ARCHIVESHISTORIQUES
DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEEDES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(80)154
Vol.1980/0048

Disclaimer
Conformément aurèglement (CEE, Euratom) n°354/83 duConseil du1erfévrier 1983
concernant l'ouverture aupublic desarchives historiques delaCommunauté économique
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p.1),telquemodifié par lerèglement (CE, Euratom) n°1700/2003 du22septembre 2003
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concerning theopening tothepublic ofthehistorical archives oftheEuropean Economic
Community andtheEuropean Atomic Energy Community (OJL43,15.2.1983, p.1),as
amended byRegulation (EC, Euratom) No1700/2003 of22September 2003 (OJL243,
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filehave been declassified inconformity with Article 5oftheaforementioned regulation.
InÜbereinstimmung mitderVerordnung (EWG, Euratom) Nr.354/83 desRates vom 1.
Februar 1983 über die Freigabe der historischen Archive der Europäischen
Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft undderEuropäischen Atomgemeinschaft (ABI. L43vom 15.2.1983,
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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(80)154final.
Brussels.8april1980
-•LO, V-M
Om
»^£rîc»C~>\J*V-Kn-*t -MI*s ht</{^yO.
■
Communication fromtheCommissiontotheCouncil
onESCaidtoNicaragua
C0M(80)154final

1.Eight months after Somoza 'sfall andtheassumption ofpower bythe
coalition fornational reconstruction ,Nicaragua 'sfood andeconomic
/
situation isstill highly precarious .Thecivil warduring the first
half of1979 left initswake 40000dead andover 100000wounded
inflicting very severe damage oneconomic siruoturea •Wii*aentJrtiotien
iscompounded "bythedifficulties inherent inunderdevelopment :over
onemillion people (outofanestimated total population of2500000)
aresuffering from malnutrition ,450000 ofthem children under the age
of15»43$ofthepopulation isilliterate . ' "
•\
Tocope with this situation theNicaraguan Government recently adopted
aneconomic redressment plan for198O ,theaimbeing first andforemost to
(i)stabilize thecountry 'smixed economic system T?ybalancing the
nationalized and .private sectors :the Government seeks to
consolidate thecomplementarity ofthese two sectors "by
introducing incentives toprivate investment (banking facilities ,
technical assistance );in"I98O thepublic sector will account
for20$ofagricultural GDPand25$ofindustrial GDP ;
(ii)putinto effect anausterity policy giving priority tooutput
forexport andkeeping non-priority imports tinder strict control ;
(iii)undertake large-scale works aimed atcorrecting theinadequacies
1caused pythenegligence oftheSomoza regime and atthe .same time
helping tobring down thedisastrously high unemployment rate .
Inaddition ,anextensive campaign istogetunder way attheendofMarch
togive instruction inreading tothecountry 's800000orsoilliterates ,
most ofwhom live scattered inthe most isolated and inaccessible areas .
This highly ambitious campaign hasreceived official backing from UNESCO ,
which hasmade aninternational appeal forsupport .
2.Having noresources ofitsown (itsexternal debt isalmost
^1500million ),Nicaragua recently appealed once again forinternational
aidtoenable ittocope with itsnumerous difficulties . -
Forinstance ,thetown centre ofManagua ,which wasdestroyed Toythe1972
earthquake ,hasstill not been rebuilt . . -

