COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
Brussels, 27.03.1995 
COM(95) 90 final 
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION 
Priority Actions in the Youth Field 
Activity Report 1993 
Contents 
I 
M. 
Ill 
IV. Introduction 
General objectives of the Resolution 
Operational infrastructure 
Progress and results of activities supported 
by the European Commission in 1993 
Future perspectives 
Annexes I 
2 
2 
2 
15 
17 
CÙ 
Priority Actions in the Youth Field 
Activity Report 1993 
Introduction 
1 Further to the European Commission's Memorandum "Young People in the European Community" 
1 , and recognising the need for further cooperation in the field of youth the Ministers responsible 
for youth matters in the Members States of the European Community adopted a Resolution on 
Priority Actions in the Youth Field2 on 26 June 1991 . 
2. The Resolution was designed to provide new scope for Community action in the youth sector, and 
set out four areas of priority action : 
Action I: Intensification of Cooperation between Structures responsible for Youth Work in the 
Member States; 
Action II: Information for Young People; 
Action III: Youth Pilot Projects - Stimulating the Initiative and the Creativity of Young People; 
Action IV: Cooperation in the Training of Youth Workers, particularly with regard to the 
European Dimension; 
3. For 1993, the European Parliament renewed the endowment of the specific budget line (B3-1012) 
it had created for the Priority Actions in the Youth Field for 1992, increasing the amount to 5.5 
MECU, which enabled the European Union to accord financial support to activities within the 
framework of the Resolution. In endowing the budget line for the Resolution on Priority Actions 
the European Parliament commented that the sum would also serve to support. 
Exchanges of Young People for Cultural Purposes in the European Union; 
Support for Initiatives of Community Interest developed by Youth Organisations; 
Exchanges with Central and Eastern European Countries; 
Exchanges with Latin American Countries; 
Exchanges with Mediterranean Countries. 
4. This report reflects the most significant results of the second year of operation of the Resolution 
on Priority Actions in the Youth Field, which concerned activities taking place between the 1 
April 1993 and March 1994. In 1993, the European Commission received some 915 applications 
and accorded financial support to 419 activities. The increased dissemination of information about 
the Priority Actions in the Youth Field was reflected in the number of applications received in 
1993 and the number of participants benefitting as compared to the previous year, illustrating a 
steady growth in interest in the Priority Actions. The total number of participants involved 
amounted to some 12,500 young people, youth workers, trainers and other multipliers in the youth 
field. Tables 1-4 (in annex) provide an indication of the number of projects received and 
accepted by Action and by Member State, the grants allocated by Action and by Member Stale, 
the percentage breakdown by Member State of the total grant allocation for each Action, and the 
number of participants by Action and by country. 
'Doc. COM(90)469 final 
2Official Journal n" C 208/91 
'ta s 
(«encrai objectives of the Resolution 
5. Activities supported by the Commission within the framework of the Resolution on Priority 
Actions in the Youth Field aim to intensify cooperation between Member States in the field 
of youth, outside formal education and training, taking into account the respective structures 
in the youth sector across the Union and reflecting the diversity of traditions and experience 
in this field. 
6. Activities supported within the framework of the Resolution on Priority Actions in the Youth 
Field-provide a range of measures which ensure complementarity and coherence with other 
existing European Union programmes and measures, ie. the Youth for Europe Program nics the 
TEMPUS Schemeand the.Youth Initiative Projectswithin the PETRA Programme. 
7. Activities are designed, in the medium- and long-term, to give rise to the development of a 
European dimension in youth work across the Member States. In this context, activities not 
only involve young people, but also multipliers in the Member States who are either persons 
responsible for youth at local and regional level, or who work direetly with young people, at 
local, regional and-nationaf level, outside the context of school or vocational training. 
III. Operational infrastructure 
8. In accordance with the Council Resolution, activities are implemented by the Commission of 
the European Communities. The Ad-hoc Working Group on Youth meeting within the Council 
follows developments regarding the implementation of the Resolution 
9. The European Commission is assisted in the implementation of the Resolution on Priority 
Actions in the Youth Field by an external technical assistance unit, the Petra Youth Bureau. 
IV. Progress and results of activities supported by the European Commission in 1993 
,10. The second year of activity of the Priority Actions in the Youth Field continued to offer a 
framework for the exchange of information and good practice between Member States 
accentuating the transnational approach and with a new focus placed on particular areas of 
youth provision i.e. youth participation, civic education, social exclusion, integration of young 
people and the training of youth workers This transnational dimension has also been extended 
to include not only national but also regional and local structures, with a noted trend being 
the establishment of new transnational partnerships between Northern and Southern Member 
States and new links formed.between regions which had no previous tradition or experience 
in European youth cooperation. 
H.';~ In line with the general objectives of the Youth for Europe Programme, the Priority Actions 
in the Youth Field also set out in 1993 Ho increase the opportunities available to disadvantaged 
young people. This was reflected in the number of hew projects specifically targeted at this 
group which represented some 25% of all projects notably young people who were socio-
economically deprived, disabled, from geographically isolated regions or members of 
immigrant or travelling communities. 
12. The Priority Actions in the Youth Field also provided the stimulus and the structure for young 
people and youth workers to explore new and more effective ways of combatting racism and 
xenophobia at all levels from the local to the transnational. The emphasis was not on ad-hoc 
emergency solutions but rather on long term preventive measures in which young people 
themselves were able to play a key role. 
13. It was noted that due to the multilateral component of activities with the third countries, the 
Priority Actions provided an operational framework which facilitated all Member States' 
access to youth cooperation with third countries. A number of Member States were able to 
develop their traditional bilateral cooperation into multilateral activities with certain eligible 
third countries, whilst other Member States set up first time cooperation and activities in the 
youth sector with new geographical areas which had not previously been explored. 
Action I : Intensification of Cooperation between Structures responsible for Youth Work in 
the Member States 
14. Under Action I of the Resolution, the Ministers call upon the Commission to promote 
activities which aim to intensify cooperation between structures responsible for youth work 
in the Member States, while taking account of existing European Union programmes in this 
field. 
15. Action I aims to enable those working in the youth sector in the Member States to identify 
partners, to share their experiences, to become more familiar with the work situation and 
structures in other Member Slates, to become acquainted with the realities and mechanisms 
operating in the European Union, to explore possibilities of cooperation in their particular 
areas of work and to better understand the framework provided by the European Union in the 
field of youth. To this end, funding is available to support study-experiences, seminars and 
workshops. 
