COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
Brussels, 30.10.1998 
COM(1998) 562 final 
9th ANNUAL REPORT 
of the STRUCTURAL FUNDS 
1997 
3 
^ 
(Presented by the Commission) 

This report has been prepared by the Directorate-General for Regional Policy and Cohesion (DG 
XVI) in collaboration with the Directorates-General for Employment, Industrial Relations and 
Social Affairs (DG V), Agriculture (DG VI) and Fisheries (DG XIV) and with contributions 
from the Secretariat-General and the Directorates-General for Competition (DG IV), Transport 
(DG VII), Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection (DG XI), Science, Research and 
Development (DG XII), Telecommunciations, Information market and Exploitation of Research 
(DG XIII), Internal Market and Financial Services (DG XV), Energy (DG XVII), Budgets (DG 
XIX) Financial Control (DG XX) and Enterprise Policy, Distributive Trades, Tourism and 
Cooperatives (DG XXIII). 
91" Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
INTRODUCTION 5 
A. General summary 7 
B. A report focusing on assistance to small firms 9 
CHAPTER 1: MAJOR EVENTS OF 1997 13 
1.1. Initial guidelines for further economic and social cohesion 15 
1.1.1. The European Cohesion forum 15 
1.1.2. Guidelines set out in "Agenda 2000" 15 
1.2. Changes in fund financing approach 17 
1.2.1. Priority to employment in new Objective 2 programmes (1997-99) 17 
1.2.2. Priorities for mid-term review of Fund programmes (other than Objective 2) 18 
1.2.3. Implementation of territorial employment pacts 19 
1.2.4. The SEM 2000 initiative: improving management and control of the Funds 19 
1.3. Development of thematic priorities for cohesion 20 
1.3.1. The challenge of the information society (COM(97) 7) 21 
1.3.2. Towards an urban agenda in the European Union (COM(97) 197) 22 
1.3.3. Symposium on the "LEADER" initiative for rural development 22 
1.3.4. Regional policy and competition policy 23 
1.3.5. Competitiveness, R&TD and innovation 24 
CHAPTER 2: IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAMMING IN THE MEMBER 
STATES 25 
2.1. General presentation by objective 27 
2.1.1. The adoption of new programmes in 1997 27 
2.1.2. General overview of implementation 27 
2.1.3. Implementation of Objectives 1 (regions whose development is lagging behind) and 6 
(thinly populated regions) 30 
2.1.4. Implementation of Objective 2 (areas undergoing industrial conversion) 32 
2.1.5. Implementation of Objectives 3 and 4 (human resources and the labour market) 33 
2.1.6. Implementation of Objective 5(a) (structural adjustment in agriculture and fisheries) 36 
2.1.7. Implementation of Objective 5(b) (structural adjustment of rural areas) 40 
2.1.8. Implementation of the Community Initiatives 41 
2.1.9. Innovative measures and technical assistance 46 
2.2. Country by country survey 52 
2.2.1. BELGIUM ; 52 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 52 
2. Community Initiatives 55 
2.2.2. DENMARK 56 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 56 
2. Community Initiatives 57 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds H 997) 
2.2.3. GERMANY 59 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 59 
2. Community Initiatives 62 
2.2.4. GREECE 63 
1. The main achievements of the Funds by Objective 63 
2. Community Initiatives 64 
2.2.5. SPAIN 66 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 66 
2. Community Initiatives 70 
2.2.6. FRANCE .. 71 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 71 
2. Community Initiatives 75 
2.2.7. IRELAND 76 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 76 
2. Community Initiatives 77 
2.2.8. ITALY 79 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 79 
2. Community Initiatives 82 
2.2.9. LUXEMBOURG 84 
1. The main achievements of the Funds by Objective 84 
2. The Community Initiatives 85 
2.2.10. NETHERLANDS 86 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 86 
2. Community Initiatives 88 
2.2.11. AUSTRIA 90 
1. The major achievements of the Fund by Objective 90 
2. Community Initiatives 92 
2.2.12. PORTUGAL 93 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 93 
2. Community Initiatives 95 
2.2.13. FINLAND 96 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 96 
2. Community Initiatives 98 
2.2.14. SWEDEN 99 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 99 
2. Community Initiatives 101 
2.2.15. UNITED KINGDOM 102 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 102 
2. Community Initiatives 105 
CHAPTER 3: EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE 
STRUCTURAL FUNDS 107 
3.1. Interim evaluations 109 
3.2. Thematic and horizontal evaluations 113 
3.3. Evaluating the impact on employment 115 
3.4. The methodological aspects of evaluation 117 
V'Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
CHAPTER 4: BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION, FINANCIAL CHECKS AND 
VERIFICATION OF ADDITIONALLY 119 
4.1. Implementation of the funds in 1997 - all programming periods 121 
4.2. On-the-spot checks carried out by the Funds, financial control and the anti-fraud unit 125 
4.3. The verification of additionally 128 
CHAPTER 5: COORDINATION WITH OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 129 
5.1. Cohesion Fund 131 
5.2. The European Investment Bank 131 
5.3. The European Investment Fund 132 
5.4. The European Coal and Steel Community 133 
5.5. The Financial Mechanism of the European Economic Area 133 
5.6. Education and training programmes 133 
5.7. Community Funding on trans-European Networks 134 
CHAPTER 6: COMPATIBILITY AND COMPLEMENTARITY WITH THE 
OTHER COMMUNITY POLICIES 137 
6.1. The Structural Funds, employment and social policy 139 
6.2. The Structural Funds and the environment 140 
6.3. Contribution of the Structural Funds to promoting equal opportunities for men and 
women 141 
6.4 
6.5 
6.6 
6.7 
6.8 
6.9 The Structural Funds and research and technological development (RTD) 142 
The Structural Funds and the trans-European networks (TENs) 143 
The Structural Funds and tourism 143 
The Structural Funds and culture 144 
The Structural Funds and competition policy 144 
The Structural Funds and the transparency of public procurement 145 
6.10. The Structural Funds, the common agricultural policy (CAP) and the common fisheries 
policy 146 
9"" Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
CHAPTER 7: INTERINSTITUTIONAL DIALOGUE, DIALOGUE WITH THE 
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PARTNERS, INFORMATION AND 
COMMUNICATION 147 
7.1. Interinstitutional Dialogue , 149 
7.1.1. Dialogue with the European Parliament 149 
7.1.2. Opinions of the Structural Fund Committees 150 
7.1.3. Dialogue with the Economic and Social Committee 151 
7.1.4. Dialogue with the Committee of the Regions 152 
7.2. Dialogue with the economic and social partners 153 
7.3. Information and communication, exchange of experience 155 
ANNEXES 159 
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 209 
INTRODUCTION 
9" Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
A. GENERAL SUMMARY 
This Report is compiled in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EEC) No 2052/88 as amended 
and the detailed provisions of Article 31 of Regulation (EEC) No 4253/88 as amended. It presents the 
application in 1997 of the Structural Funds regulations, particularly the implementation of their 
Objectives (Objectives 1 to 6). The report is structured in accordance with the requirements of the 
Regulations, but also contains some changes. The innovation introduced in the Seventh Annual 
Report (1995) of dealing with a horizontal subject throughout the report has been retained, the topic 
chosen this year being support for small firms. An attempt has been made to reduce the length of the 
Report substantially to improve its readability after several years during which the amount of 
information presented had continued to increase. Instead of presenting exhaustive information, as in 
previous years, this report concentrates on the main features of the year. However, details of financial 
implementation are still given in full and are to be found in the annexes. In addition to the information 
required by the Regulations, Chapter 1 devotes some ten pages to the major events of 1997, with 
particular regard to preparing the future of the policy to promote economic and social cohesion. 
1997 
Work during this year in the field of economic and social cohesion and the Structural Funds may be 
summed up under four main headings: 
L The full implementation of programming 
1997 saw the start of the second part of the current programming period and the third full year of 
activity by the Funds in that period. 
Virtually all the programmes are now under way, the exceptions being the Spanish programmes for 
Objective 2 (1997-99) and the Italian programmes for Objective 1, which should be adopted early in 
1998. In terms of new programmes adopted, the main feature of the year was the adoption of the 
Objective 2 programmes for 1997-99. At the same time, the closure of the Objective 2 programmes 
for 1994-96 resulted in the transfer of ECU 848 million in unused appropriations to the current period, 
1997-99. 
The last 13 Community Initiative programmes under the 1994 initial allocation were adopted. 
Following the allocation of the reserve during 1996, it proved possible to adopt new programmes and 
transnational cooperation programmes (Interreg II C) during the year. This means that in 1997, for the 
first time, all the Community Initiatives were actually being implemented. 
By the end of the year, assistance from the Funds was being implemented through 1 026 programmes 
(580 for the various Objectives and 446 for the Community Initiatives). 
2. Intense financial activity 
One of the main features of the year was retrieving the backlog in implementing appropriations at the 
beginning of the period. Overall, the implementation of programmes now appears to be satisfactory. 
However, the situation with regard to programmes under the Objectives (CSF and SPD) differs from 
that concerning the Community Initiatives. 
Implementation of CSFs and SPDs speeded up considerably during the year. By 31 December 62% of 
total assistance for the period (1994-99) had been committed and 46% paid. Taking 1997 alone, about 
99% of the commitments available had been committed and, for the first time in this period, all the 
payment appropriations were used. For example, the implementation of appropriations under 
Objective 1, which accounts for 68% of the total available to the Funds in this period, was fully in 
line with initial forecasts (the financial perspective adopted in Edinburgh for 1994-99). This clear 
improvement in the implementation of appropriations also applies to Objectives 3, 4 and 5(b) while 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
progress elsewhere was less spectacular. All the Funds committed all their available appropriations 
apart from the FIFG (75%), where under-implementation was mainly the result of problems in 
restructuring the fishing fleet in some of the Member States which were the main beneficiaries. 
However, this had little impact on overall implementation since the FIFG manages only 2% of total 
funding. 
It should be noted that the Member States where rates of implementation were highest were generally 
the least prosperous, and also the main beneficiaries, principally under Objective 1: Spain, Portugal 
and Ireland. Commitments and payments in those Member States are ahead of initial programming. 
Greece, the fourth "cohesion country", joined the leading group in the first half of 1998. While some 
countries regrettably lagged behind at the end of 1997 (Italy for Objectives 1 and 5(b), France and 
Belgium for Objective 1), the situation improved during the year and during the first half of 1998 
most of these shortcomings have been made up, particularly in the case of Italy, where the backlog 
was greatest. 
The position with regard to the Community Initiatives is quite different. By the end of 1997, 56% of 
the total assistance available for the 13 Community Initiatives in 1994-99 had been committed and 
only 31% paid. Taking 1997 alone, only 61% of available appropriations had been committed and 
90% paid. 
In many cases, these delays in implementation result from the late adoption of programmes (many of 
which were adopted in 1996 and 1997 following the allocation of the reserve) or to particular features 
of the implementation of certain Initiatives, such as the partnership in Urban and Interreg II and the 
very special and innovative measures in the SMEs Initiative. 
To speed up implementation of the Community Initiatives, the Commission discussed with the 
Member States how they could redistribute their financial resources, either between measures in the 
same programme or between the programmes under a single Initiative. These negotiations should be 
concluded in 1998 and could result in the reallocation of resources among Initiatives. 
3. Further consideration of the priorities for finance 
When it was adopting and implementing the programmes in 1997, the Commission sought to give a 
fresh boost to some of its measures and priorities. The absolute priority of maintaining and promoting 
employment was the yardstick for designing the new Objective 2 programmes for 1997-99. At the 
same time, implementation on the spot of the 89 territorial employment pacts will extend Community 
action for job-creation at local level. The mid-term review of the Funds' programmes (other than 
Objective 2) will enable any adjustments required to speed up the completion of certain programmes 
experiencing difficulties in implementation to be carried out. 
As part of the SEM 2000 exercise (sound and efficient management), during the year the Commission 
took three decisions to improve the management and supervisions of the use made of the Structural 
Funds: 22 datasheets were drawn up setting out a number of categories of expenditure eligible for 
part-financing from the Funds, a Regulation was adopted on the financial control standards to be 
observed by the Member States and internal guidelines set out the conditions under which the 
Commission may apply net financial corrections to the Member States. 
Alongside these horizontal priorities, attention was paid to the development of certain thematic 
priorities: assistance from the Funds for the information society (including through pilot projects 
RISI-Regional Information Society Initiatives); the future of urban development, rural development, 
the interaction between regional policy and competition policy and the links between the 
competitiveness of the European economy and RTD and innovation. All these reflections clarified the 
issues involved and usually resulted in practical solutions which should be better taken into account in 
the Funds' programming in future. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
4. An outline of the future 
1997 was the first year of preparation for the future of the policy on economic and social cohesion. 
Work on preparations for the period after 2000 began with the European forum on cohesion in April 
and took shape in "Agenda 2000", adopted in July, which set out the financial perspective for 2000 to 
2006 and laid down the priorities which Community policies were to follow. As regards the structural 
policies, Agenda 2000 laid down the financial package required with a view to the accession of 
certain central European countries while maintaining the principle of financial solidarity. It also set 
out the bases for greater geographical and financial concentration of the Funds and a reduction in the 
number of Objectives from seven to three to simplify programme implementation and so make the 
work of the Funds more effective. 
To implement Agenda 2000, the Commission prepared proposals for regulations to govern the work 
of the Structural and Cohesion Funds for 2000-06. It presented these proposals in March 1998 and 
they will be the subject of negotiations between the Member States and the Commission in 
association with the other Community Institutions during 1998 (and probably part of 1999), resulting 
in new Regulations for the Funds to apply from 1 January 2000. 
B. A REPORT FOCUSING ON ASSISTANCE TO SMALL FIRMS 
The two previous annual reports concentrated on the environmental aspect of assistance (1995) and 
support for the technological development of the regions (1996); this Report continues the tradition 
by focusing on ways in which assistance from the Structural Funds helps small firms. This subject has 
been chosen in response to Parliament's requests for more information on measures for such firms 
implemented by the Structural Funds. The variety of such measures means that it will recur in a large 
number of chapters where it will appear in separate boxes. 
There is now broad recognition within the Union of the role of small firms (SMEs) as indicators of 
employment, growth and competitiveness. Over 99% of the 18.5 million firms in the Union as a whole 
are small ones. They account for 66% of the labour force in private employment and 60% of total 
turnover. Hence their development is of crucial importance for increasing employment in Europe and 
promoting a higher level of economic and social cohesion within the Union. A study by the European 
observatory of small firms shows that it is there that the greatest potential for growth and the creation 
of new jobs is to be found. 
In recent years, and in 1997 in particular, European Councils have frequently stressed the need to 
devote greater attention to small firms. In June 1997, the Amsterdam European Council adopted a 
resolution on growth and employment and asked the European Investment Bank and the European 
Investment Fund, among others, to set up a mechanism to finance high technology projects in small 
firms. This was done in November 1997 when a European mechanism for technologies was 
established. The Amsterdam European Council also asked for the tax burden on business to be 
reduced and set up a task force called BEST to look at how to simplify and improve the business 
environment. This task force reported to the Commission on 7 May 1998. The extraordinary European 
Council on employment, which met in Luxembourg in November, acknowledged that the 
entrepreneurial spirit was the basis of employment policies in the Member States. To give concrete 
form to this priority, the Commission adopted a communication "Fostering entrepreneurship in 
Europe: priorities for the future."1 The Council also asked the Commission to present proposals for 
measures to provide financial assistance to support innovative and job-creating small firms. The 
Commission did so in January 19982 and the Council adopted the proposals in April. This political 
concern was also expressed by the establishment of a group on small firms and the entrepreneurial 
1 COM(98) 222 of 7 April 1998. 
2 COM(98) 26 of 21 January 1998: 'The growth and employment initiative" (OJ L 155, 29.5.1998, p.43), 
including the risk capital facility, the establishment of Joint European Ventures (JEVs) and a guarantee facility. 
10 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
spirit comprising the nine relevant Members of the Commission to identify what can be done at the 
political level, principally to provide small firms with better access to Community programmes. It 
began work early in 1998. 
To present an overview of what the Union is doing for small firms, in 1997 the Commission adopted 
the fourth report on the coordination of work for small firms and craft industries,3 which covers 
improvements to the business environment and measures to support these firms. 
Against a background of strenuous efforts to promote employment, the Structural Funds have for a 
number of years played a significant role in supporting the establishment and development of small 
firms. Through their contribution to promoting economic and social cohesion, these firms are usually 
regarded as a priority target for most programmes, which often include measures specifically intended 
to assist them. 
During the current programming period 1994-99, between 15% and 20% of the total resources of the 
Funds will be specifically earmarked for measures to stimulate small firms and improve their 
productive facilities and economic environment (particularly in the regions whose development is 
lagging behind, areas undergoing industrial conversion, rural areas and very thinly populated areas). 
The total amount involved is between ECU 23 and 30 billion. In the three new Member States 
(Austria, Sweden and Finland), the effort devoted to small firms is even greater (30% to 40% of 
Community assistance). It should also be noted that most of the other measures in the programmes 
also help small firms even if they are not directly targeted. 
Finance from the Structural Funds is provided through a wide variety of measures aimed directly at 
small firms. The main ones are: 
• aid for capital investment through direct grants or financial engineering measures (venture capital 
fund or start-up capital, leasing, etc.); 
• part-financing business start-up areas; 
• training, including management training (e.g. under Objective 4 small firms receive aid to 
improve staff qualifications; the Adapt Community Initiative finances training to prepare small 
firms for the impact of industrial change, etc.); 
• advisory and information services (to set up firms, management, marketing, exports or the transfer 
of technologies, direct support for the establishment of service centres such as Business 
Innovation Centres (BICs); 
• measures to promote R&TD {inter alia through pilot projects under RIS - Regional Innovation 
Strategies - and RITTS - Regional Transfer of Technology Strategies); 
• measures relating to the information society; 
• assistance for internationalisation through innovative measures such as Europartenariat or Recite 
II which are intended to promote transnational commercial cooperation among small firms or the 
SMEs Community Initiative. 
To enlarge still further the role of small firms in the programmes now under way, on 30 May 1997 the 
Commission presented "Priorities for the adjustment of Structural Funds programmes to the end of 
1999"4 for Objectives 1 (regions whose development is lagging behind) and 6 (thinly populated areas 
of Sweden and Finland), which should enable the resources available in existing programmes to be 
3 COM(97) 610 of 25 November 1997. 
4 C(97) 1381 of 5 May 1997. 
9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) U -\2 
used to support small firms and initiatives for local development and employment. It is now up to the 
Member States and regions to use these resources to exploit the potential of small firms to create jobs. 
In the case of the programmes for 1997-99 under the new Objective 2 (areas undergoing industrial 
conversion), in November 1997 the Commission adopted a separate communication which describes 
how the new programming period has taken account of the job-creation priority.5 This communication 
stresses the key.role of small firms in creating jobs. 
It can be seen that Structural Funds are gradually developing a priority for small firms which is 
reflected in the greater financial resources provided by the most recent programming documents. 
Along the same lines and in order to provide more information about the measures being part-
financed and their real economic impact on small firms, in July 1997 the Commission began a 
thematic evaluation of the impact of Structural Funds on SMEs6 which covers the whole of current 
programming, including the Community Initiatives. This assessment should provide a response to 
certain comments on the Structural Funds and small firms made by the Court of Auditors in its 1997 
Annual Report (on the year 1996). The results of this assessment are expected to be available by the 
end of 1998 and they will be sent to the budgetary authority. 
5 COM(97) 524 final. 
6 OJ S 133, 12.7.1997. 
CHAPTER 1: 
MAJOR EVENTS OF 1997 CHAPTER 1: 
MAJOR EVENTS OF 1997 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) IS 
1.1. INITIAL GUIDELINES FOR FURTHER ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COHESION 
1.1.1. THE EUROPEAN COHESION FORUM 
On 28, 29 and 30 April 1997, on the initiative of Monika Wulf-Mathies, Member of the Commission 
in charge of regional policy and cohesion, the Commission organised a forum in Brussels following 
the adoption in 1996 of the First Report on economic and social cohesion (COM(96) 542 final of 6 
November 1996). The lessons of that report were presented in detail in the 8th annual report on the 
Structural Funds, published in 1997 (narrower disparities in per capita incomes between Member 
States, but persistent disparities between regions, not only in terms of per capita incomes, but also, 
and especially, of unemployment; more widespread social exclusion and poverty). 
The forum on cohesion attracted over 1 200 people with responsibility for economic and social 
cohesion throughout the Union, and the Presidents and senior representatives of all the European 
Institutions. 
On the future reform of the Structural Funds, planned for the forthcoming programming period (2000-
06), some speakers proposed reducing the number of Objectives so as to simplify procedures, 
concentrate aid and reduce the number of programmes implemented, in particular for Community 
Initiatives. 
Discussions at the forum also confirmed the need to monitor the impact of Community aid. Objective 
criteria should be fixed to measure the efficiency of expenditure. Aid from the Structural Funds 
should be seen less as a right than as an incentive to launch effective programmes. As progress 
towards economic and monetary union makes for tighter budget constraints everywhere, more varied 
means of support need to be considered, such as combining aid with loans, subsidising interest rates, 
providing loan guarantees, and other innovative financing arrangements. 
In their closing speeches, the Members of the Commission responsible for cohesion policy 
summarised the main conclusions of the forum: structural change is gaining momentum, not only in 
the regions where development is lagging behind, but also in industrial regions and rural and urban 
areas. This means that the European Union must make a sustained effort in favour of economic and 
social cohesion. The regions need support to diversify their economic fabric and increase their 
innovation capacity, for example by developing information technologies and RTD activities. It is 
essential for the Structural Funds to give more solid support to acquisition of knowledge and life-long 
learning, and for them to stimulate employment and competitiveness in all possible ways. 
1.1.2. GUIDELINES SET OUT IN "AGENDA 2000"* 
The background to the "Agenda 2000" communication has three features: the accession to the 
European Union of the countries of central and eastern Europe, the establishment of economic and 
monetary union, and the reform of the main Community policies, including cohesion policy and the 
common agricultural policy (both of which have a rural policy component). Agenda 2000 lays down 
the financial perspective for the first years of the coming millennium and defines the priorities which 
Community policies must promote. 
In the field of structural policies, Agenda 2000 was drawn up in the wake of the First Report on 
economic and social cohesion policy, and the cohesion forum (see above). 
COM(97) 2000 (volumes 1, 2 and 3) of 15 July 1997. 
16 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
The proposed financial package for structural policies for the period from 2000 to 2006 was set at 
ECU 286.3 billion (1999 prices), and comprises three components: 
• ECU 218.4 billion for the Structural Funds intended for the present fifteen Member States; 
• ECU 21.0 billion for the Cohesion Fund for the present Member States; 
• ECU 46.9 billion for the applicant countries (ECU 7.3 billion in the pre-accession period and 
ECU 39.6 billion for support after accession). 
The basic principle of cohesion policy, i.e. financial solidarity, is of course maintained. The likely 
accession of new countries with very divergent levels of development makes it more necessary than 
ever. The Commission therefore proposes to maintain the financial effort at the level to be attained in 
1999, equivalent to 0.46% of the Union's GNP. 
Agenda 2000 also fixes the principles that will enhance the efficiency of cohesion policy: in 
particular, financing will be further concentrated in smaller regions or areas in order to ensure an 
adequate leverage effect. This greater concentration is necessary in view of the budget constraints 
(present and future) on the Member States, which will prevent them intensifying their effort as a 
percentage of GNP (0.46% in 1999). 
Greater efficiency will also be sought through simplifying implementation, in particular a reduction in 
the number of Objectives from the present seven to only three. 
• The new Objective 1 is identical to the present Objective 1, and the eligibility criteria for regions 
will be strictly applied. The most remote regions, and those at present eligible under Objective 6, 
will be automatically covered by the new Objective 1, which will remain as the priority Objective, 
with about two thirds of Structural Fund financing. Development in the regions covered will be 
supported by all four Structural Funds. 
• The new Objective 2 will concern regions undergoing socio-economic conversion facing major 
unemployment (i.e. declining industrial areas, fragile rural areas, areas dependent on fisheries and 
urban areas in difficulties). The population covered by the new Objective 2 in the period 2000-06 
should not exceed 18%, and the areas covered should broadly coincide with those in receipt of 
regional State aid under Article 92(3)(c) of the Treaty. Conversion in these areas will be 
supported by three Structural Funds (the ERDF, the ESF and the FIFG), and by the EAGGF 
Guarantee Section. 
• The new Objective 3 (development of human resources) is intended to support the adaptation and 
modernisation of education, training and employment policies and systems. It will finance 
operations outside the regions and areas covered by Objectives 1 and 2. Only the ESF will 
contribute to financing under Objective 3. 
Fund operations relating to agricultural structures and rural development will involve the EAGGF 
Guidance Section under Objective 1, with the support of the EAGGF Guarantee Section under 
Objective 2 and in other rural areas of the Union; they should enable farming and the countryside to 
continue adjusting to foreseeable change (changing markets, globalisation of the economy, etc.). 
Against this background, the countryside must also meet society's expectations for improved quality 
of the environment by harmonising economic development with the protection of natural assets. In 
order to contribute to the sustainable development of rural areas, agro-environmental measures will be 
given greater importance. 
The work of the Structural Funds will also be enhanced through a new partnership approach between 
the Commission and the Member States: programme management will be decentralised at the level of 
the Member States and the regions; in return, the Commission will insist on more selectiveness and 
greater rigour in the definition of priorities upstream. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 1_7 
At the same time, monitoring, assessment and checking systems should be reinforced. 
Finally, cooperation between the EIB, the EIF and the Structural Funds is needed to achieve optimum 
leverage. 
In accordance with Agenda 2000, the Commission has prepared proposals for framework regulations 
for the Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund during the period 2000-06. The proposals include a 
general Structural Fund Regulation, specific Regulations for each Fund (ERDF, ESF, FEFG, EAGGF 
support for rural development), a revision of the Cohesion Fund, and a Regulation on a new pre-
accession instrument. These proposals were presented by the Commission on 18 March 1998.2 
1.2. CHANGES IN FUND FINANCING APPROACH 
1.2.1. PRIORITY TO EMPLOYMENT IN NEW OBJECTIVE 2 PROGRAMMES (1997-99) 
The guidelines which the Commission sent to the Member States when preparing the second 
Objective 2 programming period 1997-99 highlighted the absolute priority given to safeguarding and 
promoting employment. As stated in the Commission communication summarising the new 
programmes,3 the new programming documents for Objective 2 prepared in 1997 represented 
substantial progress in quantifying employment effects. In 55 of the 66 programming documents, 
detailed estimates were provided (at the level of the measures), corresponding to about 66% of total 
Community financing. 
The figures supplied for job creation should clearly be treated with caution, in particular because the 
various regions did not use the common methodology proposed by the Commission to estimate 
employment effects. With this caveat, the estimates indicate some 880 000 jobs created, saved or 
reassigned following Objective 2 operations in the course of the period 1997-99. Two thirds of the 
new jobs are in France, Spain and the United Kingdom, the countries that are the main beneficiaries 
under Objective 2. According to recent assessments, this is about the same as in 1989-93. Temporary 
jobs represent a fairly small proportion (about 100 000 jobs for seven Member States). 
In practical terms, the content of the programmes may be summarised under four areas of assistance: 
• supporting the growth and competitiveness of firms, in particular small firms (48% of all planned 
expenditure); 
• training and employment aid, including measures to familiarise workers with advanced 
technologies (34%); 
• renovation and improvement of derelict industrial and urban areas (12%); 
• promotion of tourism, clean technologies, recycling of industrial waste and water, etc. (6%). 
All the measures and projects for the regions undergoing industrial conversion should be under way 
by 31 December 1999 at the latest, and payment should be made by 31 December 2001. 
2 COM(98) 130, COM(98) 131 et COM(98) 138. 
3COM(97) 524 final: 'The new regional programmes 1997-1999 under Objective 2 of the Community's 
Structural policies - focusing on job-creation". 
18 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
l.2.2. PRIORITIES FOR MED-TERM REVIEW OF FUND PROGRAMMES (OTHER THAN OBJECTIVE 2) 
In May 1997 the Commission adopted guidelines laying down priorities for the adaptation of 
Structural Fund programmes until the end of 19994 (except for Objective 2, which was dealt with 
separately: see section 1.2.1). The priorities defined all contribute to the main aim of supporting 
employment, reaffirmed in the Amsterdam Treaty (new Title VI A) and at the extraordinary European 
Council on employment in Luxembourg on 20 and 21 November 1997. 
The purpose of these guidelines is to define a reference framework within which to adjust present 
programmes. These guidelines are based on interim assessments (see section 3.1), and form the basis 
for any mid-term adjustment in programmes for the period 1994-99. The adjustments should be made 
in the course of 1998. 
Six thematic priorities were defined. 
1- Basic infrastructure. Investment in basic infrastructure, in particular in favour of trans-European 
networks (TENs) should make better use of the various financial instruments available, including the 
EIB and the EIF (see sections 5.2 and 5.3). 
2 - The productive environment. The guidelines lay especial stress on improving the international 
competitiveness of small firms, in particular in the services sector (emergence of the information 
society, comprehensive quality management, etc.). They also aim at remedying under-capitalisation of 
businesses, in particular through financial engineering instruments in the structure of aid to small 
businesses. 
3 - R&TD and the information society. The guidelines require special attention to be paid to aid 
measures for technological innovation, and in general to increasing the share of resources allocated to 
R&TD and to innovation (see sections 1.3.1, 1.3.5 and 6.4). 
4 - Environment and sustainable development. The Commission would like more account to be taken 
of preventive measures and the growing importance of the ecology sector (see section 6.2). 
5 - Human resources and education. Attention is drawn once again to the need to move from a passive 
to an active employment policy. At the same time, new structures for human resource development 
need to be organised, e.g. in an appropriate framework of cooperation between small firms (see 
section 6.1). 
6 - Equal opportunities for men and women. It is proposed that measures contributing to promoting 
equal opportunities should be supported; they include such measures as improving social 
infrastructure, access to jobs and working organisation and conditions, access to services, and small 
business start-ups and development (see section 6.3). 
Moreover, the Commission wants to encourage national and regional partners to ensure the quality 
and effectiveness of programmes. This horizontal priority is aimed especially at partnership 
(extension of participation by the two sides of industry and other interested bodies), monitoring 
arrangements (in particular, how they measure performance and identify shortcomings in 
implementation), information and publicity relating to operations financed in the framework of the 
Structural Funds, and the efficiency of payment procedures. 
On the basis of the guidelines and the results of interim evaluations, Monitoring Committees and the 
competent authorities will be expected to suggest or decide adjustments to programmes in progress. 
The adjustments will generally be applied in 1998. 
4C(97) 1381 of 5 May 1997. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (199 7) 19 
1.2.3. IMPLEMENTATION OF TERRITORIAL EMPLOYMENT PACTS 
In June 1996 in Florence, the Heads of State and Government gave a favourable reception to the 
European Commission guidelines intended to reinforce the impact on employment of Community 
structural operations (COM(96) 109 of 10 June 1996). In particular, they recognised the need for a 
broader and stronger partnership to implement employment measures, as recommended in the 
Commission paper on "Action for employment in Europe: A confidence pact", presented in 1996. 
The Dublin European Council in December 1996 reaffirmed this approach, and urged swift 
implementation of the pilot projects to be developed into territorial employment pacts on the basis of 
applications from areas or cities selected by the national authorities. The Amsterdam Council in June 
1997 took note of the list of areas chosen. 
Three selection criteria 
To be taken into consideration, proposals for territorial pacts selected by the Member States must 
meet three criteria: 
• a "bottom-up" approach, i.e. based on initiatives originating at local level; 
• a broad partnership comprising all those involved at local level: administrations and public sector, 
two sides of industry, private bodies and associations with a significant role in favour of 
employment; 
• an integrated approach based on an accurate diagnosis of the local situation and leading to 
innovative coordinated action (employment action plans). 
What progress had been made by the end of 1997? 
Eighty-nine draft pacts from areas or cities in all fifteen Member States of the Union were declared 
eligible for Community technical assistance. Such assistance takes the form of maximum aid of 
ECU 200 000 for each pact to pay for setting up an action plan for employment and publicising its 
content at European level. By 31 December 1997, decisions on granting technical assistance from the 
Funds had been taken for 84 pacts (22 under Article 6 ESF, eight under Article 8 EAGGF Guidance 
Section and 54 under Article 7 ERDF). 
The first action plans under the 89 employment pacts will be drawn up in the course of the first half of 
1998. Once they have been approved, they can be implemented, and should receive Structural Fund 
aid under existing programmes until the end of 1999. 
The Commission will endeavour by appropriate means when the time comes to summarise the content 
of the employment pacts and so draw conclusions from them for job-creation. 
1.2.4. THE SEM 2000 INITIATIVE: IMPROVING MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF THE FUNDS 
In the framework of the SEM 2000 operation ("Sound and Efficient Management"), the Commission 
adopted three decisions in 1997 with a view to improving the management and control of the 
Structural Funds. 
1 - Datasheets on eligibility of expenditure: 
In April 1997, the Commission adopted a series of decisions5 identifying categoricr- o\ expenditure 
eligible for Structural Fund financing, in areas which had previously appeared problematic. There are 
22 datasheets laying down specific rules for the following categories of expenditure: 
5 OJL 146, 5.6.1997. 
20 9th A nnual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
definition of 'final beneficiary' of assistance; period of eligibility; validity of the commitment at 
Member State level; details on the principle of real cost; overhead allocation; depreciation; national 
part-financing in kind; book-keeping of bank interest earned on Community advances; book-keeping 
entries of other receipts; financial, banking and legal charges; costs of bank guarantees; purchase of 
second-hand equipment; purchase of land; purchase of real estate; VAT and other taxes and charges; 
alternative financing of part-financed projects; current operations/restructuring of company balance 
sheets; financial engineering: guarantee funds; financial engineering: venture-capital funds; leasing; 
schemes involving refundable aid; costs incurred by public administration, including salaries of 
Member States' civil servants. 
These specific rules should help operators on the ground to know what the Funds can part-finance in 
accordance with current programmes, and thus avoid irregularities in the management of the Funds 
(see section 4.2). 
2 - Regulation (EC) No 2064/97. setting out the rules the Member States must observe for 
financial control of operations co-financed by the Structural Funds** 
This Commission Regulation, adopted on 15 October 1997, defines the basic rules to be applied by 
the Member States for financial control of expenditure. It was established pursuant to Article 23 of 
Council Regulation (EEC) No 4253/88 (amended by Regulation (EEC) No 2082/93) on coordination 
of the Funds, and it determines: 
• the general aims of financial control (including that of providing a sufficient audit trail), 
• the minimum percentage of expenditure which controls must cover (5% of expenditure under each 
programme), 
• controls at the level of projects, 
• the statement on controls to be drawn up at the closure of forms of assistance. 
The Regulation came into force in November 1997, except for Article 8 (statement on controls), 
which came into force on 1 January 1998. 
3 - The internal Commission guidelines on the application of net financial corrections 
These guidelines were adopted on 15 October 1997 in the context of Article 24 of Council Regulation 
(EEC) No 4253/88. They specify the circumstances in which the Commission could be led to apply a 
net financial correction (i.e. a reduction) in its financial contribution to a programme. The basic 
reason for such a correction would be significant failure on the part of a Member State to comply with 
its obligations relating to financial controls. 
1.3. DEVELOPMENT OF THEMATIC PRIORITIES FOR COHESION 
Following on from the analyses developed in earlier years (such as "cohesion policy and the 
environment" in 1995 or "cohesion policy and culture" in 1996), the Commission has launched 
discussions in a number of new areas where priorities could be defined for economic and social 
cohesion policy. As the Structural Funds are the main instruments of this policy, they are closely 
concerned by these thematic approaches. 
6 OJL 290, 23.10.1997. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 21 
1.3.1. THE CHALLENGE OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY (COM(97) 7) 
On 22 January 1997, the Commission adopted a communication entitled "Cohesion and the 
information society" (COM(97) 7). The capacity of the regions to use the tools of the information 
society is an increasingly important factor determining their competitiveness on European and world 
markets. These tools: 
• provide firms with a range of location possibilities so that they can take advantage of differential 
costs and/or opportunities on various local markets, 
• enable firms to respond rapidly to a constantly changing economic environment, by adopting 
flexible forms of organisation, 
• enable firms to take advantage of the economies available from networking. 
In many fields there are major disparities, not only between Member States but also within the same 
Member State, in access to information, in the quality and availability of information, and in 
communications infrastructure. The disparity is even more marked in terms of the broader conditions 
for full use of the information society, such as the educational level required for general use of 
information society services, the role of the public and private sectors in promoting the information 
society, or awareness among the public at large. 
Finally, the process of liberalisation improves the sensitivity of telecommunications operators and 
service providers to effective demand, and makes them more aware of the cost of supplying the 
service. From the point of view of cohesion, there is a risk that the areas where demand is most 
concentrated will benefit increasingly from new investment in telecommunications infrastructure. On 
the other hand, areas where demand is dispersed could become information society "deserts". 
The Commission has identified a number of political guidelines which regions, Member States and 
the Commission itself could usefully explore. 
From the point of view of regulation, the Commission recommends that the Member States follow the 
schedule fixed for the liberalisation of markets, for uncertainty about the rules is likely to compromise 
new investment in the very areas where the profitability of the investment is least certain. The 
Commission adds, however, that this schedule must be supplemented by other measures, especially 
arrangements for authorisation and rules concerning universal service. 
At the level of investment, it is clear that in a competitive environment the criteria for public 
financing of infrastructure will become increasingly rigorous. As disparities in infrastructure are 
nevertheless still significant, the Commission would ask the Member States and regions concerned to 
study carefully the investment decisions (including those assisted by the Structural Funds) to ensure 
genuine additionality and targeting investment on projects that contribute most directly to cohesion in 
the regions where the investment would not occur under market conditions. 
Finally, the Member States and regions have a major role to play in taking account of the "intangible" 
elements of the information society, i.e. obstacles relating to economics, management and education. 
The information society is a dynamic concept which will take different forms depending on 
institutional relations, traditions, cultural habits, and the economic structure of the country or region 
concerned. The Commission asks the public authorities to take the initiative in encouraging strategy 
formulation, the improvement of the conditions for learning, the creation of appropriate structures, 
developing public awareness, and promoting synergy through bettei u.v. o; the various sources of 
financing. 
The Commission intends to exploit synergies better by increasing the coherence of its action relating 
to the information society; to integrate the cohesion dimension fully into forthcoming legislative 
initiatives, in particular its report on the rules for universal service (1 January 1998); and to 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
accompany and support measures by the Member States in the framework of the Structural Funds. 
The information society has been recognised as a key factor in the conversion of Objective 2 areas, 
and now appears as a major priority for the new guidelines for Objective 1 and Objective 6 regions. 
Its role in regional development policy is certainly set to increase in future. 
1.3.2. TOWARDS AN URBAN AGENDA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION (COM(97) 197) 
The Commission has embarked on a dialogue on the future of urban development on the basis of a 
communication adopted on 6 May 1997 entitled "Towards an urban agenda in the European Union". 
The central question is to draw up a coordinated and coherent response to a growing number of urban 
problems. 
The Commission would like to launch a debate within the European institutions and with the non­
governmental organisations and associations whose action is mainly centred in towns and cities. This 
should enable urban considerations to be a more integral factor in the strategy of the Union's future 
policies. Community policies on the environment, transport, employment, social integration, energy, 
research and technological development (RTD), and, of course, economic and social cohesion, are 
already having an impact on the towns and cities of the Union. 
Cities are the motors of economic growth, competitiveness and employment, and their relative 
strengths and weaknesses are reflected directly in regional disparities across Europe. At the same 
time, the problems experienced in Europe's cities are steadily worsening: traffic congestion, 
unemployment, environmental nuisance, poverty and exclusion, poor housing, crime and drug 
addiction. 
