14. 4. 75 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 82/91 
Proposals  for  Council  Directives: 
I. on  the  approximation  of the laws  of the  Member  States  relating  to constructional 
plant  and  equipment 
II. on  the approximation  of the laws  of the Member  States  relating  to the measurement 
of the  sound  level  of constructional  plant  and  equipment 
III. on  the approximation  of the laws  of the Member  States  relating  to the permissible 
sound  level  for pneumatic  concrete-breakers  and  jackhammers 
(Submitted  to the  Council  by the  Commission  on  31 December  1974) 
I 
Proposal  for a Council  Directive  on the approximation  of the laws  of the Member  States 
relating  to common  provisions  for  constructional  plant  and  equipment 
THE  COUNCIL  OF THE  EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES, 
Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the 
European  Community,  and  in particular  Article  100 
thereof; 
Having  regard  to the proposal  from  the Commission; 
Having  regard  to the  Opinion  of the  European 
Parliament; 
Having  regard  to the  Opinion  of the  Economic  and 
Social  Committee; 
Whereas,  in each  Member  State,  constructional  plant 
and equipment  is required  to have  certain  technical 
characteristics  which  are  laid  down  in mandatory 
requirements;  whereas  these  requirements  differ  from 
one Member  State  to  another;  whereas  these 
differences  hinder  trade  within  the  European 
Community; 
Whereas  such  obstacles  to the  establishment  and 
functioning  of the  common  market  can  be reduced 
and eliminated  if the same  requirements  are adopted 
by all the Member  States  either  in addition  to or in 
place  of their  present  laws; 
Whereas  the  requirements  of  this  Directive  are 
applicable  to constructional  plant  and  equipment, 
and are  aimed  primarily  at ensuring  the  protection 
of the  environment  from  airborne  noise  and  safety 
at work  except  where  directly  associated  with  lifting 
equipment;  whereas  building  cranes  and  other constructional  lifting  will,  if need  be, form  the subject 
of special  requirements; 
Whereas  the  provisions  relating  to the  road  safety 
of the constructional  plant  and  equipment  cannot  be 
issued  until  the  technical  and  economic  conditions 
for approximation  are brought  together; 
Whereas,  for  the  effective  protection  of users  and 
others,  it is necessary  to verify  that  the  technical 
requirements  have  been  observed;  whereas  the 
existing  inspection  procedures  differ  from  one  Mem-
ber State  to another  and,  in order  to achieve  free 
movement  of constructional  plant  and  equipment 
within  the  common  market  and  avoid  multiple 
inspections,  which  likewise  hinder  the free  movement 
of such  plant  and  equipment,  provision  must  be 
made  for mutual  recognition  of inspections  between 
the Member  States; 
Whereas  it is necessary,  in order  to facilitate  mutual 
recognition  of inspections,  to introduce  adequate 
EEC  type-approval  procedures  for  constructional 
plant  or equipment; 
Whereas  the  national  regulations  relating  to 
constructional  plant  and  equipment  cover  numerous 
categories  of plant  and  equipment  with  widely 
varying  uses;  whereas  it is therefore  desirable  to lay 
down  in  this  Directive  the  general  provisions 
governing  the EEC  type-approval  procedures  and  to 
define  any  different  inspection  procedures  in 
subsequent  special  Directives;  whereas  the  require-
ments  concerning  the  technical  construction  and 
mode  of inspection  of each  category  of constructional 
plant  and  equipment  or  structural  components 
thereof  will  be stated  in special  Directives; 
No C 82/92 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 14. 4. 75 
Whereas  it is conceivable  that  constructional  plant 
or equipment  placed  on the  market  may  meet  the 
requirements  of the  relevant  special  Directives  but 
nevertheless  represent  a hazard  to health  or safety, 
and it is therefore  necessary  to lay down  a procedure 
to reduce  that  risk;  whereas  considering  that  to take 
into account  and  allow  for  technical  progress,  an 
immediate  adaption  of the  technical  regulations 
defined  in the Directives  relative  to the constructional 
plant  and  equipment  is necessary;  whereas  that  in 
order  to facilitate  the  application  of the  necessary 
measures  to this  effect  it will  be suitable  to provide 
a procedure,  setting  up a close  cooperation  between 
the Member  States  and  the  Commission  within  the 
Community  for  the adaptation  of technical  progress 
of the  Directives  aiming  at  the  elimination  of 
technical  impediments  to  the  free  exchange  of 
constructional  plant  and  equipment  within  the Com-
munity, 
HAS  ADOPTED  THIS  DIRECTIVE: 
CHAPTER  I 
DEFINITIONS 
Article  1 
Scope 
1.1. For  the  purposes  of this  Directive,  'construc-
tional  plant  and  equipment'  means  all 
machinery,  appliances,  equipment  and  instal-
lations  which  are  used,  according  to their  type, 
to perform  work  on building  sites,  but  are  not 
primarily  intended  for  the  transport  of goods 
or persons. 
1.2. The  following  are  excluded  from  the  scope  of 
this Directive:  agricultural  and  forestry  tractors 
and building  cranes,  except  with  respect  to the 
harmonized  requirements  concerning  'noise' 
and 'road  safety'. 
Article  2 
Definitions 
For the purposes  of this  Directive: 
2.1. 'EEC  type-approval'  means  the  procedure 
whereby  a Member  State  certifies  that  a type 
of equipment  conforms  to the  harmonized 
requirements  and  satisfies  the checks  laid  down 
in the relevant  special  Directive. 2.2. 'EEC  verification'  means  the  procedure  for 
confirming  that  any  manufactured  equipment 
or component  thereof  conforms  to  the 
harmonized  requirements  and  satisfies  the checks 
laid down  in the relevant  special  Directive. 
Special  Directives  that  provide  for  EEC 
verification  will  state  whether  such  verification 
is to be carried  out  by the manufacturer  on his 
own responsibility  or by the  Member  State  and 
will lay down  the procedure  to be followed. 
Article  3 
Special  Directives 
3.1. The  special  Directives  will  specify  the technical 
requirements  for the construction  and  operation 
of the  categories  of equipment  to which  they 
refer,  and  will  further  state  which  of the  two 
procedures,  EEC  type-approval  or EEC  verifi-
cation,  is applicable. 
3.2. The  special  Directives  will  define  the 
harmonized  requirements  which  are  applicable 
to all  equipment,  and  in  particular  the 
requirements  relating  to safety  at work  and  the 
method  of measuring  the sound  level  of noise. 
CHAPTER  II 
EEC  TYPE-APPROVAL  FOR  EQUIPMENT 
Article  4 
Application  for  EEC  type-approval 
Application  for  EEC  type-approval  shall  be 
submitted  by  the  manufacturer  or his  authorized 
representative  to a Member  State.  An  application 
shall  be accompanied  by an information  document, 
the model  of which  will  be given  in each  special 
Directive,  and  by the  documents  referred  to in the 
information  document.  No  application  in respect 
of any  one  type  of equipment  may  be submitted  to 
more  than  one  Member  State. 
Article  5 
EEC  type-approval 
5.1. Member  States  shall  approve  any  type  of 
equipment  which  conforms  to the  harmonized 
requirements  laid  down  in the  relevant  special 
Directive. 
14. 4. 75 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 82/93 
5.2. The  Member  State  shall  complete  all the sections 
of the  type-approval  certificate,  the  model  of 
which  is given  in Annex  I, for  each  type  of 
equipment  which  it approves. 
5.3. The  competent  authorities  of each  Member 
State  shall  within  one  month  forward  to the 
authorities  in the  other  Member  States  a copy 
of the  information  document  and  approval 
certificate  for  each  type  of equipment  which 
they approve  or refuse  to approve. 
5.4. The  Member  State  which  has  granted  type-
approval  shall  take  the  necessary  measures  tQ 
verify,  if need  be in collaboration  with  the 
competent  authorities  in the  other  Member 
States,  that  production  models  conform  to the 
approved  type.  Such  verification  will  be limited 
to spot  checks. 
Article  6 
Certificate  of conformity 
6.2. The  manufacturer  or his authorized  representative 
in the  country  of registration  shall  complete  a 
certificate  of conformity,  the  model  of which 
is given  in Annex  II, for each  item  of construc-
tional  plant  and  equipment  built  in accordance 
with  the  approved  prototypes  and  for  each 
harmonized  requirement. 
CHAPTER  III 
HARMONIZED  TECHNICAL  REQUIREMENTS 
Article  7 
Free  movement  clause 
7.1. No Member  State  may  prohibit  the  sale,  entry 
into service  or use  for its intended  purpose  of 
any new  equipment  on grounds  relating  to its 
construction  or operation  where  such  equipment 
is accompanied  by a certificate  of conformity, 
the model  of which  is given  in Annex  II, 
confirming  EEC  type-approval  and/or  EEC 
verification. 
A Member  State  may  require  that  the certificate 
be expressed  in its own  national  language  when 
the equipment  is offered  for sale  or sold  to the 
end consumer  in its territory. 
Article  8 
Failure  to conform  to an approval  type 
8.1. If the  Member  State  which  has  granted  EEC 
type-approval  finds  that  an item  of equipment accompanied  by a certificate  of conformity  to 
a particular  type  does  not  conform  to the  type 
which  it has  approved,  it shall  take  the 
necessary  measures  to ensure  that  production 
models  conform  to the  approved  type.  The 
competent  authorities  of that  State  shall  advise 
those  of the  other  Member  States  of the 
measures  taken,  which  may,  where  necessary, 
extend  to withdrawal  of EEC  type-approval. 
The said  authorities  shall  take  like  measures  if 
they are informed  by the competent  authorities 
of another  Member  State  of such  failure  to 
conform. 
8.2. The  competent  authorities  of the Member  States 
shall  within  one  month  inform  one  another  of 
any withdrawal  of EEC  type-approval  and  of 
the reasons  for such  a measure. 
Article  9 
Safeguard  clause 
9.1. If a Member  State  finds  that  an  item  of 
equipment  may  be a hazard  to health  or safety 
even  though  it conforms  to the  requirements 
of the  Directive,  that  State  may  provisionally 
prohibit  the marketing  of that  equipment  in its 
territory.  It shall  forthwith  inform  the  Com-
mission  and  the  other  Member  States  thereof, 
stating  the reasons  for its decision. 
9.2. The  Commission  shall  consult  the  Member 
States  concerned  within  six  weeks,  and  shall 
then deliver  an Opinion  without  delay  and  take 
appropriate  action. 
9.3. Where  the  Commission  is of the  opinion  that 
technical  adaptations  to  the  Directive  are 
necessary,  such  adaptations  shall  be adopted  by 
either  the  Commission  or the  Council  under 
the procedure  laid  down  in Article  12.  In this 
event,  the  Member  State  having  adopted 
safeguard  measures  may  maintain  them  until 
such  adaptations  enter  into  force. 
CHAPTER  IV 
COMMITTEE  ON  THE  ADAPTATION 
TO TECHNICAL  PROGRESS 
Article  10 
Any changes  which  are necessary  in order  to adapt: 
— Annexes  I and II to this  Directive,  or 
— the  technical  Annexes  of the  special  Directives 
referred  to in Article  3, 
No C 82/94 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 14. 4. 75 
to take  account  of technical  progress  shall  be adopted 
in accordance  with  the  procedure  laid  down  in 
Article  12. 
Article  11 
11.1.  A Committee  on the  Adaptation  to Technical 
Progress  of the  Directives  on the  Removal  of 
Technical  Barriers  to Trade  in the  Construc-
tional  Plant  and  Equipment  Sector,  hereinafter 
called  'the  Committee',  is hereby  set  up;  it 
shall  consist  of representatives  of the  Member 
States  with  a representative  of the Commission 
as Chairman. 
11.2.  The  Committee  shall  adopt  its own  rules  of 
procedure. 
Article  12 
12.1.  Where  the  procedure  laid  down  in this  Article 
is to be followed,  matters  shall  be referred  to 
the Committee  by its Chairman,  either  on his 
own initiative  or  at  the  request  of  the 
representative  of a Member  State. 
12.2.  The  representative  of the  Commission  shall 
submit  to the  Committee  a draft  of the 
measures  to be adopted.  The  Committee  shall 
deliver  its Opinion  on the  draft  within  a time 
limit  set by the Chairman  having  regard  to the 
urgency  of the  matter.  Opinions  shall  be 
adopted  by a majority  of 41 votes,  the  votes 
of the  Member  States  being  weighted  as 
provided  in Article  148  (2) of the  Treaty.  The 
Chairman  shall  not vote. 
12.3.  (a) The  Commission  shall  adopt  the  measures 
envisaged  where  they  are  in accordance 
with  the Opinion  of the Committee. 
(b) Where  the  measures  envisaged  are  not  in 
accordance  with  the  Opinion  of the  Com-
mittee,  or if no Opinion  is adopted,  the 
Commission  shall  without  delay  propose 
to the Council  the measures  to be adopted. 
The Council  shall  act  by  a qualified 
majority. acted,  the  proposed  measures  shall  be 
adopted  by the Commission. 
CHAPTER  V 
GENERAL  AND  FINAL  PROVISIONS 
Article  13 
Decisions,  notifications,  remedies 
All decisions  taken  pursuant  to  the  provisions 
adopted  in implementation  of this  Directive  and 
refusing  or withdrawing  EEC  type-approval  either 
temporarily  or finally,  or prohibiting  the  sale,  entry 
into service  or use  for  its intended  purpose  of an 
item  of equipment,  shall  state  in detail  the  reasons 
on which  they  are based.  A decision  shall  be notified 
by the  Member  State  who  has  taken  it to the  party 
concerned,  who  shall  at the  same  time  be informed 
of the  remedies  available  to him  under  the  laws  in 
force  in the  Member  States  and  of the  time  limits 
allowed  for the exercise  of such  remedies. 
Article  14 
Entry  into  force 
14.1.  The  Member  States  shall  adopt  and  publish 
provisions  containing  the  requirements  needed 
to comply  with  this  Directive  before 
31 December  1976  and  shall  forthwith  inform 
the Commission  thereof. 
They  shall  apply  these  provisions  with  effect 
from  1 July  1977. 
14.2.  Once  notification  of this  Directive  has  been 
effected,  the Member  States  shall,  in sufficient 
time  to enable  it to submit  its  comments, 
inform  the  Commission  of  all  draft  laws, 
regulations  or administrative  provisions  which 
they intend  to adopt  in the  field  covered  by 
this Directive. 
Article  15 
(c) If, within  three  months  of the  proposal 
being  submitted  to it, the  Council  has  not This  Directive  is addressed  to the Member  States. 
14.4.  75 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 82/95 
ANNEX  I 
MODEL  OF AN EEC  TYPE-APPROVAL  CERTIFICATE  FOR  CONSTRUCTIONAL  PLANT 
AND  EQUIPMENT  OR  COMPONENTS  THEREOF 
Name  of the competent  authority: 
Notification  concerning  the grant,  refusal  or withdrawal  of type-approval  in respect  of the har-
monized  requirements: 
Type-approval  No 
1. Trade  name  or mark 
2. Name  and  address  of manufacturer 
3. If applicable,  name  and  address  of manufacturer's  authorized  representative 
4. Submitted  for type-approval  on 
5. In respect  of the following  harmonized  requirement 
6. Test  laboratory 
7. Date  and  number  of laboratory  report 
8. Date  of grant  / refusal  / withdrawal  of type-approval  (*) 
9. The  following  documents,  bearing  the type-approval  number  shown  above,  are  annexed 
to this  type-approval  certificate 
10. Any  additional  information 
Done  at 
(Date) 
(Signature) 
(x) Delete  items  not  applicable. 
No C 82/96 Official  Journal  of the  European  Communities 14. 4. 75 
ANNEX  II 
CERTIFICATE  OF  CONFORMITY  IN RESPECT  OF  CONSTRUCTIONAL  PLANT 
OR EQUIPMENT  OR  COMPONENTS  THEREOF 
I, the undersigned, 
(Surname  and  first  name) 
hereby  certify  that  the equipment  specified  hereunder: 
1. Category: 
2. Make: 
3. Type: 
4. Type  serial  number  of equipment: 
5. Type  serial  number  of chassis  if different  from  that  of the equipment: 
6. Year  of manufacture 
conforms  in all respects  to the  prototype  (EEC  type-approval)  and  harmonized  requirements 
(EEC  verification),  as shown  in the table  below: 
Harmonized  requirements In the case  of EEC  type-approval 
Harmonized  requirements 
No Date 
Done  at , 
(Date) 
(Signature) 
(Position) 
14. 4. 75 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 82/97 
II 
Proposal  for  a Council  Directive  on the  approximation  of the  legislation  of Member 
States  relating  to the  measurement  of the  sound  level  for  constructional  plant  and 
equipment 
THE  COUNCIL  OF THE  EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES, 
Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the 
European  Economic  Community,  and  in particular 
Article  100  thereof; 
Having  regard  to the proposal  from  the Commission; 
Having  regard  to the  Opinion  of the  European 
Parliament; 
Having  regard  to the  Opinion  of the  Economic  and 
Social  Committee; 
Whereas  the  permissible  sound  levels  for  construc-
tional  plant  and  equipment  and  the  method  of mea-
suring  those  sound  levels  differ  from  one  Member 
State  to another,  and  thus  constitute  a hindrance  to 
trade  in such  constructional  plant  and  equipment; 
whereas  the  relevant  provisions  must  therefore  be 
approximated, 
Whereas  it is necessary,  in implementation  of the 
Council  Directive  of to  approximate  the 
harmonized  requirements  as to the  measurement  of 
the level  of the airborne  noise  to which  constructional 
plant  and  equipment  must  conform  in order  that  it can 
be freely  imported,  marketed  and  used,  after  having 
been  subjected  to prior  examination  and  having 
obtained  the appropriate  certificates  of conformity, 
HAS  ADOPTED  THIS  DIRECTIVE: 
Article  1 
This  Directive  applies  to constructional  plant  and 
equipment  within  the  meaning  of Article  1 of the 
Council  Directive  of for  which  it is appro-
priate  to fix  limits  for  the  sound  level  of airborne 
noise. 
