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COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
C0MC85) 560 final
Brussels, 23 October 1985
EIGHTH REPORT 
FROM THE COMMISSION
TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
ON THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL AID
TO NON-ASSOCIATED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (NADCs)
C0MC85) 560 final

Con- S '  é  o
EIGHTH REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL ANDTHE EUROPEAN
PARLIAMENT
ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL AIDTO N0N-ASS0CIATED
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (NADCs)
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
Introduction :  Origin, objectives and procedures of aid to NADCs and
1  .structure of the eighth report 
The 1984 Programme
1.1 The funds available and the commitments
1.2 Analysis of commitments in respect to sectors, regions and 
composition of financing
2. Activities in 1984
2.1 Analysis of commitments and disbursements
2.2 Project preparation and monitoring
3.Evaluation activities
3.1 General considerations
3.2 An example :  The Cotton Development Project in Bangladesh1.
3.
3.
7.
10.
10.
16.
18.
18.
20.
ANNEXES
ANNEX 1  
ANNEX 3 
ANNEX 2Disbursements of commitments by calendar year 
Projects completed in 1984 
Services of external experts
TABLES AND DIAGRAMS
TABLE 1  :  Appropriations and commitments of 1984 programme 
TABLE 2 :  Commitments of 1984 programme by project and recipient
TABLE 3 :  Commitments of 1984 programme to LLDCs
TABLE 4 :  Commitments of 1984 programme by sector
TABLE 5 :  Allocation of commitments by recipient and by programme (1976 84)
TABLE 6 :  Commitments and disbursements by calendar year
DIAGRAM 1  :  Commitments by year
DIAGRAM 2 :  Disbursements by year after commitment

Page 1.
INTRODUCTION
Origin,. Objectives and Procedures of Financial and Technical·
Aid to NADCs
Financial and technical cooperation with NADCs was first introduced
in 1976, with an appropriation of 20 million units of 
account (then equivalent to approximately US 2 25 million) under 
Article 930 of the General Budget of the European Communities.  The 
amount of money allocated in the budget for this purpose has risen 
steadily, reaching 218 MioECU in 1984 and amounting cumulatively to 
over 1  200 MioECU for the period 1976-84. It has been used to 
finance development activities and projects in some 30 NADCs in 
Asia, Africa and Latin America. In addition, it has provided help 
to certain regional institutions and organisations run by these 
countries or active in them.
The fundamental objectives of financial and technical aid to NADCs 
were set out in Council Regulation 442/81, which laid down the 
general framework and principles for Community operations in this 
area. Briefly, these may be summarised as follows:
a) aid should be directed towards the poorest developing countries 
and the most needy sections of their population, with special 
importance being attached to rural development, particularly
in order to improve food supply;  . .
b) as a subsidiary form of action, participation in regional 
projects may be considered (and in this case, projects do not 
necessarily have to be in the rural sector); some aid is ear­
marked for measures to deal with exceptional circumstances,
in particular reconstruction projects in the event of a disaster;
c) aid is given in the form of grants and may cover imports and local 
expenditure, projects may be financed autonomously or by means of 
co-financinq with Member States or with international bodies;
d) funds should be allocated in such a way that a Community presence 
in the major regions of the developing world is ensured.

Page 2...
Regulation 422/81 is supplemented by general guidelines
decided each year by the Council on a proposal from 
the Commission and after consulting the European Parliament. These 
guidelines spell out the general objectives, mainly by defining 
possible priorities or by setting the quantitative criteria for 
dividing aid between the major geographical areas or the different 
types of operations. The guidelines for the 1984 programmé were agreed 
by the Council on 19 December 1983.
The procedures by which programmes are adopted are also laid down 
in Regulation 442/81. Starting from the 1981 programme (when such 
procedures were introduced), financing decisions for the various 
projects are taken by the Commission, after receiving the opinion of a 
financing committee composed of representatives of the Member States, 
under the chairmanship of the Commission. This committee meets several 
times a year, making it possible to examine projects in batches as and 
when they are ready. There were eight meetings of the committee in 
1984.
The same Regulation stipulates that the Commission must provide 
Parliament and the Council with information on the administration 
of the programme.
STRUCTURE OF THE EIGHTH REPORT
The first chapter of the report deals only with the 1984 programme.
It shows the allocation of the funds made available for commitments 
in the 1984 budget. The distribution of the funds is analysed by 
regions, countries, sectors, etc.

Page 3.
1  -  The 1984 Programme
” 1-1 The funds available and the commitments
The budget authorities approved the amount of 218 MioECU 
for the 1984 programme of technical and financial assistance 
to NADCs (Article 930 of the General Budget). TABLE 1  shows 
the breakdown of this amount according to the allowances 
made for general appropriations and geographical regions in 
the General Guidelines for 1984.
Under the Community's financial regulations, appropriations made 
available for an annual budget may be committed during the 
year in question,and the following year. In order to submit the 
Annual Report in due time, the deadline is set for the middle 
of the following year; in the case of the 1984 report - 31 
July 1985. Funds not committed by this deadline will be 
committed later that year, but are normally set off against 
the funds of the coming year. This explains why the total 
available amount indicated is 219.211 MioECU, of which 
209,585 MioECU has been committed up to mid- 1985. Consequently, 
9,626 MioECU remain to be committed later this year, mainly 
for projects in Asian countries. The appropriations made for 
disastei relief, agricultural research and programme 
administration have been totally committed already.
The individual commitments made under the 1984 programme, 
with project titles, amounts and recipient countries are 
specified in TABLE 2. Out of 28 commitments made in total,
20 (169.210 MioECU) were made for new projects in individual 
countries (of which 3 from catastrophy-relief appropriations) 
and 2 (27 MioECU) for regional institutions (BCIE and JUNAC 
in Latin America). One commitment (6.3 MioECU) was made for 
agricultural research institutes, and 5 (3.075 MioECU) were 
made as supplementary provisions to ensure successful completion 
of projects financed in previous years that suffered from 
financial constraints. Finally, one commitment (4 MioECU) 
was made to finance external experts for administrative 
support of programmes and preparation of new projects.

Page 4,
The second chapter analyses activities and disbursements in the 
calendar year 1984, including programmes for which the funds have 
been committed in previous years. Thus, attention is drawn to the 
fact that the administration and monitoring of on-going projects 
are of no less importance than the preparation of new ones.
This point becomes even clearer in the third chapter of the report, 
where the general aspects of evaluation and, as an example, the 
evaluation of the Cotton Development Project in Bangladesh are 
explained.
In ANNEX 2, the results of those projects which were completed in the 
course of the calendar year 1984 are summarised.