Sincetherevolution ,aidhasbeenprovidedbyanumberofdonors,as
follows:
Spam:
UnitedStates:
Japan:
GermanDemocratic
EuropeanComnlum^Austria:
Cuba:^2million
fóomillion
^14million
^75million
^1million
sfeomillion
1Ci
;y:356million,ofwhichthe
EEC:310million.
3.In1979Communityaidtotalled7millionEUA(approximately £s10million),
consistingof:
(i)emergencyaid(seeds,medicines):450000EUA(approximately
^645000),chargedtoArticle950?
(ii)foodaid:4millionEUA(approximately ^5760000);
(iii)financialaidforreconstruction (Article930oftheGeneral
BudgetoftheCommunities ):2500000EUA(approximately
^3500000),utilizedforfundingaprojectinvolvingthe
reconstruction andre-equipment ofnationalfacilitiesfor
thecollection,storageandmarketingofbasicfoodstuffs
(seepoint6firstparagraph).
Theexpenditure inconnectionwithfoodaidcorresponds todeliveriesof
10000tcereals,500tpowderedmilkanda2millionEUAappropriation
chargedtoArticle9230("Foodaid(othercommodities)")allowingdeliveries
of3320tonnesredbeansand35»2tonnesofchildrenfsfood•Thisaidwas
greatlyappreciated byNicaraguaasthediversified productsitcomprised
wereexactlywhatthepopulationreallyrequired:forinstance,theEECwas
theonlydonortoprovidesubstantialquantitiesofredbeans,abasic
componentoftheNicaraguandiet.
4.CommunityaidtoNicaraguashouldcontinuein1980especiallyasthis
country–asisborneoutbyrecentexperience–iseagerforclosecooperation
withEurope.TheCommission'sproposalstothe'Councilhavehadtotake
accountofcurrentbudgetaryconstraints.Thisisonereasonwhythe
1Inadditiontothisdirectaid,500trice,100toatsand100tpowdered
milkhavebeendeliveredthroughtheintermediary ofvariousagencies.
/

-3-
CommissioncallsontheMemberStatestostepuptheiraidtoNicaragua
further:forinstance,quiteapartfromtheeconomicandfoodsectors,
thecountry'shealthsituationismostdisturbing (itisinurgentneedof
meetiaineaanamedicalequipmentaswallas ofBeeial
infrastructure )andaneffortbytheMemberStatesinthesesphereswould
begreatlyappreciated.
UndertheCouncilDecisionof28November1977»theCommissionisprepared
toassumeresponsibility forcoordinating suchcontributions .
5.AsregardsCommunityaid,prioritymustcontinuetobegiventofood
aid,asinthecaseofthefirstemergencyaidin1979»sincethefood
situationwillbeextremelyprecariousuntiltheharvestsexpectedbetween
AugustandNovemberthisyear;givenNicaragua'sconsiderable agricultural
potential,itwouldseemprobablethatitwillceasetodependon
international aidinthissector–atanyratefrom1981onwards–butuntil
then,asignificanteffortisneeded.
CooperationwithNicaraguaonalongertermbasis,independentofspecific
operations (suchasfoodaid),willhelptheGovernmentinthevarious
coursesofactionithasdecidedoninordertoredresstheeconomy–hence
theimportanceoflargescalecoordinated Communityaidwithemphasisbeing
placedoneffectiveandspeedyreconstruction ofthiscountry.
Lastly,theCommunitymustcontributetothecampaigntoendilliteracywhich
iscurrentlyunderwayinNicaragua:maximumflexibility canbeachieved
byvotingafoodprogrammetobackuptheinstruction providedinreadingand
utilizingthefoodaidcounterpart fundsavailablewiththissameaim.
6.Financialandtechnicalassistance (Appropriations forthenon-associated
developingcountries,Article930oftheBudget)
TheCommunityhasalreadydecided,inconnectionwithaidfor1979?tofund
aprojectforthereconstruction andre-equipment ofnationalfacilitiesfor
thecollection,storageandmarketingofbasicfoodstuffs.Thisproject,
totalling2.5millionEUA,isinprogress.
Asregardsthe1980programme,theCommissionrecentlypresentedtothe
Councilaprojectwherebytheservicesoftwoteamsofexperts,onetobe
attachedtotheMinistryofPlanningandtheothertotheMinistryofArable
andLivestockFarming,wouldbemadeavailabletotheNicaraguanGovernment.
Thetotalcostofthisproject,tobephasedoverthreeyears,comes*to

3.4millionEUAandwillbecofinanced byanEECContribution of
2.8millionEUAandaFrenchbilateralcontribution of0.6millionEUA.
TheCouncilmayrecallthatafinancingdecisionshouldbetakenbythe
endofMarch1980sothat"theexpertscanarriveinsitubeforetheend
ofMay. -
TheCommissionconsidersreinforcement oftheplanningdepartments ofthe
MinistryofPlanningandtheMinistryofArableandLivestockFarmingas
aneffectivemeansofassistingtheGovernmentinitsshort-andmedium-term
planningactivitiesandofpreparingprojectswhichcouldbefinancedby
international aid.
Further,in1980,theEECistofundafeasibilitystudy(costing
approximately 100000EUA)inpreparationforanoilpalmproject,along
withastudyforapriorityintegratedruraldevelopmentprojectinthe
landlockeddistrictofWaslala(costingapproximately 200000EUA).These
studiesaretobefinancedfromtheresourcesavailableundertherelevant
headinginthe1979programme.TheEECwouldundertaketomakeprovision
\forthefinancingofthisruraldevelopmentprojectinthe1981Budget.
7.Tràdepromotion
Inconnectionwithtradepromotion,aEuropeanexpertistovisitNicaragua
beforetheendofMarch1980inordertodrawupadetailedprogrammewith
theNicaraguanauthorities.Itisenvisagedthattechnicalassistanceof
theorderof200000EUAmightbegrantedtoNicaraguaforsuchactivities.
8.Foodaid
1The1980programme,whichhasrecentlybeenpresentedtotheCouncil,
providesfordeliveriesof1,000tpowderedmilkbutnocerealsfor
Nicaragua.^Theproposalsforthiscountryweremerelyprovisional and
shouldnowbesupplemented inthelightoftheinformation whichthe
Commission hasreceived.
C0M(80)57finalof20February1980

-5-
Theanticipatedshortfallsuntilthenextharvests(AugusttoNovember1980)
areasfollows:
Rice 22300t
y
Redbeans 20000t
Maize 40000t
Oil-producing cottonseeds20000t
Substantialshortfallsalsoexistforproductswithahighproteincontent
suchaseggsanddriedfish.
InviewoftheCommunityresourcescurrentlyavailable,thefollowing
operationscouldbeimplemented ,withpromptdelivery,beforethenext
harvests:
(i)cereals:6000t,consistingof3-4-00-twhitemaizetobe
procuredonthemarketofoneofNicaragua'sneighbours (as
thisproductisnotavailableintheCommunity)and1000t
rice(2600tcereals)tobeprocuredinEurope.These
quantities wouldbechargedinadvancetothereservesfor
the1980programme;
(ii)powderedmilk:1000t(asprovidedforintheproposed
programmenowbeforetheCouncil);
(iii)otherproducts:anappropriation of3*5millionEUAwould
coveraconsiderable partoftheshortfalls foundtoexist
inrespectofredbeans,cottonseeds,children'sfood,eggs
anddriedfish. ~
Thefundsrequiredtoimplementthisoperationwillhavetobemade
availablewithoutdelay.TheymightbeobtainedfromChapter92under
the"provisionaltwelfths"systemcurrentlyapplied;however,whenthe
1980Budgetisbeingprepared,thisheadingwillhavetobecreditedwith
theamountsneededtofundtheoperation.

-β-
LastlysbearinginmindNicaragua'sverygreatfinancialconstraints ,all
theseoperationsshouldbefundedtocoverthe"portofdelivery"stage.
Deliveries -ofthesequantitiestotal%3million®UA,i.e.approximately
^7°5million,atworldprices.
9®Campaigntoendilliteracy
Forthepurposeofteachingthecountry's800000illiteratestoread,
Nicaraguaplanstosend180000"readinginstructors"toruralareas,for
fivemonths,fromApriltoAugust1980.Thetotalcostofthiscampaign
willbe^30million($20millionfortheinstructors'salaries,purchase
ofteachingaidsandexpensesconnectedwithtransport,medicinesand
medicalfacilities;^10millionforfoodstuffs).
ItishopedthattheEECwillcontribute 3»5millionEUA.
Inviewofcurrentbudgetresourcesandtheheedtofindtherequiredfunds
withoutdelay(thiscampaignistostartattheendofMarch),theCommunity
mightparticipate asdescribedbelow* .
A.Badk-upfood_pro£ramme
Thecampaigntoendilliteracywillbeaccompanied byanextensivefood
effort,thusaccentuating thestructuralshortagereferredtoabove.
Provisionmustthereforebemadeforaback–upfoodprogramme,tobe
putintoeffectassoonaspossible.

Ap1millionprogramme,representing 10%ofthetotalfoodcost,would
allowdeliveriesof1000trice(equivalentto2600tcereals),tobe
chargedtothereservesforthe1980programmeandprocuredontheCommunity
marketprovidedthatthereeouraeaavallabia&nmarketallewthisto
hedonereasonablypromptly,alongwith600tredbeans,sincethesetwo
foodstuffsarethebasiccomponentsoftheNicaraguandiet.
B.Additionalfinancing
FoodaiddeliveriessinceSeptember1979haveproducedsubstantial counterpart
fundsfromthesaleoftheseproductsonlocalmarkets.Theremainingunspent
balancemight,withtheGovernment'sagreement,beutilizedinthefirst
instancetofundthecampaigntoendilliteracy.Approximately ^1700000
mightbeallocatedinthisconnectionforthepurchaseofteachingaidsand
instructors'salaries^.Certainprojectswhichithadbeenintendedtopart-
financefromthesecounterpart fundsmightinsteadbefinancedfromthe
appropriations earmarkedforthenon-associated developingcountries
(Article930)aftertechnicalappraisalbytheCommissiondepartmentsand
presentation totheCouncil.Onecaseinpointistheprojecttodevelop
thelandlockeddistrictofWaslala;fundsofapproximately 200000EUA
shouldbereleasedin19SOforthepreparationofthisproject(seepage4»
para.6infine).
ThusCommunitycontributions tothecampaigntoendilliteracybothdirectly
andindirectly (viathefoodaidcounterpartfunds)wouldtotal
approximately $2700000.Inthelightofbudgetaryandprocedural
constraints ,additionalrecoursetocounterpart fundsisthe^ostsuitable
solution,beingthespeediest.
10.Altogether (seeAnnexes1and2),CommunityaidtoNicaraguawill
cometo9*5millionEUAin1980,i.e.,approximately 5^13.3million.
1Forinstance,theCommissionhasreceivedarequestfromCostaRicato
financethesalariesof200teachersthere,foratotalcostof
approximately S4OO000.

11.Inconclusion ,itisproposed that theCouncil take thefollowing
decisions onaidtoNicaragua :
1."Emergency food aidof6000tcereals lagranted 3Kfieas»agufc ,,in
theform of3400 twhite maize ,tobeprocured onthemarket ofone of
Nicaragua 'sneighbours with sufficient resources toallow this tobedone
reasonably promptly ,and 1000trice ,tobeprocured ontheCommunity
market .This aid is .tobecharged tothegeneral reserve forthe1980
programme • .~
2.Pood aidintheform of1000 tpowdered milk isalso allocated ,under
the1980 programme .
3.Emergency food aidinother products ,foratotal of3*5million EUA ,
isallocated toNicaragua forsupplies offoodstuffs notcovered bythe
Community food aidprogrammes ,such asredbeans ,cotton orsunflower seeds ,
oil ,children 'sfood ,etc .Such aidshall becharged toArticle 923ofthe
Budget ;thebudgetary authority will therefore have tocredit 3*5million EUA
tothis Article ,preferably inconnection with thepreparation ofthe1980
Budget . 1 •v
4.Exceptional food aidof2600 tcereals and600tredbeans isallocated
toNicaragua toback upthis country 'scampaign toendilliteracy#
The2600tcereals (or1000trice )shall beCharged tothegeneral
reserves forthe1980 programme andbeprocured ontheCommunity market ,
provided that available resources onthat market allow this tobedone
reasonably promptly .
λ
Anappropriation of400000EUAtofinance thepurchase ofapproximately
600tredbeans shall becharged toArticle 923 "food aidinother products ";
this appropriation will have tobeentered bythebudgetary authority under
theabove Article ,preferably inconnection with thepreparation ofthe198O
Budget .Altogether 3.9million EUAwill have tobecredited to
Article 923-

-9-
5.Theabove food aidshall ,inallcases ,befinanced "bytheCommunity
uptothe "port ofdelivery "stage or"delivered todestination "inthe
oas*ofl*ind transport *
6.TheCommission oftheEuropean Communities isinstructed totake the
measures needed forimmediate execution ofthis emergency aidplan ."
\

ANNEX1
AID1979
i ' -i Value
EUA l
A.Donationsinkind'
–Article950(emergencyaid)
Seeds
Medicines250.000 I
200.0001',360.000
285.000
Total950!<150.000!6'«5.000
–Chapter$2(foodaid)i.
•Indirectaid:
500trice,100toats,
100tpowderedmilk360.000
j525.4300
I 0
i
•Directaid: - ■
–foodstuffsprocuredinEurope
i5000tcereals(900twheat,1345"t
.rice)500tpowderedmilk930.000 1.350.000
–cerealsprocuredinCentralAmerica
5000tcereals(1364tflour,.
1130trice)710.000 i
ι
* I1.025.000
–2millionEUAforthepurchaseofother
commodities (Article923)
(3320tredbeans,35-2tchildren^2.000.000
I2.8*0.000
» "
,'' TotalCH92
B«Cashdonations(Chapter930)
Financialaidforthereconstruction and,
re-equipment ofnationalfacilitiesforthe
collection,storageandmarketingofbasic
foodstuffs
GRANDTOTAL4.000.000
2.500.000
6.950.0005.760.000
3.500.000
"9.905-00 *Γ
I.· ι

AfflEX2
AID1980
Value
__
A•Donationsinkind.
–Chapter92(foodaid)
•Indirect__aid:
300tpowderedmilk
•Directaid:
1000tpowderedmilk
6000tcereals
Othercommodities (redbeans.chxldrenfs
food,oil,etc.)
Transport
Sub-totalfoodaid/ ;
Normalprogramme
•Food^jprograi^e^^ba£kji£the£ampai_gnj:£
end_il_li_teracj
2600tcereals(1000trice)
600tredbeans >
Sub-totalback-upprogramme
TotalCH92
B.Cashdonations:Chapter930
Technicalassistanceprojects2800000ECJA
Oilpalmstudy: 100000EUA
WasXalastudy: ,, ,200000EUA
.Tradepromotion
Totalbudgetappropriations
C.Utilization offoodaidcounterpart funds
Financingofthecampaigntoendilliteracy
.GRANDTOTALI
9
200.000
654.000
835.000 .
3.500.000
200.000•280-000
910-000
1.170-000
f
A.900.OCO
?»0.000
5.389.0001
'I7.540.000 I
270.000 .
400.000380.000
_560.000
1670.000-I
940.000i
6.259.000 '8.760.000
3.100.000I
I
4.300.000
■200.000 ■280.000
9.559.00013.340.000]
I
|
1.200.000 '!I
1.700.Πί"Ί
10.759.00015.040.000

ANNEX 3
EXTRACT FROM THE TELEX SENT FROM MANAGUA ON5OCTOBER 1979
SYTHE EMBASSIES OFTHE MEMBER STATES TOTHE PERMANENT '
REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ^
SUGGESTIONS FOR 1980
s
1.Sofarinternational aidhasmade itpossible toavert imminent
famine inNicaragua *
However ,thefood shortage persists ,aggravated byinsufficient
financial resources toprocure direct supplies .
2.Despite thetempered optimism professed bycertain members ofthe
Government ,1980canbeexpected tobring :
amajor food shortage during thefirst half oftheyear ,
recovery during thesecond part .
3.Nicaragua 'sneeds arenot limited tothe food sector .Theprocess
ofeconomic reconstruction (industry ,trade ,agriculture ,housing ,
communications ,health andeducation )require substantial funds ,
which aretotally lacking (thecountry 'sexternal debt isequivalent
to^1500million ,40$ofwhich isalready dueforrepayment ).
4.European aid isofparticular significance :itisgratefully
received andvery favourably viewed ,thus constituting apossible
counterbalance tothemass support being given by'Cuba .Germany ;
isanother large donor ,onalesser scale .
5.Toretain itsimpact ,European aidshould bestepped upin198O .
Food -aidshould gradually bereplaced byassistance atthevery base
ofthe construction process .

ANNEX3(corvtd)
60TheCommunitycontribution couldtakethefollowingforms:
A*Specificfoodaidsthoughpowderedmilkisnolongera
priorityneed,ariceshortage(68%ofrequirements )is
nowpredicted; '
B.Increasedfinancialaid:priorityshouldbegiventothe
agricultural sectorandsocialinfrastructure suchas
healthandeducation.
7.Bilateralaidshouldconcentrate onthefollowingaims,in
descendingorderofpriority:
A»Alleviationofexternalendebtment (part-defermentand
conversionintolong-termloans);
BeArrangementsfornewBourcesoffinancing(donations,
subsidizedloans)forprojectstoredresstheeconomy
(infrastructure ,exploitation ofnaturalresources,
purchaseofcommodities )andpromotionofsmalland
.medium–sizedindustrialfirms;
C»Directaid.fortheconstruction oflow-costhousing,
hospitals,schools,publicbuildings(thedestruction
causedbythewarhasbeencompoundedbytheabsenceof
anyorganizedpublicreconstruction sincethe1972earthquake);
D.Technicalassistance :donationsofequipmentandassignment
ofspecializedexperts(prioritytobegiventoagriculture
andeducation)andassistancewithmanagementtraining
(scholarships programme)«
80BothatCommunityandbilaterallevel,allsuchaidrequiresa
substantial financialcommitmentinordertomakeapoliticalimpact ®
Asregardsbilateralaid,jointorconcertedactionwouldstrengthen
thepositionofboththeMemberStatesandtheCommunity o

NATIONAL LITERACY
'-CAMPAIGN OFNICARAGUA
"HEROESANDMARTYRS
OFTHELIBERATION
OFNICARAGUA "
* * '» ■.'"*
• '
à- - , •-' v
'',;Appealby :'
Mr.Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow
Director-General ofUnesco'
K---' '■"■■■■■: .''•"^ •
Fewnations,inthecourseoftheirrecenthistory,haveenduredsomuch
physicalandpsychological suffering,orbeensogravelyafflictedmaterially,as
';hepeopleofNicaragua *Besidesthegreatpovertyofmostofitsinhabitants,
therehavebeenthedisasterscausedbytheearthquakein1972andthedestruction
sufferedduringtheliberationstrugglp.Thetreasuresofthecountryhavebeen
pillaged;itsresourcesdestroyed,itstownsandvillagesseverelydamagedandits,
infrastructures dislocated.Butitisthetolltakenamongitspeoplewhichis
heaviest :35,000dead,100,000injured-mostofthemadolescents and40,000
orphaned,outofatotalpopulationof2,200,000,'
Atits108thsession,theExecutiveBoardofUnescoexpressed"itstotalsoli­
daritywiththepeopleandGovernment ofNicaraguaintheirarduoustaskofnational
reconstruction ,anditsdetermination toco-operateinthattaskwithinthefieldsof
competenceofUnesco",andrequestedmetotakethenecessarystepstoachieve
thoseends. '';.:■, .,
IvisitedNicaraguafrom16to19December1979,andwasabletojudgefor
myselftheextentoftheworkthathadtobedonetorebuildthecountry,:

•Whatisrequiredistomobilizeallthecountry'smanpower,toreorganizeand
expanditseducational ,■culturalandscientificinstitutionsandtoredeployits
meansofproduction,inlinowithacoherent,overallprogramme.Thecounti-y's
newauthoritieshavecommittedthemselvestoachievingthesegoals,andinorder
todosohavedrawnupanationalreconstruction planwhichdeservesbothoursym­
pathyandoursupport. . v .
Akeyobjectiveinthisplanistheachievement ofgeneralliteracythroughout
thecountry,becauseilliteracyisamajorobstacletoconsciousparticipation by
allcitizensinthetaskofnationalrevivalandbecausesuchparticipation isthe
firstprerequisite to.enablethepeopleofNicaraguatofollowtheirownpathof
development ,withdueregardfortheirculturalidentityandinkeepingwiththeir
ownaspirations, s
Atthepresenttime,35.2percentofchildrenbetweentheagesof7and12'
havenoopportunityofundergoingprimaryeducationand50.2percentofthepopu­
lationaged10andover-some850,000people-areilliterate,theruralareas
beingtheworstaffectedinthisrespect.
Thecampaignfortheeradicationofilliteracyhasthereforebeenplannedto
serveastheleverforaneducationandsocialadvancement movementwhichisto
beextendedtoallcategoriesofthepopulation.Farfrombeingconfinedtothe
youngergeneration,itistocaterforallilliterates,withoutanyrestrictionor
discrimination . ; .
Beginningon24March1980,thecampaignwillenlisttheservicesof200,000
literacyteacherswhowilldevotethemselvestoteaching850,000illiterates.For
sixmonths,theywilllivetogetherandsharethesamelivingconditions.Thisis
astirringexperiment,theaimsofwhichgobeyondthesphereofeducationalone,
seekingtobringaboutaprofoundchangeintherelationsbetweenthevarioussocial
stratainthecountry. •
, , }
hThescopeofthiscampaign,andthespiritinformingit,bothreflectthedeter­
minationtoreconcileallthecountry'scitizensbybringingthemtogetherinagreat
effortofnationalsolidarity.Itshould-enablethemall,individually,todeveloptheii
fullpotentialwhilehelpingtoimprovethewell-beingofalland,inparticular,shoul
assisttheyoung,whohadtobreakofftheirstudiesinordertotakepartinthena­
tionalstruggle,infindingtheirplaceagain,withoutdelay,inworkinglife.
• • ' !
Nicaraguawillnot,however,beabletoachievetheseobjectivesunlessitre-I
ceivesmoral-andmaterialsupportfromtheworldcommunity.Atatimewhenthej
countryisonlyjustbeginningtoliftitselfoutofitsruins,thissupportshouldmake
iteasierforittorelyonitsowneffortsinthefuture*Thetotalfinancialcontribu^
tionwhichithopes,today,toreceivefrominternational solidarityamountsto
20milliondollars.
* I
1 ■' .,-lContributions inkindwillalsobewelcome,particularly schoolsuppliesand
equipment-paper,pencils,exercisqbooks,blackboards ,audio-visual aids,
radios-aswellasmotorvehicles,campingequipment,clothing,blankets,,oil-
lamps,powderedortinnedfoodstuffs,etc. !

^Moreover,sinceilliteracycannotbeovercomeunlessitis,sotospeak,cut
offattheverysource,alargenumberofnewschoolswillhavetobeopenedfor
childrenreachingschoolage.Therewillthereforebescopeforinternational
solidaritytoboshownfirstly,"byprovidingNicaraguawiththemeans,tobuildthose
schoolsand,secondly,byassistingintrainingandrefresherprogrammes for
thosewhoarecalledupontoteachinthem.
Nicaragualiasmadeheavysacrificesforitsliberation-whichisalso,in
somemeasure,theliberationofeachoneofusanditisembarkingonanexperi­
mentofthegreatestinterestfromtheethicalandeducationalpointsofviewwhich
maybeusefultomanyotherpeoplesbesidesitsown.Wearethereforeinduty
boundtomeetitsexpectations ..
OnbehalfoftheUnitedNations -Educational ,ScientificandCulturalOrganiza­
tion,andwiththeunanimoussupportofitsExecutiveBoard,Iaccordinglyinvite
allgovernments .NationalCommissions forUnesco,publicandprivateinstitutions
t.nallMemberStates,andinternational fbundationsandorganizations ,bothgovernr
mentalandnon-governmental ,togiv«rproofoftheiractivesolidaritywithliberated
Nicaragua.
IinvitetheChurchesofvariousdenominations ,tradeunionorganizations and
professionalassociations ,women'sorganizations andyouthmovements ,tomake
availabletotheNicaraguanauthoritiesfinancialandmaterialresourcesthatwill
enablethemtoachievetheobjectivestheyhaveinview.,
Imakethisappealtoallthosewhohaveresponsibilities inthefieldofeduca­
tion:topublicservicesandprivateprogrammes concernedwitheducationand
literacywork,touniversities ,toteachers'associations ,andtheresearchcentres,
inthehopethattheywilloffertheNicaraguanGovernmentallthetechnicalassist-!
ancewithintheirpowerinthisundertaking ."
Lastly,Iappealtoallthosewhoenjoythebenefitsofeducation,totheadults,
•.thechildrenandtheyoungpeoplewhoaretodayreceivingeducationandrealize
howmuchitisenrichingthem.Iamconfidentthattheywillbeabletoorganize
themselves,tocollectresources,onhowevermodestascale,andtoarrangefor
themtobesenttothoseinNicaraguawhoareendeavouring totaketheirfuturein
hand.*■ • ■\■,• ,■
>■,π·^
Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow
Paris,25January1980 *