ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES
DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEEDES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(79)731
Vol.1979/0246

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(79)731final.
Brussels,5thDecember1979
COMPARATIVE COSTSOFFEEDGRAINSINITALY ,
ANDINOTHERREGIONS OFTHECOMMUNITY
(Communication fromtheCommission totheCouncil)
e|A*%\11Ba^ri
C0M(79)731final

STUDYONTHECOMPARATIVE COSTSOPFEEDGRAINSINITALYANDINOTHER
.REGIONS OPTHECOMMUNITY
Sincethecommonagricultural policywasfirstappliedtocereals(I.7.I967)
Italyhas"beenauthorised toreducethelevyonfeedgrainsbyanamountfixed
bytheCouncil.Thegrantingofthisreduction waslinkedparticularly tothe
portconditions inItaly. _'" .
WheneverthissystemwasduetoexpiretheCouncilhasdecidedtomaintain
itforanotheryear. ,
Intheframeworkofthediscussions onagricultural pricesfor1979/80,the
Councilincreased theamountofthisreduction from3u.a.to5u.a.(3«62
ECUto6.04ECU),butlimiteditsapplication totheperiodupto31-12.1979*
Simultaneously theCouncilaskedtheCommission tomakeastudyonthecompara­
tivecostsoffeedgrainsinItalyandinotherregionsoftheCommunity ,before
31.12.1979 .■
ThisstudyistheCommission 'sresponse tothatrequest.
INTRODUCTION
TheCommunity hasanoveralldeficitinfeedgrainswhichiscoveredalmost
exclusively bymaizeimports,thoughbarleyisgenerally insurplus.In
1978/79"theCommunity'smaizeimportsamountedto13.6milliontonnesof
which4millionwereforItaly.Bywayofcontrast ,4-9milliontonnesof ,
barleywereexportedalthoughItalyhadtoimportsome(0.35milliont
imported fromthirdcountries and0.91milliontdelivered byotherMember
States).
SincemaizeimportsaccountforoverSQffooftotalfeedgrainimports,the
studywilldealmainlywithmaizewhereasbarleywillonlybetouchedon.
I.-MAIZEPRICES
1.Observed prices
Asageneralruleimportpricesarearoundthelevelofthethreshold price
intheNorthSeaportsofMemberStateswithrevaluedcurrencies andata
significantly higherlevelintheportsofMemberStateswithdevalued
currencies andinDenmark.
Thethreshold priceissometimes under-cut inRotterdam andHamburg.

~2-
Themarketpriceforimported maizein
Duisburgisaroundthetargetpricelevel(2%abovethethreshold
price);thisisinlinewiththeraarketorganization whiehprovides
thatcerealsimported throughRotterdam should "beabletobeoffered
atthetargetpriceinDuisburg.HieimportpriceinAntwerp (not
givenintheAnnex)isslightlyhigherthaninRotterdam .
IntheUnitedKingdomthepricesofimported maizearewellabovethe
threshold priceandfurthermore thereareconsiderable differences between
thelargeports(eg.Seaforth)andthosewhichhaveonlyalocalimportance
(eg.Belfast).Thesamephenomenon existsinItalywherethealreadyhigh
pricesinthelargestcerealport(Ravenna)areclearlyexceededinsmaller
portssuchasCataniawherethepriceis4%overthatatRavenna.
Themarketpricesofmaizeproduced inFranceandItaly–'themainproducing
countries-aregenerally muchhigherthantheintervention price(difference
betweenintervention priceandthreshold price=20$).Inviewofthesize
oftheoveralldeficit,thesemarketpricestendtowardsthepriceofimported
maize.
Factors causingpricedifferences
Thefollowing factorsareinvolved inthedifferences betweenthepriceof
imported maizeascompared withthethreshold priceinseaportsandwith
thetargetpriceinthehinterland ofthoseports:
Portfactors
–seafreightdifferences ;
-differences incostsofdischarge ,elevating intosiloandloadingonto
othermeansoftransport ;
–difference inportcharges.
Otherfactors
-supplementary costoftransport totheinterior ;
-priceofPlatatypemaize.
Monetary factor
a)Portfactors
aa)Freightdifferentials
Thefreightdifferentials ascomparedwithRotterdam (including the
hold-to-railstageofdischarge )forshipments totheCommunity and,
inparticular fromtheUSGulf,vrhichistheshipment areaforcost

