COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
COM(90) 1A0 final 
Brussels, 23 April 1990 
ffi^Pf WPHM TTffi f?™*™™* TO TTTK COUlfCIL 
on the production and marketing of hops 
1989 Harvest 
Proposal for a 
COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) 
laying down, in respect of hops, the aaount of 
aid to producers for the 1989 harvest 
(presented by the Commission) 
- 2 -
Commission Report on the 
production and marketing of hops 
- 1989 Harvest -
SUMMARY 
0. Introduction 3 
1. Features of the world market for hops 
1.1. Product Ion structures 3 
1.2. Market and price formation 4 
1.3. World trade 6 
2. 1989 Harvest 
2.1. World situation 
2.1.1. Production 6 
2.1.2. Market trends 7 
2.1.3. Stocks 8 
2.2. Commun ity 9 
2.2.1. Product ion 10 
2.2.2. Sa les and pr ices 11 
2.2.3. Foreign trade 13 
2.2.4. Returns 14 
2.2.5. Product ion costs 16 
3. Outlook .17 
4. The Commun i ty hop market 19 
5. Current problems and developments affecting the hop 
sector in the Community 
5.1. Aid for varietal conversion 20 
5.2. International trade and plant health 
legislation 23 
6. Cone I us i ons 25 
3 -
0. Introduction 
Article 11 of Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71 requires the Commission to 
present to the Council an annual report on the production and marketing 
of hops. The purpose of this report Is to provide Information on trends 
in production, prices and demand. 
This report, which is the 19th Annual Report presented by the 
Commission, outlines the main events in the 1989 harvest year. 
In quantitative terms the 1989 harvest was significantly up on the 
record low of the previous year; it was, nevertheless, below the average 
of many years past. 1989 was the third year In succession of poor 
Community harvests. The average per hectare returns achieved by 
producers were, however, slightly up on the previous year. At a time of 
falling prices, this was attributable solely to higher harvest volumes. 
The Commission proposes that hop producers should once more be granted 
aid to supplement their incomes. 
1. Featu'es of the world market for hops 
1.1 Production structures 
Hop production is heavily concentrated in certain geographic areas. 
Hops are grown in relatively few countries and then only in one specific 
region or at most in a few adjacent regions. This is partly due to 
natural conditions and partly to the traditional skills of a specific 
section of the agricultural population. The greatest concentrations of 
hop-growing areas in the world are the Hallertau district in the Federal 
Republic of Germany and the Yakima Valley in the United States of 
America. Significant quantities of hops are also grown in the USSR and 
China as well as in certain East European Countries. With some 1 100 ha 
currently under hops, Australia is one of the smaller hop producers, but 
it could become more important in the future, thanks to Its favourable 
natural conditions, which mean there is little need to use plant 
protection products. 
_ 4 -
In 1989, 79% of the world harvest was grown by the countries belonging 
to the International Hop Growers' Convention (IHGC).^1^ The four 
largest producer countries (Federal Republic of Germany, USA, USSR and 
Czechoslovakia) accounted for more than two-thirds of last year's 
harvest. 
1.2. Market and price formation 
Because of their huge size, the German and American markets play a 
dominant role in determining the level of world market prices. On the 
demand side, the breweries are practically the only buyers of hops. The 
volume of beer production largely determines the demand for hops. 
However, technical progress means that the quantity of hops used to 
manufacture a specific volume of beer is constantly being reduced. In 
addition, changes in the varietal composition of beer are tending to 
reduce the amount of hops needed for the various types of beer. 
Essentially, hops are traded either as aromatic varieties or as bitter 
varieties. The price of bitter varieties is largely determined by their 
alpha acid content, whereas the price of aromatic varieties depends on 
the aromatic qualities of the hops concerned and the prestige enjoyed by 
the area where they were grown. 
The extent to which a poor harvest may cause supply shortages and 
resultant price hikes is largely dependant on the volume of stocks held. 
The manufacture of hop products, such as hop powder and pellets, means 
that hops may be stored for longer periods of time and fluctuations in 
production ironed out. This has contributed significantly to smoothing 
out short and medium term price movements and reducing their negative 
impact on suppI ies. 
(1) The following are members of the IHGC: the Member States of the EEC (with 
the exception of Ireland and Portugal), USA, Australia, Czechoslovakia, GDR, 
Poland, Hungary and Bulgaria. 
- 5 -
However, sometimes very considerable price fluctuations continue to 
occur, although the cycles, each of which ends with a sharp movement In 
prices, have become significantly longer. This may be explained by the 
existence of a storage cycle, which overlaps the production cycle and 
means that changes In the supply situation over a relatively long period 
of time are only partially reflected In price changes. In a surplus 
supply situation, quantities in excess of current demand are removed 
from the market and placed in storage, whereas when supplies are short 
stocks are released from storage. Since no reliable Information Is 
available on either the actual level of stocks held by the breweries or 
the rate at which they are depleted in the course of the year, hop 
producers are unable to assess what percentage of demand is covered by 
current production and what percentage by the run-down of stocks and 
cannot therefore determine their production strategy accordingly. Where 
a poor harvest coincides with low stocks, extreme price fluctuations are 
unavoidable. 
Trade interests play an essential role in the marketing of hops. The 
amounts produced by individual producers, in particular in the Member 
States of the Community are too small for there to be any possibility of 
direct sales to breweries. Trading companies therefore assume the 
essential role of amalgamating supplies and distributing them in 
accordance with demand. The hop trade, which is dominated both within 
the Community and worldwide by a small number of firms, also controls 
the processing of hops. Furthermore, hops are also exchanged between 
breweries as a result of stockpile adjustments. However, the quantities 
involved in such movements are small and play only a very minor role in 
relation to overall trade. 
Both in the Community and in the United States the bulk of production is 
sold under forward contracts generally covering a period of several 
years. The forward contract system has largely proved its worth since 
it prevents any extreme divergence of supply and demand. 
- 6 -
1.3. World Trade 
There is a lively International trade In hops, born mainly from the fact 
that, geographically speaking, hop production is concentrated in a few 
countries, whereas beer is manufactured In almost every country In the 
world. There is also considerable trade between the hop-growing 
countries, since each of the latter specializes in particular varieties 
or groups of varieties. For example, the United States exports large 
quantities of bitter hops, but is a major importer of aromatic hops. A 
further Impetus is given to international trade by the Increasing 
importance of hop derivatives (extracts, powders and pellets) and the 
regional concentration of the capacities needed to manufacture such 
products. 
An estimated 50% of the annual harvest is traded between countries. The 
Community is a major exporter of aromatic hops, In particular to the 
United States and Japan. On the other hand, it imports large quantities 
of both bitter and aromatic hops, chiefly from Eastern Europe, much of 
which leaves the Community again after processing into hop products. 
1989 harvest 
2.1. Wor id si tuat ion 
2.1.1. Product ion 
In 1989 the world area under hops totalled some 90 500 ha (see Annex 
Table 1), about 29% of which lay within the Community. 
- 7 -
The renewed upturn in the area under hops that began In 1987 was 
maintained In 1989. As compared with 1988, the world area under hops 
expanded by 460 ha (0.5%), a smaller Increase than the previous year, 
which saw a 3% growth on the area under hops in 1987. As In 1988, the 
United States again accounted for the bulk (more than 250 ha) of this 
increase. However, the growth In the area under hops in the United 
States was significantly less than that of the two previous years. 
Following the downturn in the area under hops that persisted until 1986, 
American growers have now expanded their hop-growing area by almost 40% 
in three years. 
The world hop harvest in 1989 Is estimated at some 2 365 000 zentners (1 
zentner - 50 kg), which is slightly down on the 1988 harvest. Given 
that the 1988 harvest was already comparatively low, this was a 
disappointing result. Of the major producers, the United States (up 
8.7%) and the Federal Republic of Germany (up 8.0%) achieved the 
greatest growth In the quantities harvested. On the other hand, the 
harvest in Yugoslavia and, in particular, in Czechoslovakia were well 
down on the previous year. 
A'. 6.3%, the average alpha acid content was up on the previous year and, 
despite the somewhat lower harvest, alpha acid production is estimated 
at 7 436 t. This means, however, that available supplies of alpha acid 
from normal annual production fall short of the estimated demand from 
brewers. 
2.1.2. Market trends 
Once it became clear that the relatively low harvest figures of 1988 
would not be bettered in 1989, a price hike was generally expected. 
This seemed all the more justifiable In light of the substantial rundown 
of stocks. Prices on the German spot market accordingly rose over the 
marketing year, but did not increase as much as growers had hoped. In 
addition, the market had been largely cleared by the time the price rise 
took effect, which meant that growers saw very little increase in their 
returns. 
- 8 -
The situation on the American market was rather more positive. Contract 
prices on the American market firmed further, resulting In a high rate 
of contract sales and in a continuing, slight upward trend In prices. 
The conjunction of several favourable circumstances for American growers 
- including a successful varietal policy and the low external value of 
the US dollar - has led to an enormous increase in supplies over the 
past three years and bids fair for a further expansion of the US hop 
market In coming years. The sharp growth In US exports, accompanied by 
falling imports, is evidence that American growers will be stepping up 
the competition for market share with Community producers. 
2.1.3. Stocks 
The fact that the world market for the 1989 market has been largely 
cleared out for most varieties, whilst at the same time there is still a 
certain demand, clearly shows that further pressure will be exerted on 
the stocks held by the brewery industry, which had already been run down 
considerably following the low 1988 harvest. This would suggest that 
the barren stockpiles that had built up since 1982 may now have been 
reduced to an extent that makes it possible to break into the new 
harvest, but will prevent brewers from reacting to the coming harvest 
by deliberately delaying purchases for speculative reasons. 
The stocks held in the USA declined last year to some 23 470 t 
(situation at 1 September 1989) and thus to their lowest level since 
1982. Community brewers held stocks of some 16 000 t at the same date. 
2) 
- 9 -
2.2. Community 
Seven Member States currently produce hops. 6 871 growers farm a total 
area of 26 218 ha, with each holding having on average 3.8 ha under hops 
(see Table 1). Production structures vary considerably from Member 
S'ate to Member State. In the United Kingdom, 252 hop producers farm 
more than 3 700 ha (14.9 ha/holding), whereas each Spanish producer 
firms an average of only 0.7 ha. 
Table 1 : structure of production 
F.R. Germany 
France 
Belgium 
United Kingdom 
I re land 
Spa in 
PortugaI 
E.E.C. Holdings 
4.298 
183 
124 
252 
2 
1 .972 
40 
6.871 Hop area 
total (ha) 
19.938 
529 
402 
3.743 
21 
1 .443 
142 
26.218 Hop area 
per holding 
(ha) 
4,6 
2,9 
3,2 
14,9 
10,5 
0,7 
3,6 
3,8 
- 10 -
2.2.1 Production 
The area under hops in the Community In 1989 was 26 218 ha (see Annex, 
Table 1.) This represents only a very slight change as compared with 
the previous year. The expansion of hop-growing areas In Germany 
continued, although the pace of expansion has slowed considerably with 
only 156 ha newly put to hops. Apart from France, where there was an 
increase of 40 ha in the area under hops, there was a downward trend in 
the other Member States. At 811 739 zentners, the total 1989 harvest was 
significantly up on the extremely low 1988 harvest (+7.7%), but still 
fell short by some 100 000 zentners of the average for the past decade. 
Certain Member States saw greatly increased yields as compared with 
1988, particularly Spain where, despite a decline In the area under 
hops, the quantities harvested were up 40%. Portuguese hop growers, who 
faced harvest failure last year, recovered to obtain almost average 
yields. The quantities harvested in the Federal Republic of Germany 
were significantly higher than in 1988, but could have been some 20 000 
zentners higher had not parts of the Hallertau district experienced 
severe hail damage. The least satisfactory result was that obtained in 
Britain, where a persistent drought during the growing season and heavy 
infestation meant that the harvest fell short of even the record low set 
in 1988. 
In a situation where the overall area under hops remains stable, the 
increase in the quantities harvested is of course attributable to higher 
per hectare yield. At 31.0 zentners per hectare, the average yield 
throughout the Community was somewhat higher than in the two previous 
years, but still fell short of the long-term average. 
The quantities of alpha acid per hectare in 1989 were significantly up 
on the previous year at 92.6 kg. This is, however, solely attributable 
to the increased yield per hectare. The Community average alpha acid 
content of 6.0% was on a par with the sub-average 1988 level. None of 
the Member States attained very high alpha acid values. Indeed, the 
average alpha acid content in France fell to only 3.7% as a result, 
however, of the large expansion in the area planted with the 
StrisseIsta 11 variety of aromatic hops. 
- 11 -
2.2.2. Sales and Prices 
The spot market grew in both relative and absolute terms as a result of 
the harvest being up on the previous year. 170 472 zentners, I.e. 21% 
of the 1989 harvest, were sold on the spot market (see Annex, Table 9). 
This was more than 40% up on 1988. Nevertheless, the spot market was 
rapidly cleared out. At the beginning of 1990, only 1 389 zentners of 
hops remained unsold, more than half of which was in the United Kingdom. 
Price trends were greatly at odds with the rapid market clearance and 
with the relatively low quantity harvested. Average prices on both the 
contract market and, in particular, the spot market were significantly 
down on the previous year. The average price achieved by Community 
producers for bitter hops on the contract market was ECU 151.10/ztr 
(down 3.2% on the previous year) and ECU 177.00/ztr for aromatic hops 
(-2.9%) (see Annex, Table 9). Spot prices for bitter hops reached an 
average of ECU 111.09/ztr, down 7.2% on last year's level. The fall in 
spot prices for aromatic hops, which fetched ECU 159.54/ztr, was even 
steeper (-19.0%). 
Leaving aside the slight price rise on the French and Portuguese 
contract market, prices fell in all Member States, and were particularly 
depressed on the spot market. The greatest drop was experienced in the 
United Kingdom (down 28.9%). This reflected, inter alia, the low 
quality of British hops, which had been heavily attacked by parasites. 
The economic impact of the sharp fall in spot prices in Belgium (-20.1%) 
was all the more acute in view of the fact that, unlike other Member 
States, the bulk of the harvest is sold on the spot market. By far and 
away the lowest spot market prices were in Spain, where an average of 
ECU 80.24/ztr was recorded. Owing to the exceptionally fine harvest in 
Spain, relatively large quantities of hops reached the spot market for 
the first time in 1989, obviously catching the hop trade by surprise. 
12 -
In addition, most Community hop growers were affected by falling prices 
on the contract market. The pressure on prices, derived Inter alia from 
the scale of production capacity, is also becoming apparent on the 
forward market. Prices are lower the further forward the contract. 
There is a trend on the part of customers to reduce their contract 
exposure. This may be taken as evidence that the breweries foresee 
selling pressure in the future and reckon that they will be able to 
obtain cheaper supplies on the spot market. 
Table 2 : Average prices for selected hop varieties in the Federal Republic of 
Germany, 1982-1994 
PrIces In ECU/ztr 
Year Hal 1er- Tettnan- Hers- Northern Brewer's 
tauer ger brucker Brewer Gold 
Spot market 
Contract market 
m 1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
Forward contracts 
1990 
1991 
1992 
1993 
1994 74,94 
125,27 
111,21 
194,96 
129,26 
220,35 
227,86 
218,54 
167,15 
178,16 
181,88 
191,60 
196,39 
195,37 
200,33 
199,91 
167,72 
157,55 
156,28 
151,62 
151,20 104,85 
198,84 
161,06 
207,53 
138,17 
228,09 
230,82 
231,25 
202,31 
212,72 
218,52 
288,92 
226,33 
220,11 
223,20 
220,66 
222,78 
221,93 
220,66 
220,66 
220,66 52,81 
67,61 
78,24 
126,20 
94,94 
209,15 
216,85 
173,65 
160,76 
166,23 
164,87 
168,96 
170,17 
169,38 
170,68 
168,57 
160,94 
154,59 
152,05 
150,35 
149,93 85,43 
104,19 
69,93 
102,72 
62,88 
76,55 
142,73 
127,48 
143,68 
151,12 
154,13 
161,41 
171,77 
169,80 
168,54 
160,09 
160,94 
141,88 
141,88 
138,49 
137,65 46,60 
69,20 
43,10 
45,70 
24,45 
54,50 
93,18 
88,09 
134,74 
142,37 
144,78 
147,58 
144,62 
137,94 
126,64 
116,89 
114,35 
99,53 
101,65 
97,41 
97,34 
(1) The prices shown are the average prices specified in contracts signed 
in previous years for the relevant harvest. 
- 13 -
The behaviour of major Japanese breweries was also responsible, along 
with the Initially very cautious prices offered by the trade, for the 
unsatisfactory price trend for producers in 1989. The Japanese 
breweries - apparently owing to excess coverage In hop purchases -
postponed until next year the delivery of some 25 000 ztr of hops that 
were supposed to have been delivered this year. News of this reached 
the market Just as certain varieties were beginning to become scarce, 
thereby preventing prices from picking up more strongly. 
2.2.3. Foreign trade 
As regards the Community's foreign trade in hop and hop products, there 
was a sizable increase in imports, while exports were generally 
sluggish. In the period September 1988 to August 1989 20 341 t 
expressed as hop cones were exported to non-member countries and 14 344 
t imported into the Community from non-EEC countries (see Annex, Table 
7a). Net exports amounted to 5 997 t. This was 24% down on the previous 
year's figure. 
The Community's main suppliers are Czechoslovakia (4 535 t) and the USA 
(3 949 t) (see Annex, Table 7b). However, the USA is also one of the 
major export markets for Community produced hops. The largest single 
market in 1989 was Japan, which purchased 4 755 t of hops, largely in 
the form of pel lets. 
Hops from Eastern Europe and China are generally purchased in the form 
of hop cones and are, to a large extent, re-exported after processing. 
On the other hand, most of the hops (expressed in terms of hop cone 
equivalent) that reach the Community from the USA are already processed 
and are largely intended for use in the Member States. 
- 14 -
2.2.4. Returns 
Community hop growers obtained an average return of ECU 5 136 per 
hectare in 1989, up 1.4% on the previous year, a level that was, 
however, far from satisfactory for producers (see Table 3). Overall, 
the increase In average per hectare returns was the result solely of 
higher harvests rather than of a favourable price trend. 
If one looks at variety groups, improved returns were obtained only for 
bitter varieties (up 3.2%). On the other hand, per hectare returns for 
aromatic and other varieties were down 0.4% and 2.2% respectively on the 
previous year. The increased returns for bitter varieties resulted 
primarily from the firming of prices for the Northern Brewer variety, 
the most widely grown bitter variety in the Community. Per hectare 
yields for the Brewer's Gold variety, however, were down 10%. 
The trend in returns varied greatly from one Member State to another. 
Spanish producers, whose returns in 1989 were up 41%, can look back on 
an exceptionally good harvest. On the other hand, the sharp increase of 
76.6% obtained in Portugal as compared with the previous year only 
represents a return to more normal levels of return. 
In Belgium, the fact that the bulk of production is sold on the spot 
market had extremely negative consequencej. Owing to the low prevailing 
prices on the Belgian spot market, average returns per hectare were the 
lowest in the Community at ECU 3 395. This is 8.5% down on the previous 
year . 
French growers, who obtained very good returns in 1988, suffered a 
reverse in 1989 attributable mainly to the low yields of the 
StrIsseIspaIt variety. The unfavourable price trend in the United 
Kingdom further aggravated the impact of poor yields on the financial 
resuits obtained there, leading to returns that were 8.5% down on those 
of the previous year. 
- 15 -
Table 3 : Return on areas In full production, In ECU/ha C) 
By varlety group 
Hops 
- Aromat ic 
- Bitter 
Others 
By country 
Germany 
France 
Be I g i urn 
United Kingdom 
Ireland 
Spain 
Portugal 1984 
5.972 
5.967 
4.735 1985 
6.151 
5.073 
4.118 1986 
5.402 
4.410 
3.462 1987 
5.428 
4.727 
4.439 1988 
5.586 
4.491 
4.196 1989 1989/88(%) 
5.562 
4.633 
4.093 
1984 
5.377 
3.894 
3.094 
8.961 
8.078 1985 
5.786 
4.858 
2.934 
5.294 
5.547 1986 
5.201 
4.688 
2.189 
4.292 
1.651 
3.506 
5.231 1987 
5.353 
4.674 
4.199 
4.695 
4.918 
3.122 
4.763 1988 
5.238 
6.170 
4.368 
5.001 
5.943 
3.173 
2.452 5.307 
5.572 
3.995 
4.577 
5.283 
4.473 
4.329 - 0,4 
+ 3,2 
- 2,1 
1989 1989/88(%) 
+ 1,3 
- 9,7 
- 8,5 
- 8,5 
- 11,1 
+ 41 ,0 
+ 76,6 
By country and by variety group 1989 ^2^ 
Aromatic Bitter 
Germany 
France 
Belgium 
United Kingdom 
I re I and 
Spa in 
PortugaI 5.591 (1,1) 
6.033 (-15,2) 
5.498 (-14,7) 
5.230 (- 7,6) 
3.960 (-24,1) 
1.686 (43,7) 4.859 (1,0) 
4.240 (- 1,2) 
3.263 (- 7,8) 
4.177 (- 9,8) 
5.741 (- 7,3) 
4.478 (40,7) 
4.329 (76,6) Others 
4.387 (- 3,0) 
2.186 (- 24,4) 
3.490 (2,3) 
2.937 (- 11,6) 
(1) Areas newly planted in 1989 and 1988 were assumed to give 40% and 65% 
respectively of the return from areas in full production. 
(2) The figures in brackets show the percentage change from 1988. 
- 16 -
2.2.5 Product ion costs 
When existing methods of production are maintained for the cultivation 
of agricultural land, cultivation costs per unit area tend to rise in 
line with Inflation over the course of time. This is true of the 
majority of the areas under hops In the Community. In the period 1988 
to 1989, the average Increase in production costs per hectare was 5.7% 
(see Table 4). The greatest increase in costs (21.1%) was absorbed by 
growers in the United Kingdom, where expenditure on plant protection 
products following heavy Infestation figured heavily in the accounts for 
1989. A quick glance at the average level of costs Is enough to show 
that producer costs stand in a very poor relationship to returns. With 
the exception of Spain and Portugal, the costs of producing one hectare 
of hops in the Member States were considerably higher than the returns 
obtained. On average in the Community, cultivation costs reached 
ECU 6 827 per hectare and were thus 25% higher than the average return 
per hectare. 
The fact that hop growers are prepared to carry on producing at prices 
that are so far from covering their costs Is attributable solely to the 
fact that fixed production costs are largely ignored and only a very 
modest return is looked for on the work done by growers themselves. In 
many cases, it is only when capital expenditure on replacement of assets 
becomes necessary that growers recognize that neither the capital write­
offs nor the interest charges on their equity are met by their returns. 
This revelation is often closely linked to a decision to quit 
product ion. 
3) 
- 17 -
Table 4: Production costs per hectare (In ECU) 
F.R. Germany 
France 
Be I g i um 
United Kingdom 
Ireland 
Spain 
Portugal 
E.E.C. 1988 
7.133 
7.067 
8.979 
3.801 
6.055 
3.835 
3.801 
6.460 1989 
7.402 
6.638 
9.313 
4.604 
5.746 
4.312 
4.146 
6.827 1989/1988 (%) 
3,8 
-6,1 
3,7 
21,1 
-5,1 
12,4 
9,1 
5.7 
3. Out iook 
Given that worldwide beer production is only rising slightly and that, in 
any case, consistent technological advances and the changing pattern of 
the types of beer consumed mean that any increase in beer production will 
be reflected in a proportionately lower increase in the demand for hops, 
it is clear that trading will be determined in the first instance by the 
volume of suppIies. 
Over the past three years, the worldwide area under hops has grown by 
almost 5 000 ha and has now reached a capacity level that could, given 
favorable natural conditions for yields, lead to considerable surplus 
problems within a short period of time. 1982 clearly showed that even a 
record harvest was enough to depress the world market for almost a 
decade. Given this situation, it is promising to note that no further 
significant increase in the worldwide area under hops is planned for 1990 
(see Annex, Table 1). There is little inducement in the Member States of 
the Community, given poor producer prices, to expand the area under hops. 
Efforts are directed rather more to a move away from traditional bitter 
varieties towards more marketable varieties. 
- 18 -
On the other hand, plans are afoot In the USA to further expand the area 
under hops by some 270 ha. This Is likely to be accompanied by a further 
conversion to aromatic and super-alpha varieties. 
So great is the price pressure exerted by super-alpha varieties over 
traditional bitter varieties that varietal conversion is set to continue 
worldwide. The present trend on the contract market shows that whilst a 
market will continue to exist for high-quality bitter hops, such as In 
particular the Northern Brewer variety, this does not exclude the 
necessity to adjust production capacities downwards. 
In addition to the splitting of the world market into one market segment 
for aromatic hops and another for bitter hops, an increasing distinction 
Is drawn In International trade between hops that are suitable for sale 
on the American market and those that may not be Imported into the USA as 
a result of plant health rules. Hops that are produced outside the 
United States for the US market but that cannot be disposed of in the 
United States owing to plant protection product residues are a drag on 
the rest of the world market and can disrupt the market considerably. 
The overall outlook for 1990 is for the market to stay on an even keel. 
The area under aromatic hops has grown to such an extent In recent years 
that there should be no shortage of supplies if the harvest is normal. 
The level of supplies of bitter hops, which are less likely to be under 
contract than aromatic hops, has a greater bearing on the average price 
level during the current marketing year. Increased supplies of 
super-alpha hops will also continue to bite into the market share of the 
traditional bitter varieties, in particular Brewer's Gold. 
Following three successive poor harvests and the resultant run-down of 
stocks, it would appear justified to assume that after several years of 
depressed prices upward movements are again likely. To what extent this 
will lead to any far-reaching improvement in the pattern of prices on the 
contract market remains to be seen. In light of the scale of existing 
production capacities, there can be no talk of any imminent recovery of 
the world market for hops. 
- 19 -
4. The Community hop market 
The common organization of the market in hops was established In 1971 on 
the basis of Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71. The aim was to Improve product 
quality and to safeguard the livelihood of hop growers. Since a 
deliberate decision was taken when setting up the market organization not 
to make any special arrangements for external trade or to introduce an 
intervention system, the Community hop sector is to a large extent 
subject to world market forces. 
The essential aspects of the basic Regulation which were dealt with In 
greater detail by subsequent, more specific Council or Commission 
regulations, are the marketing of hops under a certification procedure 
and on the basis of forward contracts, the recognition and promotion of 
producer groups and trade with non-member countries. In addition, there 
is provision for aid to be granted in respect of Community produced hops. 
The Community has two main financial responsibilities in this sector. 
Firstly, regular recourse is had to the possibility of granting producers 
per hectare aid in the event of poor yields. In 1988 per hectare aid was 
granted at the rate of ECU 330 for aromatic varieties and at a rate of 
ECU 390 for bitter varieties and for other varieties. Secondly, a 
special aid is payable under Regulation (EEC) No 2997/87 to encourage 
growers to convert to varieties more suited to market requirements. 
- 20 -
5. Current problems and developments affecting the hop sector in the 
Commun Ity 
5.1. Aid for varietal conversion 
The persistent Imbalance over many years between supply and demand for 
most bitter varieties and the resultant problems faced by hop growers in 
certain regions of the Community obliged the Council to adopt special 
measures for the hop sector In 1987. 
Regulation (EEC) No 2997/87 Introduced a special aid amounting to 
ECU 2 500/ha, subject to a maximum area of 800 ha Member State, to be 
granted to recognized producer groups that undertook to implement a 
conversion plan from bitter hop varieties to aromatic and super-alpha 
varieties. In June 1989 the Council adopted Regulation (EEC) No 1809/89 
amending Regulation (EEC) No 2989/87 with the aim of extending the range 
of producers who qualify for the varietal conversion programme. The new 
criteria now allow producers In the entire Community, and not only in 
specific areas as originally provided for, to take up the special aid. 
The provision that producer groups could only participate in the 
programme if the total area under hops cultivated by them did not 
increase in the period from 1986 to 1988 was also repealed. The 
extension of the duration of the programme from the original date of 31 
December 1990 to the end of 1992 gives producer groups a greater margin 
of manoeuvre for the implementation of the conversion plans. 
The take-up of Community varietal conversion programme amongst hop 
growers has been great. Six of the seven hop producing Member States have 
submitted varietal conversion programmes, some of which have already been 
revised on technical grounds or because of changes in the conditions for 
a i d (see Tab le 5). 
- 21 -
Table 5 Varietal conversion programmes submitted by the Member States 
under Regulation (EEC) No 2997/87 
Member 
States 
U.K. 
FRANCE 
GERMANY 
BELGIUM 
SPAIN 
PORTUGAL 
1 Or iglnal 
type of 
varlety 
Aromat ic 
Bitter 
Others 
Total 
Aromat ic 
Bitter 
Others 
Total 
Aromat ic 
Bitter 
Others 
Total 
Aromat ic 
Bitter 
Others 
Total 
Aromat ic 
Bitter 
Others 
Total 
Aromat ic 
Bitter 
Others 
Total 
Aromat ic 
r • • 
Total 
Approved so far 
(1.4.1990) To be converted to 
Aromatic Bitter, 
Super-alpha Total 
ha 
56 
74 
10 
140 
125 
125 
15+522*-567 
15+522*-567 
8 
54 
62 
6 
6 
-
-
64 
772 
64 
900 
348 369 
256 
22 
647 
45 
45 
233* 
233* 
10 
83 
93 
101 
101 
166 
166 
379 
801 
83 
1 .285 
1 .052 425 
330 
32 
787 
170 
170 
15+785*-800 
15+785*-800 
18 
137 
155 
107 
107 
166 
166 
433 
1 .573 
169 
2.185 
1 .400 
* The figures marked with an asterisk relate to areas which the Commission has 
not yet approved for conversion. 
- 22 -
The programmes submitted by the individual Member States provide 
primarily for the uprooting of the traditional bitter varieties Brewer's 
Gold and Northern Brewer, which have Increasingly been losing ground on 
the world market to the American super-alpha varieties. 
To date, the largest varietal conversion programme approved by the 
Commission was that for the United Kingdom, which covers an area of 
787 ha. The aid from the Community is primarily intended to replace a 
part of the traditional aromatic varieties (which are subject to wilt 
disease) by super-alpha varieties. The Target variety accounts for the 
bulk of the area In question with over 500 ha being converted to this 
var iety. 
Most of the areas covered by the conversion programme in Spain are being 
replanted with hops with a high bitter principle content. The hops 
concerned are a selected clone of the H-3 Leones variety, which is 
expected to be of super-alpha quality. The Community varietal conversion 
programme has provided an incentive to undertake a land consolidation 
project in the area concerned, aimed at resolving the problems of 
fragmentation and improving access and irrigation. In parallel with 
this, national measures are underway aimed at eradicating viruses and 
modernizing hop machinery. 
The Federal Republic of Germany has now submitted an amended varietal 
conversion programme, which takes up the full entitlement to the special 
aid (800 ha). The extent of the eligible area is, however, far from 
sufficient to satisfy the wish for financial support on the part of all 
those growers who would be willing to undertake conversion schemes in 
what is the largest hop-producing Member State. 
The Commission has approved a programme for Portugal aimed at converting 
the entire hop-growing area by 1992. The traditionally grown bitter 
variety Brewer's Gold is being replaced by the American super-alpha 
varieties Eroica, Galena and Nugget, which are expected to give a much 
higher alpha-acid yield per hectare. 
- 23 -
France has now revised the scope of Its varietal conversion programme 
downwards. Moreover, contrary to the Initial Intention, the bulk of the 
land will now be converted to aromatic varieties; only a third is 
scheduled for conversion to super-alpha varieties. 
Last year Belgium upped the area of land to be converted, which now 
amounts to some 37% of the total area under hops. 
5.2. International trade and plant health legislation 
A substantial proportion of Community hop production has always had to be 
sold on the world market. The major market segments for this trade are 
the USA and Japan. Exports to the USA were seriously threatened when, in 
1986, the American authorities began applying restrictive provisions on 
plant protection products to hop Imports. 
As production techniques now stand, the use of plant protection products 
is unavoidable in most producer countries. However, those plant 
protection products whose residues are tolerated in the USA do not 
generally correspond to the products authorized for use in the exporting 
countries. The scope for using plant protection treatments for hops that 
meet US standards is therefore limited in many producer countries and 
also entails significantly higher costs. 
The action of the American authorities created a significant obstacle to 
trade for the major exporting countries, the existence of which poses a 
permanent threat of widespread disruption of the world market.. Of the 
Community Member States this particularly affects the Federal Republic 
of Germany which has exported over 90 000 tr of hops to the USA in 
recent years. Only a few of the plant protection products approved for 
use on hops meet the American standards. The US-approved products are 
not aiways sufficiently effective and their exclusive use would, in 
addition to increasing costs sharply, also bring a risk of lower yields. 
Efforts have been made over the past few years to harmonize plant 
protection rules in the hop-producing countries. This has been done, on 
the one hand, within the framework of the International Hop Growers' 
Convention (IHGC) and, on the other hand, at a bilateral level, in 
particular between the Federal Republic of Germany and the USA. 
- 24 -
However, given the sensitivity that the subject of plant protection 
arouses in the public mind, in particular in countries that have 
stringent rules on the use of such products, there are few signs of any 
Inclination on the part of the countries concerned to abandon the 
positions they hold for the sake of harmonization. 
This means that the US market will remain virtually closed to a 
significant proportion of Community production. However, the longer 
uncertainty surrounds the trading of hops between the Community and the 
USA, the greater the risk that the Community may lose its share of this 
traditional export market for good. The strategy of the major American 
breweries is manifestly to reduce their dependence on European hop 
imports. This means that they will be looking particularly to domestic 
production. American hop growers are being encouraged by attractive 
forward contract prices to replace part of the volume of hops imported 
from their own production. The steadily growing area under aromatic 
hops in the USA is clear evidence that growers are reacting to this 
demand-led trend in the hoped-for manner. 
The Community's position in negotiations with the USA on plant 
protection rules is complicated by the fact that the Community has 
neither common rules or maximum permissible limits for residues nor 
uniform, Community-wide approval procedures for plant protection 
products. Both areas remain largely a matter of national competence. 
Given this unsatisfactory situation, which also has an adverse effect on 
intra-Community trade, the Commission has been active for some years in 
attempts to establish common rules. Proposals have been sent to the 
Council on both accounts, namely on how to tackle residues and on the 
procedures for authorizing plant protection products. 
(4) 
- 25 -
Conelus Ions 
in view of the above analysis of the present state and future prospects 
of the Community and world hop market, the Commission proposes that an 
income aid be granted to growers In respect of the 1989 harvest. The 
objectives of this aid are as follows: 
1. To provide limited support for growers' incomes, which have 
continued to suffer as a result of the unsatisfactory price levels 
Average returns per hectare, whihe have been falling sharply in 
recent years, showed only a slight increase. Although yields are 
higher than the year before this did not result in a significant 
Increase In growers' returns due a fall in prices. At the same 
time costs of production increased. However, in order not to 
encourage an expansion in hop acreage the amount of aid must remain 
at a controlled level. 
2. To take account of the differences in the returns obtained from the 
various groups of varieties 
The considerable gap in returns from aromatic varieties, on the one 
hand, and the returns from bitter varieties, on the other, has been 
narrowed down slightly by a decrease of 0.4 % for aromatic 
varieties and an increase of 3.2 % for bitter. Returns from other 
varieties have fallen once more. However, there remains a 
considerable difference in the level of returns from the individual 
var ietaI groups. 
Since the primary objective of the aid is to provide income support 
for hop growers, it would be unjustifiable to discontinue the 
present system whereby the level of aid is differentiated according 
to the types of variety grown. 
- 26 -
3. Not to place varietal group "others" at a disadvantage 
This group consists mainly of relatively new varieties. The 
development and commercial adoption of such varieties are in the 
Interest of the Community's hop industry and should therefore 
receive support. This would seem to justify increasing the aid for 
such varieties taking into consideration the decrease in returns 
from this varietal group and the increase in costs of production. 
The Commission proposes the following rates of aid: 
Variety group Aid (ECU/ha) 
Aromat i c var i et i es 340 
Bitter varieties 390 
Other varieties 400 
This proposal would mean a slight increase in the average rate of 
aid compared with that for 1988 and would bring it up to 363 
ECU/ha. Average income, including aid, from the areas in full 
production would therefore amount to ECU 5.498 ECU/ha (1988: 5.423 
ECU/ha; 1987: 5.429 ECU/ha). 
The figures for the various types of variety are as follows: 
Income in ECU/ha, including aid 
1989 1988 1987 1986 
Aromatic varieties 5.902 5.916 5.758 5.712 
Bitter varieties 5.023 4.881 5.097 4.800 
Other varieties 4.493 4.586 4.809 3.852 
The cost of this proposal to the EAGGF Guarantee Section would be 
ECU 9.5 million (i.e. ECU 11.0 million once the dual rate 
coefficient has been applied), as compared with ECU 9.4 million for 
the harvest. 
Table 1: AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS, ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1989 
T 1 
Country 
F. R. G . 
France 
Belg i urn 
United Kingdom 
Spain 
Portugal 
Ireland 
EEC-12 
U.S.A 
Australia 
Yugos 1 :iv ia 
Czeehos1ovakia 
G.l).l< 
Poland 
Hungary 
Bulgaria 
Total IHGC(-EEC) 
Total IHGC(+EEC) 
Japan 
USSR 
Romania 
China 
North Korea 
Others 
World total : 11 : 
: Area : 
: ha : 
: 1989 : 
: 19 938 : 
: 529 : 
: 402 : 
: 3 743 : 
: 1 443 : 
: 142 : 
21 : 
: :>h 218 : 
: M y«l : 
: 1 113 : 
: l, :'(J4 : 
: 1 1 'iSO : 
: :> 240 : 
: 2 Ml : 
: 441 : 
: 930 : 
: 36 251 : 
: 62 469 : 
: 935 : 
: 15 000 : 
: 2 600 : 
: 5 000 : 
: 2 000 : 
: 2 500 : 
: 90 504 : 11a . 
Area : 
ha : 
( + /-) : 
1989-88 : 
156 : 
40 : 
- 16 : 
- 135 : 
- 56 : 
- 8 : 
± ° : 
- 19 : 
257 : 
- 2 : 
16 : 
0 : 
- 80 : 
- 13 : 
- 54 : 
0 : 
124 : 
-105 : 
- 45 : 
0 : 
400 • 
0 : 
0 : 
0 : 
460 : lib 
Area : 
ha : 
(+/-) : 
1989-80 : 
1 984 : 
- 228 : 
- 421 : 
- 1 975 : 
- 409 « 
- 50 . 
- 54 : 
- 1 153 : 
-1 021 
- 42 : 
49 : 
850 . 
84 : 
- 102 • 
- 115 . 
- 650 : 
- 947 : 
- 2 100 : 
- 226 : 
1 000 : 
1 600 . 
2 000 : 
1 500 : 
331 . 
4 105 . Ill : 
Production : 
Ztr : 
1989 
638 782 : 
15 260 : 
12 456 : 
94 388 : 
45 392 : 
4 949 : 
512 : 
811 739 : 
538 200 : 
49 460 : 
83 000 : 
245 460 : 
60 000 : 
49 000 : 
12 000 : 
15 600 : 
1 052 720 : 
1 864 459 : 
38 780 : 
200 000 : 
32 000 : 
140 000 : 
24 000 : 
66 000 : 
2 365 239 : IV 
Yield 
t/ha 
1989 
1,60 
1,44 
1,55 
1,26 
1,57 
1,74 
1,19 
1,55 
1,93 
2,22 
1 ,30 
1,03 
1,34 
1,03 
1,36 
0,82 
1.45 
1,49 
2,07 
0,67 
0,57 
1,40 
0,60 
1,32 
1,30 : V 
:Product. : 
: Alpha T : 
: 1989 : 
: 1 812 : 
28 : 
: 36 . 
: 385 : 
: 175 : 
: 17 : 
: 2 : 
: 2 455 ; 
: 2 386 : 
: 247 : 
: 280 : 
: 442 : 
: 200 : 
129 : 
: 36 : 
: 46 : 
: 3 766 : 
: 6 221 : 
: 100 : 
: 300 : 
70 : 
420 : 
70 : 
: 255 : 
: 7 436 : VI : 
Percent : 
Alpha : 
1989 : 
5,7 : 
3,7 : 
5,7 : 
8,2 : 
7.7 : 
6,9 : 
8.8 : 
6,0 : 
8,9 : 
10,0 : 
6,7 : 
3.6 : 
6.7 : 
5,3 : 
6,0 : 
6,0 : 
7,2 : 
6,7 : 
5,2 : 
3,0 : 
4,4 : 
6,0 : 
5,8 : 
7,7 : 
6,3 : VII : 
Yield : 
alpha : 
kg/ha : 
1989 : 
90,9 : 
54,0 : 
88,7 : 
103,0 : 
121,3 : 
120,3 : 
105,2 : 
92,6 : 
170,7 : 
222,3 : 
87,4 : 
37.0 : 
89.3 : 
54.4 : 
82.1 : 
48,9 : 
103,9 : 
99,6 : 
107,0 : 
20,0 : 
25,0 : 
84,0 : 
35,0 : 
102,0 : 
82,2 : VIII 
Beer prod. 
m/hl 
(Barth) 
1989 
93,2 
20,9 
14,0 
60,1 
27,2 
6,8 
5,4 
269,8 
231,5 
18,7 
12,0 
23,0 
24,8 
12,4 
9,4 
7,0 
338,8 
608,6 
61,0 
56,0 
13,0 
60,0 
1,0 
302,4 
1 102,0 : IX 
: Forecast 
: Area 
: ha 
: 1990 
: 19 950 
: 550 
: 420 
: 3 715 
: 1 440 
: 150 
: 18 
: 26 243 
: 14 250 
: 1 113 
: 3 204 
: 11 950 
: 2 100 
: 2 410 
: 410 
: 950 
: 36 387 
: 62 630 
: 950 
: 15 000 
: 2 600 
: 5 000 
: 2 000 
: 2 500 
: 90 680 : X : 
: Area : 
: Change : 
: ha : 
: 1990-89 : 
: 12 : 
: 21 : 
: 18 : 
: - 28 : 
: - 3 
: 8 
: - 3 
: 25 : 
: 269 : 
: 0 : 
: 0 : 
: 0 : 
: - 140 : 
: 38 : 
: - 31 : 
: 0 : 
: 136 : 
: 161 : 
: 15 : 
: 0 : 
: 0 : 
: 0 : 
: 0 : 
: 0 : 
: 176 : 
n 
Table la: AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS, ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 
1988 
: I : 
: Country : 
: F.R.G. 
: France 
: Belgium : 
: United Kingdom 
: Spain 
: Portugal 
: Ireland 
: EEC-12 
: U.S.A. 
: Australia 
: Yugoslavia 
: Czechoslivakia 
: G.D.R. 
: Poland 
: Hungary 
:Total IHGC(-EEC) 
:Total IHGC(+EEC) 
: Japan 
: USSR 
: Romania 
: Bulgaria 
: China 
: Others 
: World total II : 
Area : 
ha 
1988 : 
19 782 -
489 : 
418 
3 878 
: 1 499 
150 
21 
: 26 237 
: 13 724 
1 115 
3 188 
11 950 
2 320 
2 385 
495 
35 177 
• 61 414 
: 980 
: 15 000 
: 2 200 
: 950 
: 5 000 
: 4 500 
: 90 044 III : 
Production : 
Ztr : 
1988 : 
591 591 : 
15 823 : 
12 036 : 
98 308 
: 32 486 
: 3 087 
: 557 
: 753 888 
: 494 939 
: 47 200 
: 96 000 
: 307 400 
: 63 139 
: 57 000 
: 12 756 
: 1 078 434 
: 1 832 322 
: 37 000 
: 200 000 
: 32 000 
: 15 710 
: 150 000 
: 140 000 
: 2 407 032 IV : 
Yield : 
t/ha : 
1988 : 
1,50 : 
1,62 : 
1,44 : 
1,27 
1,08 
1,03 
1,30 
1,44 
1,80 
2,12 
1,51 
1,29 
1,36 
1,19 
1,29 
: 1,53 
1,49 
: 1,89 
: 0,67 
: 0,73 
: 1,83 
: 1,50 
: 1,56 
: 1,34 V : 
Product.: 
Alpha t : 
1988 : 
1 597 : 
36 : 
45 : 
395 
158 
11 
: 2 
: 2 244 
: 2 202 
: 236 
: 304 
: 615 
: 227 
: 127 
: 33 
: 3 744 
: 5 988 
: 111 
: 300 
: 67 
: 43 
: 488 
: 395 
: 7 382 VI : 
Percent : 
Alpha : 
1988 : 
5.4 : 
4.5 : 
7,4 : 
8,0 • 
9,7 . 
7,2 
8,3 
6,0 
: 8,9 
: 10,0 
: 6,3 
4,0 
: 7,2 
: 4,5 
: 5,1 
: 6,9 
: 6,5 
: 6,0 
: 3,0 
: 4,2 
: 5,5 
: 6,5 
: 5,5 
: 6,1 VII : 
Yield : 
Alpha : 
kg/ha : 
1988 : 
80.7 -
72.8 . 
106,5 • 
101,4 
105,1 
74,1 
107,6 
85,5 
160,5 
211,7 
95,3 
51,4 
97,7 
. 53,8 
. 65,7 
: 106,4 
: 97,5 
: 113,3 
: 20,0 
: 30,5 
: 45,2 
: 97,5 
: 85,6 
: 82,0 VIII : 
Beer prod. : 
m/hl : 
(Barth) : 
1988 : 
92,7 : 
19,5 : 
14,0 : 
60,3 : 
27,0 : 
5,5 : 
5,4 : 
265,1 : 
230,0 : 
19,5 : 
: 11,0 : 
: 22,7 : 
: 25,0 : 
: 12,3 : 
: 9,5 : 
: 330,0 : 
: 595,1 : 
: 53,5 : 
: 50,0 : 
: 10,0 : 
: 7,0 : 
: 55,0 : 
: 279,4 : 
: 1 050,0 : 
« 
Table lb: AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS, ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER 
COUNTRIES 1987 
: I : 
: Country : 
: F.R.G. : 
: France : 
: Belgium : 
: United Kingdom : 
: Spain : 
: Portugal : 
: Ireland : 
: EEC-12 : 
: U.S.A. : 
: Australia : 
: Yugoslavia : 
: Czechoslivakia ' 
: G.D.R. 
: Poland 
: Hungary : 
:Total IHGC(-EEC): 
:Total IHGC(+EEC). 
: Japan 
: USSR 
: Romania 
: Bulgaria 
: China 
: Others 
: World total II : 
Area : 
ha : 
1987 : 
19 310 : 
559 : 
436 . 
3 945 -
I 578 
160 
34 
26 022 
11 453 
764 
3 197 
11 900 
2 360 
2 445 
515 
32 634 
58 656 
996 
15 000 
: 2 200 
950 
: 5 200 
: 4 273 
: 87 275 III : 
Production : 
Ztr : 
1987 : 
620 736 : 
14 204 : 
14 942 : 
103 476 : 
36 978 : 
6 430 : 
826 -
797 592 • 
454 033 
37 980 
108 300 , 
238 350 
71 500 
52 058 
13 311 
975 532 
: 1 773 125 
: 36 340 
: 220 000 
: 34 000 
: 14 020 
: 200 000 
: 89 012 
: 2 366 497 IV : 
Yield : 
t/ha : 
1987 : 
1,61 : 
1,27 : 
1,71 : 
1,32 : 
1,17 « 
2,01 : 
1,20 : 
1,53 
1,98 . 
2,49 
1,70 
1,00 
1,51 
1,06 
.1,29 
. 1,49 
: 1,51 
: 1,82 
: 0,73 
: 0,77 
: 0,74 
: 1,92 
: 1,04 
: 1,36 V : 
Product.: 
Alpha t : 
1987 : 
2 123 : 
47 : 
78 : 
475 : 
140 : 
21 : 
4 : 
2 888 
2 520 . 
184 
298 
465 
307 
103 
31 
: 3 908 
: 6 796 
: 98 
: 385 
: 76 
: 42 
: 750 
: 267 
: 8 414 VI : 
Percent : 
Alpha : 
1987 : 
6,84 : 
6,66 : 
10,40 : 
9,19 : 
7,58 : 
6,49 : 
9,66 : 
7,24 : 
11,10 : 
9,80 « 
5,50 
3,90 
8,60 
: 5,29 
: 4,60 
: 8,01 
: 7,66 
: 5,39 
: 3,50 
: 4,49 
: 5,97 
: 7,50 
: 6,00 
: 7,11 VII : 
Yield : 
Alpha : 
kg/ha : 
1987 : 
109,94 : 
84,08 : 
178,90 : 
121,45 : 
88,72 : 
131,25 : 
117,65 . 
111,12 : 
220,02 : 
240,84 : 
93,21 : 
39,06 
130,27 
42,13 
: 59,22 
: 119,75 
: 115,93 
: 98,40 
: 25,67 
: 34,55 
: 39,89 
: 144,42 
: 62,49 
: 96,45 VIII : 
Beer prod. : 
m/hl : 
(Barth) : 
1987 : 
92.8 : 
19.9 : 
14,0 : 
59,9 : 
25,8 : 
5,0 : 
5,4 : 
262,6 : 
229,3 : 
18,8 : 
11,8 : 
22,8 : 
25,0 : 
11,6 : 
9,5 : 
328,8 : 
: 591,4 : 
: 53,5 : 
: 50,0 : 
: 10,0 : 
: 7,0 : 
: 50,0 : 
: 282,3 : 
: 1 044,2 : 
1° 
Table le: AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS, ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER 
COUNTRIES 1986 
: I ; 
: Country : 
: F.R.G. : 
: France : 
: Belgium : 
: United Kingdom : 
: Spain : 
: Portugal : 
: Ireland : 
: EEC-12 
: U.S.A. 
: Australia 
: Yugoslavia 
: Czechoslivakia 
: G.D.R. 
: Poland 
: Hungary 
:Total IHGC & EEC 
: Japan 
: USSR 
: Romania 
: Bulgaria 
: China 
: Others 
: World total II : 
Area : 
ha : 
1986 : 
19 649 : 
599 : 
577 : 
4 232 : 
1 616 : 
163 . 
34 
26 871 -
10 091 
755 
3 271 
11 950 
2 370 
2 433 
512 
58 253 
: 1 052 
: 15 300 
: 1 800 
: 967 
: 5 190 
: 3 137 
: 85 699 III : 
Production : 
Ztr : 
1986 : 
679 772 : 
21 730 : 
20 327 : 
101 416 : 
40 08 7 : 
6 589 
286 
870 207 
444 684 
37 700 
91 200 
210 000 
76 200 
54 000 
: 12 833 
: 1 796 824 
: 37 680 
: 214 000 
: 34 000 
: 14 400 
: 200 000 
: 75 551 
: 2 372 455 IV : 
Yield : 
t/ha : 
1986 : 
1,73 : 
1,81 : 
1,76 : 
1,20 : 
1,24 : 
2,02 : 
0,42 ' 
1,62 
2,20 
2,50 
1,39 
0,88 
. 1,61 
: 1,11 
: 1,25 
: 1,54 
: 1,79 
: 0,70 
: 0,94 
: 0,74 
: 1,93 
: 1,20 
: 1,38 V : 
Product.: 
Alpha t : 
1986 : 
1 985 : 
45 : 
59 : 
376 : 
140 : 
20 : 
1 : 
2 627 : 
2 157 -
111 
261 
: 441 
: 255 
: 143 
: 40 
: 6 106 
: 101 
: 375 
: 76 
: 43 
: 600 
: 227 
: 7 528 VI : 
Percent : 
Alpha : 
1986 : 
5,84 : 
4,18 : 
5,84 : 
7,42 : 
6,98 : 
6,00 
5,45 
6,04 
9,70 
9,40 
5,86 
4,20 
6,69 
: 5,29 
: 6,16 
: 6,80 
: 5,39 
: 3,50 
: 4,49 
: 5,97 
: 6,00 
: 6,00 
: 6,35 VII : 
Yield : 
Alpha : 
kg/ha : 
1986 : 
101,04 : 
75,76 : 
102,86 : 
88,85 : 
86,57 : 
121,24 : 
22,73 : 
97,75 : 
213,75 -
234,70 
81,63 
36,90 
• 107,59 
: 58,73 
: 77,15 
: 104,82 
: 96,47 
: 24,48 
: 42,37 
: 44,47 
: 85,71 
: 72,25 
: 86,04 VIII : 
Beer prod. : 
m/hl : 
(Barth) : 
1986 : 
94,10 : 
20,66 : 
11,08 : 
59,17 : 
24,13 : 
3,95 : 
5,46 : 
261,60 : 
230,55 : 
18,72 : 
10,50 : 
22,78 : 
24,30 : 
11,38 : 
: 9,22 : 
: 589,05 : 
: 49,98 : 
: 55,00 : 
: 11,00 : 
: 9,00 : 
: 40,00 : 
: 26,19 : 
: 1 015,31 : 
3< 
Table Id: AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS, ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER 
COUNTRIES 1985 
: I : 
: Country : 
: F.R.G. : 
: France : 
: Belgium : 
: United Kingdom : 
: Ireland : 
: Greece : 
: EEC-10 : 
: U.S.A : 
: Australia : 
: Yugoslavia 
: Spain 
: Czechoslovakia 
: G.D.R. 
: Poland 
: Hungary 
: Total IHGC & EEC 
: Japan 
: USSR 
: Romania* 
: Bulgaria 
: China 
: Others 
: World total II : 
Area : 
ha : 
1985 : 
19 598 : 
655 : 
701 : 
4 749 . 
45 : 
0 . 
25 748 
11 533 
757 
3 354 
2 003 
11 950 
2 420 
2 503 
518 
60 786 
1 052 
: 15 300 
: 1 800 
: 962 
: 3 500 
: 3 300 
: 85 700 III : 
Production : 
Ztr 
1985 : 
713 939 : 
25 145 : 
22 820 : 
129 935 : 
1 041 : 
0 : 
892 880 : 
450 989 : 
37 703 : 
103 440 : 
64 963 
225 560 -
67 920 
54 940 
12 313 
1 940 708 
37 680 
: 212 000 
34 000 
: 13 197 
: 100 000 
: 82 140 
: 2 419 725 IV : 
Yield : 
t/ha : 
1985 : 
1,82 : 
1,92 : 
1,63 : 
1,37 . 
1,17 . 
1,73 
1,96 
2,49 
1,54 
1,62 
1,07 
1,40 
1,10 
1,19 
1,60 
1,79 
: 0,69 
: 0,94 
: 0,69 
: 1,43 
: 1,24 
: 1,40 V : 
Product.: 
Alpha t : 
1985 : 
1 985 : 
58 : 
68 : 
514 : 
5 : 
2 540 : 
1 781 ' 
169 : 
286 
211 
447 
231 
155 
33 
: 5 853 
101 
: 371 
: 76 
: 42 
: 300 
: 246 
: 6 990 VI : 
Percent : 
Alpha : 
1985 : 
5,31 : 
4,60 : 
6,00 : 
7,91 : 
8,87 : 
0,00 : 
5,69 : 
7,90 : 
8,98 : 
5,53 
6.49 : 
3.50 : 
6,80 
5,62 
5,36 
6,03 
: 5,39 
: 3,50 
: 4,49 
: 6,37 
: 6,00 
: 6,00 
: 5,78 VII : 
Yield : 
Alpha : 
kg/ha : 
1985 : 
96,69 : 
88,31 : 
97,65 : 
108,23 : 
103,75 : 
0,00 : 
98,65 : 
154,43 . 
223,65 • 
85,27 
105,30 
37,41 
95,45 
61,73 
63,71 
: 96,28 
: 96,45 
: 24,25 
: 42,37 
: 43,66 
: 85,71 
: 74,67 
: 80,62 VIII : 
Beer prod. : 
m/hl : 
(Barth) : 
1985 : 
93,29 : 
20,80 : 
14,50 : 
62,50 : 
5,51 : 
2,97 : 
129,68 : 
226,83 : 
18.50 : 
10.51 : 
23,35 : 
22,35 : 
25,00 : 
10,80 : 
8,77 : 
: 475,80 : 
47,46 : 
: 60,00 : 
: 11,50 : 
: 5,50 : 
: 32,00 : 
: 350,12 : 
: 982,37 : 
(*) No change compared with 1984. 
DC VI-E-4 
06/03/90 
D ha 
1 
P 
X 
f ha 
1 
P 
X 
8 ha 
1 
P 
X 
UK ha 
1 
P 
X 
IN. ha 
1 
P 
X 
EST ha 
1 
P 
X 
P ha 
1 
P 
X 
EEC ha 
1 
P 
X 19938 
103 
rex 
$28 
«9 
402 
47 
3742 
64 
1443 
72 
142 
7» 
26218 
M 
100X 19782 
103 
489 
64 
418 
49 
3876 
66 Total 
1987 
19310 
100 Tabla 2:MOPS: Araa Cultivated, by mambar «tat* and varlaty group - 1981, 1986 thru 1989 
Arana Blttar 
1989 1988 1987 1986 1981 1989 1988 1967 1986 Othara 
1987 
OX 
1499 
74 
ISO 
64 
26237 
90 
100% SS9 
73 
436 
SI 
3945 
67 
1578 
78 
160 
69 
26023 
90 
100X 19649 
102 
699 
91 
S78 
68 
4232 
72 
1616 
60 
163 
91 
26873 
93 19190 
100 
760 
100 
3X 
646 
100 
5803 
100 
76 
100 
2003 
100 
176 
100 
2885S 
100 13736 
129 
69X 
93% 
403 
207 
76X 
3% 
134 
64 
33% 
IX 
SI 
39% 
10% 
6 
SO 
29X 
ox 
3 
37 
OX 
OX 
ox 
ox 
14739 
106 
sex 
100% 12165 
114 
61% 
85% 
345 
177 
71X 
2X 
129 
81 
31X 
1X 
1605 
$6 
4IX 
11X 
S 
41 
24X 
OX 
6 
100 
IX 
ox 
0% 
0% 
14258 
103 
S4X 
100% 11316 
106 
59% 
84% 
312 
160 
56% 
» 
127 
79 
29% 
IX 
1739 
61 
44X 
13X 
6 
50 
17X 
OX 
9 
112 
IX 
OX 
0% 
0% 
13511 
97 
52% 
100% 11001 
103 
56% 
83% 
241 
124 
34X 
2X 
107 
67 
19X 
IX 
1836 
64 
43% 
14% 
SO 
17X 
OX 
9 
112 
IX 
OX 
0% 
0% 
13199 
95 
49% 
100% 10616 
100 
S5X 
77X 
194 
100 
26X 
IX 
1S9 
100 
19X 
IX 
2644 
100 
49% 
2IX 
12 
100 
16X 
OX 
6 
100 
OX 
ox 
ox 
ox 
13833 
100 
4SX 
100% 6896 
84 
3SX 
63X 
118 
25 
22% 
IX 
2SS 
39 
63X 
2% 
2194 
76 
S9X 
20% 
16 
26 
76% 
OX 
1440 
72 
100X 
13X 
142 
79 
100% 
IX 
10999 
75 
42X 
100% 7236 
66 
37X 
63% 
139 
29 
28% 
1% 
274 
42 
68% 
2X 
2142 
74 
ssx 
19X 
16 
25 
76X 
OX 
1491 
74 
9SX 
13X 
150 
64 
100% 
IX 
76 
44X 
100% 7602 
92 
39% 
63X 
24S 
$2 
44X 
» 
292 
45 
67X 
2X 
2076 
72 
S3X 
17X 
29 
46 
63X 
OX 
1669 
76 
99X 
13X 
160 
69 
100% 
IX 
11975 
62 
46X 
100X 8223 
100 
42% 
63% 
358 
78 
SIX 
3% 
69 
78% 
3X 
2263 
76 
S3X 
17X 
29 
46 
83% 
OX 
1606 
80 
100X 
12X 
163 
91 
100% 
IX 
13092 
90 
49X 
100% 6192 
100 
43X 
sex 
466 
100 
61X 
3X 
100 
77X 
4% 
2676 
100 
SOX 
20X 
63 
100 
84X 
OX 
1998 
100 
100% 
14X 
176 
100 
100X 
1X 
14612 
100 
SOX 
100X 391 
102 
2X 
81X 
8 
133 
2X 
2X 
14 
as 
3% 
3% 
» 
17X 
OX 
OX 
OX 
ox 
ox 
ox 
94 
2X 
100% 381 
99 
2X 
72X 
4 
$6 
TX 
IX 
16 
41 
4X 
3X 
131 
1S7 
» 2SX 
OX 
ox 
ox 
ox 390 
102 
2X 
7» 
2 
33 
OX 
OX 
17 
43 
4X 
3X 
128 
164 
3X 
24X 
OX 
OX 
OX 
OX 42S 
111 
2X 
73X 
1 
16 
OX 
OX 
23 
68 
4X 
4X 
133 
160 
3X 
23% 
1 
3X 
OX 
OX 
OX 382 
100 
2X 
7SX 
6 
100 
IX 
TX 
39 
100 
SX 
ex 
83 
100 
TX 
16X 
OX 
OX £ 
632 637 
104 106 
2% 2X 
100X 100X 662 S10 
114 100 
2% 2X 
100% 10OX 
ha:hactar*t 
1iIndex (baa* 1981-100) 
P:poreantag« of total area 
X:p*re*ntag* of total EEC production 
Table 3: BALANCE OF PRODUCTION AROMATIC AND BITTER VARIETIES (ZENTNERS) 1984 - 1989 
.R.G. 
France 
Belgium 
United Kingdom 
Ireland 
Spain 
Portugal 
EEC 
U.S.A. 
Australia 
Yugoslavia 
C2echos1ovaki<i 
(.,.DR. 
Poland 
Hungary 
China 
USSR 
Others 
TOTAL 1384 
Aroma . : Bitter 
350 698 
1 802 
4 484 
64 876 
176 
97 604 
80 
1?0 180 
216 8M4 
S 0/0 
53 500 
3 690 
200 000 
1 122 354 359 624 
20 621 
24 182 
93 124 
56 718 
111 935 
52 212 
58 030 
1 400 
7 900 
100 000 
164 691 
1 350 137 1985 
Aroma : Bitter 
372 235 
5 744 
4 076 
55 015 
200 
95 472 
45 
103 440 
255 560 
5 440 
53 260 
3 540 
212 000 
1 166 027 340 267 
19 594 
18 743 
74 746 
64 763 
355 517 
37 658 
62 480 
1 680 
8 773 
100 000 
169 477 
1 253 698 19J6. 
Aroma : Bitter 
348 803 
6 681 
3 790 
45 053 
120 
86 464 
50 
91 200 
210 000 
4 020 
51 600 
3 394 
214 000 
1 065 175 330 969 
15 049 
16 538 
56 363 
39 967 
358 220 
37 650 
72 180 
2 400 
9 439 
100 000 
168 505 
1 207 280 1987 
Aroma : Bitter 
316 962 
7 408 
3 722 
43 430 
90 
105 
371 717 
75 675 
480 
108 300 
238 350 
2 156 
48 158 
3 156 
220 000 
1 500 
1 069 492 291 819 
6 787 
10 705 
57 387 
736 
36 873 
6 430 
410 737 
378 358 
37 500 
69 354 
3 900 
10 155 
200 000 
141 000 
1 251 004 Aroma : Bitter 
345 537 
10 803 
4 013 
41 972 
101 
56 
402 482 
143 160 
96 000 
307 400 
2 121 
53 100 
2 259 
200 000 
2 500 
1 209 022 234 957 
4 957 
7 516 
53 578 
456 
32 430 
3 087 
336 981 
351 779 
47 200 
61 018 
3 900 
10 497 
150 000 
124 600 
1 085 975 1319 
Aroma Bitter 
388 216 
11 117 
4 818 
37 401 
94 
30 
441 676 
191 770 
2 260 
64 600 
245 460 
700 
44 800 
1 560 
200 000 
8 700 
1 201 526 238 906 
3 981 
7 198 
55 167 
419 
45 361 
4 949 
351 032 
346 435 
47 200 
18 400 
59 300 
4 200 
10 434 
140 000 
167 700 
1 144 701 v-0 
H 
Table h: ESTIMATED FORWARD SALES 1990 - 1994 
: Country 
: F.R.G. 
: France 
: Belgium 
: United Kingdom 
: Spain 
: Ireland 
: EEC 
: U.S.A. 
: Australia 
: Yugoslavia 
: Czechoslovakia 
: G.D.R. 
: Poland 
: Hungary 
: TOTAL IHGC Estimated forward sales (zentners) 
1990 : 
530 000 
14 570 
2 800 
87 000 
42 100 
250 
676 720 
403 700 
40 000 
45 400 
225 000 
60 000 
47 500 
12 000 
1 510 320 1991 
420 000 
13 350 
1 800 ' 
63 000 
43 100 
100 
541 350 
322 000 
34 600 
20 500 
200 000 
50 000 
47 500 
12 000 
1 227 950 1992 : 
350 000 ' 
13 850 
42 000 
40 000 
100 
445 950 
227 400 
29 700 
19 000 
75 000 
45 000 
842 050 1993 
250 000 
13 275 
15 000 
40 000 
318 275 
: 42 400 
24 700 
14 700 
50 000 
43 500 
: 493 575 1994 : 
150 000 : 
3 000 : 
153 000 : 
8 900 : 
50 000 : 
41 000 : 
252 900 : 
Source : IHGC March 1990 
TABLE 5 : HOPS: WORLD PRODUCTION 1971 - 1989 
: YEAR : 
: u>/i : 
: 1972 : 
: 1973 : 
: 1974 : 
: 1975 : 
: 1976 : 
: 1977 : 
: 1978 : 
• 1979 : 
1.980 : 
1981 : 
: 1982 : 
• ",9K3 . 
984 : 
' 3"S- : 
..! *)i\h : 
: 198/ : 
: 1988 -
: '989 : 
AVERAGE 
INEEX '89 
(1971 = 1C 
INDEX '89 
( 1079 = 1( AREA : 
HA : 
75 042 : 
78 015 : 
81 247 : 
82 083 : 
80 527 : 
78 206 : 
79 262 : 
80 230 : 
81 224 : 
86 348 : 
92 434 : 
95 532 : 
92 688 : 
88 701 : 
86 700 : 
85 699 : 
87 274 : 
90 044 : 
90 504 : 
84 829 
120 
)0) 
104 
>0) PRODUCTION : 
ZTR : 
1 921 000 : 
2 103 440 : 
2 366 020 : 
2 223 520 : 
2 270 040 : 
2 135 200 : 
2 355 920 : 
2 200 173 : 
2 3V; H48 : 
2 378 772 : 
2 652 833 : 
2 966 785 : 
2 651 851 : 
2 472 791 : 
2 419 725 : 
2 372 455 : 
2 366 497 : 
2 407 032 : 
2 365 239 : 
2 36 7 849 
123 
100 = PROD : 
TONNES : 
96 050 : 
105 172 : 
118 301 : 
111 176 : 
113 502 : 
106 760 : 
117 796 : 
110 009 : 
117 992 : 
118 939 : 
1 .J2 642 : 
148 339 : 
132 593 : 
123 640 : 
120 986 : 
118 622 : 
118 324 : 
120 352 : 
118 262 : 
118 392 
123 
100 YIELD : 
T/HA : 
1,28 : 
1,35 : 
1,46 : 
1.35 : 
1,41 : 
1,37 : 
1,49 : 
1.37 : 
1,45 : 
1.38 : 
1,43 : 
1,55 : 
1,43 : 
1.39 : 
1.40 : 
] ,38 : 
1.36 : 
1,34 : 
1,30 : 
1,39 
101 
96 ALPHA : 
TONNES : 
5 377 : 
6 174 : 
7 468 : 
6 627 : 
7 230 : 
6 137 : 
7 066 : 
6 374 : 
7 348 : 
7 046 : 
7 997 : 
8 805 : 
7 543 : 
8 165 : 
6 990 : 
7 528 : 
8 414 : 
7 382 : 
7 436 : 
7 216 
138 
98 % ALPHA : 
5,60 : 
5,87 : 
6,31 : 
5,96 : 
6,37 : 
5,75 : 
6,00 : 
5,79 : 
6,23 : 
5,92 : 
6,03 : 
5,94 
5,69 : 
6,60 : 
5,78 : 
6,35 : 
7,11 : 
6,10 : 
6,29 : 
6,09 
112 
97 ALPHA : 
KG/HA : 
71,65 : 
79.14 : 
91,92 : 
80,74 : 
89,78 : 
78,47 : 
89.15 : 
79,45 : 
90.4 7 : 
81,60 
86,52 : 
92,17 : 
81,38 : 
92.05 : 
80,62 : 
86,04 : 
96,45 : 
81,98 : 
82.16 : 
84,81 
114 
93 BEER 
PROD. : 
million : 
hi : 
658 : 
689 : 
731 : 
771 : 
802 : 
826 : 
848 : 
875 : 
911 : 
936 : 
954 : 
970 
970 : 
970 : 
982 : 
990 : 
1 044 : 
1 050 : 
1 090 : 
898 
165 
98 CONTRACT : 
PRICE : 
FRG : 
DM/Ztr : 
353 : 
332 : 
331 : 
331 : 
331 : 
327 : 
319 : 
297 : 
324 : 
341 : 
377 : 
390 
405 : 
409 : 
401 : 
410 : 
405 : 
398 : 
387 : 
361 
109 
111 SPOT : 
PRICE : 
FRG : 
DM/Ztr : 
622 : 
372 : 
207 
235 : 
221 : 
264 : 
128 
290 : 
533 : 
1 400 
606 : 
167 
210 : 
191 : 
245 
151 : 
301 : 
378 : 
326 : 
360 
52 
67 AVE. 
PRICE 
USA 
$/Lb 
0,66 
0,71 
0,76 
0,80 
0,83 
0,85 
0,90 
0,90 
0,98 
1,51 
1,51 
1,74 
1,93 
2,15 
1,98 
1,74 
1,56 
1,51 
1,60 
1,32 
307 
134 
Source : EEC/I IUiC/Cornnu-r.: ia! and various sources. 
IablQ.6: WORLD BLEP PRODUCTION 19/7 I4«9 (! OOO hi) 
' iVANCF 
: ViALY 
• 'tTHERLMDS 
. r.i : CIU^ 
i ., UMBOURG 
';ViT£P KINGDOM 
• IRELAND 
DENMARK 
GREECE 
: PORTUGAL 
•• Oi'AIN 
• iOTAL. EEC (CBMC)( 1) 
'-T TAV EEC (BARTH)(1) 
. i N,''"A 
Vv/IL 
Mr.yico 
v. :N^UEI.A 
:.I)MB!A 
'•'•.''• AMERlcA 
..U'M'iNIA 
• LHiiT.AC-. /> 
' OL>\NU 
G D.R. 
i.JhCHOSLOVAKIA 
: HUNGARY 
• CUBA 
TOTAL COMECON 
: YUGOSLAVIA 
SOUTH AFRICA 
MTGFRI..' 
'•PAtf 
• .lUNA 
: AUl.fKALlA 
OTHER 
• iUTA. WORLD 
• 4 CHANGE P.A. 1977 
94 347 
22 771 
7 300 
13 9/0 
13 H19 
695 
65 2 3/ 
5 662 
8 534 
1 800 
18 600 
231 13b 
232 297 
200 165 
20 389 
23 000 
21 045 
7 500 
10 123 
30 3 469 
65 000 
7 910 
5 200 
12 069 
22 000 
22 500 
7 003 
3 500 
145 182 
9 5HM 
6 000 
3 315 
41 242 
1 750 
19 51 1 
67 415 
848 369 
2.74 1978 
91 656 
22 395 
7 962 
14 651 
13 .'I9r, 
68'1 
i)6 41b 
5 844 
8 094 
1 990 
18 653 
2 33 086 
233 424 
2 10 13 5 
20 386 
26 530 
21 994 
9 300 
10 c)64 
3 1 9 999 
65 000 
8 ISO 
b 160 
1 1 378 
2 3 000 
2 2 1)58 
7 244 
3 000 
II4 990 
10 "105 
6 0 00 
'1 890 
44 300 
4 UOO 
'9 511 
69 507 
«75 2 79 
•1,17 1979 
91 643 : 
22 405 : 
8 899 : 
15 388 . 
13 681 : 
: 712 : 
6 7 4 16: 
6 039 
: 8 125 : 
: 2 482 : 
19 712 : 
: 2 36 790 : 
: 237 078 . 
: 215 809 : 
20 540 : 
28 000 : 
24 649 : 
10 000 : 
11 354 . 
: .13 1 69 1 : 
: 70 000 
8 300 
5 500 
11 12 7 . 
23 000 ; 
23 610 : 
7 500 
2 30 7 : 
151 344 . 
M 2 54 • 
6 800 
6 710 : 
44 758 • 
6 460 : 
19 678 . 
75 260 : 
: 9 10 74 5 : 
: 4,05 1980 
92 342 : 
21 684 ; 
8 569 : 
15 684 : 
14 291 : 
729 : 
64 830 : 
6 000 : 
8 169 : 
2 500 : 
20 027 : 
234 798 : 
238 040 : 
227 746 : 
20 669 : 
29 500 : 
26 019 : 
12 500 : 
12 300 ; 
351 540 : 
65 000 : 
8 500 : 
5 400 : 
11 185 . 
24 000 : 
23 393 : 
7 800 : 
2 365 : 
147 643 : 
11 712 • 
8 500 : 
7 850 : 
45 138 : 
8 920 : 
19 433 : 
77 529 : 
936 332 : 
2,81 : 1981 
93 721 
21 695 
9 021 
16 639 
13 811 
778 
61 721 
5 835 
8 185 
2 800 
20 924 
234 206 
237 337 
228 950 
21 014 
29 500 
20 321 
12 000 
12 000 
356 899 
65 000 
11 500 
5 400 
11 300 
24 000 
23 934 
7 800 
2 400 
151 334 
I 2 000 
10 245 
8 000 
46 480 
II 380 
20 170 
79 514 
954 283 
1 ,92 1982 
94 826 
22 331 
10 153 
16 180 
14 629 
751 
58 149 
5 638 
8 468 
2 850 
21 499 
233 975 
235 928 
228 050 
23 667 
29 500 
27 583 
12 000 
13 438 
358 468 
68 000 
1 1 500 
6 000 
10 300 
25 000 
24 921 
7 825 
2 400 
155 946 
1 3 402 
12 000 
10 380 
47 335 
13 840 
19 682 
81 508 
969 988 
1 ,65 1983 
94 983 
21 803 
10 111 
17 327 
14 225 
651 
60 324 
5 464 
8 734 
2 800 
22 082 
236 422 
238 266 
230 331 
22 599 
29 000 
23 611 
11 769 
11 760 
352 579 
66 100 
11 500 
6 000 
10 076 
25 500 
24 956 
7 812 
2 400 
154 344 
1 2 378 
12 000 
10 000 
49 323 
16 300 
19 350 
83 464 
970 086 
0,01 1984 
92 583 : 
20 673 : 
9 143 : 
17 049 : 
14 311 : 
634 : 
60 105 : 
5 423 : 
8 499 : 
3 000 : 
21 832 : 
231 420 : 
233 222 : 
226 490 : 
23 012 . 
28 350 . 
25 082 : 
11 820 : 
14 500 : 
353 427 : 
66 100 : 
11 500 : 
5 500 : 
9 961 : 
26 000 : 
23 780 : 
7 912 : 
2 600 : 
153 353 : 
13 600 : 
13 000 : 
9 000 : 
46 689 : 
22 133 : 
18 949 : 
85 026 : 
970 231 : 
0,01 : 1985 
93 303 : 
20 297 : 
10 317 : 
17 531 : 
13 931 : 
738 : 
59 655 : 
5 537 : 
7 924 : 
2 970 : 
23 353 : 
232 203 : 
235 963 : 
226 825 : 
22 126 : 
30 250 : 
27 392 : 
10 300 : 
15 800 : 
358 452 : 
60 000 : 
11 500 : 
5 500 : 
10 801 : 
25 000 : 
22 354 : 
8 772 : 
2 600 : 
146 527 : 
10 505 : 
13 500 : 
9 250 : 
47 461 : 
32 000 : 
18 503 : 
86 860 : 
982 374 : 
1,25 : 1986 
94 100 
20 655 
11 082 
17 988 
13 715 
732 
59 166 
5 456 
7 500 
3 150 
3 945 
24 126 
235 664 
261 615 
230 545 
22 815 
43 760 
29 287 
11 200 
16 600 
354 207 
55 000 
11 000 
9 000 
11 380 
24 300 
22 783 
9 222 
4 047 
146 732 
10 500 
14 500 
6 840 
49 980 
40 000 
18 170 
113 373 
1 015 917 
1 ,03 1987 
: 92 744 : 
: 19 894 : 
: 11 122 : 
17 547 : 
13 990 : 
: 662 : 
59 897 : 
: 5 369 : 
: 8 200 : 
3 200 : 
4 977 : 
: 25 000 : 
: 263 993 : 
: 262 602 : 
• o on on^ • : 229 297 : 
: 23 114 : 
47 500 : 
: 31 537 : 
12 100 : 
17 600 : 
: 361 148 : 
: 50 000 : 
: 10 000 : 
: 7 000 : 
11 644 : 
25 000 : 
22 228 : 
: 9 500 : 
3 600 : 
: 138 972 : 
• il ion 1i /yu . 
18 000 : 
7 000 : 
: 53 500 : 
50 000 : 
18 765 : 
: 122 386 : 
:1 044 163: 
: 2,78 : 1988 
92 639 : 
19 500 : 
11 191 : 
17 600 : 
13 988 : 
635 : 
60 280 : 
5 401 : 
8 359 : 
3 700 : 
5 519 : 
27 000 : 
265 100 : 
«)<)Q 1 A "» . 
229 307 : 
23 114 : 
47 800 : 
32 421 : 
13 000 : 
16 513 : 
399 000 : 
50 000 : 
10 000 : 
7 000 
12 257 . 
24 400 : 
22 670 : 
9 480 : 
3 320 : 
139 127 : 
19 ncA • 1 £ U3*t . 
16 093 : 
7 300 : 
57 498 : 
55 000 : 
19 500 : 
85 928 : 
1 056 600: 
1,19 : 1989 
93 016 : 
20 926 : 
10 383 : 
18 800 : 
14 000 : 
617 : 
60 140 : 
5 400 : 
8 600 : 
3 900 : 
6 810 : 
27 200 : 
269 792 : 
o oi cnn • 231 bOU : 
23 837 : 
55 000 : 
38 677 : 
11 000 : 
18 000 : 
412 000 : 
56 000 : 
13 000 : 
7 000 : 
12 380 : 
24 800 : 
23 000 : 
9 388 : 
3 400 : 
148 986 : 
1 L UUU 
21 000 : 
7 000 : 
61 000 : 
60 000 : 
18 700 : 
91 540 : 
1 102 000: 
4,30 : 
".•>3I:J and Portugal included "it I.EC total f < Otii I9H6. 
EEC •.UH*:.',.. iriN: JIJH. BAKIH <•: JIJHN I. BHI: 
rt 
Table 7a: EEC external trade in hops and hop products 
September 1988 - August 1989 
(x 1000 kg) Cones Powders Extracts 
Extra Total Extra Total Extra Total Total equivalent(1) 
Hop cones 
Extra Total 
F.R.G. 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 7 946 
4 952 
-2 988 8 986 
6 539 
-2 447 338 
8 563 
8 225 1 205 
12 868 
11 663 94 
1 439 
1 345 231 
2 281 
2 050 8 641 
19 408 
10 767 11 120 
31 118 
19 998 
France 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 28 
319 
291 48 
551 
503 5 
60 
55 737 
215 
-522 47 
0 
-47 247 
8 
-239 198 
385 
187 . 723 
816 
-907 
Belgium/Luxembourg 
- Import 1 017 1 579 
- Export 3 298 
- Net -1 014 -1 281 607 
2 
-605 1 145 
534 
-611 55 
22 
-33 99 
173 
74 1 877 
82 
-1 795 3 185 
1 491 
-1 694 
United Kingdom 
- Import 700 1 121 
- Export 16 444 
- Net -684 -677 345 
100 
-245 1 360 
1 126 
-234 103 
57 
-46 361 
102 
•259 1 440 
326 
•1 114 3 881 
2 040 
-1 841 
Ireland 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 73 
28 
-45 198 
15 
-183 603 
18 
-585 111 
29 
-82 139 
29 
-110 606 
118 
-488 1 223 
145 
•1 074 
Italy 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 12 
0 
-12 43 
0 
-43 656 
1 
-655 75 
0 
-75 52 
0 
-52 996 
1 
-995 
Denmark 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 77 
0 
•77 20 
0 
-20 521 
0 
•521 64 
0 
-64 36 
0 
-36 874 
0 
-8 74 
Netherlands 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 40 
0 
-40 15 
0 
-15 201 
19 
-182 361 
0 
-361 511 
129 
-382 1 280 
0 
•1 280 2 045 
472 
-1 573 
3» 
(x 1000 kg) Cones 
Extra Total Powders 
Extra Total Extracts Total equivalent(l) 
Hop cones 
Extra Total Extra Total 
Spain 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 20 
0 
-20 571 
0 
-571 57 
20 
-37 257 
28 
-229 32 
0 
-32 88 
0 
-88 195 
22 
-173 1 162 
31 
-1 131 
Portugal 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 0 
147 
147 11 
0 
-11 94 
0 
-94 2 
0 
-2 116 
0 
-116 19 
0 
-19 509 
147 
-362 
Total EC (2) 
- Import 9 710 12 507 1 639 6 796 
- Export 5 290 8 007 8 760 14 809 
- Net -4 420 -4 500 7 121 8 013 
(1) 100 kg pellets = 110 kg cones 
100 kg extracts = 350 kg cones 
(2) Without Greece 809 
547 
738 1 941 
2 722 
781 14 344 
20 341 
5 997 26 776 
33 824 
7 048 
Source : EEC NIMEXE 
Table 7b: EEC external trade 
September 1988 - August 1989 
(x 1000 kg) Cones Powders 
Extra Total Extra Total Extracts 
Extra Total Total equivalent(1 ) 
Hop cones 
Extra Total 
Total EC (2) 
- Import 9 710 12 507 1 639 6 796 
- Export 5 290 8 007 8 760 14 809 
- Net -4 420 -4 500 7 121 8 013 809 
547 
738 1 941 
2 722 
781 14 344 
20 341 
5 997 26 776 
33 824 
7 048 
U.S.A. 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 1 004 
4 246 
3 242 222 
211 
-11 770 
5 
-765 3 943 
4 496 
553 
C.S.S.R. 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 4 126 
0 
-4 126 372 
0 
-371 4 535 
0 
-4 535 
U.S.S.R. 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 720 
75 
-645 0 
191 
191 0 
142 
142 720 
782 
62 
Yugoslavia 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 2 496 
10 
-2 486 170 
62 
-108 2 
27 
25 2 690 
173 
-2 517 
China 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 597 
0 
-597 0 
17 
17 597 
20 
-577 
Japan 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 0 
710 
710 80 
3 311 
-3 231 
(1) 100 kg pellets = 110 kg cones 
100 kg extracts = 350 kg cones 
(2) Without Greece 
Source : EEC NIMEXE 0 
115 
115 88 
4 755 
4 667 
Table 8: HOPS SOLD WITHOUT AND UNDER CONTRACT AND AVERAGE PRICES WITHOUT CONTRACT AND UNDER CONTRACT 
1977 - L989 
Without contract 
(1) 50 kg Under contract 
50 kg % under contract Without contract 
ECU/50 kg Under contract 
ECU/50 kg 
A. EEC 1977 - 1989 
1977 
1978 
1979 
1980 
1981 
1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
B. EEC 1989 
F.R.G. 
France 
Belgium 
United Kingdom 
Ireland 
Spain 
Portugal 32 7 
166 
150 
67 
154 
363 
?° 3 
195 
17i 
202 
161 
119 
169 
144 
1 
9 04 3 
036 
109 
385 
754 
795 
54 9 
4 78 
339 
218 
850 
035 
083 
335 
997 
342 
10 388 
121 
2 900 623 643 
686 210 
745 308 
723 983 
768 155 
763 131 
744 142 
728 662 
718 124 
667 937 
634 361 
632 255 
641 429 
494 447 
13 177 
2 700 
83 274 
391 
42 491 
4 949 66 
81 
83 
91 
83 
68 
77 
79 
81 
77 
80 
84 
79 
77 
87 
22 
89 
76 
94 
100 46,45 
106,29 
182,12 
469,00 
225,63 
65,18 
91,85 
69,61 
92,33 
62,72 
123,41 
158,55 
134,58 
88 
160,09 
140,79 
148,21 
151,05 89 118,76 
111,73 
118,30 
133,00 
162,78 
176,93 
183,13 
189,92 
173,19 
169,93 
168,19 
169,82 
164,39 
88 
138,07 
123,69 
118,41 
116,74 
228,72 
80,24 168,57 
173,07 
130,06 
187,75 
229,21 
146,37 
119,14 89 
164,00 
176,47 
129,17 
177,33 
219,48 
146,32 
124,22 
(1) Unsold quantities are not included 
DG VI-E-* 
13/03/90 Tabla 9: Member State Returns - Hops 1989 
Vtrltty 
Br ami1ng 
Chtllonger 
Fine Alssele 
Fugglos 
Goldlngs 
Hallortauar 
Herabrucker 
Hulltr 
Perle 
Progress 
Sin 
Spilt 
Star 
Strlsselspalt 
Sunshln» 
Tettnangor 
VrtSV Orlg 
UK EEC 
B 
UK 
EEC 
ESP EEC 
UK 
IRL 
EEC 
EEC UK 
D 
6 
EEC 
0 
B 
EEC 
0 EEC 
D EEC 
UK EEC 
B EEC 
0 
B 
EEC 
EEC 
EEC 
EEC 
EEC 
EEC SURFACE ARE* ! N HECTARES 
Total Nsw 1989 Nay, 1988 Pr* 1968 Fui) prod'n 6 7 B 9 9* 10 11 
PRODUCTION RETURNS (ECU) 
Production Yield Contract Spot Not «old 
(50kg) (SOkg/ha) (SOkg) (50kg) (SOkg) Contract Spot 12 
RETURNS 
Total 13 14 IS 18 
AVERAGE PRICE (ECU/iOkg) RETURNS PER HECTARE (ECU) 
41 .00 
11 .83 
469.10 
470.93 
3.00 
420.10 
S.S2 
425.«2 
416.00 
1420.00 
101.41 
1621.41 
7041.00 
8.33 
7047.33 
592.00 
2438.00 
44.00 
4.20 
239.00 
6.86 
244.65 
4.30 
402.59 
0.90 
996.00 
87.20 4.50 
5 69 
29.20 
34.89 
4.30 
6.00 
34.00 
6.70 
40.70 
646.00 
4.36 
650.36 
1 .00 
187.00 
2.40 
8.00 
0.08 
6.08 
32.00 
2.60 0. 70 
' $2 
22.20 
23.72 
12.70 
12.70 
8.20 
42.00 
7.95 
49.96 
611.00 
0.47 
611.47 
2.00 
294.00 
2.60 
23.00 
36.00 
2.70 35.80 
4.62 
407.70 
412.32 
3.00 
403.10 
5.62 
406.62 
401.60 
1344.00 
88.76 
1430.76 
6684.00 
1 .46 
6665.46 
589.00 
1957 00 
39.00 
4.20 
206.00 
5.26 
213.28 
4.30 
298.52 
0.90 
926.00 
81 .90 38.06 
7.88 
433.81 
441.69 
3.00 
413.06 
5.52 
416.60 
409.53 
1364.90 
94.61 
1479.51 
8499.55 
3.54 
6603.09 
690.70 
2222.90 
41.66 
4.20 
226.15 
6.62 
231.77 
4.30 
360.61 
0.90 
963.60 
64.70 703 
286 
12976 
13264 
30 
9066 
94 
9180 
11951 
37537 
3956 
41493 
219295 
126 
219421 
16211 
65385 
1009 
107 
4770 
203 
4973 
138 
11117 
24 
25016 
1662 17.14 
24.00 
28.26 
28.17 
10.12 
21.63 
16.16 
21 .57 
26.73 
26.40 
39.00 
27.27 
31.20 
20.00 
31 .14 
27.40 
35.00 
22.94 
26.00 
20.00 
35.00 
20.31 
32.00 
27.61 
26.67 
26.10 
16.94 701 
12776 
12776 
30 
8486 
77 
8664 
10460 
32409 
1000 
33409 
183732 
183732 
11661 
57033 
983 
4629 
4629 
10541 
22666 
1683 288 
201 
489 
433 
16 
449 
1160 
6126 
2916 
6044 
36663 
126 
35689 
4360 
28352 
46 
107 
241 
241 
7 
641 
16 
2462 
89 203 
203 
406 
131 
36 
9 112431 
0 
2211688 
2211686 
5087 
1790669 
18035 
1606904 
2413600 
6473962 
144967 
6616948 
30968468 
0 
30966468 
1914070 
6962368 
167712 
0 
994693 
0 
763433 
0 
2006667 
0 
4963613 
307821 0 
41760 
31326 
73078 
0 
70310 
3824 
74134 
204041 
1121667 
407868 
1629654 
6170963 
18266 
6169216 
629973 
3717696 
7206 
22169 
66166 
a 
41649 
1016 
102876 
1896 
667020 
6909 112431 
41750 
2242916 
22846(7 
5087 
1866306 
21659 
1910168 
2679791 
7695666 
568429 
8164098 
37139420 
16266 
37157686 
2444043 
126799(4 
194(16 
22169 
1060769 
0 
8767(3 
20006 
2116368 
3032 
6660633 
314730 160.46 
173.11 
173.11 
186.(0 
211.03 
233.44 
211.23 
230.(6 
199.91 
144.(7 
1(6.12 
1(6.(7 
168.66 
161.37 
167.13 
1(4.(( 
219.81 
220.(( 
1(3.27 Spot Total plantad Full Prod'n 
144.97 
156.09 
149.53 
162.44 
233.44 
166.03 
177.36 
218.64 
139.(7 
1(0.16 
173.66 
144.(7 
173.42 
121.(6 
131.26 
166.64 
207.10 
232.(4 
173.(6 
144.(7 
190.19 
126.31 
231.26 
117.10 2742 
3526 
4865 
4861 
1666 
44(5 
3960 
4488 
6442 
6349 
6507 
6360 
6276 
2666 
6273 
4126 
6201 
4430 
6276 
4366 
0 
3677 
4662 
6254 
3366 
6673 
3605 2954 
6296 
(170 
6173 
1866 
4671 
39(0 
4563 
6544 
6486 
6(03 
6611 
(714 
6163 
6714 
4138 
5704 
46(0 
8276 
4(46 
0 
377( 
4662 
(033 
3368 
(7(1 
371( -c 
TOTAL 
A R 0 M A 0 
F 
B 
UK 
IRL 
ESP 12726.00 
402.59 
133.92 
1468.30 
$.52 
3.00 
14739.33 298.52 
106.62 1010.00 10906.00 
41 .83 
10.4$ 
49.10 1370.20 
0.00 5 $2 
0 00 3.00 
12691 36 i 1 1 11667.70 
360.61 
120.1$ 
1421 .72 
5. 52 
3.00 
13788 69 388216 
11117 
4618 
37401 
94 
30 
441676 30.52 
27.61 
36.96 
25.47 
16.96 
10.10 
29.96 312120 
10541 
1000 
34(68 
77 
30 76096 203 642969(3 121(33(6 664603(6 
641 36 20058(7 102(76 2116368 
3444 374 144967 491066 660610 
1(04 629 7023(22 321688 7436124 
16 0 18036 3624 21858 
0 0 50(7 0 6067 
82001 1141 63494840 13062840 76899407 173.(( 
190.29 
144.(7 
200.(( 
233.44 
166.(0 
177.00 169.(4 
190.19 
142.(( 
168.95 
233.44 
159.(4 6222 
6264 
4(33 
6064 
3(60 
1(66 
6204 66(1 
(033 
54(6 
(230 
39(0 
1666 
66(2 
Conversion rates are as follows (1 ECU» )-0M ?.361:,PES 
Returns for unsold quantities ars calculated at 65% c' tpoi 155.786;FF 69787;IRP 0.6S(76S;ESC 192.002;UKL 0.706726;BF 
DC VI-E-4 
13/03/90 Table 9: Member State Returns - Hops 1989 
Variety Orlg 1 
S U 
Total AREA IN HECTARES 
New 1989 New 1988 Pre 1968 Full Prod'n 9a 10 11 
RETURNS (ECU) PRODUCTION 
Production Yield Contract Spot Not «old 
(SOkg) (SOkg/ha) (SOkg) (SOkg) (60kg) Contract Spot 12 
RETURNS 
Total 13 14 18 16 
AVERAGE PRICE (ECU/50kg) RETURNS PER HECTARE (ECU) 
Spot Total planted Full Prod'n 
Brewer's Gold 
H-3 Lsones 
H-7 Lsones 
Northdown ESP 
ESP 
B 
UK 
IRL 
Northern Brewer 0 
F 
B 
UK 
IRL EEC 
EEC 
EEC 
Target B 
UK 
IRL 
F 1621.00 
65.17 
26.52 
142.00 
2056.69 
660.00 
660.00 
0.00 
446.10 
11.46 
467.66 
5013.00 
25.36 
198.74 
24.50 
3.63 
6265.16 
13.36 
1457.40 
0.98 
12.30 
1484.07 
13.66 
268.20 
15.12 
295.16 26.80 
46.00 
49.66 
7.27 
167.50 20.10 
53.00 
63.64 
2.26 
176.90 
6.22 
187.38 
4. 10 
3.70 
7.77 
16.57 1605.00 
65 17 
28,52 
142.00 
2040.69 
877.50 
560.00 
400.20 
11.46 
411.66 
4914.00 
25.38 
184.35 
24.50 
3.63 
5151.76 
3.86 
1121 . 
0 00 1813.65 
65.17 
26.52 
142.00 
2049.34 
879.13 
560.00 
0.00 
423.59 
11 .46 
435.06 
4966.86 
26.36 
192.74 
24.50 
3.53 
5213.00 
8.24 
1300.29 
0.96 
6.07 
1317.57 
•> 64 
261 31 
7.99 
276.93 76687 
3076 
1084 
4949 
85798 
32174 
13188 
11914 
316 
12229 
162219 
494 
6427 
743 
73 
166965 
376 
36572 
31 
199 
37178 
311 
5936 
210 
6459 42.10 
47.23 
38.00 
34.65 
41.72 
36.56 
23.56 
26.71 
27.62 
26.73 
32.40 
19.46 
27.00 
30.30 
20.55 
32.09 
28.00 
25.09 
31 .27 
17.78 
25.05 
22.00 
22.31 
13.63 
21.88 54414 
2284 
100 
4949 
61747 
29274 
13188 
11546 
211 
11757 
120682 
161 
1600 
743 
73 
123268 
30206 
31 
117 
30364 
4310 
4310 22273 
811 
944 
24028 
2900 
170 
105 
276 
41537 
333 
3827 
46697 
376 
6366 
82 
8624 
311 
1628 
210 
2149 6360923 
273686 
6284 
614727 
7257522 
4049440 
2162843 
0 
2060003 
47991 
2097994 
1932(306 
21954 
196498 
73519 
16(01 
19636177 
0 
4650230 
3876 
14713 
4668618 
0 
764240 
0 
764240 1961586 
56366 
56648 
0 
2076620 
232707 
0 
0 
4(441 
23916 
73367 
(2(83(8 
447(6 
4233(3 
0 
0 
(7(3(43 
4(721 
631662 
0 
11628 
6(0030 
36644 
1(12(2 
29992 
2(9929 6322506 
328(72 
69418 
614727 
9336697 
4262147 
2162B43 
0 
21(6677 
71(07 
2223629 
24(24701 
86719 
(1(8(1 
0 
16(01 
25399720 
4(721 
(2(1(12 
3876 
26340 
83(8848 
36(44 
(66832 
29992 
1024169 116.89 
IK.77 
82.84 
124.22 
117.84 
138.33 
164.01 
177.(( 
227.(( 
176.48 
1(0.0( 
136.40 
122.19 
((.(( 2K.20 
159.31 
153.(( 
126.49 
126.62 
163.61 
177.31 
177.31 86.09 
66.25 
(2.13 
((.38 
80.24 
2(0.01 
227.(( 
266.38 
127.48 
134.46 
110.(3 
12(.13 
124.24 
((.23 
141.71 
101.12 
124.2( 
117.(0 
142.77 
120.(( 4(70 
6046 
2434 
4328 
4540 
4866 
3862 
4634 
6276 
4860 
4(12 
2(26 
3114 
0 
4604 
4624 
3468 
3(24 
3966 
2141 
3(11 
2786 
3(90 
19(4 
3470 4688 
(048 
2434 
4329 
4566 
4671 
3862 
(0(1 
(276 
6112 
4(68 
2(2( 
3211 
0 
4(04 
4(72 
((72 
40(2 
3(66 
3266 
4087 
8060 
36(7 
37(4 
3((6 
BITTER 0 
F 
B 
UK 
IRL 
ESP 
P 6834.00 
117.97 
264.51 
2194.20 
15.97 
1440.00 
142.00 
10996.65 53.00 
10.78 
19. 10 
189.30 
0.00 
0 .00 
0.00 82.00 6719.00 
13.99 
16.90 
202 70 
0.00 
2 SO 
0.00 93.20 
216.51 
1602.20 
15.97 
1437.50 
142.00 
296.09 10426.38 6760.50 
106.61 
237.14 
2009.66 
15.97 
1439.13 
142.00 
10731 .01 236906 
3981 
7196 
55167 
419 
45361 
4949 
351032 34.96 
33.90 
28.28 
25.14 
26.21 
31 .60 
34.66 
31 .92 176096 
2662 
1700 
46806 
314 
42461 
4949 
288939 (3(10 
1437 
(456 
(1(4 
106 
2(00 
0 
(1674 0 25(90229 7266961 32(47210 
0 
40 
1(7 
0 
0 
0 3102(4 
2037(2 
7537992 
(77(7 
(2122(3 
(14727 141768 
6673(7 
872415 
23916 
232707 
0 462023 
7736(4 
(3(4021 
(1(83 
6444990 
(14727 
237 40(37034 9096186 49718319 146.72 
121.06 
118.(7 
1(1.06 
216.04 
146.31 
124.22 
151.10 113.73 
99.(9 
103.99 
10(.(( 
227.(( 
(0.24 
111.0( 4(21 
3(32 
3040 
3626 
6741 
4476 
4328 
4620 4868 
4240 
3263 
4177 
6741 
4478 
432( 
4(33 
1. Conversion rates are as follows (1 ECU. (DM 2.361i;PES 
2. Returns for unsold quantities are calculated at 65% of spot. 1S5.766;FF 7.69787;IRP 0.65(76SiESC 192.002;UKL 0.706728|BF 
DC VI-E-4 
13/03/90 Table 9: Member State Returns - Hops 1989 
Variety 
Kent 
Omega 
Orion 
Record 
Zenith 
Others 0r1g 
EEC 
EEC 
EEC 
EEC 
EEC 
OTHERS D 
F 
B 
UK 
D 
F 
B 
UK 
IRL 
ESP 
P 1 
S u 9a 10 11 
RETURNS (ECU) 
New '989 New <988 (Ms '966 Full Prod' PRODUCTION 
roduct lor> field Contract Spot Not sold 
(SOkg) (SOkg/ha) (50kg) (50kg) (60kg) Contract Spot 12 
RETURNS 
Total 13 14 16 16 
AVERAGE PRICE (ECU/60kg) RETURNS PER HECTARE (ECU) 
Spot Total planted Full Prod'n 
0.12 
59.10 
136.00 
242.00 
13.32 
255.32 
17.40 
8.10 
0.68 
3.70 
12.38 1 . 10 
0.66 0 1? 
50.60 
120.00 
234.00 
13.32 
247.32 
17.40 
2 65 
0.00 
3 50 0.12 
S6.25 
129.66 
237.20 
13.32 
250.62 
17.40 
$.92 
0.23 
3.63 
9 78 127S 
499 7 
6663 
426 
7089 
$37 
162 
9 
8 
179 40.00 
21 .57 
36.70 
27.50 
32.00 
27.77 
58.56 
24.96 
16.00 
20.00 
14.44 1017 
3097 
4134 
4134 
483 
74 
0 
74 5 
256 
1900 
2629 
426 
2868 
84 
19 
9 
8 
36 11 0 
129764 
489811 
640622 
0 
640622 
75587 
9238 
0 
0 
9238 726 
14760 
217270 
291342 
46676 
337218 
30(6 
2326 
1118 
838 
4278 725 
144628 
677081 
(321(4 
4(878 
(7(040 
76644 
12939 
1118 
638 
14659 
378.00 
6.10 
14.02 
60.20 
460.32 13 00 
«36 
S 20 
22 55 354 00 
2.6$ 366.6$ 
$ 92 
13.67 
76 28 
462 72 11660 
162 
440 
1820 
14082 30.85 
12.85 
31.36 
22.69 
29.20 7231 
74 
0 
1600 
6804 4428 
18 
440 
320 
8208 0 1100633 608612 1608246 
11 9238 2325 12939 
0 0 47718 477K 
0 205362 18662 224003 
11 1318223 (77300 1693906 
19936.00 672.00 1086.00 17981.00 
626.66 
402.46 
3742.70 
21.48 
1443.00 
142.00 74.17 
36.63 
241.80 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 60.17 
27.36 
267.00 
0.00 
2.50 
0 00 394.37 
338.57 
3243.90 
21 49 
1440 SO 
142 00 
26218.30 1224 46 1432 02 23561 63 19035.06 
463.13 
370.96 
3607.67 
21 .49 
1442.13 
142.00 
24962.42 638782 
16260 
12486 
94388 
612 
46392 
4949 
811736 32.06 
28.79 
30.96 
26.22 
23.64 
31 .46 
34.85 
30.97 4(4447 
13177 
2700 
(3274 
3(1 
424(1 
4949 
641429 144336 
19(7 
(342 
10386 
121 
2(00 
0 
169083 203 
4( 
414 
72( 
0 
0 
0 810678(6 
2326368 
346748 
14767266 
88602 
6217340 
614727 1((2((66 10101(843 
248(70 2(80330 
110(174 
12127(5 
2773( 
232707 
0 1461(93 
1(0(4148 
113(42 
(4(0047 
(14727 127.(3 
146.(( 
166.01 
155.01 
188.(0 
128.62 
0.00 
125.62 
162.21 
126.62 
136.(3 
148.36 
1388 105447098 22756333 126311631 184.00 
176.47 
128.17 
177.33 
2K.48 
148.32 
124.22 
164.38 144 
67 
114 
116 
107 
114 
(( 
121 
124 
104 
IK 
114 
121 
106 
66 
110 
138 
123 
118 
116 
226 
60 6040 
2446 
4979 
3652 
3444 
3(31 
4(20 
16(7 
11» 
22( 
1200 
42(7 
15(7 
3404 
27(3 
3(43 
(0(7 
4(61 
3662 
4268 
(2(3 
4470 
4329 
4(94 6040 
2(K 
(222 
3(30 
3444 
3(04 
4(20 
2186 
4620 
230 
1619 
387 
188 
4(0 
(37 
0(3 
307 
(72 
((( -£ 
877 v-* 
2(3 
473 
328 
13( 
Conversion rates are as follows (1 ECU» ):DM 2.3(11;PES 
Rsturns for unsold quantities are calculated at 65% of spot I8S.788;FF 7.69787;IRP 0.85676S;ESC K2.002;UKL 0.706728;BF 
Figure 1 Cultivated Area (World v EEC v USA) 
120 
100 
80 
60 
40 
20 Ha (000's) 
*-
0L-
80 81 82 83 
EEC 84 85 
Year 86 87 88 89 
World . -*- USA -ÎN. 
'81 EEC-10, '86 EEC-12 
Figure 2 Hop production. (World v EEC v USA) 
Zentners (Mio) 
M 
2V ¥ 
1 I-
0L •1/ >!/ _ ^/ 
"^\ " ~ ^v" " ~ " "TTC—— 
± * 
80 81 82 83 
EEC 84 85 
Year 
-+- World -# * 
J I I L 
86 87 88 89 
"*- USA 
'81 EEC-10, '86 EEC-12 
Figure 3 Cultivated Surface Area (EEC) 
Varietal Groups 
(000's) 
Total HHl Aroma Bitter Others 
KgE§_JL Hop Price Development 
EEC Average 
600 ECU/50 kg 
500 
400 
300 
200 
100 -x. 
0 L 
80 81 82 83 84 85 
Year 
Contract 86 87 88 89 
No Contract 
k\ 
F5gLEÊ__6 External Trade 
Cone Hop Equivalent 
30 Tonnes (OOO's) 
25 
20 
15 h- * 
10 h 
5h 
0 —.i.. 
80 >==^te=H^ 
81 82 j 
83 
-~-" Exports 
Available figures only unt.il August 89 84 85 
Year 
"+~ Imports 86 87 88 89 
"*~ Net Exports 
5" 
Explanatory Memorandum 
It is proposed that on the basis of the attached Report of the 
Commission on the production and marketing of hops for the 1989 
harvest the Council adopt the attached Regulation setting aid to hop 
producers for the 1989 harvest at the following levels: 
- aromatIc hops 
-bit ter hops : 
- other hops: 340 ecu/hectare, 
390 ecu/hectare, 
400 ecu/hectare. 
This would mean a slight increase In the average level of aid on iast 
year. Hop growers' returns rose by 1.4 % compared with the previous 
harvest; however, this favourable development was more than offset by 
an increase In production costs which soared by 5.7 % on average. The 
proposed raising of the aid Is therefore Justifiable. 
Returns from aromatic hops were slightly lower (-0.4 %) than iast 
year. Given the increase in costs and the fact that the Community is 
supporting conversion towards these varieties the level of aid should 
be raised by 10 ecu bringing the amount of aid per hectare up to 340 
ecu . 
Returns from bitter hops showed an incrou'e of 3.2 % compared with 
that of the previous year. Since the absolute level of returns per 
hectare is still too low for this varietal group the same amount of 
aid per hectare as set for the 1988 harvest should be maintained. 
Variétés of the group 'others" were yet again hit by a decrease in 
returns (-2.1 % ) which widened the existing gap in level of returns 
per hectare between this varietal group and aromatic as wei! as 
Ditter hops. It *s therefore proposed to ra;se the aid by 10 ecu to 
400 ecu per hectare 
There w i I i be no impact on small and medium enterprises. 
The cost of the proposal to the E A G G *•" . Guarantee Section, is 
est mated at M million ecu 
9 
Proposal for a 
COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) No / 
of 
laying down, in respect of hops, the amount of 
aid to producers for the 1989 harvest 
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and 
in particular Article 43 thereof, 
Having regard to Council Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71 of 26 July 1971 on the 
common organization of the market in hops (1), as last amended by Regulation 
(EEC) No 3998/87 (2), and in particular Article 12 (7) thereof, 
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, 
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliamant (3), 
Whereas Article 12 of Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71 provides that aid may be 
granted to hop producers to enable them to achieve a fair income; whereas the 
amount of this aid is fixed per hectare and differs according to varieties» 
taking into account the average return on the areas in full production 
compared with the average returns tor previous harvests, the current position 
of the market and trends in costs*; 
Whereas an examination of the results of the 1989 harvest shows the need to 
fix aid for groups of varieties oi hops cultivated in the Community; 
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: 
(1) OJ No L 175, 4.8.1971, p. 1. 
(2) OJ No L 377, 31.12.1985, p. 40. 
(3) OJ No C 
a 
Article 1 
1. For the 1989 harvest, aid shall be granted to the producers of hops 
cultivated in the Community for the groups of varieties set out in the 
Annex. 
2. The amount of the aid shall be as set out in the Annex. 
Article 2 
This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following its 
publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities. 
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in 
all Member States. 
Done at Brussels, For the Council 
The President 
S3 
ANNEX 
Aid granted to hop producers for the 1989 harvest 
Group of varieties : Aid amount 
: (ECU/ha) 
Aromatic : 340 
Bitter : 390 
Others : 400 
54 
FINANCIAL STATEMENT (PCUL/EN/1073) 
DATE: 26 March 1990 
1. BUDGET HEADING: 181 APPROPRIATIONS: ECU 13 ml 11 ion 
2. TITLE: Proposal for a Council Regulation (EEC) laying down In respect of hops the amount of aid to 
to producers for the 1989 harvest 
3. LEGAL BASIS: Article 43 of the EEC Treaty 
4. AIMS OF PROJECT: To fix aid to producers for certain groups of hops varieties in the 1989 harvest 
5. FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS 
5.0 EXPENDITURE 
- CHARGED TO THE EC BUDGET 
(INTERVENTIONS) 
5.1 REVENUE 
- OWN RESOURCES OF THE EC 
(LEVIES/CUSTOMS DUTIES) 
- NATIONAL Period of 12 months 
ECU 11 million Current Financial Year 
1990 
ECU 11 mi 11 ion Following Financial Year 
1991 
p.m. 
5.0.1 ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE 
5.1.1 ESTIMATED REVENUE 
5.2 METHOD OF CALCULATION: Aromatic varieties: 14 740 ha x ECU 340/ha - ECU 5,0 mi 11 ion 
Bitter varieties: 11 000 ha x ECU 390/ha - ECU 4,3 mi Iiion 
Other var let les. 480 ha x ECU 400/ha - ECU 0,2 mi 11 ion 
26 220 ha ECU 9,5 mi 11 ion (A) 
ECU 9,5 (A) x 1,155 (DR) - ECU 11 mi iI ion (B) 
6.0 CAN THE PROJECT BE FINANCED FROM APPROPRIATIONS ENTERED IN THE RELEVANT CHAPTER OF THE CURRENT BUDGET? 
YES 
6.1 CAN THE PROJECT BE FINANCED BY TRANSFER BETWEEN CHAPTERS OF THE CURRENT BUDGET? 
6.2 IS A SUPPLEMENTARY BUDGET NECESSARY? 
6.3 WILL FUTURE BUDGET APPROPRIATIONS BE NECESSARY? 
YES 
OBSERVATIONS: 
is 
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