16. Through Action 1, the Commission has sought to involve multipliers working in as many 
diverse contexts as possible in the Member States. Action I concerns : officials working in the 
youth" sector at national, regional or local level, ie. civil servants working in the youth 
departments of national, regional or local authorities; councillors for youth matters at local and 
regional level; youth association officers and youth workers working in a full-time, part-time 
or voluntary basis, at European, national, regional or local level, who are able to demonstrate 
a certain practical experience in youth work. 
17. In 1993, the European Commission received some 102 applications for funding under Action 
I and accorded grants to 56 of these. The majority of project applications were submitted by 
French youth work structures, followed by structures from the Netherlands and Germany and 
European non-governmental organisations. French applicants saw the largest number of 
projects supported, along with non-governmental organisations and structures from the 
Netherlands. Beneficiaries were mainly regional authorities, followed by non-governmental 
organisations, regional and local level youth organisations and national authorities. The United 
Kingdom hosted the largest number of activities (35%), particularly in the Greater London 
area, followed by Belgium, Italy, Germany, Spain, Greece and France. 
18. With regard to the number of participants involved, some 775 persons took part in Action I 
activities in J 993, reflecting the vast range of profiles existing in youth work structures across 
the European Union : multipliers working in regional youth work settings, youth organisations, 
community centres, youth clubs, youth information centres, drop-in centres, and multipliers 
involved in artistic and multicultural youth work. 
19. Of the 56 projects which received Community funding, 43 were study-cxpcricncés The study-
cxpericnccs provided an opportunity for youth workers and other multipliers to gain an insight 
into general youth work provision in the Member States and forms of youth work aimed at 
specific target groups in the wider youth population. For the most part, the study-experiences 
concentrated on : general practice of youth work at regional level; youth information 
structures; youth work methods and support services for the integration of sodo-economically 
disadvantaged young people; youth work provisions for young people with no formal 
educational qualifications; preventative youth work combatting aggression and violence 
amongst young people (particularly xenophobic behaviour); youth work with ethnic minorities 
and migrants; youth work with disabled young people; and cultural youth.work..' 
'."..• •••"''•"•. • " •• • •• • • "..-''•' •...,'>'••''.• " / ' •• - V 
20. Of the 56 projects which received Community funding, 13 were seminars which constituted 
platform s for examining youth policies relating to the general situation of young people in the 
Member States. The main thematic trends were : local youth policies and youth work 
provision; methods for working with youiig people at risk; multicultural youth work; anti-
racist youth work; artistic expression as a youth work method with urban youth; voluntary 
service activities; and environmental youth work, 
21: Overall, the activities granted reflected a wide spectrum of exemplary youth work and 
provided an insight into how youth work can be carried out with different target groups 
particularly in metropolitan areas of the European Union. The projects sought to establish 
forms of long-term intcr-regional cooperation, aiming to develop and formulate content for 
youth cooperation and to encourage the mobility of full-time youth workers. 
22; The operational framework provided by the Priority Actions in the Youth Field under Action 
I hassled to the implementation of activities between Member States and regions of the 
European Union where no tradition for cooperation in the field of youth previously existed. 
This is due to a move on the part of regional youth work structures towards extending their 
regional youth work to a wider European perspective and examining the transferability of 
youth work models: -
Action IT : Information for Young People ^> 
23. As a result of the process of defining transparent and effective modes of operation to avoid 
overlap and to increase the complementarity of Action 11 of the Priority Actions in the Youth 
Field and the Commission's Youth Information Action Plan, it was possible to accord funding 
to 22 projects in 1993 under Action II. These varied somewhat in content and objectives 
(including conferences and seminars, information campaigns, the setting up of a youth 
information database) and in. terms of the scope of the activities, which ranged from 
local/regional to European level. 
24. The Youth for Europe National Agencies were allocated funding under this budget heading 
towards activities involving the provision of information on Priority Actions in the Youth 
Field in the respective Member States. 
Action III : Youth Pilot Projects - Stimulating the Initiative and Creativity of Young People 
25. Under Action HI of the Resolution on Priority Actions in the Youth Field, the Ministers call 
upon the Commission to support at European level innovatory projects which involve 
interesting methods, are managed by young people themselves and are of importance to young 
people in other Member States. 
26. To this end, Action HI aims to stimulate the initiative and creativity of young people in the 
European Union by providing funding for Youth Pilot Projects set up by young people for 
young people, outside formal education and training, which reflect the social, cultural or 
economic situation of their local community. Youth Pilot Projects are aimed at all young 
people, aged 15-25 years, without exception and priority is accorded to projects which mirror 
the cultural/religious/linguistic diversity of the given local community. 
27. In 1993, Action HI continued to attract a large number of applications from groups of young 
people in their local communities across the European Union. The European Commission 
received some 363 applications for funding and accorded grants to 156 of these. Although in 
comparison with the previous year, there were fewer applications overall, the proportion of 
successful applications was significantly higher, with over 40% resulting in grants being 
awarded. 
28. The largest number of applications came from the United Kingdom, followed by Germany 
(where one third of the projects supported were in the New Lander), Spain and France. 
Reasons for wide range in the numbers of applications by country may be attributed to several 
factors : the extent to which information was successfully disseminated, long-standing 
traditions, or not, of local youth-managed initiatives or the existence of funding, or not, at 
national and regional level for young people's projects and activities. 
29. Applications were mainly submitted by local youth groups, social and cultural associations, 
church-based youth clubs or associations, local and regional youth services, and local and 
regional branches of national and international associations. For the most part, projects were 
set up by existing groups, though in some cases non-organised young people came together 
to set up Youth Pilot Projects. 
30. With regard to the number of participants involved in Youth Pilot Projects in 1993, the figure 
of 3,441 young people can only be considered a conservative estimate, representing the young 
people directly involved in managing the projects. In reality, Youth Pilot Projects play an 
important multiplying role, reaching many other local young people than those forming the 
immediate core group of the project. 
31, In line vvith the Youth for Europe Programme, Action III aims to encourage the participation 
of disadvantaged young people (whether their disadvantage be for socio-economic, regional 
or personal reasons) by providing up to 75% funding for projects involving this target group. 
In 1993, almost two thirds of those Youth Pilot Projects supported by the Commission 
involved young pcqpjc in this category 
32. Activities supported under Action III in 1993 reflect the needs, interests and concerns of 
young people in their local communities, across the European Union. Although project themes 
were varied, certain trends emerged, one important one being, for example, the concern of 
young Europeans with regard to the increase in racist and xenophobic activity in many 
Member States. Peer education and information projects were also popular, with youth to 
: youth information being recognised as the most effective way of getting a message across to 
young people in difficulty, whether this concerns drug or alcohol use and abuse, sexual health, 
youth rights, employment, or environmental issues. 
33. By providing a direct link between the European Commission and young people in their 
communities, Action HI has introduced a new Community dimension to local youth-initiated 
projects, bringing JEurope into the local community. In this context, over 20% of the projects 
supported came from relatively isolated rural areas of the European Union. In addition, a 
number of Youth Pilot Projects supported in 1993 chose Europe as a central theme, reflecting 
upon their local community as an integral part of the European Union as a whole arid 
concentrating on developing projects likely to have a meaningful outcome for young people 
in other Member States also. 
Action IV : Cooperation in the Training of Youth Workers, particularly with regard to the 
European Dimension 
34} Under Action IV, the Resolution calls upon the Commission to support initiatives in the 
Member States which permit an exchange of experience and information between those 
responsible for training youth workers in the diffèrent Member States; and/or which make it 
easierfor youth workers to use their qualifications in other Member States; or which lead to 
the setting-up and development of transnational and European links between institutions and 
organisations involved in the initiator further training of youth workers. 
35. Action IV is aimed at authorities of a Member State, organisations/bodies active in the field 
of initial and/or further training for youth workers at local, regional national and European 
levels and youth organisations with experience in youth worker training at European level. 
36 Activities supported under Action IV include : study visits for youth worker trainers, designed 
to enable participants to discover, the typical activities involved in training youth workers in 
other Member States and to launch concrete forms of cooperation; seminars and\studies to 
collect information on the status of youth workers and their training in other Member States; 
the development and implementation of training modulés for youth workers, the specific 
content of which should serve to illustrate the European dimensionr and to incorporate it as an 
added value into the initial or further training programmes for youth workers at national level. 
Activities supported under Action IV are distinct from other types of youth worker training 
activities, as foreseen in the context of the Youth for Europe Programme, for example, the 
latter being linked to the preparation, implementation and evaluation of youth exchanges. 
37 In 1993, the European Commission received some 37 applications for funding under Action 
IV and accorded grants to 17 of these. Beneficiaries were mainly regional youth authorities 
and public or semi-public training institutions linked to national, regional and local bodies. 
Of the 17 projects which received Community funding, 7 were study-visits for persons 
responsible for youth work training, 4 were cooperation projects to develop and/or implement 
initial and further training modules, and 3 were seminars. Another 3 projects were training 
courses. 
38. The study-visits for youth worker trainers were perceived to be an important measure, 
facilitating : the familiarisation with and comparison of training systems and professional 
qualifications in the Member States; the examination of youth work training in the context of 
the integration of disabled young people; the identification of existing modules of good 
practice for youth work with disadvantaged young people; and the examination of youth 
worker training involving rural youth. 
39. The projects concerning the development of initial and further training modules concentrated 
on the development of : a European curriculum for the further training of youth workers, 
including modules on mobility, intcrcultural learning, creativity against exclusion, and identity 
and citizenship; an inventory to assist youth work trainers and youth workers in working with 
young people with aggressive xenophobic and racist behaviour; modules to facilitate the 
understanding of European integration and mobility; a module on intcrcultural learning. 
40. The seminars granted constituted important multilateral fora, the thematic trends being : 
conditions for intcrcultural learning and its impact on European society; comparison and 
development of youth work training for deaf young people; and environmental education in 
a socio-cultural context. 
41. Action IV activities supported in 1993, served to create concrete forms of cooperation between 
training institutions in the different Member States. Whereas cooperation between the bigger 
Member States tended to dominate as concerned the study-visits, new forms of cooperation 
emerged between the Northern and Southern Member States in the development of training 
modules and in seminars. This has resulted in the creation of new transnational links and 
action programmes for trainers, the dissemination of different pedagogical working methods 
and the integration of a European dimension as an added value into the future training of 
youth workers. 
Exchanges of Young People for Cultural Purposes in the European Union 
42. Under this action, support is available for tri- or multilateral exchange projects, with a 
duration of between three days and four weeks, involving young people aged between 15 and 
25 years, which arc organised at the initiative of the participants themselves. Such projects arc 
required to have a coherent educational structure and, through the means of artistic expression, 
to provide those involved with a culturally enriching European experience. 
43. In 1993, the European Commission received some 77 applications for funding under 
Exchanges of Young People for Cultural Purposes and accorded grants to 18 of these. A 
considerable number of project applications came from autonomous youth groups and youth 
clubs, followed by youth organisations and European non-govcrnmcntal organisations. 
44. Some 910 young people benefitted in 1993 from activities granted under Exchanges of Young 
People for Cultural Purposes, thus enabling them to gain understanding of the cultural 
diversity of the European Union, to deal with current social and cultural phenomena with 
regard to young people's everyday realities in the Member Stales and to use artistic expression 
as a means of intcrcultural communication 
45. The projects included : a cultural awareness project using music to facilitate the exchange of 
ideas on cultural identity, values, conflicts and tolerance; art exhibition on European popular 
tradition; a youth media project involving the production of a film on multi-ethnic societies 
in the European Union; a musical on global awareness and limits of growth in European 
society; a street music and theatre project on xenophobia and racism as cultural phenomena 
in Europe; and musical expression projects with severely disabled young people in the context 
of "Antwerpen'93" Cultural capital of Europe. 
46. Artistic expression proved to be a youth-friendly working method, successful in facilitating 
communication between young people during the exchange projects. The exchanges 
constituted ideal platforms for young people to become acquainted with the cultural diversity 
of Europe, to maximise their own creativity, to promote understanding and respect in multi­
ethnic and multi-cultural European societies. 
Support for Initiatives of Community Interest developed by Youth Organisations 
47. This action is designed to provide youth organisations with the possibility, of intensifying 
cooperation at European level and to maintain appropriate contacts through the creation of 
infrastructures. Financial support is thus available for two types of initiative : concrete 
cooperation between organisations at local, regional or national level, to develop a specific 
v project of Community interest; and thé creation of an infrastructure, involving organisations 
in at least six Member States^ for the development of initiatives by those organisations and 
extension of the infrastructure to new partners. 