-3-
of"theimported maize,aregiveninAnnexIV•Theycanbesummarised
in"thefollowingdifferentials observedrecentlyforoertainports
intheCommunity *
Ravenna +:$2.80/t
Genoa +S2.00/t
Dublin +$6.90/t
Belfast +$7.40/t
Copenhagen +$8.00/t
Seaforth –$0.35/t
Tilbury -$0.70/t
Thesedifferentials ,whiohwouldapplyinnormalcircumstances ,
couldincrease when:
–theshipsusedaresmallerthanaverage
–thereareunfavourable loadingtermsinonedirection (outward
orinwardtrip).
ForsmallportsintheCommunity therearetheadditional costs
1
oftranshipment whichcomeontopofthedifferentials given'above.
Thesecan,forexample,amounttoaround$lo/t,asfortheScottish
portofLeithifthemaizehasbeentranshipped toacoasterin
-Rotterdam .TheportofCataniahassimilaradditional costs.
bb)Differences incostsofdischarge ,elevating andloadingontoother
meansoftransport (AnnexV)
Forcostsofdischarge ,elevating andre-loading (tobarge/rail/road)
therewasadifference between Rotterdam and: '
Ravenna of+$2.35A*
•Genoa- of+$1.90/t
Dublin of.+$3.05/tBelfast of+$4*18/t'
/Copenhagen of+$1.207t
Seaforth of+$0.30/t
Tilbury'of+$I.85/t
Cerealsdischarged inRotterdam aregenerally transferred directly
fromtheshiptoacoasterorbargetocontinuetheirjourney.In
otherCommunity portsthemaizeoftengoesfirstintoaportsilo
beforebeingloadedontorailway wagonsorlorry.
InItaly,imported maizeisgenerally storedinlargeportsilos.
Usersthenbuythequantities theyneedfromthesesilos.
--t
co)Difference inportcharges
Importpricesareincreased inrelationtoRotterdam ,andthis
particularly inItaly,byadditional portcharges.Thesearecharges
payabletotheportauthority tocovertheuseofportequipment and

personnel andtaxes=Theportcharges,"basedonavesselof25000t,
amountto$0.77/"tinRotterdam and$3*55/"tinGenoaandRavenna
(seeAnnexVI).
Thesechargeswhicharerelatively highintheItalianportsare.often
due,liketheadditional costsindicated inlab),tounfavourable
infrastructure suchastheabsenceofarailorcanallinkand/or
insufficient draught,asinRavennathemaincerealport.Efforts
toimprovetheportconditions orinfrastructure havebeenmadein
agreatnumberofports,whichhashoweverledtoadispersion of
thefinancial meanswhichareavailable .Thispolicyhasnotallowed
thelarge -portstodeveloptothepointwheretheircostspertonne
ιarecomparable withthoseinthelargeNorthSeaports(seealsothe
reception anddischarge capacities giveninAnnexVII).
Conclusion toaa)tocc)
Thevariousportfactorsdiscussed -underaa)tocc)couldexplain
priceshigherthanthethreshold pricetothefollowing extent:
$/t
Freightdiffe-Discharge,Portcharges1 I■!..Il.l■^
Total II1 ι
IExtentto
rential etc.diffe-differential (aa+bb+whichpnce
(seeaa)rential (seecc)cc) exceeds
j(seebb) threshold (>)!
i
Ravenna 2.Ô0 2.35i2.78 7.93 +3.5
Genoa 2.00 1.90 2.7» 6.68 +3.0
Dublin 6.90 3.05 . 9.95 . +4.2
Seaforth -0.35 0.25 -0.10 0 I
Tilbury -0.70 1.85 1.15 +0.5
Belfast 7.40 4.18 11.58 +5-7
Copenhagen ,8.00 1.20 9.20 +3.9
ForItalythereduction of3.62ECU/tinthelevy,wouldontheother-
handreducethepriceofimported maizebyabout2ffoof.thethreshold
price(ormorethan3/0since1.8.1979).
b)Otherfactors
aa)Costoftransport totheinterior
Thepricelevelconsiderably inexcessofthethreshold price(and
targetprice)inItalyisfurtherincreased ontheinteriormarkets
(EolognaandMilan,seeAnnexXI)bytherelatively highcostof
transport totheinterior .

