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DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM(79)63
Vol.1979/0023

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COMMISSION OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
COM(79)63final.
Brussels.26February1979
MEMORA,arDUM
ontheimplementation ofanironandsteel
researchprogramme,withaviewtoobtaining
financialaidunderArticle55(2)(c)of
theECSCTreaty
.A*
ÀV"/<■/IV£•'"Ar"■'t: ;.
COM(79)63final.V

MEMORANDUM
ontheimplementation ofanironandsteel
researchprogramme,withaviewtoobtaining
financialaidunderArticle55(2)(c)of
theECSCTreaty
I-INTR0DUCTI0N
Itiswidelyrecognised that,ofthenumerousmeasurestheCommission
oftheEuropeanCommunities isnowundertaking tostimulatethemodernisation ,
rationalization andrestructuring oftheironandsteelindustry,thepromotion
ofresearchanddevelopment workunderArticle552coftheECSCTreatyisseen
asoneofmajorimportance .ThisenablestheCommission toencouragethede­
velopmentofnewtechnologyforsubsequent incorporation intheconstruction
andoperationofsteelplantandequipment andtoadvancethequalityofthewide
rangeofsemi-finished andfinishedproductsthataremanufactured withinthe
Community'sindustry.Theultimateobjectiveofthiseffortistoenhancethe
abilityofEuropeansteelproducerstocompeteinbothhomeandexportmarket.
Inviewofthecontinuing adversesituationinthesteelsector,itis
increasingly recognised bytheCommission andbytheindustrythatthereisa
needtoconcentrate resourcesforresearchonshort-to-mediumtermsobjectives
inselectedkeyareas.
Thereisagrowingtrend,therefore,forresearchproposalstobecon­
cernedwithmoreimmediateproblemsinsteelproduction,processing andfabri­
cationwherethepossibility existsfortherapidtransferoftheresultsinto
innovationeitherintheplantorintheproduct.Thisrepresents anecessary
anddesirableshiftinstrategyontheprogramme andtoensurethatitissus­
tainedtheCommissionisnowformulating,inconjunction withtheindustry,new
guidelinesforthisresearcheffortfortheperiod1980-85.
Itisagainstthisbackgroundthattheproposedprogrammeofresearch
outlinedinthisdocumenthasbeendrawn-upfromatotalo£146proposalssub­mittedtotheCommissionrequesting atotalaidof47.8x10EUA.Afterdetailed
studybytheservicesoftheCommissionincollaboration withtheIronandSteel
TechnicalResearchCommittee,73proposalshavebeenselectedasfirstpriority
andconstitutetheironanssteelresearchprogrammefor1979.
Inexaminingtheaimsoftheapplications andassessingtheirrelevance
totheneedsofthesteelindustry,particularattentionwasgiventoprojects
directedatincreasingproductivity andreducingcosts(includingenergycon­
servation),enhancingproductqualityandimprovingtheproperties,service
performance andutilization ofsteels.
Thetechnicalcontentoftheprogrammecoversvariousaspectsofiron
andsteelresearchconnectedwithproblemsbothintheproducerandtheuser
sectorswiththeleveloffundingdistributed asfollows-ironmaking (18,2X),

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steelmaking (27,6%)rollingmillsandmechanical working(5,5%)measurements
andanalysis (11,1%),properties andserviceperformance ofsteels(36,8%)
andmiscellaneous (0,8%).
Inlinewiththerequirement tointensifyeffortinselectedareas,it
shouldbenotedthat,withinthisprogramme,66%oftheresources havebeen
allocatedtofivemajorcollaborative projectsonthesinteringofironores
(7,1%),blastfurnacetechnology (11,1%),continuouscastingofsteel(11,8%),■
electricarcfurnacesteelmaking (14,2%)andformablehighstrengthsheetsteels
forautomobile applications (22%).
Thefinancialaidforthe73selectedresearchprojectstotals19494950
EUA.Tothisisadded505050EUAforanciIlarycostsanddissemination ofinfor­
mation,givingatotalfinancialcommitmentfor1979of20000000EUA.
II-THE RESEARCH PROJECTS
II.1-OREREDUCTION
a)Sinter
Theobjectives pursuedinthesinterprojectsareproductivity improve­
ments,energysavingsandqualityimprovements .Itiswellknownthatsinter
qualityisofdecisiveimportanceinkeepingdownblastfurnacecokerates
andhenceofspecialrelevancetoday.
Oneprojectisthecontinuation ofanECSCresearchprojectalreadyinpro­
gress.Theaimistooptimizetheoverallprocess.Thiswillbeachievedbya
newmethodofsinterstrandcontrolbasedonthemeasurement ofthedegreeof
oxidationofwastegases.
Anotherprojectisprimarily aimedatsecuringenergysavingsinthesinter
process.Thiswillbeachievedbyoxygenenrichment oftheblastandblastpre­
heatingwhileafurtherprojectisalsoaimedatimprovingtheheateconomyof
theprocess.Theflexibility oftheenergysourcesusedwillbeincreased.
Particularattentionwillbedevotedtothezoneofhightemperature,sinceitisthekeyfactorinthemachanical propertiesofthesinter.
Theproblemofthelow-temperature strengthofsinterproducedfromlow-
gradeLorraineoresisalsoinvestigated .Wherestrengthispoorinthecold
stateahigherproportion offinesarisewhenthesinterischargedintothe
blastfurnace,whichresultsinlesssatisfactory permeationofgasesand
higherconsumption ofenergy.
-P613"Thermaloptimization ofthesinterprocess"
Theresearchwillbecarriedoutonanindustrialsinterplanthavinga
suctionareaof168mbelongingtoItalsiderinCornigliano .Theintentionis
todeterminetheendpointofthesinteringprocessbywayofthechangein
degreeofoxidationofthewastegasesinthelastwindboxesandtocorrelateit
withthequalityofthesinter.
Applicant :ITALSIDER-Genova.
Amount:717000EUA
Duration :2years

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-P666 "Oxygen enrichment offiring gases for PLsintering "
Theresearch isplanned for asinter plant with asuction area of320
belonging toArbed ,attheEsch-Belval works ,inconjunction with Lurgi in
Frankfurt .
After thenecessary reconstruction oftheplant thecombustion air will
begradually enriched with uptomax .30%oxygen .Thegasused will beblast
furnace gaswhich ,where necessary ,may bemixed with natural gas .
Inasecond phase thewaste heat ofthestack gases will beused forpre­
heating the air .
Applicant :ARBED -Luxembourg
LURGI -Frankfurt
Amount : 308 500 EUA and 52000 EUA .
Duration :21/2years
-P668/2"Optimization ofthe sintering process with particular reference to
fuel savings "
The investigations are intended tocover the following programme :pre­
heating ofthesinter mixture ,improvement andmonitoring ofsinter grain sizing
enlarging the ignition hood ,heat recovery ,detailed study ofthehigh-tempera -
ture zone anddevelopment ofasinter model forprocess control .
Applicant :BSC -London
Amount : 570 500 EUA
Duration :3years
-P702 "Sintering ofLorraine ore"
Theresearch will becarried out byIRSID incooperation with thefirm
Sollac .
Tobegin with theinteraction oftheindividual parameters responsible
forthemechanical properties ofMinette sinter will beinvestigated .Subsequent­
lythesintering mechanism itself will beinvestigated andfinally theproperties
ofthesinter ,with determination oftheexact origin ofthefine fraction .
Applicant :IRSID -St.Germain -en-Laye
Amount : 638 500 EUA
Duration :3years
Ofalltheresearch objectives intheblast furnace sector ,energy saving
isthemost important .
Three oftheprojects areaimed atreducing theblast-furnace coke rate .
Itiswell known that thewidth andshape ofthezone ofsoftening inthe
blast furnace exerts aconsiderable influence ontheconsumption ofenergy .For
this reason ,abroadly based Community programme istobeconducted toinvesti­
gate thebehaviour ofdifferent sinters inthe 1000-1500°C temperature zone .
Theinvestigations range from laboratory studies ofthekinetics ofreactions
between molten iron oxide andcarbon tofull-scale blast-furnace tests .

Oneofthepreconditions foralowcokerateisgoodmechanical behaviour
ofthecokeintheblastfurnace.Oneprojectwillinvestigate thespecialpro­
blemoftheinfluenceofalkalisonthemechanical properties ofthecokeandon
cokegasification .
Anotherprojectisconcernedwiththeproblemofoperatingsafetyandthe
availability ofblastpreheaters .Amonitoring systemforthedomesofthehot-
blaststoveswillbedeveloped andtested.
Aprojectisacontinuation ofaprojectwiththefutureinmind,namely,
theinjectionintotheblastfurnaceofthereduction gasproductinaplasma
furnacefromcheapsourcesofenergy.Becauseofitshightemperature (approxi­
mately2000°C),thegaswillbeinjectedatthelevelofthetuyereblastmains.
-P723"Kineticsofironoxidereductionintheconditionsprevailing inthe
bosh"
Theconditionsprevailing intheboshwillbesimulatedinlaboratorytests.
ThekineticsofliquidFeOreductionusingfixedcarboninthepresenceofslag
willbeinvestigated .Adetailedanalysiswillbemadeoftheeffectsofgangue,
cokeandgrainsize.Onthebasisoftheresultsobtained,thereduction mechan-
nismwillthenbedetermined asafunctionofthedegreeofreduction.
Applicant :CSM-Roma
Amount:152500EUA
Duration :2years
-P616"Effectsofthesoftening andmeltingzoneonblastfurnaceperformances "
Theinvestigation willbecarriedoutintheItalsider 10m-diameter blast
furnaceatTaranto.Aftersoftening,theoresarereducedbymeansoffixed
carbon.Thecourseoftheprocessislargelydetermined bythepositionand
shapeofthesoftening andmeltingzone,whichinfluenceproductivity ,energy
consumption andrefractory wear.Thiszonewillbeexaminedindetail-
Applicant :ITALSIDER-Genova
Amount:703500EUA
Duration :2years
-P637"Influenceofburdenproperties ontheperformance ofblastfurnaceof
approximately 10mhearthdiameter"
Ofthefiveironworksinvolvedinthisresearch,fourproducelow-phosphorus
andonehigh-phosphorus pigiron.
Theoptimumpropertiesofsinterwillbedetermined underoptimumcharge
distribution conditions .Inthesubsequenttestsofmixturesofsinter,pellets
andlumpores,theorebase,FeOcontentandsinterbindingphaseswillbe
variedsystematically .
Applicant :VDEh-Dusseldorf
Amount:1257500EUA
Durâtion:3years
-P703folkalinesandproperties ofcoke"
Adetailedinvestigation willbemadeoftheeffectwhichthephysico­
chemicalconditionsprevailinginthetuyerezonehaveonthepropertiesof
coke.

-5-
Inparticular,itisplannedtoinvestigatethecatalysticeffectofthe
alkalinesonthegasification ofcokeandtheinteractionofalkalineswiththe•
ashconstituentsofcoke.Theprojectisdesignedtoprovideanexplanationfor
thedecomposition ofcoke.
Applicant :IRSID-St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount:433500EUA
Duration:3years
-P672"In-servicemonitoringofintercrystal linestresscorrosionenhot-
blast-stove domesbyacousticemission"
TheworkwillbecarriedoutintheTeessideLaboratories andtheReader
Works.
Thenoiseemissionmethodwillinitiallybetestedastoitssuitability
forthedetectionofcracksinthedomesofhot-blaststovesatanearlystage.
Inadditiontonoiseemission,thehumidity,NO,SO-andtemperature of
thedomeswillberecorded. *
Applicant :BSC-London
Amount:501000EUA
Duration:5years
-P634"Rationaluseanddiversification oftypesofenergythatcanbeused
intheblastfurnace"
Ithasprovedpossibletoreducethecokerateinthe0.3mtestblast
furnac|from680kg/tto180kg/tpigironbythesimultaneousinjectionof
650Nm/tcrackedgas.Awiderangeofmalfunctions willnowbesimulatedand
investigated beforetheprocessisusedonanindustrial scale.Theseinvesti­
gationswillrelatetobothblastfurnacesandthecirculation oftopgas.
Applicant :CRM-Liege
Amount:536.000EUA
Duration:3years
II.2-STEELMAKING
a)Castingand_SoUnification
Thetransitionfromliquidtosolidsteelisanimportantstageinthe
productionofsteel.Thisisthedecisionstageinthedetermination ofthe
qualityoftheproduct.Thequantityofinternalreturnscrapalsodependsto
alargeextentonthetypeandqualityofthecastingprocess.Improvements in
thissectorthusdirectlyinfluencetheprofitability ofthesteelplant.
Ononeprojecttheaimistoimprovedeoxidation anddesulphurization with
theaidofalkalineearths,particularly calcium.Calciumdeoxidationisofin­
creasinginterestintheproductionoffree-cutting steels.
Theremainingprojectsallhavetodowithcontinuouscasting.Oneprojectisaimedatimprovingthecontinuouseastingmachine,particularly thepinchrolls.Replacementofthepinchrollscurrentlyrepresents asubstantialcost
factorintheoveralloperatingcosts!-

CastingspeeddependsLargelyoncooling.Theaimofoneprojectisto
securemoreintensivesecondarycoolingandhence.toincreaseproductivity .
Twoprojectsareaimedatimprovingthequalityofcontinuously cast
productsandarethereforeconcernedwiththespecialproblemofslabswelling.
Inafurtherprojectanattemptistobemade,toextendthefieldofap­
plicationofcontinuously castproductstheheavy-plate sector.
Oneprojectisaimedatimprovingprocesscontrolbyautomaticcontrolof
theshellthickness onemergence fromthemould.Thiswillincreasetheopera­
tingsafetyoftheprocess.
Oneresearchproposaldealswithqualitycontrolincontinuously cast
products.Arapidandrationalmethodistobedevelopedtodeterminethe
homogeneity ofproductswithrespecttomicrosegregations .
Finally,theaimofoneapplication istolinkthecastingprocesswith
therollingprocess.Inrecentyears,considerable progresshasbeenmadein
thisrespectinthefieldofnon-ferrous metals*Anattemptistobemadeto
transferexperience gatheredsofartothetechnology ofsteelproduction .
-P726"Treatmentofsteelbyinjectionofmaterialscontaining alkalineearth
elements"
Variousdeoxidation techniqueswillbetriedoutina15kgexperimental
furnace:
-injectionofalkalineearthelementswithaninertcarriergasthroughthe
bottom;
-injectionwithasubmergedlance;
-introduction ofthedeoxidizer bymeansofawirewithacorecontaining
calcium;
Variousalkalineearths,eitherpureorintheformofmixtureswith
aluminium andsilicon,will»betried.Thebestmethodwillthenbeusedfor
theproduction of20-50ingots.
Applicant :CSM-Roma
Amount:636500EUA
Duration :3years
-P674:"Evaluation,development anddesignoftransportrollersincontinuous
castingplant
Inthisprojecttheintentionistocarryoutasystematic evaluationof
transport andbackuprollersincontinuous castingplant.Thethermalandme­
chanicaloperatingconditionswillbedeterminedprecisely.Testswillbecar­
riedoutinpracticaloperation andinthelaboratory .Inthepracticaltests
themaincausesofdamagewillbedetermined (surfacedeterioration ,wear,
brittlefracture,deformation ).Inthelaboratorytests,onesolidpiece,
built-upandsurface-hardened rollerswillbeexhaustively testedtodetermine
theiradvantages anddrawbacks.
Applicant :
Amount:
Duration :BSC-London
429500EUA
3years

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-P631'Intensivecoolingofcontinuously castbillets"
Thisconsistsoftheindustrialapplicationoftheresearchprojectonthe
thermalinvestigation ofthestrand.Itwasfoundthatspecialcoolingdevices
couldreducethesurfacetemperature from900°Cto700°C.Ona120X120mm
billetcastingplant,itwillbeascertained howfarproductivity canbeincreased
bymoreintensivecooling.Atomizerjetswillbeusedasthecoolingdevice.
Applicant :CRM-Liege
Amount:341500EUA
Duration :3years
-P632;"Influenceofsecondarycoolingonslabswellingandinternalquality"
Thecastingspeedona200mmslabcastingmachinewillbevariedfrom0.7
to1.3m/min.Theinfluenceofcastingspeedonsegregationwillbeinvestigated .
Atthesametimethemechanicalpropertiesinthetemperature range700-1450°C
willbestudied.TheinfluenceofthealloyingelementsNi,Cr,Mn,Mo,C,Si,
SandPwillalsobeexaminedinagivenconcentration range(low-alloysteel).'
Applicant :CRM-Li£ge
Amount:402500EUA
Duration:3years
-P705"Technological improvements tothecontiniousprojects ,process"
Theprojectrelatestothecontinuous castingofslabsandisdesignedto
enhancethesafetyofthecontinuous castingmachine,increasewithdrawalspeed
andimprovequality.Theresearchisconcentrated onthecontinuouscastingmould.
Theinfuenceofthelengthofthemouldandofitstaperontheabovementioned
factorswillbeinvestigated .Dataonmaterialcharacteristics athightemperatures
arerequiredinordertoevaluatethetaperbymeansofathermomechanical ma­
thematical model.Consequently cooperation withprojectP632isplanned.
Applicant :IRSID-St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount:567000EUA
Duration:3years
-P706"Roleofmechanical workingonthequalityofplatesfromcontinuously
castslabs"
Atpresentthemaximumslabthicknessobtainable bycontinuous castingis
250-300mm.Withadegreeofreductionof5to6',thisgivesamaximumplate
thicknessof50to70mm.Themechanicalpropertiesoftheplatesarelargely
determined bythemacrostructure .Thisinturndependsor>theinterrelations
betweenthedegreeofreductionandthesuperheating temperature (duringcasting).
Theseinteractions aretobethoroughlyinvestigated withtheaimofobtaining
greaterplatethicknesses fromthesameslabdimensions .Theinfluenceofelectro-
magneticsstirringwillalsobeinvestigated .
Applicant :IRSID-St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount:458500EUA
Duration :3years
~P639"Continuousdetermination ofshellthicknessinthecontinuouscasting
ofsteeltoimproveprocesscontrol"
Amethodofdetermining shellthicknessduringcastingatoneormore

points istobedeveloped .Iftheshell thickness isknown thepouring process
can bebetter controlled and there isless risk ofbreakout .The measurement
itself will becarried outwith theaidofelectromagnetic stirring coils .
Through the rotation ofthe liquid steel atorque reacting onthe inductor is
formed .This torque depends onthe shell thickness .The research will becar­
ried outonthemodel ,onabillet casting machine andlater onaslab casting
machine .
Applicant :BFI -Dusseldorf
Amount : 489 000 EUA
Duration :3years
-P715 "Electron probe microanalysis ofmicrosegregation insteels depending
oncasting method
Under this project electron probe microanalysis will befurther developed
for fast andefficient determination ofthe homogeneity ofthe steel .Thesystem
will beused inparticular toevaluate pouring methods incontinuous casting .
The results obtained with theelectron probe will becompared with con­
ventional metallographic results .The measurement results will beevaluated
bymeans ofthe newtechnique ofstatistical geometry .
Applicant :IRSID -St.Germain -en-Laye
Amount : 434 000 EUA
Duration :3years
-P700 "Development ofadirect strand reduction method for steel "
Apreliminary study will first bemade .This will bebased onexperience of
direct strand reduction fornon-ferrous metals .Theprogramme ofwork isasfol­
lows :
1.Determination ofthe requirements for acontinuous casting method for steel
with amould moving with the strand
2.Discussion ofproblems specific tosteel anddevelopment ofways ofsolving
them
3.Selection ofasuitable pouring system
4.Description ofpossible solutions
5.Evaluation oftheprospects ofsuccess
Applicant :KRUPP -Essen
Amount : 30000 EUA
Duration :10months
b)JElectMc steelwork
Themain objectives ofthe steelmaking research projects areprocess
optimization ,energy saving andmore rational useofscrap .The last-mentioned
could beofconsiderable macroeconomic interest .
Oneproject isaimed attheoptimization ofthe A0Dprocess .The idea is
toautomate theprocess with themain object ofkeeping down chromium losses
and argon consumption .