I/272/85-E Page b.
TABLE 1
APPROPRIATION AND COMMITMENTS OF 1984 PROGRAMME, ARTICLE 930 (IN 'OOP ECU)
General Appropriations 
Disaster ReserveAs provided 
by general 
guidelines
%
Agricultural Research 
Programme Administration 
Geographical breakdowns5,3
2,91)
2)
3)1,8
90,0 (=100)Programme 
Breakdown for 1984Brought forward 
from 1983Total avai 
able 1984Commitments 
until 31 July 
1985 %
11,500
6,300
4,00011,500,  11,5 00 5,3
6,300 ^,3002,9
4,000 4,0001,8
i
i %Carried 
word to 
Program1for-
1985
■ e
4)
Asia
Latin America 
Africa(  75)
( 20) 
(  5)
TOTAL 100,0147,150
39,240
9,8100,450
-0,086
0,847147,600
39,154
10,657138 , 600
40,175
9,010(70,3)
(20,5)9, 30C
t-1,021)
(  4,2) i 1,647
218,000 1,211 219,211 209,585(95,0) '  9,626. . 4 )
(4,7)
-0,5)
(0,8)I
(5,0)
1) The 1984 General Guidelines allowed between 5 and 6% of the total commitments
2) Approximate equivalent to 1983 level (in real terms) as allowed for by 1984 General Guidelines.
3) The 1984 General Guidelines allowed a maximumiof 3%of the total commitments
4) Calculation formula "commitments" minus "brought forward from 1983 divided by programme for 1984 l - H  l> 
I CD I I "  im

COMMITMENTS OF 1984 PROGRAMME BY PROJECTS AND RECIPIENTS
(in MioECU)
Commit
ment
Date-Pro­
ject N°.Title AsiaLat.Am.AfricaCatas-
trophiesOther
6/8484/1MALDIVES-Water supply and sewerage 1,7- -- -
5/8484/2THAILAND-Crop diversification NE 4,9-“--
9/8484/3C0L0MBIA-Reconstruction --*3,9-
7/8484/5B0LIVIA-Reconstruction ---3,4
10/8484/7NEPAL-NASC 5,0“--“
7/8484/6JUNAC-Food strategy and security -7,0-“-
12/8484/8BOLIVIA-Rural Microprojects -12,5---
10/8484/9LAOS-Water Supply 1,2----
12/8484/10INDIA-Supply of fertilisers 45,0----
12/8484/12THAILAND-Chi Basin 5,0----
12/8484/14B.  C.1.E . -20,0---
12/8484/15ANGOLA-Fish processing --6,76-*
12/8484/11INDONESIA-Small 'rrigation works 7,3■  *“--
12/8484/16PAKISTAN-Roads (refugees) ---4,0-
3/8584/18INDIA-Water control systems 15,0----
4/8584/20THAILAND- Planning 2,0--“-
4/8584/19OCCUPIED TERRITORIES Handicrafts 2,0- --
/85)84/21BANGLADESH-Rangpur rural development 27,0--“
6/8584/24BHUTAN-Water Supply 4,5-- -
6/85 -EXTERNAL EXPERTS ---“4,0
6/8584/17RESEARCH INSTITUTES ----6,3
/ 85D84/22PAKISTAN- Medium scale irrigation 10,0--“-
/851 )84/23YEMEN-Seed production 5,8----
/85D84/25ANGOLA-Water supply --2,25-
Supplementary provisions
80/26JUNAC-rural sector studies -0,255---
80/31CATIE-research support *0,040---
82/11SOUTH YEMEN-Dhalla flood damage --0,200-
78/23BOLIVIA-^bapo Izozog project -0,380---
80/15THAILAND-Huai-Mong 2/2 “
TOTAL 138/,40,1759,0111,510,3
(1) Decision expected in third quarter of 1985

Page 7.
1  -2 Analysis of commitments in respect to regions, sectors 
and composition of financing
Regions
The 1984 appropriations earmarked for geographical allocation 
have been committed to 11 Asian countries (Maldives, Thailand, 
Nepal, Laos, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, 
Yemen Arab Republic and the Occupied Territories), 1  Latin 
American country (Bolivia) and 2 Latin American regional 
institutions and 1  African country (Angola).
In 1984, 24,2% of these funds have been committed to the least 
developed countries (Maldives, Nepal, Laos, Bangladesh, Bhutan 
and Yemen Arab Republic), constituting a remarkable increase 
of the share of LLDCs in comparison to commitments of previous 
years, as TABLE 3 shows.
TABLE 3 Commitments of 1984 Programme to LLDCs
(Article 930 - excluding general appropriations)
Country Group 1976 -83 1984
'000 ECU % '000 %
LLDC's 139,040 15,8 45,400 24,2
other NADC's 742,445 84,2 142,3 85 75,8
TOTAL 881,485 100,0 187,7 85 100,0
Commitments for individual countries under the 1984 and previous 
programmes are presented in chapter 2.1, TABLE 5.

Page 8.
Sectors
In accordance with Council Regulation 442/81, the commitments 
in 1984 concentrated again on the agricultural sector. As TABLE 
4 shows, 75.1% of the projects will contribute directly to 
increasing agricultural production. With the exception of the 
Housing Reconstruction Project in an earthquake-striken town in 
Colombia (financed from appropriations made for catastrophy relief) 
all other projects are also located in rural areas and contribute 
either directly or indirectly to the increase of agricultural 
production (transport, banking, rural industry) or improving the 
livina conditions of the rural population (water supply, education).
TABLE 4 COMMITMENTS OF 1984 PROGRAMME BY SECTORS
SectorN° ofMioECU %Commitments
Agriculture 157,635 75,1
of which :
Integrated Rural Development 2(39,500) (18,8)
Plant Production 6 * (67,955) (32,4)
Irrigation 5 ** (34,880) (16,6)
Fisheries 1(  6,760) (  3,2)
Research 2 * (  6,340) (  3,0)
Agricultural Services 2 * (  2,200) (  1,1)
(qeneral)
Public Utilities 17,050 8,1
i  of which :
;  Transport 2(  7,400) (  3,5)
\ Water Supply and Sanitation 4 (  9,650) (  4,6)
|  Social Services 8,900 4,3
|  of which :
Educat ion 1(  5,000) (  2,4)
!  Housing 1(  3,900) (  1,9)
i  Industry 1 :  2,000 1,0
r' '  —Trade and Banking 1  20,000 9,6
Unclassified (Project Preparation 1 4,000 1,9
and Monitoring )
TOTAL 28 209,585 100,0
* of which one supplementary provision 
** of which two supplementary provisions