-5-
.Thedifference inprice "between Ravenna andBologna orRavenna and
'Milan reflects "the&otual cost oftransport (geeAnnex VIIl).Th«
freight rate ofaround $lo/tforRavenna /Milan represents about 4%
.ofthethreshold price for1978/79asexpressed inlira .This can
"becompared with arate from Rotterdam toDuisburg by "barge ofonly
$5/t,or2%ofthethreshold price . .
bb)Difference duetomaize quality
Because ofthepreferences ofitsconsumers (eg.forpink-fleshed
chicken )Italy imports ahigh proportion of"Plata "maize from
Argentina (total Italian imports ofmaize in1977 were 4*25 million
tonnes ,ofwhich 1.66 million were Argentine "plata "and2.36 million
US"Yellow Corn").
This Argentine maize isofadifferent quality andisgenerally dearer
ontheworld market than "Yellow Corn ".Thelevy is "based onthemost
favourable offer price ,which isusually forYellow Corn ,inorder to
prevent thethreshold price being under-cut .
f
Annex IIshows that quotations mMilan for "Plata "maize are some
4to5%higher than those for"Yellow Corn"(around 600–1000 Lit/lOO
kg).Thehigh price formaize inItaly istherefore partly duetothese
particular requirements which aremuch less pronounced intheother
Member States .
c)Monetary factor
Themonetary factor isanextremely important element inthedifferences
inthe import prices between theMember States .Itexplains inpart :
–theundercutting ofthethreshold price observed inRotterdam and
Hamburg (other reasons areadvance fixing ofthelevy andquality '
differences );
,-thehigh price level ofimported maize inItalian ports andinthe
small U.K. ports (other reasons aredifferent freight rates andport
charges ).Moreover themonetary factor istheonly explanation forthe
high price level ofmaize imported inthelarge U.K. ports (Seaforth ,
Tilbury ). v
Themonetary compensatory amount payable onimport into countries with
revalued currencies does notcompletely eliminate theadvantage of
buying with such acurrency whereas theamount granted onimports into
countries with adevalued currency does notcompletely cover their
disadvantage .This isduetothree factors :

f=;Oa:
–calculation ofthecompensatory amounts onthe "basis :ofthe
intervention price andnotthemarket price (threshold price ),
–failure totake account ofthemonthly increments inthecalculation
ofthecompensatory amount
–forcountries with adevalued currency ,themargin of1.5% deducted
from thedifference ,fised inthecalculation *between thecentral (pivot )
rate andthegreen (agricultural )rate ;this canincrease upto 2.5%
taking into account themargin of1%which isallowed "before monetary
compensatory amounts arealtered .
Annex IXshows that in1978/79theincrease inthemaize price in
relation tothethreshold price duetothis monetary faotoT incountries
with devalued currencies can "beestimated atabout 6%intheU.K. and
5c/oinItaly .
During the same period theprice advantage inrelation tothethreshold
price inthecountries with revalued currencies can "beestimated atabout 2%
intheFederal Republic ofGermany and0.4% intheNetherlands .
4
II.-BARLEY PRICES
Production ofbarley varies greatly between thedifferent Member States of
theCommunity .Theprice developments shown inAnnex IIIfortheNetherlands ,
France ,Germany ,Belgium ,Denmark ,Ireland andGreat Britain arerelated to
thelocal production andimportance ofbarley inanimal feeding (4.8million
tinDenmark in1978/79asagainst 0,36 million tintheNetherlands ).The
prices inthose countries donotcall foradetailed commentary *
Ontheother hand very high prices areobserved inItaly andinNorthern
Ireland .Thereasons forthese high prices arethe same asthose already
discussed inChapter Iasregards maize .Similarly tomaize ,there isa
deficit ofbarley inthese tworegions oftheCommunity .InItaly the
deficit wasmetin1978/79totheextent of72%from other Member States
(France )and28%from third countries (USAandCanada )-,This dependence on
imports gives market prices which tend towards thethreshold price .
InNorthern Ireland thefeed grain deficit ofaround 80%wasmet ,before
theAccession ofUK,from world market imports butisnowcovered by
supplies of "barley andwheat coming from Great Britain atahigh price

