COMVIISSION OF THE EUROPEAN CCMVIUNITIES 
m t <r C0M(94) 67 final 
Brussels, 10.03.1994 
ill 
m REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION 
under Council Decision 93/389/EEC 
FIRST EVALUATION OF EXISTING NATIONAL PROGRAMMES 
UNDER THE MONITORING MECHANISM OF COMMUNITY 
C02 AND OTHER GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 
F \ 
1 
1 r vi 
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1. INTRODUCTION 
In the period 1990-93, the Council on several cases asked the 
Member States to prepare national programmes for the control of 
C02 and other greenhouse gas emissions. Following the 
conclusions of the Joint Council on Environment and Energy of 13 
December 1991 the Commission received between April 1992 and March 
1993 such national reports. 
In June 1992 In Rio de Janeiro the Community and the Member States 
signed the Framework Convention on Climate Change. The procedure 
for the Community ratification of the Convention is under way with 
the Commission proposal transmitted to the Council on 14 December 
1992<1) 
On 24 June 1993, the European Council of Ministers adopted the 
Decision for a monitoring mechanism of Community C02 and other 
greenhouse gas emissions. One important issue outlined in the 
monitoring Decision is the achievement of the Community 
stabilisation target of C02 emissions in the year 2000. In this 
respect, the Decision requires, inter alia, the Member States to 
devise, publish and implement national programmes for limiting 
their emissions of carbon dioxide in order to contribute to this 
Community objective, but also to the fulfilment of the commitment 
relating to the limitation of CO2 and other greenhouse gas 
emissions in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. 
One of the first steps in the implementation of the monitoring 
Decision concerns the first evaluation of existing national 
programmes in order to assess whether progress in the Community as 
a whole is sufficient to ensure fulfilment of the two above 
mentioned commitments. This evaluation is the responsibility of 
the Commission. 
As foreseen by Article 5 of the Decision, the Commission's first 
assessment is based on the existing National Programmes that have 
been sent to it up to 7 August 1993. However, two revised national 
programmes and some additional background information for some of 
the programmes, that were communicated to the Commission 
subsequently, have been fully taken into account in this report. 
As far as the existing national programmes are concerned, neither 
the conclusions of the Joint Council on Environment and Energy of 
13 December 1991 nor the monitoring Decision contain any mandatory 
requirements or recommendations for a minimum set of information 
concerning the elements that should be included in the national 
programmes. Due to this lack of detailed specification of common 
contents and structure for the national programmes, the existing 
national programmes are far from being complete, comparable and 
transparent, making their evaluation difficult. 
(1) COM (92) 508 final 
The Committee of the Council Decision 93/389/EEC met for the first 
time on 29 September 1993. The implementation of the terms of the 
Decision through the close cooperation of the Commission with the 
Committee of the Member States will allow the elaboration of the 
terms for the further development of national programmes in a way 
that will allow their easier comparison and evaluation. 
2. CONTENTS OF NATIONAL PROGRAMMES 
In order to assess whether progress in the Community as a whole is 
sufficient to ensure fulfilment of Community and UN commitments, 
two key questions were addressed in the evaluation of national 
programmes, namely: 
whether the Member States have already taken concrete actions 
for the implementation of the measures described in their 
national programmes, and if so 
whether the effect of these national measures on CO2 
emissions are sufficient to achieve the Community CO2 
stabiIisat ion target. 
The basic requirement for answering these questions is that the 
national programmes contain four types of information: 
1. The level of carbon dioxide emissions in 1990 and the C02 
emission objective for the year 2000; 
2. The policies and measures which will contribute to the 
limitation of C02 emissions; 
3. The institutional, administrative and legal arrangements for 
making policies operational as well as the targeted sources and 
sectors; 
4. An evaluation of the effects of measures and policies on C02 
emissions. 
Apart from this core information, additional requirements are 
necessary to ensure the transparency of the national programmes so 
that the Commission can improve its understanding and can then 
conduct their evaluation in relation with the Community 
stabilisation target. These requirements include disaggregated 
emission and energy data (by fuel and by sector), emission factors, 
assumptions regarding the development of basic indicators (e.g. 
GDP, population), and, possibly, details on the methodology used to 
assess the effect of measures on the emissions. 
3. EXISTING NATIONAL PROGRAMMES 
Member States are in very different stages of development of their 
national programmes for the limitation of carbon dioxide emissions. 
A few Member States have Government plans approved by their 
Parliaments. Some plans are either the result of inter ministerial 
co-ordination only or they are closely related to national energy 
policies and forecasts; most of them are not in a final stage of 
development either because the debate is 
still open at the national level or due to the non-availability of 
key elements of the programmes. Finally, some Member States have 
yet to establish their programmes. 
The full list of reports and materials forwarded to the Commission 
by the Member States to date is given in Annex I. Most of them 
were forwarded to the Commission following the conclusions of the 
Joint Council on Environment and Energy on 13 December 1991. Only 
four countries submitted to the Commission new documents in the 
framework of the Council Decision 93/389/EEC (Belgium, Germany, 
Italy, UK). 
4. METHODOLOGY FOR THE EVALUATION OF EXISTING NATIONAL PROGRAMMES 
As already mentioned above, most of the existing national 
programmes are far from being complete and sufficiently detailed. 
Consequently, it is difficult to assess them quantitatively in 
terms of the Community stabilisation target of C02 emissions. 
Therefore, the objective of this first evaluation of the national 
programmes is twofold: first, to focus on the shortcomings and 
weaknesses of the existing reports in order to identify the areas 
for improvement for the updates of national programmes and second, 
to make a qualitative assessment of whether the Community 
stabilisation target of C02 emissions is likely to be achieved in 
the year 2000 on the basis of information contained in the 
existing reports. 
5. FIRST EVALUATION OF EXISTING NATIONAL PROGRAMMES 
5.1. Information sheets on existing national programmes 
Twelve information sheets have been elaborated on the basis of 
existing national programmes. They gather three types of 
informat ion: 
general information on the report (date of reception, nature of 
the report,...); 
C02 emission objective; 
a brief description of the contents of national reports. 
These sheets have been forwarded to the Member States in the 
beginning of October 1993 so that the accuracy of the information 
contained could be checked. The feedback from the Member States 
on the contents of the fiches was received by the end of October 
1993. The revised information sheets are in Annex II. 
5.2. The national programmes 
Only two Member States have completed a full and specific 
programme to achieve their target, i.e. Denmark and The 
Nether lands. 
Some Member States have described a concrete set of measures 
already adopted or planned to limit their C02 emissions but they 
are still discussing the additional actions and instruments 
required to achieve their targets, i.e. Germany, Italy and 
Luxembourg. Spain has drawn a plan closely related to national 
energy policies. Other Member States have made several detailed 
proposals that should serve to achieve their C02 limitation 
objective, i.e. France, Ireland and the United Kingdom1-, but they 
have not achieved a great degree of integration of their measures 
to a coherent national programme. Finally, some Member States are 
still in the initial stage of identifying the measures which could 
be envisaged for limiting their C02 emissions i.e. Belgium, 
Greece and Portugal. 
5.3. The national C02 emission objectives 
All Member States have specified C02 emission objective in their 
national programmes. However, only some of them committed 
themselves to specific C02 reduction targets, i.e. Belgium, 
Denmark, Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Others provide 
C02 emission objectives in accordance with energy forecasts 
resulting from a package of energy policy measures, i.e. Greece, 
Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. The United Kingdom is prepared 
to return C02 emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000, and 
France has set the objective to keep the level of C02 emissions 
per capita below 2 tonnes of carbon per year. 
One major difficulty in assessing whether national C02 objectives 
as a whole are sufficient to achieve the Community stabilisation 
target, is the absence of a C02 limitation objective or forecast 
for the year 2000 in the German programme. It is all the more so 
since Germany accounts for some 30% of total Community C02 
emissions. 
5.4. Contents of the national programmes concerning other 
greenhouse gases 
The national programmes all focuse on C02. Some of them also 
contain measures for other greenhouse gases. Regarding methane, 
Denmark, Germany, Greece, France, Ireland, Luxembourg and The 
Netherlands mention methane in their national programmes. Only The 
Netherlands has set a specific reduction target for methane. The 
other above mentioned countries primarily focuse on actions 
designed to reduce methane from waste management. However, the 
described measures appear to be far from being realised through 
concrete actions. More information needs to be submitted on 
concrete actions and targets. In addition, inventories need to be 
done on greenhouse gases other than C02 especially methane and 
ni trous ox ide. 
1. in January 1994 the United Kingdom published and sent to the 
Commission a fuller more comprehensive report on the control of C02 and 
other greenhouse gases, which is not taken into account in this report. 
5.5. Comments on the contents 
Although most of the Member States have described with more or less 
detail the measures already taken, adopted or planned to limit 
their C02 emissions, only few of them have stated clearly the 
institutional, administrative and legal arrangements for 
implementing these measures and evaluated the effects of measures 
on C02 emissions in the year 2000. These two types of 
information are, however, of particular relevance for the 
Commission evaluation on whether progress in the Community as a 
whole is sufficient to ensure fulfilment of the commitments 
referred to in Article 2 of the Council Decision. 
6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 
The major conclusion from this first evaluation of national 
programmes is that there is no guarantee that the commitments 
referred to in Article 2 of the Council Decision will be achieved. 
Thus at this stage of implementing the monitoring mechanism, 
concrete measures based on complementary national programmes are 
unlikely to be sufficient to reach the stabilisation target. For 
these reasons more consideration should be given to other parts of 
the Community strategy, in particular the C02/energy tax 
proposal, which is more cost-effective. 
However, current national programmes do not provide the minimum 
information required to assess whether progress in the Community 
as a whole is sufficient to ensure the stabilisation of C02 
emissions by 2000 at 1990 levels. Indeed, one Member State has not 
specified C02 emission figures for the year 2000. National plans 
are in very different stages of implementation and most of them are 
in an early stage of development. Furthermore, the status of the 
measures described is not always stated clearly; that is, 
information on whether these measures are taken, planned or still 
under discussion is not provided. The statement of institutional, 
administrative and legal arrangements for making policies 
operational as well as an evaluation of the effect of measures and 
policies on C02 emissions are usually missing. 
In the light of the above conclusion, the Commission recommends 
that for the subsequent evaluation of progress (Article 6 of the 
Decision), each Member State provides the Commission with a 
national programme based on a more detailed and harmonised format. 
Besides the minimum information required (see Annex II of this 
report), the full contents of national programmes will depend on 
procedures and methods for the evaluation of national programmes to 
be established by the Commission in consultation with the Committee 
of the Member States. Proposed methods were discussed with the 
representatives of the Member States at the first meeting of the 
Committee on 29 September 1993. 
The ultimate goal of this exercise will be to develop national 
programmes that will become comprehensive strategies for the 
control of Co2 and other greenhouse gases, instead of mere lists 
of measures to be taken. 
ANNEX 
NATIONAL PROGRAMMES 
List of reports and documents forwarded to the Commission by the Member 
States in the framework of Council Decision 93/389/EEC. 
\ 
21.10.93 
Existing National Programmes 
Country 
Belgium 
Denmark 
France 
Germany 
Greece Title 
First Outline of a Belgian National C02 Programme 
Danish Plans to Limit Emissions of C02 and Other 
Greenhouse Gases 
Premiers éléments pour un programme français de 
lutte contre l'effet de serre 
Environment Policy - Climate Protection in Germany - National 
Report of the Federal Government for the Federal Republic of 
Germany in anticipation of Article 12 of the United Nations 
Framework Convention on Climate Change. An information 
paper from the Federal Environment Ministry 
National Programme for the reduction of C02 emissions -
Interim report Date 
25-May-92 
28-Apr-92 
l-Jun-93 
Aug.93 
Dec.92 Annexes/additional documents 
1) Energy scenarios 2010 for Belgium - 1992; work supported by the 
Ministry of Economic Affairs, Energy Programme. 
2) C02 emission reduction strategies in Belgium - 1993; work 
supported by the Belgian Science Policy Office, under the "Global 
Change" programme. 
3) Les politiques régionales d'utilisation rationnelle de l'énergie -
1993, Ministry of Economie Affairs. 
4) Instruments scientifiques pouvant servir de soutien à la politique 
en ce qui concerne la problématique des gaz à effet de serre: Les 
modèles de reduction du C02 - 1993; Belgian Science Policy Office. 
no 
Bilans et perspectives des émissions françaises de C02, 
Ministère de l'industrie et du commerce extérieur, février 1993 
Environmental Policy - Information from the Federal Ministry for the 
Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety: 
1) Comparative analysis of the C02 reduction potentials and 
proposed actions specified in the reports presented by the Enquête 
Commission on "Preventive Measures to Protect the Earth's 
Atmosphere" and in Decisions adopted by the German Federal 
Government; 
2) Ermiltlung und Bewertung von C02-Minderungspotentialen 
in den Bundeslàndern der Bundesrepublik Deutschland; 
3) Beschluss der Bundesregierung vom 7 November 1990 zur 
Reduzierung der C02-Emissionen in der Bundesrepubliek 
Deutschland bis zum Jahr 2005; 
4) Beschluss der Bundesregierung vom 11 Dezember 1991: 
Verminderung der energiebedingten C02-Emissionen in der 
Bundesrepubliek Deutschland. 
no 
21.10.93 
Country 
Ireland 
Italy 
Luxembourg 
The Netherlands 
Portugal 
Spain 
UK Title 
Ireland - Climate Change C02 Abatement Strategy 
National programme for stabilizing emissions of carbon 
dioxide in Italy by 2000 at 1990 levels - First revision. Ministry 
of the Environment. 
Programme national luxembourgeois de lutte contre 
les émissions de C02 
Measures taken within the Netherlands'National Programme 
on Climate Change 
Portugal's programme to reduce emissions of C02 
National programme to limit C02 emissions 
1) Climate Change - Report on United Kingdom national 
programme for limiting carbon dioxide emissions. 
2) Climate Change, Our National Programme for C02 emissions, 
A Discussion Document. 
3) Climate Change, Our National Programme for C02 emissions, 
Addendum to the discussion document. 
4) Climate Change, Our National Programme for C02 emissions, 
Report of Conference held at the QEII Conference Center 
5) Climate change: completing Britain's C02 programme Date 
Dec.92 
7-Oct-93 
l-Mar-93 
3-Mar-92 
20-May-92 
l-Jul-92 
14-May-92 
Dec.92 
Apr.93 
7-May-93 
26-Jul-93 Annexes/additional documents 
no 
1) The National Energy Plan for 1988 
2) Laws 9 and 10 
Programme de l'agence de l'énergie (année 1993 et suivantes) 
Agence de l'énergie S.A. 
no 
no 
no 
1) The Environment White Paper, "This Common Inheritance" 
(September 1990); First and second year reports on the White Paper. 
2) Energy Paper (EP) 59, "Energy related carbon dioxide emissions 
in possible future scenarios for the United Kingdom, 1992. 
ANNEX 
IMPLEMENTATION SHEETS 
of Member States existing programmes for limiting CO2 and other 
greenhouse gas emission. 
BELGIUM 
Existing National Programme for limiting C02 emissions 
General information: 
Title: First Outline of a Belgian National Programme 
Date of reception of the report: 25 May, 1992 
Report forwarded by: 
Nature of report: 
Background reports: the Belgian Environment Minister 
not a Government decision; 
the report contains an inventory of measures already under way 
as well as measures conceivable as a function of estimated C02 
reduction potentials. 
- "Energy Scenarios 2010 for Belgium", 1992. Work supported 
by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Energy Programme; 
- "C02 emission reduction strategies in Belgium", 1993. Work 
supported by the Belgian Science Policy Office, under the 
"Global Change" programme; 
- "Les politiques régionales d'utilisation rationnelle de l'énergie", 
1993, Ministry of Economie Affairs; 
- "Instruments scientifiques pouvant servir de soutien à la 
politique en ce qui concerne la problématique des gaz à effet de 
serre: Les modèles de réduction des émissions de C02", 1993, 
Belgian Science Policy Office. 
These reports constitute a first step towards a national 
programme. 
C02 emission objective: 
Target: 
target year: 
base year: 
Comment: reduction by 5% 
2000 
1990 
Government' commitment taken at the Belgian Council of 
Ministers on 6 June 1991. 
Contents: 
1) Basic infomation 
• C02 emissions (Mt) 
in 1990: detailed information available 
1-1 
in 2000: 
methodology used: 
measures/instruments to limit C02 emissions 
description: 
of 
targeted sectors: 
statement of institutional, administrative 
and legal arrangements for making policies 
operational: 
• evaluation of the effects of measures on 
C02 emissions 
expected outcome: 
methodology: information for several scenarios 
CORINAIR and IPCC 
the report contains a detailed description 
measures which are envisaged 
all (in particular transport, residential, 
tertiary, industry, agriculture and 
biomass) 
some information, namely the 
introduction of an energy tax on the 12 
July 1993 
information available for several scenarios 
and for the period 1993-2000 
information available 
2) Additional information 
Belgium provided additional information based on three energy scenarios developed for the 
Administration of Energy ("Energy scenarios 2010 for Belgium", CES, KUL, 1992). It includes 
figures on energy consumption and C02 emissions by fuel and by sector for the year 1990 and 
scenario dependent figures for the year 2000 as well as information on assumptions underlying 
the forecasts. 
A2 
DENMARK 
Existing National Programme for limiting C02 emissions 
General information: 
Tide: Danish Plans to Limit Emissions of C02 and Other Greenhouse 
Gases. 
Date of reception of the report: 28 April, 1992 
the Environment Ministry with contributions from Energy 
and Transport Ministries 
follows a Government's decision in 1990; 
the action programme contains a series of initiatives already 
under way or in preparation; 
1 ) "Energy 2000" action plan for sustainable development 
published by the Danish Government in April 1990; 
2) Long-term transport action plan adopted by the Government 
in May 1990. Report forwarded by: 
Nature of report: 
Background reports: 
C02 emission objective: 
Target: 
target year: 
base year: 
Comment: reduction by 20% 
2005 
1988 
Danish Parliament decision in May 1990. The Government has 
recently adopted the target of reducing C02 emissions by 5% in 
2000 with respect to 1990 level. 
Contents: 
1) Basic infomation 
• C02 emissions (Mt) 
in 1990: 
in 2000: 
methodology used: information available 
information available 
some information 
• measures/instruments to limit C02 emissions 
description: the report contains a detailed description of 
initiatives already under way or in preparation. 
The reduction programme which started in 
1990 includes a wide range of measures such 
as economic instruments (e.g. C02 tax, 
financial support), regulatory measures (e.g. 
13 
energy labelling scheme), information 
campaigns to promote energy savings and 
specific measures in the power generation 
sector, 
targeted sectors: all 
• statement of institutional, administrative 
and legal arrangements for making policies 
operational: the report gives a quite detailed information on 
the state of implementation of the measures. 
• evaluation of the effects of measures on 
C02 emissions 
expected outcome: no information available for the year 2000 
methodology: no information 
2) Additional information 
The repon contains also some information on assumptions related to the growth rate of GDp and 
the evolution of fuel prices and on the economic impact of the measures. Additional information 
on methodologies and figures on C02 emissions and the impact of measures on C02 emissions 
in 2000 can be provided. Detailed energy and emission figures (by sector and by fuel) for the 
years 1990 and 2000 can also be made available. 
The national plans are currently scrutinised to see whether there is a need for new actions to meet 
the targets. 
GERMANY 
Existing National Programme for limiting C02 emissions 
General information: 
Title: Environment Policy - Climate Protection in Germany - National 
Report of the Federal Government for the Federal Republic of 
Germany in anticipation of Article 12 of the United Nations 
Convention on Climate Change. 
Date of reception of the report: August 1993 
Report forwarded by: 
Nature of report: 
Background reports: the German Federal Government 
built on the three Government decisions mentioned below; 
it will also serve as national communication in the framework of 
the United Nations Convention on Climate Change 
the report gives a comprehensive list of strategies and measures 
that are already or are planned to be taken to meet the reduction 
target. 
Environmental Policy - Information from the Federal 
Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear 
Safety: 
1) Comparative analysis of the C02 reduction potentials and 
proposed actions specified in the reports presented by the 
Enquête Commission on "Preventive Measures to Protect the 
Earth's Atmosphere" and in Decisions adopted by the German 
Federal Government; 
2) Ermittlung und Bewertung von C02-Minderungspotentialen 
in den Bundeslandern der Bundesrepublik Deutschland; 
3) Beschluss der Bundesregierung vom 7 November 1990 zur 
Reduzierung der C02-Emissionen in der Bundesrepubliek 
Deutschland bis zum Jahr 2005; 
4) Beschluss der Bundesregierung vom 11 Dezember 1991: 
Verminderung der energiebedingten C02-Emissionen in der 
Bundesrepubliek Deutschland. 
Outcome of the work of the Inter-ministerial Task Force "C02 
reduction" and its five "sectoral" Working Parties established by 
Government decision of 13 June 1990. 
C02 emission objective: 
Target: 
target year: 
base year: 
Comment: 25 to 30% reduction 
2005 
1987 
Government decisions of 13 June 1990, 7 November 1990 
and 11 December 1991. 
Decision of the German Bundestag of 27 September 1991. There 
is no target specified for the year 2000. 
Contents: 
1) Basic infomation 
• C02 emissions (Mt) 
in 1990: 
in 2000: 
methodology used: 
• measures/instruments 
description: 
targeted sectors: information available 
information not available 
CORINAIR 
to limit C02 emissions 
the report contains an exhaustive list of 
individual measures elaborated and decided for 
implementing the national C02 reduction 
programme. The German strategy includes a 
wide range of measures like economic 
instruments (e.g. EC-wide C02/energy tax, 
mineral oil tax, motor vehicle tax, fee table for 
architects and engineers, tax incentives, 
financial supports, labelling, voluntary 
agreements, joint implementation or financing 
schemes), regulatory measures (e.g. thermal 
insulation ordinance, ordinance on small firing 
installations, ordinance on heating facilities, 
ordinance on heat use, energy management 
Act, packaging ordinance, technical 
instructions on waste from human settlements), 
promotion programmes (e.g. for the 
development of renewables and a more 
rational use of energy), and "soft measures" 
(e.g. information, advices, education), 
all (private households, small size users, 
transport industry, energy industry, agriculture 
and forestry, waste management). 
# ié 
statement of institutional, administrative 
and legal arrangements for making policies 
operational: 
evaluation of the effects of measures on 
C02 emissions 
expected outcome: 
methodology: the report contains information on the state of 
implementation of the programme. In 
particular, it makes the distinction between 
measures already introduced (since 1990), 
measures for which implementation will take 
place in current legislative period and those 
which are still under discussion. 
information available 
"bottom-up" approach 
2) Additional information 
The report also contains detailed data on framework conditions (economic development, 
population,...) and national inventories of greenhouse gases. Detailed information on the impact 
of measures on C02 emissions is not available in the report but in additional publications 
(studies of the Enquête-Commission "Preventive measures to protect the earth's atmosphere"). A 
comprehensive overview about all measures decided by the Federal Government is given in the 
background reports. 
/ 
GREECE 
Existing National Programme for limiting C02 emissions 
Report forwarded by: 
Nature of report: General information: 
Title: National Programme for the Reduction of C02 Emissions, 
Interim Report. 
Date of reception of the report: December 1992 
the Ministry of the Environment, Physical Planning and 
Public Works. 
not a Government decision; 
it is an interim report compiled on the basis of programmes 
drawn up by various Ministries (Industry, Energy & 
Technology, Transport and Communication) and the energy 
programme elaborated by the public power corporation. The 
main objectives of these programmes are to reduce energy 
consumption and promote low-carbon based electricity 
generation. 
Background reports: no information 
C02 emission objective: 
Target: 
target year: 
base year: 
Comment: 25% increase 
2000 
1990 
the C02 emission objective for 2000 is an outcome of energy 
forecasts resulting from a package of energy and transport 
policy measures already taken or planned. 
Contents: 
1) Basic infomation 
• C02 emissions (Mt) 
in 1990: 
in 2000: 
methodology used: 
• measures/instruments to limit C02 emissions 
description: information available 
information available 
multiplication of energy consumption 
figures with C02 emission coefficients 
compilation of measures already taken 
or planned in the framework of the 
targeted sectors: 
statement of institutional, administrative 
and legal arrangements for making policies 
operational: 
evaluation of the effects of measures on 
C02 emissions 
expected outcome: 
methodology: programmes drawn up by the various 
Ministries and electric utilities 
all 
some information 
some detailed information by sector 
no information 
2) Additional information 
The report contains quite disaggregated energy consumption and C02 emission figures for the 
year 1990 as well as forecasts for the year 2000 corresponding to the measures described. 
Additional information on the assumptions underlying the forecasts, C02 emission coefficients 
and the methodology used to evaluate the effect of the measures on C02 emissions are also 
available. 
f • 
FRANCE 
Existing National Programme for limiting C02 emissions 
General information: 
Title: Premiers éléments pour un programme français de lutte contre 
l'effet de serre. 
Date of reception of the report: 1 June 1993 
Report forwarded by: 
Nature of the report: 
Background report: the Minister of Environment 
The report results from an inter-ministerial coordination; it has 
been approved by the Government in March 1993. 
The report constitutes a first step towards a national programme 
to reduce the greenhouse effect. 
Report of the Inter ministerial Group on the greenhouse effect 
set up in September 1989 (November 1990) 
C02 emission objective: 
Target: 
target year: 
base year: 
Comment: 2 tonnes of carbon per capita 
2000 
this objective has been set in the Communication of Mr. Brice 
Lalonde at the French Council of Ministers on 18 July 1991. 
Given the upward forecasts of the number of inhabitants and the 
figure of 1.86 t C/cap in 1990, the French target would lead 
to an increase of C02 emissions of 13% in 2000 compared with 
1990 level. 
Contents: 
1) Basic infomation 
• C02 emissions (Mt) 
in 1990: 
in 2000: 
methodology used: 
• measures/instruments to limit C02 emissions 
description: information available 
information available for several scenarios 
CITEPA's methodology (for 1990) 
the report contains a detailed description 
of measures which are envisaged to 
achieve the C02 target 
LO 
targeted sectors: all - particular focus on transport and 
energy production from biomass 
statement of institutional, administrative 
and legal arrangements for making policies 
operational: 
evaluation of the effects of measures on 
C02 emissions 
expected outcome: 
methodology: no information as there is no decision 
yet on concrete measures and instuments 
no information 
no information 
2) Additional information 
The report gives some energy consumption and C02 emission figures for the year 2000 resulting 
from scenario analyses. It contains also rather aggregated C02 emission coefficients. 
2\ 
IRELAND 
Existing National Programme for limiting C02 emissions 
General information: 
Tide: Ireland - Climate Change - C02 Abatement Strategy 
Date of reception of the report: December 1992 
Report forwarded by: the Department of the Environment 
Nature of report: 
the report details how the C02 objective should be achieved. 
However, a group has been set up to monitor implementation of 
the above programme. 
Background reports: no 
C02 emission objective: 
Target: 
target year: 
base year: 
Comment: 20% increase 
2000 
1990 
outcome of Ireland's C02 abatement strategy. 
Contents: 
1) Basic infomation 
• C02 emissions (Mt) 
in 1990: 
in 2000: 
methodology used: 
• measures/instruments to limit C02 emissions 
description: 
targeted sectors: 
statement of institutional, administrative 
and legal arrangements for making policies 
operational: 
evaluation of the effects of measures on 
C02 emissions 
expected outcome: 
methodology: information available 
information available 
no information 
the report contains a quite detailed list of 
measures that should serve to achieve 
the target 
all 
the implementation stage has 
commenced 
on total C02 emissions only 
no information 
• 2 2-
2) Additional information 
Ireland can provide additional information on methodologies, emission factors and is working on 
the preparation of disaggregated emission and energy data, and assumptions regarding the 
development of basic indicators. 
23 
ITALY 
Existing National Programme for limiting C02 emissions 
General information: 
Title: National Programme for stabilizing emissions of carbon dioxide 
in Italy by 2000 at 1990 levels - First revision 
Date of reception of the report: 7 October 1993 
Report forwarded by: 
Nature of report: 
Background reports: the Italian Environment Minister 
not a Government decision; 
the report constitutes the first revision, elaborated by the 
Ministry of Environment, of the national plan for stabilising 
emissions of C02 in Italy by 2000 at 1990 levels. It describes 
the measures already adopted as well as the additional measures 
required in order to stabilise C02 emissions. 
The national stabilisation programme has been prepared on 
the basis of the 1988 National Energy Plan (NEP) and its 
1991 up-date, the Laws n°9 &10 of 1991 and expert studies. 
C02 emission objective: 
Target: 
target year: 
base year: 
Comment: stabilisation 
2000 
1990 
proposed target. 
Contents: 
1) Basic infomation 
• C02 emissions (Mt) 
in 1990: 
in 2000: 
methodology used: 
• measures/instruments to limit C02 emissions 
description: 
targeted sectors: information available 
information available 
no information 
the report enumerates the measures 
already adopted and the additional 
measures proposed in order to meet the 
C02 objective, 
all 
fl^ 
statement of institutional, administrative 
and legal arrangements for making policies 
operational: 
evaluation of the effects of measures on 
C02 emissions 
expected outcome: 
methodology: some information 
very detailed information 
no information 
2) Additional information 
More information on the institutional, administrative and legal arrangements taken for making 
part of the measures operational is provided in the National Energy Plans and in the Laws 9&10. 
Rather detailed energy and emission figures for the years 1990 and 2000 are likely to be 
available as well as information on the methodologies used for the emission computation and for 
the assessment of the impact of measures on C02 emissions. 
2 5 
LUXEMBOURG 
Existing National Programme for limiting C02 emissions 
General information: 
Title: Programme national luxembourgeois de lutte contre les 
émissions de C02. 
Date of reception of the report: March 1993 
Ministère de l'Aménagement du Territoire et de 
l'Environnement 
Government decision; 
it is a preliminary report giving a list of measures already 
adopted and planned. The report will be discussed soon in the 
Parliament. 
Background reports: no information Report forwarded by: 
Nature of the report: 
C02 emission objective: 
Target-
target year: 
base year: 
Comment: stabilisation 
2000 (at the latest) 
1990 
Government commitment (26 October 1990). It also 
includes the reduction of C02 emissions by at least 20% by the 
year 2005. 
Contents: 
1) Basic infomation 
• C02 emissions (Mt) 
in 1990: 
in 2000: 
methodology used: information available 
information available 
CORINAIR 
measures/instruments to limit C02 emissions 
description: the report contains a list of measures already 
adopted and planned. The programme focuses 
on the rational use of energy, energy efficiency 
improvements, the use of renewable energies 
and combined heat and power production, 
changes in the structure of the iron and steel 
'u 
targeted sectors: 
statement of institutional, administrative 
and legal arrangements for making policies 
operational: 
evaluation of the effects of measures on 
C02 emissions 
expected outcome: 
methodology: industry and the modernisation of transport 
infrastructures 
all 
The report gives a clear picture of the legal 
framework of most of the measures described 
above 
rather detailed information 
just quoted ("Energy Model of Luxembourg") 
2) Additional information 
More detailed information on methodologies, energy and emission figures for the years 1990 & 
2000 and basic assumptions is available. 
22 
PORTUGAL 
Existing National Programme for limiting C02 emissions 
General information: 
Title: Portugal's Programme to Reduce Emissions of C02. 
Date of reception of the report: 20 May 1992 
Report forwarded by: 
Nature of report: 
Background reports: Minister of the Environment and Natural Resources 
not a Government decision; 
the report is based on NEP scenario results which reflect the 
impact of specific non-fiscal measures on curbing the growth in 
C02 emissions. 
National Energy Plan (NEP) published by the Government in 
February 1992. 
C02 emission objectives: 
Target: 
target year: 
base year: 
Comment: increase by 30 to 40% 
2000 
1990 
the C02 emission objective results from scenarios in the 
National Energy Plan (NEP). The lower increase corresponds to 
a medium GDP growth scenario and the higher increase to a 
high GDP growth scenario. 
Contents: 
1) Basic infomation 
• C02 emissions (Mt) 
in 1990: 
in 2000: 
methodology used: 
• measures/instruments to limit C02 emissions 
description: 
targeted sectors: 
statement of institutional, administrative 
and legal arrangements for making policies 
operational: information available 
information available 
no information 
general strategy based on increased 
energy efficiency in all sectors, on the 
use of clean technologies and renewable 
energy sources 
all except transport 
no information 
2.2 
• evaluation of the effects of measures on 
C02 emissions 
expected outcome: no information 
methodology: no information 
2) Additional information 
The report gives C02 emission forecasts by sector and by fuel for different scenarios. A more 
detailed description of the measures already implemented, including the type of instruments used 
for their implementation is also available. 
23 
SPAIN 
Existing National Programme for limiting C02 emissions 
Report forwarded by: 
Nature of report: General information: 
Title: National Programme to Limit C02 Emissions. 
Date of reception of the report: 9 July 1992 
Spanish State Secretary for Environmental and Water Policy, 
Ministry of Transport and Public Works 
the report follows a Government decision, it went to the 
Parliament which officially endorsed the document; 
it gives the list of measures set out in the National Energy Plan 
(PEN 1991-2000) and in the accompanying Energy Saving and 
Efficiency Programme (PAEE) which are currently 
implemented. 
National Energy Plan (PEN 1991-2000), 
Energy Saving and Efficiency Programme (PAEE) Background reports: 
C02 emission objective: 
Target: 
target year: 
base year: 
Comment: 25% increase 
2000 
1990 
the objective contained in the national programme falls within 
the scope of the recently-adopted National Energy Plan (PEN 
1991-2000). 
Contents: 
1) Basic infomation 
• C02 emissions (Mt) 
in 1990: 
in 2000: 
methodology used: 
• measures/instruments to limit C02 emissions 
description: 
targeted sectors: information available 
information available 
based on energy balances and emission 
factors 
the report gives a short description of the 
measures adopted or planned in the 
framework of the PEN & PAEE 
all 
# So 
statement of institutional, administrative 
and legal arrangements for making policies 
operational: 
evaluation of the effects of measures on 
C02 emissions 
expected outcome: 
methodology: some information 
some information 
no information 
2) Additional information 
Additional information on the assumptions underlying the energy forecasts as well as more 
disaggregated consumption and emission figures are available. More information on the 
arrangements for making measures operational is available in the PAEE. 
# 
THE UNITED KINGDOM 
Existing National Programme for limiting C02 emissions 
General information: 
Title: 
Date of reception of the initial 
report: 
Report forwarded by: 
Nature of report: 
Background reports: Climate Change - Report on United Kingdom National 
Programme for Limiting Carbon Dioxide Emissions. 
14 May 1992. Update received 29 September 1993. 
Department of the Environment, on behalf of Government. 
report published by the Government; 
The United Kingdom's submission which set out initial 
proposals and options for the UK's national programme for 
limiting C02 emissions has been supplemented by the following 
documents: 
- "Climate Change: Our National Programme for C02 
Emissions, A Discussion Document", December 1992. It is a 
consultation document intended to stimulate debate about 
options for the UK's national programme; 
- "Climate Change: Our National Programme for C02 
Emissions, Addendum", April 1993, summarizes initial 
decisions on measures for inclusion in national programme; 
- "Climate Change: Our National Programme for C02 
Emissions, Report of Conference held at the QEII Conference 
Center on 7 May 1993, record of the proceedings of a 
conference to debate Britain's C02 programme; 
- "Climate Change: completing Britain's C02 programme", 
announcement of 26 July 1993 by the Secretary of State for the 
Environment on the Government's proposal for completing the 
UK's C02 programme. 
The Environment White Paper, "This Common Inheritance" 
(September 1990); First and Second Year Reports on the White 
Paper. 
Energy Paper (EP) 59, "Energy related carbon dioxide emissions 
in possible future scenarios for the United Kingdom", 1992 
report by the Department of Trade and Industry on future 
scenarios for UK carbon emissions. 
3Z. 
C02 emission objectives: 
Target: 
target year: 
base year: 
Comment: return to 
2000 
1990 
The United Kingdom is prepared to return C02 emissions to 
1990 levels by the year 2000, providing other countries take 
similar action. UK places importance on the acceptance by other 
countries of Convention commitments. At G7 summit in Munich 
in July 1992, UK helped gain agreement from leading 
industrialised countries to urge other countries to join them in 
seeking to ratify Convention by end of 1993 and in publishing 
first national programmes by then. 
Contents: 
1) Basic infomation 
• C02 emissions (Mt) 
in 1990: 
in 2000: 
methodology used: 
• measures/instruments to limit C02 emissions 
description: 
targeted sectors: 
statement of institutional, administrative 
and legal arrangements for making policies 
operational: 
evaluation of the effects of measures on 
C02 emissions 
expected outcome: 
methodology: information available 
information available for several scenarios 
information available 
the reports sets out measures already 
agreed by the Government as well as 
proposals for further measures 
all 
information available for measures 
already agreed 
some information 
no information 
2) Additional information 
Detailed information on possible future scenarios for C02 emissions in the UK is available. 
There is also a detailed description of the measures already taken for limiting C02 emissions. 
UK full national programme/report under Convention is scheduled for publication end 1993. 
5S 
THE NETHERLANDS 
Existing National Programme for limiting C02 emissions 
General information: 
Title : 
Date of reception of the report 
Report forwarded by: 
Nature of the report: 
Background reports: Measures taken within The Netherlands' 
National programmes on Climate Change. 
3 April 1992 
Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning 
and Environment. 
The report follows a Government decision 
and has been approved by the Parliament; 
it results form a close collaboration 
between the Ministries of Energy, 
Environment, Agriculture and Transport. 
The report summarises the national CO2 
strategy (actions and instruments) more 
extensively detailed in the background 
reports (approved by Government and 
Pari lament as we 11). 
The National Environmental Policy 
Plan (NEPP), 1989; 
-- The Memorandum on Energy 
Conservation (1990); 
The National Environmental PI ley 
Plan Plus (NEPPP), 1990; 
— The Memorandum on Climate Change 
(MCC), 1991. 
CO2 emission objectives: 
Target: 
base year: 
target year: 
Comment : Reduction by 3 to 5% (3% is the basic 
target while 5% is a target that will 
be decided upon later in the coming 
years depending on international 
developments. 
average level of 1989 and 1990 
2000 
Government commitment (1990). The 
Nehterlands also adopted an interim 
target of returning its CO2 emissions 
to 1989-1990 levels by 1994-1995. 
Contents: 
1) Basic information 
* CO2 emissions (Mt) 
in 1990: 
in 2000: 
methodology used: information available 
Information available 
information available 
3C, 
measures/instruments 
description: 
targeted sectors: 
* statement of institutional, 
administrative and legal arrangements to limit C02 emissions 
review of the measures adopted to limit 
CO2 emissions since 1990. A wide 
range of measures has been set up 
including economic instruments (e.g. 
taxes and subsidies), regulatory 
measures (e.g. energy performance 
standards), voluntary measures (e.g. 
mult I-annuaI agreements with industry 
and other sectors like horticulture, 
buidllng and energy sectors), 
information campaigns and financial 
impetus to R&D. 
all 
for making policies operational 
evaluation of the effects of 
measures on C02 emissions 
expected outcome: 
methodology: information available 
Information 
evaluation available (both off leal 
reports as also background 
documents by Dutch reserach institutes, 
which have been submitted to the 
government). These documents are mainly 
in Dutch. 
2) Additional information 
The report also gives some information on budget dedicated to the- C02 
reduction programme. Additional information on the measures and instruments, 
the impact of the measures on C02 emissions and related methodology is 
available as well as detailed figures on the evolution of energy consumptions 
and C02 emissions. 
Moreover, the national plan (National Environmental Policy Plan as well as the 
Memorandum on Energy Conservation) is now in a process of being up-dated as a 
result of the annual progress reports. The up-date would be ready by the end 
of 1993. 
\5 
ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(94) 67 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 14 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-94-071-EN-C 
ISBN 92-77-65795-2 
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg