COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
Brussels, 29.11.1995 
COM(95) 609 final 
REPORT 
on 
THE CURRENT STATE OF AND 
PERSPECTIVES FOR COOPERATION 
in the 
BALTIC SEA REGION 
(Presented by the Commission) 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 
1. Background 1 
1.1 Orientations 1 
1.2 Council Conclusions 2 
1.3 Report Structure 3 
2. European Union - PHARE & TACIS Programmes and Community Assistance 3 
2.1 PHARE National Programmes - Baltic States and Poland 3 
2.1.1 Estonia 4 
2.1.2 Latvia 4 
2.1.3 Lithuania 5 
2.1.4 Poland 5 
2.1.5 PI I ARE Infra-structure (Trans-European Networks) 6 
2.2 Intra-Regional Cooperation 6 
2.2.1 PHARE Multi-Country Programmes 6 
2.2.2 PI IA RE Cross Border Cooperation 7 
2.2.3 Til A RE Horizontal Programmes 8 
2.2.4 Stability Pact 9 
2.3 Community Macro-Financial Assistance 9 
2.4 Community Programmes 9 
2.5 TACIS Programmes 10 
2.5.1 St. Petersburg 11 
2.5.2 Kaliningrad 11 
3. EU Structural Funds 11 
3.1 General 11 
3.2 INTERREGII 12 
3.3 ECOS-Ouverture 12 
3.4 HELCOM 12 
4. El) Member States Programmes 12 
4.1 Denmark 12 
1.2 I inland 13 
4.3 Germany 13 
4.4 Sweden 14 
4.5 Other EU Member States 14 
5. International Financial Institutions 15 
5.1 European Investment Bank (EIB) 15 
5.2 Nordic Investment Bank (NIB) 15 
5.3 European Bankfor Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) 15 
5.4 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) 16 
5.5 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 16 
6. Other G-24 Members (non-EU) 16 
7. All Donors 17 
8. Perspectives 17 
9. Follow-up 17 
Annex I Baltic Sea Region - Assistance by EU Member States 19 
Annex 2 Baltic Sea Region - Assistance by I Fis 22 
Annex 3 Baltic Sea Region - Assistance by Other G-24 Members (non-EU) 24 
Annex 4 Baltic Sea Region - Summary Tables (Past, Current and Anticipated 25 
\a-
This report finds ils origin in a Communication from the Commission to the Council, 
"Orientations for a Union Approach towards the Baltic Sea Region" (25 October 1994), which 
was adopted by the Council in its "Council Conclusions on the European Union policy vis-à-vis 
the Baltic Sea Region''' (DS 268 Rev. I; May 1995). In the Conclusions the Council calls for the 
Commission to prepare -" ,. a report on the current state of and perspectives for the 
cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region". 
The report is-of an informative character and should not be interpreted as a budgetary document. 
It is a synthetic document reflecting: (a) the various existing and estimated contributions for the 
period 1991-94, and (b) ah estimate of the indicative contributions foreseen for the Baltic Sea 
Region from different sources for the period 1995-99. The financial resources of the Community 
and the Member States that could be allocated to different programmes over the period 1995-99, 
are subject to approval on an annual basis by the respective budgetary authorities. 
This report therefore presents an overview of the total of foreign assistance provided to the Baltic 
States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), Poland (in as far as its Baltic Coast is concerned), and the 
Russian Federation (specifically, the St. Petersburg region and Kaliningrad). It includes the funds 
provided by the LU, the Member States (on a bilateral basis), the other G-24 members and the 
international financial institutions (IF1). The overview includes both grant and credit resources 
made available in the period 1990-94. In addition, the report attempts to draw some conclusions 
with regard to the total and character of the assistance which could be available for the Baltic Sea 
Region in the period 1995-99. 
1. Background 
1.1 Orientations 
Against the background of the accession of Finland and Sweden to the EU, the functioning of the 
Europe Agreement with Poland, the signing of the Europe Agreements with the three Baltic 
States (June 1995), the oft-stated desire of the associated countries to be considered as potential 
future members of the EU, and the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement signed with the 
Russian Federation, the Orientations outline: 
• the historical lies between the countries of Western Europe with those of the Baltic Sea 
Region, 
• the EU, Member States, G-24 and IFI supported measures already in place to strengthen the 
regional dimension of political and economic cooperation; and 
• the potential for stronger concerted effort to enhance development and increase synergy 
through a regional integrated approach for cooperation in the Region. 
The Orientations indicate that scope for the development of such a specifically regional Union 
approach to the countries of the Baltic Sea Region exists, based upon a deepening of the Union's 
own bi-lateral relationships and supported by the active encouragement and support of inter­
regional and sub-regional cooperation. 
The Orientations identify a number of means to realise the approach: 
• enhancing the political dialogue with Baltic States in a multi-lateral framework on issues of 
common interest, with a view (o promoting stability and security in the Baltic Sea Region; 
BALT - bsrinv -lb 
• 
• addressing issues relating to stability and security in the Baltic Sea Region in the Union's 
political dialogue with Russia; 
continuing the Commission's active part, as a full member, in the work of the Council of the 
Baltic Sea States (CBSS); 
intensifying the coordination of existing bi-lateral and multi-lateral assistance programmes to 
the countries in the Region, within a regional context; 
giving priority to infra-structure, environment and investment promotion, noting that the 
Union's structural, PHARE and TACIS funds for the area should contribute in a 
complementary manner to such projects in the Baltic Sea Region; 
• stimulating and supporting the activities of the economic operators in the area at regional, 
sub-regional, local and private organisation level; and 
• encouraging regional and sub-regional cooperation for the regions of Russia bordering the 
Baltic Sea. 
1.2 Council Conclusions 
The Council Conclusions take note with satisfaction of the Orientations and state that the 
European Union is uniquely placed to contribute to the stability of the Region, as a result of the 
ties it has created with the countries bordering the Baltic Sea and which find expression in the 
establishment of numerous channels for political dialogue (including the structured dialogue with 
the associated countries, the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement with Russia and the 
dialogue with Norway in the context of the European Economic Space). The Conclusions further 
refer to the adoption of the Pact for Stability (March 1995), the lead role now played therein by 
the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and the need to follow this 
process closely with regard to the Region. 
The Conclusions highlight the importance of the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) and 
invites the Commission to formulate proposals with regard to the role the Commission can play 
in that context. 
The Conclusions call attention to the need to foster regional economic cooperation in the Region, 
the need to enhance close commercial ties (especially with regard to the non-Member States), the 
desirability of putting assistance delivery to the countries concerned in a regional context, the 
need to achieve regional consensus on assistance priorities, and the need to strengthen assistance 
coordination (looking to the G-24 and CBSS suitable fora in this regard). 
The Conclusions end by expressing a desire that the activities of the European Union in the 
Region contribute to and complement regional cooperation and good neighbourly relations. The 
Council sees the following areas as priority: 
• trade; 
infrastructure (including transport); 
• investment; 
• environment; 
• energy and nuclear safety; and 
• development of activities by local entities and the private sector. 
BALT-bsrinv - 2 
1.3 Report Structure 
A broad classification of types of programmes has been adopted in this report1: 
• Economic infrastructure and services - transport, communications, environment, 
and energy; 
• Social infrastructure & services - education, health, and public administration; 
• Production sectors - agriculture (including agro-processing and 
fisheries), industry, trade, banking and tourism; 
and 
• Multi-sector - macro-economic assistance, balance of payment 
support, structural adjustment and debt 
management. 
In addition, an indication is provided of the following types of assistance: 
• technical assistance and training; 
• export credits; 
• private investment support; and 
• sector aid and other (including: economic reform and public investment). 
The sections 2-7 below, summarise past and ongoing programmes in the Baltic Sea Region, 
funded from a variety of EU and non-EU sources, arranged by sector or attention area. Tables 
providing detailed and summary figures on aid allocations by major donors in the region over the 
period 1990-94 can be found in the Annexes 1, 2 and 3. 
Section 8 and Annex 4 present an outline of the resources which would most likely be available 
in the period 1995-99, while section 9 suggests a possible follow-up to the report. 
2. European Union - PHARE & TACIS Programmes and Community Assistance 
2.1 PHARE National Programmes - Baltic States and Poland 
Over the period 1990-94 the three Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) and Poland 
received a total of 1,218 M ECU" in the form of assistance in the context of the national PHARE 
programmes funded by the European Union . It is estimated that of the total of assistance to 
Poland over that period ( 1,012 MECU), an average of 15% (or 152 MECU)4 benefited the Baltic 
coast region of Poland. This results in a total of national PHARE (and TACIS) programme funds 
for the Baltic Sea Region of 358 MECU for the period, of which a total of 206 MECU for the 
three Baltic countries. 
Differences in orientation between the assistance programmes funded by the various 
donor countries and organisations and targeting the Baltic Sea Region, are difficult to assess 
due to diverging definitions of types of assistance. 
Most figures in this report (except where relevant) are rounded to nearest MECU. 
The total of 1218 MECU includes 15 MECU from the TACIS programme provided to the Baltic 
States in 1991, before these countries joined the PHARE programme in 1992. 
The average of 15% is based on an calculation of the share of funds provided to Poland, directly 
or indirectly benefiting the first 2 lines of "voivodships" fronting the Baltic Sea. No'generic data 
for this estimate are available. 
BALT-bsrinv - 3 
These programmes mainly concerned macro-economic stabilisation and covered the provision of 
technical assistance, financial assistance (SME credit lines), training and limited equipment 
supplies in a wide variety of areas, including all infrastructure sectors, privatisation/restructuring, 
banking and public finance, human resources development, including the social sectors 
(education, health, social safety and labour market), public administration and external debt 
management. 
Mulli-aiinual Indicative Programmes (MIPs) for the period 1995-99 and covering a total 
estimated allocation of 430 MECU, are currently under preparation for the three Baltic countries. 
An amount of 750 MECU is likely to be available for Poland, of which an estimated 15% (or 
some 115 MECU) for the country's coastal regions. The total of funds for the Baltic Sea Region 
from EU multi-lateral funds under the national PHARE programmes is therefore likely to 
amount to 545 MECU. 
More concentrated in character than the earlier programmes, the MIPs are expected to focus on: 
• pre-accession (implementation of the Free Trade and Europe Agreements, adoption of the 
internal market acquis and preparations for accession to the Union); 
• medium-term restructuring (post-stabilisation economic development); 
• infrastructure investment; and 
• regional cooperation. 
2.1.1 EHutÊJM 
With total funding of almost 48.5 MECU for Ihe period 1990-94, the programme for Estonia 
largely concentrated on economic stabilisation and restructuring, while a number of strategy and 
feasibility studies in energy environment and transport were also financed. During the first years 
o{^ assistance, relatively little attention was given to human resources and social sector 
development. 
Lor the period 1995-99, the focus with regard to the indicative national PHARE programme 
allocation (an indicative total of 105 MECU) will shift to the preparation of public and private 
economic investment (especially in agriculture and regional development). The main reason for 
this can be found in the need to counter-balance the earlier bias in favour of urban development, 
to the detriment of the rural areas. 
It is expected that the M IP, in addition to European integration and infrastructure development, 
will dedicate substantial funds for activities in the areas of: 
• export development; 
• regional development; and 
• public sector management. 
2.1.2 Latvia 
Support for the process of macro-economic stabilisation (privatisation, industrial restructuring 
and development of finance and banking sector) constituted also the larger part of the total of 
67.5 MECU6 made available to Latvia in the period 1991-94. 
Including 4 MECU from the TACIS programme in 1991. 
Including 5 MECU from the TACIS programme in 1991. 
BALT-bsrinv - 4 
Over the period 1995-99 (and based on an indicative total allocation of 135 MECU) this type of 
funding will substantially support the process of restructuring in the industrial and agricultural 
sectors. Part of the PU ARE assistance will be dedicated to support of infra-structure investment, 
both through technical assistance and I he funding of part of the local cost financing pertaining to 
loan-based financing of public investments by the ILL The PHARE criteria for infrastructure 
investments, especially those pertaining to "additionality" and "complementarity"' will apply7. 
In addition to European integration ana infrastructure development, the MIP is expected to 
dedicate substantial resources to: 
• private sector development (privatisation, banking, SME, investment promotion); 
• agriculture; 
• institutional and human resources development;,and 
• the social sector. 
2.1.3 Lithuania 
identical orientations as for Estonia and Latvia have applied to the Lithuanian programmes in the 
period 1991-94, which amounted to a total of 90 MECU .Noteworthy in the case of Lithuania 
was the use of PHARE, funding for the preparation of 3^ large-scale strategy studies in the areas 
of, respectively, agriculture, transport and energy. 
for the period 1995-99, continued assistance (an indicative total of 190 MECU) is foreseen for 
both economic investment (agriculture, industrial restructuring and SME development) and 
infrastructure development (energy, environment, transport), including local cost financing of the 
Government's Public Investment Programme. 
In addition to support for European integration-related activities, the MIP for Lithuania is 
expected to concentrate on: 
• economic reform (agriculture, privatisation/restructuring, SME development (credit lines), 
investment promotion, banking/finance); and 
» the social sector and human resources development (vocational education, public 
administration, labour market, health and civil society). 
2.1.4 Poland 
The total of PI I ARE. Programme resources for Poland in the period 1990-94 amounted to 1,011.6 
MECU (oi' which an estimated 152 MECU for the Baltic coastal regions) and covered 
programmes in every key sector, focusing on key policy issues. Major programmes concerned: 
• infrastructure (transport, environment, energy and telecommunications); 
• economic investment (agriculture (cooperatives, credit lines), finance and banking (taxation, 
National Bank, budget preparation), industrial restructuring/privatisation and private sector 
development (regional development and SME Development); and 
• human resources development (labour market, education, health care, customs, statistics, 
public administration and higher education (scholarships, exchange programmes). 
Discussion Paper - "PHARE Infrastructure Investments", Brussels, January 1995. 
Including 6 IvflECU from the TACfS programme in 1991. 
See footnote 4. 
HAW - bsrinv - 5 
Projections for the period 1995-99 are based on an allocation of 750 MECU (of which an 
estimated total of 115 MECU for the Baltic coastal regions) with programmes in the areas of: 
• employment (energy infrastructure, agriculture, environment); 
• institutional reform; and 
• increased competitiveness (regional development, participation in Community programmes, 
higher education). 
2.1.5 PHARE Infra-structure (Trans-European Networks) 
An estimated 30% of the total of the national PHARE allocations for the period 1990-1994 was 
dedicated to the development of the infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region, in the form of 
technical assistance, training and management support in the infrastructure-oriented sectors: 
energy, environment, transport, and telecommunications. 
Over the period 1990-94, technical assistance and related support for infrastructure development 
in the Region amounted to an estimated 107 MECU, as part of and included in the above 
mentioned respective national PHARE programmes. 
further to the Copenhagen and Essen Councils, a maximum of 25% of the annual PHARE 
programme can now be dedicated to infra-structure investment. In view of the limitations posed 
by the available funds, relatively to the size of the substantial renovation, rehabilitation and new 
infra-structure needs, such direct financing will have to be complementary to loan-based 
financing extended by the I Fis. 
The total allocation for Trans-European Networks (as an intégrai part of both the national 
PHARE programmes and the Multi-Country Programmes) for the partner countries in the Region 
for the period 1995-99, is expected to amount to 350 MECU, largely in the form of preparatory 
technical assistance and contributions towards local cost financing linked to loan-based 
programmes funded by the I Fis, combined with resources from the respective government 
budgets. 
Major programmes which are under consideration, include: 
• port development; 
• Via Baltica and Via Ilanseatica; 
• Gdynia-Katowice railway (E-67); 
• motorway Gdynia-Katowice (A 1); 
• border crossings; 
• gas pipeline Russia-Belarus-Poland-EU; 
• Baltic electricity ring; and 
• telecommunication links. 
2.2 Intra-Rcgional Cooperation 
2.2.1 PHARE Multi-Country Programmes 
In addition to the national PHARE programmes, the four partner countries benefit from 
participation in PHARE Multi-Country Programmes in a variety of areas. The programmes are 
designed to stimulate the promotion of regional cooperation between all 11 PHARE countries on 
issues of common interest. The total allocation for Multi-Country Programmes in the period 
HALT - bsrinv 
1992-94 amounted to 314.2 IvfSCU and included, amongst others, substantial programmes in the 
areasof: 
• macro-economic research (22.5 MECU); 
• customs cooperation (16.5 MECU); 
• energy networks (25 MECU); 
• environment (46.0 MECU); and 
• nuclear safety (35.0 MECU). 
In addition, there were programmes in sphere of the fight against drugs, quality assurance and 
standards, telecommunications, transport, statistical cooperation, joint venture promotion, 
science and research and public administration. 
Although definite allocations on a country-by-country basis cannot be identified (these depend 
on the pro-activeness of each country with respect to the Multi-County Programmes) it is 
estimated that of the total multi-country resources of nearly 314.2 MECU, the partner countries 
in the Baltic Sea Region (including the Baltic coast region of Poland) benefited from around 
30%, or 94 M ECU. 
For the period 1995-99 an estimate of allocations that could be made available (largely in the 
same areas) amounts to 30% of 476 MECU, i.e.: 143 MECU (rounded). 
2.2.2 PHARE Cross Border Cooperation 
Cross Border Cooperation activities in the Baltic countries started in 1994 with a total allocation 
(for that year) of 11 MECU. The focus in this programme lies with environment and transport 
infrastructure. In addition, the programme includes some smaller projects in the social sector. 
The Cross Border Cooperation Programme for the period 1995-99 is set on an agreed regional 
footing (covering Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as well as the Baltic coast of Poland). The 
programme is closely linked to INTERREG II programme activities in Denmark and Finland. 
The allocation for 1995 has been set at a figure of 16 MECU (including a 5 MECU Baltic 
Small Project Facility, currently under preparation). By extrapolation the total allocation for the 
period 1995-99 amounts to 80 M ECU11. 
The emphasis in the 1995-99 MIP for Cross Border Cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region is on: 
• infrastructure (energy, environment, telecommunications and transport); and 
• human resources development. 
The Cross Border Cooperation programme offers significant scope for the effective combination 
of PHARE and TACIS funds for cross border projects between the partner countries in the 
region. A new TACIS regulation, opening up the possibility for cross border cooperation projects 
under that programme, is currently subject of discussion in the Council. 
Composed of: 3 MECU from INTERREG II, Article 10 funds and 2 Ml<Cl J from PIIARE funds. 
Composed of: 5 annual allocations of 3 MECU for Estonia, 3 MECU lot Latvian 4 MECU for 
Utbtaa«a.and 4 N#<CU ft»Poland (Baltic coastal regions), plus 2 MECU contribution from PHARE 
indicative. 
2.2.3 PHARE Horizontal Programmes 
There are a number of smaller programmes of a multi-country character which offer scope for 
funding of activities in the Baltic Sea Region. These programmes which are described below 
depend (with the exception of the Democracy Programme) on funding from the PHARE and 
TACIS allocations, often in combination with financing from the European Regional 
Development Fund. 
The PHARE and TACIS Democracy Programme 
The programme is designed to enhance democratic practices in the societies of the CEEC and the 
N1S and to underline the importance of the rule of law. It focuses on eight areas of activity in 
supporting projects submitted by non-governmental organisations (NGOs): (1) parliamentary 
practice and organisation, (2) transparency of public administration and public management, (3) 
development of NGOs and representative structures, (4) independent, pluralistic and responsible 
media, (5) awareness building and civic education, (6) promoting and monitoring human rights, 
(7) civilian monitoring of security structures, and (8) minority rights, equal opportunities and 
non-discrimination practices. 
The Lien Programme 
The Link Inter-European NGOs (LIEN) programme aims to help CEEC and NIS non­
governmental organisations to establish a safety net for populations which, in the current 
transition process are most vulnerable. It provides assistance to those having limited access to 
health, social care and employment, in order to improve their condition, status, education and 
professional employment opportunities; contributes to the social reintegration of the unemployed 
and marginalised sections of the population (minority members, the handicapped); and promotes 
sustainable health and social support for certain target groups (the elderly, the homeless, street 
children, victims of drug addiction or AIDS, etc.). 
The Partnership Programme 
The programme aims to promote socio-economic development by establishing sustainable EC-
CEEC partnerships between non-profit making professional organisation, representative bodies, 
voluntary organisations, business foundations and other similar institutions. It provides support 
for initiatives that encourage local economic development and institutional strengthening, 
defined as the establishment or enhancement of the operational capacity of institutions that play 
a role in economic development. It focuses on five areas of activity: (1) regional development, 
(2) local development, (3) business and enterprise development, (4) human resources 
development and education, and (5) institutional strengthening, wherever it advances the process 
of economic reform and local socio-economic development. 
Funding for this programme amounted to 10 MECU in 1993 and 11 MECU in 1995. It is 
estimated that the Baltic Sea Region partner countries benefit to the extent of around 15% of 
these allocations. 
Civil Society Development Programmes 
These programmes aim to strengthen and widen the capacity and range of actions and 
involvement of NGOs in civil society and are managed by a board consisting of representatives 
from NGOs, independent persons and government representatives. 
BALT- bsriiiv - 8 
2.2.4 Stability Pact 
The above mentioned intra-negional programmes contribute to the objectives of the Stability 
Pact. 
There exists considerable scope Tor eî^ndkjg this type of programme, particularly in the sphere 
of democracy (e;g;: language training for ininorities in Estonia and l^ttvia;), development of non­
governmental organrsattous,cand civic society. 
2.3 Community Macro-Financial Assistance 
In 1992 the three Baltic States initiated ambitious stabilisation and reform programmes and 
concluded stand-by arrangements with the IMF. The G-24 were called upon to contribute to fill 
the remaining expected balance of payments gap for fhe initial programme period (mid-1992 -
mid-1993), estimated al a level of USD 105 million for Estonia, USD 210 million for Latvia and 
USD 285 million in the case of Lithuania. 
In November 1992, the Council approved macro-financial assistance of up to 220 MECU for the 
three countries (Estonia: 40 MECU; Latvia: $0 MECU and Lithuania: 100 MECU) in support of 
the countries' programmes of adjustments and structural «eform. The bulk of the remaining bi­
lateral support was awarded by non-EU G-24 countries, in particular Japan and EFT A countries. 
Loan agreements and memoranda of understanding between the Community arid each 
beneficiary were signed in early 1993. The Commission disbursed the first tranche (50%) in 
March 1993 for Estonia and Latvia and in July 1993 for Lithuania. An amount of .25 MECU out 
of the second tranche of the loan facility to Lithuania was disbursed in August 1995. 
2.4 Community Programmes 
Pressure from the partner countries in the Baltic Sea Region is mounting to be admitted to 
participation in Community Programmes. The partner ootmtries wishing to participate in 
Community Programmes are expected to pay themselves the cost of this participation from their 
own government budgets. If necessary, PHARE may complement this financial contribution up 
to a maximum of W% of the national PHARE afloeations. 
The outline Multi-Annual Indicative Programme (MIP) 1995-99 for Poland includes an 8% share 
for participation in community programmes, which is not, however, linked to potential projects 
in a Baltic Sea Region context. 
In the course of the current programming discussions with regard to the MIP 1996-99, none of 
the three Baltic partner countries have foreseen the possibility to request financial assistance 
from PHARE funds to participate in community programmes. It is expected however, that future 
annual reviews of the respective MIPs will dedicate a part of the available resources to 
community programmes, especially in the field of education. 
In the area of science and technology, the three Baltic States, as well as Poland, participated in 
research projects of the 3rd and 4th Framework Programmes in 1994 (PECO) and were also 
entitled to participate in the COPERNICUS 1994 call for funded joint research projects and 
concerted actions In addition, Poland was eligible to participate in PECO 1992 and PECO 1993. 
Mention can also be made of Research and Technology Development-related interventions of the 
TACIS programme. In 1993 the Commission (DG XII) launched a feasibility study to examine 
the use of the STRIDE model for Research and Technology Development in Central European 
Countries. 
«ALT - bsrtnv - S 
Under the 4th Framework Programme, all 4 countries are eligible for EU funding via INCO for 
participation in other specific programmes of the 4th Framework Programme and the 
COPERNICUS |995. 
A further and enhanced consideration of Research and Technology Development in regional 
development schemes may be opportune to strengthen the competitiveness of the Baltic Sea 
Region. 
<The LIFE Programme 
Under the LIFE I programme, which aims at (a) supporting the strengthening of administrative 
structures in charge of the implementation of environmental provisions, (b) the control and 
reduction of various forms of pollution, and (c) the protection of sensitive areas in the EU, 5% of 
the total budget (450 MECU for 1992-95) has been earmarked for actions in third countries of 
the Baltic and Mediterranean Sea areas (see next paragraph). LIFE II (1996-99), which is under 
preparation, will provide for a broader integration of associated CEECs, including Poland and the 
Baltic States, in the programme. In principle, all actions supported by the programme will be 
accessible for these countries, however only through contributions from their respective national 
budgets or through utilisation of (part of) their PHARE allocations. The general principles 
regarding the financing of the CEEC participation will apply. 
The LIFE "Third Country Branch" 
Since 1993, the LIFE programme has contributed an amount of 3.6 MECU to three 
Environmental Centres for Administration and Technology (ECATs) in the Baltic Sea Region 
(Kaliningrad, Riga and St. Petersburg) The ECATs are joint projects between a Central or 
Eastern European administrative body for environmental protection and a Western European 
counterpart. The recipient partners contribute an additional 1 MECU in total. A fourth ECAT is 
scheduled for opening in Vilnius in May 1996. 
The ECATs were designed to assist local governmental and non-governmental organisations as 
well as industry and educational institutions in the development and implementation of projects, 
action programmes and policy instruments to protect the environment. ECAT attracts 
international assistance to environmental initiatives and facilitate the flow of environmental 
information between Central and Eastern European Countries and the European Union. 
The Baltic Environmental Forum 
A newly established Baltic Environmental Forum (BEF), with activities in the three Baltic 
States, aims to strengthen regional cooperation in the field of environment and supports the 
process of integration of the countries concerned into the European Union. The support from the 
Commission amounts to 0.5 MECU. The BEF receives additional funding from the German 
Federal Cjovernment, as well as from Schleswig-Holstein and the Finnish Ministries of 
Environment. The activities of the BEF include workshops and seminars at the request of the 
Baltic Council or ministries in the Baltic area. It also provides support to the Baltic States in the 
development and implementation of National Environmental Action Programmes and strategies. 
The SYNERGY and SA FE Programmes 
The Energy Cooperation Programme for third countries, SYNERGY (4-5 MECU/annum for the 
Central and Eastern European Countries and the Newly Independent States), continues to benefit 
the Baltic Sea Region through energy policy conferences and technical assistance projects. The 
BALT-bsrinv - 10 
SAVE II (energy efficiency) programme was recently opened to participation by the associated 
countries of Central and Eastern Europe and is of relevance also to me Baltic Sea Region. All 
countries of the ©attic Sea Region are signatories of me European Energy Charter, the Energy 
Charter Treaty and its associated instruments and continue to be participants of former 
negotiations. These instruments wilt remain a oasic framework for a free flow of energy over the 
1 in opean continent and for ctïergy investment. 
2.5 TACIS Programmes 
Two regions in the Baltic Sea Region benefit from #ie EU TAOS Programme: St Petersburg 
and Kaliningrad. 
2.5.1 St. i'eierslwrg 
The programme for Ibc St. Petersburg region dates #ora 1992, fias an overall allocation of 30 
Ml CU and includes the followirtgelements: 
« 
• agriculture; 
energy; 
transport: 
enterprise support; 
• financial services; and 
• human resource devefopmesnt: 
A new programme for the St. Petersburg region agamst 1995 resources is currently under 
consideration. 
2.5.2 RatkitngnMl 
The 19 MECU programme for #ie Kaliningrad region dates from 1994 .and includes the 
following elements: 
• enterprise restructurmg; 
• Immau resources develo|îment; 
• food production and distribution; and 
• networks (energy/transport) 
No decision has been taken with regard to programme orientations and allocations for the period 
1995-99. 
3. EU Structural Funds 
3.1 iieneral 
The Member States bordering t&e Baltic Sea benefited from more than 235 MECU in structural 
funds up to 1993. For the period 1994-1999, a total of 5,3®0 MECU is allocated to the Baltic Sea 
Region " (including Community Initiatives such as WTERRBG II). 
Denmark, Finland, Germany (Lander Meckienburg-Vorpommem and Schleswig-Holstein) and 
Sweden. 
BALT-bsrinv - II 
3.2 INTERREGII 
lor the period 1994-99, the IN'fERREG II allocation for bi-lateral or multi-lateral activities of 
cross border cooperation in the Region amount to slightly more than 170 MECU. An amount of 
some 80 MECU of these IN'fERREG funds have a direct bearing on regions with potential for 
cooperation in the context of the PHARE Cross Border Cooperation programme, of which 8 
MECU in relation to the multi-lateral programme for the Baltic Sea Region. 
The focus of the IN'fERREG II initiative lies with "soft" cross border cooperation projects, 
undertaken by regional and local entities. The projects vary in character, but concentrate on 
economic development, including cooperation in spheres supporting the primary focus. 
The new 1NTERREG Il-C strand for transnational cooperation promises to be an interesting 
instrument providing complementary funding (not exceeding 15 MECU) for the Baltic Cross 
Border Cooperation programme. It will support "soft" measures on a transnational basis in the 
fields of spatial planning, optimal utilisation of Trans-European Networks, improving the 
organisation of transport in peripheral regions, the environment (in particular maritime and 
coastal environment), sustainable development, tourism and human resources. 
5.3 ECOS-Ouvcrturc 
The programme concerns initiatives based on Article 10 of the European Regional Development 
fund (ERI)E) and aiming at inter-regional cooperation and networking between, at least, two 
regions or municipalities from the EU and one partner in the PHARE partner counties. The 
relevant fields concern modernisation of local administration, environment and economic 
development, including support for small- and medium-sized enterprises. So far, local and 
regional partners from the Baltic Sea Region have played an active role in this programme. A 
total amount of 25 MECU has hitherto been granted to this programme under Article 10. It 
should be noted that the means available for Poland and the three Baltic States for this 
programme under PI IARE will be amounting to 2 MECU per year from 1995 onwards. 
from 1996 partners in Poland and the three Baltic States will be supported, in the framework of 
the Baltic CBC programme, in the form of a Baltic Cooperation Fund. 
3.4 HELCOM 
The Convention on the protection of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea area (Helsinki 
Convention), was signed between the riparian countries in 1974, entered into force in 1980 and 
was revised in 1992. After the political changes, the Commission, on behalf of the EU was able 
to participate in the 1992 revision and became a contracting party in 1994, after conclusion by 
the Council. The Baltic Sea Commission (HEECOM) has its secretariat in Helsinki. The EC 
contributes 2.5% of the administrative budget. 
4. EU Member States Programmes 
4.1 Denmark 
In the period 1990-94 Danish assistance to the Baltic Sea Region (including small amounts for 
the St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad regions, and assuming that 15% of the assistance to Poland 
targeted that country's Baltic coast) totalled 177 MECU, of which around 72% in the form of 
grants. The assistance focused on the economic infrastructure and services, as well as the 
BALI - bsrinv - 12 
production sector. Technical assistance made up 15% of the total of assistance, while export 
credits and private investment support each accounted for, respectively, 16% and 12%. 
Figures available for the year 1995 indicate an overall level of assistance for the Baltic Sea 
Region in that year of 10.1 MECU in technical assistance alone. Assuming the same level of 
assistance for the following years, the total of support in the form of technical assistance for the 
Region for the period 1995-99 amounted to 50.5 MECU. 
The total of Danish assistance (of all types) for the whole of the period 1995-99 is estimated at 
175 MECU. 
Danish assistance will change in terms of sector or attention area coverage, in that it will give 
more attention to the process of preparation for accession to the European Union. In addition, 
environmental programmes will form an increasingly important part of Danish assistance. 
Annex 1, table 1 provides details. 
4.2 Finland 
In the period 1990-94, Finnish assistance to the Baltic Sea Region (excluding St. Petersburg and 
Kaliningrad, and assuming that 15% of the allocation for Poland concerned the Baltic coastal 
regions) amounted to a total of 183 MECU of which a total of 234.46 MECU (34%) in the form 
of grants. Finland concentrates its cooperation largely on Estonia (44% of the total for the 
Region). 
Finland's assistance to the Baltic countries, focused on multi-sector projects, structural 
adjustment and debt reorganisation (72%).This percentage is heavily influenced by a sizeable 
allocation for debt re-organisation in Poland. This assistance also included a substantial element 
(19%) for investment in public infrastructure. The second area of importance concerned 
economic infrastructure and services (20%). 
With regard to the type of assistance, Finland has concentrated on sector aid (53%) and export 
credits (30%) and less on technical assistance (10%). 
For the period 1995-99, it is expected that Finland will be able to slightly increase the assistance 
effort for the Region (10%), which would result in an allocation for the period of 200 MECU, 
with a heavier focus on technical assistance (25%) and sector aid (60%, largely in the form of 
investment support). 
Annex 1, table 2 provides details of allocations. 
4.3 Germany 
Over the period 1990-94, German assistance to the Baltic Sea Region (not including the St. 
Petersburg region and Kaliningrad and assuming that'-15% of the Polish allocation, excluding 
debt reorganisation, targeted the Baltic coast), amounted to a total of 426 MECU, of which 45% 
in the form of grants. 
Not including debt reorganisation for Poland, German assistance focused on multi-sector projects 
and structural adjustment (79%) and social infrastructure and services ( 15%). 
BAt 1 h*riHv - 13 
By type of assistance the German efforts focused on sector aid (34%, not including debt 
reorganisation) and export credits (41%). Technical assistance made up 13% of the total. 
It is expected that Germany will maintain for the Region the same level of assistance over the 
period 1995-99, which would imply an total of 425 MECU in resources for all types of assistance 
(excluding debt reorganisation). 
Annex 1, table 3 provides details of allocations. 
4.4 Sweden 
Over the period 1990-94, Swedish assistance to the Baltic Sea Region (including the St. 
Petersburg region and Kaliningrad and assuming that 15% of the Polish allocation, excluding 
debt reorganisation, targeted the Baltic coast), amounted to a total of 264 MECU, of which 56% 
in the form of grants. 
Not including debt reorganisation for Poland, Swedish assistance focused on multi-sector 
projects and structural adjustment (49%) and the production sector (24%). 
By type of assistance the Sweden concentrated its efforts on sector aid (61%, not including debt 
reorganisation) and technical assistance (21%). Export credits made up 17% of the total. An 
interesting feature of Swedish assistance is its ability to deploy rapidly technical assistance 
linked to the preparation and implementation of IFI-loan financing. 
It is expected that, lor the period 1995-99, Sweden will increase the level of assistance it 
provides to the Region by 20%, which would result in an overall amount of 315 MECU for the 
whole of the period. No change is foreseen in the "mix" of the assistance. 
For details of allocations, refer to Annex 1, table 4. 
4.5 Other EU Member States 
Over the period 1990-94, the total of assistance by the other EU Member States to the Baltic Sea 
Region (not including the St. Petersburg region and Kaliningrad and assuming that 15% of the 
Polish allocation, excluding debt reorganisation, targeted the Baltic coast), amounted to a total of 
488 M ECU, of which 3 I % in the form of grants. 
Not including debt reorganisation for Poland, other Member States' assistance focused on multi-
sector projects and structural adjustment (72%) and the productive sector (22%). 
By type of assistance the other Member States' efforts focused on export credits (59%,) and 
sector aid (23%, not including debt reorganisation). Technical assistance made up 9% of the 
total. 
It is expected that the other Member States will maintain for the Region the same level of 
assistance over the period 1995-99, which would imply an total of 490 MECU in resources for 
all types of assistance (excluding debt reorganisation). 
Annex I, table 5 provides details. 
BALT-bsrinv - 14 
5. International Financial Institutions 
5.1 European Investment Bank (ElB) 
Over the period 1990-94, the European Investment Bank has extended a total of 948 MECU in 
loans to four partner countries in the Region (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland). Poland 
received the larger part (93%), with Estonia in second place (5%). Using the 15% criterion, the* 
share of the Baltic Sea Region (not including the St. Petersburg region and Kaliningrad) in this 
total amounts to 194 MECU, mainly for investment projects (84%) in the economic 
infrastructure and services area (83%). 
For the period f995-99 it is assumed that the loan volume for the Baltic Sea Region Will double 
to 400 MECU, largely for the same purposes. 
Annex 2, table I provides loan aggregates per country. 
5.2 Nordic Investment Bank (NIB) 
The Nordic Investment Bank's activities with regard to the Baltic States comprise the following: 
• the Baltic Investment Programme (BIP); and 
• loans to Nordic companies for investment in the Baltic countries. 
The BIP was established in 1992 with a duration of 3 years and aims to channel technical 
assistance and investment capital to the Baltic countries in order to create favourable conditions 
for local investment. The NIB was mandated to administer a 5 MECU technical assistance fund, 
which was mainly used in the context of the establishment of the three national investment banks 
in the Baltic countries. In addition, the NIB administers the 30 MECU Baltic Investment Loan 
fund (BIL), the purpose of which is to support Nordic small- and medium-sized enterprises', 
investments in the Baltic countries, as well the investment activities of the above mentioned 
three national investment banks. 
Over the period 1992-94, the NIB's support to the Baltic countries included an amount of 63 
MECU in the form of loans to companies investing in the Baltic countries. These investments 
were mainly directed at the manufacturing industry and the telecommunications sector. 
5.3 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) 
The-EBRD operates in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, including the former Soviet 
Union, committed to multi-party democracy, pluralism and open market economies. Its purpose 
is to foster the economic and democratic transition process and to promote private and 
entrepreneurial initiative in those countries through provision of loans, equity investments and 
technical cooperation. 
It also administers the Baltic Investment Funds and the Baltic Technical Assistance Special 
fund. 
Exact figures are not readily available for activity in the Baltic Sea Region as such, given that 
data for Poland and Russia is not dis-aggregated appropriately. However, over the period 1990-
94 the Bank extended over 300 MECU of finance in the three Baltic States alone. 
BAIT-bsrinv - 15 
Given that the Bank made no loans until 1992 and is only now reaching its cruising speed as far 
as operations are concerned, one can expect a substantial increase in activity between over the 
period 1995-99. 
Annex 2, table 2 provides loan aggregates per country; 
5.4 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) 
Over the period 1990-94 the four partner countries in the Region took out a total of nearly 3,200 
MECU in loans from the World Bank, including some 620 MECU in the form of general 
programme assistance for Poland. Assuming that 15% of the Polish share of this total benefited 
the countries coastal areas, this amounts to a total of some 700 MECU for the Baltic Sea Region 
(not including the St. Petersburg region and Kaliningrad). These loans were used for investments 
projects in the economic infrastructure area (28%) and the production sector (33%). In addition, 
some 29% of the total was provided in the form of rehabilitation assistance. 
It is assumed that the World Bank loan volume for the Region over the period 1995-99 will 
remain at the same level, i.e.: 700 MECU, with most of the proceeds used in the production and 
economic infrastructure and services sectors. 
Annex 2, table 3 provides loan aggregates per country. 
5.5 International Monetary Eund (IME) 
I he International Monetary Fund has, so far, extended a total of slightly more than 3,800 MECU 
to the four partner countries in the Region, for supporting the countries' macro-economic 
adjustment and structural reform programmes. 
Since the bulk of this assistance is not directly used for investment in either the public or the 
private sector, and, where Poland is concerned, not specifically attributable to the Baltic coastal 
regions, it is left out of consideration in this paper. 
Annex 2, table 4 provides loan aggregates per country. 
6. Other G-24 Members (non-EU) 
Over the period 1990-94, assistance from the non-EU G-24 countries to the Baltic Sea Region 
(not including the St. Petersburg region and Kaliningrad and assuming that 15% of the Polish 
allocation, excluding debt reorganisation, targeted the Baltic coast), amounted to a total of 980 
MECU.. 
Not including debt reorganisation for Poland, non-EU G-24 assistance focused on macro-
financial assistance (91%), with the other attention areas receiving equal shares of the remaining 
o<>/ 
By type of assistance the non-EU G-24 effort focused on sector aid (52%, not including debt 
reorganisation) and export credits (30%). Technical assistance made up 13% of the total. 
It is expected that the group of non-EU G-24 countries will not maintain the same level of 
assistance for the Region over the period 1995-99, in view of the important level of balance of 
payments support extended in 1992-93, due to the special circumstances prevailing at the time. 
BAII -bsrinv - 16 
An estimate is exceedingly difficult to make and is limited for the purpose of this report to a total 
of 700 MECU in resources for all types of assistance (not including debt reorganisation). 
Annex 3 provides aggregates of G-24 assistance per partner country. 
7. All Donors 
The total of assistance of all types from all donor countries and organisations for the Baltic Sea 
Region over the period 1990-94, can be valued at 4,534 MECU. 
A summary is provided in Annex 4. 
8. Perspectives 
Altliough it is not possible, at this stage, to define with precision the orientations and allocations 
pertaining to the total of assistance likely to be available to the Baltic Sea Region for the period 
1995-99, this future assistance can be tentatively characterised as follows: 
• the total assistance is not likely to smaller than it was in the period 1990-94 and shows a 
tendency to grow both in absolute amounts and scope; 
• the volume of technical assistance (including sector aid for economic reform) is likely to be 
reduced in favour of both loan- and grant-based investment (including export credits, private 
investment support and sector aid for public investment in infrastructure); 
• in addition to public investment in the infrastructure sectors, investment resources are likely 
to be increasingly dedicated to economic investment for private sector development 
including: SME development, agricultural restructuring (including the agro-processing 
industry and fisheries) and regional development. The particular needs of the fisheries sector 
in the Baltic Sea Region, which until now has not noticeably benefited from Community aid, 
should be taken into account by the above measures; and 
• in as far as assistance from the EU and the Member States (the latter on a bi-lateral basis) is 
concerned the share of technical assistance specifically dedicated to the support of the process 
of European Integration (implementation of the Free Trade and Europe Agreements, adoption 
of the internal market acquis, and the related pre-accession activities) is expected to grow 
substantially vis-à-vis other forms of technical assistance. 
The information available at this moment would indicate that the total of the resources which 
could be made available for the period 1995-99, by the various providers of assistance to the 
Baltic Sea Region, amounts to 5,055 MECU. 
A breakdown is provided in Annex 4. 
9. Follow-up 
The Council is invited to note that, on the basis of currently available resources and the 
orientations highlighted in this report, the Commission, as a member of the Council of the Baltic 
Sea States (CBSS), intends to develop a long-term based Baltic Sea Region Initiative. 
BALT - bsrinv - 17 
This regional Initiative will provide for a wide range of opportunities for future programmes in 
many sectors of priority and will thus become, if adopted, a framework for individual donors, 
including the Union, for assistance to the Region. 
It will be prepared in close collaboration with all the partner countries around the Baltic Sea, as 
well as other donors and international financial institutions interested in developing cooperation 
in the Baltic Sea Region, for presentation to the Heads of State and Government of these 
countries at their conference scheduled to be held in Visby, Sweden in May 1996. 
BALT - bsrinv - 18 
ANNEX 1 
BALTIC SEA REGION - Assistance by EU Member States 
Table 1 
DENMARK 
Programme Area 
Ixonomic Inlrastr. & 
Services 
Social Inlrastr. & 
Services 
Production Sector 
Other 
Total 
of which on: 
Technical Assistance 
f xport Credit 
Private Investment 
Support 
Seetor Aid & Other - Allocations (MECU) 1991-94" 
Estonia 
7.14 
9.72 
3.47 
20.33 
14.95 
0.34 
0.75 
4.29 Latvia 
5.00 
9,83 
12.03 
26.86 
12.54 
5.83 
3.41 
5.08 Lithua­
nia 
18.97 
9.17 
6.92 
0.33 
35.39 
19.21 
11.20 
1.83 
3.16 Poland 
65.07 
9.11 
90.21 
115.54 
279.93 
45.38 
79.18 
57.40 
98.48 St. Peters 
burg 
0.1 
o.r 
0.1 Kalinin­
grad 
0.2 
0.2^ 
0.2 
Table 2 
FINLAND 
Programme Area 
Ixonomic Infrastr. & 
Services 
Social Infrastr. & 
Services 
Production Sector 
Other 
Total 
of which on: 
Technical Assistance 
1 export Credit 
Private Investment 
Support 
Sector Aid & Other Allocations (MECU) 1991-94'" 
Estonia 
27.85 
10.39 
9.71 
32.53 
80.49 
10.98 
25.97 
4.22 
39.34" Latvia 
10.21 
1.03 
2.41 
33.96 
47.62 
3.79 
23.95 
4.22 
15.66 Lithua­
nia 
10.02 
0.78 
1.93 
15.90 
28.63 
3.17 
4.48 
.4.22 
16.76 Poland 
16.88 
0.11 
1.03 
153.80" 
171.82 
0.66 
-
-
171.16 St. Peters 
burg Kalinin­
grad 
Conversion rate DKR-fXTJ (where applicable) - 7.27 (August 1995) 
Concerns 1994 ligures only; no data for the period 1990-93 
Concerns 1994 figures only; no data for the period 1990-93 
Conversion rate FMK-IÎCU (where applicable) = 5.67 (August 1995) 
Of which 142.88 MI-CU (93%) in the form of debt reorganisation 
Of which 7.48 (19%) in the form of investment projects 
BALT- bsrinv - 19 
ANNEX I (Continued) 
BALTIC SKA KM ; ION - Assistance by Ell Member States 
Table 3 
GERMANY 
Programme Area 
Ixonomic Infrastr. & 
Services 
Social Infrastr. & 
Services 
Production Sector 
Other 
Total 
of which on: 
Technical Assistance 
I- x port-Credit 
Private Investment 
Support 
Sector Aid & Other Allocations (MECU) 1991-94" 
Estonia 
2.69 
9.39 
1.60 
9.56 
23.25 
8.54 -
1.91 
3.15 
9.65 Latvia 
1.17 
10.31 
1.50 
20.55 
33.54 
8.77 
15.67 
0.10 
9,00 Lithua­
nia 
8.69 
10.77 
2.12 
58.54 
80.12 
17.89 
35.21 
19.45 
7.58 Poland 
18.05 
227.92 
24.49 
3979.12/u 
4250.18 
125.57 
807.86 
184.58 
3132.17 St. Peters 
burg Kalinin­
grad 
Tabic 4 
'.':••:•;•;.: :;mmtim®& .:.:£ 
Programme Area 
Ixonomic Infrastr. & 
Services 
Social Infrastr. & 
Services 
Production Sector 
Other 
total 
of which on: 
Technical Assistance 
f xport Credit 
Private Investment 
Support 
Sector Aid & Other Allocations (MECU) 1991-94" 
Estonia 
14.86 
9.10 
25.17 
49.45 
98.58 
20.37 
20.31 
-
57.89 Latvia 
_ 6.45 
. 10.37 
3.21 
31.62 
51.65 
14,13 
0.38 
-
37.14 Lithua­
nia 
20.14 
6.02 
20.08 
45.35 
91.58 
11.86 
17.49 
-
62.23 Poland 
37.03 
7.84 
93.50 
504.53" 
642.91 
53.02 
47.38 
26.44 
516.07 St. Peters 
burg Kalinin­
grad 
0.62 
1.72 
0.13 
2.47 
2.47 
Conversion rate DM-HCU (where applicable) = 1.87 (August 1995) 
Of which 2325.81 MfXTJ (58%) in the form of debt reorganisation 
Conversion rate SKR-IX U (where applicable) - 9.52 (August 1995) 
Of which 491.7 MfCU (98%) in the form of debt reorganisation 
BALT-bsrinv - 20 
ANNEX I (Continued^ 
BALTIC SEA RK(.ION Assistante by EU Mcwber States 
Ta&fe 5 
Programme Area 
Ixonomic Infrasfr. & 
\ Services 
Social Infrastr, & 
Services 
Production Sector 
Other 
Totaf 
of which on: 
\ Technical Assistance 
Itxport Credit 
Private Investment 
Support 
Sector Akf&'OHter. Âlfac*toilMM€ft}'§9*f-94 
' Estonia 
i 
[ i.m 
\ 22.37 
i 029 
i S7M 
5v42 
[ 25.09 
0 05 
I 
\ fr.33 Latvia 
f.43 
; f 93 
I 22.52- • 
I WM 
4469 
I &M 
\ imf' 
i -
I turn Littata-
Bia 
x.m 
2.32 
22.40 
•• mm 
-, mm 
. 7 M 
\ M,M 
\ wy1* 
: . 20ïS5 Poland 
81.39 
4@m 
256.03 
5,170:84 
SiSmm 
* I5&92 
; f,362:oo 
; IWïtë 
I JJF&.W St. Peters 
hatfg Kalinin- \ 
gratf ; 
> 
\ 
. ? 
i 
-
. .. 
• 
A#of wh*efrpw*idèrf% Spats 
AH of which provided hy Franse 
BAtt-bsrinv - 31 
BALTIC SKA RECION - Assistance by IFIs 
Table 1 ANNEX 2 
.•::'-:::-;';^--:-:E^:iiKx, 
Programme Area 
Ixonomic Infrastr. & 
Services 
Social Inlrastr. AL-
Services 
Production Sector 
Other 
Total 
of which on: 
Investment Projects 
Private Investment 
Support 
Sector Aid Loans (MECU) 1991-94 
Estonia 
42.00 
5.00 
47.00 
42.00 
5.00 Latvia 
5 00 
5.00 
5.00 Lithua­
nia 
10.00 
10.00 
10.00 Poland 
723.00 
13.00 
150.00 
886.00 
736.00 
150.00 St. Peters 
burg Kalinin­
grad 
lable 2 
EBRI> : • 
Programme Area 
Ixonomic Inlrastr. & 
Services 
Social Inlrastr. tV 
Services 
Production Sector 
Other 
Total 
of which on: 
Investment Projects 
Private Investment 
Support 
Sector Aid Loans (MECU) 1991-94 
Estonia 
80.56 
10 00 
90.56 
80.56 
10.00 Latvia 
51.99 
10.90 
62.89 
61.49 
1.40 Lithua­
nia 
74.90 
1.80 
76.70 
74.90 
1.80 Poland 
167.40 
2.70 
356.81 
57.70 
584.61 
558.21 
26.40 St. Peters 
l)u rg Kalinin­
grad 
HALT- bsrinv - 22 
IIALTIC SEA NEC ION Assistance by IFIs 
Tabic 3 ANNEX 2 (Continued) 
World Bank 
Proi» ram mc Area 
Ixonomic Infrastr. & 
Services 
Social Inlrastr. A: 
Services 
Production Sector 
( )iTier 
ToiaT"'" 
•/ which on: 
Investment Projects 
'Piivate Investment 
Support 
Other Loans (MECU) 1991-94 
Estonia 
42.03 
23.1 I 
65.14 
64.14 Latvia 
50.44 
34.67 
85.11 
85.1 Lithua­
nia 
28.08 
46.22 
74.30 
74.90 Poland ! Si. i'tlc-f' 
burg 
829.92 
,177.85 
619.87 
2,962.56 
2,342.69 
619.87 Kalinin­
grad 
able 4 
IMF 
Programme Area 
Ixonomic Inlrastr. & 
Services 
Social Inlrastr. & 
Services 
Production Sector 
Other 
Total 
< >f which on. 
Investment Projects 
Piivate Investment 
Support 
Sector Aid Loans (MECU) 1991-94 
Estonia 
44.18 
44.18 
44.18 Latvia 
141.49 
141.49 
141.49 Lithua­
nia 
316.57 
316.57 
.316.57 Poland 
3,337.65 
3,337.65 
3,337.56 St. Peters 
burg Kalinin­
grad 
i 
f — 
. 
HALT-bsrinv - 23 
ANNEX 3 
BALTIC SKA RKCilON - Assistance by Other G-24 Members (non-Kl ) 
fable 1 
C-24 (non-EU) 
Programme Area 
Ixonomic Infrastr. &. 
Services 
Social Infrastr. & 
Services 
Production Sector 
Other 
Total 
of which on: 
Technical Assistance 
fix port Credit 
Private Investment 
Support 
Sector Aid & Other Allocations (MECU) 1991-94 ' 
Estonia 
4.65 
5.70 
5.37 
104.28 
120.00 
22.33 
12.53 
1.43 
83.71 Latvia 
4.62 
4.73 
7.93 
150.56 
167.84 
23.00 
55.27 
2.21 
87.36 Lithua­
nia 
7.54 
5.60 
7.92 
144.75 
165.81 
28.88 
33.95 
2.27 
100.71 Poland 
61.60 
66.45 
55.45 
7,048,49" 
7,231.99 
382.10 
1,252.43 
256.03 
5,341.43 St. Peters 
burg Kalinin­
grad 
Conversion rate DKK-I1CU (where applicable) 7.27 (August 1995) 
Of which 3,756.20 MP1CU for debt reorganisation 
BALI -bsrinv - 24 
ANNEX 4 
IIALTIC SKA RIK.ION - Summary lables (Past, Current (1990-94) and Anticipated 
» (1995-99) Programmes of Major Donors (Ml ( I) . 
» Donor 
EU/PHARE Programme 
Poland 
Estonia 
Latvia 
Lithuania 
Multi-Country 
Cross Border 
Cooperation' 
1 lori/onlal 
Programmes 
Sub-Total - EU/PHARE 
EU/TACIS (St. Petersburg) 
(Kaliningrad) 
Sub-Total - EU/TACIS 
Eli /Structural 
Funds 1NTERREG H 
flCOS-Ouverture 
Other 
Sub-Total - ElJ/Structural Funds 
To IN KM PA<;I: Allocation 
1990*94 
152 
48.5 
67.5 
90 
94 
11 
2.0" 
465 
30 
10 
40 
1 
n.a 
(235) pm" 
1 
506 FOCIKT* 
EI/SO/PS/OS 
El/SO/PS/OS 
El/SO/PS/OS 
EI/SO/PS/OS 
EI/SO/PS 
EI/SO/PS 
EI/SO/PS 
El/PS 
IT/SO 
lll/SO 
n.a. 
• Indicative 
Allocation 
1995-99 
115 
105 
135 
190 
143 
80 
2.0" 
770 
n.a. 
n.a. 
p.m. 
170 
10 
(5,120) 
pm 
180 
950 Focus 
El/SO/PS/OS 
El/SO/PS/OS 
EI/SO/PS/OS 
EI/SO/PS/OS 
EI/SO/PS 
Il l/SO/PS 
EI/SO/PS/OS 
n.a. 
n.a. 
El/SO 
El SO 
11I/SO/PS/OS 
Rounded lo nearest '000 
111 Economic Infrastructure (Transport, Communications, Environment, Energy) 
SO Social Infrastructure (Education, Health, Public Administration) 
PS Production Sector (Agriculture, fisheries, Industry, Trade, Banking and Tourism) 
OS Other Sectors (Multi-sector, Macro-economic Assistance, Structural Adjustment, Debt 
Reorganisation, Food and Emergency Aid, NGO Support) 
CBC Programmes started in 1994 
PIIARE Horizontal Programmes are: Democracy, EIEN, Partnership and Civil Society 
Allocation for the Partnership programme only 
Allocation tor the Partnership programme only 
t lp to 1993; all Objectives; not included in totals in this table 
Period 1994; all Objectives; not included in totals in this table 
BALL-bsrinv 25 
ANNEX 4 (Continued) 
BALTIC SEA RECION - Summary Tables (Past, Current (1990-94) and Anticipated 
(1995-99) Programmes of Major Donors (MECU) 
Donor Programme 
FROM PKLYIOHS PM.V. 
Ell/Community 
Programmes 
El 1 Stability Pact 
•Ell/Balance of 
Payment Support LIFE I & 11 
Various 
Central Bank 
Reserves/Imports 
Sirb-Total-EU 
Denmark 
Ein land 
Ccrniany 
Sweden 
Other KC 
Member Stales Bi-lateral; " 
Export (rtiafitntees 
Bi-lateral 
Various 
BITS;SH>A; 
SwedeCoçp; otlter 
Various 
Sub-Total - EU Member States 
IMF 
El H 
EBRD 
lliRD(WB) 
NIB 
Sab-Total-IFIs' 
C-24 (non-EU) 
CRAND TOTAL - ALL DONORS Allocution 
1990-94 
T*IF© 
If" 
p.m. 
22tT(pm) 
737 
. 177 
183 
426 
264 
488 
1,538 
3,800 (pm) 
194 
318" 
669 
98 
1,279 
980 
4,534 Focus* 
111 
SO/OS 
EÏ/SO/PS/OS 
EI/SO/PS/OS 
EI/SO/PS/OS 
El/SO/PS/OS 
EI/SO/PS/OS 
OS 
IT/SO 
EI/SO 
EI/SO/OS 
El 
El/SO/PS/OS Indicative 
Allocation 
UWS-99 
950 
p.m. 
p.m. 
-
950 
175 
200 
425 
315 
.. '190 
1,605 
-
400 
600" 
700 
100 
1,800 
700 
5,055 Focus 
ill 
so/so -
n.a. 
El/SO/PS/OS 
EI/SO/PS/OS 
EI/SO/PS/OS 
EI/SO/PS/OS 
EI/SO/PS/OS 
OS 
El/SO 
EI/SO 
El/SO/OS 
EI 
EI/SO/PS/OS 
Rounded to nearest '000 
111 Economic Infrastructure (Transport, Communications, Environment, Energy) 
SO Social Infrastructure (Education, Health, Public Administration) 
PS Production Sector (Agriculture, Fisheries, Industry, Trade, Banking and Tourism) 
OS Other Sectors (Multi-sector, Macro-economic Assistance, Structural Adjustment, Debt 
Reorganisation, food and Emergency Aid, NGO Support) 
Estimate, baseil on a 50% share of an allocation of 5% of 450 MECU available for prognmmies 
in the Baltic Sea and Mediterranean Regions (no separate quota for the Baltic Sea Region exists, 
as funding is provided on the basis of submission of suitable projects). 
No separate funding set aside for the Baltic Sea Region; participation in Ell II activities 
dependent upon contributions from national budgets and/or PHARE funds, 
p.m. pro memoria; no separate allocations,but funded from existing programmes 
50% of total allocation of 5X5 MliCU, does not include the Polish Stabilisation fund and Debt Rebel 
for Poland; sum not included in totals. 
Estimate. 
Estimate. 
Does not include IMP Standby Agreements and EC/G-24 Balance of Payments Support 
BALI -bsrinv - 26 
^^X^^mU,y^Hê»^i-- -•*• 
ISSN Q254-1475 
s 
mt : il 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-95-680-EN-C 
ISBN 92-77-97402-8 
Officefor Officiai Publications of tbe European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembouij