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DELACOMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEEDES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(77)362
Vol.1977/0120

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(77)362 final.
Brussels,26july1977
ACTION PROGRAMME
FORAERONAUTICAL RESEARCH
(communication fromtheCommissiontotheCouncil)
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h-y•£^h%Efl:l–-,*rfei
C-SV.'r-»'>>•V;.*%X&V-ν'^\r'.Ovv,'v.V'
c®(77)362final.

INDEX
ActionProgramme
I.Introduction
II.Objectives
III.Procedureforfutureprogrammesandtheconceptionofalong-term
strategy
IV.Immediateactions
a)Helicopters
b)Airframes
c)ProposedCommunityfinancingandprogrammemanagement
V.Conclusions
AnnexI:Collaborative ResearchProgrammeinthehelicopter
manufacturing sector
AnnexII:TechnologyResearchCooperation Programmeinthe
airframemanufacturing sector
AnnexIII:Financeandpersonnel
AnnexIV:Know-howandinventions
AnnexV:DraftofCouncildecisionadoptinganinitialpluriannual
Programmeofresearchin.theaircraftmanufacturingfield
AnnexVI:DraftofCouncildecisionsettingupamanagementand
coordinating committeeforresearchprogrammesinthe
aeronautical manufacturing sector
Anne*VII:Timescale

-1-
.Introduction
TheCommission ,,initsActionProgrammefortheEuropeanAeronautical
Sector"of3/10/1975,proposedtotheCouncil,amongstotherthingsthe
establishment ofacommonprogrammeforcertainareasoftechnological
researchwhichcouldbeCommunityfinanced.
TheESC,on25/2/1976,andtheEuropeanParliament on7/7/1976,expressed
positiveopinionsontheprincipleofthisproposal.
IntheCommunication forwardedtotheCouncilbytheCommission on
3/11/1975entitled"CommonResearchandDevelopmentPolicy-Objectives,
Priorities andResources",aeronautical researchwasincludedinthelist
ofpriorities;on23/2/1975theCommunication receiveda"generally
positiveresponse"fromtheCouncil.
Furthermore,theCouncilofMinistersoftheEuropeanCommunities,inits
declaration of14/3/1977,fixedcertainindustrialpolicyobjectivesin
theaeronautical sector,amongstwhichwasthatofexploring"the
opportunities andproceduresforajointeffort(intechnological research)
particularly withaviewtodevelopingtheknow-howrequiredforthe
futuregenerationofaircraftandwithaviewtotheimproveduseofthe
facilities andcapabilities ofMemberStates".
Atthesametime,theCommissionhasinvestigated whichactivities would
lendthemselvestoacollaborative aeronautical researchprogramme,with
thehelpofthedifferentsectorsoftheaeronautical industry(airframes,
engines,equipmentandhelicopters),nationalresearchestablishments
andgovernmentofficials.Theirworkwasnatucallymadeeasierbythe
decisionofthebudgetaryauthorities toinsertunderchapter100ofthe
1977Communitybudgetanamountof8MUAforaeronautical research.
Theaimofthisactionprogrammethereforeistoproposethesettingup
ofaninitialprogrammeforcommunitycooperation intechnological
research,callingonasumofmoneywhichiscurrentlyavailablein
the1977budget,butgoingbeyondthatincommittingcertainfinancial
resourcestobeusedovera5yearperiod.TheCommissionhasmade
proposalsintheCommunitybudget(Chapter37.10)for1978whichtake
intoaccounttheserequirements .

-2-
II.Objectives
Theproposednewaircraftonwhichtheindustryiscurrentlyworking,and
whichduringthenextfewyearswillemergeasactualindustrialprogrammes,
relytoalargeextentonexistingtechnologyappliedtoexistingor
derivativeprojects.
Ifhowever,theindustrywantstolooktothefuture,itmustbeworking
rightnowtocreatethebasictechnology onwhichwillbebasedthe
nextgenerationofaircraftwhichwillemergetowardstheendofthe
1980s.Theneedistoidentifywhichareasoftechnologyarecritical
andthentospecifywhichcomponentsshouldbedevelopedwhilewaiting
forthemarkettomakeclearthecharacteristics andperformance ofthe
components whichitneeds.
Thisapproachmayentailconsiderable workand'highdegreeoffinancial
risk,andcallsforusetobemadeofallfacilities andresources
availableinthemostefficientwaypossible.
Bearinginmindthevariousobjectivesofaeronautical researchand
ofthestateoftheart,onecanenvisage:
-thedevelopment ofastrategyandaprocedureforpreparing
futureactivities;
-anumberofactionswhichcouldbelaunchedimmediately .
III.Procedureforfutureprogrammes andtheconceptionofalong-term
strategy
TheeffortsoftheCommissioninpreparingtheproposalsdescribedin
thisdocumentandtheworkdoneincollaboration withalltheparties
concerned,hasdemonstrated theneedtoagreeonasystematic
procedurewithintheCommunitytocovercollaborative activities and
studies,bringingtogetherrepresentatives oftheCommission,
governmental authorities,industry,researchcentresandusers(e.g.
airlines,airports),theobjectivesofwhichwouldbeto:
-definetechnological objectivestowhichresearchprogrammes
shouldbeorientedoverthenextdecade,basedonthestudy
ofdevelopingairtransportrequirements sndtheconstraints
ofenergy,politics,'economicsandecologywhichwillaffect

-3-
theserequirements .Inparticular oneshouldconcentrate
onfuturesystemsrequirements ,sothatacommonphilosophy canbe
established forfuturedevelopments ;
-investigate towhatextentexistingnationalresearchprogrammes
areorientedtowardsthesameobjectives;
-toagreeonthemostappropriate waysoflinking,giventhatthere
willbecommonobjectives,thoseactivities whichwillremaintobe
carriedoutonanationalbasisandthosewhichoftheirnature
lendthemselves toCommunitycollaboration ;
-toagree,asaresult,themeansleadingtoabetteruseof
availableresources,eitherbyrationalisation orco-ordination ,
orbysomeconcertedactionwithintheCommunity,withtheaim
ofguaranteeing onaglobalscaleanagreedandcontinuous level
ofspendingonresearchintheCommunity asawhole,corresponding
perhapstosomefixedpercentageofGNP;
-laydowncriteriaandmethodsofCommunityfinancingrelated
totypesofprogramme (e.g.limitedcontributions forcollaborative
projects,participation inthefundingofcommoninfrastructure
projectssuchasthelargetranssonic windtunnel,Community
premiumsforcertainprojectssuchasthoseinthefieldof
aeronautical equipment). *' ■
TheCommission reservestherighttotaketheinitiative 1nthenear
future .inmakingproposalstosetoutthroughwhichmethodsand
procedures suchanexercisecanbestbecarriedcut.
«
IV.Immediateactions
Contactswithindustry,nationalresearchestablishments andgovernmental
authorities haveenabledanumberofconcreteprojectstobeidentified,
projectswhicharebothusefulinthemselves andchosenwithaviewto
establishing aEuropeancapabilityinthefield,andwhichareparticularly
suitableforintra-community collaboration betweenthevariousmanufacturers
andthenationalresearchcentres.

-4-
TheCommission envisages acontribution of20Aofthetotal cost ofeach
programme .Financial participation bytheindustry ,even though limited ,
provides anadditional guarantee oftheimportance ofandneed forthe
proposed projects .This requirement isinfact harsh ,since governmental
finance ofnational research programmes isoften 100 %.
Work done todate enables theCommission toputforward immediately
research proposals fortwo sectors namely helicopters andairframes .
Itshould bepossible todothe same inasecond phase fortheengine
andequipment sectors ,aswell asinthefield ofresearch infrastructure .
With regard tothe latter ,themost important objective hece seems tobe
thebuilding inEurope ofalarge transsonic windtunnel ,where cost and
theproblems ofoperation andutilisation donotjustify any
Government going italone ;this project represents anindispensable
facility towards thedevelopment offuture generation aircraft .The
Commission hasalready begun discussing this subject with theauthorities
inthemember States and itisenvisaged that proposals will bemade
tothe Council ,provided sufficient support canbefound ,during 1978 .
(a)Heli copters
Thefollowing objectives areproposed :
-fuel economy through improvements inaerodynamic efficiency of,
ontheone hand ,the main rotor ,andontheother hand ,the
fuselage ,most importantly through drag reduction ;
-improvement ofenvironmental aspects byresearch onexternal
noise produced byhelicopters ;
-improvements incrash survivability bystudies onmaterials and
structure behaviour ;
-widening theoperational scope forhelicopters byreduction in
internal noise andvibration ,development ofIFRoperational
capability andresearch into high speed VTOL ("convertible "
aircraft ).
Programme details aregiven inAnnex I.
0

~5"
(b)Airframes
Therearetwomainobjectives :increasingstructuralLifeand
reducingmaintenance costs;boththroughabetterknowledgeof
fatigueandfracturemechanicsandthroughanimprovement in
non-destructive testingmethodsin:
-metalstructures
-compositestructures .
DetailsoftheprogrammearegiveninAnnexII.
(c)ProposedCommunityfinancingandprogrammemanagement
TheleveloffinancingandpersonnelrequiredfromtheCommunity
budgetinordertocarryoutthewholeprogramme,whichwillbe
carriedoutonacontractualbasis,isasfollows(expressedin
termsofpaymentstobemadeannually):
ProgrammemanagementshouldbecarriedoutbytheCommission andinvolve
tothemaximumextentpossibletheexperience whichalreadyexistswithin
theMemberStates.
Aconsultative committeeforprogrammemanagementwillbesetupcontaining
expertsfromtheMemberStates.TheCommissionwillbeassistedinthe
technicalmanagementoftheprojectsbyindividualtechnicalcommittees
madeupofexpertsfromthenationalresearchmanagementauthorities;one
personwouldassumeoverallcontrolofeachcommittee.
Detailedbudgetaryproposalsforeachobjectivearesetoutinthefinancial
annex(AnnexIII). <

-6-
Theprinciples inrespectofindustrialpropertyrightsanddissemination
ofinformation aresetoutinAnnexIV.
ThetimescalefortheproposedprojectsisshowninAnnexVII.
V.Conclusions
TocarryoutthisprogrammetheCommission proposestotheCouncil
thatitshouldadoptthetwodraftDecisions :
-"adoptinganinitialpluriannual programmeofresearchintheaircraft
manufacturing field".'(AnnexeV)
-"settingupamanagement andco-ordinating committeeforresearch
programmes intheaeronautical manufacturing sector".(AnnexVI)
«

ANNEX t
Collaborative Research Programme inthehelicopter manufacturing sector
CONTENT -S
I. Introduction
II.Research Briefs
!•Internal Noise
2.Exteraal Noise
3aVibration
4aMain Rotor Improvement
5aFuselage Aerodynamics
6aIPROperations
7aSafety Devices
8aHigh Speed VTOL Aircraft

1.
I.Introduction
InJune1975,thefourEuropeanhelicoptermanufacturers signed,a
MemorandumofUnderstanding tostatetheirwillingness toco-ordinate
theiraotivitiesinordertoraaintai-ninthefuturethecompetitive
situationoftheEuropeanhelicopterindustry.
Theareasinwhichthefourfirmsagreedtocollaborate are:
–development ofanadvancedtransporthelicoptertomeetthefuture
Europeanrequirements .
–derivatives orimprovements ofexistinghelicopters ofEuropean
design.
–researchprogrammestogainthenecessaryknow-howandtechnology
forfuturedesigns.
Astherequirements forthenewtransporthelicopterwill-takesome
timeto"becompletelyspecified,itisintheareaofresearchthatthe
fourmanufacturers wanttostartacommonactionassoonaspossible.
Whileeachofthemhasbeenperformingresearchworkinthepastandis
currentlyallocatingasubstantial amountofresourcestoresearch
orientedactivities,theircurrenteffortinthisfieldmaywellbe
insufficient incomparisontotheincreasedpaceofresearchanddeve­
lopmentintheUnitedStates.
Consequently themaininterestseeninresearchcollaboration isthe
possibility toco-ordinate thepresentdispersedeffortsandalsoto
avoidcostlyduplications .
Thesubjectsretainedinthepresentresearchproposalhavebeenselected
accordingtothefollowingcriteria:
a)subjectsufficientlylargetoexceedthecapabilitiesofanysingle
firm
b)sufficientcommercialmotivation,includingneartermapplication
toexistingproducts
c)generalinterestforallfirmstoavoidanycommercialveto
d)sufficientflexibilityforadaptationtoavailablefunding
e)possibilitytoassociateresearchagenciesorinstitutes

Furthermore "theproposalsarelimitedtosubjectspertainingtoa
numberofareaswhichappearcurrentlyto"beofparticularconcern.
Thusthevarioussubjectswhiohareproposedoanbe"brokendownunder
thefollowingmainheadings:
EnergySaving
-Subject Mainrotoraerodynamic improvraent
–Subject
–EnvironmentFuselageaerodynamio improvment,particularly drag
reduction
-SubjectExternalnoisereduction
Safety
-SubjectSafetyimprovment
IncreasedOperational Capabilities
-Subject IFROperations
-Subject HighSpeedVTOLstudies
-Subject Internalnoisereduction
-Subject Vibrationreduction

3.
II.Researchbriefs
1.Internalnoise
1.1.Gearmeshingerrors
-Objective
Toanalysegearmeshingerrorswhicharebasicinputsforinternalnoiseandvibration
Limited,dataavailableatWHLandAerospatiale
–ScopeofWork
a)Basicdatawill"begenerated.Limitedmeasurementswill
bemadeonexistinggearboxes.
b)Asimplerigwillbedesignedtoacceptvaryingtoothand
loadpatternsandtheeffectonmeshingerrorsmeasured
c)Theoreticalstudieswillbeundertakentoallowprediction
ofmeshingerrorfromfundamentalparameters.
d)Comparativeanalysiswillbeundertakentoestablishnoise
qualityandvibrationstandards.
1»2.Dynamicresponseofpowertrains
-Objective
Toestablishtheresponseofthegearingtodynamicloading.
Elementarymodelsexistforgearingandgearteethwithin
eachcompany.
-Scopeofwork
a)Theoreticalmodelsofthegearteethandofthegearing
willbeestablished.Thesewillbebasedonexistingfinite
elementapproachesandincludetheeffectsofbothtorsion/
bendinginthegearingteeth.
b)Experimentaltestsofthesemodelswillbeundertakenon
gearboxes.Characteristic parametersofthegearbox,such
asstiffness,inertia,willbevaried.

4.
1.3.Studyofgearcasingresponse
–Objective
Todefinetheresponseofthegearcasingtounsteadyloads
fromthegearing.
Elementary modelsexistineachcompany#
–ScopeofWork
a)Finiteelementmodelofagearboxwillbeestablishedand
analysedtosuggestsignificant areasofdynamicresponse.
Calculations willincludetheeffectsofvaryinglocal
stiffnesses .
b)Theanalysiswillbecheckedbyoarefulmeasurements onan
experimental gearcasing.
1.4.Experimental Gearbox
–Objective
Todesignandmanufacture anexperimental gearboxwhichwill
takefulladvantageofresearchknowledge.
BasedonresearchinXI,12,and13.
–Scopeofwork
Detaildesignofanexperimental gearboxwillberequired.
Theintentionwillbetodemonstrate thevalueoffindings
fromearlierstagesofresearch.
Thedesigncouldinvolvemodification ofparametersofan
existinggearboxandgears.
1.5*StudyofAcousticTransmission
-Objective
Todevelop "theoreticalmethodstodescribethetransmission
ofvibrationalenergyinthehelicopterstructure.
–Scopeofwork
a)Developmentandapplicationoftheavailabletechniques
ofstatisticalenergyanalysistodescribethevibration
intypicalhelicoptergearboxfuselagestructures.This
willrequiretheestablishment ofananalyticalmodelfor
thecompletehelicopter.

b)Experimental verification ofthetheoretical prediction
will beneceBsa .ryasthe second stage ofthis work .
c)Measurement oftherelative amounts ofstructureborne
andairborne noise transmission tothehelicopter interior .
1.6 .Model Acoustic Studies
-Objective
Todevelop methods forexperimental modelling ofacoustic
transmission .
-Scope ofWork
Pull scale evaluation ofinternal noise control techniques
iscostly and itistherefore proposed todevelop amodel
approach using areduced scale .Inthe first instance only
asimple model ofbasic elements ofthehelicopter fuselage
structure will beinvestigated and compared toboth theoretical
predictions and available full scale experimental data .
External noise
2.1 »Tail Rotor Noise
-Objective
Toimprove basic understanding oftail rotor noise generation
and todevelop better methods for its control .
Existing data with thefour companies will bemade available .
-Scope ofworlc
a)More detailed analysis ofexisting data gathered over a
wide range ofhelicopter .
b)Measurements ofbasic trends oftail rotor noise .The
principal areas ofinterest are the interaction ofthetail
rotor with pylon ,fin ,andmain rotor .
Simultaneous measurements ofblade load and radiated noise
will bemade .
2.2 .Subjective Assessment
-Objective
Toimprove methods forrating helicopter noise toallow proper
account ofmultiple tones and impulsive radiation .
Work byall companies inrelation tohelicopter certification
requirements .

6.
-Scopeofwork
&)Comparativeexaminationofhelicopternoisedatausing
variousexistingand.proposedcriteria#
b)Basicevaluationofimpulsiveandtonalnoisesources'
ofhelicoptertype
o)Theoreticalanalysisofimpulsivemainandtailrotor
sourceswithaviewtocontroloftheirsubjectively
annoyingfeatures.Thisshouldincludeflightteatswith
emphasisonimpulsivenoisegeneration *
FlightPathsforNoiseControl
–Objective
Tounderstandtheinfluenceofflightpathsonhelicopter
noiseandtodeveloprecommendations foroptimalflightpaths.
LimitedresultsavailableatAerospatiale andWHL.
<-ScopeofWork
a)Severalflighttestsarerequiredonvariousaircraftto
standardmiorophonepatternstoestablishtheeffectof
flightpathsonnoiseandthepossibleapproachestoan
optimumflightpathfornoisecontrol.
b)Ratingmethodsfornoiseshouldbeanalysedtoensurethey
donotunnecessarily penalisefavourableflightpaths*
2.4»Theoretical Acoustics
-Objective
Todevelopnewconceptsforrotorcraftexternalnoisecontrol.
–ScopeofWork
Anextensiveknowledgemfundamentalacousticshasbeenbuiltup
forfixedwingaircraftnoisecontrol.Itisproposedtore-
evaluateandapplythisfundamental knowledgetohelicopternoise
control.
Theworkwillbe-substantially theoretical andbeperformed
inU.K.Universities withspecialknowledgeoffundamentalnoise
mechanisms.
I

Vibration
3.1.VibrationAnalysis
-Objective \
Toperformfullscaletestsandcomparewithanalytical
modelsdescribingthegearbox/fuselageconfigurations .
Limitedanalytical modelsfortheimpedanceofthehelicopter
systemexist.
–ScopeofWork
a)Measurementinflightonseveralhelicoptersisrequired
toestablishbasictrends.
b)Measurements ofhighfrequencytransmission relevantto
internalnoiseshouldalsobemadewherepossible.
c)Detailedmeasurementsinthelaboratoryaboveandbelow
thegearboxmountingtoobtainimpedanceinformationatthe
gearbox/fuselageinterface.Thesewillbematchedwithavaila­
bletheoretical models.
3.2.VibrationAbsorbers
–Objective
Toperformcomparative studiesonvibrationabsorbers.
-ScopeofWork
Laboratorytestsandsystematicanalyticstudieswouldbe
undertakenincludingevaluationofthefollowingtypes
a)flexiblegearboxmountingswithnodalattachments
b)vibrationabsorbersincludingparasiticmasses
3*3*Optimumdesignofvibrationisolationmounts
–Objective
Toevaluatetheapplication oftheoretical andexperimenxal
toolsinthedesignofpracticalvibrationisolationdevices.
-ScopeofWork
a)Variousdesignsandsolutionsfromtheearlierresearch
willbeevaluatedandcompared
b)Thechosendesignwillbetestedinflighttoproveits
effectiveness .

8.
4oMain Rotor Irr.provment
4«le »Working Theme and .Objectives
–Objective
Setupcomprehensive goals formain rotor characteristics
improvement •
–Scope Vfork
a)Select anaircraft type
b)Define specific missions to "beaccomplished
c)Define complete specifications onperformance ,aeroelastic ,
flight dynamic andacoustic "behaviour tobeobtained
4.2 .Analytical Tools Review
-Objective
Select theanalytical tools tobeused forimprovement
ofthe main rotor ^characteristics
Analytical tools have been developed byeach ofthe4firms .
–Scope ofWork
a)Review ofthestate oftheartrotor analytical tools
b)Comparison with available experimental data ,inthe
following areas :
performance andairloads
aeroelastic rotor response and flight dynamics
rotor acoustic field
4.3•Analytical Tools Improvment
–Objective
Improve theanalytical tools which aretobeused for
themain rotor research programme .
Theoretical methods available ,needing some refinement .
–Scope ofWork
Improvement ofanalytical tools :
4topics :
Performance and airloads
Aeroelastic rotor response
Plight dynamics
Rotor acoustic field

ym
4»4.Parametric Studies
-Objective
Identify sensitive parameters inthedefinition ofthemain
rotor .
Some limited work has "been done inthis area (airfoils ,"blade
characteristics ,tipshape )
-Scope ofWork
a)Using analytical tools surveyed andimproved ,identify
sensitive parameters "byaparametric study onall rotor
characteristics :
Airfoil shapes ,chord andtwist distribution ,
dynamic characteristics ,tip geometry#
b)Evaluate their influence on :
performance and airloads
aeroelastic and flight dynamic behaviour
acoustic field radiated .
4.5 .Blade Airfoils
–Objective
Define anewairfoil family tobeused forthe rotor blades .
Some new airfoil shapes have been defined andtested .
–Scope ofWork
Define andtest anairfoil family (3airfoils )toimprove
theaerodynamic andacoustic behaviour (steady andunsteady )
4Blade Geometry ,Airloads and Acoustic Study
-Obieotive
Obtain themain rotor blade geometiy ,theairloads andacoustic
radiation ofanimproved main rotor .
Some work hasalready been performed inlarge size wind tunnels
like Modane .
–Scope ofWork
a)Study andoptimize theblade characteristic parameters :
airfoils andtipgeometry ,twist andchord distribution
with emphasis on :
performance and airloads
acoustic fields
andimplications ondynamic &flight dynamic aspects .

b)Design,manufactureandtest3setsof"bladesand1hub
fora4®diameterrotor#
7.PullScaleRotorDefinition
-Objective
Setupafullsoalerotordefinition
Toolsforpreliminarydefinitionarecurrentlyavailable.
–ScopeofWork
a)Preliminarydefinition :
-Completedefinition(geometry,materials,dynamic
characteristics )ofascaleonerotortomeetthe
objectivesspecifiedintaskRl.
-Performbladedesignstudies
-Evaluationof:performance andairloads
dynamicbehaviour
flightdynamicbehaviour
acousticfieldradiation
b)Refinerotordefinitionaftertestprogramme(4»8+4«9)
andwritethefinalreport.
4*8*WindTunnelDynamicModel(Design&Manufacture )
-Objective
Designandmanufacture ofadynamicmodel*
Fewstudiesandexperiments havebeenconductedinsome
laboratories .
–ScopeofWork
a)Designandmanufactureadynamicmodelofthebladeat
arepresentative scale(4mdiametermodelrotor)
b)Establishdynamicscalingrulesandimplications on
performance,airloads,bladedynamic,flightdynamicand
acousticbehaviour
c)Designandmanufacturetheblades.

11.
4«9«Wind .Tunnel Dynamic Model (tests )
–Objective
Fully evaluate theaerodynamic ,dynamic andacoustic
behaviour ofthe speoific main rotor previously defined
(See4.8)
None inEurope atfull tip speed
-Scope ofWork
a)Test ,data reduction andanalysis ofa4mdiameter
dynamio model inawind tunnel
b)Evaluate theperformance andthedynamic andacoustic
"behaviour ofthe rotor inthe full flight domain .
5.Fuselage Aerodynamics
5.1# Working theme and objectives
–Objective
Setupcomprehensive goals foraerodynamic performance
fuselage .
Miscellaneous work has been donemseveral countries to
reduce thehelicopter equivalent flat plate area#
–Scope ofWork
a)Select Aircraft type
b)Determine specific missions tobeaccomplished
c)Derive goals forA/Ccharacteristics (equivalent flat
plate area etc.)inappropriate flight configurations ,
taking into account efficiency constraints .
5®2o Analytic Methods and Test Facilities
-Objective
Toevaluate available analytical methods andtest facilities
Analytical methods forthree-dimensional nonlifting fuselage
are currently used bysome helicopter manufacturers .
-Scope ofWork
a)Synthesis ofanalytical methods available fortwo-dimensional
andthree-dimensional fairing aerodynamic computation and
optimization .
b)Check analytical methods bycomparison with available
experimental data .
c)Establish testing methodology andseleot experimental
facilities tobeused .

t>)Design,manufactureandtest3setsof"bladesand1hub
fora4mdiameterrotor#
PullScaleRotorDefinition
-Objective
Setupafullscalerotordefinition
Toolsforpreliminarydefinitionareourrentlyavailable.
–ScopeofWork
a)Preliminarydefinition s
-Completedefinition(geometry,materials,dynamic
characteristics )ofascaleonerotortomeetthe
objectivesspecifiedintaskRl#
-Perform "bladedesignstudies
-Evaluationof:performance andairloads
dynamic "behaviour
flightdynamic "behaviour
acousticfieldradiation
b)Refinerotordefinitionaftertestprogramme(4*8+4»9)
andwritethefinalreport#
8.WindTunnelDynamicModel(Design&Manufacture )
–Objective
Designandmanufacture ofadynamicmodel#
Pewstudiesandexperiments havebeenconductedinsome
laboratories#
–ScopeofWork
a)Designandmanufactureadynamicmodelofthebladeat
arepresentative scale(4mdiametermodelrotor)
b)Establishdynamicscalingrulesandimplications on
performance,airloads,bladedynamic,flightdynamicand
acoustiobehaviour
o)Designandmanufacturetheblades*

11.
4«9*Wind Tunnel Dynamic Model (tests )
–Objective
Fully evaluate theaerodynamic ,dynamic andacoustic
"behaviour ofthespecific main rotor previously defined
(See4*8 )
None inEurope atfull tip speed
-Scope ofWork
a)Test ,data reduction andanalysis ofa4mdiameter
dynamic model inawind tunnel
b)Evaluate theperformance andthedynamic andacoustic
"behaviour oftherotor inthe full flight domain .
5.Fuselage Aerodynamics
5#1# Working theme and objectives
–Objective
Setupcomprehensive goals foraerodynamio performance
fuselage#
Miscellaneous work has "been donemseveral countries to
reduce thehelicopter equivalent flat plate area#
-Scope ofWork
a)Select Aircraft type
b)Determine specific missions tobeaccomplished
c)Derive goals forA/Ccharacteristics (equivalent flat
plate area etc.)inappropriate flight configurations ,
taking into account efficiency constraints#
5®2o Analytic Methods and Test Facilities
-Objective
Toevaluate available analytical methods andtest facilities
Analytical methods forthree-dimensional nonlifting fuselage
arecurrently used bysome helicopter manufacturers#
-Scope ofWork
a)Synthesis ofanalytical methods available fortwo-dimensional
andthree-dimensional fairing aerodynamio computation and
optimization#
b)Check analytical methods bycomparison with available
experimental data .
c)Establish testing methodology andseleot experimental
facilities tobeused .

12.
5.3 .Hub arm fairing
-Objective
Evaluate fairing shapes ,aerodynamic )characteristics ,
for the hub arms .
Afewfairing shapes have been already evaluated experimentally
bysome European manufacturers .
-Scope ofWork
a)Evaluation (theoretidal andexperimental )ofthree-dimen -
tional fairing shapes forthehub arm#
2aspects tobeconsidered :
1.actual hubshapes (fairing added )
2.optimized armshapes (nofairing )
Architectural constraints and ease ofmaintenance tobe
taken into account .
5.4.Fundamental Interference studies
–Objective
Todefine basic features oftheinterference between fuselage
andhub ,with aview todrag reduction .
•Several academic studies ofprotuberance flow have been
performed ,butmore directly related tohelicopter problems .
–Scope ofWork
a)Astudy ofbasic features offlow around asimple body
with pertuberances dimensionally characteristic ofthe
rotor hub
b)Investigation ofmethods forminimising theundesirable
effects ofseparation
5.5 .Basic Fuselage
-Ob.iective
Evaluate thedetailed aerodynamic characteristics ofseveral
fuselage shapes .
Limited experimental work ,inEurope ,onsome fuselage shapes .
-Scope ofWork
a)Analytical study ofbasic fuselage shapes
> b)Evaluate several fuselage shapes taking into account the
type ofaircraft selected andthedifferent possibilities for
engine location
c)Study "theeffeot ofbasio parameter variations :
fuselage thickness ,camber ,maximum cross section ,nose shape .

13.
d)Fuselagemodelsto"be"builtandtestedwithforces
andskinpressuremeasurements .
6.RotatingHub
-Objective
Reducetherotatinghubdrag"bysuitable"Pylon"and
"Hub"fairings.
Miscellaneous (experimental )studiesonnonrotatinghubs
havebeenperformed.
–ScopeofWork
Design,manufacture andtest-atsignificantscale-
2rotatinghubmodelswithPylonfairingandHubfairing
tobetestedonaminimumbodyshape(Simulationoffuselage
velocitygradient).
Model1Conventional hubarm+fairing
Model2Optimizedannshape
Completehelicopterstudy(norotorinflow)
-Objective
Reducecompletehelicopter d:pagwithoperativeengineair
intakesandnorotorinflow.
Somelimitedworkaimedatdragreduotionhasbeenperformed.
-ScopeofWork
a)Optimizerelativepositionofpylon,androtatinghubonthe
fuselage,takinginaccountallconstraints.
b)Studyoperativeairintakepositions,undercarriage position
andfairings,externalloadpositionsandfairings.
c)Design,manufactureandtestascaledmodelairoraftwith
rotatinghub,andusingseparatedragbalancesforrotorand
fuselage.
Dragreductiononcompletehelicopter
-Objective \
Evaluatedragreductionofoompletehelioopter
Workdoneinthisareaonnonsophisticated model.
–ScopeofWork %
OntaskNo.7model,addtherotorbladesandstudytheinfluence
ofrotorinflowonpressuredistribution andairoraftdrag.

14.
IFR Operation
6*1*Working Theme andObjectives
-Objective
Todefine optimised requirements forhelicopter IFRoperations
Miscellaneous work hasbeen done inEurope andUSA toextend
tohelicopters IPR operations
–Scope ofWork
a)Proposal foradefinition oftheminimum requirements for
IPRoperations incongested areas ,seaandmountain platforms -
with particular reference tooperational capability flight
safety and pilot comfort
b)Integration between IFRsimulation approach andexperimental
programme
6*2*Technical andOperational Survey
-Objective
Togather information from customers andoperators oncurrent
flight operations ,installed equipment andIFRconditions *
Some information isavailable from the 4firms *
-Scope ofWork
Asurvey shall bemade toobtain information onmission
distribution (flight hours over high density areas ,seaand
mountains )with regard to s
–Operational analysis
-Helicopter teohnical analysis
–Avionio systems analysis
-Aircraft efficiency
-Actual IPRoperating conditions
6«3•IFR Simulation
–Objective
Todevelop simulator approaches forIPRwhich will allow
evaluation ofproposals forpilot work load reduction
-Scope ofWork
«
j ' Itisproposed toevaluate pilot work load under novel IPR
conditions

15.
Thesimulatorstudieswillallowforconsideration of:
a)cockpitlayout
"b)overallairoraftstability
c)handlingcharacteristics
6.4.GroundStationDefinition'
–Objective
Tolayoutthecriteriatosetupanimprovedexperimental
groundstationforhelicopter IFRnavigationandapproach
Somegroundstationsarealreadyoperative
-ScopeofWork
a)Definitionofguidelineforpotentialareasandsite
selection,groundequipmentselectionandgroundstation
layout
b)Actualgroundstationsetuponselectedsite.
6.5.AirborneSystemselection,installation design,
manufacturing andtest.
-Obiective \
Todesign,manufacture andtestanimprovedexperimental
IFRinstallation
Eachofthe4companieshasdevelopedIFRhelicopters
-ScopeofWork
TheIFRinstallation willbedesigned,manufactured and
tested.
a)ToimprovethehelicopterperformanceinIFRoperations,
ie.integration withATGofcommercialairplanes,evaluation
ofcollisionavoidancesystems,(airborneandground)
evaluationofstabilityperformanceinIMC,generalreduction
ofpilotworkload.
b)ToexploitthetelicopterpeculiarcapabilitiesinIFR
conditionswithrespecttofixedwingaircraft.
y

16.
SafetyDevices
7.1.WorkingThemeandObjectives
–Objective
TodeterminecurrentlevelofSafetyDevicesforcommercial
helicopters andestablishspecifications .
Dataavailableinall4companies.
–ScopeofWork
a)Analysisofthecurrentknownsolution(inEuropeandUSA,
includingnewestmilitaryprogrammessuchasUTTASandAAH)
withregardtofailsafe,longlifecharacteristics and
crashsafetyofallhelicoptersinusetodayandoftheir
components *
b)Selectaircrafttypeanddeterminespeoifiomissionstobe
considered.
c)Derivegoalsandcompilearequirementcatalogueusing1CCL
specs,andotherspeoifiocriteria(FAA,LBA,BCAR,etc.)
forthespecifiodemandsofcommercialhelicopters.
7»2.DesignStudies
-Objective
•Toperformstudiesforincreasingsafety
Inthisfieldactivitiesareinprogressinall4companies.
-ScopeofWork
a)Conductdesignstudieswiththeobjectofoptimizingsafety
ofthecommercialhelicopter.
b)Performdesignstudiestoinoreaselonglifecharacteristics
andsafetyinservioebyusing,forexample,componentswith
failsafecharacteristics .
c)Generalresearchwillbemadetoprovenewmethodsfor
increasingsafetybyusing,forexample,diagnosissystems«
7.3.AnalyticalProcedures
-Objective
Toestablishanalyticaltoolsforsafetyimprovements
All4companieshaslimitedoomputerprograms
–ScopeofWork
a)Establishacomputerprogramfortheoreticalstudiesof
crashprocessesandtimehistories.
b)Theoreticalandanalyticalstudiestoimprovecrashsafety
andfailsafecharacteristics ofsinglecomponents,sytems
andtheentirehelioopter.

17.
Component Testin#
-Objective '
Toselect ,modify and/ordesign andmanufacture components
and test them .
Some work has been done inall 4companies
–Scope ofWork
a)Select suitable components andsystems from existing
helicopters toprove fail safe characteristics aswell ascrash
safety and long-life characteristics inoperation
b)Modify these components andsystems ifnecessary ,toimprove
the described characteristics
c)Design andmanufacture components andsystems toimprove
crash safety andlong-life characteristics
d)Test these oomponents andsystems
Crash Test \
–Objective
Toselect suitable fuselage andperform crash' tests
Crash tests onfuselages aredone atASaridMBB
–Scope ofWork
a)Selection ofamost suitable fuselage with equipment
for crash tests
b)Accomplishment ofcrash tests
c)Analysis ofresults
Design Guide
–Objective
Pail safe and orash design guide foroivil helicopter
development
USDesign guide formilitary application
-Scope ofWork
Compilation ofadesign guide forfail safe components and
systems ,long life characteristics ,crash resistant structural
layoutanddistribution ofoomponents forfuture helicopter
developments •

HifrhSpeedVTOLAircraft
-Objective
Todefinea"basicvehicleforresearchforhighspeedflight
withVTOL.
LimitedstudiesatEuropeanfirms.
ExtensiveworkinUS(BellandBoeing)*
TiltrotortunneltestatOÎJERA.
-ScopeofWork
a)Evaluationofthefundamental "benefitsanddisadvantages
ofvariousadvancedtechnologysolutionseg.tiltrotor;tiltwing,ABC,SupersonicRotor,AdvancedConventional
rotor.
b)Toidentifythekeyareasoftechnicaldifficultyitis
anticipated thatthesewilllieprimarilyinthedynamic
responseoftherotoritself,andinthetransition.
c)Todefinethemostsuitablemarketfortheapplicationofa
highspeedVTOLaircraft.
d)To"bringthesetogethertoproposeaprogrammeofresearch
leadingtotheconstruction ofaprototypehighspeed
demonstrator aircraftonanEuropean "basis.

ANNEXII
TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COOPERATION PROGRAMME
INTHE
AIRFRAME MANUFACTURING SECTOR
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH TOPICS
FatigueandFractureMeohanios-MetallioAirframeStruotures
FatigueandFractureMeohanios-CarbonFibreCompositeStruotures

1.
I.INTRODUCTION
/ \
Fromawiderangeofpossibletechnolgyresearchthemes,twotopicshave
.beenselectedbecauseoftheirhighpriorityandtechnicalinterest:
ThestudyoffatigueprooesBesandfracturemeohanicsinmetallicand
compositematerialaerospacestructures .Therealreadyexistnational
programmesinthesesareasbothinindustryandresearchestablishments .
Itisnevertheless consideredthattheseeffortsmaynotbeadequateto
maintainthetechnicalcompetitiveness oftheCommunity'sindustryand
.thatbeingnationalprogrammes maywellinvolvesomeduplicationofwork;
inadditionitisclearthattheneedexiststoharmoniseandimprove
ataCommunitylevelthedesignandnon-destructive testingprocedures
ofaircraftstructures .
ThepreparationofcommonmanualswhoBepurposewouldbetooptimisechoioe
ofmaterialsandmanufacturing procedures ,togetherwiththeoreationof
adata-bankforsystematiccollectionofmaterialsproperties ,pluscommon
agreementonnon-destructive inspectiontechniques ,quiteapartfromthe
collaborative effortwhichwouldbeneeded,shouldenableairframedevelop­
mentooststobereduoed,lengthenstructurallivesandreducemaintenance
costs.
Eachresearchprojectwillbeundertaken byagroupofmanufacturers ,with
oneaotingasprojeotleader,andwillbesetupinsuohawayastoin­
volveparticipation byresearohestablishments .
II.RESEARCHTOPICS
1.»Fatigueandfraoturemechanics-Métalstructures
1.1.Ob.iectives
Speoifioalmsoftheworkproposedare:
–Provisionofmanuals/instructionsforuseindesignoffioes,oont.ntsto
includegeneralrecommendations andoptimumohoioeofmaterials,joints,
construction methods,eto.
-Establishment ofadatabankforsystematiocolleotionofmaterialpro­
pertiesinformation .
Thesehandbookswillbeoombinedwiththesimilarproposedhandbooks
coveringfracturemeohaniosaspects(§1.2.).
Scopeofactivities
a)Preparationofahandbookon'fatigueofEuropeanmaterials(inconjunction
withafracturemechanicshandbook).Thisrequiresaseriesofrelatively
smallprogrammestoobtaindataoncrackinitiation ,includingtheeffects
ofcorrosion.Theprincipalmaterialswillbealuminiumandtitaniumalloy-
invariousforms(sheet,plate,forgings,etc.)andthicknessesovera
widerangeoftemperatures ,meanloads,environmental conditionsand
frequencies .Therewouldbesomefontofflightrandomloadingwithchecks
againstconstantamplitudeloading.

2.
b)Basicdatacontributing tothishandbookwillberequiredonstructural
endurance(loadingspectra,stresses),fatigueendurancecurves(harmoni–
sationofmaterialdata,methodsofdamagecalculation),stresscorrosion,
andoorrosionfatigue.
c)Evaluationofthefatiguebehaviour ofstandardisedstructuralelements,
ofassemblymethodsincludingweldedjoints,inordertooptimisetheir
choice.
Assessmentoftheeffectsofheattreatment ,highenergynumericalcontrol
machining(i.e.highmetalremovalrate)byendmillingandfinishingpro­
cessesonairframecomponents .Theaimiscostreductionbyreducingthe
numberofmachiningandfinishingstages,withoutreducingfatiguelife.
Assessmentofexistingandnewtitaniumalloystodeterminetheeffectsof
heattreatment,processing andmicro-structure onthefatiguestrengthof
titaniumforgings.Fabrication byelectronbeamweldinganditseffecton
fatigue.Demonstration ofintegrityoftitaniumcastings.
1.2.Fracturemechanics
-Ob.iectives
Toexpandtheknowledgeoftheaircraftandspacestruoturebehaviour
underrepeatedloadconditionsinpresenceofdefectsinthebasicmaterial.
Toestablishthetheoretical methodstoanalytically treattheproblemto
givestructuraldesignsolutions,includingselectionofmaterialsthat
providelongerandsaferlifetoaircraftandspacecraft .
Specificaimsoftheproposedworkares
-Preparationofdesignhandbooktosystematically treatfraoturemechanics
problemsforaerospacestructures (combinedwithasimilarhandbookof
fatigueaspects).Standardisation oftestsamplesandtestmethods.
-Establishment ofadatabanktocollectsystematically materialproperties
information .
-Scopeofactivities ;
a)Criticalreviewofexistingtheoreticalapproachesaimedtounifythe
methodsofanalysistobeadoptedinairframedesign.
b)Establishment ofnewanalyticalmsthods(finiteelementsappliedtocracktiploadconcentration andcrackpropagation ;3-Dcraokmodels,etc.).
c)Surveyoftheexistingexperimentaldatatosubstantiatethetheoretical
approachesandtocharacterise thevarioustypesofaerospacematerials.
d)Experimentalevaluationofbasicfracturemechanicsdataofselected
Europeanaerospacematerialstoobtaininformationcharacteristics ,
withparticularattentionbeingpaidtotheassessmentofthingauge
effects.Thesurfacecracksaswellastheinternalflawsneedtobe
investigated andtheeffectsconneotedwiththeshapeofthedefect
assessed.
e)Investigationoftheeffectofthecraokpropagationratesandresidual
strengthofenvironmental conditions ,includingweldedjoints.Inaddition
totheclassicalcyolicloadcondition,therandomloadconditionsandthe
effectsofacoustioloadsneedtobeinvestigated .

3.
1.3.Non-PestmotiveInspectionofAirframeStructures
-Objectives
Toinvestigate andtointroduceadvancedandunifiednon-destructive
inspectionmethodsbothduringthemanufacturing ,theacceptance ,andin-
serviceinspections ,inordertocorrectlyassessstructuraldefectstates
againstwellestablished standards,particularly indefinitionofadmissible
damageanddetermination ofspecificinspection(includingforadhesive
bondedjoints).
–Scopeofactivities
a)Determination ofdamagedetectionreliabilityandaccuracyofmeasure­
mentfordamagelevelwiththeuseofexistingmethodsofnon-destruc­
tiveinspection(eddycurrent,ultrasonic,etc.).Aseriesofcali­
bratedtestpieces,representativs oftypicalaircraftstructure
configuration ,willbesubjectedtonon-destruotive inspectiontestasa
basisfortheprogramme.
b)Methodsofapplicationandresultsofnewtechniquessuchaslaser
holography andacousticemissionwillbeinvestigated toestablisha
commonapproachtoexploitingthesignificant advantagestheyoffer.
c)Thedevelopmentofamethodtodetectsmallcraoksinfastenerholes
in-situbynon-destructive inspection .
2.Fatigueandfracturemechanics-carbonfibrecompositestructures
Thestudiesthatareproposedrelatetocarbonfibre/resincomposite
structures andwillcontainasubstantial experimental elementacoompanied
byworkonmathematical criteriaandmodels.
2.1.Fatigue
-<Objectives
Preparationofworkingdocumentsforusebythedesignoffices,comprising
generalrecommendations andselectionofconstruction methods.
Thesedocumentswillbecombinedwiththoserelatingtorupturemechanics
aspects.(§2.2.).
-Scopeofactivities
a)Knowledgeofloadingspectraencounteredinservioeonagivenelement,
bymeasurement onanaircraftinoperation.
b)Knowledgeofstressoutsidepresentstructuralpractice,inassemblies,
shortpartsandmoregenerally,in'partswithdiscontinuities produoing
stressconcentrations ..
c)Fatigueendurancecurves
-retrieval andharmonisation ofavailabledata
-furtherlaboratorytestsonasimpletestspeoimenoroneshowing
anomalies(hole,defects,assembly,etc.)
-testsonstructuralmodelsofsufficientsizetoenableapproximation
toconditionswhichexistinactualstruotures(panel,stiffenedor
not,sandwich,eto.)

4-
d)Problems associated with theestblishment ofmethods forcalculating
damage interms ofoomplex loading (MINER type cumulative laws ),notch
coefficients ,adaptation effects ,statics pre-stressing ,scale effeots .
e)Assessment ofinfluence ofweathering andenvironmental conditions .
2.2 .Fracture mechanics
–Ob.iectives
-Toexpand theknowledge ofaircraft structures under repeated load
conditions inpresence ofdefects inthe composite material .
-Establish theoretioal methods ofanalysis using mathematical models .
The specific aimoftheproject istoprepare handbooks foruse in
design offices ,which will include general recommendations andoptimum
choice ofconstruction methods .
-Scope ofactivities
With composites ,the failure phenomenon will essentially beafunction
ofthematerial composition (number oflayers ,direction ,sandwich ,etc.).
a)Basic data
Byanalogy with tests onmetals ,propagation curves will need tobe
established byexperiment .
The following will beexamined onlaboratory test specimens :
-theeffect ofthethickness andshape oftheoriginal product ,
•«-the effect ofthedirection ofthe fibres ,
-the effect ofaload distribution producing complex multidirectional
conditions }(this study should attempt todevelop analytical ways
ofexpressing thelaws ofpropagation ),
-theeffect ofweathering andenvironmental conditions .
b)Propagation with complex stressing (instructural elements ):
-effect ofheavy loads (quasi-statio tests ),
-effect offrequencies particularly noise .
c)Mathematical models approach .
2.3 .Non-destructive testing
–Ob.iectives
Contributions tosolving maintenance problems ,including definition of
permissible damage levels anddetermination ofintervals between inspections
associated with thetechniques used innon-destructive testing .
–Scope ofactivities
a)Non-destructive testing forquality control ofparts after manufacture .
-Determination ofspecific application andcontrol conditions (using
equipment andmethods developed formetal structures §1.3.)forthe
detection ofthevarious defects (delamination ,carbon /honeycomb
bonding ,incarbon skins ),
-Preparation oftest specimens with faults will enable conditions of
use tobedefined .
Inaddition ,forcomposite structures newmethods maybedeveloped
industrially :

5.
-continuouslaserholography
-pulsedlaserholography
-acousticemission.
la)Ifon-destructive testingonpartsinservice
Thisimportantfieldstudyincludes:
-theidentification ofdamage
-establishing thepermissible damagelevels
-adaptationofalreadknownnon-destruotive testingmethods
-researchintonewmethodsbetteradaptedtoaotualoperatingoonditions.
\

»1- AnnexIII
TT~Tnwn nmimwuiiwuiam
Financeandpersonnel
»xneprogrammecoverstneperiod "between1977and1981.For1977there
isalreadyincludedintheCommunity "budgetthesumof3MUA
foraeronauticalresearch,underChapter100,withcrossreference
toJ...i.'1e37c10

Accw»c.'.1decisiononthispresentproposal;providedittookpla.ce
sufficientlyinadvanceofthedeadlineforthisexercise,wouldenable
var:u.;..A/thewhole8MJAioheco,nmittedandhalftohopaidout,in1977
leavingtheotherhalftohecarrielforwardforpaymentsduring1978.
rrojeotproposalsincludeabudgetforecastfortheperiod
36ajffljAwinoillaterhavetohet+.iniq7t»r>*ic-yf
"■-'-ά;.^.7;;α^χλ.ΙΔ.-/'
followingbasis®period77/81totalling
d19?Bonthe
Table1-FinancialCowmitiacnts
"Airframe"research
"Helicopter"research
TOTAL1977
7.98
JjmrVfv'i1–^1LIL|II
7»981978
22,00
6.72TOTAL
22.00
14.70
28.72 36.70
xpenditarehas"beencaxcularbedoil"thefollowinga.ssurupl;ion*
50%ofeachcontractvaluewillhepaidonsignature10foonreceipt
ofthefinalreportandtheremainderinstagesduringperformanceof
thecontract«
Thetotalsshoummayberevisedthroughtheproceduresetoutin
article4oftheDraftCouncilDecision®

4.Thefollowing 1twotablesprovideascheduleofpaymentsforeach
projectovertheperiod,togetherwithestimatedamountstocover
theadministrative cootc.oftheprogramme *
Table2–AirframeResearchProgramme
Table3–Helicopter Programme

-3-
5.ProgrammeManagementcostshave"beencalculatedontheassumption
thatitwill"benecessary,particularly inrelationtotechnical
management,toreinforcetoalimitedextencttheCommission'sservices,
buttocountmostlyonusingtheexistingcapabilities oftheMember
States*
ItisenvisagedthatinrespectoftheCommission ,twofull-timeexperts
willbetakenonforthedurationc»ftheprogrammeplustwopurelyadminis­
trativepersonneltoundertakethecentralco-ordination ofthetechnical
managementfunction,andthaitheabove-mentioned staffwillbepaidon
theresearchbudgetandwillbeundertherulesapplicabletothe
category.
Itisenvisagedthat5man/yearswillberequiredfordaytodayproject
controlbypart-timeexpertsworkingwithinthememberStates.This
figureisindicativeonly,foritmayw.ellprovenecessarytomodify
itduringthelifeoftheprogramme,bothinrelationtothenumbers
andqualifications ofpersonnelnecessary.Overallmanagementcosts
(personnelexpenses,travelandsecretarialservices)asshownamount
to4*7ofprogrammetotal.
6.Detailedfinancialbreakdownsfollowforeachofthetwoprogrammes.

-A -
Financial Breakdown No1
Budgetary Reference sarticle 37°10
2. Project description :technological research proposals inthe field
ofairframe manufacture
3« Legal Basis : article 235oftheTreaty .
4. Aims andObjectives :support fortheEuropean aeronautical industry in
order topromote cooperation intechnological
research necessary forthedevelopment ofthe
next generation ofoivil aircraft ,tolead to
improvements indirect operating costs and
nuisance reduction .
5. Overall costs interms ofestimated annual expenditure .
5.0 .Overall cost :22.000.000 U.A.
5.1 .Prgyisional breakdown :
1978
-Disbursements : 10.810.000 4«4°0
-Commitments : 22.000.000
6. Funding :to "beincluded infuture budgets .1„ Budgetary Reference s
2. Project description :
3. Legal Basis :
4« Aims andObjectives :
1279 2280 1981
4.480.000 4.480.000 2.230.000

-5-
Financialbreakdown W°2.
1.BudgetaryReference :Article37»lO
2.Proiectdescription :technicalresearchproposalsinthefieldofairframe
manufacture
3.Legalbasis:
4.AimsandobjectivesArticle235of"theTreaty-
supportfortheEuropeanhelicopterindustryin
ordertopromotecooperationintechnological
researchnecessaryfordevelopingprojectsaimed
atmeetingthegrowingdemandsofthecivilsector.
5.OverallcostsmtermsofestimatedAnnualexpenditure
5.0.Overallcost:14.700.000 U.A.
5.1.Provisional Breakdown :
19771978 19791980 1981
Pisbursements:3.990*0004*270.0002.580.0002.400.000 1.468.000
Commitments :7.890.0006.720.000
6.Funding:8.000.000U.A.fromthe1977Budget(Chapt.100)andtherest
tobeinoludedinfuturebudgets.

III-884/77 -E
ANNEX IV
KNOW-HOw AND INVENTIONS
A. Know-how i
Contracts concluded pursuant tothis Decision shall contain clauses
enabling :
1.TheCommission tobenotified ofknow-how acquired from research
entrusted tothecontractor andentitling the Commission touse
such information foritsownpurposes ,inparticular forthemanage­
ment oftheprogramme ;
2.Amutual exohange inconfidence ,between those contractors conducting
research onthe same subject ,ofallinformation which isattheir
disposal andwhich isnecessary forthesatisfactory execution ofa
programme ;
3.Annual progress reports tobedrawn uponeach research subject
which the Commission may communicate totheManagement Committee ;
4.Special reports tobedrawn upatthe initiative ofthecontractor
orattherequest ofthe Commission fortheMember States and for
persons andorganisations engaged within theMember States in
research orproduction activities justifying their access tosuch
reports ;
5.Afinal report tobedrawn upforpublication oneach research
subject ,ontheunderstanding that thedissemination ofallorpart
ofsuch report shall ,attherequest ofthecontractor ,who shall
give thereasons therefore ,berestricted totheMember States and
topersons andorganisation engaged within theMember States in
research orproduction activities justifying their access tosuch
reports .
B. Inventions
1.Inventions ,whether ornotpatentable ,resulting from execution of
theprogramme shall belong tothecontractors or,ifanumber of
them sorequire ,toalegal entity established bythem .Should the
contractors waive their rights tosuch inventions ,the Commission
mayclaim ownership thereof onbehalf ofthe Community .
Article 3,save foritsfirst paragraph ,andArticles 6and7of
Council Regulation (EEC)No2380/74of17September 1974 shall apply
tothesaid inventions .Contractors mayhowever grant licences
toexploit them only with theprior authorization oftheCommission ,
where such licences enable products orequipment manufactured ina
third country tobeimported into the Conumnity ,

AiTNEXIV
Whenselectingconctractors ,theCommissionshallaccordpriority
tothosehavingconcludedorhavingagreedtoconcludebetweenthem­
selvesanagreementonthejointexploitation ofinventions and
know-howresultingfromresearchintoagivensubject.Anyagree­
mentmustprovideforthegrantingoflicencesinrespectofother
inventionsorfortheprovisionofalternative know-howwhichthe
contractors mayhaveattheirdisposalwherethisisnecessaryfor
suchjointexploitation .
Λ

AnnexV
DRAFTOFCOUNCILDECISION .
adoptinganinitialpluriannual Programmeofresearchin.the
aircraftmanufacturing field
THECOUNCIL OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishing theEuropeanEconomicCommunity,
andinparticularArticle235thereof; -
HavingregardtotheproposalfromtheCommission;
HavingregardtotheOpinionoftheEuropeanParliament Cx);
WhepeasArticle2oftheTreatyassignstotheCommunitythetask,
amongstothers,ofpromotingthroughout theCommunity aharmonious
development ofeconomicactivities,acontinuous andbalancedexpansion
andanaccelerated raisingofthestandardofliving;.
t
Whereasresearchinaircraftmanufacturing isanimportantfactorin
'achievingtheseobjectives;
Whereastheresearchanddevelopment activities whichformthesubject
oftheDecisiontherefore seemnecessaryinordertoachievecertain
Communityobjectiveswithinthefunctioning ofthecommonmarket;
WhereastheTreatyhasnotprovidedthepowersnecessaryforthesepurposes;
WhereastheCouncil,initsStatementof14thMarch1977(x)onindustrial
policyintheaeronautical sector,agreedtoexploretheopportunities
andproceduresforajointeffort
<x)OJN"6?»19.3-1977.

withregardtobasicresearch ,wthaviewparticularly todeveloping
theknow-howrequiredforthefuturegeneration ofaircraftandto
makingthebestuseoftheresources andcapacitiesoftheMember
States;
HavingregardtotheOpinionoftheScientific andTechnical Research
Committee (CREST)of...eo....
HASDECIDED ASFOLLOWS :
Article 1
Anaircraftmanufacturing researchprogrammefortheEuropeanEconomic
CommunityisherebyadoptedintheformsetoutintheAnnexhereto
forafiveyearperiodstartingon1October1977.TheAnnexforms
anintegralpartofthisDecision.
Article 2
Thecreditsnecessaryfortheimplementation ofthisprogrammeare
enteredintheannualbudgetoftheCommunity.
Article3
TheCommissionshallensuretheimplementation ofthisprogramme,
assistedbyanadvisorycommitteeonprogramme management setupfpr
thispurposeandshallkeeptheEuropeanParliament andtheScientific
andTechnical ResearchCommittee (CREST)informed.
Article 4
Theprogrammeshallbereviewedattheendofthefirsthalfof1979,
bymeansoftheappropriate procedures,aftertheScientific andTechnical
ResearchCommittee(CREST)hasdelivereditsOpinion,sothatanyamendments
totheprogrammeresultingfromthatreviewcanbeimplemented bythe
beginningof1980atthelatest.

Article 5
Theinformationresultingfromtheimplementation oftheprogrammedefined
intheAnnexshall,bedisseminfetsd inaccordancewithCouncilRegulation
(EEC)N°2380/74of17September1974adoptingprovisionsforthe
dissemination ofinformationrelatingtoresearchprogrammesforthe
EuropeanEconomicCommunity »
DoneatBrussels,
FortheCouncil/
ThePresident

ANNEX
InitialResearchProgrammeinthefieldofaircraftmanufacture
Theprogrammeshallbecarriedoutbymeansofcontracts.
Thefollowingobjectivesarelaiddown:
1.Programmesintheairframeconstruction field
-Increasesinairframestructurallifeandreducedmaintenance costs,
throughimprovedknowledgeoffatigueandfracturemechanicsand
bettermethodsofnon-destructive testing,bothinrelationtometal
structures andtocompositematerialones;
2.Programmes inthehelicopterfield
-Increaseinfue>leconomythroughimprovements inaerodynamic
performance ofthemainrotorononehandandofthefuselageon
theothar>particularly inrelationtodragreduction;
-Improvement oftheenvironment byresearchintoreductionofthe
externalnoiseproducedbyhelicopters;
-Improvements inoperationalsafetybystudiesintomaterials
andstructuresbehaviour;
-Wideningtheoperational scopeforhelicopters bynoiseand
Vibrationreductionwithihthecabin,development ofIFRflying
andr'esearchintofastverticaltakeoffaircraft.

AnnexVI
DRAFTCOUNCILDECISION
SETTING UPAMANAGEMENT ANDCOORDINATING COMMITTEE
FOR.RESEARCH PROGRAMMES
INTHEAERONAUTICAL MANUFACTURING SECTOR
THECOUNCILOFTHEEUROPEANCOMMUNITIES,
HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishing theEuropeanEconomicCommunity,
HavingregardtothedraftDecisionsubmittedbytheCommission,
WhereastheCouncil,byDecisionof (1)hasadoptedaninitial
multiannual programmeforresearchinthefieldofaeronautical manufacture,
Whtfreas,inaccordance withArticle3oftheabovementioned Decision,
theCommissionwillensuretheimplementation ofttiisprogrammeassisted
byaCommitteecomposedofrepresentatives ofthememberStates;
Whereas,sinceitisappropriate toestablishthisCommittee
HASDECIDED ASFOLLOWS:
(1)O.J.n°

-2-
ARTICLE 1
AConsultative CommitteefortheManagement andCoordination ofthe
researchprogrammeintheaeronautical construction sectorhereinafter
calledthe"Committee",isherebysetupforthedurationofthe
entireprogramme.
TheCommitteeshallconsistoftworepresentatives tobeappointed by
eachMemberStateplustwomemberstobeappointedbytheCommission
andwhomaycallontheassistanceofexpertsoradvisersaccording
tothenatureoftheactionsunderconsideration .
TheCommitteeshallchooseitsownchairman.
TheCommissionshallprovidethesecretariat servicesfortheCommittee.
TheCommitteeshalladoptitsownrulesofprocedure.
ARTICLE 2
Themembershipofanyrepresentative willterminate onhisdeath
orresignation,orshouldthememberStatewhoappointed himrequire
hisreplacement .Asuccessorwillbeappointedfortheremainder
oftheprogramme.
ARTICLE3
TheCommitteeshallassisttheCommission intheexecutionofthe
aeronautical researchprogrammeadoptedinDecision....
TheCommitteeshallbeconsultedinparticular onthefollowing :
-choiceoftheorganizations towhichtheworkistobeentrusted,
~evaluationoftheresultsoftheworkateachstageoftheprogramme
andtheorientation oftheworkintheremainingstages,•
-choiceofprojectdirectors,composition andresponsibilities
ofthetechnicalsubcommittees .

-3-
ARTICLE 4
TheMember States andtheCommission will consult together ,through
theCommittee ,with aview topromoting coordination oftheir
programmes inthearea covered bytheprogramme .
DONE ATBRUSSELS ,
FOR THE COUNCIL
THE PRESIDENT