-7-
whichisdue.to"thehightransport costs(thepriceof"barleyatBelfast
in1978/79was13fohigherthanthatatCambridge ).
III.Studyoftherelativecostsofmaizeand"barleyindifferent areasof
theCommunity revealsthatthemonetaryfactorplaysasignificant part
inpriceformation inthoseMemberStateswithdevalued currencies ,to
anextentevengreaterthantheeffectofalltheotherfactorsconsidered .
Asrregardstheotherfactors,ithas"beenshownthatthereexistsubstan­
tialoostdifferences "betweenoertain MemberStatesandRotterdam .

-8-
ANNEXI
MARKETPRICEFORMAIZEINTHECOMMUNITY INRELATION TOTHETHRESHOLD PRICE
PlaceRotterdam ICENTRE
Région
Type
1976/71
1977/78
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7Duisburg
YC
1978/79100,15
100,99
100,36
100,49
101,89
100,11
98,9:5
98,9B
101,03
101,33
99,15
98,41French
8100,52 102,61
9101,37 102,1/,
10 9?,99101,23
11 96,14 101,24
12 98,15 ί98,27
1 100,60 101,67
2 100,70 102,56
3 98,57 102,85
4 98,22 100,74
5 98,47 102,22
6 ,97,81 101,23
7 97,91 102,53
Λ 99,20 101,60
105,80
107,14
98,33
97,70
98,63
100,56
102,34
103,21
103,85
103,79
103,79
102,46
100.17 "102,30
8101,11
9100,40
10 100,03
11 99,62
12 99,47
1 ί100,33
2101,03
3100,60
4101,66
5 99,95
6100,23
7 98,41
100,24YC
102,39
103,96
103,41
102,62
102,85
103,85
102,56
102,29
102,77
102,96
103,08
104,48
105,04
102,66
102,37
102,36
100,64
100,39
103,50
101,10
100,86Hamburg
95,36
102,46
98,57
96,80
97,25
97,35
97.01
97,42
97,24
99.02
96,10
94,64
__JL"LîiLiLYC
103,81
102,17
102,65
103,41
104,08
104,30
104,01
103,69
102,92
102,30
■101,58
101,58
103,04
■ III>"■1^11*1m99.94
99,61
100,80
98.95
97,75
98,39
iœ,02
99,84
98,67
98,69
98,71
99,10
99,37DK
Køben­
havn
YC
99,47
100.09
102,62
101.10
99,70
98,73
98.55
98.56
98,96
100.11
99,55
99,18UK
Seaforth BelfastIRL
Dublin
108,29
108,01
107,75
106,72
107,41
105,85
105,85
107,12
99,64
99,64
99,85
101,05
.101,34
100,26
100.36
99,89
100,84
100,84
100.37
98,06107,63
107,76
107,08
106,62
108,10
,110,91
107,57
107,31
107,05
106,80
108,76
108,76
107,86YC YC YC
107,13
106,78
108-,03
107,68
107/;'
107,99
108,99
106,55
107,96
107,65
109,02
108,21113,54
110,47
112,71
114,70
115,54
112,82
113,37
113,30I
Ravenna
YC
109,56
108,05
112,16
111,11
110.07
109,55
110.08110,88
110,'19
lli,17
11.2,49
110,61
113,71
1.12,65
108,80
108,64
107,36
106,69
107,16
110,05
109,75
109,73
107,94
109.59
111,09
108,52
111.60
111,56
111,79
112,20
109,94
107,50
107.8?110,10110,38
109,89
108,80
108,24
109,90
110,35
109,71
109,74
109,78
109,48
109,12
108,56
J0O42 _109,74
108,28
102,67
104,42
107,81
107,81
112,33
111,29
111,91
108,47
107,83
1.04,80
101,74
K'6,39
107.89
107,33
106,28
105.90
107,54
107,59
105,02
106.'1
Source:Information suppliedbyMemberStates(SeeCommission~"'markets.-.vegetable produots)publication "Agricultural
Note:YC»YellowCornUS

ΑΚΚΕΧΙΧ
MARKETPSICBFORMAIZEINITALYINRELATION TO"THETHRESHOLD PRICE .
(in>)
I,PlftCO •Gcnova Milano MilangRav«ruifc IBolognaIBologna
Type 1
iYC IYC IPlata INationale JYC, YCNationale
commune i commune
■1976/77I
-8'111,84 112,22 115,49 111,84 110,88 109,52
9 111,41 114,24 114,97 •112,81 110,49 113,10
10 111,79 116,31 119,13 111,88 111.17 .110,53
11>113.39 117,08 118,94 112,05 112,49 110,66
12^.110,64 114,70 117,65 110,28 110,61 109,36
1 112,97 116,85 123,15 113,88 113,71 113,19
2 111,89 116,67 121,73 112,33 112,65 I112,39
3 108,47 112,77 119,75 109,83 lCL.f.O I108,87r
4 108,47 112,38 119,91 110,34 100,64 109,55
5 107,09 110,42 .118,50 V108.14 f107,36 107,06
6 .106,41.110,24 113,33 107,32 -•I106,69 106,76
7 107,47 111,28 112,67 108,93 107,16 108,54
* I11.0,11 1113,82 117,93 110,80 110,05 110.02
1977/78
112,13 8.111,45 I112,30 111,55 109,74 109,39
9 108,28 110,48 111,33 105,91 ΐα°·,28 106,85
10 102,16 107,02 110,04 96,30 102,67 96,40
11 105,46 108,28 111,06 97,70 104,42 96,76
12 107,37 112,23 115,74 101,46 107,81 100,26
1 113,15 120,14 103,07 103,9 --
2 111,89 118,98 103,20 104,65
3 112,28 122,01 104,92 108,27
4 112,93 .125,09 107,79 109,73
5m,71114,34 120,94 112,15 112,33 113,15
6 i:.o,2o 114,54118,26 113,76 ,111,29 113,45
7 HO,66115,08 119,19 114,84 .111.91
108.41 112,02 I117.09 I106,05 ICS,47-' I105.71
1978/7?-
8 107,23 111,44 116,09 111,84 107,83 111,84
9 105,03 107,94 112,66 98,42 104.ro .104,08
•98,80 . 10-101,57 105,40 109,37 97,60 101,74
11 "107,28 110,05 113,84 101,88 106,39 109,32 100,86
12 107,53 111,43 114,61 103,35 107,89 108,26 103,86
1 107,07 110,07 114,99 105,44 107,33 107,78 103,35
2 105,91 109,02 114,97 104,92 106,28 105,99 102,58
3 107,71 105,36 io2,;'4
4 108,93 105,90 105,31 103,31
5 111,05 112,70 108,35 107,54 108,05 105,61
6 106,65 107,59 -106,92 103,37
7 105,01 109,38 110,74 105,15 105,02 104,74 103,37
é^94I109.31 I113.33Il04.10106,21 103.60
Average inLit/100kg
15.124 15.148 76/77 15.640 16.215 15.220 15.1^0
77/78I115.66017.300 18.100 16.390 16.685 16.340
78/79 13.400 19.120-19.710 18.100 ~~18.577 18.190
Source:1*Information supplied byItaly •
2#Questiona inthetradepaper"Ilmercatodeicereali"
3.IRVAM(italienstatistical institute )
Note»YC-Yellow CornUS
PiatateArgentine "maize
NatiorialeCommune «Italian maize

ANNSX.III *
MARKETPRICEFORBARLEY DTTHECOMMUNITY INRELATION TOTHEINTERVENTION PRICE t
(in%)
NL-Ï SdkIIKLiÎiI.
Place IRotterdam HouonIHannovBr ILie.(ViKuben-i'Junia–fCambr Bfîll'uat '.olo/ma
Antwerpen havn Icorthy I <»ro:;î>«-to
!V7^/77
S122,24 115,16 110.83 112,67
I9I125,77 U7,62110,71 115,63
!1.0 123,03 118,91 109,39 11-4,25
11 121,5'"114,99 106,90 112,06
12 119,55 115,10 109,55 111,50
1ne,77116,01 109,11 113,50
2118,01 110,04 110,17 113,10
3114,93 115,02 107,70 110,22
4 115,37 115,09 106,50 109,70
51M.15 113,36 109,36 109,42
6111,07 109,64 100,24 107.05
7105,59 94,06 :107,05
LU 117,57 115,70 107,79 111,36
1977/78I
δ 107,09 105,91 101,29 102,96 121,30
9107,87 ι107,62 99,47 101,72 123,44
10 107,1.6 ί107,17 100,07 100,51 1^,36
11 107,45 107,43 ί90,09 101,77 1.24,05
12 1.06,21 108,04 !97,75 99,79
l106,15 106,,-e ί98,36 99,4-1100,36 102,96 97,17114,79 124,25
2 104,94 108,28 I97,59 99,09 99,60101,27 97,66114,42 127,37
3103,20 106,01 96,71 90,77 99,46100,65 97,07113,22 121,10
4 10o,52 Ι107,21 90,90 •99,90100,13 111,86 105,72 123,54 12i,23
5108,66 108,07 102,85 101,17 102,54 114,68 111,21 124,20 1-3,-34
6116,16 102,29 100,65 102,69 j99,90113,67 .110,44 123,19 125,^7
7105,25 95,27 98,99 101,16 99,90100,60 107,37 117,15
i I_107A23_J1105,96 !99.30 !100,02 100,28 107,67 103,92 118,64 122,77
1978/79
b107,50 !102,74 90,88 112,37 104,54 116,08 116,90
u105,70 103,03 97,35 100,47 97,73105,36 96,50114,06 ;;n,■:
10 106,23 105,25 97,39 100,92 96,59105,14 100,02 117,17 11.4,05
11 105,93 102,64 99,17 101,36 96,39107,46 101.,78115,24 114,21
12 107,61 106,71 '101,50 102,58 97,17105,23 104,94 110,56 115,6/
1 107,52 107,06 101,42 103,00 100,54 105,02 105,04 120,89 12/,30
2108,01 110,26 100,69 104,95 102,11 113,11 109,73 121,95 124,J3
3111,28 111,97 103,14 106,09 105,40 110,89 114,74 128.38 126,57
4112,26 114,86 106,43 107,21 106,88 118,86 117,27 124,07
5113,77 113,50 106,91 109,81 107,45 125,56 120,44 134,38 129,62
6 111,71 107,45 111,32 109,62 120,39 ■\114,36 126,19 130,26
7 99,81 96,40 90,10 105,30 112,90 111,08 122,86
ûi°7,T9-107,25 104,82U°L£2-111,06 108,50 121,28 I
Source :Information supplied'byMemberStates.

-11-
Α1ΓΝΕΧIV
Maritimefreightdifferentials forcerealsbasedonthedifference betweencountryoforigin/Rotterdam
andcountryoforigin/portindicated "below -
$/tonne
CountryoforiginIFRANCE! * 1
IRELAND . ITALY U.K.3ENMABK
Dunkerqiie Cork Dublin Genova Ravenna Tilbury Seaforth Belfast K/benhavn
U.S.Gulf +6,35 +6,90 +'2.00 -+2,80-0,70-0,35 +7,40+8,00
ι
jGreatLakes +5,oo +0,85 +1,45 +6,00+7,00-1,20-1,10 +1,90 +2,10
ISt.Lawrence +,7,40 +1,10 +1,65 +4,75 +6,80-1,20-0,95 +2,15
INorthPasific +5,oo +3,50 +4,80 +1,90 +1,80
IArgentine +5,15 -4,25-3,20 +2,30 +3,00 +.5,60
IAustralia +5,oo +12,25 +13,50-0,20 +1,35
ISouthAfricai +5,15 +1,60 +2,15-0,50 +,1,05-1,20-0,85 +2,65
Denmark +6,45 +8,00 +8,10 +12,75 +18,30 +0,65 +6,95
•■• ,, '^
Differentials "basedoncurrentfreightcostsincludingstevedoring .(holdtorail)inaccordance withofficialrates#-

