2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/1 
II 
(Preparatory  Acts) 
COMMISSION 
Proposal  for a Council  Directive  on the approximation  of the laws  of the Member  States 
relating  to powered  industrial  trucks 
(Submitted  by the Commission  to the Council  on 11 May  1979) 
THE  COUNCIL  OF THE  EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES, 
Having  regard  to the Treaty  establishing  the European 
Economic  Community,  and  in particular  Article  100 
thereof, 
Having  regard  to the proposal  from  the Commission, 
Having  regard  to  the  opinion  of the  European 
Parliament, 
Having  regard  to the  opinion  of the  Economic  and 
Social  Committee, Whereas  the technical  provisions  contained  in Annex  I 
do not  preclude  Community  or national  measures 
concerning  other  safety  aspects  of these  industrial  trucks 
such  as electrical  safety  (Council  Directive  73/23/EEC 
of 19 February  197"?  relating  to electrical  equipment 
designed  for  use  between  certain  voltage  limits  (-)), 
exhaust  and  noise; 
Whereas  in the  interests  of greater  safety  it appears 
advisable  to introduce  provisions  relating  to pedal 
arrangement  and  fuel  tank;  whereas  a transitional 
period  is justified  in order  to enable  manufacturers  to 
adapt  their  products  to these  new  provisions; 
Whereas  in each  Member  State  the  design  and 
construction  of powered  industrial  trucks  are subject  to 
safety  provisions  which  differ  from  one  Member  State 
to another  and  consequently  hinder  trade  in these 
appliances;  whereas  it is therefore  necessary  to 
approximate  these  provisions; 
Whereas  Council  Directive  78/..  ./EEC  of ...  on the 
approximation  of the  laws  of the  Member  States 
relating  to  common  provisions  for  lifting  and 
mechanical  handling  appliances  (1) laid  down  a series  of 
common  procedures,  such  as EEC  type-approval,  EEC 
type-examination  and  EEC  independent  certification, 
for the  placing  on the  market  of these  lifting  and 
mechanical  handling  appliances;  whereas,  in the case  of 
powered  industrial  trucks  and  in accordance  with  the 
usual  practice  in the Member  States,  EEC  independent 
certification  should  be provided  for; Whereas  technical  progress  necessitates  rapid 
adaptation  of the technical  requirements;  whereas  the 
procedure  laid  down  in Article  22  of Directive 
78/..  ./EEC  should  therefore  be adopted  for  such 
adaptations  of this  Directive; 
Whereas  the  institution  of examination  and  testing 
methods  is an implementing  measure  of a technical 
nature;  whereas  it is appropriate  that  this  be 
adopted  by the  Commission  in accordance  with  the 
same  procedure; 
HAS  ADOPTED  THIS  DIRECTIVE: 
Article  1 
Whereas  this  Directive  is a separate  Directive  within  the 
meaning  of Article  2 (2) of Directive  78/ .. ./EEC; 1. This  Directive  shall  apply  to powered  industrial 
trucks. 
(!) OJNoL (2) OJ No L 77, 26. 3. 1973,  p. 29. 
No C 165/2 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
2. This  Directive  does  not cover: 
(a) tipper  vehicles  (known  as dumpers)  or motor-driven 
barrows,  operating  on building  and  construction 
sites; 
(b) road  tractors,  lorries,  forestry  and  agricultural 
tractors,  construction  plant  and  trucks  used  in 
underground  mining  operations; 
(c) mobile  elevating  equipment  for  construction  sites 
which  does  not conform  to the definition  set out in 
Article  2 (1); 
(d) stacking  appliances  which  move  only  inside  guides 
and are known  as 'rack  feeders'; 
(e) powered  industrial  trucks  of a capacity  exceeding 
10 000  kilograms; 
(f) straddle  carriers; 
(g) driverless  tractors  and  trucks. 
Article  2 
1. For  the purpose  of this  Directive,  'powered  industrial 
truck'  means  any  wheeled  vehicle,  other  than  those 
running  on rails,  that  is designed  to carry,  tow,  push, 
lift or stack  any  kind  of load  and  is controlled  by an 
operator  who  either  walks  with  the truck  or rides  on a 
specially  arranged  driving  platform  which  is either 
unmovably  fixed  to the chassis  or can  be raised. 
2. Powered  industrial  trucks  covered  by this  Directive 
comprise  the following  three  categories: 
(a) Non-elevating  platform  trucks 
Trucks  that  carry  their  load  on a fixed  platform  or 
some  other  elevating  attachment. 
(b) Tractors  and  pusher  trucks 
Industrial  trucks  fitted  with  a towing  or pushing 
device  and  specially  designed  to tow  or push 
vehicles  travelling  on  the  ground  (e.g.  trailers, 
aircraft,  etc.)  or on rails  (wagons). 
(c) Elevating  trucks 
— low-lift  or high-lift  trucks,  whether  or not 
counterbalanced  and  with  the  operator's 
position  either  fixed  or rising  with  the  load, 
whether  or  not  stacking  in  a particular 
direction,  that  travel  freely  on prepared  or 
unprepared  ground  or between  guides  which  do 
not increase  the  truck's  stability,  and  whether 
fitted  with  forks  or any  other  attachment, 
— rough-terrain  fork  trucks  for  loading,  lifting, 
carrying  and  stacking,  specially  designed  to operate  on unprepared  ground,  equipped  with  a 
load-carrying  device  that  slides  vertically  on a 
fixed  or tilting  mast  and  having  a substantial 
ground  clearance. 
3. 'EEC  truck'  means  any  powered  industrial  truck 
which  satisfies  the requirements  of this  Directive. 
Article  3 
1. EEC  trucks  shall  be eligible  for EEC  independent 
certification  in accordance  with  Article  2 of Directive 
78/..  ./EEC. 
2. In order  to be eligible  for the said  EEC  independent 
certification,  EEC  trucks  must  comply  with  the 
requirements  laid  down  in Annex  I hereto,  such 
compliance  being  certified  by the  manufacturer  by 
means  of a certificate  of conformity,  a model  of which 
is shown  in Annex  II, and  by the affixing  of the mark  of 
conformity  in accordance  with  the conditions  set out in 
Annex  III. 
Article  4 
No Member  State  may,  on grounds  relating  to the 
requirements  laid  down  in this  Directive,  refuse, 
prohibit  or restrict  the placing  on the  market  and  the 
entry  into  service  of EEC  trucks  which  meet  the 
requirements  laid  down  in Annex  I. Where  such  trucks 
are accompanied  by a certificate  of conformity  and  bear 
the mark  of conformity  referred  to in Article  3 
indicating  that  they  comply  with  the  requirements  of 
this Directive,  it shall  be presumed  that  they  so comply. 
Article  5 
Member  States  shall  take  all necessary  measures  to 
ensure  that  manufacturers  or  importers  issue  a 
certificate  of conformity  only  when  the  powered 
industrial  trucks  referred  to in Article  1 satisfy  the 
requirements  of this  Directive. 
Article  6 
1. Amendments  that  are  necessary  in order  to adjust 
Annex  I to technical  progress  shall  be adopted  in 
accordance  with  the procedure  laid  down  in Article  22 
of Directive  78/..  ./EEC. 
2. Test  and  examination  methods  that  are necessary  in 
order  to check  the compliance  of a powered  industrial 
truck  with  the  requirements  of this  Directive  shall 
likewise  be adopted  in accordance  with  this  procedure. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/3 
Article  7 
1. Member  States  shall  bring  into  force  the  laws, 
regulations  and  administrative  provisions  necessary  in 
order  to comply  with  this  Directive  within  18 months 
following  its notification.  However,  they  shall  bring 
into force  the provisions  necessary  in order  to comply 
with  10.5.1.2  and  10.7.1.2.2  of Annex  I on 1 January 
1985.  They  shall  forthwith  inform  the  Commission 
thereof. 2. As  soon  as this  Directive  has been  notified,  Member 
States  shall  also  ensure  that  the  Commission  is 
informed,  in sufficient  time  for  it to submit  its 
comments,  of  any  draft  laws,  regulations  or 
administrative  provisions  which  they  intend  to adopt  in 
the field  covered  by this  Directive. 
Article  8 
This  Directive  is addressed  to the Member  States. 
No C 165/4 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
ANNEX  I 
TECHNICAL  REQUIREMENTS  FOR  POWERED  INDUSTRIAL  TRUCKS 
1. SCOPE 
The scope  covers  all powered  industrial  trucks  up to and  including  10 000  kg 
capacity. 
Excluded  are: 
(a) tipper  vehicles,  known  as dumpers,  or motor-driven  barrows  operating  on 
building  and  construction  sites; 
(b) road  tractors,  lorries,  forestry  and  agricultural  tractors,  construction  plant  and 
trucks  used  in underground  mining  operations; 
(c) mobile  elevating  equipment  for construction  sites  which  does  not conform  to the 
definition  set out in the Directive; 
(d) stacking  appliances  which  move  only  inside  guides  and  are  known  as 'rack 
feeders'; 
(e) any  powered  industrial  trucks  of a capacity  exceeding  10 000  kg; 
(f) straddle  carriers; 
(g) driverless  tractors  and  trucks. 
2. CLASSIFICATION  OF TRUCKS  BY MODE  OF ACTION 
2.1. Platform  truck 
Truck  carrying  its load  on a non-elevating  platform  or attachment. 
2.2. Industrial  tractor 
Industrial  truck,  travelling  on the ground,  fitted  with  coupling  means,  and  specially 
designed  to draw  vehicles  travelling  on the ground. 
2.3. Shunting  tractor 
Tractor  which  being  fitted  at the front  end  and/or  rear  with  a buffer  plate  can  also 
push  vehicles  travelling  on the ground  or on railway  track. 
2.4. Lift  truck 
Industrial  truck  which  is capable  of raising,  lowering  and  transporting  loads. 
2.4.1.  Stacking  lift  truck 
Truck  fitted  with  a platform,  a fork,  or other  load-handling  devices,  able  to raise  a 
load,  either  palletized  or not,  up to sufficient  lift height  to allow  stacking  or tiering  in 
racks. 
2.4.1.1.  Counterbalanced  lift truck 
Stacking  lift truck  fitted  with  a fork  on which  the load  either  palletized  or not,  is put 
in a cantilever  position  in relation  with  the front  wheels  and  balanced  by the mass  of 
the truck. 
2.4.1.2.  Reach  truck  with  retractable  mast  or fork  carriage 
Stacking  lift  truck  with  outriggers  where  the  load  can  be placed  in a cantilever 
position  by extending  the mast  or the fork  carriage. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/5 
2.4.1.4. 
2.4.1.5. 
2.4.1.6. 
2.4.1.7. 
2.4.1.8. 
2.4.1.9. 
2.4.1.10. 
2.4.1.11 
2.4.2. 
2.4.2.1. 
2.4.2.2. 
2.4.2.3. Straddle  truck 
Stacking  lift truck  with  outriggers,  fitted  with  a fork  located  between  the outriggers 
and where  the centre  of gravity  of the load  is always  within  the stability  polygon. 
Pallet  stacker 
Stacking  lift truck  where  the fork  arms  extend  over  the frame  structure. 
High-lift  platform  truck 
Stacking  lift truck  with  a load  platform  extending  over  the frame  structure. 
Truck  with  elevated  operator 
Stacking  lift truck,  fitted  with  an operating  position  which  can  be raised  with  the 
load  carrying  means  (platform  or fork)  for stacking  and  retrieving  loads  in racks. 
Side-loading  truck 
Fork  truck  the  retractable  mast  of which  is located  between  the  axles  and 
perpendicular  to the  longitudinal  axis  of the  truck,  allowing  it to take  and  raise  a 
load in a counterbalanced  position  in relation  to one  side  of the truck  and  to place  it 
on the integral  load  platform. 
Rough-terrain  fork  truck 
Machine  specially  designed  to load,  lift,  carry  and  stack  materials  and  to operate  on 
unprepared  ground  (large  wheels,  large  ground  clearance,  special  drive  unit)  fitted 
with  a load-carrying  device  sliding  vertically  on a fixed  or tilting  mast. 
Lateral-stacking  truck 
High-lift  stacking  truck  capable  of stacking  and  retrieving  loads  to one  or both  sides 
of the direction  of travel. 
Lateral-  and  front-stacking  truck 
High-lift  stacking  truck  capable  of stacking  and  retrieving  loads  along  and  to one  or 
both  sides  of the direction  of travel. 
Straddle  carriers 
Lift truck,  where  the frame  and  lift  unit  straddle  the load  to raise  it, move  it, and 
stack  it. 
Low-lift,  non-stacking  lift  truck 
Powered  truck  fitted  with  a platform,  fork  or other  load-handling  equipment  and 
able to raise  its load  to a height  just  sufficient  to allow  its transportation. 
Pallet  truck 
Non-stacking  lift truck,  fitted  with  a fork  for the handling  of pallets. 
Platform  floor  truck 
Non-stacking  lift truck  fitted  with  a platform  or a chassis  for the handling  of skids. 
Straddle  carriers 
Lift truck,  where  the frame  and  lift unit  straddle  the load  to raise  it and  move  it. 
I 
High-  and  medium-lift  order-picking  trucks 
A truck  with  an elevatable  platform  for an operator  and  a device  to accommodate  the 
aggregated  load  (normally  fork  arms  to accept  a pallet  or stillage)  to facilitate  picking 
(and occasional  replacing)  from  stored  goods. 
'Medium-lift'  designates  trucks  able  to elevate  the operator  platform  not  more  than 
2-5 m. 
No C 165/6  Official  Journal  of the European  Communities  2.  7. 79 
3. CLASSIFICATION  ON  TRUCKS  BY MODE  OF  CONTROL 
3.1. Rider-controlled 
3.1.1.  Sit-on:  non-elevable  operator: 
— facing  forward, 
— other  than  facing  forward. 
3.1.2.  Sit-on:  elevable  operator: 
— facing  forward, 
— other  than  facing  forward. 
3.1.3.  Stand-on:  non-elevable  operator: 
— facing  forward, 
— other  than  facing  forward. 
3.1.4.  Stand-on:  elevable  operator: 
— facing  forward, 
— other  than  facing  forward. 
3.2. Pedestrian-controlled  (*) 
3.3. Driverless 
3.3.1.  Imposed  steering. 
3.3.2.  Remote-controlled. 
4. CLASSIFICATION  OF TRUCKS  BY HEIGHT  OF LIFT 
4.1. Non-lifting  (including  platform  trucks,  industrial  tractors  and  shunting  tractors  (see 
2.1, 2.2 and  2.3)) 
4.2. Low-lift  (non-stacking  trucks  (see  2.4.2)) 
4.3. High-lift  trucks 
4.3.1.  Stacking  trucks  (see  2.4.1). 
4.3.2.  Non-stacking  (see  2.4.3). 
5. CLASSIFICATION  OF TRUCKS  BY MODE  OF TRAVELLING 
5.1. Free-travel  truck 
5.1.1.  Uni-directional  truck 
Truck  able  to move  in either  direction  on a line  parallel  with  its longitudinal  axis. 
(') Some  of these  trucks  may,  on occasion,  be adapted  to carry  the driver  and  as such  are covered  by the provisions  laid  down  for trucks 
in the category  of those  under  3.1. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/7 
5.1.2.  Bi-directional  truck 
Truck  able  to move  in either  direction  on a line,  parallel  with  its longitudinal  axis,  or 
perpendicular  to this  axis. 
5.1.3.  Multi-directional  truck 
Truck  able  to move  in any  direction  relative  to its longitudinal  axis. 
5.2. Guided-travel  truck 
Truck  fitted  with  special  equipment,  able  to move  only  in a path  defined  by external 
fixed  means. 
5.3. Dual-purpose,  free-  or guided-travel  truck 
A free-travel  truck  equipped  for optional  guided-travel  operation. 
6. CLASSIFICATION  OF TRUCKS  BY POWER  SOURCE 
6.1. Internal  combustion 
6.1.1.  Petrol. 
6.1.2.  Liquefied  petroleum  gas  (LPG). 
6.1.3.  LPG/petrol. 
6.1.4.  Diesel. 
6.2. Electric 
6.2.1.  With  storage  battery. 
6.2.2.  ICE/electric. 
6.2.3.  Electric,  by an independent  power  source. 
7. CLASSIFICATION  OF TRUCKS  BY TYPES  OF WHEEL 
7.1. Wheels  with  pneumatic  tyres. 
7.2. Wheels  with  pneumatic  shaped  solid  tyres. 
7.3. Wheels  with  solid  tyres. 
7.4. Solid  wheels. 
8. DEFINITION  OF THE  MAIN  COMPONENTS  OF TRUCKS 
8.1. Basic  components  of trucks 
8.1.1.  Chassis  and  associated  components 
No C 165/8 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
8.1.1.1. 
8.1.1.2. 
8.1.1.3. 
8.1.1.4. 
8.1.1.5. 
8.1.1.6. 
8.1.1.7. 
8.1.2. 
8.1.2.1. 
8.1.2.2. 
8.1.2.3. 
8.1.2.4. 
8.1.3. 
8.1.4. 
8.1.4.1. 
8.1.4.1.1. 
8.1.4.1.2. 
8.1.4.1.3. 
8.1.4.1.4. 
8.1.4.1.5. 
8.1.4.2. 
8.1.4,2.1. 
8.1.4.2.1.1. 
8.1.4.2.1.2. 
8.1.4.2.1.3. Chassis 
Main  frame  structure,  bearing  the various  units  of the truck  (i.e.  engine,  transmission, 
lifting  gear,  etc.). 
Counterweights 
A counterbalancing  mass  fixed  to the  chassis  of a counterbalanced  truck  at the  end 
opposite  to the load-bearing  means. 
Ballast  containers 
Containers  which,  when  filled  with  ballast,  act as counterweights. 
Additional  ballast 
Additional  ballast  fitted  to the  chassis  of a lift  truck  and  intended  to maintain  the 
original  stability. 
Bodywork 
Protective  or styling  panels  fitted  to the chassis. 
Driving  position 
Place  for the operator  and  the  driving  controls  of the  truck  and,  where  appropriate, 
load-handling  controls. 
Stabilizers 
Movable  components  generally  in pairs,  normally  actuated  by  hydraulic  or 
mechanical  means,  for  ensuring  or increasing  the  stability  of the  truck  during 
load-handling  operations  (8.1.4.1.5). 
Axles 
Drive  (including  differential). 
Steer. 
Drive-steer. 
Load. 
Driving  and  steering  unit  ' 
Driving  unit  rotating  on the  vertical  axis,  fitted  with  a single  or dual  wheel,  used  for 
driving  and  steering  the truck. 
Wheels 
Function  of wheels. 
Drive  wheel. 
Steer  wheel. 
Steer  and  drive  wheel. 
Load  wheel. 
Stabilizer  wheels. 
Auxiliary  wheels  or castors,  solidly  or resiliency  mounted  to the  chassis  of an 
industrial  truck,  usually  in pairs,  to assist  in maintaining  stability  when  the  truck  is 
subjected  to disturbing  forces. 
Arrangement  of wheels. 
Number  of wheels  at any  mounting. 
Single  (one). 
Twin  (two). 
Multiple  (more  than  two). 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/9 
.1.4.2.2.  Mounting  of wheels. 
.1.4.2.2.1.  Counterlever  mounting. 
.1.4.2.2.2.  Fork  mounting. 
.1.4.3.  Construction  of wheels. 
.1.4.3.1.  Wheel  made  from  only  one  material  (monobloc,  e.g.  metal,  plastic,  rubber). 
.1.4.3.2.  Bonded  tyred  wheel. 
.1.4.3.3.  Pressed-on  tyred  wheel. 
.1.4.3.4.  Split  rim  for removable  solid  tyres  (flat  based). 
.1.4.3.5.  Split  rim  for removable  solid  tyres  (conical  based). 
.1.4.3.6.  Wheels  for pneumatic  or pneumatic-shaped  solid  tyres. 
.1.4.4.  Suspension  mountings. 
.1.4.4.1.  Articulated. 
.1.4.4.2.  Spring-loaded. 
.1.4.4.3. 
.1.4.4.4.  Tandem. 
.1.5.  Prime  mover 
.1.5.1.  Electri  c motor. 
.1.5.2.  Internal  combustion  engine. 
.1.5.2.1.  Petrol. 
.1.5.2.2.  Liquefied  petroleum  gas (LPG). 
.1.5.2.3.  Petrol/LPG. 
.1.5.2.4.  Diesel. 
.1.6.  Transmission  systems  (from  prime  mover) 
.1.6.1.  Hydraulic. 
.1.6.1.1.  Hydrokinetic 
A system  in which  the prime  mover  torque  is transmitted  by an hydraulic  impeller 
and turbine. 
.1.6.1.2.  Hydrostatic 
A system  in which  torque  from  the power  unit  is transmitted  by means  of a positive 
displacement  hydraulic  pump  and  motor. 
.1.6.2.  Mechanical 
A system  in which  the  prime  mover  torque  is transmitted  by means  of a friction 
clutch  and  gear  (chain,  belt)  system  or directly  through  a gear  (chain,  belt)  system. 
.1.6.3.  Electric 
A system  in which  the prime  mover  torque  is transmitted  by means  of an electrical 
generator  and  motor. 
.1.7.  Electrical  equipment 
.1.7.1.  Electric  trucks. 
.1.7.1.1.  Traction  battery. 
.1.7.1.2.  Charging  set (built  in or not). 
No C 165/10 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
8.1.7.1.3.  Control  devices,  controllers,  contactors,  resistances,  electronic  control  systems. 
8.1.7.1.4.  Accessories  (connectors,  wires,  etc.). 
8.1.7.2.  Engine-powered  trucks. 
8.1.7.2.1.  Starter  battery. 
8.1.7.2.2.  Charging  equipment  (dynamo,  alternator). 
8.1.7.2.3.  Starter  motor. 
8.1.7.3.  Ancillary  electrical  equipment. 
8.1.7.3.1.  Lighting. 
8.1.7.3.1.1.  Driving  lights  (regulation  lights). 
8.1.7.3.1.2.  Working  lights. 
8.1.7.3.2.  Recording  (ampere  hour,  time-recorder)  and  indicating  (fuel,  temperature,  etc.). 
8.I.; Supply  system  for IC engine 
8.U u. Petrol. 
8.1.? i.I.I. Carburettor. 
8.1.; J.2. Supply  system  for LPG. 
8.1.; ;.2.i. Removable  container. 
8.1.; ;.2.2. Fixed  container  with  filling  valve. 
8.1.; ;.2.s. Pressure  reducer. 
8.1.; 3.2.4. Gas-air  mixer  (vaporizer). 
8.1.; 3.2.5. Valve. 
8.1.; 1.2.6. Safety-valve. 
8.1.; 1.2.7. Piping. 
8.1.1 3.3. Diesel. 
8.1.1 3.3.1. Fuel injection. 
.1.9.  Steering  system 
.1.9.1.  Manual. 
.1.9.1.1.  Automotive  type  wheel. 
.1.9.1.2.  Steering  by lever. 
.1.9.1.3.  Steering  by tiller. 
.1.9.1.4.  Steering  by oscillating  platform. 
.1.9.2.  Power  assisted. 
.1.9.2.1.  Hydraulic. 
.1.9.2.2.  Pneumatic. 
.1.9.2.3.  Electric. 
.1.9.3.  Power  steering. 
.1.10.  Braking  system 
.1.10.1.  Types  of brakes. 
.1.10.1.1.  Service  brakes. 
.1.10.1.2.  Parking  brakes. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/11 
8.1.10.2.  Types  of control. 
8.1.10.2.1.  Mechanical. 
8.1.10.2.2.  Hydraulic. 
8.1.10.2.3.  Electric. 
8.1.10.2.4.  Pneumatic. 
8.1.10.2.5.  Power-assisted. 
8.1.11.  Load-bearing  attachments 
8.1.11.1.  Fork  arms. 
8.1.11.1.1.  Fork  arms  hook-mounted. 
8.1.11.1.2.  Fork  arms  shaft-mounted. 
8.1.11.1.3.  Fork  arms  bolted. 
8.1.11.1.4.  Fork-arm  extension. 
8.1.11.2.  Load  platform. 
8.1.11.2.1.  Fixed. 
8.1.11.2.2.  Lifting. 
8.1.11.2.3.  Tipping  body. 
8.1.11.3.  Other  attachments. 
8.1.11.3.1.  Types  of attachments. 
8.1.11.3.1.1.  Fixed  — in relation  to the fork  carrier  (crane-arm,  boom,  etc.)  or in relation  to the 
chassis  (container,  tank,  etc.). 
8.1.11.3.1.2.  Load-bearing  attachment  or part  movable  in relation  to fork  carrier  (fork  truck)  or in 
relation  to chassis  (other  trucks). 
8.1.11.3.1.2.1.  Mechanical  (drop-bottom  container  or scoop). 
8.1.11.3.1.2.2.  Hydraulic  (clamp  attachment,  side-shift,  rotating  head,  etc.). 
8.1.11.3.1.2.3.  Pneumatic  (vacuum,  etc.). 
8.1.11.3.1.2.4.  Electric  (electro-magnet). 
8.1.11.3.2.  Modes  of action  of equipment. 
8.1.11.3.2.1.  Simple  clamping  device  for  engaging  the  load  (e.g.  stabilizer,  squeeze,  clamp, 
attachment). 
8.1.11.3.2.2.  Simple  equipment  for engaging  and  imparting  movement  to the load  (e.g.  side-shift, 
push-pull,  rotating  head). 
8.1.11.3.2.3.  Multiple  equipment  (e.g.  rotating  clamp). 
8.1.12.  Components  associated  with  movements  of the load  (excluding  travel) 
8.1.12.1.  Common  components. 
8.1.12.1.1.  Motor  or engine. 
8.1.12.1.2.  Pump,  control-valve,  piping  and  accessories. 
8.1.12.2.  Lifting  assembly  (or mast)  composed  of: 
— a fixed  upright  in which  the fork-arm  carriage  or one  or several  moving  uprights 
slide,  and 
— one  or more  lifting-jacks  lifting  either  through  chains  or wire  ropes  or directly  on 
the fork-arm  carriage  (or load  platform)  and  the moving  upright(s). 
8.1.12.2.1.  Upright(s)  (fixed  or moving) 
Frame  structure  composed  of structural  sections  generally  in pairs  and  linked  by 
cross-members. 
No C 165/12 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
8.1.12.2.2.  Lifting  jack(s) 
Simple  lifting  jack:  jack  with  single  rams  used  for the elevation  of the load. 
Compound  lifting  jack:  jack  having  several  concentric  rams  elevating  one  after  the 
other  or simultaneously. 
8.1.12.2.3.  Other  lifting  mechanisms  (e.g.  winches,  screws). 
8.1.12.2.4.  Lifting  chains 
Roller  chains;  leaf  chains. 
8.1.12.2.4.1.  Lifting  cables. 
8.1.12.2.5.  Fork-arm  carriage 
Component  sliding  along  a mast  and  bearing  the load-carrying  means. 
8.1.12.3.  Other  components. 
8.1.12.3.1.  Tilting  system  (e.g.  tilting-jack(s)). 
8.1.12.3.2.  Reach  system. 
8.1.12.3.3.  Lifting  systems  other  than  masts  (e.g.  cranes) 
Linkage-lift  mechanism;  lifting  mechanisms  for low-lift  trucks. 
8.1.12.4.  Mast  (classification  by arrangement  of uprights). 
8.1.12.4.1.  Non-telescopic  mast  (simple  mast) 
Mast  composed  only  of a fixed  upright. 
8.1.12.4.2.  Telescopic  mast 
Mast  having  one  fixed  upright  and  one  or more  moving  uprights. 
8.1.12.4.2.1.  Double  mast  (simple  telescopic  mast) 
Mast  having  one  fixed  upright  and  one  moving  upright. 
8.1.12.4.2.2.  Triple  mast 
Mast  having  one  fixed  upright  and  two  moving  uprights. 
8.1.12.4.2.3.  Quadruple  mast 
Mast  having  one  fixed  upright  and  three  moving  uprights. 
8.2. Truck  data 
8.2.1.  Unladen  service  mass 
Mass  of complete  truck  with  its accessories  and  ready  for use,  i.e.: 
— filled  fuel  tank  for ICE  trucks, 
— traction  battery  for electric-storage  battery  trucks. 
The truck  being  unladen  and  without  driver. 
8.2.2.  Shipping  weight  mass 
Mass  of truck  with  its accessories  and  ready  for use but with  no source  of energy  on 
the truck  (i.e.  without  fuel  or traction  battery. 
The truck  being  unladen  and  without  driver. 
Note: 
The words  'without  fuel'  should  be understood  as follows: 
— for  petrol,  diesel  or LPG  trucks  with  a permanently  installed  container:  with  the 
empty  container, 
— for  LPG  trucks  with  removable  container:  without  container. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/13 
8.2.3.  Mass  of traction  battery  unit 
Mass  of the battery  unit  (i.e.  battery,  container  and  ballast  if any). 
8.2.4.  Load  per axle  (front,  rear)  of the truck  in working  order,  unladen. 
8.2.5.  Load  per axle  (front,  rear)  of the truck  in working  order,  with  rated  load. 
8.2.6.  Load  per wheel  (front,  rear)  of the truck  in working  order,  unladen. 
8.2.7.  Load  per wheel  (front,  rear)  of the truck  in working  order,  with  its rated  load. 
8.2.8.  Track. 
8.2.9.  Wheel  base. 
8.2.10.  Rated  capacity  (see  Chapter  9). 
8.2.11.  Load  centre  distance  (1). 
8.2.12.  Overall  dimensions  f1) 
Height  (over  mast,  closed;  over  mast  extended;  over  cab or overhead  guard  . 
Length  without  fork  arms  ('). 
Width  (!). 
8.2.13.  Free  lift height  (x). 
8.2.14.  Maximum  lift height  at rated  load  (*). 
8.2.15.  Maximum  lift height  (]). 
8.2.16.  Overhang  (front,  rear,  lateral). 
8.2.17.  Ground  clearance  under  mast. 
8.2.18.  Ground  clearance  at centre  of wheel  base. 
8.2.19.  Ramp  angles  in relation  to the horizontal  plane 
(a) Approach  angle  (maximum). 
(b) Departure  angle  (maximum). 
(c) Traverse  angle  (minimum). 
(See sketch  below.) 
////////////////// v/////;/////////// ////////////  ///  //////jV. 
(') Sec'Dimensional  characteristics'  on page  14. 
No C 165/14 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
DIMENSIONAL  CHARACTERISTICS 
A1 Height  over  mast,  closed 
A2 Height  over  mast,  extended 
B Height  over  cab  or overhead  guard 
C Overall  width 
D Length,  without  forks 
E Length  of fork 
F Distance  from  centre  of gravity  of the load 
G Centre  of gravity  of the load 
J Forward  tilt (in degrees) 
K Backward  tilt (in degrees) 
L Front  track  ' 
M Rear  track 
N Wheelbase O Forward  overhang 
PI Ground  clearance  under  mast 
P2 Ground  clearance  at centre  of wheel  base 
S Outside  turning  radius 
T Inside  turning  radius 
U Width  of theoretical  minimum  intersecting  aisles 
V Width  of theoretical  minimum  aisle  for right-angle  stacking 
W Free  lift height 
W1 Total  free  lift 
W2 Reduced  free  lift 
X Maximum  lift height  at rated  load 
Y Maximum  lift height 
A 2 
I 
I 
W1 
" O—Q-
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/15 
8.2.20.  Outside  turning  radius  minimum  (*). 
8.2.21.  Width  of theoretical  minimum  intersecting  aisle  (*) (laden  and  unladen). 
8.2.22.  Width  of theoretical  minimum  aisle  for right-angle  stacking  (1). 
8.2.23.  Drawbar  pull. 
8.2.24.  Maximum  negotiable  gradient  on which  the truck  can  start  moving  either  laden  or 
unladen. 
8.3. Specific  operating  terms 
8.3.1.  Engaging  the load. 
8.3.2.  Disengaging  the load. 
8.3.3.  Lifting  the load. 
8.3.4.  Lowering  the load. 
8.3.5.  Stacking  and  unstacking 
Stacking:  handling  consisting  of lifting  a load,  and  placing  it on a stack  composed  of 
similar  loads. 
Unstacking:  handling  consisting  of removing  a load  from  the topmost  position  in a 
stack,  and  lowering. 
8.3.6.  Tiering  and  untiering 
Tiering:  handling  consisting  of lifting  a load  and  placing  it on a rack  or shelf  in a 
storage  system. 
Untiering:  handling  consisting  of lifting  a load  from  a rack  or shelf  and  lowering. 
8.3.7.  Tilting  the mast  (or fork)  forward/backward. 
8.3.8.  Extension  or retraction  of the mast  or fork  (forward/lateral). 
8.3.9.  Travelling. 
8.3.10.  Inching 
Small  movements  of a truck,  operated  at reduced  speed  (not  more  than  2-5 km/h)  to 
enable  a load  to be positioned  precisely  during  a handling  operation  (e.g.  stacking). 
8.3.11.  Towing. 
8.3.12.  Coupling/uncoupling. 
8.3.13.  Rotating  — attachments. 
8.3.14.  Pivoting  (mast  or attachments) 
Rotation  of the  entire  lifting  assembly  or of a single  load-carrying  unit  about  a 
vertical  axis,  to allow  lateral  changes  to be made  from  the frontal  position  or vice 
versa. 
8.3.15.  Load  push/load  pull. 
8.3.16.  Side-shifting. 
(') See  'Dimensional  characteristics'  on page  14. 
No C 165/16 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
3.3.17.  Spreading  the fork  arms. 
3.3.18.  Rotating  fork  arms. 
3.3.19.  Clamping/  unclamping. 
3.3.20.  Load  stabilization. 
3.3.21.  Scooping/  emptying. 
3.3.22.  Lowering  stabilizers/raising  stabilizers  (for  side-loading  trucks). 
3.3.23.  Tipping. 
3.4. Safety  features 
5.4.1.  Stability 
Ability  of a truck,  either  in the loaded  or unloaded  condition,  to resist  overturning  as 
a result  of static  or dynamic  forces  arising  in service. 
5.4.1.1.  Longitudinal  stability 
Resistance  to overturning  forward  or backward. 
3.4.1.2.  Lateral  stability  (transverse  stability) 
Resistance  to overturning  to right  or left. 
3.4.1.3.  Static  stability 
Resistance  to overturning  of a stationary  truck  solely  under  the action  of its load. 
5.4.1.4.  Dynamic  stability 
Resistance  to overturning  of a moving  truck  under  the  action  of forces  developed 
when: 
1.4.1.4.1.  —  travelling  in a straight  or curved  path, 
1.4.1.4.2.  —  the  load  is moved  in various  ways, 
1.4.1.4.3.  —  during  a movement  combining  (1) and  (2) above. 
1.4.2.  Brakes 
Drawbar  drag;  stopping  distance 
1.4.3.  Safety  equipment 
1.4.3.1.  Guards  for driving  position 
Complete  or partial  guards  bordering  the  driving  position,  especially  at extreme 
points,  with  the  object  of protecting  the  driver  frontally  and/or  laterally  against 
contact  with  fixed  obstacles  or other  vehicles. 
1.4.3.2.  Overhead  guard 
Superstructure  fixed  on the truck  above  the head  of the driver,  to protect  him  from 
falling  objects. 
1.4.3.3.  Load  backrest 
Vertical  screen  usually  mounted  on the fork  carrier  to prevent  any  part  of the load 
transported  from  falling  towards  the operator. 
.4.3.4.  Spark-arrester  (IC engine). 
.4.3.5.  Water-muffler. 
.4.3.6.  Exhaust  gas purifier,  catalyzer. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/17 
8.4.3.7.  Flame-proofing  equipment. 
8.4.3.8.  Battery  discharge  indicator. 
8.4.3.9.  Safe  load  indicator. 
8.4.3.10.  Horn. 
8.4.3.11.  Starting  switch. 
8.4.3.12.  Safety  switch  (on  an electric  truck) 
Switch  to cut off the power  supply  to a traction  motor  (sometimes  also  applying  the 
brake),  as soon  as the  operator  ceases  to exert  pressure  on the  part  actuating  the 
switch;  this  may  be a seat  or pedal  on a rider-controlled  truck,  or the  tiller  of a 
pedestrian-controlled  truck. 
8.4.3.13.  Safety  reverser 
Device  located  at the end  of the tiller  of a pedestrian-controlled  truck,  to reverse  the 
direction  of the truck  when  the device  contacts  the operator  (or an obstacle). 
8.4.3.14.  Emergency  switch 
A device  to switch  off the motors  of electric  trucks,  operating  independently  of the 
control  switches  and  intended  to ensure  disconnection  of the motor  even  in the event 
of the control  switch  system  malfunctioning. 
8.4.3.15.  Driving  mirror 
8.4.3.16.  Electrical  overload  device 
8.4.3.17.  Anti-collision  device 
Device  located  ahead  of a remote-control  truck,  which  on contact  with  an obstacle  or 
arrival  in close  proximity  to one,  is activated  mechanically,  optically,  magnetically,  or 
by other  means,  and  cuts  off the supply  current  to the traction  motor  while  applying 
the brakes. 
9. CAPACITY  OF TRUCKS  AND  REMOVABLE  ATTACHMENTS 
9.1. High-lift  trucks 
9.1.1.  Rated  capacity  of high-lift  trucks 
The rated  capacity  of a powered  industrial  high-lift  truck  is the load  in kilograms, 
permitted  by the  manufacturer,  that  the  truck  type  is capable  of transporting  or 
lifting  in normal  operation  under  specific  conditions  (see  Addendum  A). 
9.1.2.  Actual  capacity  of high-lift  trucks 
The actual  capacity  of a powered  industrial  high-lift  truck  is the  maximum  load 
in kilograms  (depending  on its attachment  and  elevating  height),  permitted  by 
the manufacturer  (usually  by stability  testing),  that  the  subject  truck  is capable 
of transporting  or lifting  in normal  operation  under  specific  conditions  (see 
Addendum  A). 
9.2. Fixed  platform  and  low-lift  trucks 
9.2.1.  Rated  capacity  of fixed  platform  and  low-lift  trucks 
The rated  capacity  of a fixed  platform  or low-lift  truck  is the maximum  load  in 
kilograms,  permitted  by  the  manufacturer,  uniformly  distributed  over  the 
load-carrying  platforms  or device,  which  the  truck  is capable  of transporting  under 
normal  conditions  of operation. 
No C 165/18 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
9.3. Industrial  tractors 
9.3.1.  Rated  capacity  of industrial  tractors 
The rated  capacity  of an industrial  tractor  is the rated  horizontal  drawbar  pull  in 
newtons,  permitted  by the manufacturer,  that  the industrial  tractor  can  develop  at a 
specified  coupling  height  while  moving  at a uniform  speed  of not less  than  1%  of the 
maximum  no-load  speed,  on a smooth,  dry,  horizontal  concrete  surface.  For stand-on 
or sit-on  industrial  tractors  the driver's  mass  shall  be 90 kg (ballasted  accordingly). 
When  pneumatic  tyres  are fitted  they  shall  be inflated  to the pressure  specified  by the 
industrial  tractor  manufacturer. 
9.4. Removable  attachments 
9.4.1.  Rated  capacity  of removable  attachments  is the  maximum  load,  in kilograms, 
permitted  by the manufacturer,  that  the attachment  is capable  of handling  in normal 
operation  under  specified  conditions. 
10. GENERAL  PROVISIONS 
10.1.  Information  plates 
All the information  on the plates  shall  be in the language  (languages)  of the country 
where  the truck  is to be used. 
10.1.1.  Identification  plates 
10.1.1.1.  Every  industrial  truck  shall  bear  a durable  identification  plate  in a prominent  position 
giving  the following  information: 
All engine-powered  trucks Battery-electric  powered 
(a) Name  of the manufacturer  (or the (a) d° 
importer)  of the truck 
(b) Type (b)d° 
(c) Production  or serial  number  and (c) d° 
year of manufacture 
(d) Unladen  mass  (1) of the  truck  in (d) Unladen  mass  {*) of the  truck 
working  order  without  removable in working  order  without  battery 
attachments,  but  with  the  fork and without  removable  attach-
arms  in the case  of fork-lift  trucks ments,  but  with  the  tork  arms  in 
the case  of fork  trucks 
(e) Authorized  maximum  and  mini-
mum  battery  mass 
(f) Battery  voltage 
(') The  mass  may  be slightly  greater  or less  than  that  shown  in the plate. 
10.1.1.2.  Identification  plates  for removable  attachments 
Every  removable  attachment  shall  carry  a separate  identification  plate  giving  the 
following  information: 
(a) name  of attachment  manufacturer  (or importer); 
(b) type; 
(c) production  or serial  number  and  year  of manufacture; 
(d) mass  of attachment; 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities  No  C 165/19 
(e) distance  of the centre  of gravity  of the attachment  from  its mounting  face  on the 
truck; 
(f) rated  load  capacity; 
(g) in the case  of hydraulically  operated  attachments  the operating  hydraulic  pressure 
recommended  by the attachment  manufacturer; 
(h) 'warning!';  the  capacity  of the  truck  and  attachment  combination  shall  be 
adhered  to. 
10.1.1.3.  Trucks  operating  in special  conditions 
If a truck  is designed  to operate  in special  conditions  it shall  bear  a durable  plate  in a 
prominent  position,  giving  the following  information: 
(a) designation  of the special  condition(s)  of use; 
(b) capacity  of the truck  in each  of the special  conditions  of use. 
10.1.1.4.  Traction  batteries  and  containers 
Each  container  shall  bear  a durable  identification  plate  in a prominent  position 
giving  the following  information: 
(a) name  of battery  manufacturer; 
(b) type; 
(c) serial  number; 
(d) nominal  voltage; 
(e) capacity  in ampere  hours  at the five-hour  rate; 
(f) service  mass  (with  ballast  if used  to compensate  for lack  of battery  mass). 
Furthermore,  the mass  shall  be stamped  on the removable  container  near  the lifting 
means. 
10.1.2.  Capacity  plates 
Every  truck  or tractor  shall  have  a durable  capacity  plate  affixed  in a prominent 
position,  easily  readable  by the operator  showing  the data  specified  below. 
This  capacity  plate  may  be combined  with  the identification  plate  if desired. 
10.1.2.1.  High-lift  trucks 
The capacity  plate  shall  show  the data  specified  in Addendum  B. 
10.1.2.2.  Fixed  platform  and  low-lift  trucks 
The capacity  plate  shall  show  the  basic  rated  capacity  in kilograms  as defined  in 
9.2.1. 
10.1.2.3.  Industrial  tractors 
The capacity  plate  shall  show  the drawbar  pull  in hewtons  as defined  in 9.3.1  and 
shall  also  show  the period  of time  during  which  this  pull  can  be exerted. 
In the case  of electric-driven  truck  tractors,  fitted  with  torque  convenors,  the drawbar 
pull for one  hour  of operation  shall  be given. 
10.1.3.  Other  information 
It is not obligatory  to put this  information  on a plate. 
10.1.3.1.  Devices  for slinging  of trucks 
Locations  for slinging  shall  be clearly  indicated  on the truck  (10.8.4). 
10.1.3.2.  Pneumatic  tyre  inflation  pressures 
The inflation  pressures  shall  be clearly  indicated  on the truck. 
10.1.3.3.  Maximum  authorized  gradient 
No C 165/20 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
10.2.  Immobilization,  prevention  of unintentional  movement  and  unauthorized  use 
10.2.1.  A  parking  brake  shall  be provided  conforming  to the  requirements  specified  in 
10.3.4.1  and  10.3.4.2. 
The special  requirements  for order  picking  trucks  are covered  in Chapter  11. 
10.2.2.  The  truck  shall  be provided  with  a special  device  (e.g.  by means  of a key)  which 
prevents  its use by any  unauthorized  person. 
Switch  keys  for pedestrian-controlled  trucks  and  for stand-on  and  sit-on  trucks  shall 
not be interchangeable. 
10.3.  Brakes/performance 
10.3.1.  Brakes 
Powered  industrial  trucks  shall  embody  brakes  capable  of developing  in either 
direction,  on smooth,  level,  dry and  clean  concrete,  a minimum  drawbar  drag  'F'. 
The value  of 'F' for: 
— all trucks  (except  tractors)  is expressed  as a percentage  of the gross  mass  of the 
truck  with  its rated  load, 
— tractors  is expressed  as a percentage  of the  gross  mass  of the  tractor,  without 
trailers. 
The minimum  value  of 'F' is related  in the following  tables  to the maximum  speed 
attainable  by the truck  with  its rated  load  or by the tractor  without  trailers  ('V/  in 
km/h). 
It a truck's  actual  braking  capability  is automatically  related  to speed,  the minimum 
drawbar  drag  'F' may  be varied  as speed  is varied  (see  Graph  A). 
The minimum  value  of 'F' in the  following  tables  must  be attainable  with  the 
appropriate  actuating  force  specified  in 10.3.2. 
Group Types  of truck Value  of 'F for: 
Group Types  of truck 
V, 5S13-4  ktn/h V, ]  ?-4 km/h 
A(i) All industrial  trucks  except 
groups  B, C and  D F ^ 1-86  Vi% F ^ 25% 
B Tractors  with  one  or two 
braked  wheels F ^ 2 6 V,% F ^ 35% 
C Tractors  with  four  braked 
wheels F ^ 3 72 V,% F ^ 50% 
DM Trucks  with  elevating  opera-
tor and  high-lift,  lateral-
(and front-)  stacking  trucks Value  of 'F' for: 
DM Trucks  with  elevating  opera-
tor and  high-lift,  lateral-
(and front-)  stacking  trucks V, <; 9-0  km/h V, > 9 0 km/h 
DM Trucks  with  elevating  opera-
tor and  high-lift,  lateral-
(and front-)  stacking  trucks F ^ 10  V,% F ^ 9% 
(') Where  the  mast  or fork  arms  can  be moved  out,  the  values  shall  apply  with  the  mast  or fork  arms  in the 
retracted  position. 
P) For  further  details  see 11.1  and  11.2. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/21 
GRAPH  A 
r ' 
I 
j 
i 
1 
i l 
i i i ' 
2 4  6  8  9 10 12  134  14 
.—' ' 6 Vj C. Tractors  with  four  braked 
wheels 
B. Tractors  with  one  or two 
braked  wheels 
A. All  industrial  trucks 
except  groups  B, C and  D 
D. Trucks  with  elevating 
operator  and  high-lift, 
lateral-  (and  front-), 
stacking  trucks 
5 56 8 33 10 V  mph 
10.3.2.  Service  brake  controls  f) 
(a) Brakes  applied  by depressing  the brake  pedal  shall  conform  to the above  drawbar 
drag  table  with  a maximum  pedal  force  not exceeding  600  N. 
(b) Brakes  applied  by releasing  the brake  pedal  shall  conform  to the above  drawbar 
drag  table.  The  necessary  force  required  to release  the brakes  and  to keep  them 
released  while  travelling  shall  not exceed  300  N. 
(c) Brakes  applied  by means  of a hand  lever  shall  conform  to the above  drawbar  drag 
table,  when  a maximum  force  of 150  N is applied  to the hand  lever. 
(d) Automatically  applied  brakes  on trucks  with  the driver  standing,  and  pedestrian-
controlled  trucks  shall  conform  to the above  drawbar  table. 
10.3.3.  Only  friction  brakes,  hydrostatic  transmissions  and  electrical  braking  systems  are 
acceptable  as service  brakes. 
10.3.4.  Parking  brake 
10.3.4.1.  Each  industrial  truck  except  an industrial  tractor  shall  be equipped  with  a parking 
brake  which  shall  hold  the  truck,  with  its maximum  permissible  load,  without 
assistance  from  the driver,  on the service  gradient  specified  by the manufacturer.  The 
gradient  must  not exceed  the values  shown  below: 
(a) Sit-on  or stand-on  trucks,  electric  or ICE  except  types  (b) and  (c):  15%; 
(b) Narrow-aisle  trucks  (reach  trucks)  straddle  trucks,  pallet-stackers,  high-lift 
platform  trucks,  or low-lift  trucks:  10%; 
(c) Order-picking  trucks,  high-lift  and  lateral-stackers:  5%; 
(d) Pedestrian-controlled  trucks:  10%; 
10.3.4.2.  Each  industrial  tractor  with  the  exception  of driverless  tractors  shall  be equipped 
with  a parking  brake  which  shall  hold  the tractor  itself,  without  trailers,  and  without 
assistance  from  the driver  on the maximum  gradient  that  it is able  to climb  (without 
load)  or on the following  gradient,  whichever  is lower. 
Sit-on  or stand-on  tractors,  ICE  or electric:  15%. 
Pedestrian-controlled  tractors:  10%. 
(') Order-picking  trucks  are covered  in Chapter  11. 
No C 165/22 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
10.3.4.3.  Brake  operating  systems 
Service  and  parking  brakes  shall  be operated  by means  of independent  systems,  but 
may  be effective  on the  same  arresting  equipment  (e.g.  brake  shoes). 
This  does  not  apply  to trucks  which  have  the type  of automatic  service/parking  brake 
specified  in 10.3.2  (b) and  (d). 
10.4.  Wheels 
When  split  wheels  are  used  with  pneumatic  tyres,  the  truck  shall  be provided  with 
devices  to prevent  the user  from  separating  the halves  of the wheel  before  removing 
the wheel  from  the axle. 
10.5.  Controls 
10.5.1.  Direction  of travel  controls 
10.5.1.1.  Applicable  up to and  including  31 December  1984 
In accordance  with  ISO  Standard  3691  (8.1  to 8.2.3.3,  8.3.1  (a),  (b),  (e) and  8.3.1.1 
to 8.4.3.2). 
10.5.1.2.  Applicable  from  1 January  1985 
In accordance  with  ISO  Standard  3691(8.1  to 8.2.3.3,  8.3.1  (a),  (b),  (e) and  8.3.1.1  to 
8.4.3.2). 
with  the  following  modifications: 
8.4.1.1.  Pedals 
Accelerator  and  service  brake  pedals  and  clutch  pedals  when  fitted  to sit-on  trucks 
shall  be arranged  in accordance  with  automotive  rules  and  practice  as shown  in 
Figure  25 (the  paragraph  which  follows  is deleted). 
8.4.1.2.  Gear-change  lever 
The positions  for gear  engagement  shall  be clearly  indicated. 
8.4.1.3.  Direction-change  lever 
It shall  be  obligatory  to operate  the  direction-change  levers  by  hand.  The 
direction-change  levers  shall  be  arranged  in such  a way  that  their  operation 
corresponds  to the required  direction  of travel. 
8.4.1.4.  Safety  control  and  brakes  — sit-on  electric-powered  trucks 
— The  first  two  paragraphs  are retained. 
— The  last  three  paragraphs  are replaced  by: 
'The  accelerator  shall  be operated  by the right  foot  and  shall  increase  travel  speed 
when  depressed.  The  service  brakes  shall  be operated  by the right  foot  and  shall 
be applied  by depressing  the pedal.' 
8.4.1.5.  Safety  control  and  brakes  —  sit-on  internal  combustion 
engine  powered  trucks 
— The  first  clause  of the first  paragraph  is retained. 
— The  second  clause  of the first  paragraph  is replaced  by: 
'The  accelerator  shall  be operated  by the right  foot  and  shall  increase  travel  speed 
when  depressed.' 
— The  two  following  paragraphs  are replaced  by: 
'The  service  brakes  shall  always  be operated  by the right  foot  and  shall  be applied 
by depressing  the  pedal.  If a clutch  is fitted,  declutching  shall  be carried  out  by 
pressing  on the  pedal  with  the  left  foot.  This  pedal  may  also  operate  the brakes. 
In the  latter  case,  one  large  pedal  may  be utilized  to carry  out  both  operations 
provided  its surface  area  is approximately  equal  to the  total  surface  area  of the 
brake  and  clutch  pedal  shown  in Figure  25.  Declutching  shall  be effected  by the 
initial  depressing  movement  of the  pedal,  the  final  movement  shall  apply  the 
brakes.' 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities  No  C 165/23 
10.5.2.  Load-handling  controls 
In accordance  with  ISO  Standard  3691  (8.5). 
10.5.3.  Control  symbols 
In accordance  with  ISO  Standard  3287. 
10.6.  Speed  limitation  (J) 
10.6.1.  Pedestrian-controlled  trucks  shall  be so designed  that  they  shall  not  be capable  of 
speed  in excess  of 6 km/h  in the unladen  condition  when  operating  on level  ground. 
Exception 
In special  areas  separated  from  pedestrians  and  other  types  of traffic  remote-
controlled  trucks  may  be operated  at higher  speeds. 
Single-speed  pedestrian-controlled  trucks  shall  be so designed  that  they  cannot  reach 
a speed  in excess  of 4 km/h,  empty  and  on level  ground,  or a maximum  acceleration 
of 5%.  Single-speed  trucks  shall  be low-lift  only. 
10.6.2.  Stand-on  trucks  shall  be so designed  that  they  shall  not be capable  of speeds  in excess 
of 16 km/h  in the laden  condition  when  operating  on level  ground. 
10.6.3.  It  is recommended  that  sit-on  and  stand-on  trucks  having  a speed  greater  than 
12 km/h  be fitted  with  a speedometer  adapted  to the speed  conditions  of use and  to 
facilitate  adherence  to speed  regulations. 
10.7.  Requirements  for power  systems  and  accessories 
10.7.1.  Internal  combustion  engine  driven  trucks 
10.7.1.1.  Exhaust  and  cooling  systems 
10.7.1.1.1.  The  exhaust  system  shall  be designed  and  fitted  with  due  consideration  for  the 
comfort  and  well-being  of the  operator  and  other  personnel.  In particular,  the 
exhaust  pipe  whether  it is placed  in a low  or high  position  shall  have  its exhaust  port 
so arranged  as to cause  the minimum  discomfort  to personnel. 
10.7.1.1.2.  The  air flow  through  the  cooling  system  shall  be arranged  in a manner  to avoid 
discomfort  to the operator. 
10.7.1.2.  Fuel  tanks 
If a tank  is within  or contiguous  to the engine  compartment,  the tank  and/or  filling 
arrangement  shall  be isolated  from  the electrical  and  exhaust  systems  by a separate 
enclosure  or by baffles.  The  tank  location  and  facilities  for filling  shall  be such  that 
spillage  or leakage  will  drain  to the  ground  and  not  into  the engine  or operator's 
compartment  or on to electrical  or exhaust  system  parts.  Fuel  spillage  shall  not  be 
possible  under  operating  conditions. 
10.7.1.2.1.  Applicable  up to and  including  31 December  1984 
The fuel  tank  and  fill fittings  shall  be so located  as to minimize  the possibility  of 
damage  to the tank  and  its fittings. 
10.7.1.2.2.  Applicable  from  1 January  1985 
The fuel  tank  shall  be removable.  The  fuel  tank  and  fill fittings  shall  be so located  as 
to minimize  the possibility  of damage  to the tank  and  its fittings. 
10.7.1.3.  Fuel  systems  shall  be firmly  secured  to the  truck  and  the  fastenings  arranged  to 
minimize  the effects  of vibration. 
(') Order-picking  trucks  are covered  in Chapter  11. 
No C 165/24 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
10.7.2.  Additional  requirements  for  internal  combustion  engine  driven  trucks,  using  LPG  gas 
10.7.2.1.  Containers 
10.7.2.1.1.  The  container(s)  for LPG  may  be either  permanently  fixed  on the truck  or quickly 
removable.  Containers  shall  comply  with  the  requirements  of existing  Community 
Directives. 
10.7.2.1.2.  Containers  shall  be fitted  on the  truck  in such  a way  that  they  are  not  unduly 
exposed  to erosion  nor  to the corrosive  action  of the products  handled  by the truck. 
They  shall  be protected  against  corrosion. 
10.7.2.1.3.  The  containers  shall  be firmly  secured  to the  truck  and  the  fastening  shall  be 
unaffected  by vibration. 
10.7.2.1.4.  Containers,  whether  fixed  or removable,  shall  be equipped  with  a device  to prevent 
the sudden  emission  of a large  volume  of gas,  particularly  in the case  of a pipe  failure. 
The fuel  take  off on the  container  shall  be equipped  with  an easily  and  quickly 
accessible  manually  operated  valve.  The  fuel  take  off shall  be in a liquid  form,  unless 
the container  and  engine  are specially  equipped  for direct  vapour  withdrawal. 
10.7.2.1.5.  All  containers  which  require  to be filled  to a fixed  maximum  liquid  level  by the user 
shall  have  the following  fittings: 
(a) A suitable  safety  pressure-relief  valve  connected  to the  vapour  space  of the 
container.  Where  such  containers  are fitted  inside  compartments  of vehicles  the 
discharge  side  of the relief  valve  shall  be piped  to atmosphere. 
The gas shall  be led away  safely. 
(b) A fixed  maximum  level  indicating  device.  Where  containers  are  fitted  inside 
compartments  of vehicles  the  discharge  side  of any  maximum  level  indicating 
device  which  relies  on bleeding  gas  to atmosphere  shall  terminate  at a readily 
visible  position  on the outside  of the vehicle. 
1. The  maximum  level  indicating  device,  which  relies  on bleeding  to atmosphere 
shall  be designed  so that  the bleed  hole  is not larger  than  1-5  mm  diameter 
and also  that  the  parts  of the  device  cannot  be completely  withdrawn  in 
normal  gauging  operations. 
2. All  maximum  liquid  level  devices  shall  be suitable  for the LPG  in use  and 
indicate  the maximum  product  level  which  shall  not exceed  that  permitted  by 
Community  Regulations  for  pressure  vessels  in so far  as they  exist  or 
otherwise  to the provisions  of the country  in which  they  are used. 
(c) If a liquid  level  gauge  is fitted,  it shall  not vent  to atmosphere. 
10.7.2.1.6.  If  containers  are installed  in a compartment,  this  compartment  shall  have  permanent 
openings  at the very  bottom.  The  total  surface  area  of these  ventilation  openings  shall 
be at least  200  cm2  allowing  adequate  ventilation  to the  outside  atmosphere  and 
without  risk  for the operator. 
10.7.2.1.7.  When  containers  are removable,  their  fastening  shall  permit  easy  handling  and  easy 
checking  of installation  after  the exchange  of containers. 
10.7.2.1.8.  When  installing  removable  containers  which  incorporate  a safety  relief  valve  they 
shall  be so located  on the truck  that  the safety  pressure-relief  valve  opening  is always 
in communication  with  the  vapour  space  (top)  of the  container.  This  may  be 
accomplished  by an indexing  pin which  positions  the container  when  the container  is 
properly  installed. 
10.7.2.1.9.  If  a spare  or additional  container  is carried  on the  truck,  it shall  be secured  in an 
approved  manner  as laid  down  in 10.7.2.1.3  and  10.7.2.1.8. 
10.7.2.1.10. Protective  caps  against  inclement  weather  shall  be provided  on the connections  when 
stored  in the open. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/25 
10.7.2.1.11.  Provision  shall  be made  for the possible  fitting  of a heat-shield  to ensure  protection 
against  abnormal  increases  in temperature  of the  liquefied  petroleum  gas  (LPG) 
container,  which  might  be caused  by the sun  or other  heat  sources.  Containers  shall 
be positioned  as far away  as is practical  from  the motor  and  the exhaust  system. 
10.7.2.2.  Piping 
10.7.2.2.1.  Connecting  piping  and  all associated  parts  shall  be easily  accessible,  protected  against 
damage  and  wear,  and  be flexible  enough  to withstand  vibration  and  deformation  in 
service.  Pipe  work  shall  be: 
1. so arranged  that  damage  or leaks  are easily  detectable;  and 
2. installed  in such  a way  that  it cannot  be damaged  by the hot parts  of the engine. 
Fully  rigid  pipes  shall  not  be used  for connecting  the container  to equipment  on the 
engine. 
10.7.2.2.2.  Hoses,  piping  and  all connections  operating  at pressure  above  one  bar gauge  shall  be 
suitable  for a working  pressure  of 25 bar and  shall  withstand  without  bursting  a test 
pressure  of 75 bar. 
Hoses,  piping  and  all connections  operating  below  one  bar  shall  withstand,  without 
bursting,  a test  pressure  of five  times  the maximum  pressure  likely  to be encountered 
in service. 
10.7.2.2.3.  The  containers  and  their  connections  shall  be installed  in such  a way  that  there  are no 
projections  outside  the overall  contour  of the truck.  Container  connections  shall  be 
protected  by a rigid  guard. 
10.7.2.2.4.  Excessive  pressure  shall  be avoided  in any  section  of pipework  containing  LPG 
between  two  shut-off  valves  which  may  be closed;  a pressure-relief  valve  or other 
suitable  means  may  be used  if necessary. 
10.7.2.2.5.  The  use  of aluminium  piping  in the liquid  lines  is not permissible. 
10.7.2.2.6.  Hose  lengths  shall  be as short  as possible. 
10.7.2.3.  Equipment 
10.7.2.3.1.  The  supply  of gas shall  be automatically  cut off when  the engine  stops  irrespective  of 
whether  or not the ignition  system  has been  switched  off. 
10.7.2.3.2.  For  multi-fuel  applications  the  system  shall  be designed  to avoid  the  possibility  of 
LPG  entering  any  other  fuel  container,  and  so that  each  fuel  source  is cut off before 
the alternative  one  is opened. 
10.7.2.3.2.1.  If  the truck  is equipped  with  two  or more  containers  to supply  fuel,  they  shall  be 
connected  via a multi-way  valve,  or other  suitable  means  so that  liquified  gas (LPG) 
can be drawn  only  from  one  container  at a time.  The  use  of two  or more  containers 
(at the same  time)  is not permitted. 
10.7.2.3.3.  Safety  pressure-relief  valves  or liquid  level  indicators  shall  be installed  in such  a way 
that they  cannot  discharge  on truck  components  which  represent  a source  of ignition. 
10.7.2.3.4.  If  corrosion  of a part  will  interfere  with  its proper  functioning  it shall  be provided 
with  a corrosion-resistant  protective  coating. 
10.7.2.3.5.  All  fuel  system  components  shall  be firmly  secured  to the  truck  and  the  fastenings 
arranged  to minimize  the effect  of vibration. 
10.7.3.  Electric  trucks 
10.7.3.1.  Battery 
10.7.3.1.1.  Metal  covers  shall  be designed  to provide  an air space  of at least  10 mm  above  the 
live parts  of the battery.  Alternatively  the covers  or live  parts  of the battery  shall  be 
insulated.  The  insulation  must  be firmly  attached  to avoid  their  disintegration  or 
displacement  in normal  use. 
10.7.3.1.2.  The  cover(s)  shall  be so constructed  that  in normal  use  no force  shall  be transmitted 
or contact  made  with  the battery  when  a force  of 980  N is applied  to the cover(s) 
over  any  area  300  X 300  mm  square. 
No C 165/26  Official  Journal  of the European  Communities  2.  7. 79 
The cover(s)  shall  be fitted  in such  a way  as to avoid  displacement  in normal  use. 
10.7.3.1.3.  Suitable  ventilation  holes  shall  be provided  in the battery  container,  compartment  or 
cover  so that  dangerous  accumulations  of gases  shall  not  occur  when  the equipment 
is properly  used. 
10.7.3.1.4.  Batteries  and  containers  of all trucks  shall  be constrained  to prevent  unforeseen 
displacement  in normal  use.  On  rider  lift trucks  means  shall  be provided  so that  in 
the event  of 90°  overturning  the battery  assembly  will  be constrained  so as to avoid 
the risk  of injury  which  could  otherwise  occur  by the battery  being  displaced. 
10.7.3.1.5.  No  sparking  components  shall  be installed.in  the battery  container  or compartment.. 
Battery  connectors  can  be accepted  as non-sparking  components  provided  they  are 
not part  of an emergency  isolation  system  (10.7.3.7). 
10.7.3.1.6.  Voltage 
The nominal  battery  voltage  shall  not  exceed  96 volts. 
10.7.3.1.7.  Voltage  limits 
Electrical  equipment  shall  be so designed  that  all functions  shall  operate  and  safety 
shall  not  be jeopardized  if the  battery  voltage  should  fall  below  the  nominal 
voltage  (i) by as much  as 30%  (i.e.  to 0 70 of the nominal  voltage). 
10.7.3.2.  Connectors  (other  than  charging  connectors) 
The connectors  used  for  connecting  the  traction  batteries  to the  equipment  of 
electrically-operated  industrial  trucks,  and  to the  charging  equipment  shall  comply 
with  the requirements  of Addendum  C. 
10.7.3.3.  It  shall  not  be possible  to energize  the  truck  movement  circuits  whilst  external 
charging  leads  are connected. 
10.7.3.4.  Resistors 
All resistors  shall  be located  and  arranged  so as to avoid  overheating  and  damage  to 
adjacent  parts  of the truck. 
10.7.3.5.  Protection 
10.7.3.5.1.  In  the  normal  operating  condition  of the  truck  the  uninsulated  live  parts  shall  be 
protected  to prevent  direct  contact. 
10.7.3.5.2.  There  shall  be no electrical  connection  to truck  frame,  with  the permissible  exception 
of: 
(a) frame  fault  detection  system; 
(b) lighting  and  ancillary  equipment,  providing  its operating  voltage  does  not  exceed 
24 volts  and  it is electrically  isolated  from  the main  power  source. 
10.7.3.5.3.  Motor  circuits  shall  be protected  against  short  circuit  conditions 
Auxiliary  circuits  shall  be protected  against  short  circuit  conditions  and  dangerous 
excess  currents.  Several  auxiliary  circuits  in parallel,  with  combined  current  not 
exceeding  10 amps,  may  be protected  by a single  device. 
10.7.3.5.4.  The  electric  circuits  shall  be so designed,  and  if necessary  protected,  that  two  or more 
frame  faults  cannot  cause  uncontrolled  operation. 
10.7.3.5.5.  Pulse  switching  systems  shall  be so arranged  that  in the  event  of any  fault  in the 
electronic  circuit  an uncontrolled  power-on  condition  is avoided.  Alternatively  each 
system  may  be duplicated  and  cross-monitored.  Means  shall  be provided  for checking 
the operation  of this  safety  circuit  or system. 
(') Nominal  voltage  = maximum  number  of cells  which  are  connected  in series  multiplied  by the nominal  voltage  of each  cell  (e.g.  2 0 
volts  for conventional  lead  acid  cells,  1-2  volts  for conventional  alkaline  cells). 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/27 
10.7.3.5.6.  Verification  of the dielectric  properties 
I. Type  text  — over  voltage  (10.7.3.9). 
II. Routine  test  — insulation  resistance  (10.7.3.10). 
10.7.3.6.  Conductors 
The cross-sectional  area  of conductors  shall  be so selected  that  during  operation  of 
the truck,  the temperature  shall  not  exceed  that  specified  for the class  of insulation 
used. 
Electric  cables  shall  be installed  in such  a way  that  they  are  protected  from 
mechanical  damage  when  the truck  is in normal  service. 
The following  provisions  apply  to conductors  external  to enclosures  (excluding 
component  flying  leads): 
(a) all conductors  shall  be flexible; 
(b) the cross-sectional  area  of conductors  of adequately  supported  cables  and  wiring 
harnesses  shall  not be less  than  0-5 mm2; 
(c) single  conductors  shall  have  a cross-sectional  area  not  less  than  10 mm2. 
10.7.3.7.  Emergency  isolation 
An emergency  isolating  control  or controls  shall  be provided  which  shall  be readily 
accessible  to the  operator  at all times  while  in any  of the  operating  positions 
recommended  by the manufacturer.  The  isolating  device  shall  simultaneously  isolate 
all poles  of the  main  supply  lines  and  shall  be capable  of interrupting  the normal 
maximum  current  (including  motor  starting  current)  by  one  of the  following 
methods: 
(a) connector  specified  in 10.7.3.2; 
(b) manual  isolator; 
(c) emergency  switch  connected  into  the coil  circuit  of two  separate  contactors. 
10.7.3.8.  Electro-mechanical  brakes 
Where  electro-mechanical  brakes  are fitted  these  shall  be mechanically  applied  and 
electrically  released. 
10.7.3.9.  Dielectric  type  test 
For ex-works,  new,  dry  vehicles  and  with  disconnected  traction  battery,  an 
alternating  test  voltage  between  25 and  100  hertz  shall  be used  for testing  between 
live parts  and  the frame. 
Semi-conductors  or similar  electronic  components  liable  to become  damaged  by 
application  of the test  voltage  may  be bypassed  or removed. 
If there  should  be need  to re-check,  the alternating  test  voltage  may  be reduced  to 
80%  of the test  voltage  specified  in the table. 
The alternating  test  voltage  shall  be as follows: 
Nominal  voltage Alternating  test voltage •Testing  time 
< 48 500 volts One minute 
^ 48 1 500  volts One minute 
10.7.3.10.  Dielectric  routine  test 
The insulation  in industrial  trucks  must  possess  adequate  electrical  resistance. 
As a routine  test  the industrial  truck  and  traction  battery  shall  be checked  separately. 
The test  voltage  shall  be greater  than  the nominal  voltage  and  less  than  500  volts. 
The insulation  resistance  between  live  parts  and  frame  of all electric  components  of 
the industrial  truck  shall  be deemed  adequate  if it amounts  to at least  1 000  ohms  per 
volt of the battery  nominal  voltage. 
The insulation  resistance  of the traction  battery  shall  be deemed  adequate  if it is at 
least  1 000  ohms  between  the live  parts  and  the container. 
No C 165/28 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
10.7.3.11.  Safety  devices  for electrical  and  electronic  circuits 
The electrical  and  electronic  circuits  of safety  devices  mentioned  in the  following 
points: 
10.7.3.7. Emergency  isolation 
10.10.5. Protection  of operator,  pedestrian-controlled  trucks 
11.1.1.2. 
11.1.1.3. : Reduction  of speed  and  braking 
11.1.2.1. 
11.1.1.4. Speed  limitation  and  prevention  of travel  ' 
11.2.5.2. Slack  wire  ropes  or slack  chains 
11.2.5.11. A second  limiting  device  at the top of travel  shall  be so designed  and 
fitted  that  even  in the event  of one  or several  faults  they  remain  fail-
safe. 
In the case  of mechanically  operated  switches  their  operation  shall  be effected  by 
opening  of the  circuit  but  through  a minimum  of intermediary  devices.  Their 
operation  must  not solely  depend  on weights  or drag. 
Note: 
Where  it is not  possible  to satisfy  the above  requirements  by a simple  electrical  or 
electronic  circuit,  it is possible  to duplicate  the electrical  or electronic  circuits  in order 
to check  their  correct  functioning.  A fault  must  cause  the  motion  to stop,  and 
restarting  must  not be possible  until  the circuit  has been  restored. 
10.8.  Systems  and  components  for lifting,  tilting  and  other  movements 
10.8.1.  Lifting  and  tilting  mechanism  (l) 
10.8.1.1.  Mast  mechanism  chains 
Only  leaf  and  roller  mechanical  chains  are authorized. 
Wheh  the lifting  mechanism  includes  chains,  the truck  manufacturer  shall  select  chain 
which,  in relation  to the minimum  breaking  load  certified  by the manufacturer  of the 
chain,  will  provide  a factor  (2) of at least  five  to one  in relation  to the static  load  that 
would  exist  in equally  loaded  chains  when  the  maximum  rated  load  is in the 
transporting  position,  assuming  no friction  in the  mast  structure.  Pulley  diameters 
shall  be at least  three  times  the pitch  of the chains. 
10.8.1.2.  Wire  ropes 
When  the lift mechanism  includes  wire  ropes  the truck  manufacturer  shall  select  a 
wire  rope  which,  in relation  to the  minimum  breaking  load  certified  by the 
manufacturer  of the  wire  rope,  will  provide  a factor  (2) of at least  six to one  in 
relation  to the  static  load  that  would  exist  in equally  loaded  wire  ropes  when  the 
maximum  rated  load  is in the transporting  position,  assuming  no friction  in the mast 
structure.  The  minimum  diameter  of the wire  rope  guide  pulleys,  measured  from  the 
bottom  of the groove  shall  be equal  to 22 times  the diameter  of the wire  rope. 
10.8.1.3.  Hydraulic  lifting  cylinders 
Lift cylinders  when  loaded  to the rated  load  conditions  of the truck  and  connected 
through  the hydraulic  circuit  of the truck  the total  leakage  of the complete  hydraulic 
lifting  system  (cylinders,  distributor,  etc.)  shall  only  allow  a descent  of the load  lower 
than  100  mm  in the  first  10 minutes  with  the  hydraulic  oil at normal  working 
temperature. 
(') Order-picking  trucks  are covered  in Chapter  11. 
minimum  breaking  load  when  new 
(2) K — ——————————— carrying  capacity  + dead  mass 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/29 
10.8.1.4.  Limitation  of stroke  of lifting  system 
The lift assembly  shall  be designed  to provide  positive  stops  to prevent  over-travel.  In 
addition  means  shall  be provided  to prevent  the fork  carrier  and  moving  elements  of 
the mast  structure  disengaging  from  the upper  end  of the mast.  All movements  with  a 
limited  travel  shall  be provided  with  positive  stops  to prevent  over-travel. 
10.8.1.5.  Lowering  speed  limitation 
A control  device  shall  be incorporated  in the lift circuit  which  even  in the event  of a 
failure  of the hydraulic  circuit  shall  restrict  the rate  of descent  speed  of the loaded 
lifting  mechanism  as much  as possible.  In no case  shall  the speed  exceed  0 6 m/s. 
10.8.1.6.  Hydraulic  tilting  systems 
The total  leakage  rate  of the complete  hydraulic  tilting  system  (cylinder,  distributer, 
etc.) shall  only  allow  a pivoting  of the mast  to the front  of less  than  5° in the first 
10 minutes,  from  the vertical  mast  position  when  the truck  is raising  its rated  load  at 
a height  of 2-5  m or, in the  case  of trucks  of less  than  2-5  m, at their  maximum 
height. 
The pivoting  speed  shall  not  exceed  0-5°  in one  minute  for trucks  with  a maximum 
tilt of less  than  5°. 
10.8.2.  Hydraulic  systems 
10.8.2.1.  Hydraulic  circuits 
Hoses,  piping  and  all connections  shall  be capable  of withstanding,  without  bursting, 
a pressure  at least  equal  to three  times  the operating  pressure  to which  they  might 
actually  be subjected. 
10.8.2.2.  All  hydraulic  systems  shall  include  a reliable  device  which  prevents  the pressure  in the 
system  from  exceeding  a preset  safe  level  (pressure-relief  valve). 
The device  shall  be so designed  and  fitted  that  accidental  loosening  or adjustment  is 
avoided  and  that  a tool  or key  is required  to alter  the pressure  setting. 
10.8.2.3.  In  the case  of a fault  or an interruption  of the supply  of energy,  the design  of the 
hydraulic  installation  shall  be such  that  the hydraulic  pressure  in the system  does  not 
cause  the pump  to function  as an hydraulic  motor. 
10.8.2.4.  The  hydraulic  system  shall  be designed  and  installed  in such  a way  that  its 
performance  and  reliability  are not reduced  or its components  damaged  as a result  of 
external  stresses,  vibration  or movements  of the truck  or components  thereof,  etc. 
10.8.2.5.  The  hydraulic  system  shall  be so designed  that  the oil in circulation  is continuously 
and automatically  filtered. 
10.8.3.  Fork  arms  and  carrier 
10.8.3.1.  Fork  arms  —  technical  characteristics  and  testing  in accordance  with  ISO 
International  Standard  2330. 
10.8.3.2.  Fork  arms  •— lateral  locations 
Means  shall  be incorporated  in the  fork  arm  and  carrier  to prevent  unintentional 
lateral  displacement.  Positive  stops  shall  be provided  to prevent  lateral  disengagement 
at the extremities. 
10.8.3.3.  Fork  extensions 
Fork  extensions  shall  be designed  to prevent  accidental  disengagement  from  the fork 
arm. 
10.8.4.  Slinging  devices 
The slinging  devices  shall  be so designed  as to avoid  any  accidental  risk  of 
unhooking. 
C 165/30 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
10.9. Operator's  position 
10.9.1.  Dimensions 
The operator's  seat  or standing  position  shall  be so constructed  that  while  operating 
the truck  the operator  shall  have  room  to withdraw  within  the plan  outline  of the 
truck. 
The dimensions  shall  not be less  than  the following  dimensions  (in mm): 
Direction 
of travel 
Front-seated 
320 
at feet Seated  driver 
Standing  driver 
250 
380 at feet 
400 at hips 
« " .  » 50 
' 500  at shoulders Direction 
of travel 
Side-seated 
Near  side 
Note: 
Positions  of the operator  place,  other  than  front  or side  facing,  are also  permitted  and 
equivalent  dimensions  apply. 
10.9.2.  Access 
Rider  trucks  shall  be designed  to permit  easy  access  and  egress  without  undue  risk  of 
slipping  or falling. 
The surface  of the  floor  shall  be slip  resistant.  An adequate  number  of steps  or 
running  boards  fitted  with  slip  resistant  surfaces  or coverings  shall  be provided. 
Each  step  or running  board  shall  have  a height  ab6ve  that  next  below  it or above  the 
ground  of preferably  550  mm  and  shall  not  in any  case  exceed  700  mm.  Safety 
handles  shall  be provided  as necessary. 
10.9.3.  The  operator's  seat  shall  be adequately  upholstered  and,  if necessary,  resiliently 
suspended  to minimize  the transmission  of vibration  to the operator's  person. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/31 
10.9.4.  Temperature 
The operator's  seat  and  all parts  of the truck  within  reach  of the operator  when  in his 
normal  operating  position  or when  getting  into  or leaving  his operating  place  shall  be 
insulated,  if necessary,  against  excessive  temperature  arising  from  the engine  or other 
equipment. 
10.10.  Protective  devices 
10.10.1.  Operator's  overhead  guard 
It shall  be possible  to equip  every  high-lift  industrial  truck  with  an overhead  guard  to 
protect  the  operator.  (This  does  not  include  pedestrian-controlled  trucks  or 
pedestrian  trucks  with  provision  for the operator  to ride.) 
Overhead  guards  shall  conform  to the following  requirements: 
10.10.1.1.  Design  features 
10.10.1.1.1.  General 
The overhead  guard  shall  extend  over  the operator  under  all normal  circumstances  of 
truck  operation. 
10.10.1.1.2.  Failure  of the tilting  mechanism  shall  not,  directly  or indirectly,  involve  injury  to the 
operator  by reason  of failure  of the overhead  guard. 
10.10.1.2.  Dimensions 
10.10.1.2.1.  The  overhead  guard  should  be designed  and  constructed  in a manner  that  does  not 
interfere  with  good  visibility. 
10.10.1.2.2.  Openings  on the top  of the overhead  guard  shall  not  exceed  150  mm  in one  of the 
two dimensions  width  or length. 
10.10.1.2.3.  For  rider-seated  trucks,  a vertical  clearance  of at lea^t  1 000  mm  shall  be provided 
from  the  point  of maximum  depression  of the  seat  under  the  operator  to the 
underside  of the guard  in the vicinity  of the operator's  head  when  he is in his normal 
operating  position. 
10.10.1.2.4.  'For  rider-standing  trucks,  a vertical  clearance  of at least  1 880  mm  shall  be provided 
from  the platform  on which  the  operator  stands  to the  underside  of the  overhead 
guard  in the  vicinity  of the  operator's  head  when  he is in his normal  operating 
position. 
10.10.1.2.5.  The  operator's  overhead  guard  shall  not  hinder  the driver  while  he is mounting  or 
dismounting  the truck. 
10.10.1.3.  Testing  of overhead  guards 
10.10.1.3.1.  General 
To test  protection  of the operator  from  falling  objects  (but  not the impact  of a falling 
capacity  load)  the following  tests  are to be carried  out on prototype  guards  fitted  to a 
truck  of the type  for which  it has been  designed. 
The mounting  of the  guards  on a test  chassis  is also  admissible  provided  that  the 
mounting  is the same  as that  on the truck  for which  it is designed. 
10.10.1.3.2.  Static  test 
The overhead  guard  shall  be able  to support  for one  minute  a static  rigid  test  load, 
uniformly  distributed  on the area  of the upper  part  of the main  frame,  according  to 
the following  table  and  graph: 
No C 165/32 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
Rated  capacity  of truck Static  test  load 
(Q kg) (kg) 
Up to 2 000 2 X Q maximum  4 000  kg 
from  2 000  to 5 000 2 000  + Q maximum  7 000  kg 
from  5 000  to 10 000 4 500  + Q maximum  9 500  kg 
2 
10 000 
9 000 
8 000 
7 000 
6 000  -j 
§ 5 000  -
4 000 
3 000  -
2 000  . 
I 1 1 
Rated  capacity  of truck  (kg) 
10.10.1.3.3.  A  dynamic  test 
The overhead  guard  shall  be able  to withstand  the  impact  of a hardwood  cube, 
weighing  not less  than  45 kg. 
The test  cube  shall  be positioned  to drop  in free  fall with  a flat  surface  approximately 
parallel  to the top of the overhead  guard,  and  not  strike  with  a corner  or edge.  The 
cube  shall  be dropped  a distance  of 1-5  m 10 times  so that  it strikes  the guard  at 
random  points  within  a 600  mm  diameter  circle,  whose  centre  is vertically  above  the 
centre  point  of the operator's  seat  or position. 
10.10.1.3.4.  Test  results:  static  and  dynamic 
After  both  tests  the  guard  shall  not  show  fracture,  parts  separation  or permanent 
vertical  deformation  exceeding  20 mm  measured  on the  underside  of the  guard 
within  a 600  mm  diameter  circle,  whose  centre  is vertically  above  the centre  point  of 
the operator's  seat  or position. 
10.10.1.3.5.  Auxiliary  fixtures 
During  the  dynamic  tests,  the deformations  that  might  occur  on auxiliary  fixtures 
such  as wire  mesh,  cloth,  toughened  glass,  etc.,  shall  be ignored. 
10.10.2.  Load  backrest  extension 
High-lift  trucks  shall  be designed  so that  they  may  be equipped  with  a load  backrest 
extension. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/33 
10.10.3.  Platform 
10.10.3.1.  Operator's  stand-on  platforms  on end-controlled  trucks  shall  extend  beyond  the 
operator's  position  and  be so designed  that  they  could  withstand  a compression  force 
corresponding  to the mass  of the laden  truck  and  applied  along  the longitudinal  axis 
of the  truck  with  the  outermost  projection  of the  platform  against  a flat  vertical 
surface. 
Note: 
For the  purpose  of this  section,  the  operator's  platform  includes  any  surrounding 
reinforcement  or parts  of the  truck  which  provide  resistance  to crushing  of the 
platform. 
10.10.3.2.  Operator's  stand-on  platforms  which  overhang  the  truck  shall  be provided  with 
guards  at the side  or front  of the platform. 
10.10.3.3.  Operator's  stand-on  platforms  which  fold  or pivot  shall  be equipped  with  means  to 
prevent  the unintentional  folding  or pivoting  of this  platform  when  the operator  is 
standing  thereon. 
10.10.3.4.  Operator's  fixed  stand-on  platforms  which  are  at heights  greater  than  1 200  mm 
1 above  the  floor  shall  be equipped  with  rails  or other  equally  effective  means  of 
protection  (1), comprising  top  rails,  intermediate  rails  and  toe  boards  to a height 
neither  less  than  900  mm  nor  more  than  1 100  mm,  measured  from  the upper  surface 
of the top rail  to the platform,  the toe boards  having  a minimum  height  of 100  mm. 
The rails  should  be capable  of withstanding  a force  of 900  N applied  in any 
horizontal  direction. 
Removable  or hinged  rails  shall  be constructed  in such  a manner  that  proper  rail 
positioning  is easily  accomplished  and  a secured  position  is visibly  discernible. 
When  hinged  rails  are provided  they  shall  open  only  upwards,  inwards  or sideways. 
10.10.4.  Wheel  guards 
Trucks  with  wheels  which  extend  beyond  the confines  of the truck  chassis  shall  be 
provided  with  devices  which  ensure  the protection  of the  driver  when  he is in the 
normal  operating  position  against  objects  thrown  up by the wheels  (e.g.  mud,  gravel, 
stones,  bolts,  etc.). 
10.10.5.  Protection  of operator  — pedestrian-controlled  trucks 
The tiller  of pedestrian-controlled  trucks  shall  incorporate  a device  to reverse  the 
direction  of travel  or stop  the truck  should  the tiller  in its operating  position  come 
into contact  with  a solid  body  (e.g.  the operator's  person). 
10.10.6.  Warning  devices 
Rider-controlled  industrial  trucks  shall  be equipped  with  a clearly  audible  warning 
device. 
10.10.7.  ,  Crushing,  shearing  and  trapping  points 
Relative  moving  parts  present  a hazard  to the  operator  in his normal  operating 
position. 
Such  parts  shall  be separated  by the minimum  distances  specified  hereunder: 
— places  where  the operator's  fingers  can be trapped:  25 mm, 
— places  where  the operator's  hands  or feet  can be trapped:  50 mm, 
— places  where  the operator's  arms  or legs  can be trapped:  100  mm. 
Alternatively  it shall  be considered  a satisfactory  solution  if the danger  points  are 
adequately  guarded. 
(') Chains  and  wire  ropes  are not  considered  as equally  effective  means  of protection. 
No C 165/34 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
10.11.  Visibility 
Visibility  on high-lift  rider  trucks. 
This  requirement  specifies  a procedure  by which  the  visibility  of unladen  industrial 
trucks  fitted  with  forks  or platform  (l) may  be ascertained  in a direction  through  the 
mast  and  parallel  to the forks. 
10.12.  Environmental  conditions 
10.12.1.  Noise 
The noise  emission  of a truck  is to be measured  in accordance  with  the  following 
specifications: 
10.12.1.1.  Environmental  noise 
The maximum  admissible  noise  level  in the environment  shall  be 90 dB(A). 
10.12.1.2.  Noise  at operator  station 
The maximum  admissible  equivalent  noise  level  (Leq)  at the operator's  station  shall 
be 90 dB(A). 
10.12.2.  Operator's  cabin 
10.12.2.1.  If  a cabin  is fitted  in lieu  of an overhead  guard  it shall  comply  with  the requirements 
of 10.10.1. 
10.12.2.2.  If  a totally  enclosed  cabin  is fitted  with  a heater,  the  heater's  air intake  shall  be 
connected  to a fresh  air inlet. 
10.12.2.3.  Provision  shall  be made  for adequate  ventilation  of the cabin. 
10.12.2.4.  If  glass  is used  in the window  apertures  it shall  be of the safety  glass  type. 
10.13.  Attachments 
10.13.1.  Attachments  (e.g.  clamps,  side-shifters,  etc.)  shall  be designed  and  manufactured  in 
such  a way  that  unintentional  detachment  and  lateral  displacement  are prevented. 
Movements  of the  attachment  and  its parts  shall  be mechanically  limited  at the 
extreme  positions. 
10.13.2.  Clamping  devices  shall  be so designed  that  the clamping  pressure  when  in the neutral 
position  is automatically  sustained.  In the event  of malfunctions  in the power  supply 
system  of an attachment  unintentional  movement  of parts  supporting  a load  shall  not 
be possible,  nor  unintentional  separation  from  the load. 
10.13.3.  If  the attachment  hydraulic  circuit  is equipped  with  its own  adjustable  pressure-relief 
valve  it shall  include  means  to prevent  accidental  loosening  or unauthorized 
adjustment. 
10.13.4.  Hydraulic  lines  (flexible  and  rigid)  and  couplings  shall  be so designed  that  the 
possibility  of damage  from  accidental  contact  with  objects  is avoided. 
The hydraulic  coupling  and  hydraulic  pressure  of the attachment  shall  be compatible 
with  the truck. 
10.13.5.  Attachments  shall  as far as technically  possible  be so designed  and  fitted  to the truck 
that the driver  has a satisfactory  view  of the roadway  and  of the load-lifting  member. 
(') Where  trucks  are fitted  with  attachments  that  may  reduce  visibility  they  shall  be considered  as partially  loaded  and  driven  as such. 
Crushing,  sheering  and  tracing  of attachments  other  than  those  which  gri^  the load 
shall  conform  to the requirements  laid  down  in 10.10^ 
10.13.7.  The  combined  load  moment  of an attachment  and  its load  shall  not  exceed  the rated 
load  moment  of the truck  to which  it is fitted.  The  stability  of a lift truck/attachment 
combination  together  with  the  load  shall  be verified  by the  truck  manufacturer  or 
according  to his instructions. 
When  determining  the  residual  lifting  capacity  of a truck/attachment  combination, 
account  shall  also  be taken  of the  impact  that  occurs  when  running  up against  the 
limit  stops  (e.g.  with  a side-shifter)  under  the  nominal  load. 
10.14.  Steering  shock  restriction 
The transmission  of road  shocks  to the steering  of sit-on  and  stand-on  trucks  shall  be 
limited  to such  on extent  as to avoid  injury  to the operator's  hand  or arm. 
10.15.  Lights 
Sit-on  and  stand-on  trucks  shall  be so designed  that  it is possible  to equip  them  when 
necessary  with  headlights,  red lights  and  possibly  a worklight  mounted  on a universal 
swivel. 
11. SPECIAL  REQUIREMENTS 
Trucks  with  elevating  operator  position  and  trucks  specifically  designed  to travel 
with  elevated  loads. 
11.1.  General  requirements 
Trucks  shall  be so designed  that  when  operating  under  their  special  conditions  (see 
Addendum  D) their  stability  enables  them  to travel  safely  while  the lift mechanism  or 
load  orientating  mechanism  is being  actuated,  or with  the  lift  mechanism  elevated, 
laden  and  unladen,  or such  lesser  operations  as the manufacturer  has decided  and  has 
limited  the truck  performance  accordingly  by automatic  devices. 
The following  types  of industrial  trucks  are excluded  from  Chapter  11: 
(a) trucks  without  lift (non-elevating  operator  platform  and  load  carrier); 
(b) low-lift  order-picking  trucks  where  the load  elevated  is just  sufficient  to facilitate 
transportation; 
(c) medium-lift  order-picking  trucks  where  the  operator's  platform  can  only  be 
elevated  up to and  including  120  m; 
(d) 'walk-off  type  order-picking  trucks  whereby  the  operator  leaves  the  truck 
platform  or pallet  and  enters  into  the storage  racks  in order  to move  loads  on to 
the platform  or pallet. 
11.1.1.  Operating  safety  arrangements 
11.1.1.1.  Where  truck  stability  depends  on reduction  of speed  and/or  braking  at a certain  lift 
height  (or heights),  operation  beyond  those  limits  shall  be automatically  prevented. 
Where,  above  certain  lift heights,  the truck  is only  permitted  to travel  at creep  speed 
(not more  than  2-5  km/h),  operation  above  this  speed  shall  be automatically 
prevented. 
When  a truck  is designed  to carry  out  three-way  stacking  it shall  have  a device  which 
automatically  prevents: 
No C 165/36 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
(a) travelling  at more  than  2-5 km/h  when  the load  is in the forward  position; 
(b) horizontal  displacements  of the load  when  the appliance  is travelling. 
This  requirement  does  not  apply  when  the manufacturer  guarantees  by some  other 
means  the stability  of the truck. 
11.1.1.2.  Trucks  designed  to operate  with  elevated  operator  position  or with  elevated  load  in a 
free ranging  mode  (outside  the guided  stacking  aisles)  shall: 
(a) be automatically  prevented  from  travelling  above  4 km/h  when  the  operator 
position  or the lifting  mechanism  is elevated  more  than  500  mm  above  its lowest 
position  (see  Figure  1); 
(b) be automatically  prevented  from  travelling  above  4 km/h  when  the  operator 
position  or lifting  mechanism  is elevated  above  500  mm  but  not  more  than 
2 500  mm  above  the lowest  position,  and  restricted  to creep  speed  (not  more  than 
2-5 km/h)  at these  elevations  when  the steering  is turned  more  than  10°  from  a 
straight  ahead  position  (see  Figure  1); 
(c) have  traction  automatically  prevented  or restricted  to creep  speed  (not  more  than 
2-5 km/h)  when  the operator  position  or the lifting  mechanism  is elevated  more 
than  2 500  mm  above  its lowest  position  (see  Figure  1); 
(d) except  at creep  speed  have  traction  automatically  prevented  when  the  load 
elevating  mechanism  is being  operated. 
11.1.1.3.  When  any  part  of a truck  mechanism  is able  to intrude  laterally,  into  the  racking 
space,  a device  or devices  shall  be provided  that  prevents  such  movements  while  the 
truck  is travelling,  lifting  or lowering,  and  similarly  prevent  travelling  except  at creep 
speed  (not  more  than  2-5 km/h),  when  the mechanism  is extended  or extending. 
11.1.1.4.  At  lift  heights,  where  truck  travel  is restricted  to creep  speed  (not  more  than  2-5 
km/h),  acceleration  shall  be automatically  reduced  to a rate  not  more  than  the 
maximum  deceleration  permitted  by the manufacturer  for that  elevation. 
11.1.2.  Service  brakes 
11.1.2.1.  For  operations  outside  the.  guided  stacking  aisles,  with  the operator  position  or lifting 
mechanism  not  more  than  500  mm  above  its lowest  position,  the brake  drawbar  drag 
shall  comply  with  the  requirements  of 10.3.1,  Group  A, or alternatively  the 
travel  speed  shall  be automatically  reduced  to not more  than  9 km/h  (see  Figure  1). 
11.1.2.2.  When  the  operator  position  or the  lifting  mechanism  is positioned  more  than  500 
mm above  its lowest  position,  both  within  the  guidance  aisles  and  free-ranging, 
provided  the braking  capability  is automatically  related  to speed,  the brake  drawbar 
drag  'F' (10.3.1)  may  vary  simultaneously  with  the  speed  in accordance  with  the 
formulae. 
11.1.3.  Safety  requirements 
All controls  and  their  mechanisms  and  systems  that  initiate  movements  shall  be 
biased  to the  safe  position  (movements  stopped)  and  designed  to fail-safe.  Where 
such  an arrangement  is not reasonably  practicable,  a warning  system  shall  be fitted  to 
indicate  failure. 
11.2.  Specific  requirements  for trucks  with  elevating  operator  position 
11.2.1.  Speed 
Trucks  with  an elevating  operator  position  shall  be so designed  that  their  travelling 
speed  in the  laden  condition  when  operating  on level  ground  does  not  exceed  16 
km/h  (see  Figure  1). 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/37 
11.2.2.  Traction  brakes 
11.2.2.1.  Service  brakes  and  parking  brakes  may  be operated  by a common  system.  Where  this 
arrangement  is used,  failure  of the system  shall  result  in application  of the brakes. 
11.2.2.2.  Service  brakes  and  parking  brakes  may  employ  common  mechanical  arresting 
equipment  (e.g.  brake-shoes,  cams  and  cam  levers). 
11.2.2.3.  Brake  actuation  shall  be by a control  normally  biased  to the  'brake-on'  position. 
Removal  of the  operating  force  shall  automatically  apply  the  brakes  to give  a 
drawbar  drag  consistent  with  stability  (10.3.1,  Group  D). The  extra  braking  required 
to operate  above  9 km/h  need  not  be so biased  (11.1.2.1). 
11.2.2.4.  Brakes  may  be power-assisted,  but it shall  be possible  to obtain  the minimum  braking 
specified  in 10.3.4.1  (c) in the absence  of the power-assistance  source. 
11.2.3.  Operating  position 
11.2.3.1.  The  operator's  position  on trucks  designed  to operate  above  12 m shall  be provided 
with  guard  rails  in accordance  with  the requirements  laid  down  in 10.10.3.4. 
11.2.3.2.  Gates,  doors,  etc.,  shall  be capable  of opening  only  inwards,  upwards  and  sidewards, 
and should  preferably  be self-closing.  When  the  truck  is designed  to elevate  the 
operator's  position  above  12 m, the gates,  doors,  etc.,  shall  have  a mechanism  that 
prevents  traction  and  elevation  movements  when  the  gates,  doors,  etc.,  are  not 
properly  in place. 
11.2.3.3.  In  'walk-on'  type  order-picking  trucks  where  a pallet,  etc.,  may  be used  as a walking 
surface,  means  shall  be provided  to prevent  its inadvertent  displacement.  In addition, 
'walk-on'  type  order-picking  trucks  elevating  above  12 m from  the ground  shall  be 
provided  with  means  to prevent  the  operator  falling  from  the platform  when  the 
pallet  is not in place. 
11.2.3.4.  For  'walk-on'  type  order-picking  trucks  (11.2.3.3),  where  the operator  position  may 
be raised  to heights  of more  than  12 m, the guard  rails  specified  in 11.2.3.1  shall  be 
extended  to encompass  the whole  of the area  accessible  to the operator  (and  assistant 
if permitted  by the design). 
11.2.3.5.  Where  the enclosure  of the operator  position  is such  that  an operator  could  become 
trapped,  either  the doors  shall  be designed  to facilitate  release  from  the outside  or an 
alternative  means  of egress/access,  such  as a roof  trapdoor,  shall  be provided. 
11.2.3.6.  The  floor  of the operator's  platform  shall  be approximately  horizontal,  slip-resistant 
and, if primarily  for outside  use,  designed  to prevent  the accumulation  of water. 
It shall  be capable  of withstanding  a pressure  of 1 800  N/m2  and  a mass  of 100  kg 
distributed  over  an area  of 0 16 m2  at any  part  of its surface. 
Where  the floor  is provided  with  glazing,  it shall  be of equivalent  strength  to the floor 
or be protected  to a standard  at least  equivalent  to the floor. 
Where  grated  flooring  is used,  the  holes  or openings  shall  not  allow  a 20 mm 
diameter  sphere  to pass  through.  The  section  of each  opening  shall  in no case  exceed 
400 mm2. 
11.2.3.7.  The  materials  used  in the construction  of the  operator  position  shall  be difficult  to 
ignite. 
11.2.3.8.  Where  the  sides  of the  operator's  platform  are  fitted  with  glazing,  the  protection 
specified  in 11.2.3.1  shall  be extended  across  the glazing  as appropriate. 
11.2.4.  Overhead  guard 
An overhead  guard  meeting  the  requirements  of 10.10.1  shall  be fitted  above  the 
operating  position.  Alternatively,  the requirement  contained  in 10.10.1.3.2  may  be 
waived  if an elevating  arresting  device  is fitted  on top of the overhead  guard  or on the 
No C 165/38 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
roof of the cabin.  On hydraulic  lifting  mechanisms  the pressure  limiter  may  be used 
for this  purpose  if the overhead  guard  is of an adequate  strength. 
11.2.5.  Safety  devices  and  constructional  details 
11.2.5.1.  A  device  or devices  shall  be fitted,  or the  controls  so arranged  to ensure  that  the 
operator  (and  his assistant  if permitted  by the design)  ( ') are safely  within  the con-
fines  of the cabin  or platform  before  any  movements  of the truck  or platform  can be 
initiated  by the operator,  and  also  to ensure  that  he/they  cannot  reasonably  extend 
beyond  the confines  of the cabin  or platform  without  cancelling  truck  movements. 
11.2.5.2.  Where  the operator  elevating  mechanism  employs  wire  ropes  or chains,  a slack  wire 
rope  or chain  detecting  device  shall  be fitted  which  automatically  suspends  the 
downward  motion  of the elevating  mechanism  of the operating  position  until  fault 
conditions  are corrected  and  the detecting/safety  mechanism  is reset. 
The elevating  mechanism  shall  be arranged  to prevent  wire  ropes  becoming 
entangled,  twisted  and  displaced  from  their  normal  operating  position. 
11.2.5.3.  The  aggregate  breaking  load  of the  set of chains  or wire  ropes,  as certified  by the 
chain  or wire  rope  manufacturer,  shall  be at least  for chains  10 times(  and for wire 
ropes  12 times  the  static  operating  load  supported  by all the chains  or wire  ropes 
together. 
11.2.5.4.  Safety  of lifting  equipment. 
11.2.5.4.1.  The  truck  shall  be equipped  with  a device  to prevent  the  operating  position 
plummetting  in the event  of a breakdown  or malfunction  of the lifting  system. 
11.2.5.4.2.  The  requirements  of 11.2.5.4.1  are considered  to be fulfilled  if one  of the following 
precautions  are taken: 
11.2.5.4.2.1.  —  there  is a catching  mechanism  provided, 
— if at least  one  chain  or one  wire  rope  is used  to ensure  operation  of the catching 
mechanism.  This  (these)  shall  comply  with  the  requirements  of 10.8.1.1  and 
10.8.1.2  respectively. 
These  shall  be in a no-load  condition  during  normal  operating  conditions.  The 
attachment  point(s)  shall  be so designed  as to be compatible  with  the shock  of the 
safety  device  coming  into  action. 
It shall  not  be possible  for  the  operator  to disengage  this  mechanism  unless  the 
descent  rate  is limited  to 0 6 m/s. 
11.2.5.4.2.2.  Fully  hydraulic  lifting  equipement 
A device  shall  be provided  which  prevents  descent  in the event  of a pipe  fracturing  or 
a hose  bursting.  This  device  shall  be either  attached  to or incorporated  in the  lift 
cylinder. 
11.2.5.4.2.3.  Combined  lifting  systems  (hydraulic  and  mechanical): 
— the  devices  mentioned  in 11.2.5.4.2.2  shall  be applied  to the  hydraulic  lifting 
mechanism, 
— the  mechanical  lifting  system  shall  have  at least  two  identical  chains  or wire  ropes 
whose  safety  factor  shall  comply  with  the requirements  of 11.2.5.3. 
The load  shall  be uniformly  distributed  between  the chains  or the wire  ropes. 
All effective  steps  shall  be taken  to ensure  that  in the event  of breakage  of one  or 
more  chains  or wire  ropes,  the arrangement  of the chain(s)  or wire  rope(s)  and  their 
anchorages  remaining  in use  should  be maintained  without  bringing  about  any 
deformation  of the basic  components  of the appliance.  The  breakage  of one  chain  or 
wire  rope  shall  cause  stopping  of the movement  which  is taking  place. 
11.2.5.5.  Where  two  control  positions  are embodied,  one  on the elevating  section  and  one  on 
the fixed  section,  it shall  be necessary  to prevent  actuation  of the  fixed  section 
(') Where  an order-picking  truck  is fitted  with  multiple  manning  security  devices,  a lock-out  master  switch  may  be fitted  to permit 
variations  of the manning  team.  The  switch  shall  be lockable  by a key  different  to any  other  used  on the truck. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/39 
controls  before  the elevating  section  controls  are operative.  However,  the emergency 
lowering  requirements  specified  in 11.2.5.8  shall  still  be applicable. 
The fixed  section  control  position  shall  be located  clear  of the area  occupied  by the 
elevating  section  control  position  when  lowered. 
11.2.5.6.  The,  energy  source  (normally  the  battery)  shall  be capable  of being  reliably 
disconnected  from  the  truck  traction,  lifting  and  load  manoeuvring  systems  by a 
means  within  easy  reach  of the operator  regardless  of the position  of the operating 
cabin/head. 
The system  shall  be so designed  that  no danger  will  result  from  interruption  of the 
power  supply  during  descent. 
11.2.5.7.  Trucks  that  are  designed  to elevate  the  operator  position  above  2 5 rn shall  be 
provided  with  means  by which  the operator  can  reach  the ground  safely  in the event 
of the operator  position  becoming  fixed  in the elevated  position. 
11.2.5.8.  Trucks  designed  to elevate  the operator  position  above  2 5 m shall  be fitted  with  an 
emergency  lowering  control,  operable  from  ground  level  even  in the absence  of any 
energy  source.  The  control  position  shall  be carefully  selected  so as to avoid  any  risk 
to the person  who  is operating  from  this  position. 
11.2.5.9.  The  lifting  mechanisms  shall  be provided  with  travel  limiting  devices.  One  of these 
devices  shall  be an obligatory  mechanical  stop  which  prevents  the lifting  mechanism 
becoming  disengaged  at the top of its travel. 
Means  shall  also  be provided  to prevent  the  operator's  position  being  accidentally 
disengaged  from  the lifting  mechanism  over  the complete  range  of its movements. 
11.2.5.10.  Trucks  with  an operator  position  designed  to elevate  above  2-5 m shall  be fitted  with 
a warning  light  visible  from  ground  level  when  the truck  is lowering  and  travelling 
11.2.5.11.  Trucks  equipped  with  pneumatic  tyres  shall  be fitted  with  a device  or devices  that 
minimize  inclination  and  prevent  loss  of stability  in the case  of tyre  failure. 
11.2.6.  Information  plates 
11.2.6.1.  The  capacity  plate  (10.1.2)  shall  clearly  indicate  not  only  the  capacity/height 
relationships  but also  heights  at which  brake  drawbar  drag  changes  are automatically 
imposed. 
The capacity  plate  shall  be permanently  fixed  and  be clearly  readable  by the operator 
in his driving  position. 
11.2.6.2.  In  addition  to the labelling  requirements  in 10.1  and  elsewhere,  the truck  shall  be 
fitted  with  a permanently  fixed  label  clearly  indicating  the  number  of persons 
permitted  on the operator's  platform  while  the truck  is in use. 
12. DOCUMENTATION  — OPERATING  AND  SERVICING  INSTRUCTIONS 
Each  powered  industrial  truck  (or by agreement  of the user,  each  group  of trucks) 
shall  be accompanied  by a book  (or  books)  detailing  full  operating  and  servicing 
instructions. 
The documentation  need  not  necessarily  be supplied  at the same  time  as the truck. 
No C 165/40 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
FIGURE  1 
Operation  In  aisle 
Speed  Vj Over 
9 km/h 
up to 
16 km/h  max.  (x) up to 
9 km/h Creep 
(not more  than 
2-5 km/h) Up to 
4 km/h Free ranging 
Up to 
9 km/h Over 
9 km/h 
up to 
13 4 km/h Over 
13-4.  km/h 
up to 
16 km/h  max. 
Elevation  Limited  by stability  only 
Steering 
Minimum 
service 
braking  9% 
drawbar, 
drag,  F 
Braking  . 
category  Special Over  500 mm 
to 2-5 m 
Guided  —Unlimited  ±10° 
10 Vi% 
Special Up to 500  mm 
Unlimited 
1 86 Vi%  25% 
Conventional  Conventional 
(') For  non-elevating  seated  operator  the 16 km/h  maximum  speed  does  not  apply. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/41 
Addendum  A 
DEFINITION  OF CAPACITY 
1. INTRODUCTION 
This  addendum  defines  'rated  capacity'  which  facilitates  the  comparison  of 
manufacturer's  basic  models.  This  rated  capacity  is related  to a standarized  lift height. 
It also  defines  'actual  capacity'  which  relates  to the rating  of a truck  when  fitted  with  its 
operational  mast.  This  actual  capacity  is derived  from  the relevant  standard  stability 
tests. 
2. RATED  CAPACITY 
The manufacturer's  rated  capacity  of a truck  shall  correspond  to the maximum  load 
Q (J) which  it is designed  to carry  and  stack,  on fork  arms  or platform,  with  a vertical 
double  mast,  the maximum  lift height  of which  is equal  to the standard  lift height  'IT,  as 
specified  in point  3, and  with  a standard  load  centre  distance  'D',  as specified  in point  4, 
measured  horizontally  and  vertically  between  the centre  of gravity  'G' of the load  and: 
(a) the front  face  of the fork  shank; 
(b) the upper  face  of the fork  blade  (see  Figure  1); 
or equivalent  dimensions  in the case  of trucks  fitted  with  a platform. 
Even  if the truck  does  not utilize  a double  mast  or does  not lift to the standard  lift height 
'H' it shall  still  be given  a rated  capacity  as if the mast  was  available. 
FIGURE  1 
D = standard  load  centre  distance 
G = load  centre  of gravity,  positioned  in the  longitudinal 
plane  of symmetry  between  the mast  uprights 
H = standard  lift height 
Q = load 
D 
ET 
H Q 
(') When  a truck  embodies  facilities  for an elevated  operator  an allowance  of 90 kg shall  be included  in addition  to the rated  load  'Q'. 
No C 165/42 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
3. STANDARDIZED  LIFT  HEIGHTS 
The standardized  lift height  is fixed  as follows: 
H = 2-5  m for pallet  stackers  and  high-lift  platform  trucks  having  a width  across  fork 
arms  or platform  up to and  including  690  mm. 
H = 3 3m for  all other  types  of truck. 
4. STANDARDIZED  LOAD  CENTRE  DISTANCE 
4.1. For  series-produced  counter-balanced  trucks  up to a capacity  of 10 000  kg, delivered  to 
countries  using  the international  unit  system  (SI),  the standardized  load  centre  distances 
used  for rating  shall  be the following: 
Load  Q Standardized  distances  'D' 
Up to but excluding  1 000  kg 400 mm 
From  and  including  1 000  kg up to but  excluding 
5 000 kg 500 mm 
From  and  including  5 000  kg up to and  including 
10 000  kg 600 mm 
— For  all other  trucks  except  side-loading  fork-lift  trucks,  the  standard  load  centre 
distance  used  for rating  shall  be 600  mm. 
— Side-loading  fork-lift  trucks  shall  be rated  at a load  centre  distance  specified  by the 
manufacturer. 
— It is permissible  to rate  trucks  for  special  applications  with  load  centre  distances 
related  to the application. 
5. ACTUAL  CAPACITY 
The acual  capacity  of a truck  is derived  from  the appropriate  stability  tests  and  will  vary 
with  the different  types  and  heights  of mast  fitted,  and  the different  load  centre  distances 
(see point  4) used  in rating.  The  rating  shall  be determined  with  standard  fork  arms  or 
platform.  Additional  actual  capacity  ratings  with  removable  attachments  may  also  be 
established  where  permitted  by the appropriate  stability  specification. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/43 
Addendum  B 
CAPACITY  PLATE  DATA 
1. INTRODUCTION 
This addendum  is to facilitate  the uniform  provision  of information  on capacity 
plates. 
The derivation  of the capacity  data  is covered  in Addendum  A. 
2. RATED  CAPACITY 
The rated  capacity  may  be shown  on the  capacity  plate  and/or  the  identification 
plate. 
When  shown  on the  capacity  plate  the rating  shall  be in kilograms  and  shall  be 
entered  in such  a way  that  it is not confused  with  the actual  capacity  entries. 
e.g. 'Rated  capacity  = 6 000  kg'. 
When  shown  on the identification  plate  it may  form  part  of the manufacturer's  model 
designation  and  may  be expressed  in tonnes  or kilograms. 
e.g. 'Model  No XYZ/6-0'. 
3. ACTUAL  CAPACITY 
The actual  capacities,  lift  heights  and  load  centre  distances  to be shown  on the 
capacity  plate  shall  comply  with  the following  requirements: 
3.1. The  actual  capacity  at the  truck  maximum  lift  height  and  the  standardized  load 
centre  distance  shall  always  be shown. 
Actual  capacities  of one  or more  other  load  centre  distances  shall  also  be shown  if the 
truck  design  permits  (1). 
3.2. When  it is permissible  to lift actual  capacities  greater  than  those  in 3.1 to truck  lift 
heights  less  than  the maximum,  these  shall  be shown  at the associated  lift heights  and 
standardized  load  centre  distance. 
Actual  capacities  at one  or more  other  load  centre  distances  shall  also  be shown  if the 
truck  design  permits  (1). 
3.3. For  special  applications  other  actual  capacities  and  load  centre  distances  may  also  be 
shown. 
4. ATTACHMENTS 
When  a truck  is fitted  with  one  or more  removable  load-handling  attachments  as 
original  equipment,  the  truck  shall  carry  capacity  information  additional  to that 
required  in point  3. The  actual  capacities,  lift heights  and  load  centre  distances  with 
each  attachment  fitted  shall  be shown  as follows: 
4.1. The  actual  capacities  at the truck  maximum  lift height  (if the truck  design  permits, 
otherwise  at the  maximum  permitted  lift  height)  and  the  designed  load  centre 
distances  shall  always  be shown. 
4.2. When  it is permissibile  to lift actual  capacities  greater  than  those  in 4.1.  to truck  lift 
heights  less  than  the maximum,  these  shall  be shown  at their  associated  lift heights 
and designed  load  centre  distance(s). 
In addition,  the capacity  plate  shall  clearly  identify  the attachment  to which  the ratings 
apply. 
(') The  additional  load  centre  distance(s)  shall  preferably  be standardized  load  centre  distances  and  for trucks  delivered  in countries  using 
SI units,  one  of these  distances,  if not already  included,  shall  be 600  mm. 
No C 165/44 Official  Journal  of the  European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
5. UNITS 
The units  (SI)  used  to express  the ratings  shall  be: 
— lift  height:  millimetres  (mm), 
— load:  kilograms  (kg), 
— load  centre  distance:  millimetres  (mm). 
6. MARKING 
The details  entered  on the capacity  plate  may  be in the form  of a table  or diagram. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/45 
Addendum  C 
SPECIFICATION  OF CONNECTORS 
1. SPECIFICATION 
1.1. Number  of models 
This  specification  applies  to three  models,  defined  by their  nominal  current  in amperes: 
80, 160  and  320  amperes. 
1.2. Definitions 
1.2.1.  Nominal  current 
The nominal  current  is the  current  in amperes  that  the  connector  is able  to carry 
continuously  without  exceeding  the allowable  temperature  rise  indicated  in 1.3.8. 
1.2.2.  Emergency  current 
The connector  is not meant  to break  a current  during  normal  use.  The  emergency  current 
is the maximum  current  that  the connector  is able  to break  in case  of a disconnection 
necessitated  by exceptional  or dangerous  circumstances. 
1.2.3.  Voltages 
1.2.3.1.  Maximum  voltage 
The connectors  shall  be capable  of being  operated  up to a maximum  voltage  of 150 
volts,  direct  current;  the  maximum  voltage  shall  be marked  on the  outside  of the 
connect  or (1.3.11). 
1.2.3.2.  Operating  voltages 
The nominal  voltages  of traction  batteries  shall  not exceed  96 volts. 
1.3. Manufacturing  details 
Each  connector  shall  comprise  two  connectable  halves.  Each  half  shall  be capable  of 
being  fitted  with  a mounting  bracket. 
1.3.1.  Casings 
The casings  shall  be of adequate  mechanical  strength,  fire  resistant,  non-absorbant  and 
resistant  to acid,  battery  gas  and  dilute  bases  (e.g.  salt).  They  should  be able  to be 
coloured  in all the normal  colours. 
1.3.2.  Contacts 
Each  half-connector  shall  comprise  two  main  contacts.  Provision  shall  also  be made  for 
two auxiliary  contacts.  All these  contacts  shall  be adequately  protected  against  corrosion. 
On all three  models  of connector  the auxiliary  contacts  shall  be able  to carry  a current  of 
20 amperes.  They  shall  not make  contact  until  after  connection  of the main  contacts. 
1.3.3.  Mechanical  parts 
Mechanical  parts  shall  be adequately  protected  against  corrosion. 
1.3.4.  Non-reversibility 
The casings  shall  have  incorporated  a non-removable  device  ensuring  the 
non-reversibility  of the two  half-connectors  to prevent  any  reversal  of polarity. 
No C 165/46 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
1.3.5.  Insulation 
When  the two  half-connectors  are separated,  the contacts  or current  carrying  parts  shall 
not be able  to come  in contact  with  any  metallic  parts. 
The insulation  should  be capable  of withstanding  temperatures  from  + 90 to - 20  °C. 
Considering  that  the maximum  temperature  should  not  exceed  90 °C, the internal  and 
external  insulating  materials  can  be chosen  from  class  Y or higher,  of recommendation 
No 85 of the International  Electrotechnical  Commission  (1957). 
1.3.6.  Degrees  of protection 
1.3.6.1.  When  the two  half-connectors  are coupled: 
— the  assembly  shall  be protected  against  accidental  contact  of persons  with  live  parts 
and against  the introduction  of middle-sized  foreign  bodies, 
— the  assembly  shall  be protected  against  the introduction  of liquids  when  this  assembly 
is tested  in its normal  operating  attitude. 
1.3.6.2.  The  half-connector  connected  permanently  to the battery  shall  be protected  against  the 
accidental  contact  of persons  with  live  parts  and  against  the introduction  of middle-sized 
foreign  bodies. 
These  various  protections  shall  conform  to the  degree  of protection  of Cenelec 
publication  HD  365,  namely: 
IP 2*—  Protection  against  the contact  of fingers  with  live  parts.  Protection  against  the 
penetration  of middle-sized  foreign  bodies. 
IP 3*—  Water  falling  in rain  at an angle  equal  to or smaller  than  60°  (about  1 rad) 
with  respect  to the vertical  shall  have  no harmful  effect. 
1.3.7.  Coding 
Each  connector  shall  be arranged  to be fitted,  if needed,  with  coding  means  preventing 
the connection  of a male  half-connector  with  a female  half-connector  meant  to operate 
on another  voltage. 
1.3.8.  Temperature  rise 
The contacts,  cable  connecting  parts,  casings  and  mechanical  parts,  shall  be able  to 
withstand  a maximum  temperature  of 90 °C (i.e.  a temperature  rise  of 65 °C above  an 
ambiant  temperature  of 25 °C).  The  final  temperature  should  never  exceed  90 °C in cases 
of special  operating  conditions  such  as higher  ambient  temperatures,  use  of cables  of 
smaller  section,  etc. 
They  should  also  be able  to withstand  a minimum  temperature  of — 20 °C. 
1.3.9.  Cables 
The two  half-connectors  should  be connected  to the battery  and  to the truck  equipment 
(or to charging  circuits)  by cables. 
Th# following  table  indicates,  for the three  models  of connectors,  the maximum  section 
of copper  cables. 
Nominal  current  (in amperes) 80 160 320 
Maximum  cable  section  (in mm2) 16 35 95 
Note: 
Variations  may  be required  if aluminium  cables  are used. 
1.3.10.  Locking/manoeuvrability 
Any two  half-connectors  when  joined  shall  be capable  of being  secured  together  by a 
locking  device.  This  device  shall  be capable  of being  unlocked  quickly  in case  of 
emergency. 
The two  half-connectors  shall  be able  to be separated  easily  in any  position;  one  section 
of the  locking  device  to be fully  dimensioned  to ensure  complete  inter-changeability 
between  designs.  A grip  may  be devised  to allow  connection  or disconnection.  This  grip 
may be combined  with  the locking  device. 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/47 
1.3.11.  Marking 
All connectors  shall  bear  legibly  and  indelibly  the following  marks: 
— manufacturer's  name  or trademark, 
— maximum  operating  voltage  (i.e.  150  V), 
— nominal  current  (in amperes)  (i.e.  160  A), 
— the  signs  '+' and  ' corresponding  to the contacts  to be connected  with  the positive 
and negative  poles  of the battery. 
2. TESTS  ON  PROTOTYPES 
The following  tests  shall  be carried  out  on the  prototypes  of the  three  models  of 
connectors.  Mass-produced  connectors  shall  be guaranteed  as being  able  to pass  the same 
tests. 
2.1. Temperature  tests 
The connector  shall  be connected  by means  of cables  of the maximum  allowable  section. 
Cables  shall  be connected  by one  of the  methods  recommended  by the  connector 
manufacturer. 
They  should  have  a length  of 2 m. 
Tests  shall  be carried  out under  nominal  current. 
The test  shall  continue  until  temperatures  are stable. 
The rise  in temperature  shall  be measured  with  thermocouples  or by other  methods  of 
equivalent  precision.  The  use of ordinary  thermometers  is prohibited. 
Temperatures  and  temperature  rise  shall  not  exceed  the values  mentioned  in 1.3.8. 
Temperature  rises  with  cables  of lower  sections  may  be quoted. 
2.2. Life  test 
Two  half-connectors  being  normally  coupled,  without  current,  shall  be separated,  then 
coupled  again. 
This  test  shall  be repeated  5 000  times.  After  this  test,  the connector  shall  be able  to pass 
the temperature  tests  described  in 2.1. 
2.3. Test  of disconnection  under  load 
2.3.1.  Test  of disconnection  in overload  conditions 
An assembly  of two  coupled  half-connectors  shall  be connected  to a source  of direct 
current  of 96 volts  through  a circuit  having  an inductance  of 0-50  ± 0-05  millihenrys. 
The connector  shall  carry  the following  currents: 
— model  80 amperes:  200  amperes, 
— model  160  amperes:  400  amperes, 
— model  320  amperes:  800  amperes. 
After  the current  is established,  it shall  be broken  by separating  the two  half-connectors. 
This  test  shall  be carried  out  five  times  consecutively. 
After  this  test,  the  connector  shall  be inspected  for  damage,  then  coupled  again  and 
submitted  to the temperature  test  described  in 2.1. 
Failing  to be able  to couple  or to pass  the temperature  test  shall  result  in rejection. 
2.3.2.  Test  of disconnection  under  short-circuit  conditions 
An assembly  of two  coupled  half-connectors  shall  be connected  to a source  of direct 
current  through  an inductive  circuit  having  an impedance  such  that  the time  constant  of 
the circuit  is 15 milliseconds  and  the current  to be broken  shall  be four  times  the nominal 
current,  when  connected  to a supply  voltage  of 96 volts. 
The connector  shall  be capable  of clearing  any  arcs  which  are drawn  as a result  of this 
emergency  disconnection.  It is not imperative  that  the two  halves  of the connector  should 
remain  serviceable  after  this  test. 
No C 165/48 Official  Journal  of the  European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
2.4. Immersion  tests 
Two  coupled  half-connectors,  without  cables,  shall  be immersed  for four  hours  in a solu-
tion of sulphuric  acid  having  a specific  gravity  of 1 10 ± 0-05  at ambient  temperature. 
After  rinsing  in clear  water  and  drying  the two  half-connectors  should  be able  to mate 
correctly  and  to pass  the temperature  test  described  in 2.1. 
This  test  shall  be repeated  in the  same  conditions,  using  a solution  of potassium 
hydroxyde  (caustic  potash)  of specific  gravity  1 10 ± 0 05. 
The coupled  half-connectors  should  be also  suspended  in hydrogen  gas for a period  of 
not less  than  48 hours  prior  to being  subjected  to the dropping  test (2.6). 
Each  half-connector  without  cables  shall  be able  to withstand,  for  one  minute,  a 
sine-wave  alternating  current,  with  a frequency  between  25 and  100  hertz  and  voltage  of 
2 000  volts  rms  applied: 
— between  the two  main  contacts, 
— between  the auxiliary  contacts,  if any,  and  the main  contacts, 
— between  all the contacts  and  the  metallic  parts  of the connectors  and  the  metallic 
parts  fitted  on the casing  (if this  casing  is made  of insulating  material). 
A half-connector  shall  be connected  to two  lengths  of 150  m of cable  of the maximum 
allowable  section,  the ends  of which  shall  be located  at 1 m above  the ground. 
The half-connector  shall  be dropped  from  a height  of 2 m on to a concrete  floor. 
This  test  shall  be carried  out 25 times. 
After  these  tests,  no part  of the  connector  shall  show  any  cracks  or permanent 
deformation. 
The half-connector  shall  be able  to mate  correctly  with  another  one. 2.5. Dielectric  test 
2.6. Dropping  test 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities  No  C 165/49 
Addendum  D 
VALID  OPERATING  CONDITIONS  FOR  TRUCKS  WITH  ELEVATING  OPERATOR  POSITION 
AND  TRUCKS  SPECIFICALLY  DESIGNED  TO  TRAVEL  WITH  ELEVATED  LOADS 
1. Valid  unrestrained  operating  conditions  for  trucks  which  elevate/orientate  the  load 
and/or  operator  while  travelling  or travel  with  the load  and/or  operator  elevated  are: 
(a) floors  smooth  and  level,  to the  truck  manufacturer's  specification,  and  able  to 
support  the mass  of the truck,  operator  and  load  in operation; 
(b) floors  free  from  foreign  bodies  and  material  which  could  affect  the operation/stability 
of the truck; 
and when  in a guided  mode  (overturning  forces  unrestrained): 
(c) guide  rails  or similar  devices  which  do not permit  the longitudinal  axis  of the truck  to 
deviate  from  the direction  of the aisle  by more  than  2°. 
Operating  conditions  other  than  the above  shall  be agreed  between  all interested  parties. 
RESTRAINED  OPERATION 
When  a truck  is restrained  in its operating  mode  so that  all overturning  forces  are 
resisted  by external  means  (e.g.  by truck  rollers  running  in restraining  rails  fitted  to the 
racking,  the respective  special  stability  tests  for operation  in the aisle  are not necessary. 
However,  the forces  generated  in operation,  as advised  by the truck  manufacturer,  shall 
be capable  of being  resisted  by the  equipment/devices  of the  static  installation,  and 
disengagement  of the equipment  while  operating  elevated  in the aisles  shall  be prevented. 
AISLE  CLEARANCE 
When  trucks  are operated  in their  guided  mode,  the normal  aisle  safety  widths  associated 
with  conventional  trucks  no longer  apply. 2. 
3. 
No C 165/50 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 2. 7. 79 
ANNEX  II 
MANUFACTURER'S  (OR  IMPORTER'S)  CERTIFICATE  OF  CONFORMITY  IN  RESPECT  OF 
POWERED  INDUSTRIAL  TRUCKS 
I, the undersigned 
(Surname  and  christian  name) 
hereby  certify  that  the  powered  industrial  truck  specified  hereunder  conforms  in all respects  to the 
requirements  of the separate  Directive 
(Title  and  number  of Directive) 
1. Category: 
2. Manufacturer/importer: 
3. Type: 
4. Type  number/serial  number  of powered  industrial  truck: 
5. Year  of manufacture: 
6. Any  additional  information: 
Date:  >. 
(Signature) 
(Position) 
2. 7. 79 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 165/51 
ANNEX  III 
CONFORMITY  MARK 
<D 1. The  conformity  mark  shall  be clearly  visible  and  indelible.  It shall  be affixed<sdirectly  beside  or on 
the descriptive  plate. 
2. The  dimensions  of the mark  shall  be so selected  that  the information  on the mark  is clearly  legible 
and visible.  The  actual  diameter  of the circle  described  about  the mark  shall  be at least  15 mm. 
3. The  upper  half  of the conformity  mark  shall  contain  the number  '3', it being  the designed  number  of 
this Directive.