ddrg/super_eurlex huggingface dataset:
I.

whereas new areas of tension between the EU and Russia have arisen since 2015, including: Russian intervention in Syria and interference in countries such as Libya and Central African Republic; large-scale military exercises (Zapad 2017); Russian interference aimed at influencing elections and referenda and stoking tensions in European societies; Kremlin support for anti-EU parties and far-right movements; restrictions on fundamental freedoms and extensive human rights violations in Russia, the spreading of anti-LGTBI sentiment; the crackdown against political opposition; the systemic targeting of human rights defenders, journalists and civil society in Russia, including the arbitrary detention of Oyub Titiev, head of the Human Rights Centre Memorial (HRC Memorial) office in Chechnya or the case of Yury Dmitriev from the Karelian branch of Memorial; the stigmatisation of civil society activists by labelling them as ‘Foreign Agents’; gross violations of human rights in the North Caucasus, in particular in the Chechen Republic (abductions, torture, extrajudicial executions, fabrication of criminal cases, etc.); discrimination against the Tatar minority in occupied Crimea, and the politically motivated persecution of Alexei Navalny and many others, as well as killings, the most notable cases being those of Boris Nemtsov and Sergei Magnitsky; cyber and hybrid attacks and assassinations on European soil carried out by Russian intelligence agents using chemical weapons; the intimidation, arrest and imprisonment of foreign citizens in Russia in breach of international law, including the 2018 Sakharov Prize laureate Oleg Sentsov and many others; the organisation of illegal and illegitimate elections in the Donbas; the holding of non-democratic presidential elections lacking any real choice and with restrictions on fundamental freedoms; disinformation campaigns, the illegal construction of the Kerch Bridge; large-scale militarisation of illegally occupied and annexed Crimea, as well as parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov; restrictions on international navigation in the Sea of Azov and through the Kerch Strait, including ships sailing under the flags of EU Member States; the illegal attack on and seizure of Ukrainian naval vessels and the arrest of Ukrainian servicemen in the Kerch Strait; violations of arms control agreements; the oppressive climate for journalists and the independent media with continued detentions of journalists and bloggers; and the World Press Freedom Index ranking of Russia at 148 out of 180 on media freedom in 2018;
19.

Suggests, with a view to extending Parliament’s power of budgetary control to the whole of the Union budget, that negotiations be launched between the Council, the Commission and Parliament so as to ensure Parliament has the right to access information on how the Council is implementing its budget, either directly or via the Commission, and that the Council answers written questions from Parliament and attends hearings and debates on the implementation of its budget; takes the view that, should these negotiations fail, Parliament should grant discharge to the Commission only and include in the overall discharge separate resolutions concerning the Union’s various institutions, bodies and agencies, thereby ensuring that no section of the EU budget is implemented without proper scrutiny;
16.

Calls on the Member States to ensure that NEETs, including young people with disabilities and those with complex needs, can, in line with the recommendations of the European Commission and the European Court of Auditors, avail of and benefit from the Youth Guarantee in a real and meaningful way; highlights the importance of addressing the current shortcomings affecting the quality of offers and the outreach of the scheme; believes that further efforts should be made to establish quality standards, provide continued and increased financial support through both EU funding instruments and national budgets, and ensure the meaningful involvement of young people and youth organisations in the design, implementation and monitoring of measures under the Youth Guarantee; stresses the need to recognise that by reason of age criteria a number of those unemployed or underemployed when young have not been included in measures specifically targeting younger workers, and therefore need the opportunity to update their skills; stresses that education is the key to avoiding poverty; considers that increased training in basic digital skills, such as the use of digital media and a basic knowledge of programming, is essential in educational institutions; stresses in this connection the need for adequate technical equipment in educational establishments with appropriate digital infrastructure; calls on the Commission and the Member States, without further delay, to implement the dual training system which is established as a leading model in the EU, while recognising the need to adapt it to Member States’ own systems;
16.

Reiterates its calls on the EU Member States to follow up on their 21 August 2013 conclusions announcing the suspension of export licences for any equipment which might be used for internal repression in line with Common Position 2008/944/CFSP, and condemns the persistent non-compliance of EU Member States with these commitments; calls on them therefore to halt exports to Egypt of surveillance technology and other security equipment that can facilitate attacks on human rights defenders and civil society activists, including on social media, as well as any other kind of internal repression; calls on the VP/HR to report on the current state of military and security cooperation by Member States with Egypt; calls for the EU to implement in full its export controls vis-à-vis Egypt with regard to goods that could be used for repression, torture or capital punishment;
—

having regard to its previous resolutions on Russia and on the situation in Crimea, in particular those of 11 June 2015 on the strategic military situation in the Black Sea Basin following the illegal annexation of Crimea by Russia (1); of 10 September 2015 on Russia, in particular the cases of Eston Kohver, Oleg Sentsov and Olexandr Kolchenko (2); of 4 February 2016 on the human rights situation in Crimea, in particular of the Crimean Tatars (3); of 12 May 2016 on the Crimean Tatars (4); of 16 March 2017 on the Ukrainian prisoners in Russia and the situation in Crimea (5); of 5 October 2017 on the cases of Crimean Tatar leaders Akhtem Chiygoz, Ilmi Umerov and the journalist Mykola Semena (6); of 8 February 2018 on Russia, the case of Oyub Titiev and the Human Rights Centre Memorial (7); of 14 June 2018 on Russia, notably the case of Ukrainian political prisoner Oleg Sentsov (8), of 25 October 2018 on the situation in the Sea of Azov (9), of 14 February 2019 on the situation in Chechnya and the case of Oyub Titiev (10), of 12 December 2018 on the implementation of the EU Association Agreement with Ukraine (11) and of 12 March 2019 on the state of EU-Russia political relations (12),
5.

Recalls that education, in addition to being a standalone fundamental right, is a precondition for the enjoyment of other fundamental rights and freedoms as guaranteed by Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), the Polish Constitution and the Charter; stresses that rather than protecting young people, a lack of information and education about sex and sexuality puts the safety and wellbeing of young people at risk by leaving them more vulnerable and less equipped to identify sexual exploitation, abuse and violence, including domestic violence and online forms of abuse such as cyber violence, online harassment and revenge porn; believes that comprehensive sexuality education also has a positive impact on gender equality outcomes, including transforming harmful gender norms and attitudes towards gender-based violence, helping prevent intimate partner violence and sexual coercion, breaking the silence around sexual violence, sexual exploitation or abuse, and empowering young people to seek help;
3.

Demands that all protestors, human rights defenders and journalists currently held under arrest in Iran for exercising their legitimate rights to freedom of expression and assembly are freed unconditionally; moreover, demands that the authorities inform all families of the location of their detained relatives, and calls for granting unhindered access for lawyers and international observers to all those detained during the protests and for providing identity of the detainees to the international community; reiterates the Parliament’s previous calls for the release of Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe and many others who have been unlawfully detained;
G.

whereas the unexpected interruption of vote counting and the proclamation of victory by President Morales resulted in massive protests and mobilisation by opposition supporters, as well as by supporters of President Morales himself; whereas these demonstrations have been a cause of great concern to the whole international community and have so far resulted in at least 32 people being killed, with hundreds more injured and over 600 arrested; whereas the country was suffering from food and fuel shortages that are having serious consequences on the civilian population due to street blockades by pro-Morales supporters; whereas there is concern over violence, allegations of unnecessary and disproportionate use of force by the security forces and the fracturing of society;
87.

Highlights the need for support for a just transition and welcomes the Commission’s commitments in this regard; believes that a well-designed Just Transition Mechanism, including a Just Transition Fund, will be an important tool to facilitate the transition and reach ambitious climate targets while addressing social impacts; stresses that robust financing of this instrument, including additional budgetary resources, will be a key element for the successful implementation of the European Green Deal; believes that the just transition is about more than just a fund, but is a whole-policy approach underpinned by investment which must ensure that no one is left behind, and highlights the role of the social policies of the Member States in this context; believes that the Mechanism should not simply be a net transfer to national governments or companies, nor should it be used to pay for corporate liabilities, but that it should concretely help workers of all sectors and communities in the EU most affected by decarbonisation, such as coal mining and carbon-intensive regions, to make the transition to the clean economy of the future, while not having a discouraging effect on proactive projects and initiatives; believes that the fund should inter alia promote upskilling and reskilling in order to prepare and adapt workers to new employment perspectives, requirements and competences and support the creation of high-quality and sustainable jobs; strongly emphasises that just transition funding must be conditional on progress on concrete and binding decarbonisation plans in line with the Paris Agreement, especially the phase-out of coal and the transformation of carbon-intensive economic regions; deems it important to ensure an appropriate monitoring framework in order to follow up on how funds are used in the Member States; stresses, however, that funds alone cannot ensure the transition and that a comprehensive EU strategy based on a genuine dialogue and partnership with the people and communities concerned, including trade unions, is needed;
H.

whereas numerous cross-border and seasonal workers are in a particularly vulnerable situation as regards their working conditions and occupational health and safety in the context of the COVID-19 crisis; whereas disturbing reports regarding breaches of cross-border and seasonal workers’ rights in terms of working and living conditions have surfaced during the crisis, namely on working time, minimum wages, unfair dismissals, workplace health and safety standards, such as a lack of written instructions and display notices at the workplace, a lack of safe transport and decent accommodation that meet sanitary requirements and where social distancing measures can be maintained, high pressure and non-adapted working patterns, posting arrangements and subcontracting practices, non-compliance with quarantine restrictions and repatriation support, and an inadequate provision of personal protective equipment (PPE); whereas these reports and the crisis generally have exposed and exacerbated social dumping and the existing precariousness of the situations of many cross-border and seasonal workers and gaps in the implementation and enforcement of existing legislation for their protection; whereas many cross-border and seasonal workers are in practice dependent on their employer or temporary agency for not only their income, but also their housing; whereas numerous cross-border and seasonal workers have ended up on the streets following being fired; whereas on account of their vulnerable circumstances, these workers may also find it hard to report abuses or stay away from work if they feel sick, owing to a lack of information or fear of losing their income, accommodation or residence status;
59.

Insists that the use of export authorisations must not, under any circumstances, turn into de facto export bans; emphasises the importance of maintaining access to scarce medical products for developing countries; stresses that the export of PPE must get to those who need it most and not those who can afford to pay the highest price; considers that to this end, a global catalogue of essential emergency healthcare products must be agreed within the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), in order to stop price speculation and facilitate their trade; strongly encourages all countries to join the WTO Pharmaceutical Tariff Elimination Agreement (Zero for Zero) and for its scope to be extended to all pharmaceutical and medicinal products to ensure worldwide cross-border trade; calls on WTO members to make this topic a priority on the agenda of the next WTO Ministerial Meeting; expresses its deep concern at the warning jointly issued by the WTO, WHO and the Food and Agriculture Organization that global restrictive trade measures could lead to food shortages around the world; calls for measures to minimise disruption to food supply chains, thus preventing the exacerbation of food insecurity and price volatility; calls on all Member States to use all available tools to ensure that effective mechanisms are in place to assess potential investment and acquisitions of critical infrastructure and strategical industrial capacities in the EU, and to take mitigating or blocking measures as needed; calls on the Commission to quickly advance the WTO e-commerce negotiations to guarantee rules for rapidly increasing online trade, especially for goods;
M.

whereas a Coordination Council was established to provide a temporary institutional partner for a national dialogue process aimed at organising new elections that would be held according to international standards and under ODIHR election observation; whereas several thousand people have since expressed their support to its calls for new elections, and all leading members of the Coordination Council have been harassed, interrogated or arrested (Liliya Ulasava, Maksim Znak, Siarhei Dyleuski, Maria Kalesnikava); whereas ongoing harassment and threats have led leading members of the opposition, Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Veranika Tsapkala, Pavel Latushka and Volha Kovalkova to seek refuge in the European Union; whereas another leader, Maria Kalesnikava, was abducted on 7 September 2020 by masked men in an unmarked van in the middle of the day from a street in Minsk; whereas Nobel Prize laureate, Sviatlana Aleksijevic, is the only member of the Presidium of the Coordination Council who remains free in Belarus; whereas serious concerns regarding her safety persist despite the exceptional support she has received from European diplomats;
10.

Recalls the indispensable role to be played by civil society, national human rights institutions, equality bodies and other relevant actors in all stages of the Annual Monitoring Cycle, from providing input to facilitating implementation and monitoring; underlines the need to provide human rights defenders and reporting actors with protection at both national and Union level, including against abuses of court actions where necessary, along with adequate funding at all levels; calls in that regard for the creation of a statute for European cross-border associations and non-profit organisations after a thorough impact assessment; stresses the contribution of whistleblowers to safeguarding the rule of law and fighting corruption; calls on the Commission to closely monitor the transposition and application of Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law ( 12 ) ; points out that the accreditation status of national human rights institutions and the space for civil society may themselves serve as indicators for assessment purposes; encourages national parliaments to hold public debates and adopt positions on the outcome of the monitoring cycle; highlights that training of justice professionals is essential for the proper implementation and application of Union law and thus for the strengthening of a common legal culture throughout the Union; considers that the upcoming European judicial training strategy must put additional focus on promoting the rule of law and judicial independence and include training on skills and non-legal issues to make judges better prepared to resist undue pressure; encourages the Commission and the Member States to further promote and facilitate the dialogue between courts and legal practitioners by fostering the regular exchange of information and best practices in order to strengthen and advance a Union area of justice based on democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights; stresses the need to ensure adequate funding for the sectoral Justice Programme and Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values Programme in the upcoming Multiannual Financial Framework, as those programmes aim to protect and promote Union values and develop a Union area of justice based on the rule of law and to support civil society;
(13)

The type of AI-system the operator is exercising control over is a determining factor. An AI-system that entails a high risk potentially endangers the user or the public to a much higher degree and in a manner that is random and goes beyond what can reasonably be expected. This means that at the start of the autonomous operation of the AI-system, the majority of the potentially affected persons are unknown and not identifiable, for example persons on a public square or in a neighbouring house, compared to the operation of an AI-system that involves specific persons, who have regularly consented to its deployment before, for example surgery in a hospital or a sales demonstration in a small shop. Determining how significant the potential is of a high-risk AI-system to cause harm or damage is dependent on the interplay between the purpose of use for which the AI system is put on the market, the manner in which the AI-system is being used, the severity of the potential harm or damage, the degree of autonomy of decision-making that can result in harm and the likelihood that the risk materialises. The degree of severity should be determined based on relevant factors such as the extent of the potential harm resulting from the operation on affected persons, including in particular effects on fundamental rights, the number of affected persons, the total value for the potential damage, as well as the harm to society as a whole. The likelihood for the harm or damage to occur should be determined based on relevant factors such as the role of the algorithmic calculations in the decision-making process, the complexity of the decision and the reversibility of the effects. Ultimately, the manner of usage should depend on relevant factors such as the context and sector in which the AI-system operates, if it could have legal or factual effects on important legally protected rights of the affected person, and whether the effects can reasonably be avoided.
14.

Calls for ambitious progress to be made in the negotiations on the Comprehensive Agreement on Investment with China, in order to address the urgent need for reciprocity, including regarding access to the public procurement market and other outstanding level-playing-field-related issues such as market-distorting practices of Chinese State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) or forced technology transfers, joint-venture requirements and non-discriminatory treatment; underlines the importance of including an ambitious chapter on trade and sustainable development to protect human rights, including core labour standards, promote environmental standards and fight against climate change in line with the Paris climate agreement; stresses the importance of the EU strategic relationship with China as a competitor, partner and systemic rival; calls therefore on the Member States and EU institutions to speak with one voice; urges the Commission, in this regard, to set up a dedicated China Task Force, modelled on the Task Force for relations with the United Kingdom, to ensure unity and coherence of message at all levels and in all formats with a view to a common and unified EU policy towards China; stresses that EU trade and investment relations require full respect for human rights; expresses deep concern about the reported exploitation of Uyghurs in factories in China, and stresses that products produced in re-education camps should be banned from EU markets; calls on the Commission to start the scoping exercise and impact assessment in order to formally commence the negotiations with Taiwan as soon as possible;
E.

whereas on 7 February 2020, EIPR gender rights researcher and postgraduate Erasmus student at Italy’s University of Bologna, Patrick George Zaki, was arbitrarily arrested at Cairo International Airport; whereas, according to his lawyer, Patrick George Zaki was subjected to a 17-hour interrogation by Egypt’s National Security Agency before being transferred to Mansoura, where he was beaten and tortured with electric shocks; whereas Patrick George Zaki was charged with disseminating subversive propaganda, incitement to protest and instigation to terrorism, among other charges; whereas, while his health situation puts him at particular risk of contracting COVID-19 in Tora Prison, Patrick George Zaki’s pre-trial detention has continuously been extended for the past 10 months; whereas the Erasmus programme has been regarded as one of the most successful initiatives for the promotion of EU core values; whereas the detention of Patrick George Zaki during the course of his fellowship in Europe represents a threat to these values and the EU must do everything in its power find a solution to this case;
4.

Calls on the Ugandan Government to ensure justice and accountability for all victims by carrying out impartial, thorough and independent investigations into the shootings and violence perpetrated by security forces, and similarly calls on the Ugandan judiciary to objectively and independently apply the existing legislative framework and to take full note of the facts and evidence available; calls on the Ugandan authorities to launch an immediate independent investigation into the tragic events of 18 and 19 November 2020, where at least 54 people needlessly lost their lives at the hands of the police following the arrest of Bobi Wine, and where hundreds more were injured, something that President Museveni himself has acknowledged, and to hold those responsible to account;