Theaimofonertsearch project istomelt scrap andsponge iron ina
shaft furnace .This newdevelopment isinteresting from twopoints ofview :
theprimary energy input canhereduced byapproximately 40%bycomparison'
with theUHPfurnace ;andthis process could increase theflexibility ofscrap-
charging insteel plants which heve noelectric furnaces .
Itisproposed inanother project toutilize thewaste heat arising inthe
UHPfurnace .This proposal aims atimproving theBBC/BRUSA process .
Thefollowing project isalso aimed atimproving theoperation ofthe
UHPfurnace ,including line feed-back effects .This istobeachieved bysta­
bilizing theelectric arc .
Aspart ofafurther project ,thetechnology ofmelting andrefining is
tobeimproved bytheuseofplasma burners .
Thefinal project relates toladle metallurgy .Theintention istobuild an
inductively heated ladle andtotest itinasteel plant .Allthemetallurgical
work ,such asheating themelt tocasting temperature ,alloying anddegassing ,
will becarried out inthis ladle .Inthis way,both casting temperature andthe
desired composition canbedetermined more accurately .
-P605 "Refining ofstainless steels inthe AODconverter "
The research will becarried out inTeksid 's80tAODconverter .
Themathematical models describing theprocess asregards flow dynamics and
from thephysical andchemical aspects will bedeveloped inthefirst phase .
These models will then betried outontheconverter .Theproject isplan­
nedtoculminate incontinuous process control .
Applicant :TEKSID -Torino
Amount : 500 000 EUA
Duration :3years
-P641 "Development ofthe "Klockner "steelmaking method based onscrap and
sponge iron
Inapilot plant with acapacity of4000 t/month .ithasbeen shown that only
1.0Gcal primary energy isneeded tomelt atonne ofcrude steel .Itisnowplanned
toconstruct aprototype plant of50000 t/month .Tests ontheburners andonthe
charging ,cooling anddust removal systems will becarried outonthis plant .In
addition ,refractory life will beinvestigated andfinally theeconomic efficiency
oftheprocess will bedemonstrated .
ECSC aid islimited tostaff andoperating costs andtoresearch andde­
velopment costs .

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Applicant :KLOCKNERWERKE -Duisbourg
Amount:30708000EUA
Duration :31/2years
-P675"Application ofthemodified"BBC/Brusa"scrap-preheater process
toalargeUHPfurnace"
Scrappreheating bytheBBC/Brusaprocessistobetriedoutfor
thefirsttimeona170tUHPelectricarcfurnace.Thehotwastegases
willpreheatthescrapinarotarykiln.Theinclination ofthekiln
willbeadjustable sothatscrapcancontinuetobepreheatedduring
therefiningperiod.Ascrapgradingplantwillprecedetherotarykiln.
Amathematical modelwillbeconstructed forthecompleteprocess.
Applicant :BSC-London
Amount:339500EUA
Duration :21/2years
-P708"Improvement ofindustrial arcfunctioning "
Inthefirststagethehigh-voltage systemsthemselves andthe
reactiveeffectsofthesesystemsonthemainswillbeinvestigated
ontheIRSIDexperimental furnaceandonseveralindustrial UHP
furnaces.Inasubsequent experimental stageanattemptwillbemade
toimprovethe.functioning ofelectricarcfurnaces.
Thiswillbedonebystabilizing thearcbymeansofslightlyionizable
substancesthatareeitherinjectedintothefurnaceoraddedtothe
electrodes .
Reignitionofthearcsistobefacilitated byasuperposedarcof
lowoutputbuthighfrequency.
Applicant :IRSID-St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount:554000EUA
Duration :3years

-11-
-P725"Applications oftheplasmaarctechniqueinsteelmeltingandrefining"
Thetemperatures of5000-10000°Cobtainableinplasmaaretobeused
forboththemeltingandrefiningofsteel.
1.Ina3texperimental furnace(andlaterina40tindustrialfurnace)gases
(argonorargonmixtures)willbeinjectedintothearcthroughhollowelectrodes.
Theinfluenceofthegasesontheharmonics,flickering,thearcitself,thearc
flame,productivity,refractory wearandnoiselevelwillbeinvestigated .
2.Anattemptwillbemadetoadddesulphurizing anddeoxidizing agentsand
alloyingelementstogetherwiththecarriergas.
3.Plasmatorcheswillbetriedoutforthefirsttimeoutsidemeltingplant:
-inthetundishforcontinuouscasting
-intheladle.
Applicant :CSM-Roma
Amount:512000EUA
Duration:21/2years
-P709"Metallurgical treatmentofsteelinaninduction-heated ladle"
Inthisprojectaninduction-heated ladleistobeconstructed andtested.
Theladlewillfirstbeusedtoadjusttheteamingtemperatureprecisely.
Inasecondexperimental phasevacuumtreatmentwillbecarriedoutintheladle
atthesametime.Thefollowingwillbeinvestigated :
-theenergybalance
-thespeedofdissolution ofadditions
-theprecipitation speedofinclusions
-thepossibility ofsulphurremoval ;
Applicant :IRSID-St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount:528000EUA
Duration:3years
Otherrefractorymaterialsofinteresttothesteelindustrywillbetested
aspartofaresearchprojectinprogress.Theintentionistodeterminethe
behaviourofrefractorymaterialsinsituwithparticularreferencetorapid
ratesofheating.Theaimistoachieve,bycuttingdownheatingperiods,anin­
creaseinavailability andhenceareductionincapitalcosts.

-12-
-p642"Determination ofthefastestrateofheatingforrefractory-lined
units"
InacurrentECSCresearchprojectithasbeenfoundthattheexpansion
pressuresinamasonrybondaresmallerthanwouldbeexpectedfromdatameasured
ontheindividualbrick.Thiswouldmeaninpracticaltermsthatrefractoryunits
couldinfuturebeheatedupmuchfasterthanatpresent.Inthecurrentproject
fireclay,silicaandmagnesitebricksarebeingtested.
Inthisadditionalprojecttheresearchwillbeextendedtobauxite,mullite
andcorundum.
Applicant :VDEh-Dusseldorf
Amount:159000EUA
Duration :11/2years
d)Theoriticalsteelmaking
Theaimoftheresearchistoprovidethermochemical andkineticdatato
serveasabasisforthecalculation ofequilibria intheproduction ofironand
steel,inrefiningandinthemakingofalloysteels.Theworkwillbeconcen­
tratedmainlyonthecomplicated equilibriaofcomplexsystemsthatoccurin
practice.
-P644"Criticalreviewofmetallochemical dataoncompounds andalloysoccur­
ringinironandsteelproduction"
1.Production ofbinaryconstitutional diagramsforironandwritingofcomputer
programstocalculatethephaseboundariesofternarysystemsincorporating
interaction factors.ThesystemsFe,Ni,Co,Cr,andMowillbeinvestigated
togetherwiththenitrideandcarbideequilibria insolidandliquidsteels.
2.Writingofcomputerprogramstodeterminetheequilibria inFe,C,H,0,N,
Ssystemsandtoprepareenergybalancesforthereductionofironores.
3.Calorimetric measurements onthealloysystemsFe,Cr,MoandNi,Co,Crand
alsoontheoxidesystemsFeO,MnO,MgO.Compilation ofdiffusion speedsinoxide
systems.
Applicant :RWTH-Aachen
Amount:333500EUA
Duration :3years
-P724"Thermodynamic behaviourofcompounddeoxidizers "
(a)Calculation ofequilibrium diagramsforvariousdeoxidizing agents(Ca,Si,,
Al)insteel.Theequilibriawillbedetermined bymeansofstatistical
thermodynamics .
(b)Inasecondstageappropriate laboratorytestswillbecarriedouton50-
100kgmelts.Thesemeasurements willservetocheckthecalculations .
Applicant :CSM-Roma
Amount:203500EUA
Duration :21/2years
./.

-13-
II.3-TRANSFORMATION
Themainobjectiveoftherollingmillresearchprojectsistosavecosts
andenergy.
Oneprojectisaimedatreducingmaintenance andrepaircostsinrolling
mills.Thisistobeachievedbytheinstallation ofanautomaticearly-warning
systemformalfunctions .
Inanotherprojectthecharacteristic materialvaluesstilllackingfor
hightemperatures willbedeterminedforthefullyautomatedprogrammecontrol
ofahotstripmill.
Afurtherproblemisthehotconnection betweencontinuouscastingplant
andhotstripmill.Ahotstripmillrequiresvaryingslabwidthsduringarolling
programme.Aneffortwillbemadetomeetthisrequirement withouthavingto
changetheslabmouldinthecontinuous castingplanteachtime.Anewmethod,
willbedevisedtoreducethewidthofacontinuously castslabdownto600mm.
Intheprojectinthereheatingfurnacefield,themainemphasisisalso
onenergysaving.Anewlydevelopedceramicburneristobetested.Theexpected
energysavinginthesoakingpitswillbeintheregionof25Themeanenergy
consumption isatpresentrunningatapproximately 0.15Gcal/tsteel.Thisresearch
thushasgreateconomicimportance .
-P677"Evaluation ofanintegrated operatingconditionmonitoring maintenance
scheme
Amonitoring systemistobesetupinanintegrated areawhichwillmo­
nitortheoperatingconditionoftheindividual components .Thissystemwill
makeitpossibletoshortendowntimes,reduceunintentional lossesofproduction
makemoreefficient useofmaintenance servicesandreducecostsofspareparts.
Inthefirststage,thenecessarydatawillbecollected .Subsequently ,the
actualmaintenance schemewillbeworkedoutand,finally,experiencewillbe
gatheredoveranextendedperiodontheadvantages anddisadvantages ofsucha
scheme.
Applicant :BSC-London
Amount:622000EUA
Duration :3years
-P710"Characteristics ofplasticflowinthemetalunderhot-strip-mill
conditions
Rollingmodelsingeneraluseatpresenthavethedisadvantage thatin­
sufficient accountistakenoftherealplasticbehaviourofthematerial.-
Forthisreason,stressesinthehotstatewillbedeterminedinmildsteels,
construction steelsandtubesteels.Thetestparameters are:
-cheminaianalysis;
-degreeofdeformation ;
-rateofdeformation ;
-temperature ;
-intervalbetweenpasses.miIls.
system

Themetallurgical factorstobestudiedhereareaustenitegrainsize,
presenceofprecipitations andevaluationofdeformation arisingthroughnon-
recrystalization betweenpasses.
Theimprovedrollingmodeldevisedonthebasisoftheresultsofthis
researchwillthenbetestedinanindustrialhot-stripmill.
Applicant :IRSID-St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount:329000EUA
Duration :3years
-P739"Newmethodforlargewidthreductions inahot-stripmill"
Inordertobeabletocoverthemaximumpossiblerangeintherolling
programmeofahot-stripmillwithasingleslabwidthwhileretaining ahot
connection,itisnecessarytobeabletoreducetheslabwidthbyapproxima­
tely600mm.Thefollowingoptionswillbeexploredinthisconnection :
(a)synchronization oftensionbetweentwohorizontalrollingstands;
(b)useofoneormoreedgingstands;
(c)combination of(a)and(b);
(d)forgingindirectionofslabwidth;
(e)pressingindirectionofslabwidth.
Thevariouspossibilities willbetriedoutfirstonaplasticine-model
rollingmill(scale1:10).Amathematical modelwillthenbedeveloped and,
finally,theresultswillbetransferred toanindustrialplant.■«
Applicant :H00G0VENS-Ijmuiden
Amount:605000EUA
Duration :6years
-P745"Thermalefficiency ofreheatingfurnaces
Anewlydevelopedceramicburner,whichitishopedwillprovidebetter
thermalefficiency,willbetestedinseveralstages:
(a)InathermalpowerstationbelongingtoARBEDEsch/Belval(AEB).
Inthefirstinstanceoperatingparameterswillbetestest.
(b)Inasmall60-tonnesoakingpitbelongingtoAEB.
(c)Inapilotplant.
(d)Inalarge160-tonnefurnace.
Applicant :ARBED-Luxembourg
Amount:233000EAA
Duration :2years

-15-
II.4~MEASUREMENTS ANDANALYSIS
Theincreasingly stringentrequirements ofusersinrespectofquality,a
broaderrangeofsteelgradesandtheneedtoreduceoperatingcostsareall
factorscallingfornewmethodsorprocessesforexamination,inspection and
analysisatthevariousstagesoftheindustrialproduction andprocessingof
steels.
Inaddition,itwouldappearthatproductqualitywillplayamoredecisive
rolethaneverinthepenetration ofinternational marketsandincompetition on
thosemarkets.
*ThethirteenprojectspresentedintheMeasurements andAnalysissectorare
orientedtowardsstudiescovering :
~ f°rexample,thedetermination ofcontentsofaluminiuminsolu­
tioninsteelsbyahithertounpublicized methodofopticalemissionspectro­
metry.Forthesteelmaker,thisinformation isessentialforcheckingthe
correctadjustement togradeofkilledsteels.Inparticular,itisindis­
pensable,inmakingcorrections tothemetalbathfollowingcertainmetallur­
gicaloperations (desulphurization ofmetalbyreactionwithslagetc);hence
rationalization oftheprocess,costsavingsandaproductofdefiniteand
consistentquality.
""lt!§_!D§l§£i§i /withoutgoingoutsidethechemicalanalysisfield(secondary
ionicemission),itisessentialtoformulatethelimitsofthedistribution
ofelementsbetweenthedifferent phasesinvolvedinordertoplotthedevelop­
mentofproperties asafunctionoftheprecipitation ofcertainalloyingele­
ments.Theobjecthereistopromoteselectivity (newgradesofsteels)and
todetermine moreeffectively thetechnological performance ofdifferent
steels,andhencetocovertherangeofusestowhichtheycanbeappliedand
.sofindnewoutletsforthemonthemarket.
-E£Oduct_grogert ies;forexample,determining thedegreeoffreedomfromin­
clusionshasadirectincidence onthequalityandperformance ofsteels.
Anon-destructive methodofultrasonic examination ofstructureswillopen
thewaytosuchaninvestigation .Theeconomicincidencewillbeconsiderable ,
sincetheaimhereistoobtainabetterevaluation ofproductqualityatthe
stagesofsteelproduction,processing andfinishedproducts.
"i]]£_d£¥£i2E!!]£Qt_of_an_inte2rated_indust rial_insgection_s^stemusingscanning
byultrasonic beamstoevaluatetheinfluenceofsteelmaking parameters on
thepresenceofdefectsinhot-rolled productsafheavythickness andslabs
fromcontinuous casting.Asystemofthiskindisofparticular relevanceto
continuouscasting,butitsapplication requiresmanyprecautions andadjust­
ments.Itwillassistinobtaining abetterandconsistentproduct,whichis
whatallconsumersarecallingfor,especially pressure-vessel constructors
andthenuclearsector.Irrespective ofthequalityaspect,thereisthatof
safety. ,
-E£oduct_f2n2sh ;whichisofgreatsignificance asregardstosubsequentjoin­
ing,machiningandcorrosionprotectionoperations (tinning,galvanizing,
phosphating).Thisaspectisofinteresttothehugemotorindustrymarketin
particular.Bywayofillustration,onemaymentionthoseprojectswhichdeal
withexaminationfordefectsandsurfacecondition,whichrequireprecautions,
andhenceresearch,andinwhichgenuinedevelopments areindispensable not
onlytopromotetheproductbutalsotomeetincreasingly stringentnew
standards .

-16-
~steel jDromotion ;which embodies acomplex ofinterlinked factors (rationali­
zation ,cost ,quality ,etc).Thesafety aspect isone fothe links inthis clain .
Itistackled atboth thetechnical andtheregulatory level .From this point
ofview ,oneproject proposes determining aworking basis fortheapplication of
amethod ofmonitoring appliances (mainly boilers andnuclear pressure ves­
sels )during operation .
-P629 "Analysis ofsteel surface byplasma torch spectrometry "
The aim oftheproject istodevelop amethod forthechemical analysis of
steel sheet surfaces andthen todesign aninexpensive auxiliary device tocon­
nected toaplasma torch spectrometry unit .Thenormal method fortheanalysis
ofliquid solutions byplasma torch isalso being studied under acurrent ECSC
coordinated research project (thebeneficiaries being Hoesch ,IRSID ,BSCand
CRM).
Applicant :CRM -Liege
Amount : 184 000 EUA
Duration :2years
-P713 "Precise determination ofaluminium insolution inkilled steels "
For steelmakers itisessential tobeable todetermine the amount of
aluminium insteel accurately andconsistently inorder tocheck theadjustment
ofthe killed steel tothedesired composition .
The aimoftheproject istoestablish twomethods forthe rapid analysis
ofaluminium content (Almetal andAlintheformofAl^O^):
(1)bydeveloping amethod ofspectrographic analysis based ontheintegration
ofthe light signal once interferences produced during sparking have been
eliminated ;
(2)bydevising anewmethod for investigating certain phases which might exist
inthe steels .
Applicant :IRSID -St.Germain -en-Laye
Amount : 182 000 EUA
Duration :3years
-P714 "Method ofseparating ,identifying and analysing inclusions insteels "
The aim ofthe research istodevelop anefficient method forverifying
the techniques for improving the freedom from inclusions iniron and steel pro­
ducts .Ithas twomain objectives :
(a)development ofamethod forisolating material using large-scale samples in
-order toensure thepresence ofasufficient number ofinclusions .
(b)practical study ofthepossibilities offered bythis method fordetermining
thedistribution size ,nature andcomposition ofinclusions iniron and steel
products .
Applicant :IRSID -St.Germa in-en-Laye
Amount : 200000EUA '
Duration :3years

-17-
-P718 "Identification andanalysis ofsteel phases bysecondary ionemission "
Theaimoftheresearch istodevelop amethod ofmetallurgical investigation
which will help toimprove thequantification ofprecipitation rates ofcarbides
(NbC,TiC,VC)ornitrides andwill provide abetter tool forfollowing theevo­
lution ofcertain metal lographi cstructures .
Applicant :IRSID -St.Germain -en-Laye
Amount : 355 500 EUA
Duration :3years
-p746 "Investigation oflow-alloy Crand Ci–Vsteels for the formation and
dissolution ofnitrides byhotextraction ofsteel chippings with
hydrogen "
Themethod involving hotextraction ofsteel chippings with hydrogen hasso
farbeen developed only foriron-manganese steels and iron -manganese -silicon
steels .
The intention istoextend this method tothe iron-chromium -nitrogen and
iron-chromium -vanadium -nitrogen systems .This will make itpossible todistin­
guish between dissolved nitrogen andchemically combined nitrogen .
Forthis reason amethod istobedeveloped involving hotextraction in
stages .
Applicant :MPI -Dusseldorf
THYSSEN -Krefeld
Amount : 155 500 EUA
Duration :2years
-P604"Evaluation offreedom from inclusions byultrasound "
Touse iron and steel products efficiently itisnecessary ,inaalarge
number offields ,tohave athorough knowledge ofthe material characteristics .
Theaimoftheproject istostudy anultrasound method forthedetermination
offreedom from inclusions insteel .The development and industrial application
ofthemethod will beconcentrated mainly onnewproducts (special steels ,liquid
steels ,continuously cast products ,flat products ).
Theresearch will becoordinated with projects P618,P691 and P712 .
Applicant :COCKERILL -Li6ge
Amount : 162 000 EUA
Duration :3years
-p618"Development ofanintegrated industrial system toevaluate theprocess
parameter influence onthe internal defectuosity ofhot-rolled products
and ofHSLA continuously cast steels "
Theaimoftheproject istoresearch anddevelop anintegrated industrial
inspection system using ultrasonic beam scanning toevaluate theinfluence of
process parameters ontheinternal defects ofhot-rolled products andcontinuously
cast steel slabs .
Inthis way itshould bepossible toestablish anefficient product quality
control system andenable metallurgists responsible forproduction tocorrelate
inspection results directly with theprocess parameters .
./.

-18-
Applicant sITALSIDER-Geneva
Amount:400000EUA
Duration :3years
-P691"Ultrasonic assessment ofinclusions"
Thedevelopment ,production andperformance ofmetallurgical products
requirescompletecontrolofthemanufacturing processandanunderstanding
ofthematerialcharacteristics ,.
Aimingthese,thedetermination oftheinclusioncontentanddistribution
isveryimportant.Anon-destructive methodoffersdistinctadvantagesitis
possibletocarryoutrapidinspectionoflargevolumesofsteelbytheultra­
sonicassessment ofinclusions .Thisisthesubjectofthisresearchforwhich
themainfieldofindustrial application willbeinmedium-carbon steelsand
forgings.
Theresearchwillbecoordinated withprojects P604,P618andP712.
Applicant :GKN-Wolverhampton
Amount:180000EUA
Duration :3years
-P712"Evaluation offreedomfrominclusions byultrasound"
Freedomfrominclusionsisoneofthemost'importantsteelcharacteristics
tobedetermined .Hence,inthefirstphase(Agreement N°6210GA„201~301),pre­
liminaryresearchwascarriedtodefinethegeneralparameters ofamethodof
Theaimofthisprojectistocontinuetheworkbyusingtheearlier
resultstofindamethodwhichcanbeappliedatindustrial level.
Theresearchwillbecoordinated withprojects P604,P618andP691.
Applicant :IRSID-St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount:258000EUA
Duration :3years
-P646"Non-destructive determination ofinternalstressesinsteel"
Internalstressesappearduringboththeproduction stageandmostofthe
laterprocessing stages.Atpresentthemeasuringprocesses usedareforthe
mostpartdestructive andprovideinsufficient information sincethedepthexa­
minedislessthan30^,.
Theaimofthisprojectistodevelopanon-destructive methodofstress
resolution usingthefollowingtwotechniques :
1.Ultrasonic (Harwell)
2.Magnetic (IZfP)
Applicant :VDEh-Dûsseldorf
Amount:392000EUA
Duration :3yearsforthe
deothexa-
ofstress

-19-
-p602"Non-destructive monitoring andevaluation ofresidualservicelifein
theabsenceofmacrodefect development "
Whensteelisusedunderstressandathightemperatures ,itsmicrostructure
-andmechanicalproperties change.Ifthisdevelopment canbeevaluatedquantita­
tively,itshouldthenbepossibletoobtaindataleadingtowardsthemorera­
tionaluseofmaterials.Theaimoftheprogrammeistoassesstherelationships
-betweenthemicrostructural evolutions andnon-destructive (ultrosonic and
video-tape )examination inordertoproduceeitherinstrumentation oramethod
formonitoring equipmentinservice.
Applicants :TN0-Apeldoorn
BREDA-Milano
CREUSOT-LOIRE -LeCreusot
Amount:420000EUA
Duration :3years
-p645"Automatic methodforthestationaryindustrial inspection ofnewly-rolled
railsforsurfacedefectsanddimensional accuracy"
Theaimofthisprojectistodevelopandtotestunderpracticalconditions
amethodofnon-destructive examination usingvideorecordings andeddycurrents.
Thelattermethodshouldproduceobjective andautomaticmonitcring ofthesurface
conditionofrailsataspeedofapproximately 1.50m/sec.Thelatentdefectsand
unevennesses willbeshownupaswellasdefectsjustbelowtherolledsurface.
Processing andinterpretation oftheresultswillbecarriedoutoneletronic
equipment.
Applicant :VDEh-Dusseldorf
Amount:437500EUA
Duration :3years
-P679"Advancement ofsurfaceinspection instrumentation forcold-rolled steel
strip"
UnderanearlierECSCresearch-contract(7210GA804)theapplicant had
designedandsetupinthelaboratory asystemforthedetectionofsurface
defectsoncold-rolled products.Thisprojectisacontinuation oftheprevious
workinordertovalidatethecompletesystemsetupinthelaboratory andto
adaptitforindustrial use,andinparticular todevelopthecomputersoftware
forsignalprocessing underdynamicoperatingconditions .
Applicant :BSC-London
Amount:271500EUA
Duration :2years
II.5-SERVICEPROPERTIES ANDPERFORMANCE
Projectsinthisarearelatetothefollowingtopics:
1•££2£S2ses :"forexample,weldingbyhigh-frequency machinewillproducetubes
thatcanbeusedwithoutsubsequentgrinding.Thiswillsavetimeandre­
sourcesandconsequentlywillmakeforgreatercompetitiveness onthemarket.
Anotherprojectconcernsresearchintospot-welding,e.g.forhigh-strength
steels.Weldingcauseslocalreductionsinstrength,thecausesofwhich

-20-
shouldbsfurtherstudiedinordertodevelopmethodsthatcanbeusedduring
weldingtoimprove,forexample,thefatiguestrengthofstructures madefrom
thesesteels,
2-I!}i_steel_itself :optimization ofitscomponentsandalloyingelementswhich,
whileensuringthatthesteelconformstotechnicalrequirements andmaintains
itsmechanicalstrengthandresistancetoexternalchemicalagents,willhelp
tosatisfyeconomicrequirements.Thisappliestosteelsusedinthevarious
typesofpowerstations,inthechemicalandfoodindustriesandinsea-water
desalination plant.
3-J>6vej.ogment_of_new_stee^_arades which,asinthecaseofdual-phasesteels
areintendedforthehugemotorvehiclemarket.Thesesteelshavetobeused
withgreatcareandthereforeresearchisrequired.Thiscallsformoreexten­
siveexperiments toinvestigate whether,inordertoreducecosts,itispos­
sibletomodifythecontentofalloy.ingelementsbyconcentration ,forexample,
onimprovingtheefficiencyofthermomechanical treatment.
t*mPromotion_of_steej .atbothtechnicalandregulatorylevel
Asregardsthetechnicalaspects,theaimistostudy,withaviewtothefu­
turedevelopment ofthemarket,theimprovement ofandserviceconditions
fornewandstrongergradesofsteel.Whileretaininggoodweldingandforming
properties,thesesteelswouldincreasethesafetyofbuildings (stability)
andvehicles.Atthesametimetheywouldallowvehicleweightstobereduced,
thussavingfuel.Manyprojectsrelatetothedevelopment ofdual-phasesteels,
themaking,workinganduseofwhichcallforamajoreffort.Thesurfacefinish
ofsheetsteelfordrawingisalsoaconstantlyrecurringtopicofinterest,
sincethequalityofthefinishedproductdependsonthesurfacefinish;also,
ifindustrialformingoperationsaretobeprofitable,itisnecessarytoen­
surethattoolsarenotwornouttooquicklybythepoorsurfacefinishofthe
pressings.
Asregardsregulatoryprovisions,careshouldbetakenthatthetextsbrought
intoforcedonot,forexampleinthebuildingindustry,penalizesteelas
comparedwithrivalmaterialssuchasconcrete.Heretheresultsoffatigue
andrupturetestswillbeusedtodemonstrate thegoodservicebehaviourof
steelcomponentsandframeworks.
a)_Weldabi I
~P617Industrial developmentofalowheatinputinertgasweldingsystemas
analternative fortheconventional submerged-arcweldingofhigh-strength
steelpipes"
Theuseofhigh-strength low-alloysteelsforthemanufacture ofpipeshas
beenfacilitated bythedevelopment ofproceduresforplateproductionandtreat­
menttocontinuethisdevelopment,theproblemswiththeparentmetalcaused
bythesubmerged-arc weldingheatcyclemustbesolved.
Thiscallsforthedesignandindustrialscaledevelopment ofalowheat
inputweldingsystem.Theprocesswhichseemsatpresenttomeetthisrequirement
bestiscompleteorpartialinertgaswelding.
Applicant :ITALSIDER-Taranto
Amount:500000EUA
Duration 2years
-P698"Useofhigh-frequencywieldingmachinestoproducealloyandnon-alloyspecial'"steeltubes"

-21-
Thehigh-frequency weldingprocessisusedsuccessfullyintheproduction
ofsteeltubes.Thetubescanbeusedwithoutsubsequentstrenghtening since
theirgeometryremainsgoodandthetolerancesarenotexceeded.Anotheradvantageofhigh-frequency weldingistheoutputthatcanbeachieved.Thisprocessis
usedatpresentforordinarysteelsbutnotyetforlowormedium-alloysteels
orforhigh-alloystainlesssteels.
Theaimistodefinethetechniqueforweldingthesesteelsandthequality
oftheweldseamandtocontroltheweldingmachinebycomputer.
Applicant :KRUPPSTAHLVERKE-Rheinhausen
Amount:2345000EUA
Duration:21/2years
b)Corrosion
-P622Corrosionofstainlesssteelsinbrackishandsalineindustrialliquors"
Theproblemscausedbylocalcorrosion(pitting,crevicecorrosion,cra­
cking)inbrackishandsalinewatercanbesolvedbymeansofalloyswitha
highnickel,chromiumandmolybdenumcontent ,butasthepriceofthesesteels
isveryhightheinstallations areextremelycostly.Theaimistodefinethe
typesofcorrosionthatoccurunderthevariousconditionsofuse(temperature,
chlorideconcentration ,electrochemical potential,levelofmechanicalstress)
andthentoreducecorrosionbyselectingthemostsuitablegradesofsteelthat
meetthetechnicalrequirements andaresatisfactory fromtheeconomicaspect.
Applicants :CREUS0T-L0IRE -Unieux
CSM-Roma
Amounts:212000EUAand224500EUA
Duration:3years
ç)_Formability
""P663'Promotionoftheuseofhigh-strength cold-rolled andhot-rolled steel
plateandsheetinthemotorindustry"
Thestrengthening ofmotorvehiclesrequiredbythesafetyregulations
resultsinanincreaseinweightandconsequently anincreaseinfuelconsumption .
Itthusappearsadvantageous tousehigh-strength gradesofsteelforsomecom­
ponents.However,thedevelopment ofthisusecomesupagainstcertaindiffi­
cultiesinconnectionwithcold-forming,decreaseincorrosionresistance on
accountofthereducedthickness,spotweldingwhichisstillunsatisfactory
andfatigueresistance.Itisalsonecessarytostudytheeconomicfeasibility
ofusingthesesteels.
Applicant:VDEh-Dusseldorf
Amount:2762500EUA
Duration:3years
~P652"Coldformabilityofdual–phaseorduplexsteelsproducedfromrolling
heatwithandwithoutspecialsurfacetreatment"
Onaccountofthemorerigoroussafetyrequirements inthemotorindustry,
intensivedevelopment workhasbeenundertaken,particularly intheUSAand

Japan,inthefieldofhigh-strength steelswithgoodcoldformability charac­
teristics .Thermomechanical treatmentprocessesappliedtosuitablegrades
enables"dual-phase'' or"duplex"steelstobeproduceddirectlywithoutan­
nealinginahotstripmill.Theobjectiveofthsworkistheaccuratestudy
oftheformabilit}'ofhotandcold-rolled strip.
Applicant :STAHLWERKE PEINESALZGJ.TTER-Peine
Amount:298500EUA
Duration :21/2years(from1January1979)
-P742"Optimization oftheuseofhigh-strength steelsheetinthemotorindustry"
Theuseofhigh-strength steelsisincreasing inthemotorindustrytomeet
thesafetycriteriaandtheneedtosavefuel(byreducingweight).Onthebasis
oftheknowledgeacquiredofthedrawingandformingofnormalsheet,itisplanned
tostudythedrawability conditionsforhigh-strength sheetandtoanalysethe
properties ofcomponents manufactured fromsuchsheet.
Applicant :VDEh-Dusseldorf
Amount:954:000 EUA
Duration :3years
-P716"Recrystalligationofhardenedextra-mild steelsheetinthecourseof
rapidannealingcycles"
Developments inthedesignofmotorvehicles(safety,fuelsavings)will
greatlyexpandthehigh-strength sheetsteelmarket.Itisextremelyprobable
thatthegreaterpartofthismarketwillfalltocold-rolled sheet.Thispro­
ductshouldtherefore meettwopartlycontradictory requirements :high-strength
andgoodformability .Toachievethisend,itisnecessarytooptimizetheentire
manufacturing cycle(chemicalcomposition,rolling,annealingcycle).Thisopti­
mizationwillnotbepossibleunlessconsiderable knowledgeisacquiredofthe
recrystallization andtextureformation mechanisms duringannealing;thisisthe
purposeoftheresearch.
Applicant :IRSID-St.Germain-en-Laye
Amount:346.500 EUA
Duration :3years
-P727"Continuously annealedhigh-strength low-alloysteelsfordeepdrawing"
High-strength steelsfordeepdrawinghavebeenstudiedforanumberof
years.Itseemsthatwhenitisnecessarytocombineahighlevelofstrength
withgooddrawingcharacteristics ,thehardeningobtainedbythesecond-phase
precipitates providesthebestresults.Thedifficulties inindustrial pro­
ductionare,however,considerable ,sinceitisnecessarytocontroltheannealing
cycleaccurately .Anunderstanding ofthephenomenaofinteractions betweenthe
precipitates andrecrystallization duringshortannealingcyclesisrequiredand,
toobtainthis,itisnecessarytodevelopapilotproductionunitfortheselow"-\
alloysteels.
Applicant :CSM-Roma
Amount:155500EUA
Duration :2years

-23-
-p683"Dual-phasehigh-strength formablesteels"
High-strength low-alloysteelsarebeingusedonalargescaleinthe
motorindustry(safety,weightreduction,fuelsavings).However,thismarket
couldstillexpandifthecold-formabilityofthesesteelswereimproved:
thisistheideabehindthe"dual-phase"steelsdevelopedandusedintheUSA
andJapan.Ourindustrymustbepreparedtoproducethesesteelstoprevent
steelsproducedelsewherefrompenetrating theCommunitymarket.
Theaimistooptimizeboththeproductionmethodsandthepropertiesofthese
steels.
Applicant :BSC-London
Amount:304500EUA
Duration:3years
-P732"Hot-rolled stampingblanksofdual-phasesteels"
Itisprobablethat,inthenearfuture,theuseofcold-rolled high-
strengthsteelswilldeveloprapidlyinthemotorindustry;however,hot-rolled
high-strength steelswithathicknessofabout4mmcanalreadybeusedfor
certaincomponentsofcarsandheavygoodsvehicles.Forapplications which
requireonlyminordeformation,dual-phasesteelsofthesamedegreeofstrength
shouldhavebettermechanicalproperties.Toobtainsuchsteels,itisneces-•
sarytomodifythechemicalcomposition andtherollingprogrammesassociated
withhighcoolingspeeds.
Itisplannedtocarryoutmoreintensiveexperimental workinthisfield
toascertainwhetheritispossibletomodifyandreducethecontentsofalloy­
ingelementsbyconcentrating ontheeffectiveness ofthermomechanical treatment.
Applicant :CSM-Roma
Amount:214500EAA
Duration:2years
"P682"Influenceofmaterialproperties onthebucklingbehaviourofsheetsteel
duringpressforming "
Duringthelastfewyears,muchworkhasbeendoneonthedetermination of
forminglimitcurvestoenablethedrawingqualitiesofsteeltobedefined.
Thebucklingandwrinklingofsheetsteelare,togetherwithfracture,reasons
forrejectionduringmanufacture .Despitetheprecautions takenintheuseofthe
toolsthemselves,itseemsthatthepropertiesofthegradeofsteelemployedare
stillofprimaryimportance.
Theuseofhigh-strength steelsnowrequiresabroaderunderstanding ofthe
variousfactorsinvolved.
Applicant :BSC-London
Amount:105000EUA
Duration:2years
"P623"Surfacefinishofsteelsheetinrelationtodeep-drawing problems"
Inindustrialproduction,seizingisanoccurrencewhichslowsdownthe
productionlineandreducesintervalsatwhichpresstoolsmustbereconditioned
Thesheetsurfacefinish(distribution ofpeaksandvalleys)hasadefinitein*-
fluenceonthisphenomenon.Althoughworkhasbeencarriedoutonthinsheet
(lessthan1mm),itmustbecontinuedonthickersheet(3mm)andextendedto

-24-
includehigh-strength gradesofsteel.
Applicant :CRM-Liege
Amount:541000EUA
Duration :21/2years
-P689"Resistance spot-welding oflow-carbon andhigh-strength low-alloysteels"
Theaimistoresolveuncertainties concerning therelationship betweenthe
composition andcharacteristics oflow-carbon andhigh-strength steelsandthe
resultantweldquality.Thefatigueresistanceofspotweldswillbestudied.
Theinformation acquiredcouldserveasaguidefortheuseofthesesteels,
particularly inthemotorindustry.
Applicant :BSC-London
Amount:'315000EUA
Duration :3years
-P717"Transformation andprecipitation aftertherollingofsheetonacon­
tinuoushotstripmill"
Theknowledgeofthephenomenathatoccurinausteniteduringrolling,
althoughincomplete,isstillsufficientformetallurgical inspection onthe
stripmilltobeconsidered .Thelackofknowledgeisgreatestinrespectofthe
phenomenathatoccurafterrolling,accountbeingtakenofthespecialausteni­
ticstate.Itisthereforeproposedtomakeacompletemetallurgical studyofthe
transformation andprecipitation phenomenaoccurringunderhotstripmillcondi­
tions,toincludeeverythingthatoccursafterrollingandaffectstheproper­
tiesofthecoilanditssubsequent use.
Applicant :IRSID-St.Geramin-en-Laye
Amount:300000EUA
Duration :3years
-P625"Influence ofinterstitial atomsaturation levelontheeffectiveness
ofoveragingtreatmentaftercontinuousannealingofmildsteelsheet"
Theaimofthisstudyistodefinethemostsuitablecomposition,forse­
veralcoolingspeeds,aftercontinuous annealing,i.e.compositions exhibiting
minimalagingafteroveraging andskin-passing .Theestablishment inadvanceof
arelationship betweentheeffectiveness ofthisoveraging andthedegreeof
supersaturation itselfinrelationtocertaincontinuous annealing heattreatment
characteristics andtothecomposition isthebestwayofattainingthisobjective.
Applicant :CRM-Liege
Amount:377500EUA
Duration :3years
-P630"Surfacecleanliness ofannealedandskin-passed strip"
Theconditionofthesurfaceofannealedandskin-passed strip,andmore
especially the"surfacechemistry",affectthesubsequent useoftheproduct.
Thepurposeofthisresearchistodeterminethenatureoftheimpurities present
onthestripwhichareactuallycapableofinfluencingitssubsequent useand
then,afteridentification oftheagent(s)responsible fortheseimpurities,to
estabU$hthethresholds beyondwhichcertainproblemsmayappear.
Applicant :CRM-Liege
Amount:339500EUA
Duration :3years

-25-
-P748 "Influence ofsurface chemistry onphosphate coating andresistance to
corrosion after painting "
Thesurface finish ofsteel sheet ,i.e. itssuitability forphosphate
coating and itsresistance tocorrosion after painting ,depends toalarge extend
onthetransformations that occur from thetime ofcasting uptotheprocessing
andprotection ofthesteel sheet .Thedistribution ofalloying elements ,
morphology andtheporosity ofthesurface film must allbetaken into account .
Itisproposed toacquire more extensive knowledge bymeans ofanelectrochemical
study ofthecorrelation between thepainting ofthe sheet andthecomposition
ofthesurface together with theproperties ofthephosphate film .
Applicant :CSM -Roma
Amount : 103 500 EUA
Duration :2years
d)Structural steels
-P662 Study ofthe fatigue strength ofweathering-resistant structural steels "
Itisrecognized that changes inthesurface condition ofweathering -
resistant steels can reduce the fatigue strength ofcomponents made ofsuch
steels .Confirmation ofthis statement isnot easy toobtain because ofthe dif­
ficulty ofreproducing inalaboratory all themechanical andenvironmental con­
ditions towhich these components aresubjected inactual buildings .Such con­
firmation under actual conditions ofusetakes along time (alternation ofcIi– ,
matic conditions ).Theaim istodetermine therelationship between fatigue
strength andduration ofexposure forboth thebase materials and thewelded
assemblies .
Applicant :VDEh -Dusseldorf
Amount : 233 500 EUA
Duration :61/2years
e)Fract uremechanisms
-P681 "Quantitative understanding ofcorrosion fatigue crack growth behaviour "
Theobjective ofthis research istoenhance theunderstanding ofcorrosion
fatigue crack initiation andgrowth behaviour onaquantitative basis .Itishoped
that predictive procedures canbedefined fordealing with design andmaterial
selection foroptimum resistance tocorrosion fatigue .Itisindispensable to
understand ,quantitatively ,thebehaviour under constant amplitude loading before
attempting topredict behaviour under themore complex case ofvariable amplitu­
deloading .
Applicant :BSC -London
Amount : 171 500 EUA
Duration :2years
-P729"Structure -strength -toughness relations inthefusion zone depending on
chemical composition and welding method "
Thewelding methods generally used ,such asthesubmerged arcmethod ,do
notalways enable satisfactory mechanical properties tobeobtained inthefusion
zone and,inaddition ,their industrial productivity needs tobeincreased .For

-26-
example,suitablethickplateweldpropertiesforthemanufacture ofpressure
vesselscanonlybeobtainedinthefusionzonewithmethodsusinglowheatinput.
Theobjectiveisthustocarryoutasystematic studyofthefusionzone(structure-
strength-toughness )asafunctionoftheweldingmethod.
Applicant :CSM-Roma
Amount:257500EUA
Duration :2years
f)Lightstructures
-P686"Development ofdesignrulesfortheuseofstructural steelinbuilding"
Theexistingbuildingrulesmustnotjeopardize development intheuseof
steelinbuilding.Whentheyarerevised,thisdisadvantage mustbeavoided.The
production ofacodeofpracticefortheuseofsteelinbuilding,containing
bothtechnical andeconomicrecommendations ,wouldserveasabasisforthe
draftingofaEuropeancodewhichwouldsafeguardtheuseofsteelinthissector.
Applicant :BSC-London
Amount:244500EUA
Duration :11/2year
-P664"Multi-storey buildingsofsteel-Designprinciples forarchitects"
In1974,anatlasofsteelconstruction waspublished andmetwithconsi­
derablesuccessinvariouscountries.Thateditionhasbeensoldoutanditap­
pearsessentialtorepublishthework;theopportunitywillbetakentoup-date
thepublication totakeaccountofrecenttechnological developments aridnewrules.
Applicant :DEUTSCHER STAHLBAUVERBAND ~Köln
Amount:135500EUA
Duration :4years
-P619"Steelstructurebuildingsinseismicareas"
Theinitialphaseofthisstudyisbeingconcluded;itconcerneddesign
calculations ,theapplication ofthebuildingrulesinforceinvariouscountries
andthebehaviouroftheframeworks underactualconditions (Friuli).
Inthesecondphase,thisworkonthestudyoftheframeworks andtheir
connections withothercomponents (floors,walls)willbecontinuedtoinvesti­
gatingthewayinwhichthecompleteassemblycanaddtothestabilityofthe
buildingandpreventitstotalruin(safety,protection oftheinhabitants).
Applicant :ITALSIDER-Genova
Amount:358.500 EUA
Duration :2years
-P744"Bucklingofhigh-strength steelstructural sections"
AdraftEuropeanstandardforstructural steelwork,establishing critical
bucklingloadsoncolumnsconstructed withstandardized sections,isbeingpre­
pared.Accordingtotheknownexperimental results,aclassification werefavou­
rablethanthatinthedraftstandardseemsjustifiedfordouble-Tsectionsof
high-strength steel.Theseinitialresultsmustnowbeconfirmed onabroader
experimental basis.Thisisanimportantpointinthepromotionoftheuseofhigh
high-strength steelsinstructuralsteelwork,asectorinwhichsteelcolumnsin
areinkeencompetition withconcrete.

Applicant :ARBED-Luxembourg
Amount:214000EUA
Duration 2years
g)-Special^andaI,l.oy_steels
-P685"Development ofsteelsforthefastenerandcold-forging marketsby
testingunderfastenerproduction conditions"
TheuseofCommunitysteelshasconsiderably decreasedduringthelast
fouryearstotheadvantageofsteelsfromnon-member countries.Themarket
islargeone(bolts,nuts,rivets,etc.)anditisnecessarytocaptureit.
Theefforttobemadeconcernsthecostofboththeproduct(optimization of
chemicalcompositions andofheattreatments )andthemanufacturing operations .
Applicant :BSC-London
Amount:355000EUA
Duration :3years
-p728"Ferriticstainlesssteelswithalowcontentofinterstitial elements"
Intheinitialphase,acriticalreviewwasmadeoftheexistingrefi­
ningprocess,industrialproduction andthedefinition oftheproductsobtained
andtheinfluenceofcomposition onserviceproperties .Itisnownecessaryto
broadenthestudytoincludetheeffectsofsecond-phase precipitation onthe
embrittlementandresistance tocorrosionofferriticsteels,toestablishthe
correlation betweentheweldingmethodsandsecond-phase precipitation andto
extendtoapilotleveltheformability studiesonsteelsofthe18-2CrMo
type.
Applicant :CSM-Roma
Amount:318500EUA
Duration :2years
-P735"Enhancement ofmachinabilityforforgingqualitysteels"
Incertainsectors,suchasthemotorindustry,high-quality steelsmust
bedefendedagainstcompetition fromothermaterials suchasaluminium andre­
inforcedplastics,forreasonsofweightsavingamongothers.Mostofthecom­
ponentsusedhavetobemachined (turned,drilled,milled).Tofacilitate these
operations,additionsaremade(lead,sulphur,calcium)atlevelscompatible
withthedesiredmechanicalcharacteristics .Theresultscanbeverifiedby
fatiguetestscarriedoutinparalleiwithlaboratory workonthesulphideshape
thathelpstoimprovemachinability.
Applicant :6.K.N.-Wolverhampton
Amount:350000EUA
Duration:3years

-28-
11,6-MISCELLANEOUS
-P59STechnicalsteelliterature"
Thisinvolvestherenewalofagreement6210,08/5/002grantingASELTfi­
nancialaidtotranslateintoCommumtylanguagestextsofinteresttotheiron
andsteelindustrywhicharepublishedin"difficult"languages(especially
JapaneseandRussian).
Applicant :ASELT-Luxembourg
Amount:200000EUA

Origin.F
Annex
SUMMARY TABLE
Project
N°TitleoftheresearchProposedresearch Financialaid
'
byburatfcnjAmountEUAjm1AmountEUAI
: ^years)(7.12.78)*(7.12.78)
OREREDUCTION
a)_Sinter
613Thermaloptimization ofsinteringprocess Italsider 2717I
000i60430200
666OxygenenrichmentoffiringgasesforDLsintering Arbed21/2308500160185100
Lurgi 5200060 31200
668/2Optimization ofthesinteringprocesswithparticularreferencetofuel
savingsBSC 357050060342300
702SinteringofLorraineore
b>._BL^ast_lurnaceIRSID 36385006d383100
616Effectsofthesofteningandmeltingzone onblastfurnaceperformances ITALSIDER 270350060422100
634Rationaluseanddiversification oftypesofenergythatcanbeused
intheblast.furnaceCRM 3
■536000
I60321600
637Influenceofburdenproperties ontheperformanceofblastfurnacesof
approximately 10m.hearthdiameterVDEh 3125750060754500
672In-servicemonitoringofintercrystalline stresscorrosiononhot-blast-
stovedomesbyacousticemission8SC 550100060300600I
703AlcalinesandpropertiesofcokeIRSID 3433500L260100
723Kineticsofironoxidereductionintheconditionsprevailinginthe
bosh CSM 215250050 91500

-2-Ong.F
Project1
t TitleoftheresearchProposedresearch Financialaid
N°
; IbyDuratior
(years)Aircunt
(7.12EUA
.78)%Amount
(7.12EUA
.78)
I 1
II STEELMAKING j(I
I
a)Casting_and_solidifiçation |
631Intensivecoolingofcontinuously castbilletsCRM 334150060I204900
632InfuenceofsecondarycoolingonslabswellingandinternalqualityCRfi 340250060241500
639Continuousdetermination ofshellticknessinthecontinuouscastinc
ofsteeltoimproveprocesscontrolBFI 348900060293400
674Evaluation,development anddesignoftransportrollersincontinu­
ouscastingplantBSC 342950060257700
700 jDevelopmentofadirectstrandreductionmethodforsteel Krupp 5/630000100 30000
705jTechnological improvementstothecontinuouscastingprocessIRSID 356700060340200|
706Roleofmechanicalworkingonthequalityofplatesfromcontinu­
ouslycastslabsIRSID 345850060275100
715Electronprobemicroanalysis ofmicrosegregation insteelsdependin ;
oncastingmethod!IRSID 343400060260400
726Treatmentofsteelbyinjectionofmaterialscontainingalkaline
earthelements
b2_Electric_steelworkCSM 363650060381900
605RefiningofstainlesssteelintheA0DconverterTeksid 3'50000060300000
641Development ofthe"Klockner"steelmaking methodbasedonscrapand
spongeironKlöckner 31/23070800041300000
675Application ofthemodified"BBC/Brusa"scrap-preheater processto
alargeUHPfurnaceBSC 21/2'33950060203700
708 jImprovement ofindustrial arcfunctioning . IRSIDI
I355400060332400
709Metallurgical treatmentofsteelinaninduction-heated ladleIRSID
i'352800060316800
725Applications oftheplasmaarctechniqueinsteelmeltingand
refiningCSM 21/251200060307200

Titleoftheresearch
Determinationofthefastestrateofheatingforrefractory-tin»dunits
d^Jheoret^cat_steelwak_inq
Criticalreviewofmetallochemical dJtaoncompoundsandalloysoc-curinginironandsteelproduction
Thermodynamic behaviourofcompounddeoxidiiers
TRANSFORMATION
Evaluationofanintegratedoperatingconditionmonitoringmainte­nancescnene
"Pl"t,CtlMund"tat-.trtp-.Ul
Newmethodforlargewidthreductionsinahot-stripmill
Thermalefficiencyofreheatingfurnaces
MEASUREMENTS ANDANALYSIS *
Non-destructivemonitoringandevaluationofresidualservicelife1ntheabsenceofmacrodefectdevelopment ™rviceure
[Evaluationoffreedomfrominclusionsbyultrasound
c«r„~r' ?>?<-««.«»«.«».pro-
Analysisofsteelsurfacebyplasmatorchspectrometry".cu:r£ï.WS;Î!:«'-–«««*raiCStordefect,anddimensionalaccuracy
Non-destructivedeterminationofinternalstressesinsteelOriJ.F
Proposedresearch
byDurâtlorjA-.ountEUA
(years)(7.12.73)Financialaid
Anountê'JA
(7.12.73)
VOEh
R.W.T.H
CSN
8SC
ZRSIO
Hoogovens
Arbed
Creusot-Lo w?
TNO
Breda
CockeriII
1l«iiiiw*f
CRM
V'vEh
VOEh11/2
3
3
6
2
2
3
3159000
3335500
21/21203500
422000
329000
605000
2340006060
30
60
60
60
60
U0000
noooo
140000
162C00
400000
184000
437500
39200060
60
60
60
60
60
60
6095400
100050
122100
373230
1974Q0
363000
140400
84000
84000
84000
97200
•240000
110400
262500
235200

-4-Orig.F
Project
N°TitleoftheresearchProposedresearch Financial aid
byEurationj [AmountEUA AmountEUA
I(years)(7.12.78)]LU|(7.12.,7S)
679i–
Advancementofsurfaceinspectioninstrumentation forcoldrolled
steelstripi
BSC 2 271i
50060162■
900
691![ultrasonicassessmentofinclusionsG.K.N. 3 1800006010Scoo
712I[EvaluationoffreedomfrominclusionsbyultrasoundIRSID 3 258000601548C3
713Precisedetermination ofaluminiuminsolutioninkilledsteels !IRSID 3 18200060109200
714Methodofseparating,identifying andanalysinginclusionsinsteelsiIRSID 3 20000060120000
718Identification andanalysisofsteelphasesbysecondaryionenis-
sion IRSID |3 35550060213300
746Investigation ofLow-alloyCrandCr-Vsteelsfortheformationand
dissolutionofnitridesbyhotextractionofsteelshippingswithMPI
Thyssen!215550060 93300
hydrogen
SERVICEPROPERTIES ANDPERFORMANCE
617IIIndustrial development ofalowheatimputinertgasweldingsystem
50000060300000lasanalternative fortheconventional submergedarcweldingofhighpItalsider2
IIstrengthsteelpipes
698 !Useofhigh-frequency weldingmachinestoproducealloyandnon-Krupp 21/2234500032755300
alloyspécialsteeltubes
b)_Çorros2on
622Corrosionofstainlesssteelsinbrackishandsalineindustrial hreusot-Loi rdh, 21200060127200
liquors CSM 22450060 fOuI
c)Formabilit^! i
I
623Surfacefinishofsteelsheetinrelationtodeep-drawing problems CRM21/25410006032-600
625Influenceofinterstitial atomsaturation levelontheeffectiveness
22ο500ofoveragingtreatmentaftercontinuous annealingofmildsteel CRM 3 37750060
sheet

-5-
Project
N°Titleoftheresearch
630
652
663
682
683
689
716
717
727
732
742
748
662
681Surfacecleanlinessofannealedandskin-passedstrip
Coldformabilityofdual-phaseorduplexsteelsproducedfromrol­
lingheatwithandwithoutspecialsurfacetreatment
Promotionoftheuseof.high-strength cold-rolled andhot-rolled
steelplateandsheetinthemotorindustry
Influenceofmaterialpropertiesonthebucklingbehaviourofsheet
steelduringpressforming
Dual-phasehigh-strength formablesteels
|Resistancespot-weldingoflow-carbonandhigh-strengthlow-alloy
steels
Recrystallization ofhardenedextra-mildsteelsheetinthecourse
ofrapidannealingcycles
Transformation andprecipitation aftertherollingofsheetonva
continuous hotstripmill
Continuously annealedhigh-strength low-alloysteelsfordeep^
drawing
Hot-rolledstampingblanksofdual-phasesteels
Optimizationoftheuseofhigh-strength steelsheetinthemotor
industry
Influenceofthesurfacechemistryonphosphatecoatingand
resistancetocorrosionafterpainting
d)Structural_steels
Studyonthefatiguestrengthofweathering-resistant structural
steels
Quantitative understanding ofcorrosionfatiguecrackgrowthbe­
haviourOng.F
Proposedresearch Financialaid
byburationl IAmountEUA*AmountEUAI
iCyears)|(7.12.78)|1(7.12.78)j
ICRM 333950060I
I203700
IStahlw.P+S
I21/229850060179100
VDEh 32762500601657500
BSC 2 10500060 63000
BSC 3 30450060182700
BSC 3 31500060189000
IRSID 334650060207900
IRSID 330000060180000
CSM 2 1555006093300
CSM 221450060128700
IThyssenh3■95400060572400
IKrupp }
CSM 2 1035006062100
VDEh 61/2233'50060140100
BSC, 2 17150060102900
« I
I

-6-
Ong.F
1Project ITitleoftheresearchProposedresearch Financialaid
N0by j
i3uration
(years)Amount
(7.12.
iEUA
.78)Χ
IAmount
<7.12.
rEUA
.73)
729Structure-strength-toughnessrelationsinthefusionzonedepending
onchemicalcomposition andweldingmethod
f)_Light_structuresCSM 2 26750060160500
619jSteelstructurebuildingsinseismicareasItalsider » 35850060215100
664Multi-storey buildingsofsteel-Designprinciplesforarchitects D.S.T.V.' 13550060 81300
686Development ofdesignrulesfortheuseofstructuralsteelin
buildingBSC 11/224450060146700
744Bucklingofhighstrengthsteelstructuralsections
g2_SQeciaL._and_aL^].o^_steeL^sArbed 2 21400060128400
685Development ofsteelsforthefastenerandcold-forging marketsby
testingunderfastenerproductionconditionsBSC 3 35500060213000
728Ferriticstainlesssteelswithalowcontentofinterstitial
elementsCSM 2 31850060191100
735Enhancement ofmachinabilityforforgingqualitysteels
MISCELLANEOUSGKN 3 35050060210300-
598 jTechnicalsteelliteratureAselt |200000|[100|200000j
ij Sub-Total62.132500[19494950
I Costofdisseminationofinformation 505050
TOTAL 20000000j