Page 9.
Cofinancing with other Donors
Of the 23 commitments for new projects made under the 1984 
programme (exluding supplementary provisions and the commitment 
for project preparation and monitoring) in 6 case^ projects were 
cofinanced with other donors. In 4 cases (84/1, 84/7, 84/21 and 
84/23) cofinancers were European Community member states (Federal 
Republic of Germany, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Italy); 
in 2 cases (84/9 and 84/16) international institutions (UNICEF,
UNHCR). In the case of the project 84/1, the Saudi Fund joined 
as a third cofinancer.
In summary, the total financial value of the cofinanced projects 
amounted to 104 Mio ECU, of which the European Community contributed 
44.7 Mio ECU (43%), other European Member States 17.0 Mio ECU (16%), 
and other institutions 30.2 Mio ECU (29%). The remainder was financed 
by the recipients.

Page 10.
2. Activities in 1984
2.1 Analysis of commitments and disbursement as of 31 December 
1984
The total commitment of technical and financial aid to 
NADCs made under Article 930 of the general budget from 
1976-1984 amounts to 1.208,7 MioECU.
Recipients were 17 Asian countries and 3 Asean regional 
institutions, 8 Latin American countries and 10 Latin 
American regional institutions as well as three African 
countries. Three further countries (Bolivia, Colombia and PDR Yemen) 
benefitted from catastrophy-relief measures also financed 
under Article 930. Therefore, until now, in total 30 
NADCs and 13 regional institutions participated in the 
programme.
The distribution of the total commitments by individual 
countries are shown in TABLE 5.
An additional budgetary heading (Art 958 - Special programme to 
combat hunger in the world) was introduced in 1983 and continued 
in 1984. The global amounts by this heading covered the Africa- 
Carribean-Pacific group of countries (ACPs) as well as the Southern 
and Eastern Mediterranean countries, and the NADCs. Although for 
the ACPs Art 958 allowed projects to be financed which fell outside 
the possibilities offered by the Lomé Convention, for the NADCs it 
covered more or less the same type of action which could be under­
taken within the framework of Art 930. In practice, therefore,
Art 958 offered NADCs with modest additional resources to those 
available under Art 930.
In order to present as full a picture as possible, the following 
TABLE, as well as DIAGRAM I, include projects financed under 
Art 958.

Page 11 .
TABLE 5
ALLOCATION OF COMMITMENTS BY RECIPIENT, 1976 - 1984 (MioECU)
197619811982 1983 1984 TOTAL
- 80 I F O lArt 958 Art 930Art 9581976
- 84
I. NORMAL PROJECTS
Afghani stan 1.0---- --1.0
Bangladesh 32.712.0023.6017.0 7.0 27.0 -119.3
Bhutan --3.40-- 4.5 -7.9
Burma 5.95.50-2.50 - --13.9
China ---6.00 - --6.0
India 86.436.0046.0064.50 -60.0 -292.9
Indonesia 26.612.0011.6721.20 - 7.3 -78.77
Laos 4.1---- 1.2 -5.3
Maldives 0.5---- 1.7-2.2
Nepal 5.2-3.705.303.3 5.05.027.5
Paki stan 24.312.00-7.80 -10.0 -54.1
Philippines 8.07.10--- --15.1
Sri Lanka 21.7--20.00 - --41.7
Thai land 20.52.2017.2126.74 -14.1 -80.75
Vietnam 2.4---- --2.4
West Bank + Gaza -1.65--- 2.0 -3.65
Yemen (North) 3.15.20-2.74 - 5.8 -16.84
ADB 4.31 .00--- --5.3
ASEAN 0.97.100.037.50 - -15.53
Mekong Committee 0.4--0.75 - --1.15
Sub-Total Asia 248-0101.75105.6118a 0310.3 138.6 5.0791.29
Bolivia 8.7-—16.00 -12.88012.049.580
Costa Rica --18.00 -- --18.0
Dominican Republic --12.00 -- -6.018.0
Ecuador 2.93.00 -- --5.9
Haiti 12.9-6.60-2.43 --21.93
Honduras 14.8-16.909.00 - --40.7
Ni caragua 2.88.259.803.66 - --24.51
Peru 2.0--11.60 - --13.6
Andean Pact/JUNAC 8.65.030.686.06 - 7255 -27.625
BCIE 3.23 ---20.0 -23.23
CATIE 1 .87 --- 0.040 -1  .91
CFAD (Solidarios) 1 .8---- --1.8
CIM --,-1.40 - --1.4
CIMMYT --2.00-- --2.0
IDB 2.0---- --2.0
IICA -1.60--- --1.6
INCAP 1.8---- --1.8
OLADE 1.20.53--- --1.73
Sub-Total Latin 64.618.4165.9847.72 2.43 40.17518.0257.315
America
Angola 1.4-8.75--9.01-19.16
Mozambique 3,0-10.669.075 - “ 22.735
Zimbabwe 14,5---- --14.5
Sub-Total Africa 18.9 19.419.075 9.0', 56.395
TOTAL NORMAL 331 .5120.16191.00238.82512.73 187.78523.01105.00
PROJECTS

(Cont.)
1976 
- 801981198219831984TOTAL
1976-84
II. POST CATASTROPHE 
PROJECTS
Angola 
Boli via 
Colombia
Dominican Republic
Dorn. Rep./Haiti
Equateur
Honduras
India
Mozambique 
Ni caragua 
Paki stan 
Peru
Sri Lanka 
Yemen North 
Yemen South 
Zimbabwe 
Central America
Total4.8
10.9
2.5
1.5 
3.0
4.0
1.1
27.87.00
2.70
9.701,6cf ^
4.00
1.60Î1 5
2.50
9.702,0
1.50
2.85
2.50
2.55
11.403.4
3.9
4.0
0.2
11.50
Post-Catastrophe
III. AGRICULTURAL 
RESEARCH
CIAT 
CIP
ICRISAT 
IRRI 
ISNAR
Total Research2.95 
1.5 
5.55 
4.0
14.01.40
0.80
1.20
1.50
4.901.60
0.90
1.30
1.70
5.501.70
0.95
1.40
1.80
0.15
6.001.7 
1.0 
1.6
1.8 
0.2 
6.3
IV. SPECIAL PROVISIONS
Services of 
external experts
Total
Special Provisions 6.03.504.004.04.0
Total Committed 
Funding (I + II 
+ III + IV)379.3138.2621Q20272.955232.5 85
(1) Honduras/Nicaragua - bridge reconstruction  - 50/50 split

Page 13.
PAYMENTS
Special attention must be given to the aspect of disbursement 
of the committed funds: it could be considered as a quantitative 
indicator for the speed of project implementation and certainly 
can be used as a base for calculating future disbursements and the 
cash provisions to be made in future budgets. As explained earlier, 
appropriations made in an annual budget may be committed in the 
same year or in the following year. In order to be able to present 
the disbursement situation as realistically as possible, only 
disbursements and commitments of the same calendar year are compared 
in the following analysis which shows the percentage of annual 
commitments which have been disbursed by the end of 1984:
TABLE 6 :  Commitments and disbursements by Calendar year
Calendar year Commi tment s 
in MioECUDi sbursements 
in MioECUDisbursements in % 
of commitments
1976 21,7 21,1 97
1977 44,8 34,9 78
1978 29,7 21,7- 73
1979 117,9 98,4 83
1980 133,6 101,0 76
1981 153,6 76,3 50
1982 135,1 43,8 32
1983 227,5 96,1 42
1984 249,3 7,7 3
TOTAL 1976-84 1  .113,2 501,0 45,0
From the table it is clear that over three quarters of the commitments 
made in the years 1976-1980 have already been disbursed.

Page 14.
COMMITMENTS BY CALENDAR YEAR
The increase of amounts committed in each financial year 
(01 January - 31 December) is shown in DIAGRAM 1. It illustrates 
the remarkable increase, especially in the last three years when 
55% of all commitments were made (if one included the commitments 
from Article 958, the figure would be 57%).
DIAGRAM I :  Commitments (Articles 930 and 958) by budget years
MioECU
240
200
160
1 2 0
80
40U Z Z A  ~ Article 930 
Article 958243.0 241.0
1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 budget
year

Page 15.
Projects rarely start in the year of commitment of funds because final 
negotiations and signing of financial agreements can only start after 
the Commission's decisi on based on the Financial Committee's favourable 
opinion ofthe financing proposal. Therefore, disbursemenls in the year of 
commitment are necessarily low. But the analysis shows that - as an 
average of all commitments made in the years 1976-84 - 58% of the 
disbursements were made in the first three years after commitment, 
and 78% in the first five years.
In DIAGRAM II, the average rate of disbursement by years following 
the commitment is shown:

Page 16.
2.2 Project Preparation and Monitoring
Although specialised advisory services are often provided 
for within the framework of specific projects, this does 
not cover the preparation of new projects nor is it always 
sufficient to guarantee that the project is carried out 
under optimum conditions.
For this reason, a small proportion of the total resources 
of aid to the NADCs is reserved for technical assistance, 
either on a short-term basis or for longer-term help 
in the preparation, realisation and control of projects, 
especially in countries where the social, economic or 
administrative problems are most serious.
In 1984 nearly all short-term expertise was provided through 
a framework agreement between the Commission and a European 
organisation representing the majority of consultancy firms 
in the Member States.
Although global commitments have been made to cover the 
costs of this agreement and its extensions, the majority 
of the funds available are paid to the organisation only 
after the individual services asked for by the Commission 
have been carried out. Therefore, in order to provide a 
more meaningful breakdown of the use of these credits, the 
table in ANNEX 2 shows short-term services effectively 
carried out in 1984 under the terms of the framework agreement, 
even though the main global commitment covering this 
expenditure was made in 1983 and included in the figures 
reported in the 7th report on the implementation of financial 
and technical aid to the NADCs.

Pagé 17.
The other costs included in the allocation for services of 
external experts, cover the installation and operating costs 
of development advisers resident in certain beneficiary 
countries. The role of these advisers is to control EEC- 
financed projects in their region and where necessary to 
help the local administrations in preparing and executing 
them.
At the end of 1984, five such advisers were attached to the 
regional delegations in Bangkok, New Delhi and Caracas.
In addition, contracts with two consultancy firms provide 
for full-time technical advisory services for projects in 
Honduras and in Haiti/Dominican Republic.

Page 18.
3-  EVALUATION
3.1 General Considérations
In the 7th report (for 1983) chapter 4 entitled "towards 
an evaluation" pointed out the necessity for evaluations, 
especially ex-post. These provide valuable information 
on the impact of projects and this is of benefit in programming 
for the future.
On the other hand, as has already been explained, the majority 
ofcompleted projects financed under Article 930 were 
operations which could be implemented in a relatively short 
period such as studies, research tasks, supplies of materials, 
etc. In contrast, development projects proper, especially 
rural development projects have a rather long execution 
time. Therefore, the number of projects available for an 
evaluation is limited. However, the situation is progressively 
changing as reflected by increasing evaluation activities 
covering Article 930 projects.
There exists a wide range of measures to analyse the quality 
of projects and to transpose the results in order to improve 
the performance of the project concerned as well as the 
programme for a sector or a country in general. Regular 
project reports, visits and discussions during missions, meetings 
with consultantsand project management, consultations at 
governmental level, coordination with member states, serve this 
purpose and therefore include an element of evaluation. All 
these measures have been intensively used.
However, in the following paragraphs, the term is used 
according to its present internationally common signification, 
which can be described as follows:

Page 19
Evaluation means systematic and unbiased assessment of projects 
aiming to improve the on-going and future activities. Systematic 
in this context means that general evaluation criteria have to be 
established before the evaluation starts and consequently applied. 
Unbiased means that the evaluation team has the right and the duty 
to expose achievements and problems evenly, analyse the reasons and, 
if necessary, criticise all parties involved.
Future Prospects of Evaluation
Future extension of evaluation activities in the field of aid 
to non-associated countries has to be regarded in relation 
to the amount of aid that will be committed to this group of 
countries.
Evaluations of individual projects will probably continue to be 
the main type of evaluation undertaken. Such evaluations can have 
three main objectives:
to determine measures necessary to stabilise the progress 
achieved to date by the project;
to extend the results to other suitable geographical areas; 
to modify the component-mix of a project.
Instrumental Evaluations can also be of some significance to 
improving impacts of future aid. In this respect, the assistance 
committed to international agricultural research institutions will 
be subject to an evaluation in the coming report period.
Furthermore, sectoral evaluations will be useful, especially 
when concentrated on countries where the Community's assistance 
forms a considerable input to the development of a certain sector. 
Example :  To what extent do the Commission's activities contribute 
to increase the self-sufficiency of Bangladesh in food production, 
and how can future activities be fitted in to raise this contribution

Page 20.
2 An Example :  Evaluation of Cotton Development Project 
_________ BANGLADESH______________________
Ba
ckground
Cotton, a traditional crop in East Bengal, progressively reduced 
in acreage during the colonial era before 1947 and no efforts to 
improve the situation were made by the Pakistanis. Following 
independence in 1973, the Bangladesh Cotton Development Board 
(CDB) was created. After a pilot scheme, commercial production 
of cotton started in 1977. To assist in an expansion of cotton 
in Bangladesh, an appraisal in 1979, financed by UK aid, 
suggested a support project to be financed by the Commission 
(NA/80/7, 6.5 MioECU; duration 3 years). Its aim was to 
increase production locally, thus decrease the dependence on 
importation of cotton, with the subsequent foreign exchange 
savings, as well as the social aspects of increased cash earnings 
for the small farmers.
The project implementation started in July 1982 and included four 
component s:
- field investigations to identify varieties, farming systems and 
pest control measures;
- establishment of seed multiplication farms;
- training of workers, farmers and counterparts, and 
improving the ginning capacity.
Progress_and_Results
A mission in September 1984 to investigate the possibilities of 
continuing in the sector noted that, in spite of the achievements 
of the project, the area of cotton production has not increased as 
expected. Consequently, a full evaluation mission has been sent out 
to investigate in detail: ..
- 
the achievements of the project, and
the reasons for the decrease in overall cotton production in 
the country.

Page 21.
The mission was also ordered to appraise the requirements and 
preconditions for a possible second phase of the project.
The evaluation and appraisal mission included an agronomist, an 
agricultural economist, a cotton market specialist and a post-harvest 
specialist. They spent one month in the country and presented their 
report to the Commission in April 1985. Two government officials from 
Bangladesh assisted in the evaluation.
Their main findings were :
The results of field investigations by the Technical Assistance 
team were excellent in some cases, less convincing in others,parti ally 
caused by difficulties in human relations and co-ordination problems 
among the various institutions involved;
The seed farms were established, though some technical supplies 
experienced delays;
- Overseas training activities were considerably delayed due to 
administrative constraints. Local training was hindered by lack of 
personnel with training experience available to run courses;
- The ginning capacity was not increased to the foreseen level, due to 
the inability to develop a locally constructed small saw gin. The 
T.A. Engineer charged with the task had totally inadequate facilities.
The main problems in cotton production have been identified in the areas 
of marketing, agronomy and ginning: farmers experienced difficulties 
in receiving sufficient reward for their cotton and were inadequately 
instructed by the extension service.
Nevertheless, the mission considered the original project objectives 
still attainable, if certain measures would be taken to abolish the 
present bottlenecks:

Page 22.
- A better co-ordination among the various institutions involved in 
cotton production and marketing must be achieved. The Ministry of 
Agriculture will take an active part by chairing a Co-ordination 
Committee for project implementation. The recently established UNDP 
project in seed research will also be involved;
The marketing system for cotton has to be reorganised so that 
farmers get a fair price for their produce. A system of 
intervention purchasing by the Cotton Development Board will assist 
in increasing the production;
- The ginning capacity has to be increased with parallel improvements 
in quality.
Consequences
On the base of the findings and recommendations of the evaluation and 
appraisal report, a staff mission from the Commission of the European 
Community, during a regular consultation, discussed the situation of 
the project with the Bangladesh authorities in May 1985. Both sides came 
to the result that an extension of the project would be desirable. The 
still undisbursed funds from the first phase of the project allow a 
continuation until February 1986, so that by then the seed farms will be 
sufficiently equipped and training facilities completed.
A second phase with the objective of consolidation of seed production and 
increase of cotton production by improved extension services and better 
marketing is envisaged to follow:
As a result of the consultations, the Bangladesh government is already 
committed to create the required changes in marketing and organisation:
The intervention system will be inaugurated as soon as possible;
The official prices for cotton will be set at a level that is attractive 
for the farmer to plant cotton and is to be published before.the 
start of the sowing season;
The appropriate measures are beingtaken to co-ordinate the national 
cotton development policy through a Co-ordination Committee, chaired 
by the Ministry of Agriculture.

Page 23.
Conclusions
Project implementation in the rural sector faces particular 
difficulties: traditional social and economic structures in a 
basically subsistance-oriented agrarian society have to be 
respected, and can only be estimated during the project preparation 
phase. Therefore, not only continuous monitoring and supervision, 
but also regular evaluation exercises by independent experts 
are useful instruments in assuring the project's success. In order 
to adopt the resulting recommendations, a flexible strategy is a 
necessary precondition for successful project implementation, 
particularly for those active in the rural sector.

ANNEXES

I/272/85-E
ANNEX 1
Disbursement of Commitments (Article 930) by calendar year
Calendar
yearCommit­
ment
MioECU1977
MioECU %1978
MioECU %Disbursement 
1979 1980 
MioECU % MioECUin
%Calendar Year
1981 1982 
MioECU % MioECU %1983
MioECU %1984
MioECU %Total 
1976 - 
MioECU84
%
1976 21,76,7 31 3,3 15 4,0 18 1/362,1101,462,090,3121,197
1977 44,8-4,6 10 5,5 12 9,8226,8153,272,862,2534,978
1978 29,7- -5,5 19 1,964,5152,894,4152,6921,773
1979 117,9- -3,7 324,32130,62615,21314,51210,1998,483
1980 133,6- - - 1/7141,83128,72115,61213,210101,076
1981 153,6- - - - 1,9112,3852,13410,0776,350
1982 135,1- - - - --3,328,7631,82443,832
1983 227,5- - - - ----28,71367,43096,142
1984 249,3- - - - ------7,737,73
TOTAL 1.113,2 6,7 - 7,9 -18,7 39,0 87,7 - 66,9 -128,8 - 145,3 501,054
I»izIZim
i xi1 - ^