48. In 1993, the European Commission received some 49 applications for funding under this 
action and accorded grants to 18 of these. Most of the applications in 1993 were submitted 
by organisations working at European, regional and local level and concerned the development 
of their infrastructure in relation to the youth work already being carried out and the 
identification and development of networks with new partners. Applicants were mainly 
European non-govcrnmentai organisations (working in the environmental, disability, cultural 
and voluntary sectors), regional youth councils, local youth organisations and youth 
information centres: 
49. The activities supported were, for a large part, infrastructure projects, concentrating on 
improving information provisions to the various parties involved. 
50. The considerable demand for funding under this action in 1993 can be partly explained by the 
fact that very few "institutional" grants are available, either at national or at European level, 
for infrastructure or for the setting up of cooperation projects* This prevents new 
organisations, or groups of organisations, from m'ectingthe increasing demand for the setting-
up of appropriate infrastmcturcs to deal with new partners and for establishing cooperation 
projects with partners in the European Union and beyond. 
Exchanges with Central and Eastern European Countries 
51. With a view to intensifying cooperation in the field of the exchange and mobility of young 
people from the European Union and eligible Central and Eastern European countries not 
covered under the TEMPUS Scheme, Community funding was made available in 1993 for 
certain activities in the youth field with Armenia, Bclorussia, Georgia, Moldavia, Russia and 
the Ukraine. 
52. In preparation and consolidation for future activities in the youth field with Central and 
Eastern European countries, financial support was set aside for preparatory study visits and 
training courses involving youth workers and youth exchanges for groups of young people 
from the European Union and the eligible countries. 
53. Among the exchanges with third countries supported in 1993, the Exchanges with Central and 
Eastern European Countries drew the greatest interest, and this was reflected in the number 
of grant applications. Indeed, the European Commission received some 149 applications for 
funding for activities with Central and Eastern European countries and accorded grants to 77 
of these. The majority of project applications were submitted by German organisations, 
followed by European non-governmental organisations, organisations from the United 
Kingdom and from Belgium. Organisations from the United Kingdom saw the largest number 
of projects supported, along with European non-governmental organisations and organisations 
from Germany and France. 
54. Beneficiaries were mainly organisations involved in voluntary service and workcamp 
activities; coordination bodies of youth clubs; local youth councils; regional youth 
departments; regional bodies and associations involved in youth research, civic education, 
training and youth exchange; European non-governmental organisations; and organisations 
working with the disabled. 
55. With regard to the number of participants, some 4357 young people and youth workers took 
part in activities under the Exchanges with Central and Eastern European Countries in 1993. 
As concerns the breakdown of participants by Member State, those from Germany dominated, 
followed by the United Kingdom and France. Among the Central and Eastern European 
countries, the largest number of participants were from Russia, followed by Belorussia and 
the Ukraine . 
56. As for the countries hosting projects, the Central and Eastern European countries were in the 
forefront, headed by Russia, where the largest number of projects took place, followed by 
Belorussia and the Ukraine. Among the European Union countries, Belgium hosted the largest 
number of activities, followed by France and the United Kingdom. 
57. Of the 77 projects which received Community funding, 23 were preparatory study visits, 9 
were training courses and 45 were youth exchanges. 
58. The preparatory study visits arc aimed at youth workers, and arc designed to enable them to 
make contacts for the organisation of future youth exchanges between the European Union 
and the eligible Central and Eastern European countries, and to familiarise themselves with 
the situation of young people and the youth structures in the Member States and/or in the 
eligible Central and Eastern European countries. 
V 59. The majority of the 23 preparatory study visits granted provided opportunities for youth 
workers from the European Union to visit the eligible Central and Eastern European countries. 
For the most part, preparatory study visits concentrated on : local youth work provision; urban 
• —' youth; environmental youth work; young people at risk; voluntary youth organisations; 
voluntary service activities; youth worker training; youth exchanges. The visits proved to be 
exploratory activities, which focused on identifying the realities and needs in the respective 
Countries, coming to an understanding of the concept of youth work and examining the 
potential for future youth cooperation between Member States and Central and Eastern 
European youth organisations. In general, Jhe activities resulted in : the formulation of 
concrete youth exchange activities; and the establishing or intensification of contactsfor wider 
youth cooperation between structures, including infrastructural and training programmes 
60. The training courses arc aimed at youth workers, to enable them to become acquainted with 
x leadership techniques for youth work in general and, more specifically, with leadership 
techniques applicable to bi-, tri-or multilateral exchanges 
61. The 9 training courses were seen to constitute essential platforms for contributing to the 
quality of future East-West youth exchange activities and in ensuring the better qualification 
of youth workers for practical youth work at local level. The training courses did not set out 
to create opportunities for encouraging youth workers in the eligible countries to adopt 
Western European training modules with a view to facilitating future exchanges and youth 
cooperation, but rather offered frameworks which could be adapted to the training needs of 
the participating youth workers. 
62. In general, the training courses provided participants with : a notion of youth exchanges as 
jointly understood; leadership techniques applicable and tailored to the needs and 
particularities of both European Union and Central and Eastern European youth workers; 
acquaintance with the situation and role of youth workers; acquisition of organisational and 
animation techniques for youth projects with young people in their local environment and in 
a mobility context; familiarization with youth structures; a platform to facilitate the transfer 
and comparison of Working models in the youth sector, techniques for running youth 
associations; techniques for implementing youth projects with specific target groups (eg. rural 
youth, disadvantaged youth) and for assessing the impact of such projects. 
-•-•. ••'•.'•. r. -.--.•-.' '/' ' ' ' - .'•'••.'•.•• -,; ' 
63. The aims of the youth exchanges; which concern groups of young people aged between 15 
and 25 years, arc : to enable those taking part to gain an understanding of the economic, 
social and cultural life of the Member State or eligible Central and Eastern European country 
hosting the exchange; to facilitate the exchange of ideas and identification of common 
interests; and to encourage the development of permanent links between the young people. 