Article  2 
The Member  States  shall  approve  any  type  of 
equipment  which  complies  with  the  specified  limits 
in regard  to sound  level,  provided  that  the  latter 
has been  measured  in  compliances  with  the 
requirements  laid  down  in the Annexes  hereto. Article  3 
Member  States  shall  not  prohibit  the  sale,  entry 
into service  or use  for  its intended  purpose  of any 
new equipment  on  grounds  concerning  the 
measurement  of sound  level,  if the  grant  of EEC 
type-approval  with  respect  to the  sound  level  is 
confirmed  by a certificate  of conformity,  the model 
of which  is shown  in Annex  II to the  Council 
Directive  of 
Article  4 
The amendments  necessary  to  adjust  the 
requirements  of the  Annex  to take  account  of 
technical  progress  shall  be adopted  in accordance 
with  the  procedure  laid  down  in Article  12 of the 
Council  Directive  of ....  on  the  approximation  of 
the laws  of Member  States  relating  to common 
provisions  for such  equipment. 
Article  5 
5.1. The  Member  States  shall  adopt  and  publish 
provisions  containing  the  requirements  needed 
to comply  with  this  Directive  before  31 December 
1976  and  shall  forthwith  inform  the Commission 
thereof. 
They  shall  apply  these  provisions  with  effect 
from  1 July  1977. 
5.2. Once  notification  of this  Directive  has  been 
effected,  the Member  States  shall,  in sufficient 
time  to enable  it to submit  its  comments, 
inform  the  Commission  of  all  draft  laws, 
regulations  or administrative  provisions  which 
they intend  to adopt  in the  field  covered  by 
this Directive. 
Article  6 
This  Directive  is addressed  to the Member  States. 
No C 82/98 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 14. 4, 75 
ANNEX 
DETERMINATION  OF  AIRBORNE  NOISE  EMITTED  BY  CIVIL  ENGINEERING 
EQUIPMENT  AND  MACHINERY  FOR  OUTDOOR  USE 
PART  I: TEST  METHOD 
1. SCOPE  AND  FIELD  OF APPLICATION 
1.1. Scope 
1. This  measurement  method  is applicable  to the  measurement  of noise  emission 
from  all types  of machines  and  equipment  used  outdoors. 
If, for any  important  reason,  such  as security,  the test  of a machine  and/or  a piece 
of equipment  in respect  to the EEC  type-approval  of same  cannot  be executed  in 
accordance  with  the test  method  of part  I, part  II should  be applied  for the EEC 
type-approval  tests. 
1.2. Field  of application 
1.2.1.  Types  of noise 
Procedure  are  given  in this  method  that  are  applicable  to steady  noise.  These 
procedures  may  also  be applied  to non-steady  noise  with  the  exception  of an 
isolated  burst  of sound  energy  or a burst  train  with  a repetition  rate  less  than  10 per 
second.  Requirements  for the measurement  of impulsive  noise  and  noise  containing 
pure  tones  are  given  in clauses  6.2.3.1  and  6.2.3.2. 
1.2.2.  Size  of source 
For outdoor  measurements  in an open  space,  the size  of the source  is limited  only 
by the availability  of an extended  reflecting  plane. 
2. DEFINITIONS 
2.1. Reflecting  plane 
See Annex  A. 
2 2. Surface  sound  pressure 
For the  purposes  of this  measurement  method,  the  sound  pressure  averaged  in 
time  on a mean-square  basis  and  also  averaged  over  the  measurement  surface 
using  the averaging  procedures  described  in section  7. 
2.3. Surface  sound  pressure  level,  Lp 
10 times  the  logarithm  to the  base  10 of the  ratio  of the  square  of the  surface 
sound  pressure  to the square  of the reference  sound  pressure.  The  weighting  network 
or the width  of the frequency  band  used  shall  be indicated:  for example,  A-weighted 
sound  pressure  level,  octave  band  sound  pressure  level,  one-third  octave  band 
sound  pressure  level,  etc. 
The reference  sound  pressure  is 20 /j, Pa. Unit:  decibel  (dB). 
2.4. Sound  power  level,  Lw 
10 times  the logarithm  to the base  10 of the ratio  of a given  sound  power  to the 
reference  sound  power.  The  weighting  network  or the  width  of the  frequency 
14. 4. 75 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 82/99 
band  used  shall  be indicated:  for example,  A-weighted  sound  power  level,  octave 
band  power  level,  one-third  octave  band  power  level,  etc.  The  reference  sound 
power  is 1 pW  (= 10~12  W).  Unit:  decibel  (dB). 
Note:  The  mean  sound  pressure  level  at some  reference  radius  is numerically 
different  from  the sound  power  level  and  its use in lieu  of the sound  power 
level  is not recommended. 
2.5. A-weighted  sound  power  level,  LWA 
For the  purpose  of this  measurement  method,  the  noise  emission  of a machine 
is characterized  by the  A-weighted  sound  power  level. 
2.6. Measurement  surface 
A hypothetical  surface  of area  S enclosing  the  source  and  terminating  on the 
reflecting  plane.  On this  surface  the measuring  points  are located  (see  section  6.1). 
2.7. Extraneous  noise 
2.7.1.  Background  noise 
That  noise  at the measurement  points  which  is not generated  by the source  under 
test. 
2.7.2.  Parasitic  noise 
Parasitic  noise  is all noise  at the  measurement  points  which  is generated  by the 
source  on test  but  not  directly  radiated  by it. 
3. ACOUSTIC  ENVIRONMENT 
3.1. General 
Ideally,  the test  environment  should  be free  from  reflecting  objects  other  than  the 
reflecting  plane  so that  the source  radiates  into  a free  field  over  a reflecting  plane. 
There  should  be no reflecting  object  within  three  times  the measurement  distance 
from  the outer  surface  of the source. 
The test  environments  which  are  suitable  for  measurements  according  to this 
measurement  method  include  a flat outdoor  area  with  sufficiently  low  background 
noise  level. 
3.2. Correction  factor  for the test  environment 
Annex  A describes  a procedure  for determining  a correction  factor  due  to environ-
ment. 
3.3. Criterion  for background  noise  level 
At the microphone  positions  the background  noise  levels  shall  be more  than  6 dB 
below  the sound  pressure  level  to be measured  in each  frequency  within  the fre-
quency  range  of interest. 
Parasitic  noise  can  be kept  to a minimum  by careful  mounting  of the machine  on 
test. This  subject  is detailed  further  in specific  measurement  documents. 
3.4. Criteria  for temperature  and  humidity 
The air absorption  in the test  environment  varies  with  temperature  and  humidity, 
particularly  at frequencies  above  1 000 Hz. For measurements  according  to this 
measurement  method,  the temperature  and  the relative  humidity  shall  be controlled 
during  the sound  pressure  level  measurements  and  held  as nearly  constant  values 
as practicable. 
No C 82/100 Official  Journal  of the  European  Communities 14. 4. 75 
4. INSTRUMENTATION 
4.1. General 
The instrumentation  shall  be designed  to measure  the mean-square  value  of the 
weighted  sound  pressure  level  and  the  octave  or one-third  octave  band  levels, 
averaged  over  time  and  over  the measurement  surface.  Surface  averaging  is usually 
carried  out by measuring  the time-averaged  sound  pressure  levels  with  a prescribed 
time  constant  for a fixed  number  of microphone  positions  (see  clause  6.2)  and 
computing  the average  value  according  to clause  7.1. 
4.2. The  instrumentation  used  can perform  the required  time  averaging  in two  different 
ways: 
(a) By continuous  averaging  of the  squared  signal  using  RC-smoothing  with 
a time  constant  T . Such  continuous  averaging  provides  only  an approximation 
of the  true  time  average,  and  it places  restrictions  on the  'settling'  time  and 
observation  time  (see  clause  6.3.3). 
Note:  An  example  of an instrument  employing  such  averaging  is a sound 
level  meter  that  meets  the requirements  of IEC  Publication  179,  second 
edition,  1973  with  a 'slow'  meter  characteristic. 
(b) By integrating  the squared  signal  over  a fixed  time  interval  T This  integration 
may be performed  by either  digital  or analog  means. 
4.3. The  microphone  and  its associated  cable 
A condenser  microphone,  or the  equivalent  in accuracy,  stability  and  frequency 
response,  shall  be used. 
This  requirement  is normally  met  by a microphone  of a standardized  sound  level 
meter  which  complies  with  IEC  Publication  179,  second  edition,  1973  and  is cali-
brated  for free-field  measurements. 
4.4. Weighting  network,  frequency  analyzer 
An A-weighting  network  meeting  the tolerances  of IEC  Publication  179,  second 
edition,  1973  and/or  an octave  band  or one-third  octave  band  filter  set meeting 
the requirements  of IEC  Publication  225  shall  be used.  The  centre  frequencies 
of the frequency  bands  shall  correspond  to those  of ISO  226. 
If other  weighting  networks  are used  in addition  to A-weighting,  the characteristics 
of such  networks  shall  be reported. 
4.5. Calibration 
During  each  series  of measurements,  an acoustical  calibrator  with  an accuracy 
of ± 0-5  dB shall  be applied  to the microphone  for calibration  of the entire  mea-
suring  system.  The  calibrator  shall  be  checked  annually  to verify  that  its 
output  has not changed.  In addition,  an electrical  calibration  of the instrumentation 
system  shall  be performed  periodically. 
5. INSTALLATION  AND  OPERATION  OF  SOURCE 
5.1. General 
In many  cases,  the sound  power  emitted  by a source  depends  upon  its support 
or mounting  conditions  as well  as the manner  in which  the source  is operated. 
This  section  gives  general  recommendations  concerning  the  installation  and 
operation  of sources.  More  detailed  information  concerning  installation  and 
operation  of specific  classes  of sources  are laid  down  in special  Directives. 
14. 4. 75 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 82/101 
The machine  which  is to be tested  should  be clearly  identified  together  with  any 
components,  sub-assemblies,  auxiliary  equipment,  power  sources,  etc.,  belonging 
to the  machine  under  test.  Machines  with  exchangeable  tooling  or equipment 
should  be tested  either  in their  basic  form  or with  the exchangeable  parts  fitted 
as appropriate.  The  test  result  is valid  only  for the combination  which  has  been 
tested. 
5.2. Source  location 
The source  to be tested  shall  be installed  and  mounted  with  respect  to the reflecting 
plane  as specified  in Annex  A in one  or more  positions  that  are typical  of normal 
usage,  if practicable.  If several  possibilities  exist,  or if typical  installation  and 
mounting  conditions  are  unknown,  special  arrangements  are  to be made  and 
described  in the test  report.  In locating  the source  within  the test  environment,  it 
is important  that  sufficient  space  be allowed  so that  the measurement  surface  can 
enclose  the machine  according  to the requirements  of clause  6.1. 
The source  shall  be located  at a sufficient  distance  from  any  reflecting  wall  or 
ceiling  or any reflecting  object  so that the requirements  given  in the Annex  are satisfied 
on the measurement  surface. 
5.3. Auxiliary  equipment 
If possible,  all auxiliary  equipment  necessary  for the operation  of the device  under 
test that  is not a part  of the source  (see  clause  5.1)  shall  be located  so as not to 
influence  the result  of the test. 
5.4. Operation  of source  during  test 
During  the acoustical  measurements,  the source  shall  be operated  in a specified 
manner  typical  of normal  use.  However,  if not,  one  or more  of the following 
operational  conditions  may  be appropriate.  Normally  these  will  be precisely 
defined  in the appropriate  machine  special  Directive. 
1. device  under  normal  load  operating  at normal  speed; 
2. device  under  full  load  (if different  from  (1)); 
3. device  under  no load  (idling); 
4. device  under  operating  condition  corresponding  to maximum  sound  generation. 
The sound  power  levels  of sources  may  be determined  for any desired  set of operat-
ing conditions  (i.e.,  temperature,  humidity,  device  speed,  etc.).  These  test  con-
ditions  shall  be selected  beforehand  and shall  be held  constant  during  the test.  The 
machine  on test shall  be in a stable  operating  condition  before  any noise  measure-
ments  are made. 
6. DETERMINATION  OF  SOUND  PRESSURE  LEVELS  ON  MEASUREMENT 
SURFACE 
6.1. Measurement  surface 
6.1.1.  General 
The measurement  surface  encloses  the source  and  terminates  on the  reflecting 
plane.  The  shape  of the measurement  surface  is geometrically  related  to the source. 
The following  shapes  of measurement  surfaces  should  be preferred  (of Annex  B): 
(a) the  rectangular  parallelepiped; 
(b) the  hemisphere. 
To define  the measurement  surface,  a reference  surface  is established.  This  reference 
surface  is the smallest  possible  rectangular  parallelepiped  just  enclosing  the source 
and terminating  on the reflecting  plane.  When  defining  the parallelepiped,  elements 
protruding  from  the source  which  are unlikely  to be radiators  of sound  power 
may be disregarded. 
No C 82/102 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 14. 4. 75 
The measurement  surface  (on  which  the  microphone  positions  are  located)  is 
related  to the  reference  surface.  • The  measurement  distance  d characterizes  the 
spacing  between  the  reference  surface  and  the  measurement  surface. 
6.1.2.  Selection  of measurement  surface 
For measurements  on a series  of similar  sources  (e.g.  concrete  mixers,  compressors, 
etc.),  the use of the same  shape  of the measurement  surface  is strongly  recommended. 
Whenever  a special  Directive  defines  a method  for a particular  family  of machines, 
this is the only  one  to be used. 
The construction  of the reference  parallelepiped,  the size  and  shape  of the measure-
ment  surface  and  the  measurement  distance  shall  be described  in the test  report 
and shall  be laid  down  clearly  in the  special  test  code  for the  specific  kind  of 
machinery. 
The choice  of the  measurement  surface  shall  be governed  by the following  con-
sideration  : 
(a) The  rectangular  parallelepiped  is preferred  when  the  dimension  D of the 
reference  surface  is equal  to or larger  than  the measurement  distance  d, where: 
^ 2  . .2 . .2. 1/2 D = (lx  + 12  + 13) 
1 , 19  and  1 are  length,  width  and  height  of the  reference  parallelepiped. 
Note:  This  measurement  surface  has proved  applicable  to families  of machines 
which  differ  largely  in size. 
The area  S of the  measurement  surface  shall  be calculated  as: 
s = 4 (ab + be + ac), 
where:  a = 0-5  1 + d 
b = 0-5  1 + d 
c = 13  + d 
d is the measurement  distance. 
(b) The  hemisphere  with  a radius  R is preferred  when  the dimension  D as defined 
above  of the  reference  surface  is less  than  or equal  to half  the  measurement 
distance  d. The  measurement  distance  is given  by: 
d = R — De 
where  Dg  = ((0-5  1^ 2 + (0-5  1^ 2 + 132)  1/2 
Note:  The  hemispherical  measurement  surface  is suitable  for  the  deter-
mination  of the directivity  of the source  if the measurement  distance  d 
is at least  four  times  the major  dimension  D of the reference  surface. 
The centre  of the hemisphere  is the vertical  projection  on the reflecting  plane 
of the geometrical  centre  of the source  (see  Annex  B). 
6.2. Microphone  array 
The microphone  positions  shall  be on the selected  measurement  surface  as described 
in details  in Annex  B. 
Key points  may  be added  in order  that  the distance  between  the measuring  points 
shall  not be greater  than  the measuring  distance. 
6.2.2.  Measurements  at  the operator's  position 
If an operator,  e.g.  driver,  is situated  at a fixed  place  near  the  machine,  sound 
pressure  measurement  shall  be carried  out  at a location  at the height  of his ears 
and 20 i 2 cm in front  of the  centre  of his head.  However,  in special  Directives 
more  detailed  guidance  is given. 
6.2.3.  Detection  of the nature  of the noise  emitted  by the source 
For environmental  reasons  it is useful  to know  the  nature  of the  emitted  noise 
(ISO  1996).  Therefore,  it is necessary  to determine  a method  to characterize  an 
impulsive  noise  and  a noise  with  discrete  tones. 
14. 4. 75 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities  No  C 82/103 
6.2.3.1.  Detection  of impulsive  noise 
The presence  of impulsive  noise  may  be detected  by observing  the time  function 
of the noise  signal  on the screen  of an oscilloscope  connected  to the  measuring 
system.  (The  use of a camera  or a storage  oscilloscope  will  facilitate  the observation). 
In many  cases,  the comparison  of the readings  on a sound  level  meter  on 'slow' 
response  with  that  of the  sound  level  meter  with  'impulsive'  response  (cf.  IEC 
.Publication  179  A (1973))  may  be helpful  in determining  whether  or not the noise 
contains  important  impulsive  components. 
As an indication  of the impulsive  nature  of the noise,  according  to this  measurement 
procedure,  the  difference  in the  mean-squared  values  of the  A-weighted  sound 
pressure  levels  measured  with  the  'slow'  and  'impulsive'  response  and  averaged 
in time,  is to be taken.  The  value  obtained  with  the 'impulsive'  response  is referred 
to as 'impulsive  sound  pressure  level'.  This  is to be determined  at one of the measure-
ment  positions  on the measurement  surface. 
A noise  is considered  to be impulsive  if the  difference  determined  as described 
above  is greater  than  or equal  to 2 dB. 
6.2.3.2.  Detection  of noise  with  discrete  tones 
The presence  of pure  tones  is detected  according  to clause  6.3,  using  a one-third 
octave  filter  band. 
A pure  tone  is present  when  the sound  level  in a one-third  octave  band  exceeds 
the sound  level  in the two  adjacent  bands  by more  than  5 dB. 
When  the  frequency  of a pure  tone  coincides  with  a cut-off  frequency  for the 
one-third  octave  filters,  a pure  tone  is present  when  the sound  level  in the two 
adjacent  one-third  octave  filter  bands  containing  the frequency  of the  pure  tone 
exceeds  the sound  level  of the one-third  octave  bands  which  are adjacent  to these 
by more  than  2 dB. 
6.3. Conditions  of measurement 
6.3.1.  General 
Environmental  conditions  may  have  an adverse  effect  on the  microphone  used 
for the  measurements.  Such  conditions  (e.g.,  strong  electric  or magnetic  fields, 
wind,  impingement  of air discharge  (if any)  from  the equipment  being  tested, 
high or low  temperature)  must  be avoided  by proper  selection  or placement  of the 
microphone.  The  microphone  shall  always  be oriented  in such  a way  that  angle 
of incidence  of the sound  waves  is that  for which  the microphone  is calibrated. 
The sound  pressure  level  shall  be observed  over  a typical  period  of operation  of 
the source.  Readings  of the  sound  pressure  level  (corresponding  to the  mean-
square  sound  pressure  level  Pav2)  shall  be taken  at each  measuring  point  with 
A-weighting. 
The instrumentation  used  must  comply  with  the requirements  of section  4. 
For A-weighted  sound  levels  the period  of observation  shall  be at least  15 seconds. 
6.3.2.  Measurements  with  sound  level  meter 
If a sound  level  meter  is used,  the 'slow'  characteristic  shall  be used.  When  the 
fluctuations  of the indicating  pointer  on the sound  level  meter  are less  than  rb 3 dB 
using  the 'slow'  meter  characteristic,  the noise  is considered  to be steady  for the 
purposes  of this  measurement  method  and  the level  is taken  to be the average  of 
the maximum  and  minimum  levels  during  the period  of observation.  If the meter 
fluctuations  during  the period  of observation  are  greater  than  ± 3 dB,  the noise 
is considered  non-steady  and  the procedures  of clause  6.2.3.2  shall  be applied. 
6.3.3.  Corrections  for  background  sound  pressure  levels 
The measured  sound  pressure  levels  shall  be corrected  for  background  noise 
according  to Table  1. 
No C 82/104 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 14. 4.75 
TABLE  1 
Corrections  for background  sound  pressure  levels 
Difference  (in decibels)  between  sound  pressure 
level  measured  with  sound  source  operating 
and background  sound  pressure  level  alone Correction  (in decibels)  to be subtracted  from 
sound  pressure  level  measured  with  sound 
source  operating  to obtain  sound  pressure 
level  due  to sound  source  alone 
6 1-0 
7 1-0 
8 1-0 
9 0-5 
10 0-5 
6.3.4.  Correction  for  parasitic  sound  pressure  levels 
Correction  is performed  after  isolating  the  source  with  screens.  These  screens 
must  have  a minimum  specific  mass  of 25 kg/m2  and  have  a noise  absorbant  facing 
the source. 
7. CALCULATION  OF  SURFACE  SOUND  PRESSURE  LEVEL  AND  SOUND 
POWER  LEVEL 
7.1. Calculation  of sound  pressure  level,  L , over  the  measurement  surface  (surface 
sound  pressure  level)  p 
For A-weighted  sound  pressure  level  and  the  level  in each  frequency  band  of 
interest,  a mean  value  L , shall  be calculated  from  the measured  pressure  levels  L . p pi 
(after  corrections  are applied  according  to clause  6.3.4,  if necessary)  by using  the 
following  equation: 
"N 
LD = 10 log 1 0-1  LPi 
Li = l10 K (1) 
where  L^ = surface  sound  pressure  level,  in decibels. 
Reference:  20 ^ Pa, 
Lp. =  A-weighted  or band  pressure  levels  resulting  from  ith  measurement, 
in decibels.  Reference:  20 n Pa, 
N =  total  number  of measurements, 
K =  environmental  correction  in decibels  (see  Annex  A). 
7.2. Calculation  of sound  power  level 
The sound  power  level  produced  by the source  shall  be calculated  from  the following 
equation: 
Lw=r  + i° iogs/so 
where  Lw  —  A-weighted  or band  power  level  of the source,  in decibels. 
Reference:  10"12  W, 
Lp =  sound  pressure  le-vel  over  measurement  surface  determined  according 
to clause  7.1,  in decibels.  Reference:  20 n Pa, 
S =  area  of measurement  surface,  in m2, 
14. 4. 75 Official  Journal  of the  European  Communities No C 82/105 
The area  of the measurement  surface  S is calculated  from  the appropriate  geometric 
formula  (see  clause  6.1.2). 
The area  of the measurement  surface  may  be approximated.  An error  of as much 
as 25%  will  correspond  only  to a difference  of 1 dB in the calculated  power  level  of 
the source. 
8. INFORMATION  TO  BE  RECORDED 
The following  information,  when  applicable,  shall  be compiled  and  recorded  for 
all measurements  made  according  to the requirements  of this  measurement  method. 
8.1. Sound  source  under  test 
(a) Description  of the sound  source  under  test  (including  dimensions). 
(b) Operating  conditions. 
(c) Mounting  conditions. 
(d) Location  of sound  source  in test  environment. 
(e) If test  object  has multiple  noise  sources,  description  of source(s)  in operation 
during  measurements. 
8.2. Acoustic  environment 
(a) Description  of the  test  environment;  sketch  showing  the location  of source 
with  respect  to reflecting  objects  and  surrounding  terrain,  including  physical 
description  of test  environment. 
(b) Correction  factor  for the test  environment  according  to Annex  A. 
(c) Air  temperature  in degrees  Celsius,  barometric  pressure  in millibars  and 
wind  velocity  and  direction. 
8.3. Instrumentation 
(a) Equipment  used  for the measurements,  including  name,  type  serial  number 
and manufacturer. 
(b) Bandwidth  of frequency  analyzer. 
(c) Frequency  response  of instrumentation  system. 
(d) Method  used  to calibrate  the microphones  and  the  date  and  place  of cali-
bration. 
8.4. Acoustical  data 
(a) The  shape  of the measurement  surface,  the measurement  distance,  the location 
and orientation  of microphone  positions  or paths. 
(b) The  area  S of the measurement  surface. 
(c) The  corrections  in decibels,  if any,  applied  in each  frequency  band  for the 
frequency  response  of the microphone,  frequency  response  of the filter  in the 
passband,  background  noise,  etc. 
(d) The  environmental  correction  K calculated  according  to one of the procedures 
of Annex  A. 
(e) The  surface  sound  pressure  level,  L , calculated  for  weighted  sound  pressure p 
level  (with  A or other  weighting)  and  the  level  in each  frequency  band  of 
interest,  in decibels,  with  reference  to 20 (i Pa. 
(f) The  sound  power  level  calculated  from  the surface  sound  pressure  level  for A 
(or other)  weighting  and for all frequency  bands  used,  in decibels,  with  reference 
to 1 pW (= 10"12  W). 
No C 82/106 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 14. 4. 75 
(g) The  sound  pressure  level  at the operator's  place,  if any. 
(h) Where  the  difference  between  the  A-weighted  sound  pressure  level  at one 
measuring  point  and  the  mean  value  of A-weighted  sound  pressure  at all 
the measuring  points  in more  than  5 dB,  the number  of the measuring  point 
showing  the  highest  sound  pressure  and  the  difference. 
(i) Remarks  on subjective  impression  of noise  (audible  discrete  tones,  impulsive 
character,  spectral  content,  temporal  characteristics,  etc.). 
(j) The  date  and  time  when  the measurements  were  performed. 
9. INFORMATION  TO  BE  REPORTED 
Only  those  data  recorded  according  to the  requirements  of section  8 shall  be 
reported  which  are  required  for the purposes  of the  measurements. 
The report  shall  contain  the  statement  that  the  sound  power  level  have  been 
obtained  in full  conformance  with  the  procedures  of this  measurement  method. 
The report  shall  state  that  these  sound  power  levels  are given  in decibels  re 1 pW. 
10. REFERENCE  DOCUMENTS 
IEC Publication  225,  1966  — Octave,  half-octave  and  third-octave  band  filters 
intended  for the analysis  of sounds  and  vibrations. 
IEC Publication  179,  1973,  second  edition  — Precision  sound  level  meters. 
IEC Publication  179  A, 1973  — Precision  sound  level  meters.  Additional  charac-
teristics  for the measurement  of impulsive  noise. 
ISO/R  266,  1962  — Preferred  frequencies  for acoustical  measurements. 
ISO 2204,  1973  — A guide  to the measurement  of acoustical  noise  and  evaluation 
of its effects  on man. 
IEC Publication  50 (08),  1966  — International  Electrotechnical  Vocabulary,  second 
edition,  Group  08:  Electroacoustics. 
ISO 3740  — Determination  of sound  power  levels  of noise  sources.  Part  0: Guide-
lines  for the use  of basic  standards  and  for the preparation  of noise  test  codes  (*). 
CORRECTION  FACTOR  FOR  THE  ACOUSTIC  ENVIRONMENT 
A.l. General 
The test  environment  shall  be free  from  reflecting  objects  with  the  exception 
of the reflecting  plane.  An obstacle  should  be considered  as sound-reflecting  if its 
size exceeds  one-tenth  of its distance  from  the source. 
The absolute  comparison  test  (see  clause  A.3)  is carried  out  with  a reference 
sound  source. 
A.2. Properties  of reflecting  plane 
Measurements  will  be made  over  a reflecting  plane  under  free-field  conditions. 
When  implementation  of the  test  involves  the  use  of a non-reflecting  ground 
surface  (for  example  a grass  surface)  the  corrections  to be made  in accordance 
with  clause  A.3  should  be obtained  with  the aid of a reference  sound  source  placed 
directly  on the  ground  surface  at the  position  to be occupied  by the machine  to 
be tested. 
Care  is necessary  to ensure  that  the plane  does  not radiate  any  appreciable  sound 
due to vibration. 
(') At present  the  stage  of draft. 
14. 4. 75 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities NoC  82/107 
The reflecting  plane  should  not be smaller  than  the projection  of the measurement 
surface  on the plane. 
A.3. Absolute  comparison  test 
A.3.1.  Procedure 
A reference  sound  source  with  characteristics  that  meet  the requirements  of Inter-
national  Standard  3741  (Annex  B) shall  be mounted  in the test  environment  in 
essentially  the same  position  as that  of the source  under  test. 
The sound  power  level  of the  reference  sound  source  is determined  according 
to the procedures  of sections  6.0 and  7.0 using,  if possible,  the same  measurement 
surface  as during  the measurements  of the machine  under  test.  The  environmental 
correction  K is then  given  by: 
K = LW  ~~ LWr 
where  Lw  = calculated  band  power  level  of reference  sound  source,  using  proce-
dures  of sections  6.0 and  7.0 in decibels, 
= name  plate  band  power  level  of reference  sound  source  in decibels 
Reference:  1 pW. 
A.3.2.  Procedure  when  source  cannot  be moved 
If the source  being  evaluated  cannot  be removed  from  the test  site  to permi  the 
installation  of the  reference  sound  source,  the  measurement  procedure  may  be 
carried  out  for an equivalent  location  of the source  on the same  reflecting  plane, 
provided  the environmental  correction  K for the source  under  test can be determined 
at the equivalent  location  with  an error  not greater  than  0-5 dB. 
A.3.3.  Locations  of reference  sound  source  in test  environment 
One single  location  for the reference  sound  source  is sufficient,  even  when  very 
large  machines  are to be tested,  provided  the ratio  of the length  of the machine 
under  test to its width  is not greater  than  2. If the ratio  is greater  than  2, the reference 
sound  source  shall  be operated  on the floor  at each  of four  points.  Assuming  the 
projection  of the source  under  test  on the plane  to be approximately  rectangular 
in shape,  the four  points  are located  at the midpoints  of the sides  of the rectangle. 
To obtain  Lw>  the surface  sound  pressure  level,  Lp, shall  be calculated  with  the 
reference  sound  source  located  at each  of the four  points  on the plane.  At each 
point  on the measurement  surface,  the sound  pressure  level  shall  be averaged  for 
the four  source  locations  on a mean-square  basis,  i.e.,  using  equation  (1) (see 
point  7.1). 
B.l. Recommended  microphone  array  on the hemisphere  (see  clause  6.1) 
Measurements  shall  be performed  with  12 key  points  as described  in figure  1 
and Table  2. 
The coordinates  x, y, z of the key measurement  points  in meters  defined  in Table  2 
depend  only  upon  the radius  R of the hemisphere  used. 
No C 82/108 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 14. 4. 75 
TABLE  2 
N X Y z N R R R 
1 1 0 1-5/R 
2 0-7 0-7 1-5/R 
3 0 1 1-5/R 
4 —0-7 0-7 1-5/R 
5 —1 0 1-5/R 
6 —0-7 —0-7 1-5/R 
7 0 —1 1-5/R 
8 0-7 —0-7 1-5/R 
9 0-65 0-27 0-71 
10 —0-27 0-65 0-71 
11 —0-65 —0-27 0-71 
12 0-27 —0-65 0-71 
— If the part  of the source  taken  into  consideration  does  not exceed  4 m in any 
of its dimensions,  the measurement  surface  should  preferably  be a hemisphere 
with  a radius  of 10 m. 
— If, however,  none  of the dimensions  of the  source  is greater  than  1-5  m, the 
measurement  surface  should  be a hemisphere  with  a radius  of 4 m. 
B.2. Recommended  microphone  array  on the parallelepiped  (see  clause  6.1) 
Measurements  shall,  in principle,  be performed  with  nine  key  points  as described 
in figure  2. 
No G 82/109 
Surface  de mesure  hemispherique 
surface  de mesure  parallelipipedique 
No C 82/110 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 14. 4. 75 
PART  II: SURVEY  METHOD 
Measurement  of sound  emitted  by machines  and  installations  operating  in the open 
'Survey  tests'  defines  the procedures  for measuring  to be applied  for the checking 
on material  whose  prototype  has  already  been  tested  in accordance  with  the 
measurement  method  described  in part  I. 
If, for any  important  reason  such  as security,  the test  of a machine  and/or  a piece 
of equipment  in respect  to the EEC  type-approval  of the same  cannot  be executc  d in 
accordance  with  the test  method  of part  I, part  II should  be applied  for the EEC 
type-approval  tests.  The  present  survey  method  deviates  from  part  I in the 
following  points: 
6.1.2.  Selection  of measurement  surface 
The measurement  surface  shall  be the one  which  was  used  for the type-approval 
tests  (checking  of the prototype).  If this  part  is to be used  for a type-approval  test, 
the special  Directive  shall  give  the required  specification. 
6.2 and  Annex  B: Microphone  array 
For the  hemisphere  only  the measurement  points  of the lower  array  shall  be used, 
i.e. eight  points. 
If no measurement  surface  has  been  specified  for the  machine  to be tested,  the 
measuring  points  shall  be located  on a line  encircling  the machine  at a distance  of 
8 m from  the shape  of the machine  and  at a height  of 1-5 m. At least  eight  measuring 
points  should  be provided. 
6.2.3.  Detection  of the nature  of the noise  emitted  by the source 
Shall  not  be determined  unless  it is being  demanded  for reasons  of environmental 
protection. 
6.3.3.  Corrections  for  background  sound  pressure  levels 
The measured  sound  pressure  levels  shall  be corrected  for  background  noise 
according  to Table  3 
TABLE  3 
CORRECTIONS  FOR  BACKGROUND  SOUND  PRESSURE  LEVELS 
Difference  (in decibels)  between  sound  pressure 
level  measured  with  sound  source  operating 
and background  sound  pressure  level  alone Correction  (in  decibels)  to be subtracted  from 
sound  pressure  level  measured  with  sound 
source  operating  to  obtain  sound  pressure 
level  due  to sound  source  alone 
<3 No measurement  possible 
3 3 
4 to 5 2 
6 to 9 1 
6.3.5.  Correction  f or parasitic  sound  pressure  level 
The parasitic  noise  as per 6.3.5  to be omitted. 
14. 4. 75 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 82/111 
7.2. Calculation  of sound  power  level 
The sound  power  level  expressed  in dB shall  be determined  by the  equation: 
± L§  (see  point  7.2 of part  I). In cases  where  no measurement  surface 
has been  specified  (either  by the measurement  method  or by a special  Annex)  and 
the measurement  points  are located  on a closed  line  of length  U, the  sound  power 
level  shall  be determined  by the following  equation: 
Lw = ±  dB  • 
where  U is expressed  in meters. 
No C 82/112 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 14. 4, 75 
III 
Proposal  for a Council  Directive  on the  approximation  of die  legislation  of Member 
States  relating  to the  permissible  sound  level  for pneumatic  concrete-breakers  and 
jackhammers 
THE  COUNCIL  OF THE  EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES, 
Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the 
European  Economic  Community,  and  in particular 
Article  100  thereof; 
Having  regard  to the proposal  from  the Commission; 
Having  regard  to the  Opinion  of the  European 
Parliament; 
Having  regard  to the Opinion  of the Economic  and 
Social  Committee; 
Whereas  the  construction  and  inspection  of 
pneumatic  concrete-breakers  and  jackhammers  in 
the Member  States  are  the  subject  of mandatory 
provisions  which  differ  from  one  Member  State  to 
and another,  and  consequently  hinder  trade  in such 
pneumatic  concrete-breakers  and  jackhammers; 
whereas  it is therefore  necessary  to approximate  the 
laws  in question; 
Whereas  the  Council  Directive  of on  the 
approximation  of the  laws  of the  Member  States 
relating  to common  provisions  for  constructional 
plant  and  equipment  has  laid  down  the  procedures 
for EEC  type-approval;  whereas  it is necessary,  in 
compliance  with  that  Directive,  to lay  down  the 
harmonized  requirements  which  each  category  of 
equipment  must  satisfy; 
Whereas  certain  Member  States  have  notified  the 
Commission  of draft  texts  relating  in particular  to 
the determination  of sound  levels  for  pneumatic 
concrete  breakers  and  jackhammers; 
Whereas  in view  of the  considerable  effect  of the 
noise  emitted  by constructional  plant  and  equipment 
on worker  safety  and  the  environment,  and  having 
regard  to the  draft  texts  referred  to above,  action 
must  be taken  at Community  level  to bring  about 
a progressive  and  appreciable  reduction  in  the 
permissible  noise  level  for  pneumatic  concrete-
breakers  and  jackhammers; 
Whereas,  in order  to take  account  of technical 
progress,  it is already  necessary  to reduce  the 
permissible  sound  level  with  effect  from 
1 January  1978  by 5 dB  in relation  to the  level 
permitted  prior  to that  date, HAS  ADOPTED  THIS  DIRECTIVE: 
Article  1 
This  Directive  applies  to the permissible  sound  level 
for pneumatic  concrete-breakers  and  jackhammers. 
Article  2 
2.1. The  Member  States  shall  approve,  every  type 
of pneumatic  concrete-beaker  or jackhammer 
whose  sound  level,  measured  in the  manner 
laid down  in Annex  I, does  not  exceed  the 
permissible  sound  level,  which  is determined  by 
the weight  of the  machine  and  the  date,  as 
shown  in the following  table: 
Weight  of concrete-
breaker  or jackhammer Permissible  sound  level 
(A-weighted. 
reference  1 pW) 
Weight  of concrete-
breaker  or jackhammer Up to 
31 December 
1977 As from 
1 January 
1977 
Less  than  20 kg 112 dB 107 dB 
Not less  than  20 kg and 
not more  than  35 kg 115 dB 110 dB 
Over  35 kg 118 dB 113 dB 
2.2. An application  for EEC  type-approval  in respect 
of the  sound  level  of a pneumatic  concrete-
breaker  or jackhammer  shall  be accompanied 
by an information  document  conforming  to the 
model  shown  in Annex  II. 
2.3. For  each  type  of pneumatic  concrete-breaker  or 
jackhammer  which  it approves,  the  Member 
State  shall  complete  all the sections  of the EEC 
type-approval  certificate,  the model  of which  is 
given  in Annex  II to the  Council  Directive  of 
2.4. For  every  pneumatic  concrete-breaker  or 
jackhammer  built  in conformity  with  the EEC-
approved  type,  the manufacturer  shall  complete 
a certificate  of conformity  the model  of which 
is given  in Annex  II to the  Council  Directive 
of and  shall  state: 
14. 4. 75 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 82/113 
— in the 'harmonized  requirement'  column: 
permissible  sound  power  level  ... dB 
— in the relevant  columns: 
EEC  type-approval,  followed  by the number 
and date  of type-approval  certificate. 
2.5. Each  pneumatic  concrete-breaker  or jackhammer 
built  in accordance  with  the  EEC-approved 
type  shall  bear  a clear,  indelible  and  durable 
mark  indicating  the  sound  level  guaranteed  by 
> the  maker  and  the weight  of the device. 
Article  3 
No Member  State  may  prohibit,  on grounds  relating 
to the  permissible  sound  level,  the  sale,  entry  into 
service  or use  for  its intended  purpose  of any  new 
pneumatic  concrete-breaker  or jackhammer  which  is 
accompanied  by the certificate  of conformity  referred 
to in Article  2.4  above,  or which  is marked  as 
described  in Article  2.5. 
Article  4 
Amendments  necessary  to adjust  the  requirements 
of the  Annexes  to take  account  of technical  progress 
shall  be adopted  in accordance  with  the  procedure 
laid down  in Article  12 of the  Council  Directive  of 
Article  S 
Each  Member  State  shall  communicate  to the  other 
Member  States  and  the  Commission  a list  of the authorities  authorized  to carry  out  type-approval 
examinations  on  pneumatic  concrete-breakers  or 
jackhammers  and  to  issue  EEC  type-approval 
certificates  with  respect  to the  permissible  sound 
level;  it shall  also  forward  a list of the  recipients  of 
the correspondence  referred  to in Articles  6, 8 and  9 
of the Council  Directive  of ... 
Notice  shall  also  be given  of any  changes  in such 
lists. 
Article  6 
6.1. The  Member  States  shall  adopt  and  publish 
provisions  containing  the  requirements  needed 
to comply  with  this  Directive  before 
31 December  1976  and  shall  forthwith  inform 
the Commission  thereof. 
They  shall  apply  these  provisions  with  effect 
from  1 July  1977. 
6.2. Once  notification  of this  Directive  has  been 
effected  the  Member  States  shall,  in sufficient 
time  to enable  it to submit  its comments,  inform 
the Commission  of all draft  laws,  regulations 
or administrative  provisions  which  they  intend 
to adopt  in the field  covered  by this  Directive. 
Article  7 
This  Directive  is addressed  to the Member  States. 
No C 82/114 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 14. 4. 75 
ANNEX  I 
SCOPE 
This  method  is applicable  to pneumatic  concrete-breakers  and  jackhammers;  it lays  down  test 
procedures  for the measurement  of the  sound  level  of these  devices  with  a view  to EEC  type-
approval.  These  procedures  are in conformity  with  the requirements  speciefied  in the Annex  to 
the Council  Directive  of .. . on the measurement  of the sound  level  of constructional  plant  and 
equipment. 
TEST  METHOD  FOR  PNEUMATIC  CONCRETE-BREAKERS  AND 
JACKHAMMERS 
The whole  of the Annex  to the Council  Directive  of ... on the measurement  of the sound  level 
of constructional  plant  and  equipment,  is applicable  to pneumatic  concrete-breakers  and  jack-
hammers  subject  to the special  method  of application  described  below: 
Articles  1 to 5.1:  No  change. 
Article  5.2:  This  Article  is supplemented  by the following  text: 
5.2. Supports 
To ensure  that  the tests  are completely  reproducible,  the machine  must  be coupled 
during  the  test  run  to a tool  embedded  in a cube-shaped  concrete  block,  fitting 
very closely  into  a pit sunk  in the ground. 
5.2.1.  Block  characteristics 
The block  must  be in the shape  of a cube,  0-60  m at the edge  and  as regular  as 
possible;  it must  be constructed  of reinforced  concrete,  thoroughly  vibrated  in 
layers  of up to 0-20  m to avoid  excessive  sedimentation. 
Composition  of the  concrete: 
To one  sack  of artificial  Portland  cement  250/315: 
— 65 litres  ungraded,  non-calcareous  sand  with  a grain  size  of 0-1 to 5 mm; 
— 115  litres  non-calcareous  gravel  with  a grain  size  of 5 to 25 mm; 
— 15 litres  water; 
— 1-5  litres  hardener. 
The cube  must  be reinforced  by 8 mm  steel  rods  without  ties,  each  rod  being  inde-
pendent  of the  others;  the design  concept  is illustrated  in the schematic  diagram 
(first  diagram). 
5.2.2.  Supporting  tool 
The tool  will  be sealed  into  the  block,  and  will  consist  of a standard  rammer, 
diameter  220  mm,  and  a tool  chuck  component  identical  with  the standard  model 
but 0-20  m longer. 
Suitable  treatment  must  be carried  out  to integrate  the two  components.  The  tool 
must  be fixed  in the block  so that  the bottom  of the rammer  is 0-30  m from  the 
upper  face  of the  cube. 
5.2.3.  Positioning  of the  cube 
The cube  must  be set in a pit cemented  throughout,  with  its upper  surface  flush 
with  the ground.  To avoid  any  parasitic  transmission,  the block  must  be insulated 
against  the bottom  and  sides  of the pit by suitable  screens  (cf. point  6.3.4  of part  I). 
In no case  should  the clearance  visible  at ground  level  be more  than  1 cm. 
14.4.  75 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 82/115 
Article  5.3:  No  change. 
Article  5.4:  This  Article  is supplemented  by the following  text: 
OPERATION  OF  CONCRETE-BREAKERS  AND  JACKHAMMERS 
DURING  TESTING 
5.4. The  operation  of the machine  must  have  the same  acoustic  stability  as in normal 
service,  and  must  satisfy  the following  requirements: 
The machine  must  operate  at a working  pressure  of 600  kPa  or at the  nominal 
pressure  if this  is considered  more  normal.  During  the tests,  the air pressure  must 
be measured  whilst  the machine  is in operation.  The  machine  must  operate  nor-
mally:  any  hindrances  to the air exhaust,  such  as icing  up, are to be avoided.  The 
type,  quality  and  quantity  of the  lubricating  oil used  should  comply  with  the 
manufacturer's  recommendations. 
5.4.1.  Test  set  up 
The machines  must  run  unattended  by an operator  in the manner  described  below: 
(a) the machine  must  operate  in an upright  position  on the  device  described  in 
paragraph  5.2,  which  will  be provided  with  a tool  shank  of the correct  size  for 
attachment  to the machine; 
(b) the machine  must  be firmly  held  down  by calibrated  springs  in order  to give 
the same  stability  that  exists  under  ordinary  operating  conditions  when  the 
pick is embedded  in the concrete  before  it fractures; 
(c) the following  measurements  will  be observed: 
— geometrical  centre  of the machine:  1 m from  the ground; 
— distance  from  the tip of the machine  to the ground:  0-10  m to 0-20  m depend-
ing on the spacer  used  in the machine. 
5.4.2.  Pressure  control 
Since  the machine  has  to operate  at 600  kPa,  or at its nominal  pressure  if this  is 
different,  the pressure  must  be checked  at the inlet  of the  coupling  through  which 
air is supplied  to the machine. 
The pressure  can  be checked  by means  of a dial  pressure  gauge,  but in view  of the 
pulsation  of the machine  it is preferable  to use an arrangement  consisting  of an air 
receiver  of 50 to 100  litres  capacity,  supplied  by a conventional  tube  20 m in length 
and 19 mm  in diameter.  The  machine  will  be supplied  from  this  receiver  through 
a tube  of 25 to 30 mm  diameter  and  3 m in length,  connected  to the coupling  — this 
will avoid  a drop  in pressure.  The  pressure  inside  the  receiver  can  be measured 
through  a tapping  point. 
The pressure  can  be adjusted  either  through  the  outlet  valve  on the  compressor, 
or by leaking  pressure  from  the tank  through  an adjustable  silencer. 
A schematic  diagram  illustrating  this  device  is given  in the second  diagram. 
Article  6.1.1:  No  change. 
Article  6.1.2:  This  Article  is supplemented  by the following  text: 
6.1.2.  Selection  of measurement  surface 
The measurement  surface  to be used  for this  test is a parallelepiped  whose  dimensions 
and location  in relation  to the device  are specified  in paragraph  6.2. 
No C 82/116 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 14. 4. 75 
Article  6.2:  This  Article  is replaced  by the following  text: 
6.2. Location  of microphone 
For each  machine  there  shall  be five  positions  located  1 m from  the machine  on a 
plane  passing  through  its geometrical  centre  and  perpendicular  to the principal 
axis of the machine.  The  fifth  position  must  be located  at a distance  of 1 m from 
the main  contour  of the machine  on its principal  axis  and  at the opposite  end  to 
the tool  (third  diagram).  The  air exhaust  axis  of the test  machine  must  be equi-
distant  from  two  measurement  points  (air  exhausted  directly  on to a microphone 
distorts  the measurement,  which  consequently  has to be abandoned).  Avoid  placing 
the microphone  between  the machine  and  the reflecting  surface.  Under  no circum-
stances  should  less than  four  microphone  positions  be used  in carrying  out the test. 
If a machine  can be used  either  vertically  or horizontally,  preference  must  always 
be given  to the position  giving  the simplest  air-feed  system  and to the most  straight-
forward  acoustic  environment.  To ensure  at least  four  microphone  locations,  it 
may be necessary  to select  other  positions  than  those  indicated  above;  these  should 
be spaced  as evenly  as possible  around  the machine,  and  clearly  illustrated  in the 
test report. 
To ensure  that  the measurements  are reproducible,  all percussion  tools  must  be 
tested  in the vertical  position  whenever  possible. 
If the test set-up  so requires,  the machine  may  be pivoted  in relation  to the micro-
phone  instead  of adjusting  the microphone  in relation  to the machine. 
Article  6.2.2:  This  Article  is supplemented  by the following  text: 
6.2.2.  Measurement  at the operating  position 
The fifth  position,  which  is defined  under  paragraph  6.2  above,  is considered 
representative  of the operator's  position. 
Articles  6.2.3  to 10 and  Annex  A: No change. 
Annex  B and part  II: 'On-side  methods'  need  not be taken  into  consideration. 
14.4.75 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities No C 82/117 
3 
J3 JX 5P Sb 
09 m 0 
OE^O 
No C 82/118 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 14. 4. 75 
£ S CS J3 J* 
T3 C 
Official  Journal  of the  European  Communities 
Measurement  of noise  emitted  by concrete-breakers  and  jackhammers 
1 m 
0,10 - 0,20  m 
lm 
Location  of measurement  points 
No C 82/120 Official  Journal  of the European  Communities 14. 4. 75 
Appendix 
MODEL  OF  TEST  REPORT  FOR  PNEUMATIC  JACKHAMMERS 
AND  CONCRETE-BREAKERS 
TEST  REPORT  FOR  CONCRETE-BREAKERS  AND  JACKHAMMERS  (NOISE) 
1. Test  piece 
Manufacturer: 
Model:  Series  No: 
Nominal  consumption: 
Principal  dimensions:  Weight:  ... 
Description: 
2. Operating  conditions 
Striking  speed:  strikes/sec.  Operating  pressure:  pascals 
Air consumption:  m3/sec. 
— Type  of silencer  used: 
3. Test  conditions 
Barometric  pressure:  Ambient  temperature: 
Composition  and  dimensions  of reflective  plane: 
Remarks: 
4. Equipment 
Microphone:  Series  No 
Sound  level  meter:  Series  No 
Octave  band  analyzer:  Series  No 
Calibrating  equipment:  Series  No 
Miscellaneous  (e.g.  wind  shield  or recorder): 
Series  No 
Diagram  showing  microphone  locations,  the direction  of discharge  and  the distance 
of large  objects  situated  less  than  25 m from  the test  machine 
Average  sound  intensity  level: 
Sound  intensity  level  measured  at location  No 5: 
Sound  level  of background  noise  measured 
at location  No  of  the  microphone: 
The test  results  are given  in the annexed  table. 
Report  prepared  by: 
Approved  by: Date: 
Date: 
14. 4. 75 Official  Journal  of the  European  Communities No C 82/121 
TABLE 
Micophone  location 1 2 3 4 5 
Sound  pressure  level 
Correction  for back-
ground  noise 
Correction  for screen 
Corrected  sound 
pressure  levelN 
ANNEX  II 
MODEL  OF INFORMATION  DOCUMENT  FOR  A TYPE  OF PNEUMATIC  CONCRETE-
BREAKER/JACKHAMMER  WITH  RESPECT  TO  THE  EEC  TYPE-APPROVAL  OF  THE 
PERMISSIBLE  SOUND  LEVEL 
0. General 
0.1. Make  (name  of undertaking.) 
0.2. Model  and  commercial  description  (mention  any  variants). 
0.3. Type. 
0.4. Category. 
0.5. Name  and  address  of manufacturer. 
0.6. Name  and  address  of manufacturer's  authorized  representative  (if any). 
0.7. Location  of statutory  plates  and  inscriptions  and  method  of fixing. 
1. Dimensions 
1.1. Total  weight:  kg. 
2. Operation 
2.1. Operating  pressure:  pascals. 
2.2. Air  intake:  m3/sec. 
2.3. Striking  speed:  strokes/sec.