ANNEX 2
SERVICES OF EXTERNAL EXPERTS
Actions financed since the establishment of the 7th implementation report 
situation at 31.12.84
1. Short-term studies and experts services
Country
Angola
Ecuador 
Thai land 
Paki stan 
China 
Nepal 
Indi a
Mozambique 
Dominican Republic 
Colombia
Costa Rica/Honduras
Ecuador
Phi lippines
Central America
Bangladesh
Mozambique
China
Mozambi que 
Ni caragua 
China
Mozambique 
China 
Nepa l
Central America 
Colombia
Dominican Republic 
Paki stanTitle
Fish project NAMIBE
In addition the following services were 
provided in 1984 under the terms of the 
framework contract signed in December 
1983 (1)
Evaluation of Chambo project
Review of projects
Karachi port - Tender evaluation
Fruit storage
National Staff College
Antidisaster projects
Moamba project
Irrigation
Reconstruction project 
Refugees
Reconstruction of bridges 
Dairy project 
C.A.T.I.E.
Rangpur project 
Moamba project 
Flood forecasting 
Moamba project 
Grain storage 
Cashew project 
Moamba II
Vegetable seedlings 
Bagmati project 
B.C.I.E.
Pacific region 
Juancho project 
Drainage and SalinityCost (ECU)
18 000
31
5000
000
7 000 
34 000 
63 000 
16 000 
10 000 
65 000 
11 000 
20 000 
10 000 
65 000 
80 000 
180 000 
86 000 
26 000 
7 000 
45 000 
22 000 
5 000 
31 000 
39 000 
43 000 
42 000 
2 000 
11 000
(1)  The global commitment of 1  MioECU covering most of these services 
reported as a lump sum in the 7th annual report

Country Title Cost (ECU)
Bangladesh Cotton project 11 000Dominican Republic Western CIBA0 7 000Bang ladesh Infrastructure survey 5 000Bangladesh Economic survey 14 000Bolivia/Pakistan Milk products 17 000Indonesia Tendering 4 000
Inde Monitoring of projects 16 000Nicaragua Rehabilitation project 9 000Angola Development Malange 42 000Nepal Irrigation projects 13 000Inde Monitoring/Evaluation of projects 33 000
Colombie Tendering for seismic survey 6 000
Amérique Centrale Food security 30 000
Honduras Audit Banasupro 21 000
Bang ladesh Extension services for cotton marketing 81 000
Honduras Identification project 24 000
Thai land Review of a project proposal 7 000
Thai land Data processing systems 8 000
Asia Fertiliser supply projects 38 000
Costa Rica Identification of a project 39 000
Ecuador Chambo project follow-up 28 000
TOTAL 1  . 1  777 000
2. Installation and operating costs of development specialist
Recruitment of experts for the Commission's regional 
delegations (Venezuala, Thailand and India) and 
for assistance with project execution and control
TOTAL 2. 1  909 000
TOTAL 1.+2. 3 686 000

ANNEX 3
List of projects completed in 1984

'ear and number 
if OperationRecipient and title 
of operationType of 
OperationSector Type of 
Financing:  Total cost 
i  (M. ECU)iEEC j  Disburse- 
Contribution j  ment rate 
MECU- [
'6/4;
Sri Lanka.
Mahadivulwewa Irrigation 
Project.Projectj :Rural Development Autonomous !  2,5
,2,5 j .  100% j 100%
I  i!  ·'  !
he purpose of this project is to increase food production and create employment, by making use of ancient irrigation reservoirs (tanks) 
'hich have been abandoned for historical reasons and need thorough repair to be put into operation again. The irrigation system permits 
rowing of paddy, soya beans and pulses on an area of some 480 ha which have been alotted to about the same number of farmers (1 ha per 
amily). The construction works comprise the rehabilitation of a 20 million m3 reservoir with gated spillway and irrigation outlet. 
.Ithough the project has reached its targets from the technical points of view, it has appeared from a recently undertaken supervision 
lission that the implementing agency, the Irrigation Department, underestimated the problems related to settlement services and monitoring 
.f settlement. Therefore, it was decided to grant the amount of savings of about 200 000 ECU to the purchase of fertiliser in order to 
olve some of the problems.
76/6
79/ 8 
79/8 AddINDONESIA 
Pilot project on soya 
and galawija developProject Agri culture autonomous 1.40
4.70
0.601  .00 S9f l / o
3.00 é < f %
0.60 1 0 0 %9^%
39%
100%
ThiT project was designed as a plot farm to develop effective farming systems for transmigration settlements. _  The farm has 
been successfully developed into a major seed multiplication centre for soya and other galawija improved varieties in 
Indonesia, guiding about five hundred surroudning farmers in production of quality seeds.  The station is proving also that 
reasonable yields could be obtained on this mediocre location through proper soil improvement and conservation methods^
The Indonesian authorities wish to use the station as a model for a nationwide network of similar galawija seed multiplication 
cent res.

---—---------- -—----1------
Ye
ar and number Recipient and title 
of Operation of OperationType of 
OperationSector Type of 
FinancingTotal cost 
(MioECU)EEC
Contribution 
MECU %Di sburse- 
ment rate
77/04 PAKISTAN
Chasma Right Bank 
Irrigation ProjectProject Rural Devel­
opment irrig.Joint Cofin­
ancing 
(EEC/ADB)119,0 4,484%100%
Purpose of the project was to increase agricultural production by more effective use of Indus River flows available at the 
existing Chasma Barrage in the North West Province (NWFP) .
The area concerned by the project is of about 570 000 acres.
The construction of the main canal (172 miles) as well as of the network of distributaries (320 miles) are the major components 
of the project towards which the EEC contribution has been directed to cover a part of the local currency costs.
77/18 INCAP Project Agri cultural autonomous 2.4 1.875% 96%Food technology research and
and nutrition' training
research
The objective of this project was to assist in the development of basic foods made from local products (mainly common and 
tropical vegetables and corn flour) as well as the improvement of animal nutrition by making better use of agricultural by­
products, and the adaptation of low-cost technology.
The EEC contribution supported the basic 
Food technologists hâve been tnained.needs oriented research programme of this regional Central-American institution.
j

Year and number 
of OperationRecipient and title 
of OperationType of 
OperationSector Type of 
FinancingTotal cost 
(MioECU)EEC
Contribution
MECU %D i  sburse- 
ment rate
78/3 JUNAC
Palm oil development 
studyStudy Agri culture 
(general)Autonomous 0.4 G.4 100% 100%
Action de préinvestissement (études de faisabilité au niveau national en Colombie, Equateur et Pérou et étude de coordination 
au niveau sous-régional) effectuée au bénéfice de la JUNAC du Pacte Andin en appui à des bureaux de la sous-région par le 
bureau d'étude IRH0 (F).
La sous-région andine est déficitaire en produits oléagineux et trois des cinq pays recèlent des potentialités de production 
importantes de palmier à huile. L'objet de ces études était d'identifier d'une façon concrète des possibilités de productio 
d'extraction et commercialisation de ses produits et sous-produits.non /
Résultats :  —  Colombie :  9 500 ha, investissement requis 65 millions US 2 (désenclavement de la zone, semences, plantations, 
extraction)
—  Equateur :  3 000 ha (dont 1  500 ha en régie et 1  500 ha parcelles individuelles), investissement requis 
30 millions US i (désenclavement, plantation, extraction)
—  Pérou :  11 000 ha, investissement 130 millions US t (désenclavement, plantation, extraction).
La JUNAC a communiqué les résultats de viabilité tecnico-économique de ces projets aux pays membres concernés. Le projet est 
actuellement en cours de démarrage au Pérou (Cordepalma/Emdepalma/Cordelor) et en prise en considération sérieuse en 
Colombie.

xl
Year and number 
of OperationRecipient and title 
of OperationType of 
OperationSector Type of 
FinancingTotal cost 
(MioECU)EEC
Contribution
MECU %D i  sburs- 
ment rate
78/23 BOLIVIA
Pilot project for 
development of the 
Chaco (Abapo Izozog)Project Agri culture 
(irrigation & 
drainage)Parallel co­
financing 
with IDB15.00 1  .9
+(0.38)12.794.8
Ce projet co-financé avec la BID (administrateur du projet et de la contribution CEE) est un projet de colonisation et de 
mise en valeur des terres vierges du Chaco bolivien. Il représente la première phase d'un vaste programme visant 
l'installation de quelque 25 000 familles, l'irrigation d'environ 200 000 ha pour la production de blé, soya, coton, riz, 
ainsi que la construction d'une usine hydroélectrique. Les objectifs du projet sont plus modestes :  installation de 
quelque 300 petits agriculteurs (= 1  900 personnes), infrastructures de base productives et sociales, formation, 
encadrement agricole, transfert de technologie dans les domaines de mise en valeur de terres vierges, irrigation et 
accroissement du niveau de connaissances socio-économiques relatives aux populations concernées et à la zone à développer.
En dépit de difficultés inhérentes à ce genre de projet et de problèmes d'ordre financier (appréciation du dollar US par 
rapport à l'ECU ayant justifié un engagement financier complémentaire de 0,38 MioECU de la part de la CEE), ce projet est 
quasi terminé. Selon la BID, il s'agit d'un des meilleurs projets que cet organisme administre en Amérique Latine, tel que 
rapporté à l'occasion d'une récente mission de contrôle du projet par la CEE.
78/25 CFAD Project rural credit J  Co. Fin. 7.0 1  .8 26%
small farmers IDB
credit proqramme ____________ LIl s'agit d'un programme d'assistance crédit canalisé par l'institution SOLIDARIOS (Conseil de Fondations Américaines de Déve­
loppement - organisation sans but lucratif) et à un niveau décentralisé par ses fondations membres au bénéfice d'un grand nombre 
de petits exploitants agricoles d'Amérique Latine en leur permettant d'accéder à du crédit auprès d'institutions non-gouverne- 
mentales. La contribution financière de la CEE a permis d'assurer une assistance technique pour la préparation et la gestion de 
petits projets, en plus de leur financement proprement dit, dans plusieurs pays du Pacte Andin, d'Amérique Centrale et de l'île 
Hispaniola.

Year and number of OperationRecipient and title 
of OperationType of 
OperationSector Type of 
F  i  nanci ngTotal cost 
(MioECU)EEC
Cont ri but i  on
MECU %Di sbursë- 
r.ent rate
79/5 Sri Lanka. 
Hydrological Crash 
ProgrammeStudy on 
water manage­
ment .Irrigati on Cofinanced with 0,7 
NL0,3 100%
In order to establish a reliable and accessible hydrological database for design and operation of the existing and future Mahaweli Gangaand operated since mid-1979. The so-called Hydrological Crash Programme was System, a hydrometric data gathering system has been set up 
executed by the Irrigation Department in collaboration with the consulting firm 
the Government of the Netherlands, the EEC and the Mahaweli Authority, 
transferred to the responsibility of the Irrigation Department.NEDECO of the
Thi sNetherlands, under fins.'cing p-r 'J  t  
programme has now almost entirely been
79/25 EQUATEUR
Chambo - Irrigation Project Irrigation Autonome 3.Î2.5 66 %98%
Les autorités equatoriènnes avaient sollicité l’assistance de la Communauté en vue d’étendre et d’améliorer le fonctionnement 
d’un ancien réseau d’irrigation réalisé par les Equatoriens eux-mêmes dans un région défavorisée de l’Altiplano (populations 
marginalisés, conditions techniques difficiles).
Le projet financé par la Communauté aura permis de rédiger un plan d’ensemblepour le développement à long terme 
de la zone, de contribuer aux travaux de restructuration du système d’arrivée d’eau, ainsi que d’étendre la surface 
i  rriguée.
Toutefois, compte tenu notamment de l’importance plus grande que prévue initialement des travaux sur le canal principal, il 
n’a pas été possible de fournir également l’assistance nécessaire aux petits paysans dans le domaine agricole. Il est 
dès lors envisagé de financer une seconde phase d’intervention, dirigée principalement vers la mise en valeur.des terres, la 
meilleure utilisation de l’eau et plus généralement le relèvement des revenus des petits fermiers.-1-----------
79
/40PAH0
Earthquake
programmeEmergency 
servi cesautonomous 1 .1 1 .1 100 % 100%
helping top r o q r  dmme _______ 1 »  ■  ^ ______________ ——— ------------- :------------ :— ;— ------------ r - :  ---------- C Z"î
hi s _i  s~a programme of emergency preparedness devised by the Pan American Health Organisation wit h the ° ]ec iv f
improve the capability of the countries of Latin America to respond and minimise the effects of na l Z J rt 0 the hea t se tors earthquakes and cyclones. The programme now ended has lead to a greater state of preparedness on the part of thehealth 
of PAH0 ’  s member countries: development of a technical and scientific foundation for disaster ·  on '
promotion of public awareness); disaster preparedness at country level (promotion of rareness at level
and implementation of national programme). These activities were achieved with tec mca ,c0 ? p resDonsible for South
one based in Washington, responsible for Central America and Panama, and the other base in im , ,_________  _____
Am erica. _ _ _ _ _

3“
Year and number 
of OperationRecipient and title 
of operationType of 
OperationSector Type of 
FinancingTotal cost 
(MioECU)EEC
Contribution
MECU %Di sbu rs- 
ment rate
80/1 NEPAL
Livestock Development Proj ect Livestock 
(General and 
marketing)Cofinancing 
(ADB + others)11,22,220%100%
rhe purpose of this project was a) to improve animal health facilities on a national level (through construction of a Central 
Diagnostic Laboratory, upgrading of veterinary field facilities and vaccine production posts) b) to develop livestock 
production and marketing in two specific areas (including provision of credit for livestock purchase and strengthening of 
milk collection and marketing facilities) to serve as models for future livestock programmes.
Project implementation has been very slow in the beginning but has gained considerable momentum at a later stage so that the 
project objectives will be fulfilled with some minor adjustments due to shortfalls of funds. Project results have been 
most promising in the field activities and more specifically in milk collection (reaching 2,3 million litres in 1984).
80/20 HAITI Proj et hydraulique Cof. (Fr) 0.4 0.375%Recherche pour le
dév. des productions
paysannes
La contribution communautaire visait à financérdes micro-réalisations, essentiellement dans le domaine de la petite hydraulique 
paysanne (citernes, captage de sources, creusement de puits...), menées dans le cadre du fonctionnement des centres de i v i r  ’an et 
de Salagnac, centres de recherche et de formation fondés sur une approche originale de meilleure connaissance et compr .nsicn 
des populations paysannes et de leurs systèmes de production. Ces centres reçoivent le support financier de la France qui 
intervient dans leurs coûts de fonctionnement (aide à la recherche, assistance technique ...) et a assuré l'administration des 
opérations sur le terrain financées par la Communauté.
Ce projet a été caractérisé par son souci de rechercher des formules adaptées aux conditions locales. Les travaux étais t  
réalisés bénévolement par les paysans eux-mêmes, avec l'aide d'un maçon et avec des matériaux financés par la Communauté.
Une évaluation de l'impact socio-économique de ce projet est prévue.

Year and number  
of OperationRecipient and title  
of operationType of 
OperationSector Type of 
FinancingTotal cost  
(MioE'CU/EEC
Contribuì i  on  
MECU %,
Di sburs- 
ment rate
80/30 IDB
Rural mini, projects Project Rural credit parallel 2.0  
Co fin. IDB2.0 100% 92%
80/31 CATIE
research support Study Agri cultural  
researchautonomous 1  .95 0.210% 100%Il s'agit d'un programme de crédit, administré par la BID sur un Fonds Spécial, afin de répondre aux besoins des petites  
entreprises (agricoles, artisanales, industrielles) ne disposant pas d'une assiette financière suffisante à leur permettre de  
recourir au crédit commercial normal. Outre les crédits financiers mis en place localement par l'intermédiaire d'institutions  
à but non lucratif, ce programme prévoit l'octroi d'une assistance technique pour la formation à la gestion de ces crédits.  
Bien que la contribution financière de la CEE ait été utilisée (petits projets productifs notamment agro-alimentaires;,  
programme se poursuit et une nouvelle contribution pourrait être demandée prochainement à la Communauté pour permettre son
expansion.
A study has been made to identify the energy flows associated with different farming systems and to develop detailed fuel  
balance data, ________________________________________________________________________
91.2 80/38 ZIMBABWE
Intensive Resettlement  
ProgrammeProjectIntegrated  
rural devel­
opmentautonomous 76.7 4.05.2
The objective of the project was to provide five individual accelerated resettlement schemes with basic infrastructure and  
equipment to create the conditions for full agricultural use of the re-allocated land and for the socio-economic welfare  
of about 1  200 settler families.
The project comprises also a grant of up to 1.4 MioECU to the Agricultural Finance Corporation (AFC) to assist the settlers  
with short and medium-term credit facilities.
Presently, primary development works, such as roads and bridges, water supplies, land preparation and settler installations  
are completed. Final settler numbers are 1  274. The agricultural credit provision has been implemented partly. When  
experiencing difficulties in the repayments of loans by farmers as a consequence of drought, most of the accelerated  
resettlement schemes suffered crop losses .  Therefore, a rescheduling of debts incurred by farmers was necessary. Full  
accounting details will be known only when a special audit report on loans granted under the EEC-financed schemes, presently  
under preparation, will be available. _______________ ____________ ____'________ ______—-------------

Year and number  
of OperationRecipient and title  
of OperationType of 
Operation-:------
Se
ctorType of 
FinancingTotal cost  
(MioECU)EEC
Contribution  
MECU %Di sburse- 
ment rate
81/17 IRRI Research  
supportSupport for  
applied researchAgri cult. Co. fin. 
(CGIAR)22,99 1,56.5%100%
82/25 IRRI Research  
supportSupport for  
applied researchAgri cult. Co. fin. 
(CGIAR)23,35 1,77,3%100%
82/26 CIAT
research supportSupport for  
applied researcl Agricult.Co. fin. 
(CGIAR)21,37 1,67,5%100%
The European Community at present supports five international agricultural research institutes. In their field of  
specialization they serve as information exchange centres and carry out own research work for the benefit of their  
member institutions in order to avoid duplication of costly and time-consuming research activities. ICRISAT is  
specialized on agricultural crops of arid zones, IRRI on rice cultivation, CIP on potato cultivation, and CIAT on trop­
ical crops. Finally, ISNAR has the task of general agricultural reseach coordination in the region. The Community  
contribution to the annual research budgets of these institutions is paralleled either by aid from other non-eurooean  
industrialized countries or by bilateral aid of EC member states. Although the Community's contribution is less L.ian 10%  
of these budgets, it represents essential support for the institutions. The combined contribution of the Community and its  
Member States amounts to about 30% of the cost of financing their activities.