«12-
AE£EX V
Comparison ofcostsindifferentportsintheCommunity
fordischarge tosilo(elevator)ortoothermeansoftransport
STEVEDORENG
Discharge byelevator
Rotterdaia
DunkerqiiB
Genova
Ravenna *
Trieste
Ka"benhavn
Tilbury
Hull
Belfast *
Seaforth .
Cork
DublinHoldtorail-
uss/t
2,20
7,00
1,95
2,50
7,oo**
2,30
1,00
3,10
3,10
1,10
2,05
2,60Railtosilo-
railway-lorry ,•
usS/t
1,05coaster/barge
1,65
2,95
2,50silo
0,90-silo-lorry
4,65silo-lorry
5,00silo'–railway
2,25
fa.1,60fcoasterorsilo"1
(b.2,90roadorrailway
5,23
1,35
2,30
3,29
4,10coaster/barge
-lorry
*norailway
^coveringhold/silo,
Note:Allratesexcluding overtime .

-13-
ΑΪΓΜΕΧVI
Portcharsres
Vesselof25000tonnesDWCC/15000GRT/lO300NRT
3tugsentering/2leaving
ROTTERDAM :Hfl.38000 «$19.250,–
■$0.77Acargo
Compared with:
Genoa )(forthesamevessel)$88700,–
Ravenna )7300000Lit. '«■$3»55/tcargo
AMEXVII
Maximumtonnage(DWCC):
I.Rotterdam (Europort)s100000tonnes
Italy:24/40000tonnes
Denmark :15000tonnes
Seaforth/Tilbury:60000tonnes
IT.K.(other)/lreland :25000tonnes•.
II.Dxscharge rates
Dischargerates
Average/day
upto10000tonnes
2000tonnes
2000tonnes
3000tonnes
"' 8000tonnes
3000tonnes
3000tonnes
8000tonnes
3000tonnes
2/3000tonnes
ITote:DWCC-DeadweightcargocapacityRotterdam
Genoa
Raverina
Copenhagen
Tilbury
Hull
Belfast
Seaforth
Cork
Dublin

-14-
AIMEX VIII
ITALY
Ravenna /Milano
Trieste /Milano
compared with s
Rotterdam /Duishurg
Châlon s/Marne /Dais'burg
Paris /Duisbura -Freight rates within the Community
for "bulk cereals
Rail impossible
Road-8500Lit/t-$10.-/t
Rail-10000Lit/t-$12.-/t
Road-12000Lit/t.$14.50 /t
Barge 500/1500 t-11.-Hfl/t-$5.50/t
Barge 500/1500 t-67.50FP/t»$l6;-/t
Rail 1000t-48.9 FF/t=$9.85/t
plus 4I.4 DM/t-$22.00/t

ΑΙίΝΞΧ .IX-15-
!
Monetarysituation InItalyformaize1977/78
ι70xate
différence usedMCAinLitEt
(basedonintej>-
ventionprice
withoutmonthly 1
incr.)Actual>■-
irateThreshold price
with-monthlyin- !MCAinLit/t
(Msedonthres­
holdprice,
col51an(lreal
ratediff.,ed .4Difference between '_____6and3
Date forMCAcalcula­
tiondifference
\ _vestment
u.a./t..inLit/tmxi,a,.
rrrr I(2 3) 4) (5) 6) (7)
3.'8.1977 16.3% 19.816I17.76% 142.00 25.976 .6.160 5.-98
5*9.1977 i15.1% 18.357 16.884 ,143.46 24.943 6.586 6.39
t.
μ.10.1977 15.1% 18.357 17.51Jb.' , 144.92 26.137 7.780 7.55
7.11.1977I16.5$' 20.059 18.80% 146.38 28.345 8.286 18.04
j5.12.1977 17.8% 21.640 19.34£ 147.84 29.450 7.810 7.58
12.1.1978 22.5<f> 27.353 24.05% 149.30 36.984 9.631 9.35
1.2.1973 24.4% ,29.663 25.52% 150.76 39.628 9.965 9.67
6.3.1978 26.14 31.730 27.56% 152.22 43.210 . 11.480 11.15
3.4.1978 26.1% 31.730 27.68% 153.68 43.815 12.085 11.73
1.5.1978 26.1% 31.730 27.65% 155.14 44.183 12.453 12.0?
3.6.1978 24.7% 30.028 25.52% 156.60 41.163 11.135 10.81
3.7.1978 24.7£ 30.028 25.41% 156.60 40.986 . IO.958 IO.64
y
.P9.527 9-25

-16-
ANT'LIXIX(cont.l) Monetarysituation inItalyformaize1978/79
|%ratedifferen­cenpifirtfnyMCAinLit/t."
(basedoninter­
ventionprice
withoutmonthly -
incr.)Actual 5®
ratfiThreshold price
withmonthly
increment 1
J\.MCAinLit/t
(Via.sprirm+.lrne*?a–Difference "between ,J
6and3 <
DateMCAcalculations difference holdprice,
5,andreal
diffj.col.col.
rate
4)•inLit/t!
inu'.a./t,j
ι
1 2) 3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
1.8.1978 10.2% I4.3IO II.46* 144.25 19.227 4.917 4.26 -
11.9.1978 12.2% 17.116 13.31% 145.71 22.381 5.265 .4.56
2.10.1978 12.2% 17.116 14.09% 147*17 23.930 6.814 5.90
6.11.1978 18.2% 25.533 19.68% 148.63 33.755 8.222 7.12
4.12e1970 16.0% 22.447 16.64% 150.09 28.821 6.374 5.52 i
i
1.1*1979 17.7% 24.832 19.19% 151.55 33.561\ j
i8.729 7.56
5.2.1979 17.7% 24.832 19.46% 153.01 34.361 9.529 8.26
5.3.1979 17.7% 24.832 19.89% 154.47 35.456 10.624 9.21
9.4.1979 17.2fo 24.130 18.70% 155.93 33.649 9.519 8.25
7.5.1979 15.7% 22.026 17.57% 157.39 31.912 9.886 8.57
4.6.1979 I5.7% 22.026 16.51% 158.85 30.265 8.239 7.14
1.7.1979 15.7% 22.026 16.57% 158.85 30.375 8.349 7.23
«Φ8.039
i
I6.97

-17- ,
ANNFJ<IX(cont.2),. Monetarysituation -intheUnitedKingdomformaize
1978/1979
I
"Date%rate
difference usedMCAinL/t
("basedoninterven -Actual>
•rateThreshold pricewith
monthlyincrementMCAinh/t
(basedonthres-Difference between
6and3
forMCAcalcula­
tiontionpricewithoui
monthlyincr.)difference u.a./t..
»holdprice,..col.
5,andrealratediff..col.4)int/t■inu.a./t.
(1 (2) 3 (4 5 6. (7);
1.8.1978 24.1% 18.581 25.58% 144.25 23.402 4.821I7.60|
1.9.1978 25.7% 19.815 27.29% 145.71 25.219 5.404 8.52
9.10.1978 27.O% 20.817 28.48% 147.17 26.582 5.765 9.09
6.11.1978 30.8% 23.747 32.32% 148.63 .30.465 6.718 IO.59
4.12.1978 ί27.0£ 20.817 28.46% 150.09 27.090 6.273 9.89
1.1.1979 27.0% 20.817 29.29% 151.55 28.152 7.335 11.57
5.2.1979 28.2% 21.742 29.95i 153.01 29.063 7.321 11.54
2.3.1979 26.2% 20.200 27.72% 154.47 27.156 ,6.956 10.97
9.4.1979 23.0% 17.733 24.54% 155.93 24.268 • 6.535 »10.30
7.5.1979 21.8% 16.808 23.26 157.39 23.218 6.410 10.11
.1.6.1979 18.2% 14.032 19.65% 158.85 19.796 .5^764 9.09
2.7.1979 18.2% 14.032 19.05% 158.85 19.192 5.160 8.14
/· 1Φj
6.205 9.78