64 The youth exchanges supported included a large number of disadvantaged young people and 
concentrated mainly on : environmental education projects; peer education projects; civic 
education projects; community development projects; social exclusion projects; media projects; 
artistic expression projects 
65". The 45 youth exchange activities granted within the framework of Exchanges with Central and 
Eastern European Countries, reflected the wide range of interests and priorities of young 
people in both East and West. As much as the themes of the exchanges varied, they were 
nonetheless relevant both in a cross-frontier European context and with regard to young 
people's interests and everyday realities In general, exchange projects were the result of : 
contacts established over a period of years between organisations in the Union and the "old" 
10 
structures; recent initiatives-wishing to manifest solidarity with the eligible Central and Eastern 
European countries; or contacts established within town-twinning frameworks. Activities 
tended to be cither youth exchanges with very general aims, or projects linked to some form 
of labour (eg workcamps). 
()6 The 77 projects which received Community funding under Exchanges with Central and 
Eastern European Countries in 1993 were essentially a direct response to issues relating to 
young people in the light of the political and social changes in Europe. They reflected the 
organisations' determination to examine youth work in a wider intra-contincntal European 
reality, rather than in terms of separated Western or Eastern European contexts. 
Exchanges with Latin American Countries 
67. With a view to intensifying cooperation in the field of the exchange and mobility of young 
people from the European Union and Latin American countries, Community funding was 
made available, in 1993, for certain activities in the youth field with the following eligible 
Latin American countries : Argentina (AR), Bolivia (BO), Brazil (BR), Chile (CL), Colombia 
(CO), Costa Rica (CR), Ecuador (EC), El Salvador (SV), Guatemala (GT), Honduras (HN), 
Mexico (MX), Nicaragua (NIC), Panama (PA), Paraguay (PY), Peru (PE), Uruguay (UY) and 
Venezuela (VE). 
68. In preparation for future activities in the youth field, financial support was reserved for 
conferences/seminars, preparatory study visits and training courses for persons working in the 
youth sector in the Member States and in the eligible Latin American countries, and for pilot 
youth exchanges. 
69. In 1993, the European Commission received some 73 applications for funding for activities 
with Latin American countries and accorded grants to 35 of these. The largest number of 
applications were submitted by Spanish organisations, which, along with European non­
governmental organisations, also saw the largest number of projects supported. 
70. Beneficiaries were mainly organisations seeking to promote intergovernmental cooperation in 
the field of youth within the framework of the European Union's wider policy of development 
cooperation with Latin American countries; organisations developing cooperation and training 
programmes with Latin America; national youth institutions; organisations working with the 
disabled; youth information centres, regional youth departments, voluntary youth organisations 
working with young people at risk; youth development programmes and cultural; cultural 
associations; and European non-governmental organisations. 
71. With regard to the number of participants, some 1903 young people, youth workers and other 
multipliers benefitted from Exchanges with Latin American Countries in 1993. As concerns 
participants from the Member States, those from Spain dominated, followed by Germany and 
France. Among the Latin American countries, participants from Brazil dominated, followed 
by Argentina and Uruguay. 
72. As for the countries hosting projects, the Latin American countries were in the forefront, 
hosting twice as many projects as the European Union countries. The largest number of 
projects took place in Brazil, followed by Argentina. Among the European Union countries, 
Spain hosted the largest number of activities. 
11 
73. Of the 35 multilateral projects which received Community funding, 5" were 
conferences/seminars, 9 were preparatory study visits, 12 were training courses and 9 were 
pilot youth exchanges Priority was given to projects of an exploratory nature, which offered 
new platforms to initiate or intensify Euro-Latin American cooperation in the youth field. 
74. The conferences/seminars were aimed at persons working in the youth sector, to create 
partnerships with a view to future cooperation in the youth field and to become acquainted 
with the situation of young people and the mechanisms for youth work in the European Union 
Member States or in the eligible Latin American countries. 
75. The 5 conferences/seminars granted constituted platforms for examining the prerequisites for 
establishing youth policies relating to the general situation of young people in the participating 
countries, the youth participation and youth structures. For the most part they fell into one of 
the following thematic categories : youth legislation; active citizenship; local development; 
social exclusion of young people; and poverty and homeless young people. 
76. The preparatory study visits arc aimed at youth workers, to enable them to make contacts for 
the organisation of future youth exchanges between the European Union and the eligible Latin 
American countries and to familiarise themselves with the situation of young people and the 
youth structures in the Member States and/or in the eligible Latin American countries. 
77. Most of the 9 preparatory study visits grafted provided opportunities for youth workers from 
the European Union to visit the eligible Latin American countries. Preparatory study visits 
concentrated mainly on : local youth work provision; young people at risk; rural youth; youth 
work with young women; artistic expression; multilateral youth exchanges. The visits proved 
to be awareness-raising activities, concerning the realities and needs of young people in the 
Member States and in the Latin American countries within the framework of the wider North-
South dialogue. In general, the activities resulted : in the planning of concrete youth 
exchanges with specific target groups, such as young people at risk, rural youth, young 
women; and, in the establishing or intensification of contacts for wider youth cooperation 
between multipliers, including training and development projects. , 
78. The training courses arc aimed at youth workers, to enable them to become acquainted with 
leadership techniques for youth work in general, and leadership techniques applicable to 
international exchanges in particular. * 
79. Some of the 12 training courses granted resulted from earlier preparatory study visits or 
conferences within the framework of Exchanges with Latin American countries. The training 
activities proved to be platforms in which socio-cultural animation, peace and development 
education were dealt with as key elements in facilitating young people's active participation 
in their local environment and in multilateral exchanges. 
80. In general, the training courses provided participants with : a notion of youth exchanges as 
understood on both continents; leadership techniques applicable and tailored to the needs and 
particularities of both European and Latin-American youth workers; acquaintance with the 
situation and role of youth workers; acquisition of organisational and animation techniques for 
youth projects with young people in their local environment and in a mobility context; 
familiarization with youth structures; methods to encourage the participation of young people 
in development projects; youth work as an instrument in the social integration of young 
people; acquaintance with the social and political environment of young people, the 
democratic participation of young people in society, local youth work as an integral part of 
12 
civic education; a platform to facilitate the transfer and comparison of working models in the 
youth sector, techniques for running youth associations; and, techniques for implementing 
youth projects with specific target groups (eg. rural youth, street-children) and for assessing 
the impact of such projects. 
81. The aims of the multilateral youth exchanges, which involve groups of young people aged 
between 15 and 25 years, arc : to enable those taking part to gain an understanding of the 
economic, social and cultural life of the Member State or eligible Latin American country 
hosting the exchange; to facilitate the exchange of ideas and identification of common 
interests and to encourage the development of permanent links between the young people. 
82. Most of the 9 pilot youth exchanges granted, were the result of contacts and cooperation 
established over a period of several years between European and Latin American structures 
Pilot youth exchanges supported concentrated mainly on : community development projects; 
peer education projects; rural youth projects; cultural projects. The intercontinental pilot youth 
exchanges were important solidarity projects, which aimed to develop the concept of active 
citizenship among those involved. 
83. The Community funding set aside for Exchanges with Latin American countries in effect 
consolidated the opening up of a new geographical area to cooperation and activities in the 
youth sector. The 35 projects which received Community funding in 1993 were both 
exploratory projects, seeking to identify potential Latin American partners and to determine 
forms of cooperation, and projects aiming to develop and to formulate content for youth 
cooperation and youth participation at local and international exchange level. The transfer of 
knowledge and practical skills was shown to be a two-way transfer between the European 
Union and the Latin American countries, underlining the determination of organisations to find 
new common denominators, to the benefit of both groups of countries (i.e. youth participation, 
creativity in youth work). 
Exchanges with Mediterranean Countries 
84. With a view to intensifying cooperation in the field of the exchange and mobility of young 
people from the European Union and Mediterranean countries, Community funding was made 
available, in 1993, for certain activities in the youth field with Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. 
85. Given the experimental nature of activities in the youth field with Mediterranean countries, 
financial support was aimed at activities of a fact-finding nature, such as conferences/seminars, 
preparatory study visits and pilot youth exchange projects, which provided an opportunity for 
some initial groundwork, in terms of exploring the possibilities for future cooperation in the 
youth sector in general, and more specifically regarding youth exchange activities. 
86. In 1993, the European Commission received some 43 applications for funding for activities 
with Mediterranean countries and accorded grants to 20 of these. The largest number of 
applications were submitted by French organisations, followed by European non-governmental 
organisations. French organisations also saw the largest number of projects supported. 
87. Beneficiaries were mainly : organisations seeking to promote pan-Mediterranean youth 
cooperation within the framework of the European Union's Mediterranean policy; associations 
aiming to improve the social integration of immigrants (in particular from the Maghreb) in the 
European Union countries; networks mainly geared towards the prevention of urban 
13 
delinquency; trade unions; European NGOs; environmental youth organisations; and, national 
voluntary youth organisations. 
88. With regard to the number of participants involved, some 960 young people and youth 
workers took part in activities under Exchanges with Mediterranean Countries in 1993. 
89. As for the countries hosting projects, the Mediterranean countries were in the forefront, 
headed by Tunisia, where the largest number of projects took place, and followed by Algeria 
and Morocco. Among the European Union countries, France and Italy hosted the largest 
number of activities. 
90 Of the 20 multilateral projects which received Community funding, 8 were 
conferences/seminars, another 9 were preparatory study visits and 3 were pilot youth 
exchanges. v 
91. The conferences/seminars were aimed at persons working in the youth sector, enabling them 
to create partnerships with a view to future cooperation in the youth field and to become 
acquainted with the situation of young people and the mechanisms for youth work in the 
European Union or in the eligible Mediterranean countries. 
92. The predominant themes of the 8 conferences/seminars granted were : cooperation in the 
youth field within the general framework of the Euro-Arab dialogue; local development; 
Mediterranean identity of young people; social exclusion of young people; and, leisure-time 
agenda of young people 
93. The conferences/seminars proved valuable in providing an insight into the political systems 
and the youth situation in the respective countries and constituted a platform for becoming 
acquainted with the youth work mechanisms, focusing on youth from a social standpoint. The 
activities brought together multipliers working directly or indirectly with the same target 
groups (eg urban youth, marginalised youth, rural youth..), which led to the identification of 
partners and the launching of concrete cooperation in the social/youth field, in accordance 
with the needs of the organisations involved. 
94. The preparatory study visits arc aimed at youth workers, to enable them to make contacts for 
the organisation of future youth exchanges between the European Union and the eligible 
Mediterranean countries and to familiarise themselves with the situation of young people and 
youth structures in the Member Stales and/or in the eligible Mediterranean countries. 
95. Most of the 9 preparatory study visits granted provided opportunities for youth workers from 
the European Union to visit the eligible Mediterranean countries. The preparatory study visits 
supported concentrated mainly on : local youth work provision; youth workers' networks; 
voluntary service activities; multilateral youth exchanges. The visits constituted an opportunity 
for^ exploration and for determining feasibility as regards the potential for future youth 
cooperation between Member States' and Maghreb youth organisations. In general, the 
activities resulted in,: the establishing of contacts for wider youth cooperation between 
multipliers, without necessarily including the setting up of Euro-Mediterranean youth exchange 
projects; and,'''the formulation of concrete youth exchanges between voluntary youth 
organisations. 
96. The aims of the multilateral youth exchanges, which involve groups of young people aged 
between 15 and 25 years, are : to enable those taking part to gain an understanding of the 
14 
economic, social and cultural life of the Member Stale or eligible Mediterranean country 
hosting the exchange; to facilitate the exchange of ideas and identification of common 
interests; and to encourage the development of permanent links between the young people. 
97 Due to the experimental nature of this action, only 3 youth exchange activities with the 
eligible countries were supported Two of these involved socially disadvantaged voting people 
reflecting on their respective cultural and social situations, defining common cultural roots and 
examining the history of mulliculturalism in a European Union/Maghreb context. The third 
exchange, which took place in a rural community, involved young people from regions 
exposed to the development of the tourist industry and the subsequent effects of destruction 
on the environment. 
98. The 20 projects which received Community funding in 1993 were essentially fact-finding 
activities, which concentrated on exploring the potential for cooperation and new partnerships 
in the youth field, given the generally non-existent tradition in youth exchange and mobility 
between the Member States (with the exception of France) and the eligible Mediterranean 
countries, and the fact that young people represent some 60% of the total population in the 
eligible Mediterranean countries. 
Future perspectives 
99. Activities granted in 1993 illustrate that the Priority Actions in the Youth Field have continued 
to provide an operational framework which corresponds to a real existing need for the further 
intensification of cooperation between youth work structures in the Member States. 
100. As a result, of the wider dissemination of information concerning the Priority Actions in the 
Youth Field in all Member States, a further increase in the number of applications is expected 
in 1994. The European Commission, having successfully launched the Priority Actions in the 
Youth Field in 1992-1993, will henceforth place increased importance on the quality of the 
projects granted, with particular regard to project innovation, to new forms of cooperation 
between youth work structures in the Member States and to the concept of active European 
citizenship among young people at local and transnational level. 
101. In the context of the Priority Actions in the Youth Field, access to increased cooperation with 
third countries is facilitated for all Member States. In line with the Commission's proposal for 
the third phase of the Youth for Europe Programme, which will include exchanges with third 
countries as an integral part, special attention will be accorded to exchanges with these third 
countries in 1994, particularly to Exchanges with Central and Eastern European Countries. 
Furthermore, the European Commission will maximise its efforts to ensure that young people 
arc given the opportunity to develop a sense of responsibility, initiative, solidarity and 
Community awareness, as in the Youth for Europe Programme. Joint efforts with the Member 
States should be enhanced if young people in the European Union arc not to be marginalised 
as victims or offenders, be it in the context of xenophobic and racist behaviour, or due to any 
other form of disadvantage. The Priority Actions in the Youth Field will continue to provide 
an opportunity for cooperation between the European Commission and the Member States 
with a view to counteracting such trends. 
15 
102; In 1994, the framework provided by the European Union for activities under the Resolution 
on Priority Actions in the Youth Field has been maintained, the European Parliament having 
renewed the budget, line will) an endowment of 6 MECU. Member States will be increasingly 
involved in the mutual exchange of information with: the European Commission concerning 
applications submitted and projects granted. 
16 
Annex 1 
PRIORITY ACTIONS IN THE YOUTH FIELD 
1. PROJECTS RECEIVED/ACCEPTED BY ACTION AND BY MEMBER STATE IN 1993 
All selections 1993 
COUN 
TRY 
B 
DK 
D 
GR 
E 
F 
IRL 
I 
L 
NL 
P 
UK 
ONG 
TOTAL ACTION 1 
Rec 
5 
5 
10 
6 
4 
27 
1 
5 
2 
16 
4 
8 
9 
102 Ace 
3 
2 
6 
5 
3 
11 
5 
7 
3 
3 
8 
56 ACTION 2 
Rec 
6 
2 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
4 
22 Ace 
6 
2 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
4 
22 ACTION 3 
Rec 
38 
32 
53 
9 
47 
42 
18 
18 
3 
7 
33 
63 
363 Ace 
17 
10 
23 
5 
11 
15 
8 
12 
2 
4 
10 
39 
156 ACTION 4 
Rec 
1 
1 
2 
14 
1 
1 
3 
2 
5 
7 
37 Ace 
2 
5 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
4 
17 ICI 
Rec 
2 
1 
9 
2 
9 
2 
1 
1 
3 
19 
49 Ace 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
11 
18 CULT. EX. 
Rec 
8 
1 
15 
5 
3 
27 
1 
4 
2 
5 
6 
77 Ace 
2 
7 
2 
3 
1 
1 
2 
18 CEC 
Rec 
18 
7 
38 
1 
14 
17 
3 
5 
1 
7 
1 
21 
16 
149 Ace 
6 
5 
11 
7 
11 
2 
3 
1 
3 
16 
12 
77 LAT 
Rec 
2 
3 
6 
1 
21 
9 
2 
4 
3 
2 
4 
16 
73 Ace 
1 
1 
1 
11 
6 
2 
3 
1 
1 
8 
35 MED 
Rec 
4 
3 
22 
6 
2 
6 
43 Ace 
2 
1 
8 
2 
1 
6 
20 TOTAL 
Rec 
84 
51 
133 
22 
98 
168 
27 
46 
9 
38 
45 
115 
79 
915 Ac 
38 
20 
50 
13 
37 
61 
14 
28 
5 
17 
17 
68 
51 
419 
17 
Annex 2 
PRIORITY ACTIONS IN THE YOUTH FIELD/ 
2. GRANTS ALLOCATED BY ACTION AND BY MEMBER STATE IN 1993 (in ECU) 
All Selections 1993 
COUNTRY/ 
PAYS 
B 
DK 
D 
GR 
'• "E ',; '••' 
F 
IRL 
I 
:' L 
NL. 
P 
UK 
ONG 
Meetings 
TOTAL ACTION 1 
52 0Ô0 
23 400 
33 700 
55 800 
24400 
64 900 
55 100 
96 200 
17 400 
53 800 
41 300 
518 000 ACTION2 
87 952 
25 000 
12 200 
24 000 
12 000 
10 000 
47 581 
8 240 
10000 
TO 000 
75 750 
322 723 ACTION3 
123 170, 
84 500 
146 500 
40 400 
90 900 
98 752 
59 960 
111 700 
16 300 
31 600 
72 600 
£87 870 
1 164 252 ACTION 4 
18 000 
20 890 
3 000 
90 000 
26 800 
21200 
5 800 
91134 
276 824 ICI 
12 500 
19 500 
4 00O 
10 500 
12 500 
141 000 
200000 CULT. EX. 
22 200 
122 500 
39 800 
42 700 
6 600 
" 6200 
60 000 
300000 CEC 
1Ô0 8Q0 
43 300 
138 300 
101 530 
140 600 
45000 
68 500 
8 000 
61 000 
179 200 
159 400 
1045 630 LAT 
20 000 
12 970 
25 000 
335 100 
150 500 
51 000 
79 700 
25 000 
20 000 
221 800 
941 070 MÈD 
10 200 
22000 
118 500 
69500 
9 300 
83 .80.0-
313 300 TOTAL 
428 822 
189 170 
472700 
161 000 
615 930 
652 842 
168 960 
442 581 
122 540 
225 600 
152 800 
650420 
798 434 
415 830 
5 497 629 
18 
PRIORITY ACTIONS IN THE YOUTH FIELD 
PERCENTAGE RECEIVED PER MEMBER STATE OF THE TOTAL GRANT ALLOCATION 
EQR EACH ACTION IN 1993 Annex 3 
TOTAL 
7,80 % 
3,44 % 
8,60 % 
2,93 % 
11,20 % 
13,87% 
3,07 % 
8,05 % 
2,23 % 
4,10 % 
2,78 % 
11,83 % 
14,52 % 
7,56 % 
100,00% 
'•• * " -- -
19 ... 
COUNTRY 
B 
DK 
D 
GR 
E 
F 
IRL 
I 
L 
NL 
P 
UK 
ONG 
TOTAL ACTION 1 
10,04 % 
4,52 % 
6,51 % 
10;77 % 
4,71 % 
12,53 % 
10,64 % 
18,57% 
3,36 % 
10,39 % 
7,9.7 % 
100,00 % ACTION 2 
27,25 % 
7,75 % 
3,78 % 
7,44 % 
3,72 % 
3,10 % 
14,74 % 
2,55 % 
3,10 % 
3,10 % 
23,47 % 
100,00 % ACTION 3 
10,58 % 
7,26 % 
12,58 % 
3.47 % 
7,81 % 
8.48 % 
5,15 % 
9,59 % 
1,40 % 
2,71 % 
6,24 % 
24,73 % 
100,00 % ACTION 4 
6,50 % 
7,55 % 
1,08 % 
32,51 % 
9,68 % 
7,66 % 
2,10 % 
32,92 % 
100,00% ICI 
6,25% 
9,75 % 
2,00% 
5,25% 
6,25% 
70,50% 
100,00 % CULT.EX 
7,40 % 
40,83 % 
13,27% 
14,23 % 
2,20 % 
2,07 % 
20,00% 
100,00 
% CEC 
9,64 % 
4,14 % 
13,23 % 
9,71 % 
13,45 % 
4,30 % 
6,55 % 
0,77 % 
5,83 % 
17,14% 
15,24% 
100,00 % LAT 
2,13 % 
1,38 % 
2,66 % 
35,61 % 
15,99% 
5,42 % 
8,47 % 
2,66 % 
2,13 % 
23,57 % 
100,00 % MED 
3,26 % 
7,02 % 
37,82 % 
22,18% 
2,97 % 
26,75 % 
100,00 % 
Annex 4. 
PRIORITY ACTIONS IN THE YOUTH FIELD 
NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS BY ACTION AND BY COUNTRY 
(PROVISIONAL FIGURES) IN 1993 
Total number of participants - 12 500 
COUNTRY 
Belgique/Belgie 
Dan mark 
Deutschland 
Ellas 
Espana 
France 
Ireland 
Italia 
Luxembourg 
Nederland • 
Portugal 
United Kingdom 
TOTAL Action I 
-43 ;. 
.--•25; -
102 
63 
75 
96 
21 
71 
;-•.. - 5 ;" V. 
171 
54 '.•"'..'.' 
49 
775/ Action III 
398 
208 
417 
113 
210 
285 
658 
200 
,:•••• 25 •. * 
41 
146 
740 ,-•' 
3 441 Action IV 
. .1-' .;"•-•;' 
I 
13 
: • 3 x . 
10 
24 
7 
5 
.'• 3 / ' 
i v... 
., 2 
\o 
80 Cult Ex: 
143 
56 
196 
58 
82 
76 
16 
79 
3 
75 
44 
82 
910 
20 
Annex 4 2 
PRIORITY ACTIONS IN THE YOUTH FIELD 
EXCHANGES WITH CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 
NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS BY ACTION AND BY COUNTRY 
(PROVISIONAL FIGURES) IN 1993 
COUNTRY 
Belgique/België 
Danmark 
Deutschland 
Ellas 
Espana 
France 
Ireland 
Italia 
Luxembourg 
Nederland 
Portugal 
United Kingdom 
1 TOTAL EU/UE 
I N° 
PARTICIPANTS 
251 
157 
508 
33 
204 
325 
99 
77 
23 
89 
28 
404 
2 198 ARMENIA 
BELORUSSIA 
GEORGIA 
RUSSIA 
UKRAINE 
MOLDAVIA 
Total eligible countries 
Total other countries 
TOTAL PARTICIPANTS 51 
522 
32 
1 179 
334 
15 
2 133 
26 
4 357 
21 
Annex 4.3 
PRIORITY ACTIONS IN THE YOUTH FIELD 
EXCHANGES WITH LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES 
NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS BY ACTION AND BY COUNTRY 
(PROVISIONAL FIGURES) IN 1993 
COUNTRY 
Belgique/Belgie 
Danmark 
Deutschland 
Ellas 
Espana 
France 
Ireland 
Italia 
Luxembourg 
Nederland-
Portugal 
United Kingdom 
TOTAL EU N° ".':. 
PARTICIPANTS 
-.;. \ 74 •• 
:i 24 ;.:... \ 
109 
- 17 :•-
214 
105 
;, 69 :'''-•'.'•" 
82 
.3. '.• 
71 •;.' ; 
83 
59/ : . 
909 ARGENTINA 
BOLIVIA 
BRAZIL 
CHILE 
COLOMBIA 
COSTARICA 
ECUADOR 
EL SALVADOR 
GUATEMALA 
HONDURAS 
MEXICO 
NICARAGUA 
PANAMA 
PARAGUAY 
PERU 
URUGUAY 
VENEZUELA 
Total eligible countries 
Total other countries 
TOTAL N° 
PARTICIPANTS 130 
64 
132 
58 
82 
42 
25 
37 
55 
27 
48 
16 
40 
87 
32 
93 
21 
.989 
•'••• :~'S 
1 903 -,, 
22 
Annex 4.4 
PRIORITY ACTIONS IN THE YOUTH FIELD 
EXCHANGES WITH MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES 
NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS BY ACTION AND BY COUNTRY 
(PROVISIONAL FIGURES) IN 1993 
COUNTRY/PAYS 
Belgique/België 
Danmark 
Deutschland 
Ellas 
Espana 
France 
Ireland 
Italia 
Luxembourg 
Nederland 
Portugal 
United Kingdom 
TOTAL EU N° 
PARTICIPANTS 
58 
9 
19 
28 
87 
126 
28 
87 
2 
13 
38 
55 
550 ALGERIA 
MOROCCO 
TUNISIA 
Total eligible countries 
Total other countries 
TOTAL N° 
PARTICIPANTS 127 
146 
132 
405 
5 
960 
23 
ISSN 0254-1475 
COM(95) 90 final 
DOCUMENTS 
EN 16 
Catalogue number : CB-CO-95-103-EN-C 
ISBN 92-77-86873-2 
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg