4.The release of instalments in accordance with the Financing Agreement shall be conditional on available funding and a decision by the Commission, taken in accordance with Article 24 of Regulation (EU) 2021/241, that France has satisfactorily fulfilled the relevant milestones and targets identified in relation to the implementation of the recovery and resilience plan. Subject to the entry into force of the legal commitments referred to in paragraph 1, to be eligible for payment, milestones and targets shall be completed no later than 31 August 2026.

3.The pre-financing shall be released subject to the entry into force and in accordance with the Financing Agreement provided for in Article 23(1) of the Regulation (EU) 2021/241. The pre-financing shall be cleared against the payment of the instalments.

2.The Union financial contribution shall be made available by the Commission to France in instalments in accordance with the Annex to this Decision. An amount of EUR 5 117 881 402 shall be made available as a pre-financing payment, equal to 13 per cent of the financial contribution. The pre-financing and instalments may be disbursed by the Commission in one or several tranches. The size of the tranches shall be subject to the availability of funding.

1.The Union shall make available to France a financial contribution in the form of non-repayable support amounting to EUR 39 368 318 474. An amount of EUR 24 323 387 303 is available to be legally committed by 31 December 2022. Subject to the update provided for in Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2021/241 calculating an amount for France equal to or more than this amount, a further amount of EUR 15 044 931 171 is available to be legally committed as of 1 January 2023 until 31 December 2023.

The assessment of the recovery and resilience plan of France on the basis of the criteria provided for by Article 19(3) of Regulation (EU) 2021/241 is approved. The reforms and investment projects under the recovery and resilience plan, the arrangements and timetable for monitoring and implementation of the recovery and resilience plan, including the relevant milestones and targets, the relevant indicators relating to the fulfilment of the envisaged milestones and targets, and the arrangements for providing full access by the Commission to the underlying relevant data are set out in the Annex to this Decision.

Article 1 Approval of the assessment of the recovery and resilience plan

(57)This Decision should be without prejudice to the outcome of any procedures relating to the award of Union funds under any other Union programme than Regulation (EU) 2021/241 or to procedures relating to distortions of the operation of the internal market that may be undertaken, in particular under Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty. It does not override the requirement for Member States to notify instances of potential State aid to the Commission under Article 108 of the Treaty,

(56)France has requested pre-financing of 13% of the financial contribution. That amount should be made available to France subject to the entry into force and in accordance with the Financing Agreement provided for in Article 23(1) of Regulation (EU) 2021/241.

(55)The support to be provided is to be financed from the borrowing by the Commission on behalf of the Union on the basis of Article 5 of Council Decision (EU, Euratom) 2020/2053. The support should be paid in instalments once France has satisfactorily fulfilled the relevant milestones and targets identified in relation to the implementation of the recovery and resilience plan.

(54)In accordance with Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2021/241, the calculation of the maximum financial contribution for France is to be updated by 30 June 2022. As such, in accordance with Article 23(1) of that Regulation, an amount for France should be made available now for a legal commitment by 31 December 2022. Where necessary following the updated maximum financial contribution, the Council, on a proposal from the Commission, should amend this Decision to include the updated maximum financial contribution without undue delay.

(53)The estimated total cost of the recovery and resilience plan of France is EUR 40 950 000 000. As the recovery and resilience plan satisfactorily complies with the criteria for assessment set out in Regulation (EU) 2021/241 and, furthermore, as the amount of the estimated total costs of the recovery and resilience plan is higher than the maximum financial contribution available for France, the financial contribution allocated for France’s recovery and resilience plan should be equal to the total amount of the financial contribution available for France.

(52)Following the positive assessment of the Commission concerning the French recovery and resilience plan with the finding that the plan satisfactorily complies with the criteria for assessment set out in Regulation (EU) 2021/241, in accordance with Article 20(2) of that Regulation, this Decision should set out the reforms and investment projects necessary for the implementation of the plan, the relevant milestones, targets and indicators, and the amount made available from the Union for the implementation of the plan in the form of non-repayable financial support.

(51)The consultation process was coordinated by the Ministry of Economy and Finance and involved relevant stakeholders, including employers’ organisations, trade unions, enterprises, economists, non-governmental organisations and think thanks. The Parliament contributed to the design of the plan, while regional and local authorities were consulted through specific committees. Social partners were consulted on the plan on four occasions, through the “Conseil économique, social et environnemental” (CESE). To ensure ownership by the relevant actors, it is crucial to involve all local authorities and stakeholders concerned, including social partners, throughout the implementation of the investments and reforms included in the plan.

(50)France is participating in cross-border and multi-country projects in three distinct fields. In cooperation with other Member States to promote hydrogen technology, France should participate in planned Important Projects of Common European interest (IPCEI) aiming at fostering renewable and low-carbon hydrogen production and use. A second planned IPCEI is focusing on next generation cloud and edge computing, to increase Europe's digital leadership in future data processing and improve the European offer of infrastructure and cloud services. A third planned IPCEI on microelectronics and communication technologies (including 5G/6G) should aim to reinforce Europe’s innovative technologies in this field.

(49)France has provided a security self-assessment for investments in digital capacities and connectivity in accordance with Article 18(4) point (g) of Regulation (EU) 2021/241. Such assessment is present in the plan for the following three measures: the ultrafast broadband plan (‘plan France très haut débit’), the digitalisation of the State and Territories, and mobility and teleworking in the Ministry of Interior.

(48)Gender equality and equal opportunities for all are addressed through reforms and investments supporting education, vocational training and access to employment of youth, including for children and youth from disadvantaged background. These also include specific measures to incentivise the recruitment of workers with disabilities, including in the public service. The plan also contains reforms and investments to improve of the quality of life and care of older persons. As regards gender equality, key measures include the transformation of the public service with quantitative objectives for women in management positions as well as pay transparency obligations for companies. Companies benefitting from measures under Regulation (EU) 2021/241 are expected to contribute to economic, social, and environmental transformations, notably through an obligation for companies to publish an index measuring progress in the area of gender equality.

(47)The French recovery and resilience plan is structured around nine coherent components, which support the common objectives to stimulate the recovery of the French economy, to contribute to the green and digital transition and to increase France’s resilience towards sustainable and inclusive growth. Each component is built around consistent packages of both reforms and investments, with measures that are mutually reinforcing or complementary. Synergies also exist across the various components and no measure contradicts or undermines the effectiveness of another.

(46)In accordance with Article 19(3) point (k) and section 2.11 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2021/241, the plan includes to a high extent (Rating A) measures for the implementation of reforms and public investment projects that represent coherent actions.

(45)The national recovery and resilience plan describes in an appropriate way the system for the implementation of the recovery and resilience plan in France. The national regulatory framework represents a robust internal control system whereby clear roles and responsibilities are distributed to the competent actors. At central government level, the Minister of Economy, Finance and Recovery is responsible for steering the recovery plan, in permanent consultation with the General Secretariat for European Affairs (SGAE). The plan is monitored by the “Secrétariat Général France Relance” attached to the Prime Minister and the Minister of Economy. The implementation is delegated to the Ministries by means of “conventions de délégation de gestion” and “chartes de gestion”. In particular, the controls on the milestones and targets are delegated to the Ministries in charge of the implementation of the components through the “convention de délégation de gestion”. A circular is expected to be signed by the Prime Minister prior to the submission of first payment claim relative to (i) the system organisation and the obligations of each structure in terms of ensuring reliability and control of data; (ii) the procedures for collecting and storing data on monitoring indicators. In accordance with the Regulation, all the standardised categories of data set out in Article 22(2)(d) shall be collected. With regard to the internal control system, the authorities in charge of the recovery and resilience plan should rely on the national system in place in France to control the national budget. The “Commission interministérielle de Coordination des Contrôles” (CiCC) is appointed as the national audit and control coordinator. The CiCC aims to protect the financial interests of the Union in France. With its own power of control, it ensures that European funds are used in accordance with Union and national rules. It also has a mission to prevent and sanction fraud. Verification, inspection and audit missions should ensure the effectiveness of these systems and to control the quality of the data transmitted for the most significant measures. It has adopted already in 2016 a national strategy to combat fraud against European funds, and disposes of several actors in the fight against fraud. France has put in place adequate arrangements to avoid double funding under Regulation (EU) 2021/241 and other Union programmes.

(44)In accordance with Article 19(3) point (j) and section 2.10 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2021/241, the arrangements proposed in the recovery and resilience plan and the additional measures contained in this Decision are adequate (Rating A) to prevent, detect and correct corruption, fraud and conflicts of interests when using the funds provided under that Regulation, and the arrangements are expected to effectively avoid double funding from that Regulation and other Union programmes. This is without prejudice to the application of other instruments and tools to promote and enforce compliance with EU law, including for preventing, detecting and correcting corruption, fraud and conflicts of interests, and for protecting the Union finances in line with Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2020/2092 of the European Parliament and of the Council.

(43)France has generally provided breakdowns of costs for the measures, with references to earlier similar projects or studies carried out to justify cost figures and adequate explanations of the methodology used to establish total costs. For the various measures where costs may not be determined in detail beforehand because projects are selected through competitive procedures such as calls for proposals, the recovery and resilience plan generally provides justification, using past experience, that the costs are not disproportionate to the aims of the measure. The assessment of the cost estimates and supporting documents show that most of the costs are reasonable and plausible. However, the fact that sometimes the methodology used is not sufficiently well explained and the link between the justification and the cost itself is not fully clear precludes an A rating for this assessment criterion. Finally, the estimated total cost of the recovery and resilience plan is in line with the principle of cost-efficiency and is commensurate to the expected national economic and social impact.

(42)In accordance with Article 19(3) point (i) and section 2.9 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2021/241, the justification provided in the plan on the amount of the estimated total costs of the recovery and resilience plan is to a medium extent (Rating B) reasonable and plausible and is in line with the principle of cost efficiency and is commensurate to the expected national economic and social impact.

(41)Member States should ensure that financial support under the Facility is communicated and acknowledged in line with article 34 of Regulation (EU) 2021/241. Technical support may be requested under the Technical Support Instrument to assist Member States in the implementation of their plan.

(40)The verification mechanisms, data collection and responsibilities described by the French authorities appear sufficiently robust to justify in an adequate manner the disbursement requests once the milestones and targets are assessed as completed.

(39)The milestones and targets of the French plan constitute an appropriate system for monitoring the plan’s implementation. They are sufficiently clear and comprehensive to ensure that their completion is traced and verified.

(38)The Ministry of Economy, Finances and Recovery, together with the General Secretariat of European Affairs, is responsible for the monitoring and implementation of the French recovery and resilience plan. Milestones and targets are clear, realistic and well-suited to tracking progress in implementation of the recovery and resilience plan, with relevant, acceptable and robust related indicators, covering all reforms and investments featured in the plan.

(37)In accordance with Article 19(3) point (h) and section 2.8 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2021/241, the arrangements proposed in the recovery and resilience plan are adequate (Rating A) to ensure effective monitoring and implementation of the recovery and resilience plan, including the envisaged timetable, milestones and targets, and the related indicators.

(36)Lasting impact of the plan can also be enhanced through synergies between the plan and other programmes financed by the cohesion policy funds, notably by addressing in a substantive manner the deeply rooted territorial challenges and promoting a balanced development.

(35)The implementation of the investments and reforms envisaged by France in its recovery and resilience plan should have a lasting impact on the country's economic, social and institutional resilience. The investments in technology, innovation such as green technologies, digital, health, and in skills and digital transition envisaged in the plan should have an impact on productivity and thus on the potential growth of the French economy. The measures aimed at increasing employability, particularly of young people, should also have a positive effect on potential growth in the long term. The youth employment policy in the plan is both innovative in its scope and likely to have a lasting impact through its expected effects on employment and social inclusion. The resilience, efficiency and accessibility of the health sector should be strengthened through the implementation of the national health system reform strategy, the modernisation of infrastructure as well as the digitalisation of health. It is expected to improve the availability of certain health services in underserved regions, such as rural areas and outermost regions. The ecological transition is supported by several specific reforms including the Climate and Resilience Law and the Mobility Law. The research reform and related investments should allow France to make some progress towards the 3% of GDP target for R&D by gradually increasing public spending on R&D and strengthening public/private cooperation. The investments to support the transformation of higher education institutions should have high spill over effects that should be beneficial to the economy and society (as a whole, incentivising the transition of these institutions to excellence, increasing the diversification of resources and their role in the innovation chain should have a lasting impact). Finally, specific measures presented in the plan should contribute to the objective of long-term sustainability of public finances.

(34)In accordance with Article 19(3) point (g) and section 2.7 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2021/241, the recovery and resilience plan is expected to have a lasting impact on France to a large extent (Rating A).

(33)Moreover, the plan includes a crosscutting approach to the digital transition of the country. The plan includes digital investments covering research, innovation, deployment of new technologies, digitalisation of the State and the territories, cybersecurity, electronic identity and eHealth. Cybersecurity investments should strengthen public services whose disruption would have a strong impact on citizens. Significant investments in eHealth should support the national digital health services infrastructure and project management. The plan also supports a number of actions for the deployment of key digital capacities, mainly through the Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir. The areas targeted include cybersecurity, 5G, quantum, cloud computing as well as digital education and cultural and creative sectors. The recovery and resilience plan details the participation of the country in two planned digital Important Projects of Common European interest: one on next generation cloud and edge computing and the other on microelectronics and communication technologies, both to be supported under Regulation (EU) 2021/241 via the ‘Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir’.

(32)The recovery and resilience plan’s investments for digital transition contribute to tackling France’s challenges, for instance by improving connectivity, fostering the digitalisation of firms, and improving digital education and skills. Investments foreseen in the area of digital connectivity such as ultrafast broadband plan, should have a lasting impact, addressing both structural weaknesses and contributing to improve technological resilience while increasing cohesion among the whole territory, including rural areas. The recovery and resilience plan builds on existing initiatives such as “France Num” to increase the digitalisation of 200°000 SMEs by 2024 while providing employees with the necessary support to manage their transition to digital technologies. The plan also includes investment to support education and employment, including specific interventions for digital skills development, such as a complementary allocation to the individual learning accounts for training in “jobs of the future”, targeting the training of 25000 people in digital professions. These investments will support the implementation of the comprehensive strategy for the digitalisation of education, in particular for primary and secondary schooling. Measures to improve digital skills specifically are key to address France’s structural issues related to the persistent lack of digital skills among the French population, which in 2019 was below the Union average and contribute reaching the Digital Decade target of 80% of Union citizens with basic digital skills by 2030 and 20°000°000 information and communications technology specialists.

(31)In accordance with Article 19(3) point (f) and section 2.6 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2021/241, the recovery and resilience plan contains measures that contribute to a large extent (Rating A) to the digital transition or to addressing the challenges resulting from it. The measures supporting digital objectives account for an amount which represents 21,3% of the plan’s total allocation calculated in accordance with the methodology of Annex VII to Regulation (EU) 2021/241.

(30)Reforms and investments should make a significant contribution to advance the decarbonisation and climate objectives of France as set out in France’s National Energy and Climate Plan as well as in the ‘Stratégie Nationale Bas Carbone’, whose 2020 revision sets the roadmap to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. The French recovery and resilience plan mainly focuses on energy efficiency measures, in particular in the building and industry sectors, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. As regards renewable energy, the emphasis on renewable and low-carbon hydrogen production as well as other electrification measures, e.g. in the transport sector, is expected to lead to increased consumption of renewable electricity, to the extent that the additional electricity demand is met by additional renewable electricity production. In addition, the facilitation of administrative requirements for the deployment of renewable investments included in the ASAP Law (“Accélération et simplification de l’action publique” – Acceleration and Simplification of Public Action) may foster the development of additional renewable electricity capacity. Therefore, the French plan is expected to contribute to the Union’s energy and climate targets for 2030 and the objective of EU Union climate neutrality by 2050.

(29)The plan includes structural and long-lasting investments in the energy renovation of the public and private buildings stock, clean mobility infrastructures and vehicles, as well as the decarbonisation of industrial processes, putting France on the path towards a substantial and sustainable reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and therefore to climate transition. The plan also features significant intangible investments in R&D and innovation, in particular in the field of green technologies under the fourth ‘Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir’ that should promote the deployment of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen as a way to support the decarbonisation of the economy, and to support the aeronautics industry to transition towards a low-carbon industry. In terms of environmental transition, the plan should directly contribute to the preservation of biodiversity through investments in protected areas, ecological restoration operations, improvement of the forest management and extension of wooded areas. Other investments (in circular economy and in particular in the field of plastic materials, in the fight against the artificialisation of soils, in management of water resources and waste, as well as in the agricultural transition) should also contribute to the green transition. Finally, the Climate and Resilience Law, the implementation decrees on the circular economy and the ‘green budgeting’ of public spending should ensure a lasting impact of the French recovery and resilience plan on the green transition, including on biodiversity and environmental protection.

(28)In accordance with Article 19(3) point (e) and section 2.5 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2021/241, the recovery and resilience plan contains measures that contribute to a large extent (Rating A) to the green transition, including biodiversity, or to addressing the challenges resulting therefrom. The measures supporting climate objectives account for an amount which represents 46,0% of the plan’s total allocation calculated in accordance with the methodology of Annex VI to Regulation (EU) 2021/241. In accordance with Article 17 of Regulation (EU) 2021/241, the recovery and resilience plan is consistent with the information included in the National Energy and Climate Plan 2021-2030.

(27)For some measures where calls for projects or calls for interest are still necessary to select specific projects in the future, for example measures related to the fourth ‘Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir’ or to the decarbonisation of industry, the principle of ‘do no significant harm’ is complied with by ensuring, in particular through appropriate milestones associated with these measures, that the terms of reference of the calls for projects or calls for interest prevent activities that could do significant harm to environmental objectives from being selected.

(26)France’s recovery and resilience plan includes a systematic assessment of each measure against the principle of ‘do no significant harm’. The information provided allows to assess that measures comply with the principle, for instance by providing justifications on the modalities of application of the existing Union and French legislative framework to avoid any significant harm.

(25)In accordance with Article 19(3) point (d) and section 2.4 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2021/241, the recovery and resilience plan is expected to ensure that no measure (Rating A) for the implementation of reforms and investments projects included in the recovery and resilience plan does significant harm to environmental objectives within the meaning of Article 17 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852 (the principle of ‘do no significant harm’).

(24)Several reforms are expected to further strengthen social resilience and cohesion. Reforms to the health system aim to improve the attractiveness of the careers of health personnel and facilitate the organisation of local care. The renewed strategy adopted by the public employment service is expected to better counsel jobseekers, including through a new diagnostic and guidance methodology. Moreover, a reform of the unemployment insurance should incentivise companies to offer more permanent contracts over shorter fixed-term ones. Other reforms regulate the relations between the State and local territories, allowing for more flexible modalities of transfer of powers from the State to local territories, with streamlined decision making to strengthen institutional resilience as well as territorial cohesion. In addition, the cross-cutting reform of public service, through revised recruitment procedures and reinforcement of the equal treatment and opportunity principle, is expected to further contribute to the social cohesion.

(23)The recovery and resilience plan envisages significant investments to address social challenges and improve social cohesion and integration of some vulnerable groups (disadvantaged youth, persons with disabilities, and elderly people). To foster educational attainment and labour market integration of young people, investments include support to apprenticeships, targeted hiring subsidies, early school leaving prevention programmes, the creation of additional places in boarding schools and the tertiary and vocational education system, increased State guarantees on student loans, and a temporary increase in the resources of the public employment service. Investments in the digitalisation of educational materials and equipment should enable schools to offer distance learning, thereby increasing institutional resilience. Investments in health should further improve social and territorial cohesion. The plan includes investments in the modernisation and the digitalisation of the health system, with measures such as the introduction of electronic health records, which are expected to improve efficiency and accessibility of care, and in the renovation of residential care homes for elderly people, to allow for a higher quality of care. Social cohesion is also supported by renovations in social housing which should contribute to limiting energy poverty as well as the digitalisation of the administration, which is expected to improve public services.

(22)The plan also includes several reforms that address structural challenges faced by France and that should contribute to greater economic, social and institutional resilience. A reform of the public finance governance framework is expected to reinforce budgetary commitments, enhance the quality of public spending, and to contribute to stabilise and ultimately reduce public debt. A reform of the unemployment benefit system should strengthen incentives for employment and provide more legal stability for employers, while expanding coverage over time. The plan also includes reforms that are expected to reduce administrative and regulatory burdens, enhance the attractiveness of research careers, and increase public funding of R&D.

(21)Simulations by the Commission services show that the plan has the potential to increase the GDP of France by between 0,6% and 1,0% by 2024. The recovery and resilience plan includes a significant number of investments that should strengthen France’s growth potential as well as its economic, social and institutional resilience. The investments foreseen in the plan are expected to boost competitiveness and productivity, in particular the investments in R&D, key green technologies such as hydrogen, bio-sourced materials and the decarbonisation of industry, key digital technologies such as quantum computing, cloud computing and cybersecurity, and investments targeting key sectors such as aeronautics. Measures that expand fast broadband network coverage in rural areas and outermost regions, strengthen equity of SMEs, increase the resources of research organisations and higher education institutions, improve public-private cooperation in R&D, and improve digital education and skills, are expected to further bolster France’s growth potential and stimulate job creation.

(20)In accordance with Article 19(3) point (c) and section 2.3 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2021/241, the recovery and resilience plan is expected to have a high impact (Rating A) on strengthening the growth potential, job creation, and economic, social and institutional resilience of the Member State, contributing to the implementation of the European Pillar of Social Rights, including through the promotion of policies for children and youth, and on mitigating the economic and social impact of the COVID-19 crisis, thereby enhancing the economic, social and territorial cohesion and convergence within France, through investments in less developed regions (such as outermost regions) and within the Union.

(19)By addressing the aforementioned challenges, the recovery and resilience plan is expected to also contribute to correcting the imbalances that France is experiencing, notably with respect to high government debt, weak competitiveness and low productivity growth, which have cross-border relevance.

(18)The plan dedicates a component to the fight against unemployment. The approach focusses on youth with measures on apprenticeship, training, skills, and active labour market policies. Associated reforms, such as the reform of unemployment benefits, which includes measures aiming at addressing the challenge of labour market segmentation, are also expected to bring a lasting positive impact.

(17)The public finance reforms are expected to help improve the quality and efficiency of public expenditures and stabilise and eventually reduce French public debt in the medium term. In particular, the reform of the governance of public finances should establish a multi-annual expenditure rule for general government expenditure and reinforce the prerogatives of the national fiscal council. The implementation of this new governance framework, as well as a multi-year trajectory for public finances that allows the debt ratio to be stabilised and then reduced, will be set out in the new public finance programming laws. A second reform introduces a regular evaluation of the quality of public spending and of the measures taken to improve it.

(16)A significant part of the investments in the French recovery and resilience plan is oriented to the green and digital transitions, health and research and development with a view of enhancing the competitiveness of French businesses. The weak productivity growth observed before the crisis should be addressed by the planned investment in human capital with several measures aiming at supporting skills, in particular digital ones, the digitalisation of businesses and investing in innovation.

(15)The plan includes an extensive set of mutually reinforcing reforms and investments that contribute to effectively addressing all or a significant subset of the economic and social challenges outlined in the country-specific recommendations addressed to France by the Council in the European Semester in 2019 and in 2020, notably in the areas of (i) public finance (namely public debt sustainability, expenditure savings and efficiency gains), (ii) support to businesses (access to finance, competitiveness, reduction of administrative burden, as well as fostering the research and development ecosystem), (iii) labour market policies (tackling unemployment, addressing labour market integration and skills mismatches, ensuring education for vulnerable groups), (iv) the resilience of the healthcare system (modernisation and coordination of care, eHealth, prevention), (v) the green transition (reduction of greenhouse gas emissions on the long term, decrease of emissions in the transport sector, and increase of energy efficiency), (vi) the digital transition (improving connectivity and digital skills of the population, and fostering the digitalisation of firms). After successful completion of the plan’s set of reforms and investments, the underlying challenges and bottlenecks are expected to have been addressed to a significant extent.

(14)The recommendations related to the immediate fiscal policy response to the pandemic can be considered as falling outside the scope of France’s recovery and resilience plan, notwithstanding the fact that France has generally responded adequately and sufficiently to the immediate need to support the economy through fiscal means in 2020 and 2021, in line with the provisions of the General Escape Clause. Moreover, the recommendation to make sufficient progress towards the medium-term budgetary objective in 2020 is no longer relevant, due both to the lapsing of the corresponding budgetary period and the activation in March 2020 of the General Escape Clause of the Stability and Growth Pact in the context of the pandemic crisis.

(13)In accordance with Article 19(3) point (b) and section 2.2 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2021/241, the recovery and resilience plan is expected to contribute to effectively addressing all or a significant subset of challenges (Rating A) identified in the relevant country-specific recommendations, including fiscal aspects thereof and recommendations made pursuant to Article 6 of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011, addressed to the Member State concerned or challenges identified in other relevant documents officially adopted by the Commission in the context of the European Semester.

(12)One third of the plan contributes towards health, economic, social and institutional resilience, thereby enhancing the economic, social and territorial cohesion and convergence within France and the Union. Reinforcement of the healthcare system is well addressed in the plan, with investment in infrastructure and digitisation. Important fiscal reforms to be undertaken should improve the effectiveness of the fiscal governance framework and make the assessment of the quality of public spending a regular practice, contributing to the objective to stabilise and reduce the debt ratio. The assessment of the environmental impact of the State Budget (“green budgeting”) should ensure that public spending is oriented towards inclusive and green growth. Policies for the next generation are covered by a number of measures, with a direct impact on the youth, such as supporting education performance, including for the most disadvantaged children, boosting apprenticeships, vocational education and youth employment, improving youth career and income prospects. This is accompanied by the measure on the digitalisation of education.

(11)The plan extensively covers the third pillar of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, with one third of the components directly contributing to it. Economic cohesion, productivity and competitiveness are directly covered by several components of the plan. The plan contains several measures that contribute to boosting innovation in key technologies such as cybersecurity, quantum and cloud to increase the competitiveness of the French economy and to increase the use of digital solutions for education, culture and for the greening of the economy. Reforms should simplify further administrative steps for businesses. Two components address social and territorial cohesion. The plan supports transport infrastructure and health infrastructure around the country, including in rural areas, less developed regions and outermost territories. The plan includes measures for job preservation, with a focus on young people and persons with disabilities, as well as a reform of the national unemployment agency and unemployment insurance.

(10)The plan envisages a large focus on climate transition, with around half of the components contributing to the green transition. Relevant measures include increasing the energy efficiency of buildings, support to cleaner transport and innovation for cleaner sources of energy. The plan addresses digital-related challenges in multiple areas, by improving infrastructure, digitisation of public services and SMEs. In order to improve the resilience of the education and training system, the plan includes several measures facilitating accessibility of digital tools to all the population notably by modernising education and training schemes. The health sector should also benefit from large investment to facilitate the digital transition.

(9)The plan includes measures that contribute toward all of the six pillars, with a significant number of components of the plan addressing multiple pillars. Such an approach contributes to ensuring that each pillar is comprehensively addressed in a coherent manner. Furthermore, given the specific challenges of France, the particular focus on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, along with the overall weighting across pillars, is considered adequately balanced.

(8)In accordance with Article 19(3) point (a) and section 2.1 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2021/241, the recovery and resilience plan represents to a large extent (Rating A) a comprehensive and adequately balanced response to the economic and social situation, thereby contributing appropriately to all six pillars referred to in Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2021/241, taking the specific challenges and the financial allocation of the Member State concerned into account.

(7)The implementation of the Member States’ recovery and resilience plans will constitute a coordinated effort of investment and reforms across the Union. Through the coordinated and simultaneous implementation of these reforms and investments and the implementation of cross-border projects, these reforms and investments will mutually reinforce each other and generate positive spillovers across the whole Union. Therefore, about one third of the impact of the Facility on Member States’ growth and job creation will come from spillovers from others Member States.

(6)The recovery and resilience plans should pursue the general objectives of the Recovery and Resilience Facility established by Regulation (EU) 2021/241 and of the EU Recovery Instrument set up by Council Regulation (EU) 2020/2094 in order to support the recovery in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis. They should promote the Union´s economic, social and territorial cohesion by contributing to the six pillars referred to in Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2021/241.

(5)On 28 April 2021, France formally submitted its national recovery and resilience plan to the Commission, in accordance with Article 18(1) of Regulation (EU) 2021/241. That submission followed a consultation process, conducted in accordance with the national legal framework, of local and regional authorities, social partners, civil society organisations, youth organisations and other relevant stakeholders. The national ownership of the recovery and resilience plans is underpinning their successful implementation and lasting impact at national level and credibility at European level. Pursuant to Article 19 of that Regulation, the Commission has assessed the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency and coherence of recovery and resilience plan, taking into account the assessment guidelines of Annex V to that Regulation.

(4)[The Council recommendation on the economic policy of the euro area recommended to euro area Member States to take action, including through their recovery and resilience plans, to, inter alia, ensure a policy stance which supports the recovery and to further improve convergence, resilience and sustainable and inclusive growth. The Council recommendation also recommended to strengthen national institutional frameworks, to ensure macro-financial stability and to complete the Economic and Monetary Union and strengthen the international role of the euro.] [If the Council recommendation is not adopted by the time of the CID adoption, please remove this recital].

(3)On 2 June 2021, the Commission published an in-depth review under Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council for France. The Commission’s analysis led it to conclude that France is experiencing macroeconomic imbalances, in particular relating to high government debt, weak competitiveness and low productivity growth, which have cross-border relevance.

(2)On 9 July 2019 and on 20 July 2020, the Council addressed recommendations to France in the context of the European Semester. In particular, the Council recommended improving the sustainability of public finances, supporting the economy during the crisis and ensuing recovery, and improving the resilience of its health system. France also received recommendations on labour market integration, to ensure equal opportunities with a particular focus on vulnerable groups, to address skills shortages and mismatches, and to support employment during the crisis. The Council also recommended to France to ensure the effective implementation of measures supporting the liquidity of firms, in particular for small and medium-sized enterprises, to front-load mature public investment projects and promote private investment to foster the economic recovery. It was also recommended to France to invest in key sectors such as the green and digital transitions. In particular, for the green transition, France was recommended to invest in sustainable transports, renewable energies, energy interconnections and infrastructures, and clean and efficient production and use of energy. The Council also recommended to France to invest in research and innovation while improving the efficiency of public support schemes. Finally, it was recommended to France to improve its business environment by simplifying the tax system, reducing administrative burdens, fostering firms’ growth and removing barriers to competition in services. Having assessed progress in the implementation of these country-specific recommendations at the time of submission of the recovery and resilience plan, the Commission finds that the recommendation on fostering the growth of firms (country-specific recommendation 2019.4.3) has been fully implemented. Substantial progress has been achieved with respect to the recommendations on simplifying the tax system, in particular reducing taxes on production (country-specific recommendation 2019.4.1 and country-specific recommendation 2020.4.3), on taking all necessary measures to effectively address the pandemic, sustain the economy and support the ensuing recovery (country-specific recommendation 2020.1.1), on mitigating the employment and social impact of the crisis (country-specific recommendation 2020.2.1), and on ensuring the effective implementation of measures supporting the liquidity of firms, in particular for small and medium-sized enterprises (country-specific recommendation 2020.3.1).

(1)The COVID-19 outbreak has had a disruptive impact on the economy of France. In 2019, the gross domestic product per capita (GDP per capita) of France was 115% of the EU average. According to the Commission’s Spring 2021 forecast, the real GDP of France declined by 8,1% in 2020 and is expected to decline by 2,9% cumulatively in 2020 and 2021. Longer-standing aspects with an impact on medium-term economic performance include in particular the high public debt ratio, weak competitiveness in a context of low productivity growth, high regulatory restrictions in services and high administrative burdens, and the low level and efficiency of investment in R&D.

Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,

Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2021/241 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 February 2021 establishing the Recovery and Resilience Facility and in particular Article 20 thereof,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

on the approval of the assessment of the recovery and resilience plan for France

on the approval of the assessment of the recovery and resilience plan for France

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 23.6.2021 COM(2021) 351 final ANNEX

to the Proposal for a Council Implementing Decision on the approval of the assessment of the recovery and resilience plan for France {SWD(2021) 173 final}



ANNEX SECTION 1: REFORMS AND INVESTMENTS UNDER THE RECOVERY AND RESILIENCE PLAN 1.Description of Reforms and Investments A. COMPONENT 1: Buildings renovation According to its National Energy and Climate Plan and in order to reach the 20% reduction of energy consumption by 2030 (in comparison with 2012, which is the national objective set for 2030), France needs to invest annually an additional EUR 15 to 25 billion until 2030 into the renovation of buildings, by increasing both the rate and depth of renovation. This component of the French recovery and resilience plan concerns investments and reforms aiming at improving energy efficiency of all types of buildings: public buildings and private ones, including private and social housing as well as buildings belonging to companies. The reforms supporting investments consist (i) in complementing the reform of the housing policy initiated by the “ELAN” Law adopted in 2018 in order to increase the efficiency of public expenditure through the revision of three existing schemes (APL, Pinel and PTZ ) and (ii) adopting a revised thermal regulation of new buildings (RE2020). Investments under this component are key to achieving the energy efficiency objective, as buildings stock represents circa 25% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in France and 45% of final energy consumption. These investments and reforms shall contribute to the country-specific recommendations addressed to France in the past two years, on the need to “focus investment-related policy on […] energy efficiency” (CSR 3, 2019) and to “focus investment on the green […] transition, in particular on […] clean and efficient production and use of energy” (CSR 3, 2020). It is expected that no measure in this component does significant harm to environmental objectives within the meaning of Article 17 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852, taking into account the description of the measures and the mitigating steps set out in the recovery and resilience plan in accordance with the DNSH Technical Guidance (2021/C58/01). A.1. Description of the reforms and investments for non-repayable financial support Reform 1 (C1.R1): Housing policy The measure includes two distinct objectives that shall be implemented in two steps. The revision of the calculation modalities for the APL (“aides personnelles au logement”): the amount of aid shall be calculated, from 1 January 2021 onwards, on the basis of the current income of the beneficiary household, instead of the income of the penultimate year. Such revision shall allow the system to adapt more quickly to the income variations of beneficiaries, with a view to improve social fairness. In addition, the amount of aid shall be recalculated every quarter, allowing for a gradual taking into account of recent changes in income. The Pinel scheme is an income tax credit scheme for owners investing in new or rehabilitated dwellings in view of renting them. The decision should be taken in 2023 to end the Pinel scheme by the end of 2024 – the Pinel scheme would be later replaced by new provisions to foster mid-range accommodations financed by institutional investors in order to improve its impact on housing supply where the needs are the greatest, for instance by reducing incentives for new constructions in areas where the housing market is not under strain. This shall be complemented by changes in the way so-called zero-rate loans (“PTZ”) are provided, in particular the eligibility of applicants shall be assessed on the basis of the current incomes in order to limit windfall effects that currently exist.

Reform 2 (C1.R2): Revised thermal regulation RE2020 On 1st January 2022, the revised thermal regulation of new buildings shall replace the existing thermal regulation of buildings that entered into force in 2012. The main objectives of the revision of thermal rules for new buildings are: ·The improvement of energy sobriety and the decarbonisation of the energy consumed: introduction of stricter thresholds for (i) the bioclimatic need of housing (lowering the maximum threshold by 30% in comparison to current regulation RT 2012), (ii) non-renewable primary energy consumption, and (iii) GHG from energy consumption (4kgCO2/m²/year for a single-family house, and 14 kgCO2/m²/year for collective housing until 2024 and 6,5 kg after 2024). ·The reduction of the carbon impact of new building: the carbon impact shall take into account the entire life cycle of the building, from its construction phase to its demolition, which represent between 60 to 90% of the buildings’ carbon impact over 50 years. Such considerations shall lead to enhancing the use of more carbon neutral construction materials, such as wood and bio-based building materials (i.e. those that store carbon and emit very little during their production). ·The adaptation of new buildings to climate change: the new regulation RE2020 shall (i) take into account the cooling of constructions in the calculation of the energy needs of a building, (ii) provide a summer comfort indicator calculated during the design of the building, and (iii) set a maximum high threshold of 1250 DH (degree-hour) and a minimum low threshold of 350 DH from which penalties shall apply in the calculation of energy performance. Investment 1 (C1.I1): Energy renovation of private housing, including energy sieves The French recovery and resilience plan will finance a grant scheme, called ‘MaPrimeRenov’ (MPR), which will be allocated to owners in order to contribute to financing insulation, heating, ventilation or energy audit works for single-family house or apartments in collective housing. All the MPR financed by the plan will be notified to owners for eligible renovation projects before the end of 2022. In order to guarantee quality standards of the works supported, the renovation works are carried out by companies with the RGE label (“recognized as guarantors of the environment”). The amount of the premium varies depending on the eligible materials, equipment and works performed, up to a ceiling of EUR 20 000 for a period of maximum 5 years. Since October 2020, MPR is open to all owners, regardless of their income. However, the aid intensity varies according to household income (for modest households, the aid may go up to 90% of the amount of estimated works). In addition, MPR may benefit owners who rent their apartment/house to a tenant. The grant may also support works carried out in the common areas of a condominium with “MPR copropriétés”: this is a one-off aid paid to the syndicate of co-owners to finance the overall renovation works with a minimum energy gain of 35%. All condominiums consisting of at least 75% of houses (i.e. not undertakings) are eligible to this MPR, with a ceiling of EUR 3 750 per dwelling. A bonus may be allocated for condominiums with F or G labels (up to EUR 500 per dwelling), as well as for condominiums qualified as “fragile” or located in urban areas under renewal (up to EUR 3 000 per dwelling). The level of aid varies according to the energy savings obtained by the renovation works. In order to support the most energy-intensive homes to meet the ambitions set by the Energy and Climate Law adopted in 2019, an additional bonus to MPR shall benefit owners who undertake renovation works to bring their home out of the status of energy sieves (labels F and G). Another bonus will be distributed to owners who carry out renovations that allow the home to reach the most efficient labels (A or B). These bonuses shall reach EUR 1 500 for the poorest households, EUR 1 000 for middle-income households, and EUR 500 for the wealthiest ones. In addition, in order to incentivise more efficient energy renovation (i.e. beyond renovation “gestures”), the measure provides the creation of a global renovation aid subject to the achievement of at least 55% of energy savings: the envelope shall vary between EUR 3 500 and EUR 7 000 for middle to high income households. Overall, the energy renovation works carried out in private housing has an objective to achieve at least 30% of energy savings on average. Investment 2 (C1.I2): Energy renovation and major rehabilitation of social housing This measure consists in supporting social housing organisations (“offices HLM - Habitation à Loyer Modéré” are offices in charge of low-income housing) and local authorities operating social housing in order to support deep renovation of buildings. The ambition is to reach highest standards such as BBC renovation label, and gradually eliminate energy sieves. The grant shall be allocated provided that existing schemes (such as écoPLS and CEE ), which may be combined with this new aid, are not sufficient to finance the operations of renovation. The measure shall also deploy industrial solutions for energy renovation in social housing buildings in order to achieve zero or positive net energy balance. First operations are expected to start in Q2 2021, and the financial envelope shall be allocated by State services at regional and local levels, on the basis of a survey identifying the needs. The selection of projects shall be done either through a call for projects launched in 2020 or through subsidies managed by decentralized State services or local authorities. Operations are intended to be committed in 2021 and 2022, and to be completed by the end of 2024. Investment 3 (C1.I3): Thermal renovation of public buildings

The renovation works of public buildings have to comply with the decree adopted in application of article 175 of the ELAN Law , which imposes a reduction in energy consumption by 40% by 2030 (compared to 2010) to tertiary buildings. For public buildings belonging to the State, two types of calls for projects were organised: ·One concerning higher education and research buildings and universities, which has been launched and is supervised by the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and innovation; ·Another for all other buildings belonging to the State or its operators, which has been launched and is supervised mainly by the DIE (Direction de l’Immobilier de l’Etat). The first two calls for projects were launched in autumn 2020, and more than 4 000 projects have been selected in December 2020. For buildings belonging to local and regional authorities, specific mechanisms are in place: ·For buildings owned or operated by regional authorities (mainly high schools), “credit delegations” shall be allocated by the State, and the regions shall be in charge of project selection; ·For buildings belonging to infra-regional authorities (mainly schools and primary colleges), investment grants shall be allocated by the State. The projects are selected based on two main criteria: the maturity (and rapid implementation) and on the energy performance and impact on energy consumption, with the objective to achieve at least 30% of energy savings on average. For all public buildings, the objective is to have all contracts notified by the end of 2021, and completed by the end of 2024 Investment 4 (C1.I4): Energy renovation of very small enterprises (VSEs) and small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) This investment is part of a plan launched by the government in June 2020 to accompany very small and medium-sized enterprises in the ecological transition. To support thermal renovation of their buildings, two support mechanisms are in place under this investment: The main support scheme is a tax credit amounting to 30% of the expenses of eligible actions (such as insulation of roofs, attics, walls; collective solar water heater and heat pumps ), and capped at EUR 25 000 per undertaking. This scheme is open for expenses incurred from 1 October 2020 until 31 December 2021. The tax credit is charged against income tax or corporate tax due by the taxpayer for the calendar year in which the eligible expenditure was incurred (i.e. 2020 or 2021). The second support scheme shall finance accompanying measures to support artisans, small traders and self-employed people in their renovation works. The envelope shall be spent through Chambers of trades and crafts (CMA) and Chambers of Commerce and Industry (CCI), in four steps: ·Awareness: this step aims to make business leaders aware of the challenges of the energy renovation of buildings in the context of ecological transition; this action shall include a national communication campaign and local actions, in conjunction with local authorities and professional organizations. ·Diagnosis: an energy audit shall be carried out by an advisor from the CMA or the CCI, in order elaborate an action plan to start renovation works, on the basis of the ecological maturity of each company. ·Implementation: an expert shall help implementing the action plan through technical and financial assistance (such as setting up the grand applications). ·Promotion: actions undertaken by companies in the field of renovation of buildings shall be promoted to different audiences, such as consumers, companies and local authorities. A.2. Milestones, targets, indicators, and timetable for monitoring and implementation for non-repayable financial support Sequential Number Measure Milestone / Target Name Qualitative indicators (for milestones) Quantitative indicators (for targets) Indicative timeline for completion Description of each milestone and target Unit of measure Baseline Goal Quarter Year 1-1 C1.R1 Housing policy Milestone Reform of the APL (« aides personnelles au logement ») Entry into force Q1 2021 Entry into force of the legislative changes to review the calculation modalities of APL to reflect current income of the households. 1-2 C1.R1 Housing policy Milestone Reform of the Pinel / PTZ schemes Entry into force Q1 2023 Entry into force of the legislative changes to the Pinel tax credit to improve its efficiency in view of increasing housing offer in areas where the market in under strain, and adoption and entry into force of the legislative changes to the PTZ scheme. 1- 3 C1.R2 Revised thermal regulation RE2020 Milestone Revision of the thermal regulation RE2020 Entry into force Q1 2022 Entry into force of legislative changes included in the new RE2020 in order to reduce GHG emissions of new constructions, improve the energy performance of new buildings and adapt new buildings to climate change. 1- 4 C1.I1 Energy renovation of private buildings Target Number of MPR validated Number 0 400000 Q4 2021 Number of households which have been granted a MPR. 1- 5 C1.I1 Energy renovation of private buildings Target Number of MPR validated Number 400000 700000 Q4 2022 Number of households which have been granted a MPR. 1- 6 C1.I2 Energy renovation of social housing Target Number of dwellings within the category of social housing receiving a grant for renovation Number 0 20 000 Q4 2021 Number of dwellings within the category of social housing receiving a grant for renovation, with an objective of achieving at least 30% of energy savings on average. 1- 7 C1.I2 Energy renovation of social housing Target Number of dwellings within the category of social housing receiving a grant for renovation Number 20000 40000 Q4 2022 Number of dwellings within the category of social housing receiving a grant for renovation, with an objective of achieving at least 30% of energy savings on average. 1- 8 C1.I3 Energy renovation of public buildings Target Number of renovation projects of public sites belonging to the State, for which the renovation works contract has been notified Number of projects 0 2900 Q4 2021 Number of renovation projects of public sites belonging to the State, for which at least one renovation works contract has been notified, with an objective of achieving at least 30% of energy savings on average. 1- 9 C1.I3 Energy renovation of public buildings Target Number of public buildings belonging to local and regional authorities (LRAs) which have been the subject of a subsidy notification from the State or the Regional Council for energy renovation works Number of buildings subsidised 0 1954 Q2 2022 Number of public buildings belonging to local and regional authorities (LRAs, including municipalities and grouping of municipalities) that have been the subject of a subsidy notification from the State or the Regional Council for energy renovation works, with an objective of achieving at least 30% of energy savings on average. 1- 10 C1.I3 Energy renovation of public buildings Target Number of m² of floors of public sites belonging to the State where the energy renovation works have been completed Number of square metres (in million) 0 20 Q4 2023 Number of m² of floors of public sites belonging to the State where energy renovation has been completed, with an objective of achieving at least 30% of energy savings on average. 1- 11 C1.I3 Energy renovation of public buildings Target Number of m² of floors of public sites belonging to the State where the energy renovation works have been completed Number of square metres (in million) 20 28,75 Q4 2024 Number of m² of floors of public sites belonging to the State where energy renovation has been completed, with an objective of achieving at least 30% of energy savings on average. 1- 12 C1.I3 Thermal renovation of public buildings Target Number of schools, colleges or high schools where the energy renovation works have been completed Number 0 681 Q4 2024 Number of schools, colleges or high schools where the energy renovation works have been completed, with an objective of achieving at least 30% of energy savings on average. 1- 13 C1.I4 Energy renovation of VSEs and SMEs Target Number of companies benefitting from the tax credit and the support schemes Number 0 5000 Q4 2023 Number of companies benefiting from the tax credit for the energy renovation of VSEs and SMEs buildings of tertiary use and/or support from chambers of trade and crafts (CMA) and chambers of commerce and industry (CCI).

B. COMPONENT 2: Ecology and biodiversity France faces substantial investment needs to meet the Sustainable Development Goals in the years to come, in particular on biodiversity, water quality and circular economy. The legal framework is generally in place to transition to a greener and more resilient economy, but France needs to implement it, in particular by supporting investments enhancing biodiversity, reducing pollution and artificialisation of soils, improving recycling and reuse of materials and resources. In this context, the planned investments under this component 2 of the French recovery and resilience plan are aimed at reducing the ecological impact of current production and consumption modes, by preserving biodiversity, decarbonizing industrial production processes, developing the circular economy and accelerating the agricultural transition. Such investments are supported by the reform “Climate and Resilience” Law based on the Climate Convention whose objective is to contribute to the GHG emissions reduction target for 2030. In addition, the decrees implementing the circular economy Law enacted in 2020 shall enter into force in 2022. This component is mainly related to the recommendation (CSR 3, 2020) on focusing investments on the green transition, and to a lesser extent to the recommendation (CSR 3, 2019) on energy efficiency. This component contributes to environmental preservation and climate adaptation, therefore strengthening ecological, social and economic resilience. It is expected that no measure in this component does significant harm to environmental objectives within the meaning of Article 17 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852, taking into account the description of the measures and the mitigating steps set out in the recovery and resilience plan in accordance with the DNSH Technical Guidance (2021/C58/01). B.1. Description of the reforms and investments for non-repayable financial support Reform 1 (C2.R1): Climate & Resilience Law The “Climate and Resilience” Law shall be promulgated by the beginning of 2022. Some measures that have direct applicability shall enter into force immediately after promulgation, while other measures are expected to come into force in a deferred manner, within a period determined by the legislator. Based on proposals made by the Citizens’ Climate Convention, the Law shall provide for climate and environmental measures that shall contribute to the GHG emissions reduction target for 2030. The Law is expected to contribute to securing the achievement of between half and two-third of the way to be covered between emissions in 2019 and the target for 2030, thanks to a reduction estimated between 56 and 74 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in total. The Law shall cover the following six elements, covering the entire scope of the economy: ·“Consuming”: the Law shall include measures to change consumption patterns through information and the deployment of less carbon-intensive products and services, and to provide incentives to reduce overconsumption through advertising. ·“Producing and working”: the Law shall include measures to support the transition of industrial and energy production models towards low-carbon solutions, strengthen the protection of ecosystems via better supervision of industrial activities, and anticipate changes in the ways of working. ·“Moving”: the Law shall include measures to reduce emissions from all means of transport, through incentives and financial support to the sectors concerned, as well as by defining a stable regulatory framework. ·“Living”: the Law shall include measures to change the way of conceiving urban planning and change urban life styles. It shall contain measures to speed up the renovation of thermal sieves, as well as measures to halve the rate of artificialisation of soils. ·“Feeding”: the Law shall include measures to support the greening of agriculture and the development of new eating habits and agricultural practices, in order to reduce its impact on GHG emissions. ·“Strengthening the judicial protection of the environment”: the Law shall include measures to prevent and punish more firmly and more effectively damage caused to the environment. In 2025, an implementing decree shall enter into force in order to create low emission zones in agglomerations with more than 150 000 inhabitants by prohibiting access to vehicles with Crit’Air stickers 3, 4 and 5 , thus improving air quality in cities and contributing to the GHG emissions reduction. Reform 2 (C2.R2): Law on circular economy

The Law adopted on February 10, 2020 to tackle waste and promote the circular economy aims to operate a change of model defining a new economic framework that facilitates valuation rather than waste disposal, and to create the conditions for a collection of close to 100% of recyclable waste. The reform concerns the adoption of implementing acts (“decrees”) deriving from the 2020 Law, which shall enter into force in 2022: ·Decree establishing Extended Producer Responsibility scheme for construction and public works materials waste; ·Decree establishing the minimum rates of incorporation of recycled raw materials into specific products before authorization to be placed on the market, in order to increase recycling and achieve the objectives set by the Law (art. 61); ·Decree on the proportion of reused packaging to be placed on the market every year in order to increase the share of reused packaging on the market compared to single-used packaging, and therefore limit waste (art. 67 of the Law). Investment 1 (C2.I1): Decarbonisation of industry The objective of this investment is to contribute to the decarbonisation of the industrial sector, responsible for around 21% of GHG emissions in France. The Recovery and Resilience Facility shall be used to reduce energy consumption of industrial companies (including energy-intensive industries) and/or to invest aiming at reducing GHG emissions. The funds shall be allocated in two ways: ·Grants shall be provided after calls for projects conducted by ADEME (Agency for ecological transition), for larger projects representing an investment above EUR 3 000 000. These projects shall cover either energy efficiency investments or investments to improve industrial processes in order to reduce GHG emissions. There is no pre-determined envelope between these two types of projects, as the selection shall be made according to various criteria including performance in terms of GHG emissions compared to the requested support. ·These calls for projects are supplemented by one-stop support distributed by the public agency ASP (“Agence de Services et de Paiement”) for smaller and more standardized energy efficiency improvement projects (with an investment amount of less than EUR 3 000 000), based on a list of eligible equipment defined by decree. The terms of reference for upcoming calls for projects shall require that investments made within EU Emission Trading System (ETS) installations shall enable to decrease CO2 emissions below the benchmark included in the ETS Directive , in a way that ensures that the measure complies with the ‘do no significant harm’ principle of Regulation (EU) 2021/241. Investment 2 (C2.I2): Urban densification: sustainable construction This measure aims to help municipalities increase housing density, in areas affected by the housing shortage. The support to dense housing operations shall help limiting urban sprawl and preserving biodiversity and agricultural land. Furthermore, the new thermal regulation RE2020 (cf. reform 2 of this component), whose objective is to reduce the carbon impact of new buildings and to increase their energy performance, shall apply to these operations. A flat-rate aid shall be allocated to municipal authorities, provided that several conditions are met: (i) compliance with the obligations imposed by the “Solidarity and Urban Renewal Act” of 2000, by which social housing must represent 20% of the residential stock; (ii) the construction programme must include at least two dwellings exceeding certain density thresholds and subject to previous urban authorization. The density thresholds, expressed in square meters of floor areas constructed per square meters of land area, result from cross-analysis combining population criteria (size and density in the municipality or grouping of municipalities) and the typology of the housing stock (such as built density, vacancy, proportion of social housing and second homes and average household size). Investment 3 (C2.I3): Urban densification: brownfields This measure aims to rehabilitate and recycle brownfield and wasteland sites which represent a significant source of lands, in order to contribute to the trajectory of the “zero net artificialisation” by 2050 set by the French government, with the objectives of controlling urban sprawl and supporting urban revitalization and consequently, limiting the consumption of natural areas.

Beneficiaries of the “brownfield fund” must be the owners of the site: they may be municipalities, local public institutions designated by the local authorities, public operators of the State, public local companies such as SEM (“sociétés d’économie mixte”), social landlords, or private companies with the agreement of the competent authority on urban planning. The projects are selected by the State through regional calls for tenders, with the help of technical services (both at national and regional levels). Once selected a grant agreement shall be signed between the State and the beneficiary. Two categories of projects may be supported by the brownfield fund: ·Recycling of brownfields: industrial (without depollution operations), commercial, administrative brownfields, old degraded islets, in the framework of urban renewal or re-location of productive activities; ·Recycling of urbanized land: requalification of old blocks for housing and commerce, revitalization or transformation of economic zones at the entrance to towns, rehabilitation or diversification of residential areas, renovation of shops. In addition, an envelope shall be devoted to the development of land knowledge tools in order to support local authorities in the inventory of wastelands and in the operational implementation of recycling operations. Investment 4 (C2.I4): Biodiversity This measure aims to support local authorities, associations and other natural areas managing authorities to invest in biodiversity protection and restoration projects, where the ecosystems are in danger. Two types of measures shall be funded under the French Recovery and Resilience Plan: ·Ecological restoration shall be supported by four types of investments: oThe six Water Agencies shall implement projects aiming at preserving water resources, restoring biodiversity and ecological continuity of aquatic environments, maintaining ecosystems; the funds shall be allocated either through calls for projects or in a one-stop-shop logic, within a framework validated by the Agency’s Board of Directors and in application of the agreement signed with the Ministry of Ecological Transition. oEcological continuity for fishes (fish ladders) at the Rhinau and Marckolsheim dams on the Rhine River. This investment is an engineering and infrastructure project that shall be implemented in partnership with EDF (“Electricité de France”, the French electricity incumbent), local authorities, national experts, the Rhine-Meuse water agency and the French Office for Biodiversity. It is a cooperation project with countries bordering the Rhine. oThe French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) shall manage several types of projects: biodiversity atlas at municipal levels, actions in favour of the preservation and restoration of biodiversity implemented by “project leaders” selected after calls for tenders. oThe State shall pilot actions for ecological restoration in metropolitan France and in the DOM (“Départements d’Outre Mer”). Projects shall be selected either through calls for projects or in a one-stop-shop logic within the framework established by the Ministry of Ecological Transition. ·Support to protected areas: oThe State shall pilot actions for protected areas in metropolitan France and in the DOM. Projects shall be selected either through calls for projects or in a one-stop-shop logic within the framework established by the Ministry of Ecological Transition. oThe French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) shall support protected areas within natural marine parks. oThe 11 national parks in France shall invest in the preservation of natural, cultural and landscape heritage, the development of knowledge on biodiversity and the education on the environment and sustainable development. In 2021 and 2022, projects in the fields of ecological restoration and protected areas shall be identified either through calls for tenders organised by the operators (such as water agencies, OFC, etc.), and first commitments shall start before 31 December 2021. At least 700 projects under this component shall be completed by 31 December 2023.

Investment 5 (C2.I5): Prevention of seismic risks in the DOM (Antilles) This measure aims to carry out earthquake-resistant reinforcement works of priority public buildings in the “Antilles” (e.g. Martinique and Guadeloupe), taking into account resilience to cyclones as well. Three types of public buildings are targeted: ·Crisis management buildings, prefectures and sub-prefectures; ·Priority hospitals; ·Schools, high schools and colleges. The selection of buildings is made by the State after submission of application files by 31 December 2020. The legal commitment shall be finalised by 31 December 2021, and works shall be started by 31 December 2023, for at least 15 buildings. Investment 6 (C2.I6): Secure water networks The objective of this measure is to achieve the renovation and rehabilitation of 450 kilometres of networks in France, including the DOM, by 31 December 2022. This measure shall finance the following three sub-measures (the first two ones shall take place in metropolitan France, and the last one shall concern only the DOM): ·Water agencies shall support investment in the modernization of clean water and sanitation distribution networks. They shall also invest in the upgrading of wastewater treatment plants and the disconnection of rainwater discharges from the networks. ·Investments in the sanitization of more than 35,000 tonnes of sewage sludge, in order to enable spreading. ·Priority investments to upgrade water and sanitation networks, within the framework of the DOM Action Water Plan. For the first two sub-measures, projects shall be selected by the six Water Agencies, either through dedicated calls for projects or in a one-stop-shop logic, within the framework validated by the Agency’s Board. The agencies shall also be responsible for the operational implementation of the projects. Local authorities facing the impossibility of spreading the sludge from sewage treatment plants must apply to the Agency on which they depend to benefit from the assistance and financial support. In the DOM, the allocation shall be distributed between the State Directorates of the Environment, Planning and Housing (in particularly for preliminary studies and technical assistance in Guadeloupe and Martinique) and the French Biodiversity Office (OFB), which is in charge of funding the DOM Water Action Plan. Projects shall be selected according to this Plan. Investment 7 (C2.I7): Modernisation of sorting centres Sorting and recycling waste is a key objective of the Law on energy transition and green growth (LTECV) adopted in 2015, which aims at reducing the amount of landfill waste by 50% by 2025. This measure tackles the challenges of sorting and recycling all types of waste, in particular household waste as well as hospital waste. Aid for investments shall be allocated for: •The support of waste recycling, through an investment aid to local authorities or any institution open to the public, in order to modernize sorting centers (public and private ones) and deploy selective sorting installations in public areas;

•The acquisition of equipment to speed-up the sorting at source, collection and valorization of bio-waste and household waste (e.g. into renewable biogas or quality fertilizer) while making sure that this shall not foster mechanical biological treatment plants; •The improvement of the treatment of infectious risk waste in hospitals thanks to “trivialisers”. This measure shall be implemented through calls for projects or a financing window set up by ADEME (Agency for ecological transition). The objective is to achieve the modernization of 32 sorting centres by 2026. The other investments for bio-waste/household waste, and hospital waste treatment, are not yet quantified. Investments shall be committed in 2021 and 2022, and shall be completed by the end of 2024. Investment 8 (C2.I8): Recycling and reuse This measure has the following three objectives: (i) support the reduction in the use of plastic (especially single-use), (ii) promote the incorporation of recycled plastic and (iii) accelerate the development of repair and reuse (of plastics), in line with the anti-waste Law for a circular economy adopted in 2020. Two types of interventions shall be supported: ·Support to reuse or repair plastic or non-plastic products and activities to reduce plastic packaging: oDevelopment and modernisation of recycling facilities (“recycleries”); oSupporting businesses in order to replace plastic packaging (including packaging sector itself); oIndustrialization of reusable and recyclable packaging solutions; oAcquisition of alternative solutions to the use of plastic (particularly single-use) or adaption to their use (washing equipment, adaptation of production tools), for instance in the collective catering; oExperimentation of pilot projects in alternative solutions to the single use plastics. ·Support for plastic recycling: oStudies and feasibility tests for the preparation, recycling or incorporation of recycled plastic, in particular for undertakings that do not already integrate them; oInvestments in the adaptation of businesses equipment to prepare, recycle or integrate more recycled plastics in their process; oAid for the supply of recycled plastic material through direct financing to plastic processor companies in order to support demand. Aid shall be managed by the Agency for ecological transition (ADEME) through the “circular economy fund” and the “decarbonisation of industry fund” for measures related to the support to recycled plastic incorporation in businesses processes, and projects supported shall be selected by calls for projects or by the corresponding financing window of ADEME. The measure shall enable to avoid the production of 275 000 tons of plastic cumulatively. These investments shall be committed by the 31 December 2022 and shall be completed by 31 December 2024.

Investment 9 (C2.I9): Plant protein plan This measure is part of an overall plan on plant proteins, which aims to reduce the dependency of agriculture on inputs such as animal feed and nitrogen fertilisers. It provides investment support to agricultural holdings and downstream structures, notably for reinforcing and fostering new agricultural supply chains dedicated to plant proteins. The measure shall provide investment support for: ·Equipment in protein-rich crop farms; ·The restructuring of the plant protein supply chain, including investments in plant protein collection and processing companies (such as silos, storage units, seed pressing units, lucerne dryers and optical triers). In January 2021, FranceAgriMer, a public body with responsibilities for the agriculture and fisheries sectors, has launched the first calls for projects. By 31 December 2022, the last financial commitments shall be made for at least 1 200 projects. Investment 10 (C2.I10): Forests The French forest-wood sector makes it possible to offset around 20% of French CO2 emissions by carbon storage in forests, in wood products and by replacing fossil fuels and more energy-intensive materials. Climate change, however, affects the forest stands in France that have become degraded or vulnerable for pests, droughts and fires. In order to preserve the multiple environmental services provided by forests, ensure their diversity and sustainability and guarantee supplies to the French forest-based industry, this measure aims to mobilise funding for public and private forest owners to take on a dynamic sustainable forest management. Three types of intervention are covered: ·Improvement of forests stands of low economic and environmental quality; ·Restoration of the forests seriously affected or destroyed by bark beetles in Eastern France (mainly in the Grand-Est and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté regions); ·Adaptation of forest stands that are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The measure aims to cover at least 30 000 ha by end Q1 2023. Since 19 February 2021, aid applications may be lodged. Payments shall be made until 31 December 2024. B.2. Milestones, targets, indicators, and timetable for monitoring and implementation for non-repayable financial support



Sequential Number Measure Milestone / Target Name Qualitative indicator for milestones Quantitative indicator for target Time Description of each milestone and target Unit Baseline Goal Quarter Year 2-1 C2.R1 Law Climate & Resilience Milestone Law Climate & Resilience Promulgation of the Law and entry into force of provisions with direct applicability Q2 2022 Promulgation of the Law and entry into force of those provisions in the law that have direct applicability in order to transpose into law a number of the recommendations of the Citizens’ Climate Convention on the following six topics: consuming, producing & working, moving, living, feeding and strengthening the judicial protection of the environment. 2-2 C2.R1 Law Climate & Resilience Milestone Law Climate & Resilience – Implementing Act Entry into force Q4 2025 Entry into force of a decree creating low GHG emissions zones in cities above 150 000 inhabitants. 2-3 C2.R2 Law on circular economy Milestone Decrees implementing the anti-waste and circular economy Law Entry into force Q1 2022 Entry into force of the following decrees and decisions: Decision on the establishment of the building waste and building materials industry on 1 January 2022 Decree for the minimum rates of incorporation of recycled raw materials (Article 61 of the AGEC Law) Decree on the proportion of reused packaging to be placed on the market (Article 67 of the AGEC Law) 2-4 C2.I1 Decarbonisation of industry Target Greenhouse gas emissions avoided MtCO2eq (million tonnes of CO2 equivalent) 0 3,5 Q2 2021 Avoided GHG emissions throughout the life of the project, as calculated in comparison of the “before investment” situation, and defined by the operator in the reply to the call for tenders, with the objective that investments made within ETS installations shall enable to decrease CO2 emissions below the benchmark included in the ETS Directive. 2-5 C2.I1 Decarbonisation of industry Target Greenhouse gas emissions avoided MtCO2eq (million tonnes of CO2 equivalent) 3,5 5 Q4 2022 Avoided GHG emissions throughout the life of the project, as calculated in comparison of the “before investment” situation, and defined by the operator in the reply to the call for tenders, with the objective that investments made within ETS installations shall enable to decrease CO2 emissions below the benchmark included in the ETS Directive. 2-6 C2.I2 Urban densification: sustainable construction Target Number of municipalities benefiting from the aid Number 0 1200 Q4 2021 Number of municipalities benefiting from the aid on sustainable construction in urban strained areas. 2-7 C2.I3 Urban densification: brownfields Target Number of projects for which a grant has been signed for recycling operation of wasteland or of urbanized area Number 0 90 Q1 2022 Number of projects for which the grant agreement has been signed, either for a recycling operation of a wasteland, or for a recycling operation of urbanized land. 2-8 C2.I3 Urban densification: brownfield Target Number of projects for which a grant has been signed for recycling operation of wasteland or of urbanized area Number 90 200 Q1 2023 Number of projects for which the grant agreement has been signed, either for a recycling operation of a wasteland, or for a recycling operation of urbanized land. 2-9 C2.I4 Biodiversity Target Number of projects supported in the fields of ecological restoration and protected areas Number 0 700 Q4 2022 Number of projects related to ecological restoration, and preservation of biodiversity in protected areas. 2-10 C2.I5 Prevention of seismic risks in the DOM Target Number of buildings concerned – seismic risks in the DOM Number 0 15 Q4 2023 Number of public buildings (such as crisis management buildings, or prefectures and sub-prefectures, or priority hospitals, or schools, high schools and colleges) in the DOM in which anti-seismic works have been started. 2-11 C2.I6 Secure water networks Target Number of linear km of drinking water networks and sanitation networks supported Km 0 450 Q4 2022 Number of kilometres of drinking water networks or sanitation networks for which renovation works have been started. 2-12 C2.I7 Modernization of sorting centers Target Number of contracts signed for the modernization of sorting centers Number 0 32 Q4 2022 Number of contracts signed for the modernization of sorting centres. 2-13 C2.I7 Modernization of sorting centers Milestone Investment in waste sorting and collection, and in medical waste treatment Communication of the list of beneficiaries Q4 2022 Finalisation of the call for proposals and support schemes and selection of recipients for the following schemes: ·to support investments in away-from-home (AFH) waste sorting and collecting waste; ·to support biowaste sorting, collecting and recovering; ·to support investments for equipments for disinfecting infectious medical waste. 2-14 C2.I7 Modernization of sorting centres Target Number of sorting centres modernized Number 0 32 Q4 2025 Number of existing public and private sorting centres that have completed their modernization works. 2-15 C2.I8 Recycling and reuse Target Quantity of plastic materials avoided Tonnes 0 275000 Q4 2025 Cumulative effective quantity of plastic materials avoided, through recycling or integration into industrial processes. 2-16 C2.I9 Plant protein plan Target Number of projects that shall receive fund from the “protein plan” in order to invest in protein plant production Number 0 1200 Q1 2022 Number of projects that shall receive funds from the “protein plan” in order to invest in protein plant production, after the selection by the calls for tenders. 2-17 C2.I10 Forests Target Surface area of forests for which a grant has been committed in order to improve, adapt, regenerate or reconstitute the forest Hectare 0 30000 Q1 2023 Surface area of forests for which a grant has been committed in order to improve, adapt, regenerate or reconstitute the forest.

C. COMPONENT 3: Infrastructure and green mobility The transport sector is one of the main CO2 emitters in France, accounting for 38% of total emissions in 2017. Road transport is responsible for 96% of these emissions, more than half of which come from private vehicles. Transport infrastructures play a key role in the effective implementation of the green transition. It is through their maintenance and development that ecological alternatives to carbon-emitting practices may be made available to users. Measures under this component of the French recovery and resilience plan focus on the development of public transports (metro, tram, bus) and a renovation and improvement of the national railway network for passengers and freight. The component also includes measures to renew the administration’s fleet of cars with electric or hybrid vehicles, to improve sustainability of harbours and facilitate the green transition in rural areas. The component also cover two reforms related to mobility and green budgeting to increase the transparency on the environmental impact of the national budget. These investments and reforms contribute to addressing the country-specific recommendations addressed to France in the past two years, on the need to “focus investment-related policy on […] renewable energy, energy efficiency and interconnections with the rest of the Union” (CSR 3, 2019) and to “Ensure the effective implementation of measures supporting the liquidity of firms, in particular for small and medium-sized enterprises. […] Focus investment on the green […] transition, in particular on, sustainable transports, clean and efficient production and use of energy, energy infrastructures as well as research and innovation.” (CSR 3, 2020). It is expected that no measure in this component does significant harm to environmental objectives within the meaning of Article 17 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852, taking into account the description of the measures and the mitigating steps set out in the recovery and resilience plan in accordance with the DNSH Technical Guidance (2021/C58/01). C.1. Description of the reforms and investments for non-repayable financial support Reform 1 (C3.R1): Mobility law (‘Loi d’Orientation des Mobilités’) The mobility law aims at a deep transformation of transport and mobility with the objectives of improved daily service, meeting the needs of the entire population and of an accelerated decarbonisation of the sector. The law contains a comprehensive package of policy instruments on governance, regulations, and investment plans. A number of secondary legislations linked to the Mobility law shall be implemented during the RRF timeframe. First, a decree entered into force in 2020 setting out the conditions under which journeys may entail financial allocations to drivers who offered car sharing in the absence of passengers. Second, the regulations shall be modified in 2021 to allow the transfer of the management of the local rail network to the Regions. Third, the government shall revise and update the financial and operational programming of the State investments in transport infrastructure by 31 December 2023, as foreseen in the law. Reform 2 (C3.R2): Green Budgeting The publication of a Green Budget aims to set up a standardized and comprehensive information framework targeted to Parliament and civil society on the environmental impact of the State Budget. France published, along with its 2021 budget law, a green budget methodology where each expenditure of the State budget is classified according to its impact on each of the six objectives defined in the Regulation (EU) 2020/852 (the “Taxonomy Regulation”): climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, sustainable use and protection of water and marine resources, transition to a circular economy, pollution prevention and control, and protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems. The revenues are classified as environmental tax according to the Eurostat definition "a tax whose base is a physical unit (or an approximation of a physical unit) of something which has a specific and proven negative impact on the environment." For the 2022 budget, a new green budget shall be published. It shall draw on the already established practices, and improve them by implementing a new methodology for taking into account operating expenditures. Investment 1 (C3.I1): Support to the railway sector To reach the objective of carbon neutrality by 2050, France aims to increase the use of railway as an alternative to road transport. The measure aims at improving and modernising the railway network. A first part of the investment shall be undertaken by the Agency responsible for investing in transport infrastructure (AFITF). This public agency is mandated by the government to invest on preselected transport infrastructure projects. The measure shall finance the renovation of local railway lines undertaken in cooperation with the State and the regions. It shall also contribute to the renovation of freight lines and embedded logistic platforms. The investment will mostly take place in 2021 and 2022.

A second part of the investment shall be used to recapitalise the French national railway company SNCF. The resources shall be directly transferred to SNCF Réseau, the network operator, which is part of the SNCF group. The implementation of the measure will need to outline how compliance with transparency requirements and State aid rules is ensured, with particular reference to accounting separation to avoid cross-subsidisation between economic and non-economic activities of SNCF Réseau. The investment deployed between 2021 and 2023 shall be divided into three measures. The first measure aims at renovating the national railway network by means of heavy investment to replace tracks, crossing bars and ballast. Additionally, investment shall be made to replace switches, catenaries and signalisation signs. The second measure aims at improving the security and reliability of the network. It shall finance research and development and products and equipment to replace glyphosate weed killer by alternative products less harmful to the environment. Additionally, the measure shall finance the renovation of tunnels. The third measure shall finance the complete renovation of local railway lines (such as tracks, rails, ballast and rail devices). Investment 2 (C3.I2): Support to demand for clean vehicles (automobile plan) This investment aims to support the demand for clean vehicles, mainly from households. The measure includes an “ecological bonus” for light vehicles to support the purchase of an electric, hydrogen or plug-in hybrid vehicle with CO2 emissions less than or equal to 50 g/km. The amount of the bonus shall depend on the type of vehicle (electric, plug-in hybrid, hydrogen), the type of beneficiary (household or business) and the price of the vehicle (higher bonus for cheaper cars). The level of the bonus shall gradually decrease from July 2021 as the competitiveness of these vehicles increases compared to their thermal alternatives. The measure also includes the same type of bonus for heavy duty vehicles: a purchase bonus of EUR 50 000 for trucks and EUR 30 000 for electric or hydrogen buses and coaches is introduced from January 2021. Investment 3 (C3.I3): Daily mobility: development of public transport The measure aims at financing the development of rail infrastructure for daily mobility in urban areas, to increase their attractiveness. The measure shall focus on the Ile de France region around Paris, to solve recurrent congestion issues. It shall also participate to the creation of new urban metro lines in large cities in the regions. Eligible projects are mostly based on electric traction, which shall participate to decarbonisation of transport. The measure shall support different steps of the procedure, from necessary ex-ante studies to actual works. The measure shall notably co-finance the improvement of urban train lines (RER E, B and D), the deployment of tram lines (T3, T1) and high level services buses (TZ 2 and 3). In the regions, the measure shall support the creation of a new metro line in Toulouse. The investment will take place between 2021 and 2026. Investment 4 (C3.I4): Acceleration of work on transport infrastructure The purpose of the measure is to modernise existing transport infrastructur