EN    EN EN 
EN    EN  EUROPEAN COMMISSION  
Brussels, 11.3.2010 
SEC(2010)251 final 
  
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT 
Technical Annex to the Communication from  the Commission to the Council and the 
European Parliament 
Report on progress in creating the internal gas and electricity market 
  
Accompanying document to the 
 
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSI ON TO THE CO UNCIL AND THE 
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 
 
Report on progress in creating the internal gas and electricity market 
  
COM(2010)84 final 
EN 2   EN COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT 
Technical Annex to the Communication from  the Commission to the Council and the 
European Parliament 
Report on progress in creating the internal gas and electricity market 
  
Accompanying document to the 
 
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSI ON TO THE CO UNCIL AND THE 
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 
 
Report on progress in creating the internal gas and electricity market 
  
COM(2010)84 final 
BACKGROUND TO THIS REPORT 
This summary technical report contains importa nt background information relevant to the 
main 2009 Communication on the implementation of the electricity and gas Directives
1. The 
bulk of the information is based on the repo rts made by national regulators, which were 
submitted in the second half of 2009. These indi vidual reports have been published and can be 
found on the website of the European Re gulators’ Group for Electricity and Gas 
(www.ergeg.org ).  
This report consists of comparative tables an d graphs which, as in previous benchmarking 
exercises, draw together key indicators subm itted by regulators. In addition, the Commission 
has this year conducted separate  country reviews of Member St ates which are more forward 
looking assessments of the prospects for competition.2 Since these comprise the main 
evaluation work of the Commissi on, no commentary has been provided for the tables in this 
document.  
Most of the data used was submitted at the end of July 2009 and ge nerally reflected the 
position at that date. However, some data items,  referring to the information in a particular 
calendar year, will refer to the ye ar 2008 as a whole. Where data is currently unavailable, this 
appears in tables as follows: “NA”  (not available) or in the case the data is not applicable for 
the abbreviation: "NAP". 
                                                 
1 2003/54/EC and 2003/55/EC  
2 see http://ec.europa.eu/energy/energy_policy/annexes_en.htm   
EN 3   EN TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
1. LEGAL IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................ 5 Table 1.1 Market opening gas & el ectricity: Proportion of ma rket open to competition . 5  
 
2. CUSTOMER DIMENSION ...................................................................................... 6 
Table 2.1 Increase in Annual Switching Rate Electricity 2007/2008 (by volume).............. 6 
Table 2.2 Increase in Annual Switching Rate Electricity 2007/2008 (by eligible point).... 7 
Table 2.3 Increase in Annual Switchin g Rate Gas 2007/2008 (by volume)......................... 8 
Table 2.4 Increase in Annual Switching Ra te Gas 2007/2008 (by metering point)............ 9 
Table 2.5 Existence of price controls – Electricity .............................................................. 10 
Table 2.6  Existence of price controls – Gas ........................................................................ 11  
 
3. ELECTRICITY MARKET INDICIATORS......................................................... 12 
Table 3.1 Degree of concentration ........................................................................................ 12 Table 3.2 Wholesale Market Posi tion Electricity – 2007/2008 ........................................... 13 
Table 3.3 Spot traded volumes as percentage of national electricity consumption.......... 14 
Table 3.4 Retail Market posi tion Electricity – 2007/2008................................................... 16  
 
4. GAS MARKET INDICIATORS ............................................................................ 17 
Table 4.1 Market Structure in Impo rt and Production of Gas.......................................... 17 
Table 4.2 Structure of Gas retail market ............................................................................. 18  
 
5. PRICE DEVELOPMENTS..................................................................................... 19 
Figure 5.1 Electricity prices for househ old consumers (2009 s01) in €/100kWh.............. 19 
Figure 5.2 Electricity prices for hous ehold consumers (2009 s01) in PPP ........................ 19 
Figure 5.3 Electricity prices for industrial consumers (2009 s01) ..................................... 20 
Figure 5.4 Gas prices for household consumers (2009 s01) in €/GJ ................................. 20 Figure 5.5 Gas prices for household consumers (2009 s01) in PPP ................................... 21 
EN 4   EN Figure 5.6 Gas prices for industrial consumers (2009 s01) ................................................ 21 
Table 5.7 Increase electricity price ho usehold consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01 ............... 22 
Figure 5.8 % increase electricity price ho usehold consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01 ......... 23 
Table 5.9 Increase in electricity prices for industrial consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01 .... 24 
Figure 5.10 % increase in electricity prices for industrial consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01
............................................................................................................................... ..... 25 
Table 5.11 Increase gas prices household consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01 ....................... 27 Figure 5.12 % increase in gas prices for industrial consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01 ....... 28 Table 5.13 Increase in gas prices for i ndustrial consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01 ............. 29 
Figure 5.14 % increase in gas prices for industrial consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01 ....... 31 Table 5.15 Overview % increases of end prices 2008 s02 – 2009 s01 per Member State 32  
 
6.  NETWORK ACCESS.............................................................................................. 33 
Table 6.1 Composition of electricity prices 2008................................................................. 33 Table 6.2 Access Conditions to Gas Transmission networks ............................................. 34  
 
7. UNBUNDLING ........................................................................................................ 35 
Table 7.1 Unbundling of Network Operato rs: Electricity Transmission.......................... 35 
Table 7.2 Unbundling of DSO in Electricity........................................................................ 36 
Table 7.3 Unbundling of Network Operators: Gas Transmission..................................... 37 Table 7.4 Unbundling of Network Operators: Gas Distribution....................................... 38  
 
8.  SUPPLY – DEMAND BALANCE.......................................................................... 39  
Table 8.1 Electricity generation 2008 ................................................................................... 39 Table 8.2 Gas Security of Supply.......................................................................................... 40 Table 8.3 Production of natural gas in EU and Norway (2008)......................................... 41 Table 8.4 LNG 2008 ............................................................................................................. .. 42 
EN 5   EN 1. LEGAL  IMPLEMENTATION 
Table 1.1 Market opening gas & electricity: Proportion of market open to competition 
Eligible consumption TWh/ GWh by annual consumption in the country  
 
 
                                                 
3 No developed gas market 
4 Transitional period, for 2009: 35%, 2013: 100% 
5 All customers eligible except for micro-systems on all interconnected islands 
6 Derogation until 2010 
7 Derogation until 2010 
8 No developed gas market 
9 Derogation until 2010  
% Market opening 
 
Electricity Gas   
  2007 2008 2007 2008 
Austria 100 100 100 100 
Belgium 100 100 100 100 
Bulgaria 100 100 100 100 
Cyprus3 31,8 31,8 0 0 
Czech Republic 100 100 100 100 
Denmark 100 100 100 100 
Estonia 13 134 100 100 
Finland 100 100 0 0 
France 100 100 100 100 
Germany 100 100 100 100 
Great Britain 100 100 100 100 
Greece 90,1 90,15 73 90 
Hungary 22,29 64,4 24,96 34,04 
Ireland 100 100 100 100 
Italy 100 100 100 100 
Latvia 100 100 NAP NAP6 
Lithuania7 74 100 100 100 
Luxembourg 100 100 100 100 
Malta8 : : : : 
Northern Ireland NAP 100 NAP 100 
Norway 100 100 : : 
Poland 100 100 100 100 
Portugal 100 100 42,9 42,99 
Romania 100 100 100 100 
Slovak Republic 100 100 100 100 
Slovenia 100 100 100 100 
Spain 100 100 100 100 
Sweden 100 100 100 100 
The Netherlands 100 100 100 100 
 
EN 6   EN 2. CUSTOMER  DIMENSION 
Table 2.1 Increase in Annual Switching Rate Electricity 2007/2008 (by volume) 
whole retail market large industry medium sized industry small industry and households 
  2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 
Austria 5,50% 9,30% 3,80% 2,70% 15,90% 13,20% 16,80% 17,60% 0,80% 3,40% 4,20% 0,80% 
Belgium NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Bulgaria 12,70% 13,80% 1,10% 48,60% 49,60% 1,00% 1,08% 1,10%  0,02% 0% 0% 0,00% 
Cyprus 0% 0% 0,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 
Czech Republic NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Denmark 13,70% 11,00% -2,70% NA  NA  20,80% 18% -2, 80% 6,40% 4% -2,40% 
Estonia 0% 0%  0% NA  0% NA  0% NA  
Finland NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
France NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Germany 10,03% 9,12% -0,91% 13,19% 10,64% -2,55% 9,71% 10,03% 0,32% 4,23% 5,53% 1,30% 
Great Britain NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Greece 0% 0% 0,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 
Hungary NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Ireland NA NA  NA 12,37%  NA  10,06%  NA 4,56%  
Italy 4,60% NA  1,20% NA  7, 00% NA %  4,00% NA  
Latvia 1% 1% 0,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 1% 1% 0,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 
Lithuania 0% 0% 0,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 
Luxembourg 15% 8% -7,00% 29,10% 15,20%  -13,90% 0,40% 1,10% 0, 70% 0,18% 0,15% -0,03% 
Malta             
Northern Ireland NAP 2,50%  NAP 8%  NAP 5%  NAP 5%  
Norway NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Poland 7,80% 7,70% -0,10% 16,95% 17,00% 0,05% 0,13% 0,31% 0,18% 0,00% 0,05% 0,05% 
Portugal 7,20% 0,10% -7,10% 0% 0% 0,00% 14,10% 0% -14, 10% 5,20% 0,20% -5,00% 
Romania NA 8,97%  6,22% 18,61% 12,39% 7,13% 3,29% -3,84%  0,93% 0,12% -0,81% 
Slovak Republic 2% 0,90% -1,10% NA 1,90%  0% 0% 0,00% 0% 0,92% 0,92% 
Slovenia 2,40% 2,60% 0,20% 0% 0,07%  0,07% 3,60% 1,70% -1, 90% 1,23% 0,83% -0,40% 
Spain 10% NA  10% NA  22% NA  3% NA  
Sweden 9,10% 9,20% 0,10% 8,70% 9, 10% 0,40% 8,70% 9,10% 0, 40% 10,40% 9,70% -0,70% 
The Netherlands NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Source: Regulators data, ∆ calculations DG TREN 
 
EN 7   EN Table 2.2 Increase in Annual Switching Rate  Electricity 2007/2008 (by eligible point) 
 whole retail market large industry medium sized industry small industry and households 
 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 
Austria 1,70% 1,70% 0,00% 5,10% 14,40% 9,30% 16,60% 17,90% 1,30% 1,70% 1,70% 0,00% 
Belgium 10,10% NA  1% NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Bulgaria 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 35% 36% 1,00% 0,01% 0,01% 0,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 
Cyprus 0% 0% 0,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 0%  0% 0,00% 0% 0,00% 0,00% 
Czech Republic 0,80% 0,90% 0,10% 33% 45% 12,00% 15% 18% 3,00%  0,80% 0,90% 0,10% 
Denmark 3,00% 2,80% -0,20% NA NA  20,70% 13,50% -7,20%  2,80% 2,70% -0,10% 
Estonia 0% 0% 0,00% 0% NA  0% NA  0% NA  
Finland 4,00% 4,40% 0,40% NA NA   NA NA  NA NA  
France 0,40% 2% 1,60% 1,20% 1%  -0,20% 0,03% 0% -0, 03% 2,20% 1,00% -1,20% 
Germany 3,36% 4,75% 1,39% 15% 17, 36% 2,36% 4,65% 4,57% -0 ,08% 3,18% 4,71% 1,53% 
Great Britain NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  19,10% 19,90% 0,80% 
Greece 0% 0% 0,00% NAP NAP  NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
Hungary NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Ireland NA 1,17%  NA 10,44%  NA 9,83%  0,40% 1,13% 0,73% 
Italy 1,90% 3,70% 1,80% 28,20% 32,50 % 4,30% 22,60% 32,80% 10,20% 1,90% 10,40% 8,50% 
Latvia 1% 1% 0,00% 0% 0%  1% 1% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 
Lithuania 0% 0% 0,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 0%  0% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 
Luxembourg 0,20% 0,20% 0,00% 11,44% 3, 60% -7,84% 0,19% 0,37% 0, 18% 0,19% 0,17% -0,02% 
Malta             
Northern Ireland NAP 0,40%  NAP 8%  NAP 5%  NAP 5,00%  
Norway 8,52% 7,80% -0,72% NAP NAP  7,57%  7,60% 0,03% 8,63%  8,10% -0,53% 
Poland NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Portugal 2,20% 1,20% -1,00% 0% 0% 0,00% 3,90% 0% -3, 90% 2,20% 1,20% -1,00% 
Romania NA 0,01%  4,42% 4,16% -0,25% 3,15% 2,07% -1, 08% 0,07% 0,00% -0,07% 
Slovak Republic 2% 0,17% -1,83% 2% 2,77% 0,77% 0% 0,15% 0,15% 0% 0,20% 0,20% 
Slovenia 0,40% 0,60% 0,20% 0% 0%  0,00% 0,02% 0,02% 0, 00% 0,40% 0,56% 0,16% 
Spain 2% NA  18% NA %  7% NA  2% NA  
Sweden 10% 11,30% 1,30% 10,30% 7,50%  -2,80% 10,30% 7,50% -2, 80% 9,50% 9,20% -0,30% 
The Netherlands NA 9,30%  NA NA  NA NA  8,50% 9,30% 0,80% 
Source: Regulators data, ∆ calculations DG TREN 
 
EN 8   EN Table 2.3 Increase in Annual Switch ing Rate Gas 2007/2008 (by volume) 
 
whole retail market large industry medium sized industry small industry and households 
 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 
Austria 3,30% 3,30% 0,00% NA NA  4,20%  4,20% 0,00% 0, 70% 0,70% 0,00% 
Belgium NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Bulgaria 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 
Cyprus NAP NAP  NAP NAP  NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
Czech Republic NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Denmark 29,00% 16,00% -13,00% NA NA  35,00%  25,00% -10,00% 4,00% 2,50% -1,50% 
Estonia NA NA  0,00% NA  0,00% NA  NA NA  
Finland NAP NAP  NAP NAP  NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
France NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Germany 3,79% 4,35% 0,56% 4,76% 6,82% 2,06% 3,88% 6,49% 2,61% 1,23% 2,57% 1,34% 
Great Britain NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Greece 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 
Hungary 8,10% 14,20% 6,10% 88,00% 91,30% 3,30% 46,00% 56,30% 10,30% 4,80% 11,80% 7,00% 
Ireland NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Italy NA 34,90%  NA 40,00%  4,70% 6, 80% 2,10% 1,00% 1,40% 0,40% 
Latvia 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 
Lithuania 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 
Luxembourg NA   0,00%   0,00%   0,00%   
Malta             
Northern Ireland NAP 0,00%  NAP 0,00%  NAP 0,00%  NAP 0,00%  
Norway             
Poland 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 
Portugal 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% NAP NAP  NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
Romania NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Slovak Republic NA 0,00%  0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% NA 0,00%  
Slovenia 0,00% 0,52% 0,52% 0,00% 1,52% 1,52% 0,00% 2,72% 2,72% 0,00% 0,03% 0,03% 
Spain 20,00% 6,00% -14,00% 20,00% 9, 00% -11,00% 20,00% 8,00% - 12,00% 15,00% 4,10% -10,90% 
Sweden NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
The Netherlands NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Source: Regulators data, ∆ calculations DG TREN  
 
EN 9   EN Table 2.4 Increase in Annual Switching Ra te Gas 2007/2008 (by metering point) 
 whole retail market large industry medium sized industry small industry and households 
 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 
Austria 0,60% 0,50% -0,10% NA 6,70%  3,90% 5,80% 1,90%  0,60% 0,50% -0,10% 
Belgium 9,66% NA  NA NA  NAP NA  NA NA  
Bulgaria 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 
Cyprus NAP NAP  NAP NAP  NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
Czech Republic NA 0,02%  5,28% 6,70%  1,42% 0,11% 1,20% 1, 09% 0,00% 0,20% 0,20% 
Denmark 0,90% 0,60% -0,30% NA NA  14,00% 13,00% -1,00%  0,90% 0,50% -0,40% 
Estonia NA NA  0,00% NA  0, 00% NA  NA 2,10%  
Finland NAP NAP  NAP NAP  NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
France NA 9,81%  NA NA  NA NA  0,50% 9,82% 9,32% 
Germany 1,01% 2,85% 1,84% 4,20% 15,81% 11,61% 0,85% 8,63% 7,78% 1,01% 2,78% 1,77% 
Great Britain NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  18,40% 18,90% 0,50% 
Greece 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 
Hungary NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Ireland NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Italy 0,80% 1,20% -0,40% 5,40% 14,20% 8,80% 4,20% 3,50% -0 ,70% 0,70% 1,10% 0,40% 
Latvia 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 
Lithuania 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 
Luxembourg NA   0,00%   0,00%   0,00%   
Malta             
Northern Ireland NAP 0,00%  NAP 0,00%  NAP 0,00%  NAP 0,00%  
Norway             
Poland 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 
Portugal 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% NAP NAP  NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
Romania NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  NA NA  
Slovak Republic 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0, 00% 0,00% 0,00% NA 0,00%  NA 0,00%  
Slovenia 0,00% 0,06% 0,06% 0,00% 11,76% 11,76% 0,00% 1,20% 1,20% 0,00% 0,32% 0,32% 
Spain 5,00% 4,10% 0,90% 20,00% 9, 00% -11,00% 20,00% 8,00% - 12,00% 5,00% 4,00% -1,00% 
Sweden NA 0,80%  NA 8,70%  NA 8,70%  NA 0,30%  
The Netherlands NA 9,10%  NA NA  NA NA  8,30% 9,10% 0,80% 
Source: Regulators data, ∆ calculations DG TREN
 
EN 10   EN Table 2.5 Existence of price controls – Electricity  
 
End-user price regulation in 2008 
Number of customers 
supplied under end-user 
prices Consumption supplied 
under end-user prices (in 
TWh) 
 Households Non-
households
HouseholdsNon-
householdsHouseholds Non-
households
Austria NO NO 0 0 0 0 
Belgium NO NO NA NA NA NA 
Bulgaria YES YES 4.292.375 496.151 10,03 10,78 
Cyprus YES YES 386.489 114.000 1,682 2,873 
Czech 
Republic NO NO 0 0 0 0 
Denmark YES YES NA NA NA NA 
Estonia YES YES 527.096 NA 1,845 NA 
Finland NO NO NAP 0 0 0 
France YES YES 29.106.000 4.012.000 137 154 
Germany NO NO NAP NAP NAP NAP 
Great Britain NO NO 0 0 0 0 
Greece YES YES 5.715.479 NA 18,1 NA 
Hungary YES YES 5.042.332 257.752 11,46 1,34 
Ireland YES YES 1.974.757 124.632 9,083 4,49 
Italy YES YES 27.017.000 5.621.000 59,6 42,5 
Latvia YES NO 995.000 91.891 1,657 4,385 
Lithuania YES YES 1.391.429 55.952 2,75 5,9 
Luxembourg NO NO NAP NAP NAP NAP 
Malta       
Northern 
Ireland YES YES 747 NAP 3,293 1,518 
Norway NO NO NAP NAP NAP NAP 
Poland YES NO 13.342.263 1. 224.470 26,9 2,8 
Portugal YES YES 5.836.057 55.370 18,249 25,659 
Romania YES YES 8.179.188 593.746 10,372 12,977 
Slovak 
Republic YES NO 617.798 0 1,64 0 
Slovenia NO NO 0 0 0 0 
Spain YES YES 24.173.317 599.065 76,45 28 
Sweden NO NO 0 0 0 0 
The 
Netherlands YES YES 6.906.000 1.025.000 25,2 12,985 
Source: Regulators Data 
 
 
 
 
 
EN 11   EN  
Table 2.6  Existence of price controls – Gas  
End-user price regulation in 2008 
  
Existence of price 
controls Number of customers 
supplied under end-user 
prices Consumption supplied 
under end-user prices (in 
TWh) 
 Households Non-
householdsHouseholdsNon-
householdsHouseholds Non-
households
Austria NO NO 0 0 0 0 
Belgium NO NO NA NA NA NA 
Bulgaria YES YES 3.334 46.187 0,44 3,48 
Cyprus NO NO 0 0 0 0 
Czech 
Republic NO NO 0 0 0 0 
Denmark YES YES NA NA NA NA 
Estonia YES YES 51.306 NA 1,779 NA 
Finland NO NO 0 0 0 0 
France YES YES 9.940.000 473.000 133 150 
Germany NO NO NAP NAP NAP NAP 
Great Britain NO NO 0 0 0 0 
Greece YES YES 187.730 11.390 2,8 2,91 
Hungary YES YES 3.294.883 208.194 38,175 36,507 
Ireland YES YES 594.169 21.904 9,111 7,042 
Italy YES NO 17.597.115 813.686 179,89 28,93 
Latvia NO NO 433.700 7.900 1,3 14,2 
Lithuania YES YES 544.400 5.710 1,7 28,6 
Luxembourg       
Malta       
Northern 
Ireland YES YES 110.000 5.000 1,172 2,051 
Norway       
Poland YES YES 6.500.642 57.631 39,74 111,05 
Portugal YES YES 1.082.930 4353 3,251 26,256 
Romania YES YES 2.674.407 157.735 28,745 NA 
Slovak 
Republic YES NO 1.400.943 73.683 15,149 46,981 
Slovenia NO NO 0 0 0 0 
Spain YES NO 3.862.235 0 38,7 0 
Sweden NO NO 0 0 0 0 
The 
Netherlands YES YES 6.559.000 161.000 9081 4013 
Source: Regulators Data 
 
EN 12   EN 3. ELECTRICITY MARKET INDICIATORS  
Table 3.1 Degree of concentration  
 Electricity (generation) 
Very highly concentrated  
[HHI above 5000] BE, FR, GR,  LV, LU,  SK,  
Highly concentrated  
[HHI 1800-5000] CZ, DE, LT, PT, SI, RO, HU,  DK, 
NO 
Moderately concentrated  
[HHI 750-1800] FI, PL, UK,  ES, IT, NL, AT 
Source: Regulators’ submissions, DG TREN calculations 
(HHI by capacity – sum of squared shares of individual companies)  
 
EN 13   EN Table 3.2 Wholesale Market Po sition Electricity – 2007/2008 
Number of companies with 
more than 5 % share of 
generation capacity (%) Share of 3 biggest 
companies (by capacity) 
(%) HHI (by capacity) ELECTRICITY 
  
  
  
  2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 
Austria 5 6 1 51,2 50 -1,2 NAP NAP  
Belgium 2 2 0 99,9 97,5 -2,4 8390 7206 -1184 
Bulgaria 6 6 0 56,4 56,4 0 NA NA  
Cyprus 1 1 0 100 100 0 1 1 0 
Czech Republic 1 1 0 76,85 75,31 -1,54 NA NA  
Denmark 2 2 0 75 75 0 NA NA  
Estonia 1 1 0 99 99 0 NAP NAP  
Finland 4 4 0 68 68 0 NA NA  
France 1 1 0 93 93 0 6960 NA  
Germany 4 4 0 85,4 84,7 -0,7 NA 2008  
Great Britain 8 8 0 41 42 1 986 901 -85 
Greece 1 1 0 NA NA  10000 10000 0 
Hungary 5 5 0 67 67,9 0,9 2119 1911 -208 
Ireland 5 4 -1 71 86 15 NA NA  
Italy 5 5 0 61,2 57,6 -3,6 2126 1351 -775 
Latvia 1 1 0 93 94 1 8110 8110 0 
Lithuania 3 3 0 84 85 1 3160 3095 -65 
Luxembourg 3 3 0 80 79 -1 5843 5682 -161 
Malta      0    
Northern Ireland NAP 4  NAP 86  NAP 4096  
Norway 6 6 0 40 43 3 NA 1826  
Poland 5 5 0 50,9 52,5 1,6 1312,7 1363,3 50,6 
Portugal 2 2 0 72,5 72,2 -0,3 4472 4521 49 
Romania 5 5 0 63,7 70,98 7,28 1813 2116 303 
Slovak Republic 1 1 0 85,2 83,9 -1,3 6930 5019,922 -1910,08 
Slovenia 3 3 0 92,7 92,5 -0,2 7208 4369 -2839 
Spain 5 5 0 76 72,9 -3,1 1827 1716 -111 
Sweden 3 3 0 78 74,7 -3,3 NA NA  
The Netherlands 6 4 -2 61 69,9 8,9 1592 1551  -41  
Source: Regulators data, ∆ calculations DG TREN   
 
EN 14   EN Table 3.3 Spot traded volumes as percentage  of national electricity consumption 
consumption 
(TWh) electr traded (PX - 
spot) TWh volume % of consumption Number of traders active at 
PX 
  2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 
Poland 153,1 152,5 2,46 2,11 1,61 1,38 -0,22 NA 33 NAP
Czech Republic 72 72 0,5 1,36 0,69 1,89 1,19 29 29 0
Great Britain 350,08 351,37 16,5 11,4 4,71 3,24 -1,47 60 62 2
Romania 54,126 55,206 5,043 5,208 9,32 9,43 0,12 99 87 -12
France 480,3 494,5 44,2 51,6 9,20 10,43 1,23 68 70 2
The Netherlands 112 119 20,7 24,826 18,48 20,86 2,38 NA 65 NAP
Germany 569,2 569 122,26 152,1 21,48 26,73 5,25 192 203 11
Lithuania 9,1 9,8 2 3,7 21,98 37,76 15,78 5 5 0
Finland 90,3 86,9 41,4 43,6 45,85 50,17 4,33 NAP NAP NAP
Spain 276,3 279,9 163,7 141,6 59,25 50,59 -8,66 25 25 0
Norway 125,8 127,4 71,1 77,5 56,52 60,83 4,31 130 133 3
Italy 339,9 339,5 221,3 232,6 65,11 68,51 3,41 89 106 17
Sweden 157,4 155 134,3 132,7 85,32 85,61 0,29 150 NA NAP
Portugal 50,05 50,574 21,839 47,144 43,63 93,22 49,58 2 2 0
Denmark 35,7 36,2 35,4 34,7 99,16 95,86 -3,30 9 9 0
Greece 55,25 55,68 58,4 58,83 105,70 105,66 -0,04 27 38 11
Ireland 28,9 27 6,44 36,51 22,28 135,22 112,94 NAP NAP NAP
Northern Ireland NAP 9,6 NAP 36,51  380,31   NAP NAP NAP
Source: Regulators data, ∆ calculations DG TREN 
Sorted by 2008 % volume of consumption  
Notes: 
BE: In 2007, 7,6 TWh was traded on Belpex DAM (which is about 8,5% of the Belgian consumption). The bought volume amounts to 6, 8 TWh, whereas the sold volume is 4,9 TWh. These figures differ because Belpex DAM 
is coupled with Powernext and APX. 
BG: There is no power exchange - spot in Bulgaria. DK: Total trade on Nord Pool in physical spot market in 2004: 167 TWh. Denmark contributes with 19,2 TWh corresponding to 11,5%  of the total. Total trade on Nord Pool in physical spot market in 2005: 176 TWh. Denmark 
contributes with 25,7 TWh corresponding to 14,6% of the total. To tal trade on Nord Pool in physical spot market in 2006: 250 TW h. Denmark contributes with 34,4 TWh corresponding to 13,8% of the total. Total trade on Nord 
Pool in physical spot market in 2007: 291 TWh. Denmark cont ributes with 35,4 TWh corresponding to 12,2% of the total. 
FI: Not relevant due to Nordic markets. 
FR: Source: Powernext Day-ahead. 
 
EN 15   EN DE: 2007: Day-ahead spot market for the market area of Germa ny/ Austria 117,93 TWh; market ar ea Switzerland 4,33 TWh; 2008: Day -ahead spot market for the market area of  Germany/ Austria 145.94 TWh; market area 
Switzerland 6.16 TWh; source: EEX. GR: Calculated as the sum of generated energy plus imports. 
HU: There is no power exchange in Hungary (although the HUPX Hungarian Power Exchange Cl osed Company Limited by Shares has been  established in 2007). 
IE: The Single Electricity Market for the island of Ireland is a gross mandatory pool, therefore all energy goes through the po ol. The market started on the 1st November 2007 and the 2007 figure above represents energy for 
Nov and Dec 2007. The 2008 figure represents Jan - Dec 2008. Th e Single Electricity Market is not a power exchange. 
LU: No power exchange in Luxembourg. 
Northern Ireland: 2008 - The Market for the Island of Ireland is a gross mandatory pool, therefore all energy goes through the pool. 
PT: Only the period 2008/07/01-2008/12/31; Includes day-ahead and intraday demand. 
ES: Besides, in 2006, 104 TWh were negotiate d in bilateral contracts out of the PX s pot market, and 59 TWh were cleared at the PX over the counter. 
The amount of bilateral contracts negotiated out of the PX (104 TWh) was a temporary c onsequence of the (already revoked) Royal  Decree Law 3/2006 (see National Report 2007). Ex cludes trading on bilateral, VPPs and 
CESUR contracts. 
SE: The values show the total purchased volume in the Swedish Elspot Bid Area. 
 
EN 16   EN Table 3.4 Retail Market po sition Electricity – 2007/2008 
Number of 
nationwide 
suppliers Companies with market share 
over 5% in the whole retail 
market (%) Market share of three largest 
companies in whole retail 
market (%) ELECTRICITY 
  
  
  
  2008 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 
Austria 10 7 6 -1 64 62 -2 
Belgium 12 4 NA 1 NA NA NA 
Bulgaria 1 3 3 0 97,5 97,5 0 
Cyprus 1 1 1 0 100 100 0 
Czech Republic 310 3 3 0 99 99 0 
Denmark 16 7 7 0 NA NA  
Estonia 3 1 1 0 99 99 0 
Finland 25 4 4 0 40 40 0 
France 17 1 1 0 94 97 3 
Germany 17 3 3 0 46,1 52 5,9 
Great Britain 17 NA NA  NA NA  
Greece 37 1 1 0 100 100 0 
Hungary 78 4 4 0 87,18 80,73 -6,45 
Ireland 9 4 4 0 85 84 -1 
Italy 23 3 3 0 60 59 -1 
Latvia 2 1 1 0 100 100 0 
Lithuania 2 1 1 0 100 100 0 
Luxembourg 7 3 4 1 93 94 1 
Malta        
Northern Ireland 18 NAP 4  NAP 90  
Norway 26 5 5 0 31,2 36 4,8 
Poland 19 6 6 0 44,9 44,3 -0,6 
Portugal 4 2 2 0 99,6 99,6 0 
Romania 138 5 5 0 44 48 4 
Slovak Republic 176 3 3 0 35 60 25 
Slovenia 13 7 7 0 68 58 -10 
Spain 75 4 4 0 83,9 84,8 0,9 
Sweden 104 3 3 0 NA NA  
The Netherlands 21 4 4 0 NA NA  
Source: Regulators data, ∆ calculations DG TREN  
 
EN 17   EN 4. GAS  MARKET  INDICIATORS   
Table 4.1 Market Structure in Im port and Production of Gas 
Number of companies 
with more than 5 % 
share of available gas 
(%)10 Share of 3 biggest 
companies by 
available gas (%) HHI GAS 
2006 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 2008 
Austria 4 4 0 80 86 6 4290 
Belgium 2 4 2 99,4 92 -7,4 5438 
Bulgaria 1 1 0 32,47 89 56,53 NAP 
Cyprus NAP NAP  NAP NAP  NAP 
Czech Republic 1 2 1 NA NA  NA 
Denmark 3 3 0 NA NA  NA 
Estonia 2 2 0 99 99 0 NA 
Finland 1 1 0 100 100 0 NAP 
France 2 2 0 88,97 88 -0,97 6324 
Germany NA 7  58,65 61,82 3,17 1706 
Great Britain NA NA  28 NA  NA 
Greece 1 1 0 100 100 0 10000 
Hungary 4 4 0 92,8 86,9 -5,9 3066 
Ireland NA 5  NA 81,64  2499 
Italy 3 3 0 86,7 85,2 -1,5 4336 
Latvia 1 1 0 100 100 0 10000 
Lithuania 2 2 0 100 100 0 5800 
Luxembourg 1 2 1 100 100 0 9057 
Malta        
Northern Ireland NAP 5  NAP 82,7  10000 
Norway        
Poland 1 1 0 100 100 0 951 
Portugal 0 0 0 0 0 0 NAP 
Romania 4 3 -1 74 83,19 9,19 NAP 
Slovak Republic 1 1 0 100 100 0 10000 
Slovenia 1 2 1 100 100 0 8981 
Spain 4 4 0 75 66 -9 1887 
Sweden 5 NA  NA NA  NA 
The Netherlands 4 1 -3 NA 87,8  6841,24 
Source: Regulators data, ∆ calculations DG TREN 
 
                                                 
10 Note: No answer to this question was required in 2007 
 
EN 18   EN Table 4.2 Structure of Gas retail market  
Number of 
nationwide 
suppliers Companies with market 
share over 5% in the 
whole retail market (%) Market share of three 
largest companies in 
whole retail market (%) GAS 
2008 2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 
Austria 5 5 5 0 NA 80  
Belgium 8 NA NA 0 92,3 NA  
Bulgaria 32 5 4 -1 32,47 12,87 -19,6 
Cyprus 1 NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
Czech Republic 14 7 8 1 NA 47,35  
Denmark 2 4 4 0 NA NA  
Estonia 0 1 1 0 99 99 0 
Finland 1 6 6 0 NA NA  
France 13 3 2 -1 98,5 NA  
Germany NA 4 4 0 26,3 35,2 8,9 
Great Britain 24 NA NA  72 72 0 
Greece 1 1 1 0 100 100 0 
Hungary 14 7 7 0 75 72,6 -2,4 
Ireland 5 2 2 0 100 100 0 
Italy 4 3 4 1 66,5 63,4 -3,1 
Latvia 2 1 1 0 100 100 0 
Lithuania 2 2 2 0 100 100 0 
Luxembourg  4   88,5   
Malta        
Northern Ireland 0 NAP 4  NAP 86  
Norway        
Poland 1 1 1 0 100 100 0 
Portugal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Romania 24 4 6 2 83 59,11 -23,89 
Slovak Republic 1 1 1 0 100 100 0 
Slovenia 3 2 4 2 86 82 -4 
Spain 34 5 5 0 74 71 -3 
Sweden 0 5 5 0 NA NA  
The Netherlands 14 4 3 -1 NA NA  
Source: Regulators data, ∆ calculations DG TREN 
 
EN 19   EN 
5. PRICE  DEVELOPMENTS   
Figure 5.1 Electricity prices for hous ehold consumers (2009 s01) in €/100kWh11 
 
Source: Eurostat 
 
Figure 5.2 Electricity prices for ho usehold consumers (2009 s01) in PPP 
 
 
 
      
Source: Eurostat 
                                                 
11 'Household consumers' refer to consumer band Dc (annual consumption between 2500 and 5000 kWh). 
 
EN 20   EN 
Figure 5.3 Electricity prices for industrial consumers (2009 s01) 12 
 
Source: Eurostat 
 
Figure 5.4 Gas prices for househol d consumers (2009 s01) in €/GJ 13 
 
Source: Eurostat  
                                                 
12 'Industrial consumers' refer to consumer band Ic (annual consumption between 500 and 2000 MWh). 
13 'Household consumers' refer to consumer band D2 (annual consumption between 20 and 200 GJ). 
 
EN 21   EN Figure 5.5 Gas prices for household consumers (2009 s01) in PPP 
 
Figure 5.6 Gas prices for indus trial consumers (2009 s01) 14 
 
Source: Eurostat 
 
 
 
                                                 
14 'Industrial consumers' refer to consumer band I3 (annual consumption between 10 000 and 100 000 GJ). 
 
EN 22   EN Table 5.7 Increase electricity price household consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01 
(Prices in €/kWh, end prices  without taxes) – sorted by ∆ %  
  Band DC: 2 500 kWh 
 < Consumption < 5 000 kWh   Band DD: 5 000 kWh 
 < Consumption < 15 000 kWh 
  2008 s02 2009 s01 ∆ %     2008 s02 2009 s01 ∆ % 
CY  0,1754 0,1336 -23,83   CY  0,1809 0,1379 -23,77 
PL  0,1005 0,0883 -12,14   RO  0,0921 0,0783 -14,98 
RO  0,0920 0,0814 -11,52   PL  0,0951 0,0834 -12,30 
BE  0,1578 0,1431 -9,32   HU  0,1262 0,1113 -11,81 
NO  0,1237 0,1131 -8,57   NO  0,0898 0,0793 -11,69 
UK  0,1530 0,1399 -8,56   SE  0,0954 0,0847 -11,22 
SE  0,1137 0,1040 -8,53   BE  0,1402 0,1255 -10,49 
DK  0,1323 0,1239 -6,35   DK  0,1156 0,1068 -7,61 
HU  0,1281 0,1227 -4,22   UK  0,1334 0,1253 -6,07 
EU27  0,1249 0,1236 -1,04   MT  0,1719 0,1686 -1,92 
IE  0,1791 0,1789 -0,11   ES  0,1219 0,1203 -1,31 
BG  0,0685 0,0685 0,00   IE  0,1625 0,1619 -0,37 
LV  0,0956 0,0957 0,10   BG  0,0680 0,0680 0,00 
SK  0,1283 0,1294 0,86   LV  0,0954 0,0954 0,00 
ES  0,1277 0,1294 1,33   EU27 0,1150 0,1157 0,61 
FI  0,0955 0,0974 1,99   GR  0,1233 0,1253 1,62 
CZ  0,1080 0,1102 2,04   FR  0,0808 0,0827 2,35 
EA  0,1233 0,1259 2,11   CZ  0,0886 0,0914 3,16 
FR  0,0931 0,0959 3,01   FI  0,0823 0,0852 3,52 
DE  0,1341 0,1401 4,47   EA  0,1156 0,1202 3,98 
GR  0,1005 0,1055 4,98   EE  0,0649 0,0682 5,08 
EE  0,0670 0,0712 6,27   DE  0,1207 0,1272 5,39 
AT  0,1268 0,1380 8,83   AT  0,1196 0,1263 5,60 
NL  0,1320 0,1440 9,09   LT  0,0697 0,0754 8,18 
LT  0,0732 0,0799 9,15   NL  0,1220 0,1330 9,02 
MT  0,1463 0,1627 11,21   SK  0,1095 0,1247 13,88 
LU  0,1391 0,1619 16,39   LU  0,1283 0,1476 15,04 
SI  0,0919 0,1070 16,43   SI  0,0870 0,1036 19,08 
PT  0,1066 0,1264 18,57   PT  0,0921 0,1146 24,43 
IT  : : :   IT  : : : 
Source: Eurostat; ∆ calculation by DG TREN   
 
 
    
 
EN 23   EN -30-20-100102030
CY PL RO BE 
NO UK SE 
DK HU 
EU27 IE BG 
LV SK 
ES FI CZ EA FR 
DE GR EE AT 
NL LT MT LU SI PT IT DC DDFigure 5.8 % increase electricity price household consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01 
 ∆ % sorted on DC   
 
EN 24   EN Table 5.9 Increase in electricity prices fo r industrial consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01 
(Prices in €/kWh, end prices  without taxes) – sorted by ∆ %  
  Band IC: 500 MWh 
 < Consumption < 2 000 MWh   Band ID: 2 000 MWh 
 < Consumption < 20 000 MWh 
  2008 s02 2009 s01 ∆ %     2008 s02 2009 s01 ∆ % 
CY  0,1785 0,1164 -34,79   CY  0,1694 0,1061 -37,37 
DK  0,0885 0,0738 -16,61   DK  0,0885 0,0725 -18,08 
IE  0,1419 0,1206 -15,01   IE  0,1276 0,1070 -16,14 
RO  0,0950 0,0811 -14,63   SE  0,0681 0,0587 -13,80 
SE  0,0768 0,0662 -13,80   RO  0,0799 0,0734 -8,14 
NO  0,0748 0,0669 -10,56   MT  0,1323 0,1230 -7,03 
MT  0,1619 0,1516 -6,36   CZ  0,0930 0,0929 -0,11 
CZ  0,1108 0,1057 -4,60   BG  0,5880 0,5880 0,00 
BG  0,0644 0,0639 -0,78   EU27 0,0833 0,0836 0,36 
PL  0,0853 0,0857 0,47   UK  0,0975 0,0986 1,13 
EU27  0,0926 0,0941 1,62   DE  0,0831 0,0843 1,44 
HU  0,1195 0,1221 2,18   HU  0,1064 0,1083 1,79 
FI  0,0647 0,0663 2,47   EA  0,0823 0,0839 1,94 
DE  0,0951 0,0975 2,52   NO  0,0554 0,0565 1,99 
UK  0,1050 0,1077 2,57   FI  0,0616 0,0631 2,44 
GR  0,0920 0,0948 3,04   PL  0,0738 0,0761 3,12 
EA  0,0915 0,0951 3,93   NL  0,0850 0,0880 3,53 
NL  0,0890 0,0940 5,62   GR  0,0798 0,0829 3,88 
EE  0,0550 0,0587 6,73   ES  0,0847 0,0907 7,08 
ES  0,1016 0,1098 8,07   EE  0,0472 0,0507 7,42 
LT  0,0838 0,0924 10,26   SK  0,1164 0,1263 8,51 
SK  0,1283 0,1416 10,37   SI  0,0770 0,0842 9,35 
SI  0,0951 0,1063 11,78   LT  0,0704 0,0781 10,94 
LV  0,0796 0,0896 12,56   PT  0,0704 0,0830 17,90 
FR  0,0561 0,0647 15,33   FR  0,0501 0,0592 18,16 
PT  0,0781 0,0919 17,67   LV  0,0711 0,0849 19,41 
LU  0,0927 0,1096 18,23   BE  : 0,0928 : 
BE  : 0,1026 :   IT  : : : 
IT  : : :   LU  : 0,0858 : 
AT  0,0905 : :   AT  0,0813 : : 
Source: Eurostat; ∆ calculation by DG TREN 
 
EN 25   EN -50-40-30-20-100102030
CY DK IE 
RO SE NO 
MT CZ 
BG PL 
EU27 HU FI 
DE 
UK 
GR EA NL 
EE ES LT 
SK SI 
LV FR 
PT IC IDFigure 5.10 % increase in electricity prices for industrial consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01  
∆ % sorted on IC  
 
            
 
  
 
 
 Avera ge EU increase
 
EN 26   EN  
 Band IE: 20 000 MWh 
 < Consumption < 70 000 MWh  Band IF: 70 000 MWh 
 < Consumption < 150 000 MWh 
  2008 s02 2009 s01 ∆ %    2008 s02 2009 s01 ∆ % 
CY  0,1518 0,0983 -35,24  CY  0,1530 0,0985 -35,62 
DK  0,0845 0,0658 -22,13  DK  0,0845 0,0658 -22,13 
IE  0,1150 0,0967 -15,91  SE  0,0618 0,0491 -20,55 
SE  0,0615 0,0522 -15,12  NO  0,0342 0,0298 -12,87 
NO  0,0512 0,0474 -7,42  IE  0,1004 0,0879 -12,45 
SI  0,0627 0,0595 -5,10  GR  0,0664 0,0627 -5,57 
FI  0,0543 0,0520 -4,24  SI  0,0741 0,0709 -4,32 
RO  0,0683 0,0663 -2,93  FI  0,0536 0,0517 -3,54 
EA  0,0771 0,0757 -1,82  EU27 0,0744 0,0728 -2,15 
EU27  0,0780 0,0769 -1,41  EA  0,0728 0,0714 -1,92 
DE  0,0798 0,0788 -1,25  UK  0,0967 0,0952 -1,55 
PL  0,0705 0,0709 0,57  ES  0,0690 0,0692 0,29 
GR  0,0724 0,0739 2,07  SK  0,0937 0,0945 0,85 
UK  0,0953 0,0974 2,20  CZ  0,0841 0,0859 2,14 
BG  0,0511 0,0527 3,13  DE  0,0755 0,0779 3,18 
CZ  0,0825 0,0862 4,48  BG  0,0450 0,0465 3,33 
NL  0,0840 0,0880 4,76  PL  0,0667 0,0690 3,45 
EE  0,0394 0,0419 6,35  LV  0,0684 0,0729 6,58 
ES  0,0743 0,0794 6,86  RO  0,0548 0,0593 8,21 
SK  0,0986 0,1097 11,26  HU  0,0874 0,0956 9,38 
LT  0,0661 0,0741 12,10  NL  0,0820 0,0900 9,76 
PT  0,0579 0,0650 12,26  FR  0,0465 0,0516 10,97 
HU  0,0964 0,1108 14,94  EE  0,0362 0,0405 11,88 
FR  0,0514 0,0611 18,87  PT  0,0505 0,0610 20,79 
LV  0,0686 0,0823 19,97  BE  : 0,0789 : 
BE  : 0,0856 :  IT  : : : 
IT  : : :  LT  : : : 
LU  : : :  LU  : : : 
MT  : : :  MT  : : : 
AT  0,0794 : :  AT  0,0735 : : 
 
Source: Eurostat 
∆ calculation by DG TREN 
 
EN 27   EN Table 5.11 Increase gas prices household consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01 
(Prices in €/Gigajoules, end pri ces without taxes) – sorted by ∆ % 
  
Band D1: Consumption < 20 GJ  Band D2: 20 GJ 
 < Consumption < 200 GJ  Band D3: Consumption > 200 GJ 
  2008 s02 2009 s01 ∆ %    2008 s02 2009 s01 ∆ %    2008 s02 2009 s01 ∆ % 
PL  14,7528 11,8108 -19,94  PL  11,7191 8,8525 -24,46  PL  10,5599 8,4861 -19,64
SE  22,2253 18,0466 -18,80  SE  16,9480 13,9953 -17,42  SE  16,2376 13,2587 -18,35
RO  6,1610 5,2951 -14,05  BE  16,3700 13,5400 -17,29  BE  15,3500 12,5700 -18,11
IT  17,7570 15,2880 -13,90  DE  16,1400 13,4800 -16,48  DE  14,6000 12,0900 -17,19
BE  22,8800 19,7900 -13,51  RO  6,1445 5,2832 -14,02  RO  6,1174 5,2596 -14,02
FR  27,7450 24,2100 -12,74  UK  12,7323 11,2776 -11,43  ES  13,5640 11,7800 -13,15
SI  19,9400 17,8700 -10,38  EU27 13,8443 12,6553 -8,59  PT  15,2840 13,3300 -12,78
EA  21,9768 20,0224 -8,89  SI  15,6800 14,4400 -7,91  UK  11,1731 10,1141 -9,48
EU27 19,0010 17,3600 -8,64  EA  14,8054 13,6706 -7,66  CZ  12,3891 11,3397 -8,47
DE  22,9700 21,0700 -8,27  CZ  12,3418 11,5531 -6,39  EU27 12,4034 11,4336 -7,82
UK  13,4520 12,6314 -6,10  ES  15,6360 14,6400 -6,37  EA  13,2113 12,2748 -7,09
DK  13,1277 12,3959 -5,57  PT  16,6450 15,6800 -5,80  DK  13,1277 12,3959 -5,57
ES  18,6810 17,6400 -5,57  DK  13,1277 12,3959 -5,57  LU  11,7400 11,2000 -4,60
CZ  17,6629 16,7918 -4,93  FR  13,7090 13,0100 -5,10  SI  14,7400 14,2600 -3,26
IE  17,3600 16,9100 -2,59  LU  12,7300 12,1900 -4,24  HU  11,0929 10,8535 -2,16
PT  21,4060 20,8700 -2,50  IE  15,9000 15,7600 -0,88  FR  12,0630 11,8700 -1,60
HU  11,4258 11,2107 -1,88  SK  10,8599 10,7810 -0,73  LV  12,9183 12,8840 -0,27
EE  9,3427 9,3048 -0,41  LV  13,2013 13,2097 0,06  IE  15,1400 15,1600 0,13
SK  22,8942 23,3480 1,98  HU  10,7727 11,1477 3,48  AT  10,9000 11,5400 5,87
AT  15,4800 16,0200 3,49  AT  12,5500 13,1300 4,62  SK  10,1501 10,7920 6,32
NL  20,0580 20,8200 3,80  IT  13,5540 14,1850 4,66  NL  12,5940 13,4300 6,64
LV  18,3799 20,2039 9,92  EE  8,3818 8,9926 7,29  EE  8,2393 8,9688 8,85
LU  16,7900 19,0800 13,64  NL  13,4050 14,4330 7,67  IT  11,5320 12,5560 8,88
BG  9,6585 11,0287 14,19  LT  9,0050 9,9989 11,04  BG  9,6891 11,2281 15,88
LT  12,8454 16,2928 26,84  BG  9,0500 10,9469 20,96  LT  7,5341 9,5771 27,12
Source: Eurostat 
∆ calculation by DG TREN  
 
 
EN 28   EN -30-20-100102030
PL 
SE 
RO 
IT 
BE 
FR 
SI 
EA 
EU27
DE 
UK DK
 ES 
CZ 
IE 
PT 
HU 
EE 
SK 
AT 
NL 
LV 
LU 
BG 
LT D1 D2 D3Figure 5.12 % increase in gas prices for industrial consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
∆ % sorted on D1
 Avera ge EU increase
 
EN 29   EN Table 5.13 Increase in gas prices for industrial consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01 
(Prices in €/Gigajoules, end prices without taxes) – sorted by ∆ % 
  
Band I1: Consumption < 1 000 GJ  Band I2: 1 000 GJ 
 < Consumption < 10 000 GJ  Band I3: 10 000 GJ 
 < Consumption <100 000 GJ 
  2008 s02 2009 s01 ∆ %    2008 s02 2009 s01 ∆ %    2008 s02 2009 s01 ∆ % 
PL 12,3044 9,0022 -26,84  LT 12,6915 9,3088 -26,65  LT 12,1420 8,7301 -28,10
LT 12,9240 9,6047 -25,68  SE 14,7154 11,1410 -24,29  SE 12,8886 9,2995 -27,85
SE 16,5421 12,5221 -24,30  PL 10,7579 8,4995 -20,99  RO 6,3579 5,0966 -19,84
ES  10,5630 8,2600 -21,80  IE 12,7000 10,5100 -17,24  PL 9,3301 7,7331 -17,12
BE 15,8400 12,4500 -21,40  DE 13,7000 11,7100 -14,53  BE 10,4800 8,7300 -16,70
HU 13,2659 11,1544 -15,92  RO 6,1234 5,2383 -14,45  DK 8,8126 7,3820 -16,23
DE 14,3200 12,0700 -15,71  BE 12,5900 10,8100 -14,14  IE 10,9900 9,3000 -15,38
RO 6,1182 5,2832 -13,65  ES 9,6860 8,3300 -14,00  CZ 10,6050 8,9816 -15,31
EU27 12,4641 11,4999 -7,74  HU 12,7073 10,9976 -13,45  EE 8,5652 7,3011 -14,76
EA 12,9258 11,9646 -7,44  SI 15,7800 13,9600 -11,53  DE 12,6900 10,8600 -14,42
CZ 11,9708 11,1540 -6,82  EE 9,3179 8,3436 -10,46  SK 12,9417 11,1200 -14,08
DK 13,1318 12,3959 -5,60  CZ 11,0601 10,0409 -9,22  HU 11,4110 10,0444 -11,98
SI 16,2500 15,3600 -5,48  SK 13,1475 12,0980 -7,98  EU27 10,3172 9,3464 -9,41
IE 15,1500 14,4000 -4,95  EU27 11,3924 10,5756 -7,17  FI 8,8000 8,0000 -9,09
FR 12,4380 12,1800 -2,07  EA 11,9783 11,2155 -6,37  EA 10,8635 9,8971 -8,90
UK 11,6638 11,5238 -1,20  DK 13,1318 12,3959 -5,60  FR 10,6060 9,7600 -7,98
EE 9,9971 8,9301 0,50  UK 9,3017 8,9057 -4,26  IT 10,8220 10,1660 -6,06
SK 13,8669 14,0990 1,67  FR 11,2760 11,0100 -2,36  SI 11,8700 11,3400 -4,47
LV 12,8334 13,2380 3,15  LV 12,1259 12,0204 -0,87  ES 9,0340 8,7300 -3,37
IT 12,1360 12,5300 3,25  IT 11,8990 12,1880 2,43  UK 8,2369 7,9883 -3,02
LU 12,6900 13,2000 4,02  NL 10,9970 11,4740 4,34  NL 9,1470 9,0190 -1,40
PT 13,7780 14,6600 6,40  LU 11,3800 12,1600 6,85  LV 10,9940 10,8594 -1,22
NL 12,6400 13,7930 9,12  PT 11,0790 12,0100 8,40  LU 11,1900 11,0800 -0,98
BG 8,0632 9,6942 20,23  BG 7,9354 9,3977 18,43  PT 9,2130 9,8100 6,48
AT : : :  AT : : :  BG 7,4292 8,7432 17,69
FI : : :  FI : : :  AT : : :
Source: Eurostat ∆ calculation by DG TREN  
 
EN 30   EN  
 Band I4: 100 000 GJ 
 < Consumption < 1 000 000 GJ  Band I5: 1 000 000 GJ 
 < Consumption < 4 000 000 GJ 
  2008 s02 2009 s01 ∆ %    2008 s02 2009 s01 ∆ % 
LT 10,6677 7,1847 -32,65  EU27 : : : 
SE 10,5545 7,5501 -28,47  EA : : : 
RO 6,3706 4,7587 -25,30  BE 8,8100 6,4200 -27,13 
CZ 9,8805 8,1367 -17,65  FR 9,1470 7,0900 -22,49 
DK 8,0883 6,6812 -17,40  UK 7,3679 5,7619 -21,80 
PL 8,2896 6,9176 -16,55  RO 6,3894 5,1580 -19,27 
SK 11,8978 9,9400 -16,46  CZ 9,6794 7,8349 -19,06 
HU 10,1143 8,6338 -14,64  PL 7,4923 6,1691 -17,66 
DE 10,2300 8,8400 -13,59  HU 9,8519 8,1868 -16,90 
FR 9,4550 8,2300 -12,96  NL 8,3110 7,0980 -14,60 
EU27 9,2423 8,0950 -12,41  DE 9,0000 7,7000 -14,44 
BE 9,1200 8,0300 -11,95  SK 11,1775 9,7840 -12,47 
EA 9,5826 8,4892 -11,41  ES 7,6220 6,9300 -9,08 
IT 10,2180 9,0620 -11,31  EE 7,3805 6,8414 -7,30 
EE 7,7489 6,9133 -10,78  IT 10,1130 9,4300 -6,75 
ES 8,4400 7,5300 -10,78  FI 7,6000 7,1000 -6,58 
UK 7,9921 7,1380 -10,69  LV 9,7771 9,4011 -3,85 
FI 8,4000 7,7000 -8,33  BG 6,6980 8,0223 19,77 
NL 8,8590 8,2810 -6,52  PT 7,0000 8,5500 22,14 
IE 9,0700 8,7200 -3,86  DK : : : 
LV 10,5837 10,3356 -2,34  IE : : : 
PT 7,2410 7,1000 -1,95  LT : : : 
LU 6,9500 7,3500 5,76  LU : : : 
BG 6,8821 8,1399 18,28  AT : : : 
AT : : :  SI : : : 
SI 10,8400 : :  SE : 7,5501 : 
 
 
EN 31   EN Figure 5.14 % increase in gas prices for industrial consumers 2008 s02 – 2009 s01  
∆ % sorted on I3   
-40-30-20-100102030
LT
SE
RO
PL
BE
DK
IE
CZ
EE
DE
SK
HU
EU27
FI
EA
FR
IT
SI
ES
UK
NL
LV
LU
PT
BGI1 I2 I3 I4
Avera ge EU increase
 
EN 32   EN Table 5.15 Overview % increases of end prices 2008 s02 – 2009 s01 per Member State 
Household consumers  Industrial consumers 
  electricity gas    electricity gas 
  DC DD D1 D2 D3    IC ID I1 I2 I3 I4 
Austria  8,83 5,60 3,49 4,62 5,87  Austria  na na na na na na 
Belgium  -9,32 -10,49 -13,51 -17,29 -18,11  Belgium  na na -21,40 -14,14 -16,70 -11,95 
Bulgaria  0,00 0,00 14,19 20,96 15,88  Bulgaria  -0,78 0,00 20,23 18,43 17,69 18,28 
Czech Republic  2,04 3, 16 -4,93 -6,39 -8,47  Czech Republic  -4,60 -0, 11 -6,82 -9,22 -15,31 -17,65 
Cyprus -23,83 -23,77 na na na  Cyprus -34,79 -37,37 na na na na 
Denmark  -6,35 -7,61 -5,57 -5,57 -5,57  Denmark  -16,61 -22,13 -5,60 -5,60 -16,23 -17,40 
Estonia  6,27 5,08 -0,41 7,29 8,85  Estonia  6,73 7,42 0,50 -10,46 -14,76 -10,78 
Finland  1,99 3,52 na na na  Finland  2,47 2,44 na na -9,09 -8,33 
France  3,01 2,35 -12,74 -5,10 -1,60  France  15,33 18,16 -2,07 -2,36 -7,98 -12,96 
Germany 4,47 5,39 -8,27 -16,48 -17,19  Germany 2,52 1,44 -15, 71 -14,53 -14,42 -13,59 
Greece 4,98 1,62 na na na  Greece 3,04 3,88 na na na na 
Hungary  -4,22 -11,81 -1,88 3,48 -2,16  Hungary  2,18 1,79 -15,92 -13,45 -11,98 -14,64 
Ireland -0,11 -0,37 -2,59 -0,88 0,13  Ireland -15,01 8,51 -4,95 -17,24 -15,38 -3,86 
Italy na na -13,90 4,66 8,88  Italy na na 3,25 2,43 -6,06 -11,31 
Latvia  0,10 0,00 9,92 0,06 -0,27  Latvia  12,56 19,97 3,15 -0,87 -1,22 -2,34 
Lithuania  9,15 8,18 26,84 11,04 27,12  Lithuania  10,26 10,94 -25,68 -26,65 -28,10 -32,65 
Luxembourg 16,39 15,04 13,64 -4,24 -4,60  Luxembourg 18,23 na 4,02 6,85 -0,98 5,76 
Malta  11,21 -0,92 na na na  Malta  -6,36 -13,80 na na na na 
Netherlands  9,09 9,02 3,80 7,67 6,64  Netherlands  5,62 3,53 9,12 4,34 -1,40 -6,52 
Poland  -12,14 -12,30 -19,94 -24,46 -19,64  Poland  0,47 3,12 -26,84 -20,99 -17,12 -16,55 
Portugal  18,57 40,07 -2,50 -5,80 -12,78  Portugal  17,67 18,16 6,40 8,40 6,48 -1,95 
Romania  -11,52 -14,98 -14,05 -14,02 -14,02  Romania  -14,63 -2,93 -13,65 -14,45 -19,84 -25,30 
Slovenia  16,43 19,08 -10,38 -7,91 -3,26  Slovenia  11,78 9,35 -5,48 -11,53 -4,47 na 
Slovakia  0,86 13,88 1,98 -0,73 6,32  Slovakia  10,37 8,51 1,67 -7,98 -14,08 -16,46 
Spain 1,33 -1,31 -5,57 -6,37 -13,15  Spain 8,07 0,08 -21,80 -14,00 -3,37 -10,78 
Sweden  -8,53 -11,22 -18,80 -17,42 -18,35  Sweden  -13,80 -15,12 -24,30 -24,29 -27,85 -28,47 
United Kingdom  -8,56 -6,07 -6,10 -11,43 -9,48  United Kingdom  2,57 1,13 -1,20 -4,26 -3,02 -10,69 
EU Average -1,04 0,61 -8,64 -8,59 -7,82  EU Average 1,62 0,36 -7,74 -7,17 -9,41 -12,41 
Based on ∆ % calculations in previous tables. Legend: No fill + white = increase in line with EU-average; fill + white = increase well be low EU-average; fill + black = increase well 
above EU average. 
 
EN 33   EN 6.  NETWORK ACCESS 
Table 6.1 Composition of electricity prices 2008  
HOUSEHOLDS 
Composition of the household prices in € per 100 kWh Share in price without tax 
(%) 
  Total 
price Energy&supplyNetwork 
costs Taxes&levies Energy&supply Network 
costs 
Austria 17.72 6.78 5.91 5.03 53.4 46.6 
Belgium 20.81 8.95e 6.88e 3.62e 56.5 43.5 
Bulgaria 8.23 4.09 2.76 1.38 59.7 40.3 
Cyprus 20.40 NA NA NA NA NA 
Czech Rep. 12.99 6.35e 4.45e 2.18e 58.8 41.2 
Denmark 27.85 8.05 5.23 14.62 60.6 39.4 
Estonia 8.50 3.11 3.59 1.81 46.5 53.5 
Finland 12.73 5.50 4.05 3.18 57.6 42.4 
France 12.32 NA NA NA NA NA 
Germany 21.95 8.01 5.40 8.54 59.7 40.3 
Great Britain (UK) 16.03 10.65 4.53 0.73 NA NA 
Greece 10.99 NA NA NA NA NA 
Hungary 15.53 8.28 4.53 2.72 64.7 35.3 
Ireland 20.33 NA NA NA NA NA 
Italy 21.95 11.13e 4.86e 5.37e 69.6 30.4 
Latvia 10.03 4.93 4.63 0.48 51.6 48.4 
Lithuania 8.65 3.65 6.68 1.32 49.8 50.2 
Luxembourg 15.56 6.16 7.54 1.86 45.0 55.0 
Malta 15.36 12.39e 2.20e 0.77e 84.9 15.1 
Northern Ireland15 NA NA NA NA NA NA 
Norway 17.00 5.91 6.46 4.63 47.8 52.2 
Poland 12.95 4.86 5.19 2.90 48.4 51.6 
Portugal 15.25 6.99e 3.98e 4.28e 63.7 36.3 
Romania 11.03 3.57 5.63 1.82 38.8 61.2 
Slovak Republic 15.27 6.50 6.33 2.44 50.6 49.4 
Slovenia 11.56 4.57 4.62 2.37 49.7 50.3 
Spain 15.57 8.94 3.83 2.80 70.0 30.0 
Sweden 17.46 6.20 5.18 6.11 54.5 45.5 
Netherlands 17.80 NA NA NA NA NA 
Source: Eurostat 
 
Note 
"e" = estimated value 
 
 
                                                 
15 Included in UK 
 
EN 34   EN Table 6.2 Access Conditions to Gas Transmission networks 
 
Transmission 
 
  Tariff model Congestion 
management Capacity 
allocation 
mechanism Balancing 
model 
applied 
Austria 3 NAP 5 2,3 
Belgium 1,2,3 4,5,6,7,8 1,2,3,4,5 1,2,3 
Bulgaria 3 7 1 1,3 
Cyprus NAP NAP NAP NAP 
Czech Rep. 2,3 2,6,7 3 2 
Denmark 2 5,6,7 1,3 2,3 
Estonia 1 - 1 NAP 
Finland ---3 NAP NAP ---; 2 
France 2 1,2,5,6,7 1,2,3,5 1,3 
Germany 2 6,7 1 1,2,3 
Great Britain uncoupled 4,5,6,7 1,2,5 NA 
Greece NAP 5 1 2 
Hungary 1 1,2,5,6,7 1,2,3,5 1,2,3 
Ireland 2 6 1 2 
Italy 2 2,6,7 3 3 
Latvia 1 NAP NAP - 
Lithuania NAP 7 1 1 
Luxembourg 1 NAP 1 1 
Malta     
Northern Ireland 3 5,6,7 1 2 
Norway     
Poland 3 2,5,6,7,8 1 2,3 
Portugal NAP 1,5 4,5 3 
Romania As described below As described below 1 3 
Slovak Republic 2 6,7 1 2 
Slovenia --- 2,6,7 4 1 
Spain 2 (1 for big 
consumers) 1,2,5,6,7 1,2,3,5 2,3 
Sweden 2 - 5 2 
Netherlands 2 5,7 1 2 
Source: Regulators’ data 
Note: 
Tariff model (1- entry exit coupled , 2- entry exit un coupled , 3- point-to point);  
Congestion management (1- auction, 2-pro rata, 3- lottery 4- capacity by back, 5- UIOLI, 6- secondary market, 7- 
Interruptible capacity, 8- use it or sale it).; 
Capacity allocation mechanism (1- first come  first served, 2- auction, 3- pro rata, 4- allocation on deadline, 5- capacity goes  
with the costumer); 
Balancing model applied (1- TSO buys bala ncing gas on the regular market, 2- TSO c ontracts sources of balancing gas, 3- 
TSO uses storage for balancing).  
Romania, Tariff model: The mechanisms for calculation of prices and regulated tariffs are of „revenue–cap” type for regulated underground storage, and „price-cap” for regulated distribution and supply.  
For the second regulatory period (2007-2012), until the “entry-exit”  pricing system shall be introduced, the tariff for the 
transmission through the national transmission sy stem is unique and ha s a binomial structure 
Romania, Congestion management: In order to settle the c ongestions, the approved but unused capacity may make up the 
object of 
a) voluntary return to the TSO 
b) capacity transfer facility CTF 
c) mandatory transfer from one network user to another by the TSO 
 
 
EN 35   EN 7. UNBUNDLING 
Table 7.1 Unbundling of Network Opera tors: Electricity Transmission 
Electricity Number 
of TSOs Number of 
TSOs 
Ownership 
Unbundled Public  
OwnershipPrivate 
OwnershipTSO network 
assets 
with           without
Austria 3 0 75,5 24,5 1 2 
Belgium 1 0 NA 64,45 1 0 
Bulgaria 1 0 100 0 0 1 
Cyprus 1 0 100 0 0 1 
Czech Republic 1 1 100 0 1 0 
Denmark 1 1 100 0 1 0 
Estonia 1 0 100 0 1 0 
Finland 1 1 12 88 1 0 
France 1 0 84,66 15,34 1 0 
Germany 4 0 0 100 4 0 
Great Britain 1 1 0 100 1 0 
Greece 1 0 51 49 0 1 
Hungary 1 0 0,01 99,99 1 0 
Ireland 1 1 100 0 0 1 
Italy 8 1 30 70 8 0 
Latvia 1 0 100 0 0 1 
Lithuania 1 0 61,7 38,3 1 0 
Luxembourg 1 0 32,8 67,2 0 1 
Malta       
Northern Ireland 1 1 0 100 0 1 
Norway 1 1 100 0 1 0 
Poland 1 1 100 0 1 0 
Portugal 3 1 51 49 1 0 
Romania 1 1 76,5 23,5 1 0 
Slovak Republic 1 1 100 0 1 0 
Slovenia 1 1 100 0 1 0 
Spain 1 1 20 80 1 0 
Sweden 1 1 100 0 1 0 
The Netherlands 1 1 100 0 1 0 
Source: Regulators data  
 
 
EN 36   EN Table 7.2 Unbundling of DSO in Electricity 
Electricity Number 
of DSOs Number of 
DSOs 
Owner-ship 
Unbundled Number of 
DSOs 
Legally 
Unbundled Application 
of  
100.000  
Customer 
Exemption Numbers of 
DSOs 
 with less than
100.000 
Customers 
Austria 130 0 11 YES 119
Belgium 26 NA 26 NO NA
Bulgaria 4 4 4 NO 1
Cyprus 1 0 0 YES 0
Czech Republic 3 0 3 YES 278
Denmark 89 0 89 NO 82
Estonia 40 NA 1 YES 39
Finland 89 1 50 NO 82
France 148 0 4 YES 143
Germany 862 0 150 YES 787
Great Britain 19 0 19 NO 5
Greece 1 0 0 NO 0
Hungary 6 0 6 NO 0
Ireland 1 0 0 NO 0
Italy 151 130 12 YES 139
Latvia 10 9 1 YES 9
Lithuania 2 0 2 YES 5
Luxembourg 8 0 1 YES 7
Malta        
Northern Ireland 1 0 1 NO 0
Norway 162 9 41 YES 155
Poland 20 0 14 YES 6
Portugal 13 10 11 YES 10
Romania 35 5 8 YES 27
Slovak Republic 3 0 3 YES 159
Slovenia 1 0 1 NO 0
Spain 346 0 346 YES 340
Sweden 175 0 175 YES 166
The Netherlands 8 5 8 NO 2
Source: Regulators Data  
 
EN 37   EN Table 7.3 Unbundling of Network Operators: Gas Transmission 
GAS Number 
of TSOs Number of 
TSOs Owner-
ship 
Unbundled Public  
OwnershipPrivate 
Ownership TSO with network 
assets 
with           without 
Austria 7 0 31,5 68,5 5 2
Belgium 1 0 45,22 54,78 1 0
Bulgaria 1 0 100 0 1 0
Cyprus NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP NAP
Czech Republic 1 0 0 100 1 0
Denmark 1 1 100 0 1 0
Estonia 1 0 0 100 1 0
Finland 1 0 24 76 NAP NAP
France 2 0 35,7 64,3 2 0
Germany 18 1 0 100 3 15
Great Britain 1 1 NA NA 1 0
Greece 1 0 65 35 1 0
Hungary 1 1 0 100 1 0
Ireland 1 0 100 0 0 1
Italy 3 1 1,98 98,02 3 0
Latvia 1 0 2,77 97,33 NAP 0
Lithuania 1 0 17,7 76 0 0
Luxembourg 1 0 21 79 0 0
Malta          
Northern Ireland 3 2    3 0
Norway          
Poland 1 1 100 0 0 1
Portugal 1 1 51 49 1 0
Romania 1 1 75,01 24,98 1 NAP
Slovak Republic 1 0 51 49 0 1
Slovenia 1 0 0 100 1 0
Spain 8 1 5 95 8 0
Sweden 3 2 0 100 2 1
The Netherlands 1 1 100 0 NA NA
Source: Regulators Data  
 
EN 38   EN Table 7.4 Unbundling of Network Operators: Gas Distribution   
Gas Number 
of DSOs Number of 
DSOs 
Owner-ship 
Unbundled Number of 
DSOs 
Legally 
Unbundled Application 
of  
100.000 
Customer 
 Exemption Numbers of 
DSOs 
 with less than
100.000 
Customers 
Austria 20 0 8 YES 14
Belgium 18 NA 18 NO NA
Bulgaria 32 NA 0 YES 32
Cyprus NAP NAP NAP YES NAP
Czech Republic 91 0 8 YES 83
Denmark 4 0 4 NO 2
Estonia 27 NA 1 YES 27
Finland 32 0 0 YES 32
France 24 0 3 YES 21
Germany 686 NA 145 YES 659
Great Britain 8 8 8 NO 0
Greece 3 0 0 NO 2
Hungary 10 0 5 YES 5
Ireland 1 0 1 NO 0
Italy 295 130 292 YES 214
Latvia 1 0 0 NO 0
Lithuania 6 0 0 YES 5
Luxembourg 4 0 0 YES 4
Malta        
Northern Ireland 2 0 1 YES 1
Norway        
Poland 6 0 6 YES 1
Portugal 11 0 4 YES 7
Romania 38 2 38 YES 36
Slovak Republic 46 1 1 YES 45
Slovenia 17 0 0 YES 17
Spain 20 0 20 NO 13
Sweden 5 0 5 YES 5
The Netherlands 12 10 12 NO 2
Source: Regulators Data  
 
 
 
 
  
 
EN 39   EN 8.  SUPPLY – DEMAND BALANCE 
Table 8.1 Electricity generation 2008 
Electricity demand/consumption
(TWh) Peak 
load 
(GW) max. net 
generation 
capacity (GW) total net  
generation 
volume 
(TWh) 
Austria NA 9,955 20,179 67,046
Belgium NA 13,65 16,67 80,67
Bulgaria 34,64 7,03 8,07 39,64
Cyprus 4,996 1,01 1,189 4,719
Czech Republic 72 10,88 17,724 77085
Denmark 36,2 6,3 12,7 34,7
Estonia 8,557 1637 1,96 9498
Finland 86,9 13,77 13,3 74,2
France 494,5 84,4 117,7 549,1
Germany 569 76,8 147,1 599,3
Great Britain 351,37 59,2 79,9 359,02
Greece 55,68 10,393 11,871 56871
Hungary 37,4 6,388 6,979 37,38327
Ireland 27 4,873 6,013 26,7
Italy 339,5 55,3 86,9 307064,5
Latvia 7,79 1,42 2,692 5,2
Lithuania 9,8 2,05 3,81 12,6
Luxembourg 6,703 1,071 0,598 2682
Malta        
Northern Ireland 9,6 1,762 8,215 36,51
Norway 127,4 21,589 30,811 142,667
Poland 152,5 25,1 35,4 154,607
Portugal 50,574 8,959 14,916 41,782
Romania 55,206 8,6 16,6 64772
Slovak Republic 30 4,342 7,762 29
Slovenia 13,43 1,963 3,112 15,032
Spain 279,9 42,96 94,97 294583
Sweden 155 24,9 34,18 146,021
The Netherlands 119,5 13,9 15 100,456
Source: Regulators Data  
 
1. The capacity should be reported at  31st December of the relevant report ed year.Includes electrical capacity of 
both electricity (only) and CHP plants.The Net Maximum Electrical Capacity is the sum of the net maximum 
capacities of all stations taken individually throughout a given period of operation. The period of operation assumed for present purposes is continuous running: in practice 15 hours or more per day. The net maximum 
capacity is the maximum power assumed to be solely activ e power that can be supplie d, continuously, with all 
plant running, at the point of outlet to the network 
2. Sweden: The reported figures are not in line with the IEA definition. The reported figures are total installed 
capacity on 31 of December. 
3. Netherlands: Only the production facilities connected to the national grid  are included. If decentral production 
is included as well, the total is around 24 Gwe.  
 
 
EN 40   EN Table 8.2 Gas Security of Supply 
Gas demand/consumpti
on 
(TWh/year) Peak load 
(TWh/day
) National 
production 
(TWh/year) 
Austria 93,23 0,4343 17,2 
Belgium 192,5 0,911 0 
Bulgaria 32,92 0,1387 2,32 
Cyprus NAP NAP NAP 
Czech Republic 91,67 0,54 1,23 
Denmark 40 0,21 97 
Estonia 8,999 0,0626 0 
Finland 47 0,178 0 
France 515,988 2,698 9,962 
Germany 979,4 NA 151,5 
Great Britain 1094,03 414,1 809,3854647 
Greece 44,51 0,17 0 
Hungary 125,195 0,7467 24,619 
Ireland 56,504 0,215 4,77 
Italy 898,1 4,3 98,4 
Latvia 15,5 0,1 0 
Lithuania 30,3 0,155 0 
Luxembourg 14,1 0,06067 0 
Malta    
Northern Ireland 18,58149 71,68449 0 
Norway    
Poland 157,3 0,697 44,69 
Portugal 53,5 0,195 0 
Romania 165,01 0,7844 124,01 
Slovak Republic 62,128 0,336 1,08 
Slovenia 11,304 0,0503 0 
Spain 448,5 1,789 1,3 
Sweden 9,5 NA 0 
The Netherlands 419,4 2,33 814,2 
Source: Regulators Data  
 
Figures are only indicative and do not fully matc h due to inconsistent statistical approaches 
Note: 1. Consumption = Production + Import s - Exports + Storage variations 
2. Lithuania: total consumption only import 
 
 
 
 
EN 41   EN Production of Natural Gas in 2008 in TWh/yr
GERMANY; 152; 5%
I TALY; 98; 3%DENMA RK; 97; 3%
POLAND; 45; 1%
HUNGA RY ; 25; 1%
AU STR I A; 17; 1%FRANCE; 10; 0%
IRELAND; 5; 0%
BULGARIA; 2; 0%SPAIN; 1; 0%CZECH REPUBLIC; 1; 0%
SLOVAK REPUBLIC; 1; 0%ROMANIA; 124; 4%GREAT BRITAIN; 809; 24%
THE NETHERLANDS; 814; 25%
NORWA Y ; 1112; 33%Other; 204; 6% 
 
Table 8.3 Production of natural gas in EU and Norway (2008) 
Source: Regulators’ Data, Statistics Norway 
 
EN 42   EN Table 8.4 LNG 2008 
Total LNG import capacity 
in TWh/h LNG gas volume flow into the 
country 
in TWh/yr   
  
2007 2008 ∆ 2007 2008 ∆ 
Austria NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
Belgium 0,007 0,02 0,013 28,6 21 -7,6 
Bulgaria NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
Cyprus NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
Czech Republic NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
Denmark 0 0  NAP NAP  
Estonia 0 0  0 0  
Finland 0 0  0 0  
France 0,029 0,029 0 114,7 140 25,3 
Germany 0 0  0 0  
Great Britain 89,9 90,4 -3,1 14,9 8,91 -5,99 
Greece 0,0029 0,0065 0,0036 9,59 9,81 0,22 
Hungary NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
Ireland NAP 0  NAP 0  
Italy 0,0048402 0,00484022 1,7E-08 25,72 16,45 -9,27 
Latvia 0 0  0 0  
Lithuania 0 0  0 0  
Luxembourg NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
Malta       
Northern Ireland NAP 0  NAP 0  
Norway       
Poland NA NA  NA NA  
Portugal 0,00714 0,0081 0,00096 31,5 30,1 -1,4 
Romania NAP NAP  NAP NAP  
Slovak Republic 0 NA  0 NA  
Slovenia 0 0  0 0 0 
Spain 0,072 0,068 -0,004 281 332 51 
Sweden 0 0  0 0 0 
The Netherlands NA NA  NA NA  
Source:  Regulators data 
Note: 
1. Changes in stocks: (-) injection, (+) withdrawal. 
Conversation factors 
1 PJ (GCV) = 25,6 million m3 gas 
1 m3 of natural gas = 39 mega joules (MJ – GCV) = 10,8 kWh 
1 Mtoe = 1 million tones of oil equivalent = 41,86 PJ (NCV) 
1000 m3 of natural gas = 0,9 ton oil equivante (toe – crude oil) 
1 BCM = 1 billion cubic meters 
1 cubic meter (m3) = 35,315 cubic feet (cf) 
1 million m3 of LNG = 593 million m3 of gas 
Net Caloric value (NCV) = 0,9 Gross calorific value (GCV) 
1 megajoule = 106 joules (MJ) 
1 gigajoule = 109 joules (GJ) 
1 terajoule = 1012 joules (TJ) 
1 petajoule = 1015 joules (PJ)