertoagreeonsimilarmeasuresofrestraint .Laterin
theyeartheCommunityreachedagreement onBpecificnationalceiling3for1?80
andI9O5withinthooverallCommunitytotal.
TheCommunity ha3established procadureo forquarterly monitoring ofthetrendsin'
netoilimportsagainsttheannualceiling.Alltheindications arethatweshall
bewellwithintheceilingf.or19C0.Wehave'been helpedinpartbyaverylow
levelofeconomicactivitywhichhasreducedthetotaldemandforenergy.Vehave
beenaidedalsobygrowingoilproduction fromthel.'orthSeawhichrowmeetssow
16£ofourtotaloildemand.But,coGtclearlyofall,wohavebeenaidedbya
morovividandmorewidespread recognition inMemberStatesofthodangersinherent
incontinuing todepend00heavilyonimportedoil.
1
IVbSurveillanceoftheoilmarkets J
Thooedangershavebeenheightened overthepast18monthsbymarkedinstability
ontheworld ,oilmarkets.ThelossofIranianproduction following therevolution
ledtosomeuncertainty oversupplies ,temporary shortages forsomecompanies ,
heavystock-building byothers,andconsiderable pressure onthespotmarkets.
Despitetheeasingofthelatterthemarkethasremained somewhat nervousbecaur.e
ofcontinuing uncertainty aboutsupplylevelsandprices.Thereisacontinuir .fT
riskthatsomecompanies willbetemptedtopayexcessive pricesforsupplies.
WellbeforeIrantheCommission hademphasised therisksofinstability onthe
narketsandtheneedtoincreasethetransparency oftransactions .Recenteventsha
underlined theimportance ofmaintaining theprogressinthisareawhichhasaireszy
beenmade.

Sinceearly1979thoCommission haobeen'receiving weeklyinformation on
concur.,orpricesforoilproducts .,aGummaryofwhichisnowpublished ,weekly.
Inaddition ,following adecision bythoEuropean CouncilinStrasbourg the
Community hasintroduced registers covering importsofcrudeoilarid-
ofootrolcumproducts .Theseregisters ,operated withappropriate safeguards
forcommercial confidentiality ,showtypesofoil,quantity ,priceetc.
imported intooachMemberStateovorthepreviousquarterly period.Finally,
theCcrcaission hascarriedoutBpe.cific studiesoftransactions onthe
IRotterdam andMediterranean spotmarkets whichhavefacilitated abetter
generalunderstanding oftheoperations involved.
Thomoreinformation wehaveaboutoilpurchases andthegreaterthedegree
*
oftransparency ofpricesinparticular ,thobetterthoprospects for-avoiding
"panicbuying"andrenewedandunnecessary upwardpressure onprices.' The
I • ,.existing measures described aboveareanimportant startintherightdirection
-
Aspartofthesame ,exercise theCommission hasalso,beenconsidering the
implications ofthogrowingincidence of"statetostate"deals–tradeideals
orotherbilateral agreements withindividual oilproducors ,inwhichoil
supplies oftenfigureasone-elementinacomplicated setofplannedtransactioi
Suchdealsmaydisguise therealcostoftheoilinvolved andmakeitmore
difficult toachievepricetransparency . '/ .
.Emergencymeasures •'
Adirective ofJuly1973requiresallMemberStatestoensurethattheyare
ableandhavethenecessary powerstodrawonandmanageoilstocks(with
Community' coordination ),torestrictoilconsumption ,toallocatesupplies
andtoregulateoilprices..Communitylegislation alsoobligesMember
f
Statestomaintain aminimumof90days*stocksofoiloroilproducts.

TwoCouncil decisions were adopted in1977 ,providing forfurther measures inthe
event ofoilsupplies difficulties .Theoneismeant tosetaCommunity target
forreduction intheconsumption ofprimary sources ofenergy ,inorder tosafegua
theunity ofthemarket andtoensure that allconsumers within theCommunity bear
afair share ofthedifficulties arising from thecrisis .
Theother enable aCommunity procedure ofsurveillance ontheexporting ofcrude
oilandpetroleum products from onemember country toanother ,tobeimplemented
under various circumstances .
Theadministrative machinery forthese contingencies hasbeen setupinsuch away
astobecor.patible with theparallel IEAmachinery . ;
I
Community emergency measures may come into operation assoon asthegap between
oilsupply anddemand reaches T/.,They aredesigned therefore todeal „with a.
very significant shortfall insupplies .Recent developments ontheoilmarkets
suggest that even amuch smaller gapbetween overall supply anddemand cancause
serious problems .Preventive surveillance oftheoilmarket ,asdescribed inthe
paragraph above ,canhelp toavoid "sub-crises "ofthis kind .But in .addition ^
topreventive measures theCommunity must have inplace effective instruments to
mitigate theeffects oflimited shortfalls insupply andupward pressure onprices
TheCommission has submitted tothe Council areport onthis issue with anumber
ofpossible "sub-crisis "measures tobe'considered .
These include discouraging oilcompanies from making purchases atexcessive prices
i
using oilandoilproducts stocks tohelp even outsupply anddemand imbalances ;o
I 4
sharing andconsumption reduction ;measures toincrease hydrocarbon production in
Community . I
IVd .Aidoiltechnolony andoilproduction
Community oilproduction reached ,nearly 90mtons last year andnatural
.gas137□tons .Ey ,1950 itishoped toraise oilproduction toaround 125ntor.s
andtonaintain theproduction ofnatural gasataround this saae level .
This will notoccur without asustained exploration anddevelopment effort .
Insupport ofthat effort theCommunity operates aschema offinancial aidfor
thedevelopment ofnewtechnology fortheprospecting anderploitation ofhydro­
carbons ,Sofarthere have been five successful annual allocations ofaid
airountinr ;to105aEUA .covering about 170projects involving investment of

nvorothan500mEUA.Inaddition "theCommunity iogivingfinancial aid.
toproliiiunary exploration forhydrocarbons inoffshore Greenland .•

I
GAS ! -
I' ' •''
Naturalgashadsteadilyincreaseditsshareofthetotalprimaryenergy
consumption ,jCurrentlyitsupports 18%oftheCommunity'senergyrequirements ,
whichiscomparabletotheshareofcoal.jThisgrowthintheuseofnatural
gashaslargelybeenbasedonincreased production withintheCommunity itself.
Naturalgashasplayedanimportant roleinachieving alesserreliance onoil.
The1974energypolicyobjectives foresawby1985ashareofnatural -gasinthe
energysupplyof18X.Thissharehasalreadybeenreached,andcouldstillincrea :
toabout20'/.in1985.Thereafter theshareofnaturalgasintheenergybalance -
couldstarttodecline.Naturalgasimportswillhavetocoveranincreasing part
ofconsumption .Currently gasimportdependence isat25%andexpectations point
at50%importdependence in1990.Atthislevelpricesofimported gaswouldhave
anincreasing impactonthenr.turalgasmarketintheCommunity .
Inanticipation ofthesedevelopments theCommission 'sactionsince1977hasbeen
orientated inthreedirections :increase thesecurity ofsupply,development of
natural .gasresources andimproving themarkettransparency .
InJune19S0theCommission hasfixedinacommunication theCouncil proposals
guidelines fornational andCommunity actioninthreefields :development of
indigenous production ,diversification ofgasimportsfromthirdcountries and
>-•
development ofsubstitute gas.
Endorsement oftheseguidelines wouldhelpassureanecessary degreeofconvergence
atCommunity leveloftheMemberStatespolicies ongassupply.
;1!
Asuitableprice,policyandappropriate tariffstructures inthenaturalgas-sect:
wouldhelpimprovesupplysecurity andwouldencourage thenationaluseofthis
sourceofenergy.TheCommission willsubmittotheCouncilbeforetheendoftr.»
yeararecommendation concerning pricesandtariffsofnaturalgas#

COAL ;
.
1 '
InJune1979theEuropean CouncilinStrasbourg reiterated thepolicies
forcoalsetoutinthe1974and1975resolutions asfollows :"Inview
of-thenecessary changeinoilimports,theuseofcoalinpowersta-ions
mustbestepped upwithoutdelay;itsuseinindustry mustalsobeencouraged "
Int'nettheroleofcoalintheCommunity isexpected tochangesignificantly
between nowandtheyear2000.InareporttotheCouncil theCor.mir,si
offers "anoutlookforthelongtermcoalsupplyanddemandinthe.Corn.nunity.
Themoststriking features arethatcoalconsumption intheCommunity shrulc
nearlydoubleto580milliontons/yearbytheyear2000fromthepresent Level
ofZ>05millions /yearandthatcoalimportsshouldincrease >morethanfourfold
'i ■-to280millionton^/yearfromthecurrentlevelofabout 60miIliontons/year,s:
finallythatproduction ofcoalintheCommunity shouldin-crease by25% -from *,
currentlevel"of240million tons/year.
!
Inviewoftherapidly increasing importance ofcoalincovering theCommymt>
energyrequirements theCommission hasproposed aseriesofmeasures to
L-nceurage andaidcoaluseandproduction .Thesemeasures cover .:aidfor
» I
theconstruction ofnewcoalburning powerstations ;subsidies forintra-
I
Community coaltradeandCommunity aidforthefinancing ofcyclical coal
I
mocks.However,theproposals onspecific Community measures inthe:-eareas
y.I -
nave -notfoundthenecessary supportintheCouncil.
The"onlysupport schemeinoperation atCommunity levelisfortheproducticn
cokingcoal.Thisscheme^asinitiated in1967.Ithasbeenprolonged severe
times.Atpresentitslifetime extendstotheendof1981.
Th;iCommunity provides furtherfinanceforcapitalinvestments inthecoal
*
in^i.slry-ECSCloansoncommercial termstotalled 784million EUAbetweer .V"?
end .
Cc,' *search anddevelopment programmes inthefieldsofminingtechniques an
coalupgradihg .received aCommunity supporttotalling 65million EUAinthe
period1977-1980 .
BeyondtheR6DefforttheCommunity alsosupports demonstration projectsir=
thefieldofcoalgazification andliquefaction .TheCommunity measures
aJc;tedinthisfieldhasbeendescribed inchapter X.

: -1.5- r-
ι ·
'tbll NUCLEAR POWf!R •'' '
-Λ
Nuclear energy ,coal andenergy saving arethose principal means bywhich
theCommunity cansigni ficant lyreduce itsdependence onimported oil .Durino
1979 nuclear power contributed 11 '/.tototaIelectricity production ana
hence some 3,22 totheCommunity 'stotal energy needs .That isequivalent
toalmost 30million toe .Nuclear power ,thus ,already contributes signi­
ficantly totheCommunity 'senergy balance andtothebasic policy ofoil
substitution . _
N* - ^
.Nuclear power offers aproduction cost advantage over coal andoilforbase load
electricity generation .Apart from thesupply security aspect there is
therefore also aneconomic incentive fornuclear power expansion .But in
spite ofthis ,,thestate ofnuclear power development presents anuneven
■..-picture throughout theCommunity .Existing ^nuclear programmes have faced
serious delays anddecisions tointroduce nuclear power have been postponed
^ indefinitely insome member states .Theresult isagapbetween the forecast -
andeffectively installed nuclear capacity .
Under these circumstances ohe important part oftheCommission' swork has
been todeal with theobstacles tonuclear powfcr development ,theother part ,
.being th£maintenance anddevelopment ofthe .nuclear option inways' ad3oted
totheCommunity 'sneeds ..
Obstacles tonuclear power development have been particularly proneur.ced
in^the following areas :insufficient public acceptance ofnuclear oower
due toconcerns about reactor safety andnuclear waste disposal and
instability inthenuclear fuel supply relationships ,duetosupplier
nations concerns about thespread ofnuclear weapons .
VII a.Hearings •'
*Inorder toenhance public awareness ofthefacts relating tonuclear ,
power development inthecontext oftheCommunity 'senergy situation ,the
Commission arranged twosessions ofpublic hearings during 1977 -and ,197$ .
•These hearings were largely attended from throughout theCommunity and
/.

i : -AH
'"'represented thrwhoLcspcctrum ofopvmon related to >th&us-eof>cfa»*i-ear
power .they provided axif*fvu .for ojsysi titrate ofCpawity tew**.
r 1
i... :
VIlb>Rcnctor Safety and Nuclear Waste disposal
i «
I
» /
TheCommission hasbeen anxious topromote greater research into rea:.' .rsafety
questions andwaste disposal problems' .Theobjective istohelp ensu ,'e,that
there benoobjective basis fordoubts about thesafety ofnuclear proyrarrnes .
Research into reactor safety isabig and increasing item intheCommission RZ
budget .The1980-1983 JRCbudget allocation inthis area "alone increased by
96%gver theprevious programme allocation .
/ . '
TheCommission 'iswell aware oftheneed forsustained progress inthe .field or
safe disposal ofnuclear wastes .The Council hasadopted two resolutions
February 1980 i embodying aplan ofaction running over 12years
(1980-1992 ),which will pursue theexisting R8Deffort andexpand
Community collaboration with respect totheManagement ofnuclear wastes .Thiv
must beseen inthe context oftheCommunity strategy ?-adopted simultaneously
.and -known asthenuclear'Tri logy 1-ofclosing the fuel cycle through the
n.reprocessing ofnuclear fuels anddevelopment ofthe fast breeder option .
VIIc .International nuclear developments
Increased concerns about thediversion ofnuclear materials andtechnology on
* i
thepart ofsome nuclear suppliers notably USA,Canada andAustralia have been
underlying efforts toreduce theproliferation risk associated with -.nternat -icna
ι
.nue'ear commerce .Unfortunately ,these efforts have also brought ameasure or
.
'instability intheCommunity 'ssupply relationship with these countries .
'i i'Therefore ,inorder toassure continued supp ties ofnuclear fuels tothe Cor. -i-j-.i
:t-heCommission hasconcluded negotiations inJanuary 1978 ofanamendment toth-
'tUn'ATOM /CANADA Coopération Agreo«ent!ûf 1959 .AEuratom /Austral iancoooerôtior .
agreement i"currently being negotiated andnegotiations with respect .tothe ,-
USAagreement areinth6course ofpreparation . .•
INFCF.
––– -
OnUSinitiative theInternational Fuel Cycle Evaluation programme waSsetOp:n
1977 and itconcluded itisactivities inFebruary 1980 .TheCommission partleg­
atee.' actively intheworks oftheConference onanequal footing with more th:.-
50 .nations 'and 4international organisations .

-15~
!
' t
!
I
The conclusion ofthe Conference confirmed the technical soundness ofthe
Community 'sposition with regard tothereprocessing ofnuclear fuels and
i
themaintenance andpursuit ofthe fast breeder option .Italso underlined
•theCommission 'sview ofthenecessity forincreased international'
»
cooperation intheassurance ofnuclear fuel supplies and intheminimi­
sation ofthe risk offurther nuclear weapons proliferation .
VII e.Safegu ardsand Physical protection ofnuclear materials
Inthe latter respect theCommission continues tocontribute significantly
through the exercise ofthepowers conferred toitunder Chapter VII ofthe
"EURATOM Treaty ,which concerns nuclear safeguards .Inaddition full impleroen
ation inthe 7non-weapon states oftheCommunity 'ssafeguards agreement v/ith
»theInternational Atontic "energy Agency (IEAE )hasbeen most achieved .Progress
isalso being roaae intheimplementation ofthevoluntary safeguards offer of
:United Kingdom .TheEura torn/France /IAEA safeguards agreement signed inJuly 76
iscurrently undergoing internal procedure inFrance inview ofitsentry
into force .Asaconsequence oftheCommission 'sincreased international safe­
guards obligations ,itsteam ofnuclear inspectors which in1977 numbered 65
will in1980 approach 100 . *
Also intheframework ofthe IAEA theCommunity assuch aswell asmember
states aresignatories totheConvention onthePhysical Protection of
Nuclear Materials .TheCommission '.signed theConvention onbehalf ofthe
Community inJune 1980 .Through this convention thesecurity ofnuclear
materials will beenhanced inparticular during international transfers .
Development ofthenuclear option " ,
! ' '
{TheCommunity 'sreserves ofnatural uranium onlyaccounts for3-5Xof
'world reserves .Currently 80%oftheCommunity 'ssupply innuclear fuels
!•isimported .Inorder toreduce thedependence onimported energy ,itis
'therefore important ,that theCommunity makes themost outofitsreserves .
This means theoptimal utilization ofavailable resources through the
reprocessing ofnuclear fuels andthrough thedevelopement ofthefast
breeder option aswell asadevelopment ofuranium resources within the
Community . t
-VIIf:'Reprocessing andfast breederpotion -Uranium exploration
InFebruary 1980theCommunity hastaken action inboththese areas by
1,

-adopting aresolution «nda'decision onthereprocess ingof '"
nuclear fuels ,which will enhance coordination atCommunity .level of
thecurrent programmes andassure thecompatibility' with theaims ofsai
'
tyrprotection oftheenvironment andreduction oftherisk of .diversion
ofnuclear materials ;-
-adopting aresolution concerning fast reactors ,which will help maintain the
continuity ofthecurrent demonstration programmes .This with aview of "
keeping open aviable option forcommercialisation andtotheoptimisation
ofthedemonstration programmes with respect totheir safety andtheprotect
'ion ofthe environment . > . •
andfurther by
i
-promoting uranium exploration activities under article 70ofthe FU.RA7C "
i
Treaty ,through theissue ofgrants .Community supported programme ^.hav*
been successful inidentifying newresources inItaly andGreenland c:--
promissing areas inIreland andGermany .Sofarthevalue ofth^reso.,rc ;;
discovered inthepai 4years exceeds theaidgranted more than ahu-rjr.j .
Euratom l.oan Facility .
Infinancial terms theCommunity hasequally been active infaci litat iv:;
nuclear investments through theestablishment ofthe EURATOM loan faci ^-
litiesi The Council empowered in1977 •theCommi ssion toborrow rc.ry
ontheinternational capital market and lend ittoCommunity investor;
innuclear poWer station ^andfuel cycle facilities .From two eutho.'-iri
totalling 1000 mi11ion unitsofaccount theCommission hadbyr.ic
some ,385million EUA tonuclear power station projects inBelciur ^.
1
6ermany andItaly .Thebalance upto1000 million EUAshould shortly re
committed and theCommission intends topropose athird tranche before --i
oftheyear . . . -
Ins titutic.a IQuestions * ■
Itisofprimary importance totheCommunity that the Cor.mi ssion' srole
inexercising theEuratom Treaty obligations areeffectively carried out .I
particular theexisting difference between the legal powers andtheprect-c ;
implementation ofnuclear fuel supply provisions oftheEuratom Treaty give *
rise todifficulties and some uncertainties .Inorder toresolve this .v.stti -
anewattempt hasbeen made ,following theunsuccessful ones in1965 and
toamend theEuratom Treaty 'ssupply provisions .Thecattsr wassubject *.c:
frsrx discussion intheCouncil inSeptember ,1979 andtheCommi ssion curT -:-;
itsefforts tofind anacceptable solution toremove uncertainties .

Clcctricity
Theelectricity sectorplaysavitalrolein'enablingtheCon.uunity to
reduceitsdependence onimportedoil,sinceatthepresenttinenuclear
energyandinalargemeasurecoalenergycanonlyreachtheconsumervia
electricity . ■'
••
TheCorrnissionhascarried ,outthesurveillance oftheCouncildirectives
of1975torestrict theuseofhydrocarbons ,inpowerstations andtomaintain
security fuelstocksinpowerstations .Thesedirectives havebeenobserved
withhardlyanyexception .
I
Amajorenergysavingpotential exists .inutilising thewasteheatfrom
electricity generation andtheCommission promotesactively -anumberofthe
demonstration projects inthisarea.
Thefurtherdevelopment ofelectrical energyhastofacetheproblemofthe
selection andacceptance ofsuitable sitesforpowerstations ofallsorts.
Aprocedure forinformation exchange onpowerstationsitinghasbeenestobli
atCorr,unitylevelthrough aCouncilresolution adopted f»cver:ber 1978
TheCommission hasmadeanatteispttofacilitate further thesolution ofthis
problcn through aproposal .fora'Conx.unityconsultation precede
incaseswherepowerstations wouldhavetobeplacednearir.e.TberStates'
frontiers.' '
«
FinallytheCommission hasproposed totheCouncil aCommunity wideharnonisst :
ofelectricity tariffsstructures .
Thisproposalwillhelptomakeelectricity pricesmorecomparable andenable c
suraerstomakearational choicefortheirenergyneeds.

,<"!'rtißi
X.Eneroy Rcs.carch^r>dDcvcloprcfvt •
/TheCommunity'senergyresearch programme hasthreemainobjectives :
(o)improved knowledge ofnucleartechnology andimproved techniques „
andstandards forsafeoperations inthenuclearfield(reactors,fuel
I
cycle),(b)improvements inenergysavingtechniques and(c)improved
knowledge ofnewenergysources (inparticular solar,geothermal and
nuclearfusion). ; I
1
I ,'
Community ;actionintheR&Dfieldisorganised through :thedirect
i f ■
r.cvionprogramme undertheJointResearch Centre (JRC),theindirect . 1
ondconcerted actionprogrammes carriedoutinassociation withnational
researchanddevelopmentbodies,andlinallythroughthe'JointUndertaking *|
established fortheconstruction and'operation oftheJointEuropean Torus(JET).
1 •
Energyhasadominant placeintheCommunity'sR&Dprogramme .In1979
;energyR&Daccounted formorethan70%oftotalfundsintheR&Dbuc-get.
v' . .... . .. _ I^nditisexpected thatenergywillkeepitsoverall importance inComr,unity
R&D.TheCommission 'senergyresearch anddevelopment efforthas,however,
initselfundergone severalimportant developments inrecentyears ."
■- " -!
1First,energy RGDhastraditionally ,beenconcentrated inthenuclearfield
-•'. Althoughnuclear -researchstillocc-ipies )
important place,standing needsoftheCommunity'senergypolicyinthefields Ienergy ?
ofincreased/conservat ionanddevelopment ofoilalternatives haveledtoa i
broadening oftheCommission 'sR&Dprogrammes andassociated spending .
TheJRCresearch anddevelopment programme wasdiversified ..
in1973to>n«Uidesolarenergy .;andhydrogen production frora
water..Newenergysourceshave1since .seentheirroleincrease
ii>th*?JRC's«K*ltiannuaIR6Dprograw«es (1977/80and1*980/83).
InaOo>?i.lel development cametheimplementation ofthefirst "
fourvesrenergyR&Dprogramme (indirectaction)dealingwith
newformsofenergy(solar,geothermal )andenergyconservation .
Alsothisactionwasfurtherstrengthened withtheadoption of
thesecondenergyR&Dprogramme (1979/83)withfunding
increased to105million EUAfromtheprevious 59million EUA.

-19-
Second,inthenuclearfieldmoreemphasis isbeingplacedon
research insafetyproblems inparticular reactorsafetyand
wastedisposal .Underthenewresearch programme fortheJRC
adopted bytheCouncilinMarch1980andtotalling 511million
EUA,nuclearreactorsafetyalonereceives onethirdor151
million EUA.Thatcorresponds toanincrease of96%overthe
previous budgetwhiletotalbudgetallocation onlyincreased by
47%.Inthewastedisposal fieldR&Deffortintheperiod
1980/84willmorethandoubletheeffortundertaken inthe
previous fiveyears.Continuous attention isgiventoresearch
intothebiological andecological effectsofthevarious
nuclearapplications .
! ; I"
Thirdly,animportant steptowardsthelongtermassurance ofenergy
.V•supplies wastakenthroughtheestablishment oftheJET'Jointundertaking'
inJune1978.Addingthisadvanced programme toongoingeffortstheConnuni:
assuch°will beontheforefont internationally ofcontrolled thermonuc lear
fusionresearch.TheCommunity finances 80%ofJET,whoseconstruction cos:
isestimated at200million EUA.
Fourthly,theCommunity'sparticipation ininternational cooperation inthe
energyR&Dfieldisbecomingmoreextensive.TheCommission hasinrecent
yearsconcluded 9R&Dcooperation agreements inthefieldsofnuclear .enerc
biomasssolarenergyandhydrogentechnology .Whereappropriate suchcoop­
erationenhancessignificantly theefficiency oftheCommission'sownresearc
effort.

-20-
X«ly-nìduM' ij;vt.ianFre.ifQt»farnitemotiva »tt<Mvrvnourr.po •
c v
/Toachieveitsobjective ofreducingitsdependence .onimported energy,
thfcCommunity -mustdevelopthoseresources available onitsown
territory . ,
k'.itheexploitation ofalternative energysourcesmaybedelayedbecause
ofthefinancial riskinvolvedinnewmethodsandtechnologies orby
reasonofthehighcostofinvestment ,theCommission haslaunched a-
schemetoassistthefinancing ofdemonstration projectsinthissector.
Theseprojects aimtodemonstrate theindustrial andcommercial viability >
ofthe.methods,inordertoencourageutilization andpromotetheirspread
>withintheCommunity .
ActingonaproposalbytheCommission ,theCounciladoptedinJune1978
anoutlineRegulation onthegrantingoffinancial supportforprojects
toexploitalternative energysources. ,
InApril1979theCounciladoptedimplementing Regulations inrespectof
solarenergy,thesolidfuelliquefaction andgasification sectorsand
thegeothermal energysector.Italsoallocated' 95nEUAforthewhole
ofthefive-year programme concerning thesesources-50mEUAfor
liquefaction andgasification ,22.5mEUAforgeothermal energyand
22.5nEUAforso'larenergy. ■_*
TheRegulations statethattheCommunity' sfinancial contribution maynot
exceed/jO^ofthetotalcostoftheassistedprojectandthathalfthe
supportisrepayable bytherecipient ifthemethodsdeveloped are
exploited forindustrial andcommercial purposes .
Thefirstinvitation tosubmitprojects issuedin1979arousedgreat
interest .TheCommission received 183requestsforfinance (135for
solarenergy,36forgeothermal energyand12forliquefaction orgasification x
43oftheseprojects werefinanced tothetuneof31mEUA.Asecond
invitation tosubmitprojectsinearly19?0ledto151requestsforsolar
energyand33forgeothfcrmal energy.Thesecondinvitation tosubmit
projectsfortheliquefactionandgasification willnotcloseuntil
iluter.Inviewofthesuccessencountered ,theCommission hasalready
acV-edtheCounciltoraisetheamountprovidedforliquefaction ar.dgasificati

projects from50to100mEUA»Bytheend.ofI98Oitwillaskforan
increaseintheappropriations forsolarenergyandgeothermal energy
projects *TheCommission willalsoputforwardadraftRegulation
forthefinancing ofwindandtidalenergyprojects bytheendofthe
year.

XI.Extf rnal relat ions
TheCommunity 'sattachment -tothesearch foradurable solution totheworld
energy problem hasbeen manifested onseveral occasions .
With theadoption inHay1980 oftheresolution onthe1990 energy policy
objectives referred toin'chapter II theCommunity hasmade afurther step to
decrease itsdependence onoil,assure that economic growth benon-oil based and
thereby contribute tomore farreaching moderation intheworld demand foroil .
i■■ !.; '
Thecooperation between oilconsuming nations has developed' fruitfully in
' ! '
response tothestill more difficult oilsupply situation .But itequally is
important that cooperation bedeveloped andpursued with oiI.producing countries
. -
aswell aswith non-oil producing LOC's.
Theopening oftheglobal negotiations intheUNframework atthebeginning cf
1981 will present anew andvaluable opportunity fordiscussion andadvance
-international cooperation inthefield ofenergy .TheCommission participates
.
actively inthepreparation ofthese negotiations .-22-
«
i'

WithintheUNEconomic Commission forEurope,tljeCommission is
equallyengaged onthepreparations foracontinuation ofthediscussions
onenergywiththeEastern European Countries .
TheCommunity hasestablished bilateral contacts withOPECand,OAPECas
wellaswithsome_oftheoilproducingstatesintheArabianGulf.These
contacts hadaninformalcharacter andwereconfinedtolongertermeconomic
issues. .
■'■/ '' -
. ' s
Thenon-oilproducing LDC'shavebeenparticularly hardhitbythesteep
increases injthepriceofoil.Thereisanurgentneedtohelpthem/
increase|theefforttodevelopindigenousenergyresources.
I -
■ ' t
Tinsneqdisrecognized bytheCommunity anditsmemberStates.Developmer .
! '
intheenergyfieldfromtheCommunity anditsmemberStatesisonlysecond
toworldbankaid.In1979ittotalled 5C0MEUAandwillfurtherriseto
'• ' *
700HEUAin1980.Community aidalonewillincrease from100MEUAto190"
I
ii g
Itshouldalso,berecalled thatundertheLOMEIconvention ,theCommunity
aidtoenergyprojects intheACPcountries hastotalled 110MEUAandexper
turewillcontinue underLOME'II.'
FurthertothattheCommission isdeveloping aprogrammeinitiated in19/3
oftechnical assistance todevelccing countries .
»
• \ '
TheCommunity'sexternalrelations inthefieldofnuclearfuelsupplies
havebeendealtwithinthenuclearchaster.

XII.CONCLUSION -:anewinitiative • ./.•
m
Acearlyas1974theCommunity setobjectives adaptedtothenewenergy
situation .ThoMemberStatesadjusttheirpolicies theretotovaryir>c
decreesandtakemeasurestoreachtheobjectives .TheCommunity toohas
takenmeasures ofitsown.Altogether ,therehasbeenanappreciable effort
whichisnowgradually bearingfruit.
however,thereisstillalottodoanditistoberegretted thatthe
CouncilhasnotyetapprovedseveralCommission proposals ,e.g.thatin
/
respectofcoal.
I
Inviewofthissituation andtheincreased threatstooilsupplies-an
energysourcewhich,evenifitnolongeraccountsfor4<^ofconsumption
in1990,willlongremainakeyfactorintheenergybalance-sheet -the
Commission considered thatamoreambitious approach wasnecessary .Thatis
theintention ofthecommunication whichitpresented totheCouncilin
March1930;"Energy:Community initiative ".
Thecommunication firststresses theHeedforresponding totheenergy
challengeifitiswishedtoresolvethemajoreconomic andsocialquestions
which ,havenowarisen. '.
Thefirststepstobetakenshoulddealwithpriceandenergytaxation
policies .Pricepolicies mustbemademutually consistent sothatrices
arcpassedontotheconsumer ,providing theincentive tosaveenergy.
Thesepolicies shouldthenbegradually harmonized ,alongwithenergytcucation
inordertoavoiddistortion ofthemarketandtomakethegeneral economic
policyobjectives moreconsistent . ~
Thesecondstep,asimportant asthefirst,concerns investment .Between 1930
and'i990theMemberStatesareplanningtoinvest400000mEUA,i.e.2$of
Corr-ranr..:tvGDP.However,theproportion oftotalinvestment accounted forby
energyinvestment differsconsiderably fromoneMemberSta.tetothenext.
Q'omaintainoilimportsattheircurrentlevel,theCommission considers
th-itanadditional 50000-100000mEUA,i.e.0.25-0.JdfoofCommunity GDP,
chouldbeinvested .

-25-
'i'hoCommunity r.lfio possesses financial instruments ofageneral nature
which may beused intheenergy sector .These aretheloans granted
bytheEuropean Investment Bank orunder the NetfCommunity Instrument .
A .large proportion ofthis investment finance will beraised onthe free
market ;butvarious obstacles ,both financial andnon-financial ,maybe
encountered .TheCommission feels that thepublic authorities ,especially
those intheCommunity ,have arole toplay ineliminating these obstacles .
This isthecase forinstance with -investments which arejudged uneconomic
bytheconsume !*orproducer ,"butareeconomic forsociety atlarge as
"they save energy orreplace oil .Investment ofthis type should be
encouraged oraccelerated .
The aidwhich theCommunity could give tothese investment plans "would
take various forms andwould mainly beintended tosupplement the
national programmes .Several formulae maybeconsidered forproviding
thefunds required :specific Community loans ,anincrease inown
resources ortheintroduction ofaspecific Commmity taxonenergy ,which
could "beimposed onenergy consumption ,energy production orenergy
imports . -

ANNEX
Communications ,-proposals and decisions inthe field ofenergy
1.January 1977 -30.June 1980
9

ENERGY
<1.
•Community energy policy
-Kxternal relations
..information
0.j' N0,l(ATIONALUSE 0?ENERGY AND ENERGY SAVINGS
\ " "
3.CILAHPGAS
_General . '
-Kxternal exchanges
-Prices
-Stocks
-Measures mthe event ofsupply difficulties
-Support Community projects
LlELECTRICITY
5.C0AL
-General
~Aids
-Research
6.■<VCLEAR ENERGY
-General
-Investments
-Supplies
7'ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES
^-'/.ASCH ANDDEVELOPMENT
'-,.,
®bat20June 1980 )

'1.GENERAL # · ·
£ο£εunitar _en_er_gy_p_ol_lc ¿
-Report ontherealization oftheCommunity energy policy
objectives forI985 (2ndreport)··1ι.>.'r»ï'«.ï. J
Ρcpropesale
33=decisions /regulations
'C=communications
C COM (77)395 final'<'-.··· ·
–*ΖΛ Ζ1Λ *_ »..'.•.¿'.i *.'-It :
•Cv re--ir<ti tc t'-t
Council
•«being considered
–Energy situation oftheCommunity·CCOM (77)28final /3'-
-Theenergy eituation intheCommunity·
Projecto ond policy .CCOM (78)hSkfinal .–
-Energy objectives for1990 andprogrammes oftheMember
States . "CCOM (78)613final
O
_Energy policy oftheCommunity .(Commission communication
totheEuropean Council ,Parle -12and 13/2/79)·CCOM (79)USfinal-
-Communication from the Cornmiatiion totlie Council concer -
•ning theEnergy objectives oftheCommunity for1990 and
convergence ofpoliciea of¡""ember Stuten·CCOM (79)316final
Council Resolution of9June 198O concerning theobjectives
ofenergy policy oftheCommunity for 1990 andconvergence
ofpolicies ofMember States·ΡCOM (79)316final . OJC1^9/1,18/6/80
■ '*
-Energy (Communication totheEuropean Council -Strasbourg
21and «'2June 1979)·CCOM (79)325 final
-Theenergy programme oftheEuropean Communi cy. C COM (79)527 finnl --
•Λ

-Energypolicy(Communication frontheComrrisrion tothe
European Council-Luxembourg 27and23April19^0)·CCOM(SO)130fir.al–ι, «..
-AConmunity programme forthepromotion ofinvestment
inenergy.Ccc::(Sc)220fir.al-
–-■■ J
-Energy (Communication fromtheCowrriiiiiuion tothe
European Council-Venice22and23June.1980)·cco:;(So)301fir.ii
External relations
-Cooperation withdeveloping countries inthefieldof
energy.CCOM(78)355fin-a - .
-Aspectsofexternal measures bytheConmunity inthe
energysector ·cCOK(79)23final
1· ' ·
-Instruments ofminingandenergycooperation withthe
ACPcountries »C"cc::(79)130final ''-
-.·-Firstactionofcooperation withcertaindeveloping
countries inthefieldofenergy.CCOK(79)155final·· 0
-Energycooperation withdeveloping countries endthe
roleoftheCommunity .CCCK(80)96final
+Annex··SEC(SO)^56\
Information '
-Theenergysituation intheCommunity andintheworld· CCCK(77)^23final'
CCCK(78)101final
CCCK(79)1^2final
CSEC(78)Ι-'^δfinal
CCOK(SO)235final/ ';
•'·«
' *
-Thoenergycltuation intheConrunity .
Situation 1977-prospects 197Ö·
Situation 1978-prospects 1979·
Situation 1979-prospocts 19ÍÍ0.Ccoi·:(78)101fir.r.l'
C,CCK(79)1*+2fin··.!
C'COK(cO)1H'¿fin·:.!

' rj-rs :R-ΠΛΊΤΟΓΜ ,r,v,·ΤR.""*acT A:;Ü ζ:<γ.Χ3Υ SAVING
;
' -Council líccc vTicrvlat ion of25October *1977 critheregula -
ting ofsMce heating ,theproduction ofdomestic hc-t
' water andthenegering ofheat innewbuildings·
(77/712/J2KC). . .ΡCOM (77)"35fir.:1 OJL295/1,lé'11/77 -
•
-Council Recommendation of25October 1977 onthe
rational use ofenergy inindustrial undertakings
(77/713/KKC).ΡCOM (77)155find OJL295/3,18/11/77 . .
-.Council Recommendation of25October 1977 onthe
creation inthe Member states ofadvisory bodies or
Committees topromoto combined heat and power
production and the ,exploitation ofreni dual heat
(77/71VKEC ). 'ΡCOM (77)'.85 finr l . OJL295/5,18/11/77
- \
–Council Directive of13February 1978 ontheperfor­
mance ofheat generators forspace heating and the
production ofhot water innew orexisting new-
industrial buildings and onthe insulation ofheat
and domestic hot-water distribution innew nor .-
industrial buildings (7S/170/EKC)»ΡCOK (77)185finti OJL52/32,23/2/78
OJL30/20,6/2/79
O
-Council Regulation (EEC )n°13°3/78of12June 1978
, ιonthegranting offinanciul support fordemonstration
projects inthe field ofenergy-waving·ΡCOM (77)187finti ■ OJL158/6,.16/6/78
ï -
Application procedures : ^
-Council Regulation (EEC )n°725/79of9April .1979
fixing themaximum amount ofaid tobemaxeavailable
pursuant toCouncil Regulation (-SKC)n°13^3/78onthe
granting offinancial support fordemonstration projects
inthe field ofenergy saving·Ρ ,COM (78)672finrl1*'
OJL93/1,12/V79 -
'-Council Recommendation.' of51'obruary 1979 »nthereduc -
tion ofenergy repuiremvitn for Uuil Mn ;»tvMieCommunity
(?9/l6?/?.C-SC ,EliC tLur'atOîîi ).Ρ·COM (77)186 final OJL37/25,13/2/79"'
–Council "'ftetiveofV»Míiy1979 on'the iil1-ifinti c;iby
3nb<?î .'iιi'rfenergy consumption ιbourel ·<>!t!'<¡.¡.1 'iiv,i ;enΡCCM (78);-y&fir .Λ
♦ΠΛ.-Ι ΞOJf IJ/Ó/?? ...

h.
-"curei :rirectiv »et 1*»yny19?<?applying toelectric
CY«*J .Tir^ctive 79/52C/y.'~C onthe ifidicntlon bylabel -
lir.^cftheenergy consumption ofhousehold c^ppliancesΡ CC.'·' .(?£>35c final
+final 2CJL1H=/7,i;/£/-9
-Commission Decision implementing Council Regulation (ESC)
n°1303/78onthegranting offinancial support fordemon -
stration projects inthe field ofenergy-auving'·DCCy,(78)672 fir.al
D C (79.)229 fir.al
(notpublished inC>T)•A
• Ι
-Communication from the Commission tothe Council concer -
ning Newlinea ofaction bytheEuropean Community inthe
field ofenergy savings .C CGi·' (79)312 final#
'ι
-Council Resolution of9June I98O concerning thenewlinos
ofaction bytheEuropean Community inthe field ofenergy
caving .Ρ COM (79)312 final . OJC1^9/3»18/6/δΟ
-Periodical report onthoCommunity action programme for
therational use ofenergy anddraft3 recommendations of
theCouncil ,(see above )
•1streport .
2nd report . '
3rd report . ·CCCM (76)10final
+Annex
CCOM (77)185final
C COM (79)313 final»
mm
-Anintensification oftheCommunity's programme for
energy îiuving .CCOM (77)39final
-Proposal forCouncil Directives on ï
.electric washing machines ;
•electric dishwashers with cold water supply only ;
•electric refrigerators ,frozen food cabinets ,
freezers and their combinations ;
implementing Council Directive 79/^30/E-Contheindica­
tion -bylabelling oftheenergy consumption ofhousehold
appliances .ΡCOM (80)· 193final#
fI
•
•4
)
-Proposal foraCouncil Directive amending Directive 78/170/
EEC onthoperformance ofheat generators for space heating
and the production ofhot v«t«r inn«w orexisting non-in -
dustrial buildings and the iiiMulwtion ofhent '-»tul domestic
hot-wit .■;*'distribution innow non-i ii>!\i:itrinl b'UIlling ::·ΡCOM (80)108final*

&
I
– .ν:ΐϊ*.#Coir.-iiasiontothoCouncil.Community
^ ---»thirefining 1problems oftheCommunity.1
CCCil(77)71 final-
-Co--unicntion frostheCommission totheCouncil .First
roflections onthedevelopment undtheprptection ofenergy
,investsiSiit intheCommunityCCC:.:(77)1S4 final"
-Communier :'.ionfromtheCotisai ontotheCouncil onproblems
,connecte .!withthoprofiULJlityoftherefining industry in
thoCo:r.:r.u::ityandonwaysofresolving themCC0;,:(7S)71 final
-Developiri"!!tuinthe-refining sectoroflhoCommunity oil
induetrycco:.:(7e)697 final-
¿x^ernal_0ja:han_£03 _ ■
-CouncilRegulation (EEC)n*1095/79of20Auguut1979
"introducing registration forcrudooil/ofpetrolouin product
importa ititheCou.iuunityΡCOÏ.î(79)335final 0JL220/1,3O.8.I979
■.Aaer.dedl>y ·.
-CouncilH.jgulation (EEC)ne1149/00of6May1900 ΡC0;¿(60)157 final 0JL118/1,9.5.1960
Supplementary Herniations Ό
-Councilh'ogulation (SEC)n*2592/79°fNovember 1979and
n°649/60of17March1900layingdowntheruinafor,
'carryingouttheregistration ofCrudeoil/orpetroleum
products importsintheCommunity provided forinRegulation
(S2C)η"1fl93/79 *ρ·
Φ0JL297/I,24.ll.i979
ojL73/1,19·3.isco
•
ι'
Applicati 0;:procedure
-Compiasi »;·Hogulut1on(liliC)ne of4l.'ocemlier 1979
aniη"'713/00of26Marcii1900applying CouncilHegulationa
{Zl'.C),11e"<",'9?/79"^dηβ649/OO(ueeubove)DOJL314/1,10.12.1979 ,
D0JLCl/15,27.3.19SO -
ι

6.
!•- s
Zrìc£3_
(Application procedure of_Council_Direotlve 7^/45iZ^^Ç.°S
4J¿ay_197_6 (OJhHO,28.5".197.6)~
-Commission deciBion of26January 1977implementine
Directive 76/491/EECregarding aCommunity procodure .for
information andconsultation onthepricesofcrudeoil
andpetroleum productaintheCommunity (77/190/EEC)D0JL61/34,5.3.1977
**
Amended bys
-Commission Decision of30May1970amending Ducluion
77/190/E'¿üimplementing CouncilDirective 76/49l/SÎ^C
regarding aCommunity procedure forinformation and
conr.ultationonthepricesofcrudeoilandpetroleum
-·productsintheCommunity (79/607/EKC)D0JL170/1,9.7.I979 '
f
-Protection andpromotion ofonergy-re1alediuveatiaents
guaranteed minimumpriceforenergyproduced intho
_CommunityCC0M(77)188 final
\
-EnergypricesintheCommunity CC0:.:(77)481 final-
-ReportbyLheCommission toDiePurliumoritandtheCouncil
upontheapplication ofCouncilDirective of4LhKay1976
regarding aCommunity procedure' forinformation andconsul­
tationonLhepricesofcrudeoilaridpetroleum products
intheCommunityCC0i.;(70)416final
CC0:.!(C0)221final
-Communication fromtheCommission totheCouncil on
transparency oftheoilmarketCCOM(80)74final 4*'*
Stocj<3_
-Propoaal foraCouncilDirectivo ontheintroducLioninthe
Community ofJointstockaofcrudeoilundpetroleum pro­
ducts
Propoaal foraCouncilDirectivo cono«·rni»gthecreation in
eachΜοηΙ·<τ·Stateoforgani/.atÍon:ironporialbluforotoring
crudeoil:ind/orpetroleum producto midonLhefinancing of
thoüeorganizationsΡC0;.;(77)158final
ΡX
?

_Prova··stlfyraCouncilDirective amending CouncilDireotive
ée/414/JÏÏ'Jίο20December 1968imposiη/*anobligation on
Ke=bsrStuto3oftheEECtomuintuln minimum stocksof
crudeoiland/orpetroleum productsΡC0K(77)663 final7·
κ
¿íeasur£3_iri _lh£ovon^t£f_aup_jjl¿ i£3_
-CouncilDecision ofI4February V)77o"exporting of
crudeoilandpetroleum producta fromanoMemberStatetoanotherinthoeventofsupplydifficulties (77/106/EEC)Ρ'C0M(74)1964 final 0JL61/23,5.3.I977
Amended by;
-CouncilSudsionof22October1979(79/t>79/CES) ΡC0M(78)415 -final 0JL270/58,27.10.15r ?
-Proposal loanewamendment ofCouncil Decision of
14February 1977ΡC0I.1(80)346 ζ·
•Application procedure »
-Commission Decision of28September 1970applying Council
_Decision 77/186/SEConthoexporting ofcrudeoiland
petroleum products fromoneMemberStatetoanotherinthe
eventof;¡u¡iplydifficulties (70/l)90/EtíC)D0JL3II/I3,4.11.1978
-Council Decision of7November 19/701»Litosettingofa
Community l;irgetforαreduction J11lhoconsumption of
primarysourcesofenergyinthe«ventofdifficulties in
thesupplyofcrudeoilundpetroleum producta (77/706/tì2C)ΡC0K(74)1964 final 0JL292/9,16.11.1977
·*«■·
Application proceduro t
-Commission Decision of15June1979layingdowndetailed
rulesfortheimplementation ofCouncilbecision 77/706/EECD0JLI83/I,I9.7.I979t '■- \
•4·
-V.eunuro tomitigntetlioeffectsofshort-tori»oilsupply
problems ,· · ■CCCM(00)247final -
-Communication fromtheCommlnulon loIlmCouncilconcerning
Community actioninthenatural gnaotippiysectorCco;.:(00)295 final

■"i .8.
««
StiDOOR£0F–CotrìmunI.TY^PRO.IEJS te,
.(Application οΓCouncilRegulutlon (EECJ3056/J3of2.·11·1923
OJ¿Sljjl^i^.ïl.îsû )
-CouncilDecision of25October1977ontheffrnntofsupport
for4Όtechnological development projecta inthehydrocar-
bonssector ·ΡCOM(77)532 final R/2416/77(2NER106)
'-CouncilDecision of30Octobor 197Öonthe*grantofsupport
for49technological developomon tprojects inthehydrocar-
bonssectorΡCO:;(78)432 final R/267l/78(Em78)
-CouncilDecision of29Octobor 1979onthogruntofsupport
for24technological development projects inthehydrocar-
bonssectorΡCO:.:(79)497 final-
k *
1-9511/79(2®119)-OJL201/43»10.11.79
-Council Jio.iulation (KEC)l03ö/79οΓ?4Kay1979onCommunity
supportforahydrocarbon oxploratlon projectInGroenland1'COMI74)1962final
ΡCO:.:(77)552final
ΡCO"(70)30 3finalOJ1132/1,30.5.1979
»Council ,proposalHoculutlon (RìvC)confi«rning(supportto
'corcaonprojectsforhydrocarbon explorationI'UU.V.(Y4)l9¿2l'inai
ΓCO:.ì(7f)532 final
pco:.:(7o)303 rinaiκ
-Cç«.nunicut ionfromtheCommionloritotimCouncil onthe
•principilo tobeapplied tofitumulitisupportofCommunity
projects inthehydrocarbons uuctorCCO."(OC)219final«h
-ReportbytheCommionJonlothoEuiop.tiwt Purlhmu.-nt -undto
theCouncil onthouρpiicu11onufCOUNCILUlulation
(EüC)JO5G/73of9November 1973»thesupportofCommuni··
typroject .)inthe ■hydrocarbons DuctorCCü!«(C0)2ß0 finalÌ|\M
ι
»
•
»Commission reporttothoCouncil onprogress ofworkon'
Community projects inthohy.ilrocurbonu sectorandtho
expenditur>jontheirimpiumati tuIioncco:.:(eo)257final«ft-

•*:·*
.··
Ν
4.ELECTRICITY
.' ;•
–Council Resolution of20November 1978 concerning the P COM <76)576 Final\
0JC286/1/30.11.1978
mutual exchange ofInformation atCommunity level on
thesiting ofpower stations .
~andupdating theexplanatory memorandum ofabove·
, ΦC COM (79)269 Fir.al
/·
-Investment projects 1ntheelectricity sector ofthe C COM (78)98 ,Final
CommunityC COM (79)719 Final
.
-Communication from the Commission tothe Council : C COM (80)356 Final_
Electricity Tariff structures .
.
.o

).COAL
General
-General coat market situation -Forecasts .
.-Commission report tothe Council onmeasures topromote the
consumption ofcoal intheCommunity .Report bytheCommission
.totheCouncil onnational coal production policies inthe
Community .Report bytheCommission totheCouncil onnational
coal import policies and the world coal market .01CτCOM <79)322Final
«
-Coal policy medium -and long-term perspectives forcoal in
the CommunityCOJC161/3/28.6.1979 r
-Commission report totheCouncil .Outlook forthelong-term
coal supply anddemand trend intheCommunity .CCOM (80)117 Final
Aids
-Commission Decision No.751/77/ECSCof12April 1977 amending .
Decision 73/287/FCSCconcerning coking coal andcoke forthe
iron andsteel industry intheCommunity*
DC<77)408
OJL91/7,13.4.1977 ·' * s
.*·'·' i
taa
-Commission Decision No.1613 /77/ECSC of15July 1977
amending Decision 73/287/ECSC concerning coking coal andcoke
for the iron and ste«»l industry intheCommunityDC(77)839
OJL180/8,20.7.1977j
ΐC1977••0JC156,4.7.1977
0JC 5, 1978 ■
C1978••OJC118,22.5.1978
'0Jc286, 1978
c1979••0Jc120,14.5.1979
0J c278,7.11.1979
C1980·'•COM <80)268 Final
+Final /210.
I

··Ι.om,-π1ssÏonincision ino.10/111COLSUIJwciOoei iyπ
¡ emending Decision No.3544/73/ESCSimplementing
! Decision 73/287/ECSConcokingcoalandcoke.υινηυ1/j11rtnoν
OJL256/12,7.10.1977Λ1
–Cc~nission Decision No.2287/78/ECSCof¡.'9September
. 1Ç7SamendingDecision No.3544/73/ESCSoncokingcoal
andcoke.-DC(78)1117 :
OJL275/78,30.9.Ϊ978■·
–Commission Decision No.3958/79/ECSCof19December
amending Decision 73/287/ESCSoncokingcoalandcokeD'COM(79)753Final
OJL344/1,31.12.1979-
j-ProposalforaCouncilRegulation (EEC)concerning
] Community aidforfinancingcyclicalstocksofhard
coal,cokeandpatentfuelΡCOM(77)77Final
,ΡCOM(77)493Final*
–ProposalforaCouncilRegulation foraCommunity aid
. _ systemforintra-community tradeinpowerstationcoal.ΡCOM(78)364Final '
ΡCOM(79)127Final*
-DraftCommission decision concerning coalandsteel
■'industry oftheCommunityDCOM(78)516Final-
..-DraftCommission decision concerning coalandcokefor
theironandsteelindustry oftheCommunity .DCOM(79)263Final ---
-Commission Memorandum totheCouncil onthefinancial
measures takenbytheMemberStatestoassistthecoal-
miningindustry,fortheyears1977,19781979.CCOM(77)570Final
CCOM(78)367Final
CCOM(80)349Final–
Research
< '-Memorandum concerning aCommunity coalandresearch
programme inthefieldofminingengineering witha
viewtoobtaining' financial aidunderthetermsof
!. Article 5562c)oftheECSCTreaty.Memorandum
concerning aCommunity eoalresearch programme inthe
fieldofproductbeneficiationwithaviewtoobtaining
•financial aidunderthetermsofArticle 5552c)of
!' theECSCTreaty.DCOM(77)704Final
D¿0M(78)723Final
DCOM(80)34Final
\
/'»
•4.
-Middle-term perspectives forthecoalresearch
programme <1981-1985)C0JC94/3,17.4.1980 -

6.NUCLEAR ENERGY
GeneraI
-ThenuclearproblemsCCOM(77)199Final12.
Conclusion drawnbytheCommission fromthepublic
debates onnuclear energyCCOM(77).129Final
Investments
-CouncilDecision of29March1977empowering theCommission
toissueEuratom loansforthepurposeofcontributing tothe
financing ofnuclearpowerstations (77/270/Euratom)ΡCOM<7472070 Final 0JL88/9,6.4.1977
•Application procedure :
-CouncilDecision of29March1977,ontheimplementation of
Decision 77/270/Euratomempowering theCommission toissue
Euratomloansforthepurposeofcontributing tothefinancing
ofnuclear powerstations ;(77/271/Euratom)Ρ _ 0JL88/11,6.4.1977
0JL12/28,17.1.1980
I
-Communication bytheCommission totheCouncilandtheParl-
iament.Euratomborrowing andlendingactivities .
(WithDGXVIII);'
Firstreport
Secondreporti
CCOM(79)26Final
CCOM(80)70Final ■* *
-Communication bytheCommission totheCouncil.* ·
AnnualreportofMemberStatesinaccordance withArt.70
I oftheEAECTreatyCCOM(80)56Final•i
Sugglies
·-Communication fromtheCommission totheCouncil onthe .
progress ofthesupportgiventouraniumexploration projects
intheCommunity inaccordance withArticle 70paragraph 1
oftheEURATOMTreaty(Regulation No.2014/76).■CCOM(79)90Final-
I '-

7.ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES
-.CouncilRegulation (EEC)No.1302/78of12June1978onthe
grantingofthefinancesupportforprojectstoexploit
'alternative energysourcesΡCOM(77)187Final
ΡCOM(77)708Final13.
OJL158/3,16.6.1978
\
-Commission Decision onthegranting offinancial support
fordemonstration projects inthefieldofenergysavingand
-exploitation ofnewenergysources(geothermy,solarenergy,
liquefaction andgasification of.coal)D~]C0M(78)672'Final
2)Notpublished in0J•
-CouncilRegulation (EEC)No.726/79of9April1979fixing
themaximum amountofaidtobemadeavailable pursuant to
CouncilRegulation (EEC)Nov1302/78onthegrantingof
financial supportfor'projects toexploitalternative energy
resources .ΡCOM(78)672Final 0JL93/2,12.4.1979
-CouncilRegulation (EEC)No.727/79of9April1979onthe
implementation inthesolarenergysectorofCouncilRegu­
lation(EEC)No.1302/78onthegranting offinancial support
forprojects toexploitalternative energysourcesΡCOM(78)511Final 0JL93/3,12.4.1979
o
-CouncilRegulation (EEC)No.728/79of9April1979onthe
implementation inthesolidfuelliquefaction andgasific-
ationsectorsofCouncilRegulation (EEC)No.1302/78on
thegrantingoffinancial supportforprojectstoexploit
alternative energy ,sources .ΡCOM(78)122Final 0JL93/5,12.4.1979
-CouncilRegulation (EEC)No.729/79of9April1979onthe
implementation inthegeothermal energysectorofCouncil
Regulation (EEC)No.1302/78onthegrantingoffinancial
supportforprojects toexploitalternative energysources.ΡCOM(78)122Final 0JL93/7,-12.4.1979
-ProposalforaCouncilRegulation (EEC)amending CounciI
Regulation No.726/79as.regardsthegrantingoffinancial
supportforprojects toexploitalternative energysavings.ΡCOM(79)623Final*
«
-Commission Decision of14ApriI'1980onthegranting of
financial supportfordemonstration projects inthesolar
•■energysector.ΠC(80)408Final
Notpublished in0J*· s