Nevertheless, cities may afford opportunities for a better quality of life, in cultural and social as well 
as economic terms. Moreover, by allowing concentration of activities, they provide considerable 
advantages in achieving a model of sustainable development. 
The Commission stresses the need for an integrated response to meet urban challenges. Integration 
requires better coordination of action at local, regional, national and also European level: at present, it 
seems that action is too dispersed. Coherent programming will enable cities to approach their 
problems in a more constructive way, and to take advantage of their potential. 
The Structural Funds can be used for measures to respond to urban problems: for example by 
targeting major pockets of unemployment in inner cities and densely populated city outskirts, or by 
improving infrastructure and public transport systems to enhance the accessibility of the outskirts. 
The communication should contribute to a wide-ranging debate on the role of towns and cities in the 
Union. It has already been examined at an informal meeting of the Ministers responsible for regional 
policy and regional development at Noordwijk in June 1997. The European Parliament, the Economic 
and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions started work on the subject in 1997 and they 
are expected to adopt official positions in 1998. 
The Commission intends to present the results of this debate in the course of an "Urban Forum" to be 
organised in Vienna on 26 and 27 November 1998. 
1.3.3. SYMPOSIUM ON THE "LEADER" INITIATIVE FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT 
On 9, 10 and 11 November 1997, a conference was held in Brussels to discuss the Leader Initiative 
and rural development. Over 1 000 participants represented local action groups and others engaged in 
local development, and the Member States and applicant countries. The symposium provided an 
opportunity to pool experience, to investigate possibilities for cooperation between different 
geographical areas, and to draw conclusions for the future. The results of the symposium were 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 23 
especially useful in the context of preparing Agenda 2000 (see section 1.1.2), which provides, among 
other things, for a new Community Initiative for rural development. 
In his closing speech, the Member of the Commission responsible for agriculture and rural 
development, Franz Fischler, stressed the need to plan for a new Community Initiative for rural 
development, beyond 1999, based on local partnership, encouraging private initiative and innovation, 
and safeguarding specific regional identity. To reinforce the impact of this initiative and facilitate 
transnational cooperation, it is essential to maintain a network at European level. 
More simplification is also essential to reinforce transparency and enhance the implementation of this 
Initiative in the framework of partnership, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, to take 
more account of the diversity of the countryside. 
To ensure that all rural regions have an opportunity to establish their own development strategy, the 
new Initiative must be suitable for introduction throughout Community territory. 
It should also contribute to improving the employment situation and the quality of life and the 
environment in rural regions. 
1.3.4. REGIONAL POLICY AND COMPETITION POLICY 
At present.-for the current Structural Funds programming period, there are divergencies between the 
territorial coverage of national regional aid and that of the regional Objectives of the Funds: the 
population in areas eligible under the Funds (almost 51% of the Community population) is greater 
than that of areas eligible for assistance from the Member States (almost 47%); moreover, there are 
inconsistencies, mainly between the map of national aid and the map of Objectives 2 and 5(b). A 
distinction should be made between the areas in receipt of national aid but not eligible under the 
Structural Funds (which are not really a problem), and those eligible for Fund aid but not covered by a 
national regional aid scheme. 
In the second category of regions, the efficiency of Fund operations is compromised because 
assistance to firms must comply with the conditions for granting State aid in non-assisted regions, 
which are much less favourable. A further disadvantage of different treatment for regions depending 
on whether or not they are covered by a regional aid scheme is that it adversely affects the political 
comprehensibility of the Union's structural action. 
Consequently, when adopting the new guidelines for regional aid on 16 December 1997 (see section 
6.7), the Commission examined a communication to the Member States concerning consistency 
between regional policy and competition policy. In this communication, which was actually adopted 
in March 1998,7 the Commission opened the way to solving the problems raised by these 
inconsistencies. The proposal is relevant to the need, stressed in Agenda 2000, for a stronger 
geographical concentration of structural operations in the next programming period, so that, overall, 
the map of areas eligible under the Structural Funds is within that of areas eligible for State aid, which 
will be subject to a ceiling of 42.7% of the population of the Union. In accordance with this principle, 
the following conditions must also be fulfilled when the new map is defined for the Structural Funds: 
the criterion for defining regions eligible for assistance under Objective 1, i.e. regions whose 
development is lagging behind (per capita GDP at 75% of the Community average) must be strictly 
applied; eligibility under the new Objective 2 must cover only areas proposed for Article 93(2)(c) as 
well, with other regions being included only by way of exception and area limits for the Structural 
Funds and for regional State aid must be defined concomitantly, so that the two maps can come into 
force on 1 January 2000. 
C(1998) 673 final of 17 March 1998. 
24 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
1.3.5. COMPETITIVENESS, R&TD AND INNOVATION 
The Commission has prepared a communication on "Reinforcing cohesion and competitiveness 
through research, technological development and innovation"8. 
In order to reinforce the competitive capacity of the least favoured regions, it is necessary to ensure 
that R&TD and innovation policies are directed to the productive fabric of the region, and integrated 
into it, and that these policies are supported people in the regions so as to identify and direct resources 
towards regional strategic priorities. The Structural Funds and the framework programme for research 
have roles to play in this process; for, although some aspects of technology are converging, the 
technological gap is still significant, in particular between regions. 
Consequently, analysis has sought to identify practical solutions that would enable Community 
policies to adopt a systemic approach to R&TD and innovation, so as to contribute to the economic 
growth of the least favoured regions and to help promote economic and social cohesion. 
8 COM(98) 275 of 27 May 1998. 
CHAPTER 2: 
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAMMING IN THE MEMBER STATES 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (199 7) 2 7 
2.1. GENERAL PRESENTATION BY OBJECTIVE 
2.1.1. THE ADOPTION OF NEW PROGRAMMES IN 1997 
The second part of the current programming period began in 1997, which was also the third full year 
of the Funds' work during this period. Virtually all programmes are now being implemented on the 
ground, apart form some Community Initiative programmes which were adopted late, in 1997. Some 
new programmes were, however, adopted during the year, mainly for Objective 2 (declining industrial 
areas) for the new programming period 1997-99. (It will be recalled that programming for Objective 2 
is divided into two three-year periods: 1994-96 and 1997-99, apart from the three new Member 
States: Sweden and Austria, which opted for a single period from 1995 to 1999; Finland which opted 
for 2 periods: from 1995 to 1996 and from 1997 to 1999). 
A total of 88 new operations were adopted in 1997 under the various Objectives. Most (81%) were 
under Objective 2: between March and December 66 SPDs and five Operational Programmes for 
Spain were adopted under that Objective. Three Objective 2 programmes were not adopted in 1997 
but will be in 1998, they concern Madrid, the Basque Country and multiregional assistance in Spain 
from the ESF (see section 2.1.4 on the implementation of Objective 2). The Community will 
contribute a total of ECU 8 515 million. 
In addition, 33 programmes under the Community Initiatives were adopted in 1997 (see 2.1.8). 
As well as new programmes being adopted, a large number of amendments were made to existing 
programmes. Most of these concerned the annual indexation of assistance and very few had any real 
financial impact 
2.1.2. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF IMPLEMENTATION 
Like 1996, 1997 was an interim year devoted to implementation on the ground and ensuring the 
progress of programmes. It was marked by a general speeding up of the implementation of assistance, 
as can be seen from the two charts below. 
By the end of 1997, programming for the 1994-99 Structural Funds Objectives was being 
implemented through 580 forms of assistance (SPDs, OPs, global grants, major projects), of which 
50% were SPDs and 44% OPs. There were also the Community Initiatives, which were being 
implemented through 446 programmes. In all, therefore, 1 026 programmes have been adopted under 
the Structural Funds since 1994. 
28 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
Assistance from the Structural Funds 1994-99 (CSFs and SPDs) in ECU million at 1997 prices 
at 31 December 1997 
B 
DK 
D 
EL 
E 
F 
IRL 
1 
L 
NL 
A 
P 
FIN 
S 
UK 
TOTAL Total 
1.850,11 
755,26 
19.793,76 
13.902,33 
30.543,85 
13.544,61 
5.708,42 
19.561,72 
85,49 
2.172,70 
1.482,12 
14.106,82 
1.549,58 
1.217,55 
11.355,00 
137.629,34 ERDF 
852,43 
118,07 
8.516,06 
9.367,05 
16.860,49 
5.362,53 
2.603,95 
10.821,80 
15,62 
598,07 
352,84 
8.762,63 
417,23 
314,88 
5.431,30 
70.394,95 ESF 
727,23 
343,65 
6.803,41 
2.585,07 
8.455,94 
4.724,80 
2.009,10 
4.982,09 
26,84 
1.379,16 
539,30 
3.183,93 
523,80 
652,48 
5.215,84 
42.152,63 EAGGF 
244,81 
151,00 
4.285,49 
1.818,41 
4.089,39 
3.229,18 
1.047,67 
3.384,54 
41,93 
140,37 
587,98 
1.952,11 
581,56 
204,73 
583,98 
22.343,15 FIFG 
25,64 
142,54 
188,80 
131,80 
1.138,03 
228,10 
47,70 
373,30 
1,10 
55,10 
2,00 
208,15 
27,00 
45,46 
123,88 
2.738,60 
Objective 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5(a) (agric.) 
5(a) (fisheries) 
5(b) 
6 
TOTAL Total 
93.428,55 
15.063,99 
12.895,88 
2.284,72 
5.418,11 
892,61 
6.933,57 
711,90 
137.629,34 ERDF 
55.441,67 
11.671,79 
2.986,36 
295,14 
70.394,95 ESF 
22.358,15 
3.392,20 
12.895,88 
2.284,72 
1.052,00 
169,68 
42.152,63 EAGGF 
13.790,85 
5.418,11 
2.895,21 
238,98 
22.343,15 FIFG 
1.837,89 
892,61 
8,10 
2.738,60 
CSFs and SPDs: Implementation from 1994 to 1997 (in ECU million) over all Objectives 
Commitments/total assistance Payments/total assistance 
1994 1995 1996 1997 1994 1995 1996 1997 
The implementation of programming in 1997 speeded up the process of compensating for the delays 
in using appropriations which had built up in 1994 and 1995. For Objectives 1 to 6 taken together, 
99% of the available appropriations were committed by the end of 1997 and 100% paid. The 
appropriations committed since 1994 accounted for 62% of assistance for the period. Commitments in 
1997 therefore amounted to 29% of total commitments since 1994. The situation varies widely from 
one Member State to another (see the annexed detailed Table). By the end of 1997, commitments in 
two Member States (Spain at 68% and Portugal at 70%) were far in advance of the financial 
perspective of 61%. In Sweden, by contrast, the rate of consumption (45%) was particularly low. 
Payments too speeded up, amounting to 46% of assistance by the end of the year as compared with 
31% at the end of 1996, an increase of 15 points. As in the case of commitments, implementation of 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 29 
payments varied widely from one Member State to another, representing the largest percentages of 
assistance in Spain (52%), Ireland (55%) and Portugal (56%) and the smallest in Italy (33%), Sweden 
(30%) and Finland (39%). In the latter two cases, the reason for these low rates was that programming 
started later following their accession in 1995. 
Implementation is furthest advanced in Objectives 1, 2 and 3, where over 60% of assistance was 
committed and between 43% and 48% paid. It was least advanced in Objectives 4, 5(b) and 6, where 
commitments totalled less than 50% of assistance and payments less than 35%. (For a breakdown by 
Objective, see the sections below). 
Support for small firms under the various Objectives 
The Community support frameworks (CSFs) and single programming documents (SPDs) specifically 
earmark 15% to 20% of the total resources of the Funds (i.e. ECU 23 to 30 billion) for measures 
to encourage small firms and improve their productive facilities and economic environment. 
In the three new Member States (Austria, Finland and Sweden), concentration on small firms is 
substantially higher (30% to 40% of Community assistance). 
On 30 May 1997, the Commission presented guidelines on the adjustment of Structural Funds 
programmes for Objectives 1 to 6 (see section 1.2.2) which proposed making greater use of the 
resources available in the existing programmes to support small firms and local development and 
employment initiatives. The proposed priorities focus primarily on job-creation, mainly by small 
firms. Overall, the amounts intended for such firms under Objective 1 during this programming period 
are estimated at 11% to 19% (ECU 10 to 17 billion). Estimates for Objective 6 range from 9% to 27% 
(ECU 65 to 192 million). 
The development of small firms is also a priority for Objective 2 (see section 1.2.1) as is reflected in 
the SPDs submitted by the Member States and adopted by the Commission for the new programming 
period 1997-99. The amounts for small firms during the current period are estimated at 25% of total 
funding, or about ECU 3 700 million. 
The sums allocated to small firms under Objectives 3 and 4 are estimated at about 14% of total 
funding, or about ECU 2 100 million for the current programming period. 
The amounts under Objective 5(a) agriculture are estimated at 59% of total funding, or ECU 3 
billion. Objective 5(a) fisheries will devote between 80% and 100% of its total resources (ECU 700 
to 880 million) to small firms. 
Small firms receive support under Objective 5(b) both to assist in their establishment and survival 
and to improve their environment. Between 1994 and 1999, about 25% of appropriations (ECU 1.8 
billion) will be spent on productive investment in small firms, craft businesses and services. 
An information network for small firms: the Euro Info Centres 
1. A broad network of assistance 
The network of Euro Info Centres (EICs) has 227 members in the European Union and 21 
corresponding centres in the CEECs and non-member Mediterranean countries. The EICs constitute a 
unique network within various structures: public, private or mixed (chambers of commerce, local 
development agencies or banks) and operating in close contact with small firms. They place a variety 
of skills at the exclusive disposal of business and provide small firms with a range of general skills on 
Community matters. 
30 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
They offer small firms a special link with Europe and provide firms with information, launch 
assistance, advice and help on all matters relating to Community programmes and policies. The range 
of services includes information, initial advice and the transmission of information from these firms. 
2. The Euro Info Centres and the Structural Funds 
The EIC play an important role in keeping small firms informed about the opportunities which the 
regional programmes offer them. To this end, the network of EICs has held information meetings, 
particularly on the SMEs Community Initiative and interregional cooperation under Article 10 of the 
ERDF Regulation. The compendia of successful projects which have contributed to local development 
in Germany and Italy are outstanding. The specialist EICs constitute a vital channel for transmitting 
local information to the Commission. EICs provide technical assistance to local, regional and national 
authorities on the design and implementation of programmes supported by the Structural Funds and 
often take part in designing and promoting regional development programmes such as Interreg and 
Ecos-Ouverture. The EICs were involved in promoting the Directoria event on interregional 
cooperation held in Strasbourg on 24-26 February 1997 and about ten members of the network were 
present on the European Union stand. 
3. A new task for the Euro Info Centres 
The 1996 Council decision on a third multiannual programme for small firms made the EICs the first 
port of call for small firms seeking information on the Community ("First Stop Shops"). This new 
task should provide small firms with simpler, more straightforward and hence more effective access to 
the legislation, programmes and opportunities of the European Union. It took the form of a strategy 
for adapting the network which was favourably received by the Member States on 19 September. This 
strategy sets out the exact implications of the "First Stop Shop" concept, the range of services offered 
by the EIC and the ways of forwarding information from small firms. The strategy includes an 
agreement on improving cooperation at local level between the network of EIC and that of the 
Business Information Centres (BICs, see section 2.1.9). 
A network at the service of regional development: the Business Information Centres (BICs) 
In recent years, the Commission has supported the launch of a large number of services to firms, the 
BICs, which help establish innovative firms and modernise and develop existing small firms. There 
are now 140 BICs in the Union, mainly in the areas eligible under Objectives 1 and 2 but also in those 
eligible under Objectives 5(b) and 6. Their tasks are to identify opportunities for the establishment of 
firms, train future heads of firms in management and the design of a business plan, monitor the 
development of the planned firm by providing logistical support at local level or advice and help 
secure financial support for the project, mainly through contacts with local financial institutions. 
2.1.3. IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVES 1 (REGIONS WHOSE DEVELOPMENT IS LAGGING 
BEHIND) AND 6 (THINLY POPULATED REGIONS) 
During 1997 13 items of assistance were adopted under Objective 1. They comprised seven 
operational programmes (six in Italy and one in Portugal), two major projects (in Spain) and four 
global grants (one in Spain, two in Italy and one in Greece). Assistance totalled ECU 592.4 million, 
0.6% of total assistance for 1994-99. No programmes for Objective 6 were adopted in 1997. 
Overall, Objective 1 is being implemented through 196 forms of assistance (SPDs, OPs, global grants 
and major projects) and Objective 6 through two SPDs. 
Most programming (110 of the 198 items of assistance, or 56%) is being implemented on a 
regionalised basis. 
Spain alone accounts for 27.5% of total Community finance under Objective 1 and 34% of the 
implementing documents. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 31 
Implementation of appropriations under Objective 1 
Like 1996, 1997 saw a substantial increase in the pace of programme implementation, as can be seen 
from the graphs below: 
Commitments/total assistance Payments/total assistance 
tZZI% annual ! 
—»-% cumulated 30% 
1994 1995 1996 1997 1994 1995 1996 1997 
By the end of 1997, 64% of appropriations had been committed (as compared with 46% at the end of 
1996) and 48% of payments made (33%). This meant that all appropriations, both commitment and 
payment, available during the year were used. This high level of implementation was particularly 
noticeable in two of the main beneficiaries under Objective 1, Spain and Portugal, where rates of 
utilisation for 1994-97 amounted to 69% and 70% of commitments and 53% and 56% of payments 
respectively. The Member States where delays in implementing Objective 1 were greatest are the 
most prosperous: Netherlands, France and Belgium were very slow in making commitments (38%, 
44% and 47% respectively) while in Italy and Austria delays mainly affected payments. In the case of 
France, this delay was mainly the result of the failure to commit ECU 190 million in 1997 because of 
insufficient declarations of expenditure. 
The situations with regard to the two countries eligible under Objective 6 were very different. 
Progress in implementing programmes in Finland, where 59% of appropriations had been committed 
by the end of 1997 was much greater than in Sweden (only 32%). 
Small firms under Objectives 1 and 6 
Because of the financial concentration of the Funds on the Objective 1 regions, much greater amounts 
(ECU 10 to 17 billion for the current 1994-99 programming period) have gone to develop small firms 
in those regions than in other eligible areas. A recent study has shown that direct assistance accounts 
for 11% to 19% of total Community assistance. Furthermore, small firms occupy a major place in the 
economic fabric of the countries most concerned (Spain, Greece, Portugal, Italy and Ireland). Support 
for these firms is therefore an important means of promoting the economic development of less 
advanced regions and helping combat unemployment there. The type of assistance varies very much 
from one Member State to another but there is one constant feature: in the cohesion countries (Spain, 
Portugal, Greece and Ireland) where finance in the form of physical infrastructure for small firms 
(business parks) is less developed than in the other Member States. Furthermore, financial 
engineering occupies only a limited place, if any, in the range of measures to assist small firms in 
these Member States (0% in Greece and Portugal), mainly because of the small number of financial 
institutions concerned with economic development. R&TD accounts for a major proportion of 
assistance in Portugal (27.3%) and Ireland (13.2%) but is merely a discussion topic in Greece (1%). 
Training for the management and staff of small firms is less important in the cohesion countries than 
in the other Objective 1 regions. In the regions eligible under Objective 6, measures for small firms 
concern mainly advisory services and staff training. The study also shows that the impact on 
employment of measures for small firms under Objectives 1 and 6 amounts to about 285 000 net jobs 
created between 1994 and 1999. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
Priorities for the interim evaluations of Objectives 1 and 6 
On 30 May 1997 the Commission notified the Member States of the guidelines for the mid-term 
revision of the Structural Funds programmes (see section 1.2.2) excluding Objective 2 (for which the 
new programmes for 1997-99 were being adopted, see 1.2.1). These guidelines were designed to 
supplement the interim evaluations carried out in partnership and covered a significant number of the 
programmes in progress (see below). The exercise revealed, for example, that measures for human 
resources had yielded satisfactory results, particularly those concerning the training of young people, 
while those for the long-term unemployed and the staff of small firms had encountered some 
problems. 
2.1.4. IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE 2 (AREAS UNDERGOING INDUSTRIAL CONVERSION) 
1997 was the first year of implementation of the new programming period for Objective 2 (1997-99). 
For this period, the Commission approved 66 SPDs and one CSF (for Spain, including five 
programmes). As the Commission's communication1 described in detail, the new programmes stress 
job-creating investment and sustainable development and the development of human resources. A 
more targeted approach was adopted with regard to measures to promote research and technological 
development, the transfer of technologies and the industrial application of research results. The role of 
the local economy (local initiatives for development and employment) also features in the new 
programmes, since they can provide new jobs, for example in the social or cultural field. 
For the period 1994-99, Objective 2 is being implemented by a total of 153 forms of assistance (SPDs 
and OPs). 
At the end of the first programming period (1994-96), the funding as reduced for the 12 existing 
Member States had been committed. The figure for the three new Member States was 71%. In 
accordance with Article 9 of the Framework Regulation, the Commission decided to transfer the 
appropriations not used during the first programming period (1994-96) to the second (1997-99). These 
totalled ECU 848 million, or 11.7% of assistance for the first period bringing the total amount 
allocated to Objective 2 for 1997-99 to ECU 8 515 million (as compared with ECU 15 064 million for 
1994-99). 
Breakdown under Objective 2 (1997-99) 
Assistance B 
216,15 DK 
68,23 D 
901,13 E* 
1.485,05 F 
2.247,29 1 
967,74 L 
9,84 NL 
442,12 (ECU million) 
FIN I UK 
135,29 2.675,78 Total 
9.148,61 
Including ECU 848 million transferred from 1994-96 
* Programmed by CSF, other countries by SPD 
Implementation of appropriations under Objective 2 for 1994-99 
By the end of 1997, 61% of appropriations for the entire period 1994-99 and all those available for 
1997 had been committed. There were some delays in the implementation of programmes for 1994-97 
in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Finland while commitments in Luxembourg, Austria, 
Denmark and Spain were above average. The delay in implementation in the United Kingdom was 
mainly due to the very small number of commitments under the ERDF in 1997 because the partners 
had concentrated on completing strategies for the approval of future projects. 
1 COM(97) 524 final 'The New Regional programmes 1997-1999 under Objective 2 of the Community's 
Structural Policies - focusing on job-creation". (See section 1.2.1). 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 33 
Commitments/total assistance Payments/total assistance 
1994 1995 1996 1997 1994 1995 1996 1997 
All the payment appropriations available in 1997 were used so that 43% of total assistance adopted 
for 1994-99 had been paid by the end of 1997. This is a distinct improvement on 1996 (when only 
23% of assistance had been paid). The speed up in the implementation of programmes in 1997 was 
even more marked in the case of Objective 2 than Objective 1. 
Small firms under Objective 2 
The guidelines adopted by the Commission in 1997 (COM(97) 524 final) set out the priorities for the 
measures to be emphasised in the new Objective 2 programmes for 1997-99 (see section 1.2.1). The 
content of the programmes reflects these priorities. Measures to support growth and competitiveness 
in firms account for a total of 48% of planned expenditure. More specifically, direct assistance to 
small firms is put at 25% of total Community funding (about ECU 3.7 billion). 
For example, in Italy the Centro Servizi PMI studied the plastic materials sector and drew up a plan to 
expand the opportunities for training which could be used immediately by firms in the sector and for 
structural assistance to set up continuous dialogue between the firm and the training system to secure 
a multiplier effect. The main aims of the project were to adjust the skills profiles and include in them 
factors concerning organisation and management with a view to adopting systems more in line with 
market needs. 
The training measure has had very positive results: 
creating conditions where firms can compare themselves with each other and cooperate; 
preparation of a joint development model of production methodologies; 
cooperation between the small firms concerned and large firms in the sector; 
possibility of partnerships between firms on innovation and marketing policies. 
This project will help improve performance and levels of employment in firms. 
2.1.5. IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVES 3 AND 4 (HUMAN RESOURCES AND THE LABOUR 
MARKET) 
• IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE 3 (LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED. INTEGRATION OF YOUNG 
PEOPLE. INTEGRATION INTO THE LABOUR MARKET) 
Objective 3 is horizontal in nature and has a number of target groups: the young unemployed, the 
long-term unemployed and those threatened with exclusion from the labour market. 
34 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
Interim evaluations were carried out in 1997 and resulted in the following guidelines: 
• the assistance for young people granted during programming was increased. The number of young 
people trained was greater than originally planned; 
• in the case of the unemployed "threatened" with long-term unemployment and the long-term 
unemployed, the assessors suggested greater concentration on the very long-term unemployed in 
order to concentrate more on those most vulnerable. The traditional training activities for those 
with poor skill levels were the first to be implemented but implementation is slower than in the 
case of young people; 
• the priority for those threatened by exclusion from the labour market covers a wide variety of 
groups (handicapped, ethnic minorities, former convicts, drug addicts, those on social benefits, 
the long-term unemployed, etc.). The problem of the "new poor" has arisen only recently and 
Objective 3 has not yet taken sufficient account of it. In general, monitoring systems do not 
identify the groups which have actually taken part in these measures. This is the priority which 
has the greatest variety of measures and promoters as compared with previous periods; 
• analyses of equal opportunities for men and women suggest that, although they sometimes 
account for half those benefiting from assistance, women are under-represented in terms of the 
difficulties they encounter in their working lives. 
The breakdown by group of the public is not always based on objective criteria of vulnerability on the 
labour market and may therefore result in the under-representation of those most affected. 
Commitments/total assistance Payments/total assistance 
70% 
60% 
50% 
40% 
30% 
20% 
10% 
0% 65% 
14% 12% 22% 17% tZZJ% annual 
—*-% cumulated 
1994 1995 1996 1997 1994 1995 1996 1997 
Programme implementation was, in general, satisfactory. Along with Objective 1, Objective 3 has one 
of the best rates of implementation taking all four years together. All the appropriations available in 
1997 were both committed and paid. However, there were some substantial reprogrammings from one 
priority to another (usually towards the priority for young people). 
• IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE 4 (INDUSTRIAL CHANGE AND CHANGES IN SYSTEMS OF 
PRODUCTION) 
Objective 4 is a horizontal Objective which seeks to ease the adaptation of workers to industrial 
change. Potentially, therefore, it concerns all workers, particularly those likely to lose their jobs. 
Objective 4 pays particular attention to small firms. It has three main strands: anticipating labour 
market trends and the needs for vocational skills, vocational training and retraining and assistance to 
improve and develop training systems. 
During 1997 the United Kingdom submitted its draft SPD for Objective 4 (1998-99) for the first time. 
This programme is expected to be approved in spring 1998. At the end of 1997, Objective 4 was being 
implemented through 15 programming documents (10 SPDs and 5 OPs). 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 35 
Implementation of appropriations under Objective 4 
Commitments/total assistance Payments/total assistance 
1994 1995 1996 1997 1994 1995 1996 1997 
The level of implementation of Objective 4 in 1997 was much improved over previous years with all 
commitment and payment appropriations available in 1997 being used. During 1997 21% of the 
appropriations for 1994-99 were committed, which offset some of the backlog which had built up 
during the first three years of implementation. However, this very good performance was not entirely 
sufficient, since only 49% of the total appropriations had been committed by the end of 1997 (as 
against 62% for all the Objectives taken together). This was also the case for payments, which 
amounted to 16% of the appropriations for the period in 1997 and a cumulative total of 30% of 
appropriations, which made up only some of the backlog accumulated since 1994. This general delay 
in implementing Objective 4 was due mainly to three factors: the slow start to programmes in 1994 
and 1995, the fact that the United Kingdom did not submit its SPD until the end of 1997 although it 
was one of the main beneficiaries and the under-utilisation of certain priorities (anticipation and 
technical assistance) of the SPD for Italy. However, the process has begun and the implementation 
rate for Objective 4 should improve substantially in 1998. 
After four years of implementation, Objective 4 is gradually revealing its real potential for innovation 
as a tool for adjusting training systems to meet the challenges of industrial change and as an effective 
instrument for reaching out to small firms. Its targeting of measures at such firms has proved 
successful, although its measures for women and poorly qualified workers have been less successful. 
Small firms and Objective 4 
Small firms are the businesses most exposed to industrial change. At the same time, they are major 
creators of new jobs. That is why Objective 4 gives priority to helping small firms with training and 
the management of human resources. 
In Spain, for example, most training for firms with fewer than 200 workers is covered by joint sectoral 
or multisectoral training plans drawn up by both sides of industry. In Germany and the Scandinavian 
countries, virtually all persons and organisations involved in supplying on-going training to workers 
(employers, workers, universities, training centres, employment services, public authorities, etc.) have 
grouped themselves in regional and local networks. A German project is training workers in small 
firms in distance working using the Internet. Such activities form a natural part of the Objective 4 
training priority because they concern on-going vocational training and the acquisition of new skills in 
the information society in Europe. 
36 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
2.1.6. IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE 5(a) (STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT IN AGRICULTURE AND 
FISHERIES) 
• OBJECTIVE 5(a) - AGRICULTURE 
Objective 5(a) is a horizontal Objective for agriculture which supports the modernisation of 
agricultural structures throughout the Union and so is linked to the common agricultural policy. The 
measures financed under Objective 5(a) agriculture may be divided into two groups: competitiveness 
and employment (assistance for training, the installation of young farmers, investment in agricultural 
holdings, services to assist agricultural holdings, producer groups, investment in the processing and 
marketing of agricultural and forestry products) and territorial balance and employment, in particular 
measures to assist mountain and other less-favoured areas. 
Objective 5(a) agriculture is being implemented through 49 programming documents for the 
processing and marketing of agricultural and forestry products and through national rules laying down 
measures under Regulation (EC) No 950/97. 
Small firms under Objective 5(a) 
Measures under Objective 5(a) concern agricultural holdings and firms engaged in the processing and 
marketing of agricultural products. The main aim of these measures is to make the production, 
processing and marketing of agricultural and forestry products more efficient. 
The structure of agricultural holdings assisted under Regulation (EC) No 950/97 means that most such 
holdings can be regarded as small firms. Assistance for the improvement of agricultural structures 
goes mainly to investment (adaptation, diversification, reduction of production costs, living and 
working conditions), young farmers (installation, adaptation of structures), training and better internal 
organisation. The improvement and restructuring of agricultural holdings takes account of their role as 
factors of stability in rural areas. 
Under Regulations (EC) No 951/97 and (EEC) No 867/90 on improving the conditions for the 
processing and marketing of agricultural and forestry products, assistance is granted to the individual 
or legal person (or groups thereof) who pay for the investment. Contrary to what is commonly 
believed, the agri-foodstuffs sector is fairly fragmented and has a large number of small firms 
employing fewer than 20 people. 
For example, with regard to the share by small firms in assistance under these two Regulations, during 
the current programming period about 65% of projects approved by the Spanish authorities were 
carried out by small firms. In Finland and Sweden, half the projects approved concerned small firms. 
In 1997 the Council adopted codified versions of the three Regulations which constitute the legislative 
basis for Objective 5(a) (Regulation (EEC) No 2328/91 on improving the efficiency of agricultural 
structures, as Regulation (EC) No 950/97; Regulation (EEC) No 866/90 on improving the conditions 
for the processing and marketing of agricultural products, as Regulation (EC) No 951/97 and 
Regulation (EEC) No 1360/78 on producer groups and unions thereof, as Regulation (EC) No 952/97) 
in order to take account of the various amendments they had undergone. This codification inserted the 
successive amendments made to the original texts and improved simplification and clarity, in 
particular by including in Regulation (EC) No 950/97 the rules for determining less-favoured areas set 
out in Directive 268/75/EEC. 
At local level, the work of the Monitoring Committees on measures concerning the processing and 
marketing of agricultural and forestry products focused on improving information systems on the 
implementation of measures and the organisation ol programme evaluation. The work of the 
Committees meant that programmes in most of the Member States were implemented more quickly 
than in 1996. (See implementation of appropriations below ). 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 37 
Implementation of the measures in the Italian CSF continued with approval of a multiregional 
operational programme to improve the conditions of processing and marketing of agricultural 
products. A number of SPDs from different Member States were amended. The main changes were 
the inclusion of new sectors for joint measures (some German Lander), increased total assistance for 
SPDs by transferring appropriations which had originally been allocated to measures under 
Regulation (EC) No 950/97 (Luxembourg, Spain) and the inclusion of new measures in a number of 
sectors (Belgium, Netherlands). 
Following the expiry of Article 40 of Regulation (EC) No 950/97 laying down special conditions for 
the granting of investment aid in the new German Lander, the administrative provisions for 
application were brought into line with the general rules of application. Hence, the Community list of 
less-favoured areas was amended several times in 1997, once following a formal reclassification of 
certain municipalities and towns in Spain and once to extend the less-favoured areas in Austria to 
adjust areas already classified at accession. The less-favoured areas in Austria now amount to 27 433 
ha, or 69.4% of the usable agricultural area (UAA). 
On 4 September 1996, the Commission adopted a report on young farmers and the difficulties of 
taking over agricultural holdings in Europe which was discussed by the Committee of the Regions, the 
Economic and Social Committee and Parliament's Committee on Agriculture prior to presentation to 
the Council in 1998. The report looks at the economic, social, legal and tax problems encountered by 
those setting up in farming, examines the Community instruments which exist to encourage 
establishment and help young people in rural areas and describes how they are applied and the results 
achieved in various Member States. The report also sets out certain guidelines and recommendations 
for measures which could be taken at Community and national level to make measures to help young 
farmers throughout the Union more coherent and more effective. 
A number of Member States sent memoranda to the Commission about how to improve Community 
policy on mountainous areas and several other initiatives on this matter were taken, including a 
hearing by Parliament and an own-initiative report by the Committee of the Regions. 
Implementation of appropriations for Objective 5(a) agriculture 
Commitments/total assistance Payments/total assistance 
1994 1995 1996 1997 1994 1995 1996 1997 
Like the other Objectives, during 1997 Objective 5(a) saw a considerable speeding up in the 
implementation of appropriations which made up a great deal of the accumulated backlog. All 
commitment and payment appropriations available in 1997 were used so that, by the end of the year, 
58% of commitment appropriations for the period and 45% of the payment appropriations had been 
used. Rates of commitment were highest in France, Germany and the United Kingdom and lowest in 
Luxembourg, Spain and Austria. Delays in payments were greatest in Italy and the Netherlands. 
38 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
• OBJECTIVE 5(a) - FISHERIES 
The FIFG provides assistance to fisheries and aquaculture structures for two reasons. One is to ensure 
a lasting balance between fish stocks and fishing activity by adjustments to the fishing effort and the 
other is to support and strengthen the fisheries sector as a whole. 
The main measures taken in 1997 were as follows: 
Adoption of multiannual guidance programmes (MGP IV) for 1997-2001 
The Commission adopted the 13 multiannual guidance programmes (MGP)2 for the fishing fleets for 
the period 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2001. The guidelines on the objectives of MGP IV were 
laid down by the Council in June 1997;3 they aim to achieve a sustainable balance between fisheries 
resources and their exploitation. Following this decision, the suspension of assistance to the fleet from 
the FEFG was lifted. In accordance with these guidelines, MGP IV seeks to reduce the fishing effort 
by 30% for stocks threatened by exhaustion and 20% for stocks suffering from over-fishing. The 
objectives of MGP IV were calculated on the basis of those of MGP HI (1992-96). Some Member 
States have still to complete what should have been done under the previous period, which will 
require a reduction in capacity of at least 55%. This restructuring will be accompanied by substantial 
structural assistance through the FIFG, including assistance for the scrapping or conversion of vessels, 
support for productive investment in the sector and measures to help fishermen leaving the industry. 
Specific measures for the conversion of the Italian fleet using drift nets ("Spadare") 
Under the plan for converting this part of the fleet drawn up by the Italian authorities, the Council, 
acting on a proposal from the Commission, adopted specific measures4 to allow aid to be granted to 
both the fishermen and owners concerned. In the case of the fishermen, the allowances to be paid for 
suspending fishing activity or taking up another trade may not exceed ECU 918.23 per person per 
month for up to six months and may be paid only for 1996, 1997 and 1998. They may be combined 
with a flat-rate payment of up to ECU 50 000 if the person ceases all economic activity and up to 
ECU 20 000 in the case of conversion to another fishing activity or another sector. Aid to vessel 
owners ranges from ECU 20 000 to ECU 156 000 where all fishing activity ceases and from ECU 10 
000 to ECU 146 000 in the case of conversion to another activity, depending on power and the year of 
departure or conversion. 
State aids 
The Commission adopted guidelines for the examination of State aid to the fisheries sector 
(Commission communication to the Member States)5 which cover all measures entailing a financial 
advantage for one or more firms in any form whatsoever. The granting of national aid can be 
considered only if it complies with the aims of the common fisheries policy. The guidelines lay down 
criteria for the compatibility of the following categories of national aids: sea fishing, the processing 
and marketing of fisheries products, port facilities, the development of coastal waters, product quality 
and the veterinary and health fields. 
Implementation of appropriations under Objective 5(a) fisheries 
Unlike the other Objectives, during 1997 there was a distinct decline in commitments under Objective 
5(a) with only 6% of the appropriations for the period being used as compared with 13% in 1996 and 
20% in 1995. This situation is typical of how the FIFG operates, frequently making single 
commitments for the whole of a programme, the amount of which is limited. By the end of 1997, 54% 
of assistance had been committed and 41% paid. Here too, the situation in different Member States 
varied enormously. Belgium, Austria, Finland, Luxembourg and Sweden (where the appropriation^ 
2 OJ L 39, 12.2.1998 (Commission Decisions 98/119/EC to 131/EC of 16 December 1997). 
3 OJ L 175, 3.7.1997, p. 27 (Council Decision 97/413/EC of 26 June 1997). 
4 OJ L 121, 13.5.1997, p. 20 (Council Decision 97/292/EC of 28 April 1997). 
5 OJC 100,27.3.1997. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 39 
were, however, small) committed the whole amount for the period while others, including Italy and 
the Netherlands, had very low rates of commitment. The situation with regard to payments was the 
same. In Italy 1997 was a crisis year for the fishing industry and this is reflected in the low rate of 
implementation of appropriations in the Italian programme. 
Commitments/total assistance Payments/total assistance 
1994 1995 1996 1997 1994 1995 1996 1997 
Commitments in 1997 under Objective 5(a) fisheries amounted to 36% of the total available because 
some of the major beneficiary countries (Germany, Denmark, France, Netherlands and the United 
Kingdom) did not reach the threshold for commitment of the 1997 instalment. 
Small firms and fisheries 
Small firms make up the bulk of the industry engaged in the processing of fisheries and aquaculture 
products, which comprises some 2 200 firms employing about 92 000 people, an average of 42 each. 
Because of the size of their fishing fleets, the United Kingdom, Germany and Spain alone account for 
over half of Community employment in the sector. 
The FTFG is part-financing measures to help small firms in the fields of aquaculture and the 
processing and marketing of fisheries and aquaculture products. Since 1994 Community assistance 
from the FIFG for these fields has made a vital contribution to the part-financing of investment 
projects concerned with: 
• the restructuring and modernisation of firms in difficulties while avoiding as far as possible the 
risk of creating surplus production capacity; 
• improving the quality and hygiene of the products marketed; 
• increasing value added and the exploitation of products 
• promoting technological innovation and the development of new products. 
During the 1994-99 programming period, it is planned to use about one third of the total of ECU 
2 700 million to assist these fields. 
The FTFG also part-finances measures to adjust the fishing effort (scrapping of vessels, establishment 
of joint ventures) and modernise and renew the fleet. 95% of the vessels comprising the Community 
fleet are less than 24 metres long. Small firms are therefore the principal beneficiaries of this 
assistance. Most of the socio-economic structural measures in the fisheries sector concern small firms. 
40 9,h Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
2.1.7. IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE 5(b) (STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT OF RURAL AREAS) 
Objective 5(b) is a regionalised Objective intended to facilitate the development and structural 
adjustment of rural areas. At the end of 1997 it was being implemented through 84 regional SPDs. 
Implementation of appropriations under Objective 5(b) 
Commitments/total assistance Payments/total assistance 
60% 
1994 1995 1996 1997 1994 1995 1996 1997 
At the end, of 1997, the overall level of commitments was 49% compared with 31% at the end of 
1996, lower than the average across all the Objectives of 62%. This figure does not fully reflect actual 
progress, which may be considered acceptable even though it is inadequate in certain Member States. 
There was some reprogramming of financing plans to help make up the backlog but it could not be 
entirely effective unless work actually resumed. Locally, strenuous efforts were made better to 
promote and publicise programmes among potential beneficiaries, which was one of the priorities for 
action identified in the 1996 annual report and interim evaluations. If programmés are to be fully 
successful, these promotional activities will have to continue to the end of the current programming 
period in December 1999. 
During 1997 commitments and payments accounted for all the appropriations available. The highest 
rates of commitment were in Spain and Germany while there were persistent backlogs in Italy, 
Belgium and Finland. In Italy, evaluation work on the programmes revealed certain features of 
Objective 5(b) specific to Italy which accounted for delays in implementation. These included the 
separation of procedures for implementing Objective 5(b) from ordinary regional programming, the 
predominance of aid schemes containing a large number of micro-projects, the complexity of national 
rules on the implementation of projects and, most important of all, the length and complexity of the 
tendering procedure. In Belgium, the bulk of the delays were in Flanders and were due to the 
difficulties of the Flemish Government in providing matching funds. 
Solidarity with the victims of the earthquake in Italy took the form of a transfer of resources from the 
Objective 5(b) programmes for the Marche and Umbria to reconstruction work. Other transfers from 
different regions of Italy to help the earthquake areas are being considered. 
Small firms and Objective 5(b) 
About 25% of the appropriations for the measures part-financed under this Objective concern firms in 
rural areas. The measures are of various types: productive investment, aid for investment in small 
firms (aid schemes), infrastructure to create jobs outside agriculture, aid for business services 
(transfer of technology, etc.), advisory services and so on. Other measures part-financed, such as 
tourism and the renovation of villages, also affect the activity of small firms. 
In six of the Objective 5(b) programmes in Germany, aid to small firms is regarded as a main target 
and an essential condition for the development of rural areas. _^___ 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 41 
In France too, diversification to promote non-agricultural activity, and particularly measures for small 
firms, is an important aspect of development programmes. The special features of regions mean that 
aid varies but it concerns mainly the modernisation of the means of production, innovation, 
dissemination and the transfer of technology, recruitment aid, financial engineering and so on. 
In the United Kingdom, 11 programmes give priority to measures to help small firms cope with 
certain handicaps: inadequate infrastructure, distance from their main markets and poor levels of 
skills. These are usually small or very small firms. 
2.1.8. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMUNITY INITIATIVES 
Following a late start in 1995 and the allocation of the reserve in 1996, the Community Initiatives may 
truly said to have been under way in 1997. This chapter does not look at each of the Initiatives 
separately but seeks to highlight the main features of 1997 as reflected in the adoption of new 
programmes and the implementation of appropriations. It also presents some illustrative examples of 
support for small firms. 
The breakdown of assistance adopted under the Community Initiatives for 1994-99 (as at 31 
December 1997) (ECU million - 1997 prices) 
Adapt imploymer Leader Pesca SMEs Regis Rechar Konver Résider Retex* Urban InterreçT Total 
B 
DK 
D 
EL 
E 
F 
IRL 
I 
L 
NL 
A 
P 
FIN 
S 
UK 
EU 38,63 
31,73 
256,70 
33,53 
293,16 
278,44 
27,84 
219,69 
0,30 
69,67 
11,57 
21,43 
23,56 
13,07 
316,81 45,79 
14,10 
200,99 
70,69 
450,13 
191,20 
88,61 
401,39 
0,30 
62,62 
23,01 
45,47 
33,16 
24.01 
193,77 10,31 
8,16 
182,18 
148,00 
373,48 
228,54 
69,49 
314,72 
1,01 
8,50 
23,39 
130,91 
28,34 
16,35 
66,20 
16,00 2,51 
16,40 
23,00 
31,11 
41,50 
28,30 
7,84 
34,17 
10,63 
29,26 
3.41 
3,97 
37,42 
0,69 12,40 
2,55 
189,12 
83,33 
251,74 
58,49 
28,81 
192,53 
0,35 
10,34 
8,98 
125,36 
11,09 
17,21 
68,67 216,93 
266,0a 
126,53 15,68 
178,54 
3.05 
34,21 
33,54 
1,89 
1.83 
2,29 
184,79 11,45 
2,38 
302,51 
12,91 
23,76 
86,16 
64,79 
0,36 
12,05 
13,99 
3,35 
136,91 27,71 
206,58 
4,69 
73,64 
62,30 
92,35 
13,25 
23,54 
5,24 
9,08 
52,13 4,40 
77,39 
87,52 
90,39 
39,54 
11,47 
82,99 
1,01 
2,59 
204,90 
41.79 10,45 
1,52 
115,21 
45,20 
162,60 
80,52 
20,78 
136,02 
0,51 
22,30 
13,36 
50,00 
7,89 
4,97 
121.43 
3.591,69 179,33 
76,84 
1.732,23 
520,02 
2.011,55 
1.353,10 
254,85 
1.540,53 
16,08 
220,64 
89,98 
759,17 
107,45 
82,94 
1.219,88 
3.608,36 
TOTALl 1.636,13 1.845,24 1.625,59 270,21 1.060,97 609,54 455,77 670,61 570,51 643,96 792,75 3.591,66 13.772,95 
Including 1993 
" Including Peace 
The main features of 1997 
Adoption of the last programmes under the original allocation 
In all, 13 programmes were approved in 1997: one Konver CEP and one Résider II OP in 
Luxembourg, one Konver OP in Spain, three SMEs OPs in England, three Interreg A and B OPs 
(Italy/Slovenia, Italy/Austria and Italy/Greece) and four Leader OPs for Belgium costing a total of 
ECU 292.92 million. There were also technical assistance programmes for Finland, France, Ireland, 
Netherlands and Sweden. This means that all the OPs under the original allocation have now been 
adopted. 
On 26 November 1997 the Commission published a communication6 in which it requested the 
extension for 1998 and 1999 of the Peace programme for reconciliation and economic recovery in 
Northern Ireland and the six border counties of Ireland. 
6 COM(97) 642. 
42 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
Adoption of the first additional programmes following allocation of the reserve 
For the first time, it was possible to adopt in 1997 some new programmes under the allocation of the 
reserve decided on by the Commission in May 1996: 
14 Urban OPs were approved: two for Germany (Zwickau and Kiel), five for France (Clichy-
Montfermeil, Châlons-sur-Saône, Saint-Etienne, Bastia and Mantes-la-Jolie), two for the Netherlands 
(Rotterdam and Utrecht), four for the United Kingdom (Coventry, Bristol, Leeds and Brighton) and 
one for Finland (Helsinki/Vantaa). The total amount involved was ECU 76.6 million. 
Adoption of Interreg II C transnational cooperation programmes 
During the first half of the year, virtually all the proposals for Interreg II C programmes were 
submitted to the Commission by the Member States. The bulk of these programmes were approved by 
the end of the year and the final decisions on the remaining programmes should be taken early in 
1998. 
The situation by programme is as follows: of the six OPs approved, two (Italy and Portugal) concern 
combating drought and one "Irma', (Belgium / Germany / France / Luxembourg / Netherlands) flood 
prevention. The other three concern transnational cooperation: United 
Kingdom/Denmark/Sweden/Netherlands and Germany (North Sea region), Austria/Germany/Greece 
and Italy (Cadses/Arianube), and Denmark/Germany/Finland and Sweden (Baltic Sea region). These 
six OPs account for a total of ECU 218.94 million. 
The other programmes submitted during 1997 concern the western Mediterranean and the Alps (E, F, 
I, GR), south-west Europe (P, E, F), the Atlantic (P, E, F, UK, IRL), the NWMA (North-west 
metropolitan area - F, L, B, D, NL, UK, IRL), anti-flood measures in France and Italy and measures to 
combat drought in Spain and Greece. 
At the end of 1997, there were therefore 446 measures implementing all the 13 Community Initiatives. 
The SMEs Community Initiative 
The SMEs Community Initiative, which has a total of ECU 1.1 billion for the areas eligible under 
Objectives 1, 2, 5(b) and 6, of which some ECU 800 million is for the Objective 1 regions, is being 
implemented with the last programmes, mainly for the United Kingdom, adopted during 1997. 
Progress in implementing the programmes varies widely from one Member State to another. In 
Ireland, for example, 80% of the programme is concentrated on a financial engineering measure 
(interest-rate subsidies) for small firms (fewer than 50 employees) and is virtually fully committed. In 
France, two calls for projects on cooperation between firms on modernisation and innovation and 
transitional partnerships are now at the project selection stage. Calls for projects have also been 
launched in Italy. However, in Spain and Portugal there are still problems in starting programmes. In 
Greece 96% of small firms have fewer than 10 employees and so are particularly vulnerable to the 
pressures of the single market. That is why the programme there concentrates on grouping activities to 
reap economies of scale and on assistance to small firms in modernising their production and 
organisation. The programme in Saxony (Germany) seeks to support product development and 
promote marketing. To encourage small firms to adopt a more international approach, this programme 
also helps them gain access to new markets such as eastern Europe and south-east Asia. The 
programmes in the new Member States include measures to promote environmental audits, advice and 
training in distance systems and environmental technology (in Austria), to gain access to markets 
through networks, better training and management, access to the single market, new information and 
environmental technologies as a factor for competitiveness (in Sweden) and to improve links between 
research and training and the application of the technical rules on the single market and the grouping 
of activity (Finland). 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 43 
Small firms at the centre of the Community Initiatives 
In addition to the SMEs Initiative itself, the Commission has laid special stress on measures for 
locally generated and local development to help small firms in the vast majority of the other 
Community Initiatives. 
- The Leader Community Initiative: support for small and craft firms is one of the most important 
aspects of the Leader Initiative, accounting directly for about 20% of appropriations plus those 
allocated to training. 
The following examples deserve attention: the two Leader action groups (LAGs) in Luxembourg have 
jointly established a one-stop shop for small firms; a working party bringing together representatives 
of LAGs in Sierra de Segura (Andalusia), Montana de Navarra (Navarre), La Manchuela (Castile-La 
Mancha) and the inland Basque Country (Aquitaine) has been set up to transfer know-how on 
encouraging the setting up of firms; in Ireland the West Cork Food Enterprise Partnership is an 
initiative to support local small firms in the agri-foodstuffs sector and to promote the establishment of 
new firms and various LAGs in Portugal (Ponta Delgada and Villa do Porto, south-west Alentejo, 
central Alentejo, Vale do Sor, Punhal Interior Sul) have set up joint services for business. Some LAGs 
have helped set up firms: a craft glassworks at Psiloritis (Greece) and a clothes manufacturing firm in 
Modabarr (Portugal). 
At European level, the Leader European Observatory stimulates the exchange of information and 
experience and organises seminars. For example, in February 1997 a seminar with participants from 
eight Member States was held at Elizondo (Navarre, Spain) to discuss ways of supporting the 
establishment of new activities. 
- The Interreg II A Initiative has done considerable work on promoting crossborder economic 
development for small firms such as the exchange of information and know-how and the promotion of 
crossborder centres or parks for the transfer of technologies and innovative products. 
- The Initiatives for industrial conversion (Konver, Rechar H, Résider LT and Retex) include measures 
to increase the capacity of small firms to diversify their economic activities (collective research into 
new markets or the transfer of technologies to small firms). Furthermore, improved management and 
the use of new technologies for better access to intangible resources considerably boost the 
development of small firms (investment and advice before technological committal and technological 
diagnosis, the establishment of structures of services, improved product quality and the optimisation 
of production). There is also assistance to get firms onto the "information superhighway" (access to 
networks and servers, awareness of dissemination technologies). Small firms need access to good 
management and organisation practice and techniques (exchange of managers, recruitment of experts, 
introduction of computer facilities, preparation of modernisation plans). The Adapt Initiative is 
largely focused on small firms with a high concentration on the organisation of work and the changes 
brought about by the new technologies. The Now strand of the Employment Initiative (equal 
opportunities for men and women) includes the establishment of businesses by women. 
Another important aspect is access by small firms to the financial markets and new products (venture 
capital or start-up funds) to provide finance on better terms. This support includes both financial 
participation in the creation of the funds and information for small firms on financial products and 
technical assistance by experts on business finance. 
The final aspect of significance is the exchange of experience and networking to promote the 
internationalisation of firms and improve knowledge of markets (this is one of the main aims of the 
SMEs Initiative). Substantial support is given to the formation of networks to promote contacts within 
the Community in various fields (between declining employment areas, the development of the 
marketing of new products and the spreading of skills and innovative methods). 
44 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
Adapt and Employment 
During 1997 a new priority was added to the Adapt Initiative: the information society. In addition, 2 
327 new projects were adopted covering still more firms, and particularly small firms. A conference 
was held in Athens in May to consider support for small firms under Adapt and lessons in good 
practice which could be generally applied. A new strand, Integra, was added to the Employment 
Community Initiative, mainly to provide help for immigrants. Over 3 700 new projects, whose 
average quality was very high, were selected. Firms are still under-represented among the partners but 
some progress has been made. Three conferences were held in 1997, on Youthstart (Stockholm in 
September), Integra (Barcelona in October) and Now (Brussels in December). The Now conference 
was concerned with the establishment of firms by women. 
Implementation of appropriations 
a 
Adapt 
Employment 
Leader 
Pesca 
SMEs 
Rechar 
Regis 
Konver 
Resider 
Retex* 
Urtan 
Interreg" 
Total CommitrrBnts/assistance 
1994 
0% 
11% 
0% 
9% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
1% 
12% 
0% 
0% 
2% 1995 
19% 
6% 
29% 
11% 
19% 
38% 
10% 
36% 
30% 
26% 
20% 
16% 
19% 1996 
14% 
14% 
15% 
50% 
17% 
26% 
26% 
20% 
24% 
24% 
27% 
24% 
20% 1997 
8% 
15% 
10% 
8% 
13% 
25% 
15% 
29% 
18% 
13% 
15% 
14% 
14% 1994-1997 
40% 
46% 
54% 
77% 
49% 
89% 
50% 
84% 
73% 
75% 
62% 
54% 
56% Payments/assistance 
1994 
0% 
5% 
0% 
4% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
9% 
0% 
0% 
1% 1995 
9% 
3% 
8% 
2% 
6% 
17% 
4% 
13% 
14% 
13% 
7% 
7% 
8% 1996 
5% 
9% 
8% 
8% 
8% 
14% 
22% 
14% 
14% 
11% 
14% 
13% 
11% 1997 
9% 
13% 
6% 
13% 
12% 
17% 
9% 
10% 
11% 
9% 
10% 
12% 
11% 1994-1997 
24% 
31% 
23% 
27% 
26% 
47% 
35% 
37% 
39% 
43% 
31% 
32% 
31% 
* Including 1993 
" Including Peace 
Implementation of appropriations for the Community Initiatives as a whole 
Implementation of appropriations for the Community Initiatives is well below the rate for the 
CSFs/SPDs; the situation with regard to cornmitment appropriations in 1997 was less good than it had 
been in 1996 (61% of the appropriations available for the year were used as compared with 94% in 
1996) although that for payment appropriations was slightly better (90% of the appropriations 
available for the year were used as compared with 80% in 1996). However, the substantial delays in 
adopting and starting programmes in 1994 and 1995 made it impossible to reach a satisfactory rate of 
implementation. After four years, total commitments for 1994-97 amount to 56% of assistance and 
payments for only 31%. 
In many cases, these delays in implementation are the result either of the late approval of programmes 
or of specific problems in certain Community Initiatives, such as, for example, the partnership in the 
case of Urban and Interreg II or the very specific measures under the SMEs Community Initiative. 
However, some Member States believe that they will be able to use the appropriations available 
quickly. 
The Comrnission also entered into discussions with the Member States on ways of reprogramming 
financial resources, either between measures within the same programme or between programmes 
within an Initiative. Any reallocations among Initiatives can be considered only in the light of these 
discussions. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 45 
Commitments/total assistance Payments/total assistance 
1994 1995 1996 1997 1994 1995 1996 1997 
The situation also varies very considerably from one Initiative to another. The commitment rates for 
those dealing with the conversion of industrial areas (Rechar II, Retex, Résider H, Konver) and Pesca 
are fairly satisfactory, ranging from 79% to 89% of total assistance for the period 1994-99. However, 
this is mainly because the bulk of these Community Initiatives result in a single commitment when the 
programmes are approved. By contrast, at 40% to 54% of total assistance, implementation of 
commitments is much lower in the case of the Adapt, Employment, Leader, SMEs and Interreg 
Initiatives. With 31% of assistance paid at the end of 1997, the situation with regard to payments is 
slightly better than in 1996 (20%) but is still too low, being particularly weak in the cases of Leader 
(only 23%) and Adapt (24%). The rate for the industrial conversion Initiatives is, however slightly 
more satisfactory (between 37% and 47% of assistance for the period). 
Small firms and transnational cooperation 
The SMEs Community Initiative contains ECU 25 million for transnational measures across Member 
States. Three types of measure have been launched: 
• small firms in tourism and the Internet: the Pmetour programme 
Compared with large firms, small firms are severely handicapped in their access to and use of the 
information superhighway, particularly the Internet, and so need special help in this area. The 
Commission accordingly launched the Pmetour measure to help small firms engaged in tourism in 
the least favoured areas of the Union. Its aim is to establish a coordinating structure at European 
level to provide technical assistance to some 40 regional projects and involve small firms in the 
sector. Assistance will be used to help create web sites and establish systems for reservations and 
direct payments through the Internet. The coordination structure began work in April 1997. The 
selection of the regional projects took some time but, by the end of 1997, about half the projects 
had begun and the others should begin early in 1998. 
International Buyers' Exhibitions (IBEX) 
These exhibitions, originally begun as part of business policy, are based on a desire to improve 
the sub-contracting position of small firms. The idea was then taken up as part of regional policy 
and the SMEs Initiative in the regions eligible. The exhibitions are organised over a period of two 
to three days and bring together some 40 large firms and 350 to 400 small firms. Prearranged 
meetings on an international level are organised between the large firms and small firms on the 
basis of needs identified by the large firms and the specific abilities of the small firms to meet 
those needs. Each IBEX concentrates on a different sector of activity. Under its business policy, 
in March 1997 the Commission supported the 'Elmia Food" IBEX at Jônkôping (Sweden) on 
agri-foodstuffs and in May 1998 "Vibex" at Gothenburg (Sweden) on the motor vehicle sector. 
During 1998, three IBEXs will be held under regional policy at Magdeburg, Germany, on energy, 
at Leon, Spain, on agri-foodstuffs and at Libramont, Belgium, on the wood industry. 
46 9"1 Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
• Exchanges of experience and good practice 
The Commission intends to organise exchange projects so that examples of good practice can be 
circulated among small firms and the organisations which represent them. A detailed analysis of 
the programmes for these Initiatives has begun to identify the type of measures to be supported. 
The results will be used to develop a programme for the exchange of experience including 
seminars on cooperation and the development of an Internet site. 
2.1.9. INNOVATIVE MEASURES AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 
Each Fund may finance its own measures for studies, pilot measures or technical assistance up to the 
following maximum percentages of annual funding: ERDF 1.5%, EAGGF 1%, ESF 0.5%, FIFG 2%. 
Innovative measures under Article 10 of the ERDF Regulation: 
New projects adopted in 1997: 
During 1997, 49 new pilot projects or innovative measures were launched, accounting for Community 
finance totalling ECU 100 million. The three series of measures concerned are urban pilot projects 
and two territorial planning programmes: pilot measures and Terra (interregional cooperation on 
territorial planning in specific fields). The response to calls for proposals for the urban pilot projects 
and Terra was substantial and 645 projects were submitted (503 urban projects and 142 territorial 
planning projects). 
No open call was issued in respect of pilot planning measures, which are the result of a request to the 
Member States to submit joint proposals. 
1. Urban pilot projects 
Of the 503 new urban pilot projects submitted in 1997, 26 were selected, with a total budget of ECU 
63.6 million. The projects were launched in July at a seminar for project managers to ensure that good 
project monitoring practice was in place from the start. The pilot projects are intended to develop 
broad partnerships in the public and private sectors in the cities concerned and to provide an 
integrated and innovative approach to urban problems. The subjects of the measures include the 
integration of the environment, economic and social measures, the use of new technologies for 
dealing with urban problems, equal opportunities, better access, the development of cultural assets 
and the restoration of rundown areas. 
Of the 33 first-phase urban pilot projects undertaken between 1989 and 1994, 20 had been completed 
by the end of 1997. 
2. Territorial planning 
Progress was made in both types of territorial planning projects: 
• Terra: Following a call for proposals in 1996, the final selection provided finance totalling ECU 
20 million for 15 pilot projects over three years (five of these projects concern river basins, four 
coastal areas, three endangered cultural assets, two rural areas to Which access is difficult and one 
areas threatened by erosion). A call for proposals was also organised to provide technical 
assistance for the programme (implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the projects 
selected). This assistance will be implemented in 1998. 
• Pilot measures for territorial planning: At the seminar on 3 and 4 July 1996, the Member States 
were invited to submit joint proposals for pilot projects under Article 10 of the ERDF Regulation. 
The deadline for these proposals, originally set at 10 March 1997, was extended at the request of 
the Member States. The four pilot measures to be implemented are "Northern periphery" (DK, 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 47 
FIN, S, N), the Alps and eastern Alps (A, I, D), "Archi-Med" (the south-east Mediterranean - GR, 
I, Malta, Cyprus) and the "Mediterranean Gateway" (E, P, Morocco). 
Each pilot project has funding worth ECU 5 million out of ECU 20 million earmarked for innovative 
measures of this type under Article 10. The Commission should adopt its assistance decisions during 
the first quarter of 1998. 
Innovative measures in progress 
In addition to the three series of measures adopted in 1997, some 200 other innovative projects 
financed by the ERDF were implemented in the following fields: new sources of employment, culture 
and the heritage (see sections 6.6 and 6.7), regional innovation strategies (RIS), the transfer of 
technology, the information society (RISI) and external interregional cooperation (Ecos-Ouverture). 
Small firms and pilot projects 
Very many pilot projects, for example in technological innovation and the information society, have a 
large component concerned with small firms. Two types of project concerned with innovation have 
been developed (total budget: ECU 15 million): 
RIS (regional innovation strategies): 19 projects have been selected to expand capacity for innovation 
among regional firms by developing cooperation between the public and private sectors. For example, 
the steering committees for a number of RIS projects such as Belgian Limburg, Yorkshire and 
Humberside, Strathclyde and Shannon are chaired by businessmen, so enabling these management 
bodies to keep business concerns at the forefront of their activities. 
RTT (multiregional technology transfer projects), of which seven were selected, are intended to 
reduce imbalances between regions and encourage interregional cooperation on research and 
development and innovation. For example, the Footwear project is intended to adapt and demonstrate 
an Italian technology on the design and automated production of moulds and transfer it to small firms 
in the footwear sector in the Objective 1 regions of Spain, Portugal and Greece. The Esteem project 
concerns the transfer of environmental production technologies to small firms in the United Kingdom, 
Greece, Germany and Finland. 
Measures concerning the information society (RISI) have two strands: 
RISI 1: encouraging partnership in preparing a regional action plan for the information society among 
those occupying key positions in a region, and RISI 2: multiregional pilot projects. A total of 31 
projects were selected, of which 21 were financed by the ERDF and ten by the ESF. Multiregional 
measures, like Enterskillsnet, seek to develop a network of small firms in rural areas including Tarn 
and Haute-Garonne, France; Andalusia, Spain; Etelà-Savo, Finland; Dublin and Lanford, Ireland, and 
Scotland. The Tourist measure concerns those invovled in tourism in Madeira, Portugal; Burgenland, 
Austria; Lappi, Finland; Valle d'Aosta, Italy; Vàsterbotten, Sweden, and Hampshire, United 
Kingdom. Most of the 22 RISI1 regional strategies address specific issues related to SME and have 
started regional working groups on SME which will develop inter-regional collaboration during 1998. 
The vast majority of the 100 interregional projects (Recite and Ecos-Ouverture) now being negotiated 
pay considerable attention to small firms and at least one third of them seek to encourage innovation 
in such firms and an international outlook. 
48 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
Partnership instruments for small firms: 
Europartenariat - the partnership between firms in action 
Europartenariat, which is financed under Article 10 of the ERDF Regulation and the third multiannual 
programme for SMEs, is intended to promote the economic development of regions eligible under the 
Structural Funds (Objectives 1, 2, 5(b) and 6) by stimulating transnational cooperation among small 
firms. It is managed jointly by the Commission departments responsible for business policy and for 
regional policy and cohesion and offers firms the opportunity to meet potential partners to discuss and 
negotiate cooperation agreements. 
Two such events were held in 1997, at Piraeus in Greece and in the French Massif Central: 
- Europartenariat Greece (Piraeus, 23-24 June). 400 small firms from Greece met 1 733 firms from 
over 60 countries, of which 758 came from within the Union, 37 from EFTA countries, 299 from the 
Mediterranean, 360 from the Phare countries, 200 from the Tacis countries, 64 from Asia and 12 from 
the United States. 11 336 meetings were organised. 
- Europartenariat France (Clermont-Ferrand, 16-17 October). 418 small firms from France met 1 750 
firms from over 60 countries, of which 974 came from within the Union (including 333 from France), 
48 from EFTA countries, 213 from the Mediterranean, 201 from the Phare countries, 138 from the 
Tacis countries, 104 from Asia, 34 from Latin America, 25 from the United States and 13 from 
Canada. 10 300 meetings were organised. In 1998 Europartenariats will take place in Apeldoorn, 
Netherlands (11-12 June) and Valencia, Spain (12-13 November). 
Measures financed under Article 10 of the ERDF Regulation (ECU million) 
Interregional cooperation 
• internal interregional cooperation 
- external interregional cooperation 
Regional development 
• promoting technological innovation 
- the information society 
- culture and economic development 
- new sources of employment 
- support and technical assistance 
Territorial planning 
Urban pilot projects 
Total Total funding* 
1995-99 
(1) 
180,0 
110,0 
70,0 
90,0 
20,0 
20,0 
15,0 
15,0 
20,0 
45,0 
80,0 
395,0 Commitments 
1997 
2,8 
2,8 
0,0 
43,7 
2,2 
13,2 
14,9 
11,3 
2,2 
14,3 
64,5 
125,3 Commitments 
1994-97 
(2) 
25,8 
9,8 
16,0 
64,6 
8,6 
17,0 
14,9 
15,2 
9,0 
28,3 
66,1 
184,8 % 
(2V(1) 
14% 
9% 
23% 
72V. 
43% 
85% 
99% 
102% 
45% 
63% 
83% 
47% Payments 
1997 
9,1 
2,7 
6,4 
19,4 
2,4 
2,2 
5,9 
6,5 
2,4 
4,8 
22,8 
56,2 Payments 
1994-97 
(3) 
13,8 
7,4 
6,4 
25,9 
' 5,0 
3,6 
5.9 
6,5 
4,8 
9,7 
22,9 
72,3 % 
(3V(D 
8% 
7% 
9% 
29% 
25% 
18% 
40% 
43% 
24% 
22% 
29% 
18% 
' 1995 prices 
Technical assistance under Article 7 of the ERDF Regulation 
Under Article 7, the ERDF may spend up to 0.5% of its annual funding on studies, technical 
assistance and information. In 1997, a large part of the funding devoted to measures of this type was 
spent on technical assistance for the territorial pacts for employment (48% of total assistance for 
1997). Throughout the Union, 36 million people are covered by the territorial employment pacts. 
Assistance to the Business Innovation Centres (BICs) for the establishment and development of small 
firms accounted for 43% of the total and was spent on establishing new BICs in ten Member States. 
Conferences and seminars (4%) included the fourth meeting of those concerned with local 
development in Marseilles, the conference on women in local development in Sardinia and a seminar 
on the exchange of experiences of the Structural Funds involving Spain, Ireland and Italy. The 3% 
spent on information measures financed a stand at Expo '98 in Lisbon. Studies (2%) included a 
comparative study on job creation in an urban environment. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 49 
Local development measures for small firms 
22 new Business Innovation Centres (BICs) were set up in 10 Member States, so enlarging the 
European network, which now has 140 BICs in the areas assisted by the Union and the countries of 
central Europe. Through their integrated systems of services for the establishment and development of 
innovative firms, the Centres encourage innovation, internationalisation and the diversification of 
productive structures within the Structural Funds and engage in complementary activity within the 
RIS, Europartenariats, territorial pacts and the Community Initiatives. 
Measures for small firms in the territorial pacts for employment 
Many action plans stress the diversification of the local fabric of production, the establishment of 
small firms and the promotion of regional and local products. The pact for Molise in Italy, for 
example, provides for the establishment of new firms in the agri-foodstuffs and tourism sectors and 
the development of a quality seal for regional products. In Sicily the Alto Belice Corleonese pact is 
also based on an integrated development model based on the typical products of the region. A venture 
capital fund with ECU 2.5 million has been set up at Clabecq in Belgium for the establishment and 
development of small firms. 
Technical assistance under Article 7 of the ERDF Regulation 
Preparation and monitoring 
Evaluation 
Regional studies 
Conferences, colloquia, seminars 
linformation and publicity 
Technical assistance and facilities 
TOTAL Commitments 
1997 
20,1 
4,0 
0,3 
0,8 
6,2 
5,1 
36,4 Commitments 
1994-97 
33,6 
5,4 
1,8 
3,5 
20,8 
15,3 
80,3 Payments 
1997 
7,5 
2,5 
0,5 
0,9 
5,7 
3,3 
20,4 Payments 
1994-97 
28,2 
11,8 
2,7 
3,4 
21,3 
13,8 
81,2 
Excluding decommitments for measures in previous years 
Innovative measures and technical assistance under Article 6 of the ESF Regulation 
New sources of employment: 
1997 was a year which saw useful exchanges of information between the promoters of new sources of 
employment and the Commission. The main innovation was the establishment of careful monitoring 
of the pilot measures which had begun in 1994 and 1995. The new information technologies were of 
great assistance in promoting communication between the Commission's monitoring unit and project 
promoters on the spot. This instrument also encouraged cooperation among promoters at an early 
stage will permit establishment of an electronic network. By the end of 1997, all but two of the 
projects launched in 1996 had begun and the survey of "innovation" projects from 1994 and 1995 was 
completed. The results of this survey will be available early in 1998 and will provide material for a 
series of seminars to promote exchanges of experience between project promoters, including those for 
the last projects launched in 1996. 
The 1997 call for proposals resulted in 955 submissions of which 70 were selected for more detailed 
study. Two thirds of projects are directly concerned with job creation by developing new sources of 
employment or new types of firms while the rest concern the reorganisation of work or training. 
The social dialogue 
Measures part-financed by the ESF during 1997 enabled the main European federations (European 
Trade Union Confederation - ETUC, Union of Industrial and Employers' Confederations of Europe -
UNICE, Centre of Enterprises with Public Participation - ECPE) to continue training representatives 
of workers and employers or their representatives. This training provided recipients with greater 
50 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
knowledge of industrial change and, in particular, the impact of change on employment, skills and 
vocational qualifications and on industrial relations. During the year the two-year training programme 
under the auspices of UNICE was completed. The annual programme submitted by ETUC comprised 
30 measures, most of which were concerned with the impact of the new technologies or new forms of 
work organisation on employment, training, qualifications in areas such as clean technologies (the 
environment), new methods of production and participative management, distance working and the 
organisation of work, technological developments and their impact on the organisation of work in 
telecommunications, etc. The ECPE's multiannual programmes on managing new forms of parity and 
territorial excellence in Europe are intended to embrace the quality approach in the social dialogue at 
territorial level. There was also an innovation at the regulatory level when Article 6 was extended to 
applicants other than the traditional beneficiaries: Yes for Europe, the European social dialogue on 
line, the Irish productivity centre and Dialco-Forco. This experimental phase paves the way for a 
further extension of the call for applications in 1998. 
Technical assistance from the ESF 
Technical assistance under Article 6 of the ESF Regulation provided support for 23 territorial pacts 
for employment in which the ESF was the main partner (of which 22 were adopted in 1997) and for 
preparations for the launch of a second series of projects for the Employment and Adapt Community 
Initiatives, the production of five special reports, the organisation of four major European conferences 
and the updating of the Internet site. 
Innovative measures, studies 
Technical assistance 
Total Commitments 
1994 
0,4 
61,9 
62,2 1995 
22,3 
33,7 
56,1 1996 
31,0 
32,2 
63,2 1997 
36,2 
21,4 
57,6 1994-97 
89,9 
149,2 
239,1 (ECU million) 
Payments 
1994 
0,2 
69,7 
69,8 1995 
11,2 
45,5 
56,7 1996 
18,6 
34,8 
53,3 1997 
17,9 
26,3 
44,2 1994-97 
47,8 
176,3 
224,1 
Including carryovers, appropriations reconstituted and decommitments 
Payments do not necessarily correspond to commitments for the same period 
Innovative measures and technical assistance under Article 8 of the EAGGF Guidance Section 
Regulation 
The measures financed in 1997 under Article 8 of the EAGGF Guidance Section Regulation 
concerned technical assistance for implementation of eight territorial pacts employment in the 
Objective 5(b) areas, work on rural indicators to support a rural development policy, the preparation 
of summary reports on interim evaluations of Objective 5(b) and a contract for the supply of services 
and equipment for communications information about Community policy on rural development. 
A call for proposals was issued in September 1996 for pilot and demonstration projects concerning 
innovative measures by women farmers and women in the countryside. It was highly successful with 
over 400 proposals being submitted in 1997. These include support for and the promotion of women 
in the countryside and comprise innovative measures taken by women and women farmers to promote 
and develop agricultural production and for vocational retraining or diversification, measures to create 
jobs and advance social and vocational integration, training and management training measures and 
the development of networks for the sharing of know-how and experience. 
During 1997 a first examination of all the proposals was carried out to verify compliance with various 
conditions laid down in the call for proposals and the experts responsible for giving a decision on 
each proposal were selected. The amount of work generated by the large number of applications 
meant that this task could not be completed by the end of 1997. Project selection will take place 
during 1998. 
Many of the projects financed have been inspected. In some cases, the irregularities detected have 
resulted in recovery procedures being started. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 51 
Measures financed under Article 8 of the EAGGF Regulation 
Commitments Commitments 
1997 1996-97 
Evaluation, monitoring, technical assistance and studies 1.620.802 2.344.009 
Pilot and demonstration projects 263.989 14.758.278 
Dissemination measures 3.431.084 3.431.084 
TOTAL I 5.315.8751 20.533.37T 
Excluding commitments and decommitments in respect of measures in previous years 
Innovative and technical assistance measures under Article 4 of the FIFG Regulation 
The measures taken in 1997 under Article 4 of the FIFG Regulation concerned mainly the 
maintenance of a fleet register, technical assistance for rescaling the fleet, a study on consultation of 
the industry bodies and participation in Expo '98 in Lisbon. The total cost was ECU 2.1 million. 
Measures financed under Article 4 of the FIFG Regulation 
Studies 
Publications, information and training 
Technical assistance 
TOTAL Commitments 
1997 
893.697 
533.162 
697.174 
2.124.033 Commitments 
1994-96 
4.027.736 
79.908 
3.449.962 
7.557.606 Commitments 
1994-97 
4.921.433 
613.070 
4.147.136 
9.681.639 Payments 
1997 
426.965 
489.322 
1.709.881 
2.626.168 Payments 
1994*96 
2.766.949 
67.863 
1.022.906 
3.857.718 Payments 
1994-97 
3.193.914 
557.185 
2.732.787 
6.483.886 
Under Article 4 of the FIFG Regulation, from 25 to 28 May the Commission organised the 
Casablanca Partenariat 97 on the fishing industry, an initial encounter in partnership between the 
fishing industry in the Union and that in Morocco. The meeting, organised on the basis of cooperation 
projects submitted by Moroccan firms in the sectoi and listed in a catalogue distributed to their 
European counterparts, resulted in almost 3 000 contacts between about 100 Moroccan firms and 300 
European ones. 
21 y* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
12. COUNTRY BY COUNTRY SURVEY 
2.2.1. BELGIUM 
1. The major achievements of the Funds bv Objective 
In Belgium, the breakdown between federal, regional and community areas of competence means that 
assistance from the Structural Funds for all Objectives is spread across a large number of operational 
programmes or SPDs. This is particularly true of the ESF, where only four programmes out of 21 top 
the ECU 40 million mark. 
Measures to assist small businesses in Belgium: 
The Funds' contribution to the development of SMEs under the regionalised Objectives can be put 
overall at around ECU 766 million for the current period, of which 63% is for Objective 1, 32% for 
Objective 2 and 5% for Objective 5(b). 
Objective 1: Three venture-capital funds were set up within specialised enterprises, Sambrinvest, 
Hoccinvest and Invest Borinage-Centre. Half of the capital came from Invest and half from 
SOWAGEP, which administers the funds provided by the Commission as part of the scheme. 
Assistance takes the form of participations in equity, loans and the issue of convertible bonds. To 
qualify, enterprises must be based in the districts covered by these "Invests" and not have the official 
status of "businesses in difficulty"; the assistance from each Fund may not result in the regional-aid 
ceiling being exceeded, especially in combination with investment premiums. A total of ECU 30 
million was allocated, with the ERDF supplying 50%. The national contribution of ECU 15 million 
was met by the "Invests" and there was no private participation. The crucial criterion for the selection 
of projects is creating jobs. Innovative projects and environmental protection are further factors 
influencing the choice. 
Objective 2: In Turnhout. a project involving sponsorship of SMEs by bigger enterprises has been in 
place for a decade or so, under the "Strategisch plan Kempen". The total cost of the project is 
ECU 900 000, with an ESF contribution of ECU 400 000. The project entails putting managers of 
major companies and SMEs in contact with each other at regular intervals (once a month), so they can 
exchange information and advice and constitute a "support network". To date, some 700 enterprises 
have taken part in the project and 1 670 jobs have been created. 
In Limburg. a multimedia technology and innovation centre was set up. Facilities include an 
auditorium and training, demonstration and lecture rooms. Inter alia the centre conducts research 
work under contract with an eye to SMEs and larger companies, as well as demonstration projects. 
The impact on employment at the end of 1997 was 9.5 full-time equivalent jobs, which should 
increase in later years. 
Objectives 3 and 4: Training of workers to cope with industrial and organisational change enhances 
the capacity of SMEs and workers to adapt. Other measures seek to bolster human resources in 
research centres interfacing with local SMEs. 
Objective 5(b): In Flanders, measures to assist SMEs mainly involve establishing a coordination 
centre, providing support for enterprises as regards the environment and an environmental evaluation 
of enterprises. In Wallonia. specific aid for productive investments creating jobs functions 
satisfactorily, in view of the fact that the job creation objectives have been exceeded (177 jobs 
created). . 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 53 
OBJECTIVE 1 
Only one region is eligible under Objective 1, namely Hainaut. 1997 witnessed the strengthening of 
the measure to help set up enterprises employing over 20 staff, and the concomitant abandonment of 
certain projects which cannot be carried out during the present programming period and of other 
projects deemed of lesser value for regional development. At the same time, the criteria for granting 
aid were made stricter in order to concentrate on frontier technology and high value-added sectors. 
Several projects of a significant amount (in particular the Crachet science park and the Eau d'Heure 
project) were approved in 1997. The economic stimulation measure was reviewed in partnership with 
the regional authorities in order to underscore the effects for SMEs and to respond better to demand 
from enterprises in Hainaut. 
In the human resources field, the measures are based on four priorities, i.e. training measures in 
existing firms or companies being set up; vocational training of unemployed and young people to 
facilitate their access to the labour market; social and professional integration measures ("pathways to 
integration"); strengthening and improving educational and teaching systems. A total of 36 500 
people benefited under these measures in 1997. 
Experimental agricultural measures resulted in the financing of unusual projects, such as the 
processing of flax, applied research into potatoes, and so on. However, in their financial management 
there were some delays in transmission connected with national administrative procedures, as the 
local authorities received no payments in 1997. Nevertheless, the EAGGF section of the Objective 1 
SPD for Belgium accounts for only a small percentage (less than 7%) of the total and more than half 
of the appropriations go towards "horizontal" measures (Regulations (EEC) Nos 2328/91 and 
866/90), plus some rural development measures. 
Progress in implementation was particularly sluggish for the measure relating to fisheries (0.1% of the 
total). This is explained in part by the fact that the budget for the measure was tripled in mid-1996, 
following a transfer of Community assistance from the EAGGF to the FTFG at the request of the 
Hainaut authorities. Projects eligible for financing using the additional funds have not been submitted 
to date. 
The mid-term evaluation allowed certain programming options to be adjusted, with the result in 
particular that aid to enterprises was stepped up (in particular under the ACE measure). According to 
the evaluation, assistance in the human resources field was generally successful, with positive impact 
on the area concerned. 
Overall, the measures undertaken suggest that around 8 000 jobs will have been created by the end of 
the programming period. 
OBJECTIVE 2 
Four areas are eligible under Objective 2, namely Meuse-Vesdre (Liège), Aubange, Limburg and 
Turnhout. 1997 saw the launching of the new SPDs for 1997-99 and the winding-up of the SPDs for 
1994-96. Though the four SPDs for 1994-96 were concluded, not all appropriations had been used 
during the first period, so the authorities made transfers to 1997-99 in the case of the SPDs for Liège 
(ECU 9.6 million transferred), Limburg (ECU 13.5 million) and Turnhout (ECU 5.6 million). 
In the main, the development strategies applied in the first period were continued. However, some, at 
times substantial, changes were made during the partnership negotiations: in the SPD for Liège, for 
instance, the measure to support productive investments was strengthened along the lines of 
Objective 1; in the SPD for Aubange, the proposed strategy seeks to integrate large, recently 
established enterprises more fully into the economic fabric of the area by stimulating relations 
between enterprises concerning subcontracting, R&TD, logistics and external services; in the SPDs 
for Limburg and Turnhout, a new measure has been introduced for local employment initiatives. 
54 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
In the human resources field, 7 500 people have followed training under the SPD for Liège, 7 000 in 
the case of Limburg and 2 400 in Turnhout. 
OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 
In 1997, some 65 000 people (outside Hainaut, which is eligible under Objective 1) benefited from 
training, vocational guidance or reintegration measures under Objective 3. This is a remarkable 
number of beneficiaries, given the budgetary constraints and the fact that measures part-financed by 
the ESF give priority to the least-favoured groups (young people with no qualifications, elderly and 
long-term unemployed, etc.) and form part of the pathways to integration. Objective 3 in Belgium, for 
example, places the foremost importance on the concept of "pathways to integration" adapted to the 
beneficiary as an individual and to partnership between the various sponsors. Its application therefore 
calls for close cooperation between the (public or private) sponsors and the authorities. 
Integration of unemployed young people in Wallonia: Under the new strategy introduced by the 
Walloon Ministry of Housing and drawing on aid from the ESF, various districts work together to 
create jobs for unemployed young people with few or no qualifications. Local communities are thus 
made more aware of their potential to create and supply jobs. The idea is not only to provide 
vocational training for young people "but also to make them into responsible citizens. They are given 
training lasting a year, which combines general education and basic skills, in particular in building, 
joinery and decoration. 
As in the case of Objective 3, implementation of Objective 4 fell behind schedule as a result of the 
large number of authorities responsible. The programmes only really got going in 1996. In 1997, some 
11 000 employees of SMEs (outside Hainaut) received training, despite the difficulties encountered 
with the Flemish Community programme. Nevertheless, there is some hope that the programme, 
which has fallen behind in implementation, will also be up and running soon and that the regional 
authorities responsible will make the considerable effort required. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) - agriculture 
Implementation of the SPDs for the Flemish and Walloon Regions is progressing satisfactorily as 
regards aid for the processing of agricultural and forestry products. In 1997, aid focused on potatoes, 
fruit and vegetables, meat and forestry products in Wallonia, and meat, eggs and poultry, fruit and 
vegetables in Flanders. As a result of developments on the agricultural markets, the SPDs were 
adjusted in 1997. Most projects are innovative and environmentally friendly. As for measures to 
improve the efficiency of agricultural structures, the Commission approved the new Walloon Region 
legislation applying those measures, including compensatory allowances for natural handicaps. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) - fisheries 
The main feature of implementation in 1997 was a rise in investments. This tendency is particularly 
evident in processing and marketing, where appropriations committed were more than twice what they 
were in 1994-96. 
OBJECTIVE 5(b) 
In Wallonia, efforts undertaken in 1996 to improve implementation of the Objective 5(b) SPD by the 
regional authorities and their partners on the ground were continued in 1997. These efforts are bearing 
fruit since commitment of Community appropriations has risen to 47% and the funds allocated to the 
Walloon Region appear to have actually been passed on to the final beneficiaries within a satisfactory 
time scale. In Flanders, the two programmes (Meetjesland and Westhoek) stress the integrated 
approach to rural development. Maintaining and increasing employment are major priorities. Tourism 
is viewed as a primary lever for development, but the provision of facilities for enterprises is also 
emphasised. The two Monitoring Committees found that, leaving aside purely agricultural projects, 
progress has been relatively slow. This slowness is largely due to the Flemish Government's problems 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) S5 
with part-financing. In Westhoek, only the 1994 budget was committed for all three Funds; in 
Meetjesland the 1995 budget for the EAGGF has been committed. Only the first instalment of 
Community contributions for 1994 has been paid. A series of proposed changes to programmes has 
been submitted. The Commission appreciates the need to amend the SPDs on the basis of the interim 
evaluation reports. 
2. Community Initiatives 
Belgium takes part in all the Community Initiatives with the exception of Regis. The four Leader II 
programmes pending were finally approved in 1997, and progress is already satisfactory for two of 
them (Hainaut and Wallonia). The regional authorities have endeavoured to catch up by calling for 
local action groups to come forward on the basis of an application drawn up and coordinated by the 
Wallonia Rural Foundation. In Flanders, no local action groups had yet been designated at the end of 
1997. 
Overall, the Community Initiatives for industrial conversion (Konver, Résider H, Retex and Rechar H) 
are making satisfactory progress. In 1997 the Monitoring Committee for the Rechar II programme for 
Flanders decided to allocate resources made available from the reserve and through indexation to the 
measures for physical infrastructure and for social infrastructure in mining towns. The Monitoring 
Committee for the Retex 1995-97 programme for Westhoek was set up only at the end of 1997, which 
means that the first projects under that Initiative were not approved until the end of 1997. At the end 
of 1997, the Monitoring Committee decided to allocate the reserve and the sum made available 
through indexation to the programme and requested it be extended to the end of 1999. 
Innovative Community Initiatives like SME and Urban are coming up against difficulties of 
implementation due to the type of measures, which has induced the Walloon Region authorities to 
submit reprogramming proposals following the allocation of the reserve. 
The situation regarding the Community human resources Initiatives is as follows: the second series of 
projects for Employment were selected in 1997. In Flanders, 49 projects were selected and launched 
in 1997. The sponsors vary considerably, while the measures mostly relate to training. In 1997, 
136 projects were approved for the French- and German-speaking communities. In the case of Adapt, 
43 projects relating to textiles, electrical engineering, the environment, construction, transport, and 
tourism were selected in Flanders. Priorities continue to be innovation and the participation of SMEs. 
The sponsors also vary widely. In Wallonia, 55 projects were approved for the French- and German-
speaking communities. Regional priorities are improvement in qualifications, competitiveness among 
enterprises, the environment and job creation. 
As for as the Pesca Initiative, the projects considered in 1996 were implemented in 1997. The 
programme is now well known to the potential beneficiaries and new projects have been submitted. 
56 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
2.2.2. DENMARK 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 
Measures to assist small businesses 
The contribution of the Funds to measures for small firms under the regionalised Objectives during 
the current period totals'about ECU 223 million, 43% for Objective 2 and 57% for Objective 5(b). 
Under Objective 2, for example, a project ('Nordjysk innovation') has been set up in North Jutland 
bringing together the Novi science park, the University of Aalborg and two technological information 
centres in the region to promote innovation in local firms through closer networking of university 
science staff and small firms. The measures include the establishment of a secretariat to link the 
university and firms, the setting up of a database on the research needs of firms and a database on 
scientific results. The total cost of the operation is ECU 2.7 million, of which the ERDF will pay half. 
OBJECTIVE 2 
The two new programmes for 1997-99 (Lolland and North Jutland), for which the Funds will provide 
ECU 68.2 million, were adopted in 1997. The results of the mid-term evaluation guided work on the 
new programmes: 
The programme for Lolland, to which the Funds will contribute ECU 13.8 million, aims to expand the 
development base of firms', to maintain and increase the number of short- and long-term jobs and to 
raise the total income of the region. It is expected that some 230 jobs will be created or maintained in 
the short-term and 600 in the long-term. Furthermore, some 740 people should take part in training 
measures. Not all the funds for the 1994-96 programme could be used and ECU 2.7 million (28% of 
the original funding) was transferred to 1997-99. 
The programme for North Jutland, to which the Funds will contribute ECU 54.4 million, is intended 
to improve the conditions for growth for firms in the region and so maintain or increase the number of 
jobs. To do so, the programme will increase the ability of firms to cope with international competition 
through innovation, improvements in skills, better education and infrastructure. It is expected that 
some 2 100 jobs will be created and some 5 000 people should benefit from training measures. 
OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 
Implementation of Objective 3 was satisfactory in 1997 and the mid-term review of programmes 
found its measures to be appropriate. It also found that the reduction in the unemployment rate among 
young people and national measures to combat unemployment among young people meant that the 
priorities of Objective 3 could be redirected towards those aged over 25. Longer-term training 
measures were also advocated. 
Objective 4 was also subject to an evaluation, which found that implementation was satisfactory but 
also proposed closer integration between the priorities of each project and its innovative content. The 
evaluation found that most projects concerned small firms. It also concluded that two priorities, 
vocational training, advice and guidance and the improvement and development of vocational training 
systems are strongly driven by organisational and technological changes. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 
Most of the ECU 103 million of Community assistance to improve the efficiency of agricultural 
structures in 1994-99 is going to investments, followed by installation aid and investment by young 
farmers. In 1997 Denmark proposed for the first time a list of areas regarded as disadvantaged. 
Farmers on 30 small islands whose production costs are sharply raised by distance and with low 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 57_ 
incomes from farming will receive compensatory allowances from the EAGGF totalling ECU 250 000 
per year from 1998. 
Aid for the processing and marketing of agricultural products under Regulation (EC) No 951/97 was 
implemented successfully. By the end of 1997, 104 projects had been approved, mostly in the meat 
(52), milk and milk products (20) and fruit and vegetables (10) sectors. By that date, 73 of these 
projects had been completed and 70% of the EAGGF contribution to these projects for 1994-99 had 
been committed. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) fisheries 
A socio-economic measure on the early retirement of fishermen was included in the programme in 
1997. The measure will be financed partly through the indexation mechanism. This brings the revised 
total of assistance from the FIFG to ECU 142.5 million. During 1997, use of funds was particularly 
high in areas where assistance was provided for the measures for processing and the adjustment of 
fishing capacity. The second advance for 1996 was committed in 1997 and the final payment for 1995 
was transferred to Denmark. The Monitoring Committee for Objective 5(a) fisheries discussed the 
mid-term evaluation report, as a result of which the Danish authorities will propose a redistribution of 
amounts for assistance in the course of 1998. 
OBJECTIVE 5(b) 
The main goals in Denmark are the creation and preservation of permanent jobs and raising income 
levels, while taking account of environmental factors. The mid-term evaluation showed that, in 
general, the progress of programmes was satisfactory in view of the late start to implementation. In 
line with the assessor's recommendations, the Monitoring Committee decided at its meeting in June 
1997 to improve implementation of the measures which were furthest behind schedule and look at the 
need for changes in the structure of programmes in 1998. 
2. Community Initiatives 
Denmark is concerned by only one of the industrial conversion Initiatives, Konver. This programme 
was closed at the end of 1997. 
A new decision on one of the three Interreg IIA crossborder programmes with Germany was taken in 
September 1997. Changes in the programme increased the area covered in Germany (Kreis Plon). The 
Interreg II A programme with Sweden (Ôresund) got off to a slow start in terms of commitments, 
mainly because of the establishment of a new administrative body for the two countries. Since then 
140 projects have been submitted. This region is also designated as a 'model region' in one of the 
territorial pacts for employment. There will be a mid-term evaluation of all the Interreg II A 
programmes in 1998. 
The SMEs Initiative, which covers the areas eligible under Objectives 2 and 5(b), was slightly 
adjusted in 1997 to bring it into line with a new project for national aid to businessmen. The SMEs 
Initiative should improve the survival rate of firms, increase skills among businessmen and improve 
employment through the creation of new jobs. Every year 16 000 new firms are set up, of which 10% 
fail. The SMEs programme should reduce this to 6%. The Objective 2 Monitoring Committee for 
Lolland has become the Monitoring Committee for the SMEs programme. 
The two Interreg II C crossborder programmes (Baltic Sea and North Sea) were approved in 
December 1997. The secretariat for the Baltic Sea programme is at Rostock in Germany while that for 
the North Sea programme is at Viborg in Denmark. 
38 Adapt projects and 29 Employment projects for human resources have been subsequently selected. 
Most will be concluded at the end of 1998. A second series of projects (60 under Adapt and 40 under 
Employment) was selected at the beginning of this year and they too will finish at the end of the year. 
58 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
The priorities of these projects are the establishment of firms by women, the expansion of knowledge 
of information technologies for the handicapped, the creation of links between compulsory education 
and training, support for small firms and the changing jobs project. Project promoters are mainly 
private vocational training establishments. The dissemination of good practice will be implemented 
mainly through a specific Nordic project during 1998. 
The Danish Leader II programme was adopted in June 1996 with the long-term goal of ensuring that 
the areas remain active, populated and viable. During 1997 the development leaders were appointed, 
some projects for the acquisition of skills were launched and a start made on the promotion of 
activities. 
By the end of 1997 70% of the investment approved under Pesca had been made. The programme will 
be adjusted in 1998 to include the reserve, which will bring the total contribution of the Funds to ECU 
20 million at 1998 prices. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 59 
2.2.3. GERMANY 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 
The priorities for 1997 were the mid-term evaluation of assistance from the Funds, the adoption and 
implementation of the new Objective 2 programmes for 1997-99 and the launch of the nine territorial 
employment pacts. 
Measures to assist small businesses in Germany 
The total contribution by the Structural Funds in 1994-99 to measures for small firms under the 
regionalised Objectives is about ECU 6.9 billion, 86% for Objective 1, 7% for Objective 2 and 7% for 
Objective 5(b). 
Objective 1: The Objective 1 programmes (new Lander) include substantial assistance for small 
firms. In 1994-99, about 30% of the resources of the ERDF will go to measures to promote investment 
in such firms or to develop services for them. 
For example, a small firm was established in Saxony-Anhalt to make non-woven materials for babies' 
nappies. An entirely new procedure was used and 22 permanent jobs were created. In Brandenburg 
the ERDF part-financed a technology centre and business nursery which will be used by small firms 
in the automation, environment, transport, computer and communications sectors. In eastern Berlin, 
the Funds are improving the conditions under which small firms can be established on the former 
industrial site at Schôneweide. The derelict industrial land on Wilhelminehofstrasse has been 
restored. A training centre primarily for the handicapped has been set up in Thuringia. In total, over 
62 100 new jobs will be created in the Objective 1 regions in 1994-99. 
Objective 2: Measures for small firms, which already occupied a substantial place in earlier 
programmes, have been further enhanced in the new ones. The programme for Schleswig-Holstein. 
for example, includes a low-cost business area for small firms which wish to set up there. In North 
Rhine-Westphalia, a materials testing centre (HAPEG) for small firms in the areas affected by the 
crisis in the steel industry has been built so that they can carry out technical checks on prototypes. In 
Hesse small firms received loans of up to 50% extra to take on innovation assistants. The Rohloff firm 
in Kassel manufactures high-technology bicycles with six full-time and four part-time staff. As a 
result of taking on an extra engineer, it received an extra ECU 27 000, half of which came from the 
ERDF. In Saarland, seven small firms received assistance worth about ECU 1.4 million under the 
interest-rate subsidy programme. These firms (of which three already exist and four are being set up) 
received help to adapt to the internal market in Europe. The programme is restricted to small firms 
which are being set up or beginning work. 
Objective 5(b): Six of the eight regional programmes for Germany include a large component for 
small firms. They contain a great variety of measures to develop businessmen's skills, provide 
adequate infrastructure for small firms being set up, offset the distance to their main markets by 
supporting new telecommunications technology and combine the marketing efforts of small firms 
with research and development. The mid-term evaluation showed that these measures had a 
considerable impact on the development of small firms in rural areas. The report noted that in Bavaria 
measures to promote investment by firms had resulted in the creation or preservation of 7 400 jobs. 
OBJECTIVE 1 
The five new Lander and the eastern part of Berlin are eligible under Objective 1. The six priorities of 
the CSF (support for investment in infrastructure, aid for small firms, research and technological 
development, environmental protection, raising skills and vocational training and rural development) 
continued to be the goals in 1997. The amounts allocated to technical assistance provided part-finance 
60 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (199 7) 
for evaluation of the CSF. Berlin also commissioned a study on the economic interdependence of 
Berlin and Brandenburg. 
Since the beginning of the 1994-99 programming period, the Structural Funds have supported some 
22 000 projects and 107 000 new jobs have been created and 230 000 preserved, mainly in the field of 
the promotion of productive investment and support for small firms. During 1997 the CSF Monitoring 
Committee, including the economic and social partners, met twice, in Potsdam and Leipzig. It 
allocated the amounts resulting from indexation (ECU 23.2 million) to the various Lander and made a 
substantial change to the programme for Brandenburg by transferring ECU 35 million originally 
allocated to rural development to the priority for research, technological development and innovation 
in order to set up a semi-conductors institute in Frankfurt-an-der-Oder. 
During 1997 nine major projects costing ECU 50 million each were submitted to the Commission. 
They concern the establishment of multinational companies in Objective 1 regions including Daimler-
Benz at Henning, Coca-Cola at Genshagen and the computer division of Deutsche Telekom in 
Magdeburg. 
The two territorial employment pacts for the Objective 1 regions (Chemnitz and Zeitz) began in 1997. 
Measures in agriculture, including the construction of modern, productive facilities and the marketing 
and treatment of agricultural produce, continued. However, because the unemployment rate is 
particularly high, assistance from the EAGGF Guidance Section was directed mainly to the creation of 
alternative work and particular attention was paid to the measures for direct marketing and agricultural 
tourism. The evaluation reports showed that these measures preserved or created a large number of 
jobs and confirmed that the programmes were progressing satisfactorily as planned. 
Under the ESF roughly 325 866, mostly disadvantaged persons participated during 1997 in 
qualification and/or employment support measures. Thus the ESF contributed significantly to 
enhancing active labour market policy in the new Lander and East-Berlin. In this context the specific 
youth training initiative (Gl-Ost) was continued too. The ESF participated also in action aimed at 
boosting the human potential in research and technological development (RTD). 
A new RTD project which started at the Berlin-Buch campus is designed to qualify scientists and 
technicians in modern biomedicine and biotechnology with a view to their future employment in 
private industry, to a large extent SMEs. This project is likely to serve as a model for other RTD 
initiatives in German Objectif 1 regions. 
OBJECTIVE 2 
During 1997 nine programmes were adopted for the new programming period 1997-99. Since it had 
not proved possible to implement those for 1994-96 in full, a total of some ECU 40 million was 
transferred to the new period. 
The following programme priorities were retained: promoting the development of firms, particularly 
small firms, promoting new technologies and innovation, developing infrastructure and environmental 
measures. Extra funds were provided for some priorities, such as the environment in Lower Saxony 
where the new priority of promoting measures to improve the environment was introduced to provide 
financial support so that small firms can introduce environmentally-friendly production processes. 
Measures to promote human resources development to which the ESF contributes have been defined 
in such a way as to reinforce the above development priorities. In addition, the importance of 
employment aids has been reinforced in a number of programs with a view to facilitate thevocatinal 
integration of formerly unemployed persons. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 61 
OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 
The number of those taking part in training measures during 1997 was considerably higher than 
expected and most came from the ranks of the long-term unemployed. While combating 
unemployment among young people is not a priority at federal level, it is certainly part of the regional 
programmes for Objective 3. The mid-term review noted that ESF assistance had plugged certain gaps 
in the present system in terms of both quality and quantity. Although the target groups were far 
removed from the labour market, ESF assistance had often produced better results as measured by 
those returning to work than existing measures. 
A major subject of discussions between the Commission and the federal and regional authorities was 
reform of the 'employment plan' (Arbeitsforderungsgesetz) as the main vehicle for national part-
finance. A large part of the reform, which came into force in April 1997, concerned training to 
improve the prospects for the unemployed to find work, implemented by the ESF under the 
'employment plan-Plus'. These measures were subsequently incorporated into the national 
programme. However, this reform should entail no particular difficulties, despite the fears expressed 
by certain regions with regard to national part-financing for ESF measures being charged to the much 
more limited regional or local budgets rather than to that of the federal Ministry of Employment. 
In May 1996 the SPD for Objective 4 adopted in 1994 for 1994-96 was extended to 1997-99. In 
November the Monitoring Committee considered a fresh balance between national public and private 
contributions (currently 60/40) where required by the different restrictions in the financial 
management of the federal and regional authorities. It was also agreed to assist those establishing new 
SMEs through monitoring, something which had not originally been planned. The mid-term 
evaluation showed that delays in starting programmes had subsequently been made up. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 
About 55% of the total of ECU 872 million to improve agricultural structures is used to pay 
compensatory allowances to farmers in less-favoured areas, which account for 50% of the usable 
agricultural area. These allowances are, in general, tending to decline since Germany has decided to 
gradually switch its allowances to investment. Some ECU 177 million will go to assistance for the 
establishment of young farmers and ECU 147 million to investment in agricultural holdings. 
The special conditions governing investment aid in the new Lander under Article 40 of Regulation 
(EC) No 950/97 expired on 1 January 1997. New rules governing aid throughout the country were 
included in the German programme for agricultural investment (Agrarinvestitionsforderprogramm 
1997-2000) at the end of 1996 to ensure uniform application. 
By the end of 1997, 328 projects for the processing and marketing of agricultural structures had been 
approved and 152 closed. Finance went mainly to the fruit and vegetables, meat, milk and milk 
products and flowers and plants sectors. New sectors were added to some programmes during the 
year. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) fisheries 
By the end of 1997 virtually all the investment planned for the first four years (1994-97) had been 
completed. The projects which have not yet begun but for which the national authorities have 
committed matching funds suggest that implementation in 1998 and 1999 will also be in line with 
expectations. 
OBJECTIVE 5(b) 
Despite the substantial budget reductions agreed on by the Lander in 1997, four out of eight of them 
asked for the 1998 instalment to be committed. The mid-term evaluation suggest that the successful 
financial implementation of the majority of the programmes is the result of the fact that the Lander 
eligible under Objective 5(b) have an efficient administrative system. However, progress in North 
62 ^^^^^ 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
Rhine-Westphalia and, to a lesser degree, Saarland is considerably weaker. In all probability, the 
funds available will be committed by the end of the programming period. Minor amendments to three 
programmes were made in 1997 and others will be discussed in 1998. 
2. Community Initiatives 
A total of 86 programmes are being implemented, of which three were adopted in 1997 (SMEs-IBEX, 
Urban Zwickau and Urban Kiel). So too are 22 programmes under Interreg II A and II C, four of 
which (Rhine-Meuse, Baltic Sea, Adriatic-Danube and North Sea) were adopted in 1997. 
Some 56 amendments were made to programmes during 1997. These concerned the application of 
indexation, the allocation of the reserve, the extension of programmes and the adjustment of 
measures. 
The SMEs Community Initiative provides a total of about ECU 189 million for 1994-99. The main 
measures implemented are in the sectors of the environment, energy, quality management and advice 
on foreign trade. For example, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, a firm with a staff of five which 
assembles doors and windows has received a grant to improve its internal organisation and cost 
management. In Saarland, some 50 small firms have been encourage to follow advice on quality 
management to participate in a certification scheme. This measure was particularly aimed at craft 
industries. 
The mid-term evaluation of the SMEs, Résider II, Rechar H, Urban, Retex and Konver Initiatives in 
the Objective 1 regions began in 1997 and the results will be available in mid-1998. In the case of 
Interreg H, the evaluation reports will be submitted on various dates depending on the programmes. 
The mid-term evaluation of the Adapt and Employment Initiatives show that more people received 
training than was planned. The installation of the transnational partnerships was considered 
satisfactory. 
In the case of the first phase of the Employment Community Initiative (1994-97), 138 projects were 
closed in 1997 and 105 are continuing in 1998. Of the 1 140 proposed for the second phase (1997-99), 
about 362 were selected, mostly in Italy, the United Kingdom, Spain and France. The main groups 
concerned by these measures are migrant workers, young foreign workers and the mentally 
handicapped. 
Over 430 projects were selected under Adapt for 1997-99. About 80% of the firms concerned have 
fewer than 250 workers. The mid-term evaluation suggests that Adapt should reach a total of 10 000 
to 11 000 small firms. 
After some initial difficulties, Leader II was successfully implemented during 1997. Experience has 
shown that it is primarily innovative projects in rural areas linked with acquisition of specialist 
knowledge which have the greatest impact. 
After a difficult start, the implementation of Pesca has speeded up. By the end of 1997, programmes 
were progressing satisfactorily in Lower Saxony, Bremen and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania while 
there were still delays in Schleswig-Holstein. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 63 
2.2.4. GREECE 
1. The main achievements of the Funds by Objective 
OBJECTIVE 1 
The whole of Greece is eligible under Objective 1. 
Measures to assist small businesses in Greece 
The Structural Funds are making a considerable contribution to the development of small firms under 
Objective 1. Their contribution is expected to amount to about ECU 3.24 billion over the current 
period. 
The national programme for the modernisation of industry includes a specific measure for the 
development of small firms, particularly through financial engineering and assistance to improve 
competitiveness. Under the programme, for example, a global grant was made in 1997 to industrialists 
in Northern Greece. It is managed by a body which receives, assesses and examines applications from 
firms, particularly in the Thessaloniki area, concerning new development measures in northern Greece 
or relating to the opening of the Greek market to the countries of central Europe, particularly the 
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria. 
In Crete the ERDF contributed ECU 1.7 million to support a science and technology park (STEP-C) 
costing ECU 2.2 million which was set up in 1993 by members of one of the best-known Greek 
research institutes (FORTH). The purpose of this new science park is to make the know-how 
accumulated by universities and others widely available in order to establish a third area of 
development for the island alongside the traditional activities of agriculture and tourism. The park is 
managed by a small team of experts in a variety of scientific and commercial fields. STEP-C is now 
cooperating with a large number of public and private organisations and providing services to some 
twenty member firms and many other associate members. The main activities represented are 
information technologies, micro-electronics with laser applications, prototypes of medical equipment, 
information and remote networks and regional industrial activities such as ceramics and plastics. Its 
success has led to plans for a 15 ha extension. 
Most rural development measures to help small firms concern the agri-food sector. From 1994 up to 
the first half of 1997, small firms submitted 421 projects for the processing and marketing of 
agricultural products representing a total investment of ECU 384.5 million (of which the EAGGF 
Guidance Section contributed ECU 148 million). 
The last mechanisms for implementing assistance were completed in 1997. ELKE (the agency for 
attracting investment to Greece) and the agency for improving the management of regions and 
ministries began work. During the year the regions achieved better preparation through the use of 
technical specifications for each project. 
The agencies set up to implement the major projects continued their work, Egnatia S.À. for the east-
west road route, Attiko Metro for the extension of the Athens underground and Ktimatologio S.A. for 
the establishment of the Greek land registry. Furthermore, Ergose S.A. took over all the 
documentation hitherto managed by the OSE state body on the modernisation and extension of the rail 
network in Greece. During 1997 the Greek authorities invited private investors to participate in the 
completion of projects concerning the motorway network and a call for tenders for a private 
consultant to prepare the system of private concessions was published. Similar steps were taken with 
regard to the natural gas distribution system. A call for tenders issued by the Greek authorities should 
result in the appointment of private concession holders for natural gas distribution in four major 
cities, including Athens and Thessaloniki, in 1998. 
64 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
In general, programmes made satisfactory progress in 1997. Only one programme, the national 
programme for the modernisation of the postal services, which had been adopted in 1995, failed to get 
started since it required the conditions for such modernisation to be met first. In 1997 the Greek 
authorities took all the decisions required and the programme will begin in 1998. The rate of 
implementation of the sectoral programmes for energy and agriculture were particularly high, as were 
the regional programmes for Attiki and Epirus. 
It was not possible to allocate the deflator for 1997 (the indexation mechanism) during the year but it 
will be approved during the first half of 1998. However, in October 1997 the Monitoring Committee 
for the CSF took important decisions increasing or reducing the ERDF contribution to certain 
programmes. The programme for the development of road routes received an extra ECU 234.9 million 
in public expenditure, of which ECU 141 million will come from the ERDF, the rail programme 
received an extra ECU 66.7 million in public expenditure, of which ECU 40 million will come from 
the ERDF, the industry programme received an extra ECU 229.7 million in public expenditure, of 
which ECU 136 million will come from the ERDF and public expenditure on the tourism and culture 
programme was reduced by ECU 120 million, of which the ERDF's share is ECU 30 million. 
Assistance from the ESF for the human resources programmes, particularly that for education and 
basic training, had to take account of the reform of the education system approved by the Greek 
Government in 1997. The reform improves upper secondary education by introducing a single type of 
grammar school, increasing the number of training places for students, recruiting new teachers 
through competitions and so on. 1997 was a transitional year for the continuing training and 
promotion of employment programme, which saw the preparation of reprogramming and the 
introduction of new measures in line with political priorities at national and Community level. A 
national certification centre was also established to take responsibility for all certification work in 
training centres. The programme to combat exclusion encountered a number of difficulties in its early 
stages as a result of its innovative approach but there was a substantial improvement in 1997. A 
transitional action programme costing ECU 33 million was approved and implemented by some 
agencies. As a result of the mid-term review, a number of steps were taken such as activation of the 
'infrastructure and joint services' sub-programme for the excluded. Under the health and social 
security programme, ESF training complements material investment supported by the ERDF. The first 
training measures began in autumn 1997. Despite this late start, the initial goals will probably be 
achieved by the end of the programming period. 
The national programme for agricultural development is being implemented at a very satisfactory rate 
(76% of assistance committed and 64% paid at the end of 1997) and the regional strand is around the 
average for the Greek OPs. Funds for the national programme were again increased in 1997 by 
allocation of part of the deflator to meet new urgent needs. 
Reprogramming of the fisheries OP meant that all the 1996 instalment and 80% of that for 1997 could 
be paid. Implementation was best in the case of measures relating to adjustment of the fishing effort. 
2. Community Initiatives 
As in the case of the CSF, progress in implementing the Community Initiatives varied considerably. 
While the industrial conversion programmes (Résider H, Rechar H, Konver and particularly Retex) are 
proceeding well, Urban is well behind schedule because of specific features of the measures to be 
implemented, particularly in terms of the partnership. The Interreg II A external frontiers programme 
concerning Bulgaria is now proceeding well while the crossborder programme with Italy, which was 
adopted late, in 1997, should be fully operational in 1998. The Interreg II B Regen programme on 
completing energy networks is almost fully implemented. At the end of 1997, two new Interreg II C 
programmes, for drought and floods, still awaited adoption. 
The final phase of the first series of projects under the two human resources Initiatives Employment 
and Adapt began in 1997. Commitments for the first phase total about 90% of the amounts available 
and the remaining 10% has been transferred to the second series, under which 177 projects were 
9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
selected for Employment and 115 for Adapt. The projects selected are spread equally across the 
territory. Small firms are participating in Adapt to a greater extent. The total contribution of the 
private sector to the two Initiatives is about 10% of the total budget. Implementation of the 
Employment and Adapt programmes has made a large number of employers aware of the need for 
training within the target groups, particularly within small firms. 
As regards rural development (Leader II CIP), 1997 saw the most effective Leader action groups 
begin work. For the remainder, the year was spent examining the applications of the various 
beneficiaries and the appeals procedure for those applications which had originally been rejected. By 
definition, investment in innovative areas under Leader is particularly directed at rural small firms. 
Implementation of the Pesca Community Initiative was satisfactory with 98% of assistance 
committed. The first advances from the single instalment (42% of assistance) were also paid. 
66 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
2.2.5. SPAIN 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 
Spain is concerned by all the Objectives except, of course, Objective 6. It is the main recipient of 
assistance from the Structural Funds in 1994-99. The regions eligible under the various Objectives 
include 82% of its population. 
Measures to assist small businesses in Spain 
During 1994-99 the Funds will contribute under the regionalised Objectives a total of some ECU 2.3 
billion for the development of small firms: 43% under Objective 1, about 28% in the Objective 2 
areas and 29% under Objective 5(b). This total represents about 7.6% of the total allocation for that 
period to Spain under the Structural Funds. 
Objective 1: In Malaga in Andalusia the ERDF has been helping since 1992 to finance a technology 
park which is now home to over 40 firms (Community contribution of ECU 27.2 million to a total cost 
of about ECU 45.9 million). Newly established small firms are located in a business nursery which 
provides shared services. Scientific bodies located in the park include the Andalusian institute for 
advanced automation and robotics, the Andalusian centre for documentation on standards and 
manufacturing, the Andalusian image processing institute and the regional institute for millimetric 
waves. The medium-term aim of the park is to integrate itself into the productive fabric of Andalusia 
and further afield, principally through the transfer of technology. Hence it participates in several 
Community programmes and European networks including the Sprint, Leonardo and Adapt 
programmes and the Atlantic Arc network. Furthermore, the Malaga technology park hosts the head 
office of the International Association of Science Parks (IASP), which covers some 200 parks, 4 000 
firms and 800 research centres throughout the world. The park in Malaga also provides an 
experimental base for technological exchanges between Europe and North Africa. 
The programme for the region of Murcia includes a project to improve the quality of training and 
planning of human resources in small firms engaged in making furniture and wood-working by 
providing assistance to an association of firms in the sector. The initial goal is develop a computer 
system to define training plans and set up assessment systems. The project is aimed at small firms 
with 20 to 40 workers. Those concerned have a full range of skills backgrounds and special attention 
is being paid to those with weak skills affected by the introduction of new technologies, those aged 
over 45 and women with poor vocational skills. 
Most of the assistance from the EAGGF Guidance section to small firms in agriculture forms part of 
the programme on the agri-foodstuffs industry and structural measures in agriculture. This is a 
multiregional programme for the modernisation of agriculture (structural assistance for production) 
and the agri-foodstuffs sector (support for the processing and marketing of agricultural products). It 
has substantial funding (ECU 1.23 billion from the EAGGF Guidance section). 
Objective 2: Near Tarragona in Catalonia the ERDF is part-financing a testing and certification 
centre for the motor vehicle industry (IDIADA). The Community is providing ECU 43.4 million 
towards the total cost of ECU 86.7 million. The centre is for use by vehicle builders and small firms 
which act as sub-contractors in this sector. It recently acquired a new complex including test tracks 
and laboratories. In 1995, of the 245 firms which are clients of IDIADA, 48% were located in 
Catalonia, 37% in the rest of Spain and 15% from elsewhere. The staff employed rose from 23 in 
1990 to 120 in 1996. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
In Madrid the plan on assistance and education for infants is designed to update the knowledge and 
skills of those employed in the first stage of infant education (0-6 years) in the light of the reform of 
the Spanish education system. The beneficiary is the Union of cooperatives of associated work in 
Madrid (UCETAM). The training plan covers 20 small firms with a total staff of 345 (an average of 
16 per firm). 
Objectives 3 and 4: Assistance to small firms from the ESF is provided mainly through Objective 4. 
However, the mid-term evaluation found that the original aim of concentrating 80% of measures on 
small firms had not yet been achieved. However, participation by small firms is increasing and is now 
up to 50%. 
OBJECTIVE 1 
Three items of assistance were adopted in 1997: a global grant to Castile-Leon to stimulate small 
firms in the area (ECU 56.2 million from the ERDF), the general collector in Santander Bay major 
project (ECU 17.7 million from the ERDF) and the major project to construct an oil pipeline from 
Cartagena to Puertollona (ECU 62.9 million from the ERDF). 
Excluding these three items, over 1997 as a whole some 85% of assistance under the CSF was 
committed. The most active Autonomous Communities in terms of commitments were the Canary 
Islands (1st programme), Ceuta, Castile-La Mancha (1st and 2nd programmes) and Valencia. The 
highest implementation rates for payments were achieved by Ceuta, Cantabria (1st programme) and 
the Canary Islands (1st programme). 
The meeting of the CSF Monitoring Committee held on 4 December 1997 considered the results of 
the mid-term assessment. In general terms, this recommended continuation of the present strategy, 
which it considered in line with the needs of the regions. However, the Commission representatives 
asked for further study of the environment, human resources and R&TD. 
The meeting also decided to introduce a new sub-priority on the information society, to be open to all 
the Funds. A proposal to amend the financing plan for the CSF to take account of the comments of the 
mid-term evaluation and the Commission guidelines was accordingly presented. This amendment 
increases the priority on the development of the economic fabric while reducing the resources 
allocated to the priorities for improving access and tourism. 
With regard to human resources, the mid-term evaluation proposed stepping up preventive measures, 
i.e. stronger measures for those threatened by long-term unemployment or at greatest risk of exclusion 
from the labour market, the development of pathways to integration by making the measures part-
financed more widely applicable and improving instruments for planning, management, monitoring 
and evaluation by giving special attention to better coordination between assistance from the various 
authorities. 
The various reprogrammings concerning agriculture in 1997 meant that appropriations could be 
transferred among certain programmes, mainly to that for the agri-foodstuffs industry and structural 
measures in agriculture which received an extra ECU 37 million. Implementation of appropriations 
from the EAGGF Guidance Section is about average for the Objective 1 programmes in Spain; 
OBJECTIVE 2 
As they had done for the programmes for 1994-96, the national authorities in Spain again followed a 
three-stage administrative procedure (plan, CSF, OP) for the programmes for 1997-99. The 
partnership procedure for these programmes was virtually completed in 1997. On 12 June, the 
Commission adopted the CSF, with a total of ECU 851.9 million plus about ECU 145.5 million 
transferred from 1994-96. 
68 ____ 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
The priorities in the programmes adopted for 1997-99 differed substantially from those for the 
previous period: support for employment in firms became the main priority (almost 45% of assistance 
from the Funds) and support for research, technology and innovation also emerged as a separate 
priority (over 17% of assistance). The share allocated to the protection of the environment also grew 
substantially, rising from 4% in 1994-96 to 12%. The new programmes also introduced 
improvements, particularly the better integration of assistance from the two Funds concerned, the 
ERDF and the ESF, in the areas concerned and the better use of the opportunities offered by the ESF 
in terms of the quality of the measures part-financed and the opening up of assistance from Fund to 
measures to improve the environment. 
The programmes were adopted during 1997, with the exceptions of the OPs for Madrid and the 
Basque Country and the multiregional ESF programme, which were adopted during the first half of 
1998. 
OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 
The main feature of the work of the ESF with regard to Objective 3 in 1997 was the mid-term 
evaluation of the OPs and the CSF. 
There are 11 OPs for Objective 3, of which four (71% of the total amount) are managed by national 
bodies while the remaining seven (29% of the total amount) are managed by the Autonomous 
Communities (regions). 
The main emphasis is on the integration into working life of young people in search of a job (48% of 
the total amount). In general, the CSF concentrates resources on better access and improving the 
quality of training and on improving integrated forms (sandwich courses, traineeships, placement 
services). In view of labour market developments, stress is laid on vocational training in technology. 
Two meetings concerned with monitoring were held in 1997 and the partnership and the strategic role 
of the Monitoring Committee were strengthened, so improving the monitoring and evaluation 
procedures. In view of the results of the mid-term evaluation, the Monitoring Committee approved 
amendments to programming in the light of the goals to be achieved, priorities and the Commission 
guidelines on the adjustment of programmes. 
The results of the mid-term evaluation demonstrated that better teaching and training systems through 
the introduction of new provisions constituted a substantial improvement. The evaluation report 
proposed increasing concentration on the most disadvantaged groups and improving the links between 
the measures and provisions for monitoring and evaluation. 
Implementation of appropriations is around the Community average although the situation varies 
considerably from one OP to another. Although the situations in Navarre, the Basque Country and 
Catalonia are satisfactory, this is not true elsewhere. 
In the case of Objective 4, entry into force of the agreements on on-going training (1 January 1997) 
resulted in amendments to certain aspects of the SPD, the main ones being the change in the name of 
the programme and the opening up of the agreements to collectives of independent workers and the 
agricultural sector. These new collective beneficiaries will now be regarded as priority groups for 
Objective 4. 
The mid-term evaluation resulted in some reorientations: a redefinition of the quantitative goals of 
programming, revision of the list of jobs most likely to be affected by industrial change, the direction 
of ESF assistance to the priority groups in the programmes, particularly small firms, unqualified 
workers and women, improving the instruments for the management, monitoring and evaluation of the 
measures receiving part-finance and establishing coordination between the bodies responsible for 
managing funds allocated to on-going training. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 69 
The original aim of the programme, that 80% of measures should be concentrated on small firms, has 
not been achieved. However, participation in these measures by such firms is growing steadily and 
has now reached 50%. The target of 80% could be reached by the following means: an increase in 
anticipatory measures by these firms to help them measure the impact of industrial change on their 
training needs, encouraging the introduction of support structures, increasing cooperation between 
small firms and the establishment of cooperation networks between small firms and large ones to 
make best use of the results of training. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) - agriculture 
The rate of implementation of the SPD on aid for the processing and marketing of agricultural and 
forestry products in terms of commitments in 1995 and 1996 demonstrated that this measure needed 
further appropriations from the EAGGF Guidance Section. The ECU 50 million (at 1994 prices) so 
allocated corresponded to a reduction of the same amount in the funds for the measure to improve the 
efficiency of agricultural structures. Following this transfer, the EAGGF's contribution to the SPD for 
1994-99 is ECU 175 million. In 1997 the Spanish authorities approved 309 investments entailing 
Community assistance of ECU 49 million. Over 65% of investment concerns the meat and fruit and 
vegetables sectors. With regard to the structures of production, priority was given to assistance for 
investments on holdings, followed by aid to the most disadvantaged regions and aid for the 
establishment of young farmers. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) - fisheries 
Implementation of the SPD continued to be satisfactory. By the end of 1997 about 54% of total 
appropriations had been paid, of which 80% came from the 1997 instalment. About 40% of these 
payments had reached the final beneficiaries. 
OBJECTIVE 5(b) 
The steady achievement of the physical and financial goals of the SPDs continued in 1997; by the end 
of the year about 63% of assistance had been committed and 49% paid, well above the Community 
average for this Objective. 
To obtain an overall picture of achievements in 1994-96, the Monitoring Committees looked at the 
mid-term evaluation reports and proposed amendments to certain programmes to improve 
achievement of the development aims sought. 
The mid-term evaluation confirmed that the Objective 5(b) programmes are progressing satsisfactorily 
and in accordance with the goals laid down. There are no grounds for looking again at programming; 
what is required is structuring, awareness-raising and support, which will require in particular better 
monitoring. 
The decisions of the Committees (that of the Basque Country was held over to 1998) covered the 
programming of the deflator for 1997 (ECU 3.73 million for all the regions, a number of transfers 
between Funds (resulting in a net reduction of ECU 130 000 for the EAGGF and an increase of ECU 
3.86 million for the ERDF) and transfers among priorities leading to transfers to the 'infrastructure' 
and 'renovation of villages' priorities from those for 'economic diversification' and 'the protection of 
the environment.' The evaluation studies demonstrated that these transfers were justified by 
assistance from other instruments (aid schemes under Leader II and Rechar II and environmental 
measures under the Cohesion Fund) whose impact could not be foreseen at the time of programming. 
70 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
2. Community Initiatives 
Each of the Initiatives is implemented through one or more operational programmes at national level 
with the exception of leader II which is implemented through 17 regional global grants. 
By the end of 1997 all the items of assistance had been adopted apart from those for the transnational 
Community Initiative Interreg II C (the national OP for drought and the three small multiregional 
items on cooperation) and the second Urban programme. No reprogramming was approved in 1997. 
The only new programme adopted in 1997 was the Konver II Community Initiative, with planned 
expenditure of ECU 49.5 million, of which ECU 23.8 million will come from the ERDF. The initial 
programming made provision for some ten projects including a system for detecting forest fires and a 
maritime surveillance system (at San Fernando near Cadiz), the manufacture of wind power plants (at 
El Ferrol) and assistance for new small firms in the castings sector (at Trubia). 
In terms of human resources, some 1 319 projects under the Employment Initiative were selected from 
the second and final call for projects. Projects in the Youthstart strand concentrate on pathways to 
integration for young people, particularly those in run-down urban areas. Some 492 projects under the 
Adapt Community Initiative were selected from the second and final call for projects. There are many 
training activities, the most widely selected topics being adjustment to the information society, 
particularly in small firms, and improved training systems. 
The 105 local action groups (LAGs) under Leader II in the Objective 1 regions are implementing their 
rural innovation projects, which should improve programme implementation which was still weak at 
the end of 1997. 
The Regis Initiative concerns the Canary Islands, one of the most remote regions. Implementation is 
satisfactory. 
Implementation of the Pesca Initiative for fisheries is still weak but should improve following recent 
reprogramming. 
Financial implementation of the Community Initiatives 
The overall rate of implementation of the Community Initiatives is still too low, as it is in most other 
Member States. The backlogs are greatest in the Urban, Interreg II A Spain-Portugal and SMEs 
Community Initiatives. 
• Urban: some municipalities have experienced start-up difficulties but the projects are clearly 
defined. The main problems arise from accounting rules which prevent the municipalities from 
issuing calls for tenders if the funds are not available. The Spanish authorities consider that these 
backlogs may be made up in the coming months so that payments will reach a rate of 50% (27% 
at the end of 1997). 
• Interreg II A: the reprogramming exercise to approve new crossborder measures was approved 
late. This should improve the commitment rate. 
• SMEs: approved in 1996, this CD? was delayed by administrative changes in Spain. The Spanish 
authorities expect commitments to reach at least 66% by the end of 1998. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 71 
2.2.6. FRANCE 
1. The major achievements of the Funds bv Objective 
Measures to assist small businesses in France: 
The contribution of the Structural Funds to the development of small businesses under the 
regionalised Objectives is estimated at ECU 1.3 billion altogether, comprising 13% under Objective 1, 
about 55% under Objective 2 and 32% under Objective 5(b). 
Objective 1: In the region of Nord/Pas-de-Calais. for example, the ERDF has financed an EBIC 
(European Business and Innovation Centre) at the University of Valenciennes, to encourage contacts 
between universities and the small business sector, which often seem to be worlds apart. The centre, 
which is managed and run by a team of young women, provides a forum for meeting and sharing 
between business bosses, managers and university research workers in the tertiary sector scientific 
disciplines (industrial economics, tax and social security law, finance, human resource management, 
etc.). The centre organises numerous activities such as talks, visits to firms, in-service traineeships, 
training courses and international events, and for most of its services it can tap the resources of a 
regional, national and international network of universities, laboratories, business corporations, 
occupational federations, employers' organisations, technology transfer centres etc. The estimated 
cost of the operation from 1995 to 1999 is about ECU 400 000, with the ERDF contributing 
ECU 215 000. 
Objective 2: As the avowed main aim of all the SPDs is creating and safeguarding jobs in the 
relevant areas, they all include measures in favour of SMEs. For example, the "Pharma Pare" in the 
department of Eure in Upper Normandy, has been set up to remedy the region's deficiency in the 
pharmaceuticals packaging sector. This is a small (15 ha) business park, responding to demand from 
industrial entrepreneurs seeking premises on a modest scale with shared services. The facilities made 
available in the first stage were let within less than a year to five firms, and works are now getting 
under way on facilities for the installation projects being studied for the second stage. Jobs created so 
far total 120, with a further 130 expected over five years. The ERDF is contributing ECU 920 000 to 
this project, which will have a total volume of ECU 4.15 million. 
With the help of a project supported by the ERDF in Languedoc-Roussillon. a small firm in Ales, 
Richard Ducros, has transformed some 150 to 200 temporary jobs into permanent jobs. The firm 
carries out subcontracting work for the IBM factory in Montpellier, and specialises in sheet 
metalwork and steel engineering structures. When IBM transferred most of its production to the 
United States, Richard Ducros was forced to redefine its subcontracting policy. The project in 
question involved developing and introducing an EDI (electronic data interchange) system between 
Richard Ducros, IBM (its main client), and its own regional subcontractors in Ales and the Béziers 
area. The whole system, from the terminals in the workshop to the Internet transfer of plans and 
orders, was up and running in record time — about eight months — and the firm's operations are now 
almost wholly dependent on it. Thanks to this system, Richard Ducros is IBM's No 1 supplier 
worldwide for the goods in its product range. The EDI project is the result of exemplary cooperation 
between companies and regional technological resources. The total volume of the project is about 
ECU 540 000, including ECU 140 000 financed by the ERDF. 
Alongside the classic training schemes for workers from industries undergoing conversion, which 
continued to be set up during 1997, the ESF is pursuing its effort in the field of research. The measure 
to reinforce human potential for research, science and technology under the SPD for Poitou-
Charentes. on which ECU 265 000 was spent in 1997, was used to establish contact between the 
University of La Rochelle and businesses in a range of sectors (leading to over 110 person-to-person 
links). 
71 
72 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
One example of a human-resources project is the scheme for craft trades in the Languedoc-Roussillon 
SPD. Its aim is to help craftspeople and their spouses to get to grips with all aspects of business 
through personalised training in marketing, technology and management. 
Objectives 3 and 4: The importance given to small businesses is highlighted by both of these 
Objectives, especially in the SPD for Objective 4, where 73% of the projects involve firms with fewer 
than 250 employees. The measures include back-up for the preparation of applications; assistance 
with human resource analysis and auditing, and with developing appropriate strategies; consultancy 
on the engineering of training; employee training, including management training; development of 
cooperation between small businesses through partnership projects involving several firms. By way of 
example, there is a project under Objective 4 providing basic training for the 50 000 least-skilled 
workers in the food industry, established to respond to growing demand for better qualifications to 
cope with changes in technology (automation), economics (pressure of large supermarkets) and 
culture (new products, quality assurance). A multimedia distance-learning scheme has been set up, 
with alternate periods of self-training and group learning with a trainer. The purpose of the scheme is 
to enable trainees to acquire basic general knowledge, and to develop their analytical, logical-
reasoning and problem-solving skills. These are essential prerequisites for any course leading to a 
higher qualification, and for career development. 
Objective 5(b): Assistance for non-agricultural activities, and in particular for small firms, is a 
significant aspect of Objective 5(b) programmes. Awarding authorities for these projects are usually 
local authorities, syndicates of municipalities or chambers of commerce and industry. The measures 
owe much of their success not only to the favourable economic climate, which was a significant 
factor, but also to the quality of organisation by elected representatives in association with local 
government officers and socio-economic networks. Unfortunately, the areas eligible under Objective 
5(b) are not coterminous with those qualifying for the PAT (prime à l'aménagement du territoire -
regional development grant), which may hamper activities by limiting the amount of aid granted. 
Some successful projects have been situated well away from any industrial environment. For example, 
in Burgundy, the Objective 5(b) programme supported the transformation of a plastic components 
plant from a two-man firm in 1991 to an industrial enterprise employing fifteen people, and producing 
a wide variety of parts including precision parts for the car industry and the electronic sector. Worth 
mentioning in Aquitaine are measures to assist technology transfer in the areas of carpentry and 
electromagnetic shielding, and collective measures to boost the export function of SMEs in Lot-et-
Garonne or to suggest improvements on the basis of industrial competitiveness audits in Pyrénées 
Atlantiques. In the department of Aveyron in Midi-Pyrénées, the Objective 5(b) programme supported 
investment in equipment by an SME specialised in the manufacture of furniture units, with a good 
job-creation record and well integrated into the local economy, supplying three major corporate 
clients in the department, and using the services of numerous local transport operators. 
OBJECTIVE 1 
The four overseas regions (Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guiana and Réunion), Corsica and the 
districts of Douai, Valenciennes and Avesnes (French Hainaut) are eligible under Objective 1. 
Mid-term reviews of the programmes available in 1996, and in particular those relating to the SPDs 
for Corsica, French Guiana and Hainaut, discussed by the Monitoring Committees, led to proposals 
for changes to the programmes adopted by formal Commission decision in mid-1997. 
The SPD for Réunion was substantially reprogrammed to take account of completion dates for a 
major project, postponing the final date for payment by two years (to 31 December 2003). This 
project will improve the water supply (drinking water and irrigation) in the western part of the island. 
The Commission decision on reprogramming was taken in December. 
The initial results of the mid-term reviews of the SPDs for French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe 
and Hainaut were discussed by the Monitoring Committees in the course of 1997. Proposals for major 
reprogramming reached the Commission at the end of the year for the Guiana and Martinique SPDs, 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 73 
and in January 1998 for Hainaut; they take account of the Commission departments' remarks on 
delays in implementing the programmes. The Commission is expected to adopt a decision in the first 
half of 1998. 
In 1997, the Commission was unable to commit appropriations in the Community budget for that 
year's contribution to Objective 1 SPDs for Corsica, Martinique, Réunion and Hainaut, amounting to 
about ECU 190 million altogether, because the required statements of expenditure were not 
forthcoming. 
On the agricultural side, it was hoped that programmes in Martinique and French Guiana would gain 
momentum in 1997 after reprogramming at the end of 1996, but management problems arose, partly 
owing to red tape, but especially because it was not easy for project sponsors to find sources of 
financing to match the Community contribution. However, implementation is progressing 
satisfactorily in Guadeloupe and Réunion, and especially in Corsica, where the Objective 1 SPD 
includes a raft of socio-structural measures, which enables the programme to progress more 
automatically and thus more rapidly. 
Aid to the fishing industry for shipbu'lding has been blocked because France is yet to meet its targets 
in the framework of the MGP (multi-annual guidance programme). This has seriously affected the 
progress of programmes. In the overseas departments, only the tranches for 1994 have been 
committed. For Corsica, the most recent statement of expenditure dates back to 1995, which means 
that the take-up rate for payments is below 10%. 
OBJECTIVE 2 
In 1997 the Commission approved the new programmes for the nineteen regions eligible under 
Objective 2 for the period 1997-99, and a technical assistance programme. These programmes 
represent Community assistance of about ECU 2.2 billion altogether. The only programme which the 
Commission did not approve was the one relating to restructuring in the defence industry, since some 
of the measures proposed by the French authorities raised problems of eligibility. 
As it was not possible to complete all the programmes for the period 1994-96, the sum of ECU 208.6 
million was transferred to 1997-99; this corresponds to 13% of total financing for the first period. 
After a slow start, implementation of Objective 2 in France is now in line with the Community 
average in terms of both commitments and payments. 
OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 
In 1997, Objective 3 was reprogrammed in accordance with the new priorities of the French 
authorities. The importance of priority 3, the integration of people threatened with exclusion from the 
labour market, was considerably reinforced (an increase of 36%), to reflect the emphasis placed by 
the French authorities on combating exclusion. On the other hand, there was a 30% cut in the share of 
priority 1 (reintegration of jobseekers threatened with long-term unemployment). Some schemes were 
removed from the programme, either because they had not proved effective or because it was not 
feasible under the French system to comply with Community sound management rules (e.g. 
agreements on training leave). It is planned in 1998 to adopt new changes to the SPD, in the context 
of the programme for preventing and combating social exclusion. In terms of budget implementation, 
France is below the Community average for Objective 3 (about 45% of total assistance had been paid 
by the end of 1997). 
1997 saw a marked improvement in the budget implementation of Objective 4. Payments in the course 
of the year amounted to ECU 87.9 million, more than for the whole of the period 1994-96. However, 
the accumulated rate of budget implementation was still low by the end of 1997, at 28% of the 
financing available for the whole period 1994-99. The Monitoring Committee meeting of 20 
November took measures to boost the rate of implementation, to make up the ground lost when the 
73 
74 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
programme got off to a slow start in 1994 and 1995. They involved introducing a new configuration 
for technical assistance, to reinforce local support structures, support work by small firms on setting 
up projects, and generally stimulate the programme. It was also decided to support the new provisions 
on the organisation and reduction of working hours with new schemes on business consultancy and 
training. 
Measures still concentrate largely on the "training" priority. However, there has been some increase 
in the number of "anticipated needs" projects and "training systems" projects. After the strong 
concentration of projects in the industrial sector in the early years, there has now been more 
diversification towards the services sector. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 
The three main measures to improve the efficiency of production structures in France are aid for the 
modernisation of farms, start-up aid for new entrants and allowances to compensate for natural 
handicaps. In 1996, 8 300 farms qualified for investment aid for modernisation (number of approvals), 
down 10% on the year before, mainly owing to the crisis in the beef sector. The number of start-up 
dossiers for young farmers approved in 1996 was 9 030, a 7% increase on 1995. This increase 
confirms the surge in start-up aid observed in 1995, and reflects the importance given to this priority 
by the French authorities. Lastly, compensatory allowances were granted, as in the previous year, to 
some 130 000 holdings. 
The satisfactory rate achieved in 1996 for implementation of SPDs to assist the processing and 
marketing of agricultural and forestry products was maintained in 1997. By the end of 1997, the 
French authorities had committed ECU 172 million, in terms of approved projects, out of Community 
assistance for these measures totalling ECU 259 million for 1994-99. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) fisheries 
The 1996 tranche of the programme had been committed by the end of 1997. The 1994 tranche, 
however, had not yet been used up. Execution of payments stood at about 35% at the end of 1997 
(compared with a Community average of 41%). Although expenditure on measures for the fishing 
fleet contributes to reducing the fishing effort to achieve the aims of the MGP, there is still a reserve 
available that has not yet been spent. Expenditure on port facilities and aquaculture is still weak. 
OBJECTIVE 5(b) 
State of progress with programmes varies from one region to another, with more serious management 
problems occurring in areas that were not previously eligible, where there is no experience of the 
management of Community financing. The introduction of the national technical assistance 
programme at the beginning of 1997 should help to remedy this inequality between regions, 
encourage greater standardisation in programme management and make the managers' job easier 
through measures to provide training and the exchange and transfer of information and experience, 
and through the choice of efficient, compatible computer tools to enable the technical and financial 
aspects of the various SPDs to be monitored at national level. 
It is often difficult, with projects financed by the EAGGF, to establish operations of an economic 
nature, in particular in the food industry, because of the lack of project sponsors in the countryside. 
Some regions, however, in particular Burgundy, Limousin and Franche-Comté, have successfully 
introduced projects to exploit local woodland resources, both at the level of traditional initial 
processing and at that of alternative uses of timber, e.g. as an energy source. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 75 
2. Community Initiatives 
In 1997 the Commission took a number of decisions on the use of the reserve. In the framework of the 
Urban Initiative, the Commission approved five programmes for operations in depressed urban areas 
(Châlons-sur-Saône, Bastia, Clichy-Montfermeil, Mantes-la-Jolie and Saint-Etienne), accounting for 
total Community financing of ECU 24.7 million. Community assistance now involves thirteen 
depressed urban areas in France. Financing from the reserve was also granted to finance changes to 
the Konver and Retex OPs. The reserve relating to the Rechar II and Résider II OPs will be allocated 
in the course of 1998. As for Regis, there were still problems in getting it under way in 1997, and the 
programmes for the four overseas regions are to be amended in 1998. 
New human-resources projects selected under the Employment Initiative numbered 650. Over 50% of 
these projects include measures other than training, and aim at developing a multisectoral approach; 
about 80% of the projects concentrate on pathways into work. The second call for projects under the 
Adapt Initiative resulted in the selection of 430 projects. Small firms took an active part (on average 
over 100 small businesses for each project), which was one of the aims. The other feature of the 
projects was the importance of technological development, in particular related to the information 
society. Many projects were launched in this area, especially in Limousin, Ile de France and Corsica. 
In the area of rural development, partnership problems between the representatives of the LAG (local 
action group) and local government interfered with the smooth running of the programme in Corsica. 
However, projects are being completed, and experiences are being exchanged (seminar on edible 
chestnuts, and contact with a Finnish group). The Objective 5(b) regions have completed a 
preliminary selection of LAGs, with some reserving the right to issue a second call for projects. 
Programming has been rather slow so far, with unsatisfactory implementation. The slowness is partly 
due to the rather restrictive management arrangements introduced by the national and regional 
authorities, in particular for making Community finance available. It is worth mentioning in particular 
the serious delay in implementing the ESF strand of the programmes, since the operators concerned 
systematically prefer the use of Objective 5(b) SPDs for this type of operation. Steps have now been 
taken to simplify procedures and improve programming, to prevent local actors becoming 
understandably discouraged, after two years' hard work on preparing their projects. 
In the fisheries sector, the first advance payment on the single tranche has been paid, but no certificate 
of expenditure has yet been received by the Commission. A reprogramming exercise concentrating 
more on ERDF projects is under way. 
75 
76 ____ ^* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
2.2.7. IRELAND 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 
Measures to assist small businesses in Ireland 
The Funds' total contribution to the development of small firms under Objective 1 is estimated at 
ECU 975 million for the current 1994-99 period. 
Almost all Irish enterprises are SMEs. A large number of them are participating in both the various 
projects that make up the operational programmes under the Objective 1 CSF and in some Community 
Initiatives. 
For example, venture-capital and seed-capital funds, which were not available to SMEs on the private 
market, have been established under the Industry programme. The investments made by these funds 
allow SMEs to develop more quickly, while consolidating their balance sheets. The Industry 
programme has also introduced a new project on research, technology and innovation within an 
enterprise. It will enable SMEs to avail themselves of loans at subsidised rates of interest. 
Loans at reduced rates of interest are also available to small firms under the SMEs and Peace 
Community Initiatives. This facility has been a great success, and the reduced interest scheme 
continued in 1997 under the Peace programme. 
By way of example, the SME Initiative includes a measure specifically designed to facilitate access 
by such firms to public invitations to tender. The total cost of the operation is ECU 2.9 million, ECU 
2.1 million of which is funded by the ERDF. The operations involved include the establishment of a 
database of public sector clients, the recruitment of several specialists in public sector tendering and 
assistance for participating enterprises. Figures for the end of 1997 show that 227 enterprises were 
helped under the measure to participate in 62 invitations to tender. The trade flows generated amount 
to about ECU 3.8 million. 
OBJECTIVE 1 
All of Ireland is eligible for Objective 1. The CSF and the individual programmes underwent a mid­
term evaluation in 1997. As a result, the CSF Monitoring Committee decided to transfer a total of 
ECU 163 million between the programmes. Transfers were made in particular from the Industry OP to 
the Human Resources and Economic infrastructure (roads) OPs. The Monitoring Committee also 
suggested qualitative changes, such as opening up the near-monopoly enjoyed by government 
agencies to other bodies, the introduction of a more market-led approach and the launch of a study on 
the cost of road infrastructure. 
As well as better targeting of the Irish aid measures, the Monitoring Committee also stressed the need 
for better consistency with the Commission's priorities: additional amounts were allocated to R&TD; 
more account of the environment was taken by transferring to two particular measures (the control of 
farmyard pollution and the milk hygiene scheme) ECU 28.5 million from other measures under the 
same programme and other programmes. A further boost was given to equal opportunities through the 
provision for the first time of funding for child-care facilities. 
Some projects may lose Community funding in 1998 if significant progress is not made to ensure they 
are completed in time. Such projects include the National Conference Centre, the peat-fired power 
station, the 'waste to energy' project in Blanchardstown and the National Gallery. These projects 
account for ECU 211 million in Community funding, i.e. more than 9% of the remaining budget for 
the last two years of the programme (1998 and 1999). 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) __________________ 
Human resources operations continued in 1997 by improving the capacity of the educational and 
training systems to respond to changes in the labour market. The number of long-term unemployed 
fell continually during 1997. The mid-term evaluation carried out in 1997 concluded that the CSF has 
been a great success so far. The evaluation also concluded that the current balance between the Funds 
in the CSF is the best way of achieving the stated aims. One of the priorities highlighted by the 
evaluation, which will need additional assistance from the ESF, concerns early school leavers. A 
further ECU 20 million has been allocated to this target group. More generally, the mid-term 
evaluation identified the operations that need to be strengthened. The ESF must accordingly target 
programmes better towards the long-term unemployed (this topic must be discussed by the human 
resources coordinating committee in 1998); it must improve the way in which programmes for the 
most deprived are carried out and it must adopt a more market-led approach towards the supply of 
training and teaching. The Monitoring Committees will discuss all these topics at their meetings in 
1998. The ESF contribution to the Urban and local development OP (training measures) may be 
reduced, given the slackness of expenditure in the programme's first three years (due mainly to the 
delay in establishing the partnership at local level). A decision will be taken at the first meeting of the 
CSF Monitoring Committee in 1998. 
On the agricultural side, the mid-term evaluation has had repercussions for certain EAGGF-funded 
measures in two programmes. Proposals have been made to amend the compensatory allowances. 
ECU 28 million in unspent appropriations under the Food Industry Programme has been transferred to 
other measures (see above). Lastly, the evaluation recommended the introduction of a "rural 
resettlement pilot project". 
The fisheries programme is progressing satisfactorily. The 1996 instalment was paid in full, as well as 
80% of the 1997 instalment. The measures on reducing the fishing effort and on aquaculture are still 
behind schedule. 
2. Community Initiatives 
Like the Objective 1 CSF, the Community Initiatives underwent a mid-term evaluation. While 
significant reallocations of funding have not resulted from it, the evaluation has helped to improve 
programme targeting. The Interreg IIA programme between Ireland and Northern Ireland is especially 
interesting in this regard: the Monitoring Committee has adopted an action plan to improve 
management of the programme, to strengthen crossborder operations and to enhance publicity relating 
to the programme. No certificate of expenditure statement has as yet been received for fishery-related 
measures. 
1997 was the last year in which commitments were made for operations under the Retex Initiative. 
However, the Retex Monitoring Committee decided to extend the programme for one year, because of 
the difficulties encountered in committing all the ESF funding. 
As a result of the second call for projects under the Employment Community Initiative 126 human 
resources projects were selected. By way of example, the Now projects aim in particular to increase 
the participation rate of women in certain sectors, to integrate marginalised women in society and to 
reconcile working and family life. The Youthstart projects bring together the various administrative 
services and non-profit organisations to encourage the social integration of unqualified teenagers for 
whom social exclusion is otherwise a possibility. In the case of the Adapt Initiative, 35 projects were 
selected covering areas such as skills improvements in crafts industries, the development of 
information systems, products and quality systems in SMEs. Other projects include improvements to 
training schemes, job creation in small and micro-enterprises and the development of practical 
systems to transfer technology from research institutes to SMEs. This second series of Adapt projects 
will focus especially on the information society. 
The mid-term evaluation of the Leader II programme resulted in a number of minor changes. The 
local action groups received additional funding from the distribution of the reserve (ECU 15.5 million 
for Ireland). 
78 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
Operations continued under the Peace Initiative, but at a slower pace than expected. An extra 
ECU 100 million was allocated to the programme for 1998. The mid-term evaluation did not 
recommend any significant changes to the programme, but it did ask the competent authorities and 
those carrying out the operations to justify their applications for additional funding for 1998 and 
1999. 
9h Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
2.2.8. ITALY 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 
Measures to assist small businesses in Italy: 
The Funds' contribution to the development of SMEs under the regionalised Objectives is estimated 
at around ECU 4.7 billion for the current period. Of that amount, 88% is intended for Objective 1 
regions, around 7.5% for Objective 2 and 4.5% for Objective 5(b) areas. 
Objective 1: The Objective 1 CSF allocates 21% of total funds to part-finance an Italian aid scheme 
for the Mezzogiomo under Law 488/92. The scheme gives priority to the financing of four sectors of 
activity: industry, the environment, R&TD and transport. Assistance to industry and R&TD in 
particular has been highly successful among small firms in southern Italy. 
Other operations targeting SMEs more specifically are also worth mentioning. In Caserta in 
Campania, for example, the ERDF is part-financing a joint infrastructure project comprising a 
multipurpose centre for the jewellery industry ("Tari": Community contribution of ECU 14 million 
towards a total cost of ECU 28 million). Launched in 1990 on the initiative of small and medium-
sized jewellers and goldsmiths in Naples, the centre provides premises close to Naples to rehouse the 
whole jewellery trade, located for centuries in the city centre, which is now too cramped. Unique in 
Italy, the Tan project brings together workshops, permanent showrooms of for member firms and 
rooms for temporary exhibitions, with facilities for exhibitors from elsewhere. There are also 
wholesale marketing distribution facilities and workshops for occupational training and research work 
utilising the latest technology. Tari is thus becoming one of the most up-to-date centres in the 
Community and is a focal point for the Italian jewellery industry, a leader on the world market. The 
centre is among the largest private-sector investment projects in the Mezzogiomo in recent years. In 
terms of jobs created, the sector employed 1 447 workers in 1996 compared to 497 in 1982. 
In Sicily's agricultural sector, 33 small and medium-sized agri-food enterprises producing various 
products like citrus fruit, honey, milk, olive oil (particularly organic) and table olives have been 
selected and financed. Work has been completed in 10 enterprises. Once all the investments have 
been completed, at least 400 jobs will have been made stable and 90 new posts created. 
Objective 2: On the banks of Lake Maggiore in Piedmont, the ERDF has part-financed the Piedmont 
technology park (ECU 11.6 million from the ERDF out of a total cost of ECU 35.9 million). The 
"Tecnoparco" is the first of its kind in northern Italy, providing research and experimentation 
laboratories (metrological trials, new materials, new industrial processes, etc.) in addition to common 
services for the 15 or so enterprises established there. SMEs wishing to set up must propose an 
innovative project with strong development potential. Once accepted, they conclude partnership 
contracts with the host body for a minimum of five years. Under such contracts, they benefit in 
particular from transfers of technology with enterprises on the spot and outside, for example, by 
helping them to participate in Community programmes. Currently, the emphasis is on two areas, 
components for home systems and automation in general, and biotechnology applications in 
horticulture and ecology. Thus the firm Thermoselect Engineering is developing new processes for 
the incineration of solid urban waste and is about to market components for scrubbing synthetic gas 
produced by gasification of waste. The gas will be used for energy and heat production. Tecnoparco's 
success has led to plans for a second phase of building to double the area available for SMEs. To date, 
Tecnoparco has led to the creation of around 1 800 jobs in the region, of which 190 were created 
within the park itself. -
9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 80 
OBJECTIVE 1 
Around 30 operations funded under the period 1989-93 were concluded in 1997. In addition, six new 
OPs and two global grants were approved. , 
As regards implementation of the CSF, 1997 saw the application of closer monitoring and the 
preparation of the mid-term evaluation, with the findings coming out in early 1998. 
Monitoring work focused in particular on progress in procedures and the defining of estimates for 
commitments and payments per measure for each form of assistance adopted. The monitoring placed a 
heavy workload on the joint working groups (Cornmission/national authorities), which met frequently 
in the course of the year. The monitoring arrangements proved exceptionally difficult to implement. 
From the financial viewpoint, at the end of 1997 decisions were still pending on Community 
resources of around ECU 734 million (ECU 680 million from the ERDF and ECU 54 million from the 
EAGGF). Despite these difficulties, implementation of the CSF gathered momentum in 1997, in 
particular in the last quarter. By the end of 1997, expenditure actually incurred amounted to 38%, 
which was the target agreed in the course of the year by the Italian Government and the Commission. 
This overall level of implementation disguises wide disparities from one Fund and form of assistance 
to another. 
The findings of the mid-term assessment led to a major reallocation of financing between programmes 
early in 1998, with a CSF Monitoring Committee decision to reprogramme about ECU 698 million 
away from the regions and programmes that had not used their financing efficiently, towards other 
regions and programmes where appropriations had been implemented more satisfactorily. 
In the field of human resources, implementation was satisfactory. Measures covered the training of 
young people and training through further education. Good results were also achieved in strategic 
sectors (industry, the environment and tourism). 
In agriculture, the Commission approved a new multiregional programme providing support for the 
establishment of fruit and vegetable producer organisations and their activities (ECU 4.1 million from 
the EAGGF towards a total of ECU 8.2 million). 
Under the programme of services for the commercial upgrading of agricultural products from 
southern Italy, which seeks to bring supply more closely into line with market requirements, the 
Ministry selected 14 organisations out of those putting forward the 30 proposals received. The actual 
work is to begin sometime in 1998. 
At regional level, a major effort was made in the selection and financing of investments projects 
relating to the processing and marketing of agricultural products. In Abruzzi, 22 projects were 
financed at a total cost of around ECU 28 million. In Campania, 15 projects were funded at a total 
cost of around ECU 23 million. In Sardinia, to strengthen the sheep and goat industry, 34 small-scale 
cheese dairies were granted funds to bring them into line with the health rules laid down in Directive 
92/46/EEC. Good progress was recorded in Campania on the implementation of assistance for farm 
tourism and investments in agricultural holdings. All the regions concerned have committed the 
EAGGF assistance for 1997, and in five of these (Sicily, Apulia, Molise, Basilicata and Calabria), 
progress made enabled the first advance to be paid too. 
In the fisheries sector, 1997 was a year of crisis in Italy (falling catches, rising costs and imports), and 
this is reflected in the poor rate of implementation of the programme. Reprogramming allowed, the 
1996 tranche to be paid out in full; the 1997 tranche was committed and the first advance paid. 
Nevertheless, unless there is considerable acceleration in implementation, some of the programme's 
funds could be withdrawn. A measure to compensate fishermen who voluntarily abandon the use of 
drift nets was introduced. 
• 
• 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 81 
OBJECTIVE 2 
In 1997, 11 new programmes were adopted for the period 1997-99 with a total Community 
contribution of ECU 798 million, on top of the ECU 170 million transferred from the previous period. 
There is no change in the eligible areas, with the exception of small extensions to those in Emilia-
Romagna and Lombardy, or in the strategies or objectives laid down in the SPDs. In line with the 
Commission's guidelines for Objective 2, however, special stress was laid on certain activities, like: 
• aid to SMEs as regards access to new technologies; 
local development, by developing the territorial pacts and other "integrated projects" based on 
extended local partnership in industry and tourism; 
the environment, with special emphasis on monitoring systems, environmental infrastructures and 
investments in clean technology; 
• human resources, with priority for equal treatment of men and women. 
Almost everywhere, implementation of the new programmes started immediately after they were 
adopted. However, seven programmes were adopted in July and two (Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Lazio) 
in December, which delayed the launch phase. 
There was no change in the guidelines concerning human resources either. Closer attention was paid 
to the development of human resources and skills. The strategic objectives, however, were defined 
more precisely. Special attention was paid, in accordance with the Commission's guidelines, to 
integrated approaches creating new jobs. Most SPDs made provision for aid for employment. 
OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 
Under Objective 3, there was some diversification in measures, target groups and procedures. 
Nevertheless, there is still room for improved coordination between the bodies responsible for 
education and those in charge of training. Participation by SMEs and non-profit bodies increased. 
Local development was made a priority in 1997, with the aim of achieving closer consistency between 
national and EU policies. The mid-term review was carried out and completed in 1997. In order to 
comply fully with national priorities (a new law on employment was adopted in June 1997), resources 
were transferred to measures to assist young people, equal treatment for mean and women and 
socially excluded groups. 
After a slow start, 1997 saw a distinct acceleration in implementation for Objective 4 (33% of the 
assistance was paid out by 31 December 1997 compared with just 12% at the end of 1996). 
Nevertheless, this improvement is still not sufficient to make up for the time lost. As far as the 
mobilisation of private funding is concerned, the contribution laid down in the SPDs was largely 
forthcoming though there was a wide discrepancy in implementation of the various priorities. 
Utilisation of the "anticipation" and "technical assistance" priorities, for instance, fell behind 
schedule significantly. Action is being taken to restore the balance. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) - agriculture 
The main aid measures for production structures went to less-favoured areas (42%), aid for 
investments in agricultural holdings (31%) and assistance to help young farmers to set up. All the 
regional programmes covering the processing and marketing of agricultural products were adopted in 
1996. In the course of 1997, a multiregional programme was adopted. Progress in implementation 
varies widely from one programme to another, but overall payments for agriculture under 
Objective 5(a) are still low (31%). Nonetheless, the improvement over 1996 is substantial (12% of 
payments actually made). 
9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 82 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) - fisheries 
At the end of 1997, only 19% of payments had actually been made, for the reasons spelled out above 
in respect of Objective 1. Reprogramming enabled the 1996 instalment to be paid out entirely and the 
first advance to be paid for 1997. 
OBJECTIVE 5(b) 
The mid-term evaluation largely confirmed the validity of the strategies followed. However, the 
findings did reveal some special features of Objective 5(b) in Italy which explain the slow pace of 
implementation of the programmes, i.e.: 
• the fact that the procedures for the implementation of the Objective 5(b) programmes were 
separate from the standard regional programming; 
• the predominance of aid schemes comprising a large number of very small-scale projects; 
• the complicated national rules to be followed for projects and in particular the lengthy duration 
and complexity of the invitations. 
Increasing attention has been paid to measures to support employment. The Tuscany Region 
programme, for example, incorporated new measures to foster employment (aid for recruitment, for 
setting up businesses, etc.). Around 3% of funds for measures relating to human resources are spent 
on employment aid, the remainder going on basic tertiary-level training and continuing education. 
An earthquake struck the rural areas of the Marche and Umbria regions in 1997. The Objective 5(b) 
programmes, were adjusted to help those regions cope with the emergency, and the change went into 
effect at the end of 1997. 
2. Community Initiatives 
In 1997, the Commission approved four new Community Initiative programmes: 
• Interreg II Italy-Greece: crossborder cooperation between Epirus, the Ionian Islands and Western 
Greece and the two provinces of the Apulia Region. The total cost of the programme is 
ECU 304.8 million, including ECU 169.2 million from the Structural Funds. The priority 
assistance areas cover improvements to transport infrastructure (ports) and telecommunications, 
the promotion of economic activities, the environment (network for management of maritime 
waters and measures to combat water pollution) and tourism (restoration of the cultural and 
historical heritage and cooperation between tourist enterprises). 
Interreg II Italy-Austria: certain areas in the Italian Regions of Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia and 
Bolzano and the Austrian Lander of Carinthia, Salzburg and Tyrol are eligible. The total cost of 
the programme is ECU 27.4 million, including ECU 11.8 million from the Structural Funds. The 
programme includes measures to enhance the historical and cultural heritage, protect the 
environment and develop tourist resources, and assistance for SMEs and training. 
Interreg II Italy-Slovenia. The provinces of Udine, Gorizia, Trieste and Venice are covered by this 
programme, the total cost of which is ECU 31.3 million (ECU 15.6 million from the Structural 
Funds). Work concerns the protection of the environment, institutional and cultural cooperation, 
improved communications and cooperation between SMEs. The programme forms the 
complement to the Phare-CBC programme for Slovenia. 
Interreg IIC on combating drought. This programme covers all Objective 1 regions. The total cost 
is ECU 30.4 million, including ECU 15.2 million from the ERDF. The areas of intervention cover 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 83 
the improvement of the network for managing the water balance for the Objective 1 regions and 
reducing water shortages in certain areas of Sardinia and Sicily. 
On top of these new programmes, in 1997 the Commission decided to extend the scope of Urban, a 
programme approved in 1996, to three new cities, Trieste, Lecce and Catanzaro. As a result, the 
programme now covers 16 municipalities, i.e. Rome, Genoa, Venice and Trieste (non-Objective 1), 
Naples, Salerno, Palermo, Catania, Syracuse, Reggio Calabria, Cosenza, Bari, Foggia, Lecce, 
Catanzaro and Cagliari (Objective 1). The total cost of the revised programme is ECU 337.5 million, 
with the Community contribution rising to ECU 136 million, of which ECU 118 million comes from-
the ERDF and ECU 18 million from the ESF. Under that programme, each city administers its own 
subprogramme. 
In 1997 the Commission also decided on the allocation of the reserve and of the resources made 
available through indexation for the Rechar II (Sardinia and Tuscany), Retex - Objective 1, Résider H, 
Konver and SME programmes. Changes were also made to the content of the programmes and 
financing plans for Interreg IIA Italy-Albania and Italy-France (Alps) in order to bring the 
programming details more closely into line with work achieved on the ground and with the estimates 
for resources needed. 
As regards human resources, in response to the second call for projects for 1997-99, 833 projects 
were selected for the Employment Initiative. Generally, the emphasis was laid on training, with 
special attention being paid to the development of adapted training systems, vocational guidance and 
employment. The economic sectors most concerned are local labour markets, culture and tourism, the 
environment and new information technologies. Under the Adapt Initiative, 401 projects were 
selected for the period 1997-99. Stress was laid on anticipatory measures, promotion, and the 
networking of new employment opportunities. The sectors most concerned are graphic arts, 
publishing, the socio-economic sector and tourism. Projects also involve the food industry, banking, 
commerce and transport. The Adapt-BIS theme (Building the Information Society) is present 
throughout the various sectors. Following the last selection, all regions doubled or tripled the number 
of projects financed under this Community Initiative. 
Under the Leader II Initiative, almost all regions completed their selection of local action groups. 
Most of them have already received their first advance, so they can start the activities programmed. 
Having completed this first phase more quickly, the regions of Sardinia and Calabria have had their 
financing plans bolstered by the allocation of the funds made available through the indexation for 
1997 and of the reserve. In the 13 Objective 5(b) areas of Italy, local people worked hard to set up 
local partnerships. The selection of the 65 local action groups proved a complex task, much effort 
being made to achieve a satisfactory territorial concentration. In the Lazio Region, the procedure had 
not been completed at the end of 1997. 
In the fisheries sector, no certificate of expenditure has been received to date for the Pesca Initiative. 
Only the first advance on the 1995 instalment has been paid. The switchover to a system involving a 
single instalment is under way; it should allow bigger sums to be paid immediately. 
84 9th Annual Report on the Structural Funds (1997) 
2.2.9. LUXEMBOURG 
1. The main achievements of the Funds by Objective 
Measures to assist small businesses in Luxembourg: 
The Funds are contributing an estimated ECU 6.5 million to the development of small firms under the 
regionally based Objectives in the period 1994-99. 85% of this contribution relates to Objective 2 and 
the remaining 15% to Objective 5(b). 
Objective 2: by way of example, a former slag pit has been turned into a serviced industrial zone 
(PAFEWE) that seeks to attract activities not directly linked to the steel industry (which the Objective 
2 area used to depend on), such as raw materials processing, recycling, manufacturing or craft 
enterprises. 
The ZARE project aims to broaden the supply of equipped sites to enterprises other than those 
directly targeted by the Ministry for the Economy under the Economic Diversification Act. Measures 
are being taken to develop and revitalise industrial, crafts-based or commercial enterprises that wish 
to set up or develop in the region. 
The mid-term evaluation notes that the site was very quickly occupied and also that the fitting out of 
the PAFEWE and ZARE sites created around 370 new jobs (gross). 
OBJECTIVE 2 
The operations decided upon before the closure of the 1994-96 programme period are progressing 
satisfactorily. ECU 1.77 million has been transferred to the new period 1997-99. The mid-term 
evaluation highlighted the success achieved by developing new activity areas (the ZARE and 
PAFEWE sites). 
The new programming period 1997-99 will continue the efforts made towards industrial 
diversification. While the operations are a logical follow-on from what was done in the past, measures 
to promote the quality of the environment will receive special attention. 
OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 
ESF assistance accounts for less than 2% of the public expenditure in 1997 on labour market policies. 
About 50% of Objective 3 funding is directed towards integrating the socially excluded, in particular 
the handicapped. The ESF has enabled a jobseeker placement service to be established that brings 
together the tasks of jobsearching, needs analysis, additional training, work- placement itself and the 
follow-up within a firm of those newly placed. The ESF also support the efforts of several 
organisations training workers, in particular the Chambre des métiers, which allows it to have an 
overview of all vocational training. 
The labour market in Luxembourg is a special case, which explains why the ESF does not concentrate 
primarily on reducing the macroeconomic level of unemployment (3.7%). The labour market is very 
open and the employment catchment area extends well beyond the borders of the State. Nearly 30% of 
employees are from across the border, which means that companies' training needs are being exported 
as is, at times of economic crisis, unemployment. This does not prevent the ESF from stimulating new 
approaches to the encouragement of jobseekers, to vocational training or to guidance for young people 
as they prepare for working life. 
9th Annual Report on the Structural Funds (1997) 85 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 
The main structural aids for farm holdings concern the least-favoured areas (51%), farm investment 
aid (24%) and the installation of young farmers (24%). When the SPD to improve the processing and 
marketing of agricultural products was approved in 1994, Luxembourg asked that it should cover only 
one sector: wine and alcohol. In 1996 the national authorities sought the inclusion of two new sectors: 
fruit and vegetables and potatoes. The additional funding required was got by transferring 
appropriations from the measure to improve the efficiency of agricultural structures. 
The Community contributed ECU 200 000 to four investments approved in 1997. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) fisheries 
The only programme beneficiary was unable to overcome the technical difficulties that have beset 
him for the last 18 months or so. Investment has remained very cautious as a result and mainly relates 
to maintaining the existing rearing unit. 
OBJECTIVE 5(b) 
Following the delayed start to the programme, the holding of a second Committee meeting in mid-
1997 did indicate a real desire to start the monitoring exercise in earnest. Some EAGGF measures 
relating to the planning of the future Our national park, environmental protection, the preservation of 
the countryside and the creation of on-farm holiday homes have not been taken up by those who 
actually carry the projects out. 
The mid-term evaluation carried out in 1997 advocates abandoning certain measures that cannot be 
implemented in the reference period (the Alsdorf telecentre, the Martelange slate works) and 
increasing funding for the rural heritage measures. A reprogramming of the financial plan was 
decided by the Monitoring Committee and a carryover of the unused appropriations for the 1997, 
1998 and 1999 instalments was approved by the Commission on 10 November 1997. 
2. The Community Initiatives 
1997 saw the approval of the Résider II and Konver Community Initiatives for the areas undergoing 
conversion. The Urban Initiative slowed down because of administrative difficulties in getting 
authorisation to renovate blighted areas. The Interreg II programme is progressing satisfactorily. 
As regards human resources, the Employment and Adapt Community Initiatives progressed well in 
1997. They fund three and two projects respectively. One of the Adapt projects involves training and 
advice for enterprises, the other is setting up a database containing information on the continuing 
training options available to workers. As part of the Integra strand of the Employment Initiative, the 
Commission has approved a pilot project under Article 6 of the ESF Regulation. 
The Leader II programme, approved in 1995, is based on a strategy of innovation and transferability. 
Despite some institutional and administrative difficulties, the programme is advancing well. Those 
involved have formed two local action groups (Clervaux-Vianden and Redange-Wiltz). The 
Monitoring Cornrnittee has approved changes to two measures "innovative SME investments" and 
"promoting teleworking in rural areas" to highlight the fact that they are pilot projects. 
86 __________ 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
2.2.10. NETHERLANDS 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 
Measures to assist small businesses in the Netherlands 
The total contribution of the Funds to the development of small firms under the regionalised 
Objectives in 1994-99 amounts to some ECU 418.6 million, 9% for Objective 1, about 80% for 
Objective 2 and 11% for Objective 5(b). 
Objective 1: The KIM project is intended to help small firms take on young graduates or highly 
qualified workers who will facilitate their adoption of new technologies. The aid, which may amount 
to up to ECU 15 000 per firm, lasts for one year. Of the 30 new recruitments aimed at, nine have so 
far taken place. The projects proposed by the small firms must be clear and approved in advance in 
order to avoid firms simply making use of cheap labour. The project is coordinated by the Flevoland 
BIC. 
Objective 2: In Arnhem-Nijmegen the ERDF and the ESF are providing half the total cost of ECU 1 
million of a project to promote the logistics of transport and distribution firms (Stimulering logistiek 
verladerssector). This project, managed by two private bodies, has the twin aims of persuading firms 
of the importance of training as a means of ensuring growth and enabling the unemployed to find 
work in the industry. Hence the firm DEPA Disposables was advised on ways of increasing useful 
working time, reducing stocks and increasing profits. Merely using a new type of palette saved time 
spent on loading and unloading. At the same time, training was provided in new techniques in the 
sector. So far some 280 workers in 20 firms have received specialist training and the project has 
created 94 jobs. 
The plan to help small firms in the Twente area is a good example of a project responding to demand 
from firms. It formed part of the SPD for 1994-96 and has been continued. Its aim is to promote 
innovation in small firms which are "trailing behind" (not having reached the point of being able to 
innovate). There are three ty *_s of measure: finance for the use of outside experts or advice (up to 
ECU 11 400 per firm), loans ip to ECU 114 000 per year) and support for investment in innovation 
(up to ECU 45 600 per year). 
Objective 5(b): In Friesland 60% of investment under the programme goes to encouraging small 
firms through projects such as the large industrial park at Drachten and Heereveen, industrial land 
linked to water sports and so on. 
OBJECTIVE 1 
Flevoland is eligible under Objective 1. On 24 July the Commission approved the first amendments to 
the financing plan for the SPD. A second meeting of the Monitoring Committee, on 17 December, 
approved the reorientation of the programme proposed in the conclusions of the mid-term evaluation 
and the changes made to the financing plan. This second amendment should be approved by the 
Commission in 1998. 
The reorientations concern the job employment scheme which received a further ECU 6.9 million and 
the industrial and commercial areas measure whose main project (the industrial area in the port of 
Almere) cannot be completed on schedule and so will have its total budget cut by ECU 100.5 million. 
Other minor changes include integration of the environmental innovation in small firms measure into 
the R&TD measure to provide a broader approach to integration within small firms. 
The main alteration affecting the ESF is the establishment of a budget of ECU 5 million for the 
employment measure. Another amendment reduced the minimum number of participants in ESF 
measures to raise the rate of participation by small firms. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 87 
In the EAGGF Guidance Section, the grouping of measures, the reallocation of finance and a change 
in the rate of part-financing were proposed to speed up implementation of certain measures. 
In the areas dependent on fisheries, assistance from the other funds was provided to support 
diversification. 
OBJECTIVE 2 
All the SPDs adopted for 1997-99 retained the priorities of the previous programming period (1994-
96) although some rebalancing was carried out to provide extra resources for certain priorities. 
Special attention was paid to the local employment initiatives, infrastructure for R&TD, the transfer 
of technologies to small firms and measures concerning transport. 
In Twente, a project based on the Flevoland job employment scheme was proposed; 45% of its cost 
will be met by the ERDF. This project would cover the four main towns in the region (Enschede, 
Almelo, Hengelo and Oldenzaal) and provide financial aid for each job created in these towns by 
firms from outside the region. It should create 980 new jobs. 
Progress of the projects for 1994-96 did not enable them all to be closed and a total of ECU 80.1 
million was transferred to the new period. In Groningen-Drenthe a project was halted because of lack 
of demand (training institute), completion of a second (science park) is uncertain and four others have 
not yet spent any money. 
Overall implementation of the appropriations for Objective 2 in the Netherlands is well below the 
Community average. 
OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 
The programme for Objective 3 was implemented as planned in 1997 and about 85% of its budget 
spent. The remaining resources will have to be transferred to future years for which a proposal for 
discussion at the next meeting of the Monitoring Committee must be prepared. During the year, a new 
approach to checking ESF projects was implemented for Objective 3. Under it, all checks are 
centralised and monitored by the audit unit of the central agency for employment. 
In 1997 the Objective 4 programme became fully operational. The Commission approved the 
amendment to the SPD under which a large part of the budget for 1994 and the funds remaining from 
1995 were transferred to 1997 and 1998. All the available appropriations for 1997, including the 
transfer, were committed. Overall, implementation of appropriations for Objective 4 in the 
Netherlands is higher than the Community average. 
While there was considerable under-implementation in 1994, 1995 and 1996, applications for 
payment in 1997 exceeded the resources available. Most of the projects in the Netherlands concern 
groups of firms in a particular sector and applications for finance for projects under Objective 4 
involve increasingly large amounts. This makes it important to refine the project-selection procedure 
to ensure that those financed are of good quality. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 
During the year, estimated expenditure on measures to improve the efficiency of agricultural 
structures was revised downwards, mainly because of the wait-and-see attitude of Dutch farmers 
caused by the movement of farm incomes. A further reason is that the Dutch consider their projects to 
be ineligible under the measures. In 1997 new projects were introduced to increase ability to compete 
and sell and in the horticultural sector. The rate of implementation of the SPD on improving the 
conditions for the processing and marketing of agricultural products was better than in 1996. The SPD 
was amended during the year: the rates of assistance of the EAGGF and national finance were 
increased and a new forestry sector was added. 
88 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) fisheries 
Implementation of the programme continued to be slow. The measures for port facilities for fisheries 
and processing and marketing were behind schedule. The mid-term review began in 1997 and its 
results will be available during 1998. 
OBJECTIVE 5(b) 
Implementation of the Objective 5(b) programmes in the Netherlands was satisfactory although 
slightly below the Community average in terms of commitments and payments. 
Four provinces (Friesland, Groningen-Drenthe, Overijssel and Limburg) concentrated on the 
establishment of new firms, tourism and the development of the countryside while Zeeland paid more 
attention to agricultural diversification. 
The results of the mid-term evaluation carried out during the year suggested some amendments 
concerning transfers between priorities or measures, the carryover of unused appropriations and the 
allocation of the additional resources made available through indexation. Two amending decisions 
(for Limburg and Zeeland) were adopted during 1997. 
The environmental aspect is an important component of measures in the Netherlands. For example, 
Groningen-Drenthe devotes 12% of its funds to the protection of the environment, forests and the 
countryside as part of projects to improve water quality, lay out a nature park and relocate some 
agricultural holdings. 
2. Community Initiatives 
The Netherlands is concerned by all the Community Initiatives apart from Rechar II and Regis II. 
In general, implementation of the industrial conversion Initiatives (Retex, Résider II and Konver) is 
proceeding as planned. During the year 16 new projects under Retex were approved and began to 
operate at the beginning of 1998. In December the Commission approved extension of the Résider II 
programme until the end of 1999. This programme will improve cooperation among the public, semi-
public and private partners in the region concerned. Some 43 new projects under Konver were 
approved in 1997. Implementation is continuing as planned, with the exception of training measures. 
To resolve this problem, the eligibility of the SMEs taking part was extended to cover firms outside 
the defence sector. 
Two programmes under Urban were adopted in 1997: Utrecht, where the ERDF will contribute ECU 
6.5 million towards a total cost of ECU 26 million, and Rotterdam, where the ERDF will again 
contribute ECU 6.5 million, this time towards a total cost of ECU 23.5 million. The priorities in 
Rotterdam focus on support for local small firms and the attractiveness of the area. In 1997, two 
projects were approved under Urban in Amsterdam, which had been adopted in 1995, one for the ESF 
and the other for the ERDF. In 1998 there will be an interim evaluation to consider how the general 
implementation of Urban can be improved. 
Two programmes under the Interreg II C Initiative (combating flooding) were adopted in 1997, one 
for the Rhine-Meuse (IRMA) and one for the North Sea. The ERDF is contributing ECU 137.1 
million to the first and ECU 14.5 million to the second. The Rhine-Meuse programme was established 
jointly by six countries (Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, Luxembourg and Switzerland) as a 
result of the serious flooding in 1995. The programme is managed by a joint secretariat based in the 
Netherlands, a financial body based in Germany, a Monitoring Committee and a steering committee. 
There are also national advisory groups to ensure that regional and local authorities are involved. The 
three priorities for the IRMA programme are measures concerning the catchment areas of the two 
rivers, measures concerning the main course of each river and improved transnational cooperation. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 89 
The financial implementation of Leader II for rural development is proceeding as planned. As a result 
of the mid-term evaluation, improvements will be made to the management and monitoring of the 
programme and the selection of projects by the LAGs. The Commission officially approved the Dutch 
national network for Leader II on 2 April 1997. The network, which is headed by Friesland, should 
promote the exchange of experiences, mutual cooperation, the organisation of visits and thematic 
studies. 
Under the Employment Initiative 92 projects for human resources were selected, including two for 
Objective 1 (Flevoland). 132 projects under Adapt were selected, in most of which the use of 
information and communication technologies is a major component. However, the projects selected 
did not absorb all the funds available, which was why the transfer of ECU 2 million to Employment 
was proposed. 
90 9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
2.2.11. AUSTRIA 
1. The major achievements of the Fund by Objective 
Following the accession of Austria in 1995 and the adoption of the programmes in that year, 1997 was 
the second full year of the implementation of assistance there. 
Measures to assist small businesses in Austria 
The total contribution of the Funds to the development of small firms is about ECU 89.3 million, 58% 
for Objective 2 and 42% for Objective 5(b) (the figure for Objective 1 is not available). 
Objectives 2 and 5(b): In Lower Austria, the Wiener Neustadt regional innovation centre manages a 
network of services for new local firms, offering direct assistance and advice and contacts with 
universities, institutes of technology and potential partners in the other Member States. The network 
has links with the Commission's BC-Net and all the Euro-info Centres. 
Objective 2: A network of business parks ("thrust centres") has been established in Styria comprising 
five parks located near industrial areas. They provide the technical infrastructure required and 
facilities designed for new firms. They are connected through the Internet to the coordinating 
association which manages communications with the economic centres of Vienna and Graz. 
In Vorarlberg. a public-private partnership is the basis for the Ôkoprofit scheme to encourage better 
use of resources and reduce the pollution created by new investments. The project both cuts pollution 
and helps small firms reduce their costs. 
OBJECTIVE 1 
Only Burgenland is eligible under Objective 1. In general, the pace of implementation of measures in 
1997 was satisfactory. Most investment projects for industry, infrastructure for firms and tourism 
were carried out. The development of know-how and training measures should speed up in 1998 and 
1999. Some 1 100 new jobs had been created by the end of 1997, well below the target of 7 300. It 
was therefore decided to lower the target to a more realistic level. 
To improve infrastructure in rural areas and extend the network of country roads, the EAGGF 
Guidance Section part-financed the construction of heating centres burning organic substances 
(biomass), which helps reduce C02 and improve protection of the environment. 
The mid-term evaluation confirmed the strategy followed in the programme but a working party to 
improve support for the establishment of firms in central and southern Burgenland was set up. On the 
basis of the existing measures in the SPD, it will propose integrated measures under the ERDF, the 
EAGGF and the ESF for small firms, those establishing firms and the unemployed. 
OBJECTIVE 2 
Implementation of the four programmes was satisfactory. Austria opted for programming in a single 
period, 1995-99. About 2 070 jobs were created in the Objective 2 areas as compared with a forecast 
of 3 940. 
As a result of the mid-term evaluation, the Monitoring Committees decided to make some 
amendments, including transfers between measures. The programme strategy remained the same but 
the quantified goals should be more ambitious. The evaluation also recommended simplifying the 
national part-financing procedures for measures for firms and improved monitoring. Differences in 
implementation between the measures should also be rectified: measures for productive investment 
and direct aid to firms are progressing better than those for tourism and R&TD. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 
Some 88 500 people (measures relating to skills and employment aid: 36 300; advisory structures and 
monitoring: 52 200) benefited from training measures under the Objective 3 SPD. The main priority 
(50% of beneficiaries) was to promote the integration of the long-term unemployed. Most of those 
concerned were aged between 25 and 45; they accounted for 46% of all assistance. In general, over 
half the beneficiaries were women. 
The SPD was amended in 1997, partly because the Monitoring Committee was committed to 
increasing help for young people. The mid-term evaluation report showed that 80% of the resources 
used had gone to skills projects, 10% to employment aids and the rest to structures for advice and 
monitoring. Six months after the end of their training period, some 50% of those attending had found 
a job. 
During the second half of 1997, the national regulation on implementation of the Objective 4 
programme was revised so that assistance could be more closely targeted on employees of small firms 
facing industrial change. Strict conditions were laid down governing participation by large firms: 
additionality, innovation, cooperation with small firms, job rotation, the promotion of equal 
opportunities and the advancement of less-qualified staff. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 
For the purposes of the measures to improve the efficiency of agricultural structures, the areas 
regarded as disadvantaged were extended by 27 433 ha and now cover 69.4% of the UAA (utilised 
agricultural area) in Austria. The extension was designed to improve the boundaries of the 
disadvantaged areas by including coherent areas with specific handicaps. Over 99 000 farmers are 
now receiving compensatory allowances. 
Some 303 projects providing aid for the processing and marketing of agricultural and forestry 
products had been approved by the end of 1997. They concentrate on the meat, milk and milk 
products and fruit and vegetables sectors. The programme was amended in 1997 to include the 
forestry products sector. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) fisheries 
After two years of slow progress, mainly because of administrative preparations at national level, 
implementation of the programme in 1997 was fairly satisfactory and Austria made up some of the 
backlog. As a result of the interim evaluation report, the programme was amended slightly in 
December. 
OBJECTIVE 5(b) 
Seven areas are eligible under this Objective, which covers 60% of the area of Austria and includes 
30% of its population. 
A feature of Austria's Objective 5(b) programmes is that they are largely-directed to sectors, in line 
with Austria's regional policy. They seek to speed up adjustments in agriculture, production and 
tourism and to preserve or create jobs. 
The mid-term evaluation showed that no overall assessment of the impact of structural policy on 
regional development in Austria is yet possible, mainly because the programmes have not been 
running for long enough (since 1995 and, in practice, 1996). 
92 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
2. Community Initiatives 
The Cadses Interreg II C (Centre, Danube, Adriatic and South-East) and Interreg II A AustriaTtaly 
programmes were adopted in 1997 and implementation is already proceeding at a very satisfactory 
pace. 
The Cadses programme is designed to apply the initial guidelines of the ESDP (European Spatial 
Development Perspective) by developing transnational projects in order to set up a network of towns, 
promote environmentally-friendly transport networks, improve access to knowledge and information 
through cooperation and manage natural and cultural assets by agreement. 
The Monitoring Committees for the Interreg IIA programmes concerning cooperation across external 
frontiers with Slovenia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Hungary met the Phare programming and 
Monitoring Committees. Further joint meetings will be held in 1998. Joint measures have been 
devised, including improving coordination of implementation schedules. 
The mid-term evaluation in 1997 found that the projects financed through Interreg were of a good 
quality. However, appropriations should be used more quickly, particularly by the programmes 
concerning the Union's external frontiers. 
As regards the industrial conversion Initiatives, seven projects under Rechar II were adopted in 1997 
and 14 under Résider H. 
Although a number of pilot projects concerning information technologies and the environment were 
begun under the SMEs Initiative, progress is still slow. 
The Urban programmes for Vienna and Graz are progressing satisfactorily. 
The Ministry of Labour asked the labour market agency to manage the two human resources 
Initiatives Employment and Adapt, which facilitates implementation of the programmes. In spring 
1997 these two Initiatives were the subject of a mid-term evaluation which showed that the 
decentralised selection process had worked well but there still scope for improvement in the 
administrative procedures. In 1997 some 52 projects were adopted under Employment and 27 under 
Adapt. 
Despite the delays in beginning programmes under the Leader II Initiative, the level of 
implementation is satisfactory. The programmes were implemented in conjunction with those under 
Objective 5(b). 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 93 
2.2.12. PORTUGAL 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 
OBJECTIVE 1 
The whole of Portugal is eligible under Objective 1. 
Measures to assist small businesses in Portugal 
The total contribution of the Funds to the development of small businesses in Portugal under 
Objective 1 during the current programming period (1994-99) is estimated at ECU 2.7 billion. 
An example is the FACAP project (Fâbrica de Calçado PEDIP) (PEDIP shoe factory) to develop 56 
new machines and systems covering all the activities of small firms in the footwear sector. New 
technologies have been introduced, including water-jet cutting, CAD systems and robots. The project 
entails an investment of ECU 11 million and is being implemented by a consortium of 11 small firms 
in the footwear sector, two in the capital goods sector, a management consultant and two engaged in 
technological infrastructure. 
As part of the PEDIP programme for industry, a factory producing technical glass (Normax) 
introduced a quality assurance scheme and secured an ISO 9002 certificate at the end of 1995. 
Normax is a small firm with about 100 workers and exports around 40% of its production. Its product 
range includes 1 200 items, most intended for use in health and education. Because requirements in 
these sectors are very stringent, establishment of a quality assurance scheme and its recognition by the 
certification agency are essential to the future of the firm. 
The PEDIP II programme is also financing a demonstration project providing support for industrial 
productivity. Using the slogan "quick answers and flexible production", Pizarro & Cardoso submitted 
an innovative project offering dyeing and bleaching for knitwear and cloth. It employs 63 workers and 
has a turnover of ECU 3 million. The cost of the project, which concerns automated production, 
particularly in the dyeing laboratory and the bleaching machines, is about ECU 1.1 million. The 
project also includes establishment of a computerised system to manage all the firm's activities which 
increased productivity by 10% and improved the overall quality of the finished product. 
During 1997 the evaluation reports for the various programmes were completed. The mid-term review 
was also concluded and this led to a number of amendments to the CSF for Portugal although it 
showed that there was no need for alterations to the strategy adopted. Four main guidelines were 
identified: job-creation, the environment, new technologies and basic transport infrastructure. 
The main changes made to the CSF were as follows: 
• additional funding for the education programme of ECU 10.2 million from the ERDF and ECU 
13.4 million from the ESF. One result of this extra funding will be the construction of 1 200 new 
classrooms in schools; 
extra funding of ECU 13.4 million from the ESF for the programme on bases for knowledge and 
innovation to finance new programmes for education and training and meet the demand for 
vocational education, adult education and vocational guidance; 
a further ECU 35.7 million from the ESF for the vocational training and employment programme, 
of which ECU 5.1 million will be spent on training in the tourism sector; 
a further ECU 35.8 million from the ERDF and ECU 10.2 million from the ESF to give extra help 
to small firms under the industry sub-programme; 
94 __________„ ^ Annual RePort of the Structural Funds (1997) 
• an increase of ECU 133 million to regional progreammes under the ERDF of which 44% will go 
to the environment (water treatment and treatment of urban and industrial waste); 
• a transfer to the telecommunications sub-programme of ECU 9.4 million, of which ECU 7.1 
million was for a new measure concerning the information society. This measure will encourage 
links between schools and the Internet network, the development of electronic shopping and pilot 
projects to stimulate electronic information on public services in certain urban areas; 
• a further ECU 34 million for the north/south rail link and the extension of the Lisbon 
underground; 
• an extra ECU 17.8 million from the ESF to boost the support system for micro firms and relaunch 
local employment initiatives under the regional development programme; 
• a transfer of ECU 13 million to the agriculture sub-programme in the economic modernisation 
OP. 
In addition, a further ECU 16.7 million (ECU 9.2 million from the EAGGF and ECU 7.5 million from 
the ESF) was allocated to the Azores and ECU 15.5 million from the ESF to Madeira. 
These transfers were financed by reductions of allocations to some programmes, mainly energy (ECU 
13.8 million), training in agriculture (ECU 30.5 million), commerce (ECU 50 million) and the local 
development of agriculture (ECU 15 million). 
The mid-term review also demonstrated that Portugal is one of the Member States which makes the 
best use of the Funds: 70% of assistance was committed and 56% paid by the end of 1997, well above 
the Community average. 
The key indicators also show that implementation at the mid-term point was often ahead of the 
original estimates. By the end of 1996, construction of motorways and main roads had reached 74% 
of the target set for 1999. In the telecommunications sector, the goal set for 1999 of reaching the 
average rate of telephone provision in the Union (42 lines per 100 people) was reached by the end of 
1996. 
The progress of programmes continued in 1997 as it had in 1996, at a good level in both physical and 
financial terms in almost all cases. Even the programme to promote regional development potential 
and that to foster social integration, which had encountered start-up difficulties from 1994 to 1996, 
finally achieved an excellent rate of implementation. The programme on vocational training and 
employment slowed down slightly in 1997 as the result of changes in the legislation implementing the 
ESF in Portugal intended to improve the quality of the system. 
The integrated development project for the Alqueva area of the Alentejo (PEDIZA) was also 
approved in 1997. The Structural Funds are contributing ECU 203.1 million towards a total public 
investment of ECU 376.7 million. This programme is one of the largest integrated regional 
development projects so far financed by the Structural Funds. It is based on the construction of a dam 
on the river Guadiana and should provide a strategic water reserve of 4 150 cu. hm., regulate the flow 
of the river and irrigate 110 000 ha. The programme includes a series of environmental provisions to 
guarantee water quality and preserve natural areas. There is also a Commission decision on the part-
financing of the hydro-electric power station by the Cohesion Fund (ECU 64.5 million). 
One of the main challenges to be met by Community assistance for human resources is that 75% of 
the population of Portugal has received only the six years of compulsory education. The ESF has to 
make an extra effort to deal with this situation. This means that initial training and apprenticeship and 
further training for young people who have dropped out of education must be a priority for the 
vocational training and employment programme. At the same time, the other human resources 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
programmes must improve access to training for workers in small firms, who constitute the bulk of the 
labour force in Portugal but do not generally participate in training and skill-raising measures. 
There was some delay in implementing aquaculture measures in the fisheries sub-programme of the 
economic modernisation OP. 
2. Community Initiatives 
Most programmes progressed satisfactorily in 1997. Those which encountered most difficulties in this 
respect were Urban and SMEs. 
The reprogramming of Interreg II A Portugal-Spain meant that funds not implemented in 1994, 1995 
and 1996 could be redistributed to later years and the resources provided by indexation could be 
allocated. 
Under Interreg II B, natural gas networks, the introduction of natural gas started in 1997. This is the 
first time this source of energy is being used in Portugal. 
Under Interreg II C a new programme to combat drought was approved by the Commission in 
September. The Community will contribute ECU 6.2 million to help improve the monitoring of water 
resources and make the best use of water intended for agriculture. It includes financing studies on the 
impact of drought, a pilot irrigation project and measures to promote cooperation among the various 
levels of the Portuguese administration and with the authorities of other countries concerned by this 
type of problem. 
As regards human resources, 113 projects were selected for the Employment Initiative under the 
second call for projects. AU four strands of the Initiative stress training, systems development, job-
creation and publicity and public awareness. Under the Adapt Initiative 70 projects were selected. 
Training is well represented and the priorities selected by the projects are support for small firms, 
anticipatory measures and new forms of work organisation. 
All 47 local action groups under Leader II have now been chosen and the projects are being 
implemented. The 1997 annual instalment was committed and the first and second advances were paid 
during that year. 
After a slow start, the single instalment for Pesca was committed by the three Funds involved (FIFG, 
ERDF, ESF). A Community contribution of ECU 3.6 million to 175 projects was approved in 1997. 
96 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
2.2.13. FINLAND 
J_ The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 
Measures to assist small businesses in Finland: 
The Funds' contribution to the development of SMEs under Objectives 2 and 6 amounts to about 
ECU 93 million in the current period, 33% of which is under Objective 2 and 67% under Objective 6. 
Most of the aid relates to advice for SMEs, their networking and the promotion of an international 
outlook. 
Objective 2: In the Paiiat-Hame region (Lahti), the ESF granted a furniture technology and design 
project ECU 400 000 in part-funding (towards a total cost of ECU 2.2 million). This private sector 
project is helping furniture enterprises to improve their competitiveness with a view to creating jobs 
in the sector. To this end, the manufacturers, raw materials producers and training organisations have 
been invited to cooperate through a network. The network allows the enterprises to make their 
specific training needs known; the resulting training sessions are thus perfectly tailored to the needs 
of each participating SME and this is the project's key asset. For example, in February 1998 Sotka 
Finland Oy won the Ministry of Labour's prize for "Best Employer of the Year", in recognition of its 
advanced training policy. The company, owned by its 268 workers, has 36 furniture shops in Finland, 
Moscow and St Petersburg and plans to set up in Estonia. The entire "furniture technology" project 
has so far resulted in the organisation of training in 55 enterprises, the creation of some 160 jobs and 
the preservation of a further 840. 
In a project funded in the region of Kymenlaakso in South-East Finland, 36 small and medium-sized 
logistics enterprises have regrouped their services to cater to foreign enterprises wishing to use South-
East Finland as a base for trade with Russia. 
Objective 5(b): the projects offer aid to SMEs in the form of studies prior to their establishment, 
start-up aid, advice, aid for investment or product development and aid for the use of new 
technologies. About 1 200 new enterprises have been created as a result, including 350 farm holdings. 
Objective 6: in the North Karelia region the programme funds training and research into moulding 
and tool manufacture for enterprises involved in plastics or metal production and which have a strong 
presence in the region. The aim is to develop a "hub of excellence" in this field, linked to foreign 
companies and research and training centres. Near Oulu, in the North Ostrobothnia region, the 
Objective 6 programme helps SMEs in the micro-electronics industry to set up in the Micropolis 
centre. Loans to create micro-enterprises that include a special budget line for businesswomen are to 
be included in the programmes in 1998. ' 
OBJECTIVE 2 
The final text of the programme for the new period was approved in April. With the experience 
gained in the first programming period and the simplifications made to the structure of the new 
programme, the regions were able to start work quickly and by the end of the year 44% of the budget 
for the new programme had been committed. The clearance of accounts for the 1995-96 phase saw the 
transfer of some ECU 16.15 million to 1997-99 and highlighted the shortcomings in the monitoring 
arrangements. Remedial measures were taken. About 5 000 new jobs were created by the end of 1996. 
The new programme aims to create more than 10 000 new jobs. 
The funds committed by the end of 1997 for the entire 1995-99 period amounted to about 58% of the 
Community contribution, which points to full implementation by the end of the period. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 97 
In terms of human resources, the mid-term evaluation carried out in 1997 indicates that the ESF 
assistance is too often based on supply whereas it should instead reflect more closely the real needs of 
the SMEs in the areas concerned. 
OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 
Since the start of the prograrnming period in 1995, 490 Objective 3 projects have been launched. 
Training scheme participants number 68 000, 75% of the target for 1995-99. 
In the case of Objective 4, some 380 projects have been launched and more than 20 000 SMEs have 
participated. Participants in training and advisory schemes number 69 000, equivalent to 85% of 
expectations for the entire programming period. However, the length of training per participant has 
been shorter than planned. 
No transfers between priorities, no fusion of measures or amendments thereto were made as a result 
of the interim assessment. The only change made was a transfer of ECU 9 million out of the ESF 
within the "Youth" priority. The amounts resulting from the indexation for 1996 and 1997 were 
allocated to the best performing measures and to technical assistance with a view to promoting the 
territorial employment pacts. 
Objective 4's flexibility has been enhanced by merging two small measures with the measure entitled 
"development of staff working skills". 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 
Expenditure under the measures to improve the efficiency of agricultural structures went as a priority 
to compensatory allowances for less-favoured regions (90% of the expenditure). The remaining funds 
are being used for investment projects and installation aid for young farmers. Some 1 200 farmers 
were assisted in 1997 and 180 farmers received investment aid. 
Aid measures for the processing and marketing of agricultural products were adopted in 1995. They 
focus mainly on the meat sector (45% of the aid) and milk and milk products (40%). By the end of 
1997, the Finnish authorities had approved 133 projects costing a total of ECU 158 million. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) fisheries 
Implementation speeded up significantly in 1997 with the approval of some 700 projects. By the end 
of the year, all the appropriations for the period had been committed and 80% had been paid out. 
Aquaculture continues to be somewhat behind schedule because the market has been heavily affected 
by large quantities of Norwegian salmon. The mid-term evaluation report was delivered at the end of 
1997 and resulted in the first amendment to the financing plan. 
OBJECTIVE 5(b) 
The areas eligible under Objective 5(b) have a population of 1.1 million, i.e. one fifth of the Finnish 
population, and cover one quarter of the country's surface area. These regions are very sparsely 
populated (11.5 inhabitants/km2 on average) and are highly dependent on agriculture. 
The Objective 5(b) programmes concentrate on SME diversification and improvement, the 
establishment of rural services and the attractiveness of rural areas. Another major objective is to 
adapt rural areas to the CAP. The structure of Finnish agriculture should improve through the 
development of new, quality products and greater cooperation between farmers and other rural 
enterprises. The programme for the Aland Islands places the main emphasis on tourism and SMEs and 
on sustainable development projects. Environmental protection is taken into account horizontally in 
all Finnish regions through the involvement of the environmental authorities in the decision-making 
process at regional level. Furthermore, since the start of the programme, 15 000 individuals have gone 
on training schemes part-funded by the ESF. 
98 9,h Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
The programmes' overall objectives are to close the gap between the economic productivity of the 
Objective 5(b) regions and the other regions, to create and preserve jobs, to reduce unemployment, to 
slow down the decrease in the number of farm holdings, to encourage diversification in farm activities 
and to improve skills. 
The mid-term evaluation delivered in the autumn noted that the partnership had improved. The report 
stresses the need to improve the programmes' administrative structures. Lastly, regional disparities 
are increasing, notably between the rural regions, where the population continues to decrease, and the 
others. 
OBJECTIVE 6 
The mid-term evaluation was completed in December and resulted in a number of changes to the 
programmes. Some measures in particular were merged, funding was transferred from poorly 
performing measures to those which had exhausted their funding, in particular the measures on the 
economic environment, training and unemployment prevention. Since 1995, 21 000 individuals have 
been trained on schemes part-financed by the ESF. The ESF's "information society" measure has also 
had its funding increased. The amounts resulting from the indexation for 1996 and 1997 were 
allocated at the same time. In addition, measures were introduced to grant loans to micro-enterprises. 
The measures on the effectiveness of agricultural structures and rural development made up for the 
time lost because of their late start. On the other hand, the measures on the processing and marketing 
of agricultural products and the establishment of producer groups for agricultural and horticultural 
products are still somewhat behind schedule. 
2. Community Initiatives 
The funding for all the Interreg II A programmes has been fully committed. Payments, on the other 
hand, are behind schedule for all the programmes because of administrative bottlenecks. The first 
evaluation reports recommended a more meticulous selection of the projects to be funded and 
proposed a number of criteria to this end. The procedural and budgetary differences between Interreg 
IIA and Tacis have made it difficult to fund genuine cross-border projects with Russia. 
In 1997 the Commission approved the Interreg II C programme for the Baltic and North Sea regions. 
The Finnish component is fully committed already, and 50% has been paid out. 
A second programme, the Helsinki/Vantaa Urban programme, was approved in April and funded out 
of the reserve. The Joensuu Urban programme is progressing most satisfactorily since all the funding 
was committed by year-end and 50% has been paid out. 
Implementation of the SME programme has also speeded up after a slow start; all the funds were 
committed by the end of the year. 
On the human resources side, 128 projects under the Employment and Adapt Initiatives were chosen 
from the two calls for projects in 1996 and 1997. The projects involve 509 transnational partnerships, 
mostly with the United Kingdom, Italy and Germany. 
Half of the programme promoters are non-governmental organisations or municipalities, the other half 
are public authorities, in particular institutes of higher education. The planned number of participants 
is around 6 000 for the Employment Initiative and 4 000 for Adapt. About 5 000 individuals have so 
far participated in the projects under these two Initiatives. 
In the case of Leader H, 10 local action groups were chosen in the Objective 6 regions and began 
work in the spring. Implementation was somewhat delayed because of the late decision on the 
allocation of funding to the various groups and because of delays in implementing the ESF measures. 
Nevertheless, 238 projects had been approved and 30% of the available funding paid out by the end of 
1997. In the Objective 5(b) areas, 12 local action groups were selected and about 350 projects had 
started by the end of 1997. The national Leader II network was set up in 1997. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) ^^ 99 
2.2.14. SWEDEN 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 
Measures to assist small businesses in Sweden 
The contribution of the Funds to the development of small firms under the regionalised Objectives for 
the period 1995-99 totalled some ECU 400 million, 34% -under Objective 2, about 21% under 
Objective 5(b) and 45% under Objective 6. All the Swedish programmes are heavily biased towards 
small firms. 
Objective 2: The main aim of the five Objective 2 programmes for Sweden is to improve the business 
climate, to support local small businesses and to develop the tourism sector. The following general 
activities have been undertaken for upgrading skills in response to local needs: the improvement of 
vocational training to meet the needs of local firms, training existing and new entrepreneurs, 
managers and employees in small firms, training in the use of new technologies, placement of 
graduates in small firms, business and management courses for women, the creation of links between 
firms and knowledge centres, coordination between training, education and research institutes at 
regional level and the further development of distance learning. 
Objective 5(b): ESF measures concentrate on raising skill levels in small firms, encouraging use of 
R&TD in firms and creating links for cooperation between universities and firms. 
Objective 6: Under the development of skills measure, small firms are encouraged to work in close 
cooperation with research centres to secure better access to R&TD. There is support for internal 
training measures and the establishment of firms by the Sami (Lapps). 
Two projects under the SMEs Initiative illustrate how the Community is helping small firms in 
Sweden: 
• The 'integrated production via Internet' network aims to provide a practical demonstration of the 
advantages of information technologies and to link firms with other partners in a coherent but 
flexible environment. There are also opportunities for cooperation at a distance. Some 30 small 
firms in four sectors of activity were selected to try out this new system. 
The innovation and enterprise 1997-99 project seeks to develop a spirit of innovation among 
small firms with good development potential. 15 small firms from the Vàrmland region are taking 
part. 
OBJECTIVE 2 
The five Objective 2 SPDs contain measures to improve the economic environment, support local 
small firms and expand tourism. Ambitious targets for job-creation were set (21 000) and actual 
achievements are in line with, or even ahead of, forecasts. 
Following the mid-term evaluation, the Monitoring Committees decided to make some changes to the 
programmes. These entailed the allocation of resources from indexation, financial transfers between 
measures, an increase in the rate of Community part-financing for some measures, the introduction of 
a new measure "regionalt utvecklingsstocT and the merger of some measures. 
OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 
Since the Objective 3 SPD was adopted late, in December 1995, measures did not really begin until 
autumn 1996. Since then the number of projects and participants has increased considerably, reaching 
about 1 190 projects and 90 000 participants by the end of 1997. About 20% of those who finished 
100 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
their training in August 1997 have found a job. Training in computer skills for young people was 
unexpectedly successful. Overall, more women (53%) than men have taken part in these measures, 
except amongst immigrants (44% women). 
The diversification of the partnership increased during 1997; although local authorities are the main 
project promoters, their share fell considerably as that of other parties in the social economy grew. 
The participation of private firms as project promoters grew considerably over the two-year period to 
28% in 1997. 
The Objective 4 SPD was also adopted late (in February 1996). 77% of its resources are allocated to a 
system to alter the organisation of work and individual training for target groups in small firms. The 
mid-term evaluation recommended some improvements and some transfers among measures. The 
study showed that the programme had been very beneficial in terms of both employment and the 
internal development of small firms. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 
The system of compensatory allowances introduced in 1995 accounts for the bulk of the funds 
allocated to the improvement of agricultural structures: 24 000 farmers received compensatory 
allowances in 1997. A measure to assist the installation of young farmers began in 1996 and benefited 
about 155 young farmers in 1997, raising total beneficiaries to 800. This figure is, however, below 
estimates and is falling from one year to the next. At the end of 1996, a system of investment aid for 
agricultural holdings was approved but it was not implemented until 1997 and only 87 farmers have 
benefited so far. The projects concern environmental protection, the protection of animals and 
diversification of activity. 
Aid for the production and marketing of agricultural products was adopted in March 1996. The main 
sectors concerned are meat and milk and milk products. Most projects in the meat sector are 
concerned with improving hygiene. 
In addition ECU 56 million was transferred from unused Objective 5(a) measures to programmes 
under Objectives 6 (ECU 43.3 million) and 5(b) (ECU 7.7 million) and an innovative measures until 
Article 10 of the ERDF Regulation. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) fisheries 
Investment plays an important role in the fish processing, modernisation and fleet renovation sectors. 
Following the mid-term evaluation, the Monitoring Committee decided to allocate the amounts 
derived from indexation. 
OBJECTIVE 5(b) 
After a slow start in autumn 1996, with the exception of some measures, implementation of the five 
SPDs speeded up considerably during 1997. Initial administrative problems had an impact on the state 
of payments but there was a considerable improvement because of the generally high level of 
commitments. As a result of the mid-term evaluation, the Monitoring Committees for Vâsterbotten-
Gavle-Dala, Gotland and Skàrgarden proposed amendments to speed implementation involving 
transfer of finance among measures and a higher rate of Community part-financing. In 1997 Sweden 
also proposed transferring the ECU 7.7 million not used under Objective 5(a) to Objective 5(b) to 
provide loans to young businessmen under the five SPDs and for measures on Gotland to offset 
closure of a sugar plant on the island. 
OBJECTIVE 6 
The Objective 6 SPD seeks to create 9 500 new jobs and 900 firms. The mid-term evaluation found 
that those figures would be reached as planned. At its November meeting the Monitoring Committee 
decided on certain amendments: part of the product of indexation for 1996 and 1997 was allocated 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) l01 
and the transfer of ECU 43.3 million from Objective 5(a) was noted. The number of measures was 
reduced from 30 to 25 and the rate of Community part-finance was increased from 50% to 75% for 
the measures concerning local and rural development and the raising of reindeer by the Sami. A new 
project was introduced, the "regionalt utvecklingsstôd", to part-finance project to promote small 
firms. 
2. Community Initiatives 
During 1997 implementation of the eight Interreg II A programmes in which Sweden is participating 
speeded up considerably and all the assistance had been committed by the end of the year and 30% 
paid. The level of payments to final beneficiaries, however, is still low. During the year, two 
programmes (Nordic green belt and North Cape) were amended to bring geographical coverage into 
line with the structure of the decision on measures concerning the Sami. 
The Interreg II C programmes for the Baltic Sea and North Sea were both approved in December 
1997. Nevertheless, payments for the Baltic Sea programme already amount to 50%. 
The Urban Initiative for Malmô (Sweden's third city) was not approved until December 1996 but all 
the appropriations had been committed by the end of 1997. 
The SMEs Initiative, for regions eligible under Objectives 2, 5(b) and 6, was approved in July 1996. 
By the end of 1997 all the appropriations had been committed and 30% paid. One of the aims of the 
programme is to link 1 000 small firms with other firms or organisations in Sweden through a 
network. 
Konver, the only industrial conversion Initiative in which Sweden participates, concerns the cities of 
Karlskoga and Karlsborg. The programme was approved in 1996 and by the end of 1997 about 34% 
of the appropriations had been paid to the Member State although no payment to the final 
beneficiaries were made during the year. 
Although the Leader II national network was not adopted until 1997, implementation of 
appropriations is very good with 100% committed and 40% paid. 
The first call for human resources projects resulted in 47 being adopted under Employment and 24 
under Adapt. 158 and 100 transnational partnerships respectively were entered into, mostly with 
partners in Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and Spain. A Nordic cooperation project on the 
dissemination of good practice was established in 1997. The second call for projects resulted in 71 
being selected under Employment and 32 under Adapt. 
The Pesca Community Initiative concerns 16 municipalities dependent on fisheries, mostly on the 
west coast. An information campaign will begin in 1998 to improve use of the funds. In addition 
national funds, as well as those from regions and counties, will be available. 
102 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
2.2.15. UNITED KINGDOM 
1. The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 
Measures to assist small businesses in the United Kingdom 
The contribution of the Funds to the development of small businesses under the regionalised 
Objectives is estimated at ECU 2.4 billion, comprising 25% for Objective 1, about 56% for Objective 
2 and 19% for Objective 5(b). The Community Initiatives provide an additional sum of about ECU 
120 million for these firms. 
Objective 1: In Merseyside the business university project managed by the University of Liverpool is 
intended to help local firms and assist graduates of the university to find jobs in them. Under this 
measure, local firms receive grants to take on young graduates in areas such as the development of 
information technology systems and the creation of marketing activities. The young graduates receive 
intensive training in business techniques and are taken on by firms for six months, after which they 
may be recruited. So far, 1 200 projects have been set up in small firms on Merseyside, 550 new jobs 
have been created and some 2 000 unemployed graduates have found work. After recruitment, about 
70% of them have remained in firms in the area. The business university expects to reach 5 000 small 
firms in the areas and, more specifically, 75% of those designated in the Merseyside economic 
programme as having a high growth potential. 
An advisory service on information and communications technologies has been established in the 
Highlands & Islands region of Scotland. It was first set up under the Leader I Initiative but has now 
become a three-year project under Objective 1. The ERDF originally provided ECU 131 500 but the 
success of the project has resulted in a second phase, with a contribution of ECU 360 000. The project 
seeks to stimulate investment by small firms in the information technologies by offering an advisory 
service and, in particular, identifying new opportunities for investment and adapting measures to the 
specific needs of each small firm and the skills of its workforce. It also helps small firms to overcome 
the computer problems posed by the turn of the century. It has resulted in the creation of more than 50 
full-time distance-working jobs in the Western Isles, especially those which are most remote. The 
advisory service project is linked to other European projects such as ITSCAN, an initiative taken by 
the Scottish Office which supports projects in partnership with bodies in Scandinavia under Article 10 
of the ERDF Regulation. 
Objective 2: Each of the 13 SPDs approved in 1997 includes a more detailed analysis of the role of 
small firms in each regional economy and a commitment to monitor measures better and concentrate 
more on small firms. The SPDs now include a specific priority for small firms, which enables 
measures to be targeted more accurately on small businesses than was possible with the more general 
measures to support economic activity and promote infrastructure in previous programmes. Each new 
programme includes a better definition of the range of measures to be financed at all stages of the life 
of the small firm, from creation to the financing of expansion including access to venture-capital 
funds at regional level. 
In North-East England, the New Enterprise Strategy for small firms was set up by the Teesside 
Training and Enterprise Council in 1995 to stimulate growth in new firms and create jobs in the 
region. The ERDF and the ESF are providing part-finance of ECU .1.3 million towards a total cost of 
ECU 14.8 million. The project comprises a support network of local partners to provide advice to 
those setting up firms, who are also offered access to a capital grant fund provided they undertake to 
create one new job. This gives them start-up capital of up to about ECU 4 600. So far, this project has 
supported over 1 800 regional small firms, of which 560 were set up by women. Furthermore, 77% of 
these small firms are still operating 18 months after they were established, which is a very satisfactory 
survival rate. Of the 3 200 jobs which this project has created in the region, 200 have been filled by 
the long-term unemployed and 600 by young people aged under 25. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) _____________ 
Objective 5(b): Because of the large number of regions which have a large number of small and 
micro firms, the SPDs include a range of measures to develop their growth potential. In ______ 
England, for example, most of the funds under Objective 5(b) go to the small firms and economic 
development priority. These measures include targeted training, commercial advice and support for 
infrastructure finance. Some 40% of the Community contribution goes to this priority, 25% to 
diversification and the development of the non-agricultural sector while about 15% is spent on 
measures to develop human resources. 
OBJECTIVE 1 
Three regions of the United Kingdom are eligible under Objective 1: Merseyside, Highlands & 
Islands and Northern Ireland. 
Implementation of the programmes in 1997 focused on the mid-term evaluation and its consequences. 
This resulted in changes to the programme for Merseyside in July, mainly by reducing finance for 
infrastructure (including transport) to benefit economic development measures in the most deprived 
areas. A new measure to develop information and communications technologies was added. 
In the Highlands & Islands, the mid-term evaluation recommended some adjustments but without 
affecting the basic strategy of improving the targeting of ESF measures on those genuinely excluded 
from society. Implementation of the programme for the fisheries sector was speeded up and projects 
approved account for 53% of total investment. 
In Northern Ireland, some of the funds made available through indexation of earlier years were 
allocated. No finance was transferred among priorities and the bulk of changes concerned the 
transport sector, which received a further ECU 28 million to improve public transport. Other changes, 
although minor in terms of the financing plan, were important in terms of priorities: greater attention 
was devoted to the most disadvantaged groups, all Monitoring Committees included representatives of 
the social partners and, following the success in local development achieved by the SPD and the 
Peace Initiative, a group was set up to look at how local development measures could be rationalised. 
Measures for investment in agriculture were placed in suspense, mainly because of inadequate 
matching funds from national public and private sources. As elsewhere in the United Kingdom, the 
BSE crisis delayed all planned agricultural investment. Implementation of the fisheries programme 
speeded up and an extra ECU 1.5 million was allocated to the FIFG. 
In general, the mid-term evaluation for the three regions concerned concentrated on improving the 
monitoring of programmes and the objectives to be achieved in terms of impact (particularly job-
creation and meeting the needs of the long-term unemployed). 
OBJECTIVE 2 
The 13 SPDs for Objective 2 covering 1997 to 1999 were approved between April and July. The 
social partners formed part of the Monitoring Committees for the first time in the United Kingdom 
and local elected representatives now participate regularly. The social partners are normally 
represented by the regional offices of the Trades Union Congress and the Confederation of British 
Industry. The main innovation as regards the management of the programmes is the adoption of 
strategies to guide the implementation of priorities under the SPDs and to help select projects and 
measures. 
Many Monitoring Committees make use of expert groups when implementing programmes.. An 
example is the programme for North-East England, where the Monitoring Committee set up a working 
party on equal opportunities to monitor progress in this field and exchange good practice between 
projects. Some regions also set up a group on the environment. 
104 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
Greater attention was paid to job-creation through support for the establishment and growth of small 
firms and more focused support for investment. Most of the SPDs made it a specific priority to 
encourage community economic development projects, especially those of urban communities, in the 
most disadvantaged areas of Objective 2. Each Objective 2 SPD included a requirement for a 
comprehensive review of baseline information and of activity, output and impact targets within six 
months of the first Monitoring Committee meeting. This will reinforce the monitoring and evaluation 
of programmes. 
By the end of 1997 virtually all ESF assistance had been committed. Few commitments under the 
ERDF were made during the year because the Monitoring Committees concentrated primarily on 
defining and approving action plans and integrated sets of projects ready for forthcoming financing. 
Commitment of ERDF assistance under individual projects was fairly limited. 
Because programmes from the first period (1994-96) were not completed, some ECU 155 million was 
transferred to 1997-99. 
OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 
A new SPD for Objective 3 to cover the period 1997-99 was adopted in December 1996. A new 
implementing structure was introduced to identify the needs of each region clearly. In future the 
regional committees will manage the allocation of funds at local level. These committees are chaired 
by government appointees and also include representatives of each economic sector and of the social 
partners. Each region draws up a plan for its development setting out, in the framework of the SPD, its 
strategy and priorities, backed up by quantified data. This new regionalised system of implementation 
has allowed the Monitoring Committee to demonstrate how measures implemented under Objective 3 
complement those under Objectives 2 and 5(b) and the Community Initiatives. 
On 18 November 1997, the United Kingdom authorities submitted their programme under Objective 4 
to the Commission. Negotiations on the SPD for 1998-99 began immediately and the Commission 
adopted it on 13 March 1998. The ESF will contribute ECU 247.4 million towards a total cost of ECU 
549.6 million. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 
Of the ECU 138 million earmarked for the improvement of agricultural structures, about 95% is spent 
on compensatory allowances. In 1997 these concerned some 58 000 holdings. The remaining 5% was 
used to finance investment projects. 
The United Kingdom is authorised to restrict aid for the production and marketing of agricultural 
products in England to projects received by the end of March 1996. In Scotland and Wales these 
measures will continue to apply until the end of 1999. As a result, the EAGGF contribution has 
shrunk from its original ECU 227 million to ECU 51 million. 
Some 187 projects had been approved by the end of 1997, mostly in the fruit and vegetables, meat, 
potatoes and milk sectors. 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) fisheries 
Over 33% of investment had been approved by the end of 1997. These measures included adjustment 
of the fishing effort (decommissioning), modernising the safety of vessels, production and marketing 
and port facilities. Progress is expected, particularly in Wales. There was very little investment in 
aquaculture because of the lack of public aid. 
9lh Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 105 
The fleet decommissioning project, costing a total of ECU 21 million, began in August 1997. Under 
it, 108 additional vessels were to be decommissioned, so bringing the United Kingdom closer to the 
targets to be achieved under the Multiannual Guidance Programme (MGP III). Some 700 vessels have 
been decommissioned over the last five years. A report evaluating the decommissioning system in the 
United Kingdom has confirmed the success of the scheme. 
After lengthy discussions and negotiations, the new MGP IV for 1997-2001 was approved in 
December. The fishing effort will be cut through reductions in the number of vessels and in fishing 
activity. Objectives have been set for each sector of the industry. 
OBJECTIVE 5(b) 
All 11 programmes followed an integrated approach. The development of small firms and agriculture 
are linked wherever possible in order to maximise the impact of the programmes. 
The interim evaluation of the 11 programmes is practically complete. Provisional results confirm the 
validity of the original strategies and financial allocations, to which few amendments are proposed. 
Despite some reservations, the job-creation targets in the programmes will probably be exceeded. 
As in the case of Objective 5(a), the social partners and local elected representatives may now sit on 
the Monitoring Committees. 
2. Community Initiatives 
The last Community Initiative programmes were approved at the end of 1997: three under SMEs 
(England Objective 2, England Objective 5(b) and Merseyside) and four under Urban (Brighton, 
Bristol, Coventry and Leeds) plus the Interreg II C transitional programme for the North Sea in which 
the United Kingdom is participating. 
The SMEs programmes in England include three areas for action: direct aid to small firms to help 
them develop their own strategies in cooperation with international partners, international networking 
and the development of human resources. These three programmes are expected to result in the 
creation of 3 500 jobs over the next three years. 
As a result of the allocation of the reserve, the programmes under the four industrial conversion 
programmes (Konver, Retex, Résider II and Rechar II) were extended to the end of 1999 and given 
extra funding. 
The allocation of the reserve also meant that four new programmes were adopted under Urban; in 
addition, the Merseyside programme was extended to include Leasowe. In Northern Ireland, Urban 
includes measures for cooperation between communities to supplement the classic measures for the 
renovation of run-down areas of Belfast and Londonderry. 
Most of the delays in implementing payments under Peace may be explained by the system of 
managing funds, which go through intermediary financial bodies and district partnerships. Parliament 
approved an additional ECU 100 million for Peace in the autumn and a decision on a further ECU 100 
million could be taken in 1998. 
In the area of human resources, 339 new projects under Employment were selected as a result of the 
second call for projects. Of these, 48 concern regions eligible under Objective 1 (including 27 in 
Northern Ireland). At the end of 1997, the United Kingdom authorities proposed transferring ECU 16 
million from Adapt to Employment but this has not yet been done. 
The second call for projects under Adapt resulted in the selection of 178, of which 14 were in the 
Objective 1 regions (9 in Northern Ireland). However, the projects adopted absorbed less funding than 
anticipated, which led to the request to make a transfer. Even after this transfer, however, a large part 
of the assistance allocated to Adapt will remain unused. Accordingly, the United Kingdom authorities, 
106 ______________ 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
in agreement with the Commission, proposed a third, limited, call for projects in connection with the 
British government's University for industry in 1998. 
The lack of a national network part-financed by the European Union causes problems for Leader II 
and the failure to reach unanimous agreement oh the national source of part-financing threatens the 
implementation of measures. Despite the progress recorded following establishment of the Leader 
action groups (LAGs) in the Objective 5(b) areas, programme implementation in England has not 
absorbed all the funds available. One of the main difficulties encountered by the LAGs in the 
Objective 5(b) areas is finding regional and local funding to match Community finance, which 
impedes the progress of operations. Some LAGs have begun to develop transnational contacts. In 
Northern Ireland the 24 Leader groups selected have implemented the programme diligently. 
A number of working parties were set up under the Pesca Community Initiative to ensure that the 
projects meet real needs on the ground. Although the industry was initially suspicious of Pesca, it has 
welcomed many measures enthusiastically. Progress should improve in 1998. 
CHAPTER 3: 
EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 109 
Evaluation work carried out in 1997 had two objectives: 
• to promote the efficient use of the Funds; 
• to prepare future programming of structural assistance. 
The first action programme concerned the continuation of interim evaluations and analysis of the 
effectiveness of assistance. These evaluations also provide initial input for the next programming 
period, particularly with regard to the preparation of development plans and the introduction of 
appropriate methods of management. 
The second area of work comprised thematic evaluations at Community level on a limited number of 
subjects (small firms, R&D and innovation, the environment) and one horizontal subject (the 
partnership). These thematic evaluation differ from interim evaluations in that they look at cross-
sections - they seek to identify strategic themes and assist in the closer study of some priorities. 
Evaluations as a whole try to look at the subject of employment as a horizontal priority; estimates of 
the impact of assistance on employment need to be reliable and comparable across programmes. The 
consolidation of the methods and instruments of evaluation, training, and publicity to users are also of 
considerable importance. 
3.1. INTERIM EVALUATIONS 
Interim evaluations of all the Objectives were carried out during 1997 and resulted in adjustments 
within programmes. 
Overview of the CSFs and SPDs for Objectives 1 and 6 
During the year about 100 interim evaluations of Objectives 1 and 6 were carried out in the various 
Member States to check on the effectiveness and efficiency of assistance and the quality of 
management systems. Where appropriate, they could propose any changes to the nature of assistance 
which appeared necessary. 
The coverage of these evaluations among the Member States, and indeed between programmes within 
a Member State, varied considerably. In Italy, for example, it was agreed first to carry out an 
"internal" evaluation at the level of the CSF since it had not proved possible to select the independent 
assessors during 1997. 
For Objective 1 programmes, whose financial volume of Structural Funds can be identified at national 
level, estimates on the macroeconomic impact have also been part of the evaluations. The 
predominant methodology of macro-models simulating the demand and supply side effects of 
Structural Funds interventions is well established now, although further methodological progress is 
needed in some cases. In spite of the differences in methods and results, all evaluations confirmed the 
positive growth and employment effects of major Objective 1 programmes. 
An overview of the content and use made of these evaluations will be set out in a separate report by 
the Commission to be prepared in mid-1998. This report will also describe the extent to which the 
guidelines laid down by the Commission were taken into account when assistance was adjusted at the 
mid-term point. 
Most CSFs and SPDs have been or will be adjusted in this way. With the exceptions of Merseyside, 
Ireland and Northern Ireland, these are being made during the first half of 1998. The main features 
available for Objective 1 are set out below. 
110 9"h Annual Report of the Structural Funds (199 7) 
External evaluations of the operational programmes in the new German Lander were carried out and 
the results submitted to the Monitoring Committees and various sub-committees. An overall 
evaluation at the level of the CSF involving a summary of the evaluations was also carried out. The 
regional authorities played a full part in the evaluation work but their impact on the implementation of 
assistance remains slight because of the large number of financial adjustments made during the 
programmes. 
In Burgenland (Austria), each stage of the evaluation report was discussed in the partnership, which 
resulted in a number of recommendations. These stressed the need for a rationalisation of financial 
assistance to firms and greater support for the establishment of firms and tourist projects in southern 
Burgenland to expand job opportunities there. The interim evaluation also pointed to the need for 
better monitoring (with particular regard to the collection of data) and closer horizontal coordination 
among the various administrations. The financial adjustments were slight and did not affect the 
priorities for assistance. 
An interim evaluation of the SPD for Hainaut (Belgium) was carried out in April 1997 and 
extensively discussed in the Monitoring Committee. On the basis of the recommendations in the 
evaluation report, it was decided to redirect certain programming choices. The measure for the 
restoration of run-down industrial sites was abandoned and the resources devoted to aid to firms. The 
medium and long-term impact expected from this shift should make structural assistance more 
effective. 
Evaluations for the Spanish Objective 1 regions confirm that programmes are progressing 
satisfactorily in accordance with the goals laid down. The main conclusion which emerges at the level 
of the CSF is that there is no need for substantial changes to the assistance being implemented but 
changes in the monitoring system are required. The main changes in the original CSF concern greater 
aid for the productive sector, the inclusion of a new sub-priority in the "information society" priority 
and the financing of the territorial pacts for employment. 
Interim evaluations were carried out in the French Objective 1 regions. The report for Réunion had 
not been completed by the end of 1997. A number of reprogrammings were made for Guadeloupe, 
French Guiana and Martinique to speed up the implementation of assistance. Evaluations in those 
three regions showed that the adjustments made had been correct and, in the case of Martinique for 
example, drew attention to weaknesses in the monitoring system which sometimes impeded 
reprogramming. 
The evaluation report for Corsica was completed in June 1997 but had no operational implications for 
implementation. 
The interim evaluation for Nord/Pas-de-Calais was based on the monitoring system established by the 
regional authorities. Its recommendations included the need for better integration of the work of the 
ERDF with that of the ESF and stricter application of the selection criteria in allocating assistance to 
small firms in order to promote employment and innovation. On the basis of this evaluation, the 
Monitoring Committee took a series of decisions to amend the programme, in particular by redirecting 
assistance to those measures which created most jobs, involving the private sector more closely in 
tourist investment and transferring appropriations to environmental measures. 
Thirteen evaluation reports were completed on the programmes in the Greek regions where assessors 
were selected for sectoral programmes and the CSFs as a whole. However, management weaknesses 
in the national and regional administrations impeded progress on evaluation. A seminar to exchange 
experiences was organised at the Commission's initiative. 
Adjustments to regional programmes were carried out in the first quarter of 1997 with no transfers 
between programmes and no changes to priorities. During the second half of the year, the national and 
regional authorities made more extensive adjustments to the sectoral programmes. This process 
should result in an adjustment to the CSF which will be completed in the first half of 1998. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 111 
The main feature of the mid-term evaluation in Ireland was efficient incorporation of the evaluations 
into the decision-making process. The mid-term evaluation of the CSF was examined in detail by the 
national authorities and Commission staff working in partnership. An interim evaluation had already 
been carried out on the operational programmes and these had been approved and discussed in the 
appropriate Monitoring Committees. 
The mid-term evaluation of the CSF suggests a need for some strategic reorientations because of 
changes in the economic context. It is proposed, for example, to increase support for non-urban 
infrastructure and assistance for groups at risk of exclusion and reduce aid to firms, particularly in 
highly demand-related activities or where public assistance is not fully justified. The report also 
contains a number of recommendations on the management and implementation of assistance, 
particularly the lack of competition in some public services partly grant-aided by the Structural Funds 
and the poor quality of some monitoring and evaluation indicators. 
The guidelines for the mid-term evaluation adopted by the Monitoring Committee in July 1997 are 
largely based on the proposals made by the assessors and the need to reinforce certain measures in the 
light of Community priorities (e.g. the territorial pacts for employment). Although the financial 
adjustments did not substantially alter the content of the CSF's strategic priorities (ECU 160 million 
from the Structural Funds reallocated), they nevertheless helped bring about structural changes whose 
impact will be visible only over the medium and long-term. 
The interim evaluation in southern Italy carried out by the national administration revealed 
shortcomings in programming, particularly in the quantified objectives (including those relating to 
employment). It also suggested rationalisation of the system of assistance to firms, imposing measures 
for on-going training and innovation and simplification of the project selection procedure, particularly 
in the case of the EAGGF Guidance Section. Most operational programmes were adjusted to increase 
absorption of appropriations while amendments during the CSF will be made in the light of the need 
to allocate unprogrammed appropriations to more effective items of assistance which meet priority 
criteria such as employment (particularly the territorial pacts for employment). 
In Portugal, the mid-term evaluation generally confirmed the priorities of the CSF and the finance 
allocated to them. The adjustments suggested for the mid-term examination concern four main 
guidelines: greater support for job-creation, more assistance for the environment, helping small firms 
and the introduction of new technologies, particularly those relating to the information society and 
small firms, and the completion of certain basic infrastructure. 
The interim evaluation report on Flevoland (Netherlands) drawn up in December 1997 stressed the 
need for the Funds to be better integrated in order to increase synergies between the various types of 
structural assistance. This recommendation was not adopted by the Monitoring Committee and the 
changes made to the programme are relatively minor. However, it should be noted that in December 
1996 adjustments were made, mainly to ESF measures, to increase assistance for employment. 
The evaluation carried out in 1997 in the three Objective 1 regions of the United Kingdom had a 
major impact on the reprogramming of assistance. The assessor put forward a range of possible 
options for Northern Ireland, including the zero option of no change which was the one adopted by 
the Monitoring Committee. Changes to the Merseyside SPD were based on the conclusions of the 
evaluation and the Commission's ideas on implementation of Structural Fund programmes up to the 
end of 1999. The results of the evaluation for Highlands and Islands will serve as a basis for the 
readjustments to be decided in 1998. 
The mid-term evaluations for Objective 6 provided useful information for programme adjustments. 
In Finland the report was discussed by the Monitoring Committee on 1 and 2 December 1997 and 
published in February 1998. It suggested transferring appropriations among measures to improve 
implementation. The mid-term examination has been completed, apart from the decision to include 
loans with interest subsidies in the programme. 
112 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
The evaluation report for Sweden was completed in October 1997 so that it could be used for 
reprogramming. The recommendations dealt mainly with the need to reduce the number of measures 
and simplify the administrative machinery for managing the Structural Funds. 
Evaluations confirmed that the programmes to develop human resources for Objective 1 were in line 
with the needs of the labour market. The results support the classic measures of training and aid for 
employment and considerable stress on young people and the short-term unemployed. The 
achievements of the programmes tend to confirm the results of the ex post evaluations of the previous 
period. Placement rates, the quality of integration into the labour market and progress in education 
and training were stressed. However, measures for human resources in the Objective 1 regions are 
most relevant at the level of systems. 
The interim evaluation of Objective 2 
Prior appraisal of the Objective 2 programmes for 1997-99 was described in the 8th Annual Report on 
the Structural Funds (1996), to which reference should be made. An evaluation of the Funds' impact 
on employment may be found at section 3.3 of this Report. With regard to ex post evaluation of the 
period 1994-96, programmes are being completed and an overall evaluation is now being prepared. 
The existing reports have not so far provided an overview of the situation. 
The interim evaluation of Objective 3 
The impact of Objective 3 is largely dependent on social and labour market policies in the various 
Member States. Objective 3 has not only permitted a reorientation of national or regional policies 
towards those threatened by unemployment but has also made innovations in the preparation of those 
measures. Training has predominated but there is a strong movement towards diversification and an 
integrated approach. Those threatened by long-term unemployment have benefited from the 
programmes to a satisfactory extent but greater concentration on the most vulnerable sections of the 
public and the longest term measures (as part of the pathway to integration) should be sought. 
Assessors noted over-implementation as far as young people are concerned and under-implementation 
for those excluded from the labour market but this may reflect the complex mechanisms for 
implementing assistance. 
The interim evaluation of Objective 4 
Objective 4, which has limited financial resources, has established a new concept. After a slow start 
in the first two years, ideas have emerged at national level. Innovative practices with regard to on­
going training have emerged ranging from on-going training entirely managed by the social partners 
in Spain to the introduction of on-going training in the smallest firms in Sweden. After three years, 
Objective 4 has demonstrated not only its potential for innovation as an instrument for adjusting 
training systems in response to industrial change but also its ability to reach out to small firms, which 
have not traditionally been involved in training. 
The interim evaluation of Objective 5(a) - agriculture 
The evaluation of measures under Objective 5(a) - agriculture in the Objective 1 regions is included in 
the evaluation of that Objective. Elsewhere, the SPDs and CSFs concerning Regulation (EC) No 
951/97 are being assessed by independent bodies. The results for some Member States have been 
submitted to the Monitoring Committees and discussed there while in other countries the work has not 
yet been completed. The recommendations made in some reports have resulted in fresh guidelines for 
the programmes concerned. Approaches to establish a systematic framework to evaluate measures 
under Objective 5(a) defined by Regulation (EC) No 950/97 will not begin until 1998. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 113 
The interim evaluation of Objective 5(a) - fisheries 
At the end of 1997, evaluations had been completed for six of the 12 FIFG programmes for Objective 
5(a) - fisheries, four others (Finland, France, Greece and the Netherlands) are in progress and two 
(Italy and Luxembourg) have not yet begun. 
An analysis and overall qualitative summary for all the programmes will be carried out in 1998 at the 
levels of the Community policies, programmes and measures or projects. 
The interim evaluation of Objective 5(b) 
Interim evaluations for most regions have been completed thanks to strenuous efforts by the partners 
during the first half of 1997. These confirm that the strategies in the programmes are still appropriate 
and the amounts allocated to the various measures adequate. Progress in 1997 was encouraging thanks 
to a speeding up of implementation in the Member States. This making up for lost time in 
implementation should continue thanks to amendments to programmes suggested by the interim 
evaluations, which revealed problems in monitoring systems and enabled regions to validate the 
results expected from the programmes. 
The Community Initiatives 
Since most of the Community Initiative were approved late, very few interim evaluations have so far 
been carried out. The examples of Leader, Employment and Adapt are set out below: 
• LEADER II 
The interim evaluation of the Leader II Community Initiative has begun and, in the case of some 
Objective 1 regions, the first reports completed. They cover 102 programmes, some at national and 
others at regional level, in the areas eligible under Objectives 1, 5(b) and 6. Reports are to be 
submitted by mid-1998. 
• EMPLOYMENT AND ADAPT 
The reports received so far are manly qualitative and still contain few quantified studies. However, 
they include the following topics: with regard to implementation, Community and national managing 
authorities have had to cope with the difficult preparatory phase of projects, the development and 
monitoring of transnational partnerships and the definition of the respective roles of the parties 
concerned. In most Member States, one of the aims of the interim evaluation, the production of 
practical recommendations for the second stage, has largely been achieved. However, it is still too 
early to make any real assessment of the impact of the Community Initiatives. 
3.2. THEMATIC AND HORIZONTAL EVALUATIONS 
The Commission began thematic evaluations in 1997 to obtain data for a critical assessment of three 
areas concerned by the Structural Funds. Furthermore, a specific evaluation of the partnership will 
provide a more accurate overview of whether this principle is being implemented effectively and 
permit comparisons of the experiences of different Member States or even regions. 
The main aims and content of each of these evaluations are set out below. The Member States and 
Parliament will be kept regularly informed about the main stages of progress in the work. The first 
results should be available towards mid-1998 while the Commission should have the final reports by 
the end of that year. 
114 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
Small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) 
This evaluation is of strategic importance because of the growing number of measures for small firms 
under the Structural Funds. It seeks to provide a detailed and systematic analysis of the contribution 
of the Structural Funds to small firms in the various Member States and in particular to evaluate, in 
the light of experience, the relevance of the strategies and the variety of instruments used (aid 
schemes, business services, global grants, etc.), the effectiveness of the procedures for management 
and implementation and the relative impact of the various types of measures involved. 
In view of the extent of the study, stress will be laid on a representative sample of programmes to be 
studied in depth on the basis of cases in all the Member States. This phase of field work will be 
supplemented by a survey of beneficiary small firms compared with a group of such firms receiving 
structural assistance but no aid (check sample). 
Research and technological development (R&TD) 
The aim of this thematic evaluation is to compare R&TD measures supported by the Structural Funds 
as a factor in the competitiveness of regions and, more broadly, from the viewpoint of regional 
development. Some of the themes have already been selected in order to make the evaluation useful: 
the relative effectiveness of R&TD measures, the nature of and links between research institutes and 
firms, particularly small firms, improving human capital, the performance and economic impact of 
R&TD measures, the impact of national policies, including from the viewpoints of finance and the 
spatial distribution of activities and links or synergies with other Community initiatives or policies 
(particularly framework research programmes). 
In view of the differences in the areas receiving structural assistance, it was thought better to 
distinguish two separate groups, regions eligible under Objectives 1 and 6 and areas eligible under 
Objective 2. From the viewpoint of the relevance of the strategic choices for R&TD, this is justified 
by the fact that the problems posed are different. 
In the regions whose development is lagging behind, the stress' is laid on technological disparities and 
the need to catch up by increasing locally-generated research capacity in order to affect long-term 
growth. Objective 6 is a special case because it is not identical to Objective 1 but contains elements of 
good practice for the exploitation of R&TD activities which could be transferable to other regions. 
By contrast, the declining industrial areas have greater need of innovation (rather than research 
capacity) and stronger links with the industrial system to revitalise their local economies. The 
conclusion of the studies will therefore be sharply different for the two types of area. 
This thematic evaluation will then be reinforced by more specific complementary evaluations in the 
area of the Business Innovation Centres (BICs) or under Article 10 of the ERDF Regulation 
(evaluation of regional technological plans and interim evaluation of the RIS). 
Environment 
If this evaluation (financed from budget heading B2-1600) is to be carried out, it will need appropriate 
tools in order to assess better, and in quantified fashion, the general and specific impact on the 
environment of structural assistance. This should clearly distinguish between assistance which has a 
direct (or intentional) impact on the environment (e.g. a treatment station) and that which has an 
indirect or secondary effect (e.g. the construction of a road). These impacts could be identified 
through the sectoral categories adopted in the Fifth Programme on the Environment. The lessons 
learned from a study of a representative sample of programmes will enable the evaluation to make a 
specific contribution to better ways of including environmental concerns in future programming and 
seeing where specific action is required. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 115 
The evaluation of the partnership 
This evaluation is intended to examine systematically the difficulties and conditions attendant on the 
implementation of a partnership which is effective and complies with the principle of subsidiarity and 
to make recommendations on a better division of responsibilities between the parties concerned. The 
study should take account of a number of specific features such as the nature of the forms of 
assistance and the variety of institutional systems. It will be organised in two stages: a survey of the 
administrative and institutional context and then the arrangements for programming and the 
management of structural assistance in each Member State. An evaluation of the implementation of 
practical partnerships and their effectiveness will permit verification of one of the principles 
underlying the operation of the Structural Funds. 
Ex post evaluation of Leader I 
The interim report, submitted in November 1997, includes the results of a survey of 217 local action 
groups (Lags), describing their composition, management methods and the activities they have 
developed in the various countries. This survey permitted a typology of the groups to be drawn up. 
Subsequently, 52 groups were selected for closer study, which concentrated on the impact of Leader 
at local level. Initial results show that, after a difficult start-up period, the groups were able to carry 
out the measures in their action plans which, although very local in scope, gave a substantial boost to 
the areas concerned. The report also covers the role of the regional, national and Community 
authorities «in implementing and managing the Initiative and also includes a study of the Leader 
network, underlining its beneficial effects. The final report, expected early in 1998, should cast fresh 
light on the impact of the* work of the local actions groups and expand the results of the information 
collected from the 52 groups selected. 
3.3. EVALUATING THE IMPACT ON EMPLOYMENT 
As a result of the extraordinary Luxembourg European Council on employment, evaluating the effects 
of structural assistance on employment is now a work priority. A number of estimates of the impact 
on employment have been made in recent years for various purposes. 
The example of Objective 2 
Available estimates show that, in the case of Objective 2 for example, there is a great variety in 
employment measures (expected or achieved) and the associated indicators of efficiency, depending 
on whether estimates are made in advance or retrospectively. 
Ex post estimates for 1989-93 suggest that some 450 000 net additional jobs were created, overall just 
over half the 850 000 or so gross jobs recorded. On average, every million ecus invested by the 
Structural Funds generated almost 140 gross jobs or 73 net jobs. The average cost per job created or 
maintained was, according to those estimates, about ECU 22 000 (ECU 41 700 per net job). 
The programmes for the whole of the current programming period (1994-99) contain prior estimates 
by the Member States. The volume of jobs created rose from 650 000 in 1994-96 to 880 000 in 1997-
99 while efficiency indicators, particularly the average cost per job, remained virtually unchanged. 
However, it should be noted that estimates concerning current programmes relate only to measures 
whose impact on employment was quantified. These account for about two thirds of the cost of 
assistance. 
The discrepancies noted may be due to the growth of the Structural Funds between the two periods, 
partly because of the transfer of appropriations between programmes and some reorientation of 
assistance towards the productive sector to promote employment. However, these data should be 
treated with caution since there is no uniform breakdown of measures by category or comparable 
116 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
basis of calculation. Because of these objective limitations, estimates do not permit final conclusions 
about the effectiveness and efficiency of assistance in terms of job creation. 
Estimated impact on employment of assistance under Objective 2 (1994-99) 
I 1994.96* I 1997.99** 
prior prior 
No of gross jobs created or maintained ('000) 650 880 
No of jobs per ECU million invested (Structural Funds) 93,1 96,2 
Average cost per job created or maintained (ECU) 10.730 10.400 
* Overall estimates based on data in the SPDs (CSF/OPs in the case of Spain), 
including Sweden and Austria for 1994-99 
** Estimates provided by the Member States in the SPDs (CSFs/OPs in the case of Spain) 
only on the basis of measures whose impact on types of jobs has been estimated 
In order to produce more reliable estimates of the impact on employment - particularly in areas where 
it is difficult to make macro-economic estimates - a methodological approach was proposed and 
published as Means paper No 5 "Measuring job creation." A more accurate evaluation and 
comparison of the real impact on employment requires an estimate of the net impact on employment 
based on the gross impact (overall impact declared by beneficiaries), with due regard to the windfall 
effects (benefits which would have been secured in any case) and displacement effects (effects on 
employment which result in job losses even within the target area) and indirect effects. In order to 
make these estimates more rigorous, a distinction should also be made, wherever possible, between 
jobs maintained or altered (those which would have been lost without assistance) and new or 
additional jobs arising from assistance. 
Example of the application of the method (actual case) 
Measure Support for small firms 
Total expenditure ECU 180 million Or about 15% of total expenditure under the programme 
ERDF ECU 70 million Or over 35% of total expencfiture on the measure 
Ftesult 12 000 small firms In the previous programme, ECU 75 million was allocated to this 
assisted measure and monitoring data have confirmed that 15 000 small firms 
were assisted 
Gross effect on 9.000 Monitoring data show that on average 75% of small firms assisted 
employment stated that they had created or maintained one full-time equivalent job 
Windfall effect -1.800 Evaluation data confirmed that 20% of assistance to small firms had no 
effect, that is that one firm assisted in five would have acted in the 
same way without ERDF support 
Displacement effect -2.700 Evaluation data show that 30% of the impact of this type of asssitance 
on employrnent simply moves jobs from other parts of the area 
covered by the programme. 
Net effect on employment | 4.500 
This method seeks to create a common system of evaluating the impact on employment while seeking 
to improve quantification of the employment objectives expected from the programme. 
European assistance for employment 
In June 1997 the Commission launched a European competition for employment intended to identify 
projects part-financed by the Structural Funds which had most effectively contributed to creating 
lasting jobs in the Objective 2 areas. This competition was open to all measures supported by the 
ERDF or the ESF since 1989. 85 applications to participate were received, of which 82 related to an 
average of 5 000 jobs created. In all, these measures related to investment totalling some ECU 180 
million and resulting in the creation of 38 000 jobs. Allocations to these projects from the Structural 
Funds ranged from ECU 32 000 to ECU 43 million. The Commission carried out a preliminary 
9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 117_ J^\ 
evaluation of the measures which were sent for a group of independent experts to examine. The ten 
best measures were selected in February 1998 using the following criteria: net job creation, quality 
and durability of jobs, degree of difficulty experienced by the target groups in generating or finding 
jobs, degree of involvement of the local authorities and the originality and transferability of the 
measures carried out. 
The "winning" measures were announced at a conference which was held in Brussels in April 1998. 
The lessons drawn form this experience were presented to an audience of local authorities and 
experts. Those responsible for the best measures were invited to share their approach and the results 
obtained in the other Objective 2 areas. 
3.4. THE METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EVALUATION 
A main priority for evaluation is the consolidation of the methods and instruments developed so far to 
provide better support for this work at Community level. Here the stress has lain on the preparation of 
methodological guides, particularly under the Means programme, and some measures for information 
and technical assistance. 
The Means programme 
The work of the Means (Méthode d'évaluation des actions à nature structurelle - method of evaluating 
structural measures) programme in 1997 concentrated on three main areas. The first sought to 
complement sectoral and thematic applications and resulted in three documents on the impact of 
structural assistance on employment, the environment and equal opportunities. The second covers the 
completion of a complete compendium of methodological guides by collecting in a coherent series the 
main areas of evaluation in the field of structural assistance and the third looks at methods for sharing 
know-how and work on training officials in evaluation. Mention should also be made of the extended 
distribution of the Means bulletin to assessors involved in the interim evaluations carried out by the 
Member States. 
Technical assistance measures 
Two main measures were launched to refine the specific instruments adapted to the evaluation of 
major investment projects. A new version of the costs/benefits guide was published to take account of 
the differences in kind between types of project and sectors of assistance. As a complement to this, 
another guide on the key factors in the costs of major infrastructure projects is being prepared. This 
work is of particular interest for programme managers in that they will be able to judge the efficiency 
of a project using objective and comparable criteria. 
i 
A data base on interim evaluations has been established to facilitate the management of evaluation 
work. There is also a broader base of evaluation reports which is updated regularly. 
The institutional framework 
The dialogue with the Member States continued at two meetings in 1997 of the technical group on 
evaluation. The subjects covered there included the completion of interim evaluations and the 
beginning of thematic evaluations. In general, the representatives of the Member States supported the 
Commission's initiatives while wishing to be kept regularly informed about the progress of work. 
xiqJSo 
CHAPTER4: 
BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION, FINANCIAL CHECKS AND VERIFICATION OF 
ADDITIONALITY 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 121 
4.1. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FUNDS IN 1997 - ALL PROGRAMMING PERIODS 
The aim of this section is to look at budget implementation in 1997 as a whole and in terms of both 
the current programming period (1994-97) and previous periods. 
In the table below, the sources of the appropriations implemented in 1997 are divided into those 
newly entered in the budget and those carried over from 1996. 
Source and implementation of commitment appropriations in 1997 (ECU million) 
I CSF CSF CSF CSF CamunJty Transition* Anti-fraud Impie- former TOTAL 
ERDF ESF EAGGF RFG Initiatives measure» measures mentation GCR 
Irrtial budget 12.989,70 7.639,10 4.026.10 490.65 3-73,40 297,30 0,75 3,00 - 28.720,00 
Tr_Tsferofapprcpn_cns 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 -100,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 - -100,00 
MierrfkigarKl supplementary budget 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 • 0,00 
^appropriations 1997 12.989,70 7.639,10 4.026,10 490,65 3.173,40 297,30 0.75 3,00 - 28.620,00 
Apaoprialkxœ reconstituted 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 - 0,00 
Appropriations carried over 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 p_» _65 0_» 0,00 - 4,68 
Appropriations available 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 000 000 0,00 0,00 • 0,00 
eypfopnalionsdisponbles- 12.989,70 7.639,10 4.026.10 490,65 3173,40 301,96 0,75 3,00 - 28.624.6i 
Implementation 12983,14 7.639,10 4.026,10 368,97 1.949,12 262,05 0,75 1.57 - 27.230.7S 
Implementalion rate 100% 100% 100% 75% 61% 87% 100% 52% - 96% 
Aprjroprtata» not incremented 6,56 0,00 0,00 121,68 1.224,28 39,90 0,00 1,43 • 1.393,8i 
Approprialions carted ever to 1998 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0,00 • 0,00 
DecomrTitments exdudng appropriations reconstituted 90,18 372,81 77,23 56,62 83,49 29,53 0,03 0,00 7,56 717,45 
AppropriatkïK entered in budr^fcffJure years 927 0,00 19,09 122,41 1.229,90 50,69 0,03 1,43 0,00 1.432,82 
Oeconrritments | 90,18 478,22 77,23 56,62 97,00 29,53 0,03 0,00 7,56 836,37 
•ExduoïrigEœ 325 rr*icflavaiatte fa reuse f 
budget heading 82-1830, ECU 2 041 carried over and available fa reuse (Chapter B2-18) B2-1810 
By contrast with the situation in previous years, only a small quantity of appropriations (ECU 4.65 
million) was carried over from 1996 to 1997 and no appropriations were reconstituted. Commitments 
excluding carryovers and appropriations reconstituted were therefore practically identical to total 
commitments: ECU 27 226 million and ECU 27 231 million respectively. The overall implementation 
rate for commitments from all Funds in 1997 was 95% (98% in 1996). This fall is mainly due to the 
Community Initiatives, where implementation of commitments over the year was weak (61%). 
Although the rate for some Community Initiatives (Konver, the Integra and Horizon strands of 
Employment) approached or reached 100%, the rate for others was poor (Peace: 33%, Pesca: 30%, 
Adapt: 38%, the Now strand of Employment: 32%). 
In all, ECU 1 393.85 million in commitments (5% of the appropriations available) and ECU 306 
million in payments (1.3%) were not implemented. Of the ECU 1 393.85 in commitments not 
implemented, ECU 1 224 million (88%) concerned the Community Initiatives. If they are excluded, 
the implementation rate for commitments is 99.3%. 
The ECU 100 million in commitment appropriations transferred from the Community Initiatives are 
the result of a negative reserve established early in 1997 to provide an extra ECU 50 million each for 
Rechar and Retex, as desired by Parliament. This negative reserve was eliminated during the year by 
contributions from certain Community Initiatives: ECU 40 million from Interreg II, ECU 20 million 
from Adapt and ECU 40 million from Leader II. 
122 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
Commitments in 1997 (excluding decommitments and carryovers - ECU million) 
Total available 
Total implemented 
% 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
FIFG 
Other 
% TOTAL 
28.616,25 
27.223,83 
95,1?/. 
14385,65 
8.311,07 
4132,42 
394,69 
0,00 
100% % 
100% 
53% 
31% 
15% 
1% 
0% 
-CSF 
Obj.1 
17.038,83 
17.015,65 
100% 
10.069,90 
4.058,77 
2578.66 
308,33 
63% Obj.2 
2901.88 
1901,88 
100% 
2198,54 
703,33 
11% Obj.3 
220291 
2.202,91 
100% 
220291 
8% Ofoj.4 
476,92 
476,92 
100% 
476,92 
2% Obj.5(a) 
1.138,67 
1.033,74 
91% 
974,67 
59,08 
4% Obj.5(b) 
1.248,40 
1.248,40 
100% 
658,57 
168,35 
421,48 
5% Obj.6 
137,95 
137,82 
100% 
56.13 
28,82 
51,30 
1,57 
1% Total 
CSF 
25.145,55 
25.017,31 
99% 
12983,14 
7.639.10 
4.026,10 
368,97 
0,00 
92% immunity 
Initiatives 
3.173,40 
1.949,12 
61% 
1.231.88 
611,58 
100,60 
5,05 
7% Transitional 
measures 
297,30 
257,40 
87% 
170,63 
60,39 
5,72 
20,66 
1% 
The rate of implementation of commitments under the CSFs was 100% for all Objectives except 
Objective 5(a) (91%). This figure is the result of the fact that Objective 5(a) fisheries could commit 
only 36% because some Member States (Germany, France, Netherlands, Denmark and the United 
Kingdom) did not reach the threshold to permit commitment of the 1997 instalment. However, this 
had little effect on the overall level of implementation of the Funds (99%). It should be noted that the 
implementation of commitments for innovative measures and technical assistance was considerably 
higher at 87% as compared with 54% in 1996. 
Payments in 1997 (excluding carryovers - ECU million) 
Total available 
Total implemented 
% 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
FIFG 
Other 
% TOTAL 
2191493 
23.611,51 
96173% 
12722,33 
6.717,37 
1669,24 
502,58 
0,00 
100% •/. 
100% 
54% 
28% 
16% 
2% 
0% CSF 
Cbj.1 
14.103,24 
14102,62 
100% 
8.295,70 
3.335.01 
2.131,91 
340.00 
60% Obi. 2 
3.177,63 
3.177,19 
100% 
2.683,56 
493.63 
13% Obj.3 
1.784,01 
1.78401 
100% 
1.784,01 
8% Cbj.4 
375,23 
375,23 
100% 
375,23 
2% Obj.5(a) 
1.153,25 
1.153,25 
100% 
1.007,35 
145,89 
5% Obj.5(b) 
1.029,89 
1.029,77 
100% 
488,38 
135,01 
406,36 
4% Obj.6 
109,66 
109,65 
100% 
53,78 
20,52 
34,36 
1,00 
0% Total 
CSF 
21.732.9C 
21.731,73 
100% 
11.521.44 
6.143.4C 
3580.0C 
486.8S 
0,00 
92% Community 
Initiatives 
1.858,64 
1.677,32 
90% 
1.064,06 
529,78 
81,75 
1,73 
7% Transitional 
measures 
265,30 
172,10 
65% 
107,33 
44,18 
7.49 
13,10 
1% Fewer 
GDR 
56,09 
30,36 
52% 
29,50 
0,86 
0% 
All the Objectives implemented payments under the CSFs in full, a much better result than that 
achieved in 1996 when only two objectives were implemented in full. By contrast with commitments, 
payments under the Community Initiatives increased from 80% in 1996 to 90% of available 
appropriations. 
This clear improvement in payments in 1997 reflects some speeding up in implementation on the 
ground. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 123 
Payments in 1997 for assistance preceding the current programming period (including 
carryovers - ECU million) 
<1994 
1989-93 
B 
DK 
D 
EL 
E 
F 
IRL 
I 
L 
NL 
P 
UK 
Gomm. Objective 1 
ERDF 
419,30 
394,12 
36,39 (1) 
127,56 
58,07 
10,89 
151,39 
0,35 
9,28 
0,19 ESF 
120,19 
120,19 
3,93 (1) 
4,46 
111,27 
0.52 EAGGF 
34,01 
34,01 
2,80 
1,91 
1,44 
25,54 
2,33 Fisheries 
27,80 
27,80 
0,12 
0,03 
1,28(1) 
3,22 
3,34 
2,15 
0,44 
10,97 
0,27 
5,60 
0,38 Total 
576,12 
576,12 
0,12 
0,03 
41,60 (-1) 
133,58 
67,78 
2,15 
12,77 
299,17 
0,27 
8,81 
9,66 
0,19 Objective 2 
ERDF 
117,30 
117,30 
4,37 
8,45 
25,33 
15,43 
35,52 
4,73 
23,47 ESF 
7,41j 
7,41 
7,41 Total 
124,71 
124,71 
4,37 
8,45 
25,33 
15,43 
42,93 
4,73 
23,47 Obj.3 
ESF 
91,68 
91,68 
37,97 
7,46 
46,26 Objective 5(a) 
EAGGF 
11,32 
11,32 
1,89 
0,77 
8,66 Fisheries 
3,66 
3,66 
3,66 Total 
14,98 
14,98 
1,89 
0,77 
3,66 
8,66 
<1994 
1989-93 
B 
DK 
D 
EL 
E 
F 
IRL 
I 
L 
NL 
P 
LK 
Comm Objective 5(b) 
ERDF 
21,07 
21,07 
5*97 
10,62 
4,48 ESF 
3,16 
3,16 
0,15 
2,00 
1,01 EAGGF 
38,76 
38,76 
0,82 
1,44 
0,06 
' 35,68 
0,76 Total 
63,00 
63,00 
0,82 
1,59 
5,97 
12,69 
36,69 
0,76 
4,48 Community Initiatives 
ERDF 
164,53 
164,53 
3,17 
0,87 
12,01 
40,05 
11,89 
20,90 
0,40 
36,09 
0,43 
5,58 
5,42 
27,71 ESF 
12,84j 
12,84 
0,02 
0,28 
4,15 
6,27 
1,39 
0,58 
0,15 EAGGF 
10,22 
10,22 
0,18 
7,73 
0,94 
1,35 
0,03 Total 
187,59 
187,59 
3.37 
0,87 
12,29 
51,92 
12,83 
27,17 
1,74 
37,48 
1,02 
5,76 
5,42 
27,71 TOTAL (2 
ERDF 
722,21 
697,03 
7,54 
0,87 
56,86 
167,61 
101,26 
46,95 
11,29 
223,01 
5,16 
5,93 
42,65 
27,91 ESF 
235,28 
235,28 
0,02 
42,32 
4,15 
4,46 
15,73 
167,34 
0,58 
0,67 EAGGF 
94,31 
94,31 
2,89 
2,21 
10,52 
2.84 
0,06 
2,78 
69,88 
0,76 
2,37 Fisheries 
31,46 
31,46 
0,12 
0,03 
1,28 
3,22 
3,34 
5,82 
0,44 
10,97 
0,27 
5,60 
0,38 Total 
1.083,26 
1.058,09 
10,57 
0,91 
102,67 
185,50 
111,91 
68,56 
14,51 
471,20 
0,76 
6,01 
14,57 
43,03 
27,91 
(1) Including former GDR (budget heading B2-1900). 
(2) No payments were made under Objective 4. 
A considerable volume of payments in 1997 concerned assistance decided on before 1994. The total 
amount was ECU 1 083 million (5% of total payments made in 1997), of which 98% related to 
commitments made in 1989-93. It should be noted that 40% of these payments concerned Italy, and in 
particular Objective 1, where programmes had been subject to serious delays. These payments reflect 
the closure of programmes for the first programming period. 
The outstanding appropriations relating to the first programming period (1989-93) account for 12% of 
all outstanding appropriations at the end of 1997 (19% at the end of 1996). This reduction is the result 
of the closure of a very large number of programmes in 1997 leading to the settlement of related 
commitments and the decommitment of ECU 680 million for programmes for that period. 
The share of each Fund in the appropriations outstanding at the end of 1997, which is the same as in 
the previous year, was as follows: ERDF: 55.4%, ESF: 27.9%, EAGGF Guidance Section: 15.1%, 
FIFG: 1.6%. 
124 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
Outstanding appropriations at 31 December 1997 (ECU million) 
Total 
outstanding 
end 1997 
(A+B+Q 
1997 
appropriations 
outstanding 
(A) 
1994-96 
appropriations 
outstanding 
m 
pre-1994 
appropriations 
outstandng 
(Q ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
FIFG 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
FIFG 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
FIFG 
ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
FIFG Obj.1 
16.739,01 
I0.589,6c> 
3.415,30 
2.452,59 
281,46 
10.957,07 
6.552,90 
2.311,44 
1.941,72 
151,01 
3.767,29 
2.765,81 
614,36 
324,46 
62,66 
2.014,66 
1.270,95 
489,51 
186,41 
67,79 Obj.2 
3.248,07 
2.639.66 
608,41 
1.648,00 
1.262,50 
385,51 
1.177,06 
972,32 
204,74 
423,01 
404,84 
18,17 Obj.3 
2.348,77 
2.348,77 
1.609,72 
1.609,72 
650,58 
650,58 
88,46 
88,46 Obj.4 
419,06 
419,06 
305,78 
305,78 
113,28 
11328 
0,00 
0,00 0bj.5(a) 
930,46 
813,56 
116,90 
646,32 
613,66 
32.66 
210,30 
127,04 
83^6 
73,84 
72,87 
0.98 obi. m 
1.154,10 
544,54 
150,39 
459,17 
719,46 
361,04 
89,37 
269,06 
232,38 
83,42 
38,28 
110,68 
20226 
100.08 
22,73 
79,45 Obj.6 
128,64 
48,26 
30,27 
48,82 
1,29 
107,70 
37,79 
24,58 
44,34 
0,99 
20,94 
10,47 
5,70 
4,48 
0,29 
0,00 
-Total 
CSF 
24968,11 
13822,11 
6.972,20 
3774,15 
399,65 
15.994,05 
8.21422 
4.726,39 
2.868,77 
184,67 
6.171,83 
3.832,03 
1.626,94 
566,65 
146.21 
2802^3 
1.775,87 
618,87 
338,73 
68,77 a 
3.941,38 
1.156,45 
2331,63 
453,30 Transl-
tional 
measures 
425,76 
176,43 
128,35 
120,98 Former 
GDR TOTAL 
end 1997 
82,85 29.418,09 
0,00 
0,00 
8285 17.326,93 
8.631,81 
3.459,36 % 
100% 
59% 
29% 
12% 
Outstanding appropriations at 31 December 1997 amounted to ECU 29 418 million as compared with 
ECU 26 654 million in 1996. Although the amount outstanding grew by 10.3% from 1993 to 1997, 
the annual rate of increase declined between 1994 and 1997 despite a substantial increase in 
commitment appropriations over that period. 
Changes in outstanding appropriations (ECU million) 
(Current prices) 
Total outstanding 
(A+B+C) 
Annual change 
Appropriations for the year 
outstanding (A) 
Annual change 
Appropriations for 1994-year* 
outstanding (B)* 
Annual change 
Pre-1994 appropriations 
outstanding (C) 
Annual change TOTAL 
end 1997 
29.418,09 % 
100% 
+10% 
17.326,93 59% 
+16% 
8.631,81 29% 
+33% 
3.459,36 12% 
-33% TOTAL 
end 1996 
26.640,43 % 
100% 
+13% 
14.997,37 56% 
+25% 
6.503,17 24% 
+68% 
5.139,90 19% 
-33% TOTAL 
end 1995 
23.529,46 % 
100% 
+22% 
12.030,77 51% 
+34% 
3.880,02 16% 
-
7.618,68 32% 
-26% TOTAL 
end 1994 
19.324,88 % 
100% 
-
9.009,96 47% 
-
- 0% 
-
10.315,101 53% 
-
* Appropriations from 1994 to year preceding that of the report 
Implementation of the Funds and financial perspective ("Edinburgh" programming) 
A very marked improvement year on year is bringing budget implementation more closely into line 
with the financial perspective set by the Edinburgh European Council in 1992 under which 39% of 
total commitment appropriations for 1994-99 were to be implemented in the last two years, i.e. 1998 
and 1999. Actual implementation at 31 December 1997 showed that 41% of commitment 
appropriations for the period would be to implement in the last two years. This means that the 
difference from estimates is only two percentage points, which may be regarded as satisfactory. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 125 
Comparison between "Edinburgh1 
programming and outturn 
(ECU billion, at current prie») 
• Edinburgh 
D Implementation 
1994 1995 1996 1997 
For the first time in this period, payment appropriations (with the exception of the Community 
Initiatives) were fully implemented. In this sense, 1997 is an important turning point in the 
development of the budget as compared with previous years because the increase in outstanding 
appropriations is no longer simply a result of programme management but also partly a consequence 
of a deliberate decision to restrict payments. 
4.2. ON-THE-SPOT CHECKS CARRIED OUT BY THE FUNDS, FINANCIAL CONTROL 
AND THE ANTI-FRAUD UNIT 
The checks carried out by the Commission form part of its SEM 2000 (Sound and Efficient 
Management) initiative. The new measures taken under the Structural Funds in 1997 specify the 
nature of these checks, particularly on eligible expenditure, the standards to be met by the Member 
States and the application of net financial corrections (see section 1.2.4). 
• THE ERDF 
In 1997 43 on-the-spot checks were carried out to establish the existence and effectiveness of systems 
for the monitoring and checking of programmes and the reliability of information sent to the 
Commission (particularly certificates of expenditure). These checks also sought to establish the 
correct use of ERDF funds. 
The checks detected certain irregularities, some specific and others, which affect the reliability of the 
certificates of expenditure on which the Commission bases the advances paid to Member States, 
systematic, and so indicative of the weakness of certain internal audit procedures in the Member 
States. Certificates of expenditure sometimes include items not eligible under the ERDF (for example, 
the salaries or expenses of officials in ministries or other public bodies) and expenditure stated to 
have been incurred sometimes includes estimates of future expenditure. Certificates of expenditure 
are sometimes sent to the Commission without adequate internal checks, which may result in formal 
irregularities. Furthermore, in certain regions, Community rules on public procurement are not always 
respected and the progress of programming is not always monitored with sufficient care. 
Following these checks, the Commission takes the steps required to monitor and correct the 
irregularities detected. (Correction usually involves deduction of the amount considered ineligible 
from the statement of expenditure by the Member State for the programme concerned. In 1997 this 
procedure provided particularly difficult to manage and demanding on staff. 
• THE ESF 
In 1997 the Commission carried out 86 missions to check on the use of assistance from the ESF. They 
were based on the annual programme agreed in partnership with the Member States in 1996. In 
addition to the missions planned in the annual programme, other checks were carried out in the 
context of joint missions with Financial Control and the anti-fraud unit. They were based on checks 
on systems for the management of funds and compliance checks. The main results of the checks in 
1997 reveal that there are still some failures in publicity and that the systems introduced by the 
Member States to manage finance from the ESF are often inadequate to meet the needs of the 
/ 26 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (199 7) 
Commission (delays in payment by national administrations, method used for the declaration of costs, 
retrospective acceptance of training courses, etc.). Furthermore, national administrations do not 
always give beneficiaries clear guidelines on the application of Commission rules on part-financing 
and public procurement. The problems with regard to the eligibility of expenditure concern 
principally, sub-contracting, general costs and equipment (through writing-off). Although the Member 
States have made an effort to introduce checking systems, they require more resources and more on-
the-spot checks should be made. These checks resulted in application of Article 24 of the 
Coordination Regulation (reduction, suspension or cancellation of assistance) with one of two 
outcomes. Either the Member States agreed to correct the certificate of expenditure themselves, so 
reducing the financial contribution, or the Commission took a decision. Most decisions concerned the 
suspension of funding (a judicial enquiry in the case of the CSF for 1989-93), the remainder a 
reduction in the ESF contribution. 
These programmes are discussed beforehand with the national inspections authorities in co-ordination 
meetings. This co-ordination (Member State, DG V and DG XX) is aimed to increase efficiency at the 
control level. 
• EAGGF GUIDANCE SECTION 
During 1997 28 inspection visits were made to check the use made of EAGGF Guidance Section 
appropriations managed by the Member States. Most were organised by the departments responsible 
for the EAGGF, others by the Commission's Financial Control or the anti-fraud unit. Their main aims 
were to assess the management and audit systems used, check the conformity of the financial and 
accounting reports and actual implementation with Community rules, the decisions to grant assistance 
and the expenditure declared to the EAGGF Guidance Section. 
Some types of irregularity were detected in many Member States and many measures. These included 
non-compliance with Community rules on public procurement, the granting of aid for expenditure 
which, by virtue of its nature or date of payment, was ineligible, substantial delays in making 
payments to beneficiaries, the lack of publicity and information on part-financing by the EAGGF 
Guidance Section, inadequate checks, incorrect use of conversion rates, overlapping of funds from 
different Community sources for the same items of assistance and some commitments entered into 
before the end of the prescribed period. 
In one case, the Commission had to undertake a partial recovery of assistance from the EAGGF 
Guidance Section for 1988-92. Particular attention was paid to appropriations managed under the 
Commission's initiative (Article 8 of Regulation (EEC) No 4256/88) and a comparatively large 
number of inspections was carried out. 
• THE FIFG 
The departments responsible for the FIFG undertook three inspections, in Italy, Portugal and Spain. 
Although the findings were generally satisfactory, the number of missions carried out cannot be 
considered adequate. Programming for 1998 includes at least one inspection mission to most countries 
receiving assistance from the FIFG. 
In Italy problems were found with one firm, which appealed to the European Court of Justice even 
before the Commission had taken its official decision. 
Inspections by the Commission's Financial Control 
During 1997 the Commission's Financial Control undertook 62 missions on-the-spot jointly with the 
Funds concerned. The programmes concerned were ESF: 31, ERDF: 20, EAGGF Guidance Section: 
10 and FIFG: 1. These missions concerned all the Objectives and some Community Initiatives (Pesca, 
Leader II, Urban) and innovative measures. The Financial Control missions included the audit of the 
management and inspection systems established by the Member States as well as the financial 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 127 
position of the programmes themselves. On-the-spot inspections were undertaken in all the Member 
States and ranged from two in Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Luxembourg and Austria to nine in Greece. 
The missions carried out were selected using risk analysis and carried out in accordance with the 
protocols signed by the Commission's Financial Control and its national counterparts and 
coordination meetings with the national audit authorities. At these meetings, action to be taken as a 
result of inspections by the Commission, national authorities or the Court of Auditors was discussed. 
Virtually all the inspections revealed shortcomings in the EAGGF and the FIFG. These included 
weaknesses in the management and audit systems, the financing of ineligible expenditure (e.g. the 
salaries of permanent officials), unauthorised deductions and administrative errors resulting in the 
over-estimation of expenditure declared to the Commission. It also appeared that operational 
programmes were often being implemented slowly or inadequately. 
The following problems were detected with the ESF: failure to comply with the three-month period 
for making appropriations available, applications for the balance based on payment of advances rather 
than on actual costs, failure to respect the annual nature of the budget, the lack of clear guidelines on 
selection procedures and criteria, the existence of flat-rate payments and failure to comply with the 
separation of management and audit functions by the designated authority. 
On-the-spot inspections of the ERDF detected some irregularities and weaknesses in the management 
and inspection systems of the Member States. Reconstruction of the audit trail and the identification 
of expenditure declared to the Commission sometimes encountered some difficulties. 
Community rules (public procurement, publicity, conversion of expenditure into ecus) were not 
always respected. Final beneficiaries did not always receive the whole of their grants because of 
deductions by intermediary bodies. In some cases, the expenditure declared by final beneficiaries 
included forecasts of expenditure. It was also found that the checks carried out by the responsible 
authorities had not always been as effective as required. 
Enquiries by the anti-fraud unit 
In 1997 the Commission's anti-fraud unit launched 58 new enquiries into fraud or suspected fraud 
relating to structural measures and undertook 52 inspections concerning such measures, either alone 
or in association with the departments concerned. Of these inspections, 17 concerned the ERDF, 20 
the ESF, 13 the EAGGF Guidance Section and two concerned an enquiry already in progress into the 
FIFG. 
A large number of these enquiries (22) concerned pilot and demonstration projects financed under 
Article 8 of Regulation (EEC) No 4256/88 covering finance for individual projects under the EAGGF 
Guidance Section (section 2.1.9). 
In 17 cases relating to the EAGGF Guidance Section, the Commission notified the judicial authorities 
of three Member States so that they could continue and extend the enquiries. So far, investigations 
have revealed weaknesses in the selection and the management and audit of these projects. However, 
in 1997 new measures to improve the management and audit of the Funds should reduce these 
shortcomings: clear rules on expenditure eligible under the Structural Funds, adoption of a 
Regulation1 laying down the rules which the Member States must observe in this area and guidelines 
on the application of net financial corrections (see section 1.2.4). 
Furthermore, in 1997 the Member States notified to the Commission under Regulation (EC) No 
1681/942 of 307 cases of irregularity or fraud (EAGGF Guidance Section: 100, ESF: 123, ERDF: 79, 
1 Regulation (EC) No 2064/97 of 15 October 1997. 
2 OJL 178, 12.7.1994. 
128 ^ 9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
FIFG: 5) involving ECU 55.9 million (EAGGF Guidance Section: ECU 5.6, ESF: ECU 21.2 million, 
ERDF: ECU 28.5 million, FIFG: ECU 600 000).3 
These figures show that the number of irregularities detected and the amounts involved are increasing, 
thanks to better checks by the Member States. However, national authorities find it difficult to comply 
with Article 5 of Regulation (EC) No 1681/94, under which they are required to notify the 
Commission in each case of the action taken following detection of these irregularities (corrections, 
recovery, proceedings, no further action, etc.). There is therefore a risk that the cases notified may 
include some cases already closed about which the Commission has not been told. 
4.3. THE VERIFICATION OF ADDITIONALITY 
Work has continued both to resolve the outstanding problems mentioned in the 1996 Annual report 
and to monitor the ongoing respect of the principle of additionality. References below to 
methodological or presentational problems should not be taken to mean automatically that the 
principle of additionality is not being respected. 
For Objective 1, which accounts for almost 70% of total EU structural aid, updated tables have been 
received in respect of nine of the eleven eligible regions or Member States (Spain, Greece, Ireland, 
Portugal, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, UK and Austria). In two cases, Italy and Germany, the updates 
suggest that the public spending targets set in the programming documents were too optimistic in the 
assumptions on economic growth and the authorities of these two countries have provided arguments 
to support their situation. A further problem in the Italian case is that no data are available beyond 
1996. Methodological problems have still to be resolved for Greece, in particular incompatibility 
between methodologies used for the previous and the present programming period. The Commission 
has requested supplementary information from Spain on the additionality tables which has not yet 
been supplied. In the case of Austria there are problems of presentation which need to be resolved. 
In the case of Objective 2, the ex-ante assessments for 1997/1999 which were still underway in 1996 
have been completed and are satisfactory in all but two cases. For France there are methodological 
problems which will need to be resolved before further payments can be made while for Luxembourg 
the methodological problems have now been resolved and it is expected that the Luxembourg 
authorities will soon supply figures enabling the Commission to resume payments. Payments to these 
two countries remain blocked because of the "suspensive clauses" inserted in the Objective 2 
programming documents in cases where inadequate information was supplied for the ex-ante 
assessment. Other Member States were also subject to these clauses but have since supplied the 
required information. 
In the context of the on-going monitoring of additionality under Objective 2, the majority of the 
twelve eligible Member States have provided updated figures. In addition to France and Luxembourg 
no update has been received from Denmark. There are still unresolved problems in the updates for 
Austria and Spain (see Objective 1 above). 
For Objective 5b the ongoing monitoring is still patchy. The main reason for the delays in providing 
updates is that gathering figures for these, often very small, areas runs into serious methodological 
difficulties. Of the twelve Member States concerned seven (Germany, Spain, Netherlands, UK, 
Austria, Sweden and Finland) have supplied updated figures while Italy is still in the process of 
finalising the methodology and has only provided unofficial figures. Here again there are problems 
with Austria and Spain (see Objective 1 above). 
In respect of Objective 6 only Sweden has supplied updated figures. 
3 Figures relate to the first, second and third quarters of 1997. 
CHAPTERS: 
COORDINATION WITH OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 131 
The Council Regulation coordinating the Structural Funds (EEC) No 20^3/93 stipulates that the 
Commission must ensure coordination and consistency between the Funds and assistance from the 
other financial instruments such as the Cohesion Fund, the European Investment Bank, the European 
Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and other operations with a structural purpose. Coordination is to 
be achieved without compromising the aims of the other instruments. 
5.1. COHESION FUND 
The Cohesion Fund obviously serves the goal of economic and social cohesion, providing assistance 
in tandem with the Structural Funds. The Cohesion Fund Regulation stipulates that it may contribute 
to financing project stages that are financially and technically independent. The Regulation also 
stipulates that no expenditure can simultaneously qualify for aid from the Cohesion and Structural 
Funds, the reason being that the Cohesion Fund must be able to fund one or more stages of an overall 
project alongside the ERDF, since combining the available financial instruments helps to maximise 
their funding impact and speeds up the completion of trans-European transport and energy networks 
in particular. This option of staging projects requires close cooperation between the financial 
instruments. Thorough physical and financial monitoring of the projects is a necessary precondition 
for achieving this. 
To avoid any overlap between Community assistance from different sources, stages that can be 
identified separately are defined using physical indicators. Those responsible for managing the 
Cohesion Fund regularly organise inter-departmental meetings with the other financial instruments, 
the ERDF in particular, to ensure the best coordination possible. It goes without saying that the 
administrative burden in managing projects divided into stages is more complicated than for separate, 
whole projects. 
5.2. THE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK 
In 1997 EIB lending increased by 12.6% over 1996 (as against a rate of increase of 8.4% in 1996, 
7.5% in 1995 and 1.6% in 1994). The volume of loans contracted in 1997 in the Community reached 
ECU 23 billion as against ECU 21 billion in 1996 (up 9.6%). Loans were granted for projects in all 
the Member States, including Austria, Sweden and Finland, where lending operations have got off to 
a strong start. Assistance increased strongly for trans-European networks, industry and services, 
mobile phone systems. Performance differed quite markedly from one Member State to another when 
compared with the previous year: there was a strong upswing in the United Kingdom and Belgium. 
The EIB and small businesses 
The EEB has supported small firms for many years now through global grants. In 1997 ECU 2 486 
million was granted for productive investment in 13 000 small businesses, two thirds of which were 
located in regional development zones. 
Under the Amsterdam Special Action Programme (ASAP), the EIB has introduced a variety of 
financial instruments to help innovative small firms and those with strong growth potential to gain 
access to bank finance. The first concrete manifestation of this, the "European technology facility", 
was established by the EEB and the European Investment Fund to support investment on the part of 
innovative small businesses by taking shares in intermediary structures such as venture capital funds. 
The concentration of funding in favour of investment in regional development (Objectives 1, 2, 5(b), 
6), which had increased from 1995 to 1996, slowed down again with activity in 1997 returning to the 
1992 level. In the regions where development is lagging behind (Objective 1) EEB loans reached ECU 
5.2 billion, i.e. 36% of the total for regional development (49% in 1996, 46% in 1995, 48% in 1994). 
There has thus been strong downswing in activity in these regions compared to 1996. Funding in the 
four Cohesion countries (Greece, Ireland, Spain and Portugal) amounted to ECU 4 billion, lower than 
132 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
in previous years. Despite these falls, it cannot be denied that the EEB remains a powerful financial 
instrument for regional development. 
EIB - Funding for regional development (in ECU million) 
Total activity in the Union(1) 
Regional development 
(of which, Objective 1) 
Countries eligible under the Cohesion Fund 1997 
21.521 
67% 
36% 
28% 1996 
19.810 
70% 
49% 
32% 1995 
17.782 
68% 
46% 
38% 1994 
16.624 
72% 
48% 
39% 
(1) Amount of finance granted, i.e. individual loans signed and appropriations allocated for current 
global loans 
By sector, assistance for infrastructure has continued to increase (+35%) due to an appreciable 
upswing in loans for telecommunications (mobile telephony in particular), the modernisation of the 
railways in the United Kingdom and assistance for the Belgian high-speed train. Assistance for 
environmental projects, including urban infrastructure, has also increased strongly after a period of 
stabilisation. Projects approved in the energy sector also fell significantly after the exceptionally high 
level reached in 1996. The Commission encourages the EEB to pay special attention to its activities in 
the cohesion countries. 
5.3. THE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT FUND 
The European Investment Fund specialises in the grant of guarantees and in capital transactions 
(equity financing). It is intended to support medium and long-term investment in two essential sectors 
for the Union: trans-European networks, where it strives to facilitate partnership between the public 
and private sectors, and small firms, where its role is to facilitate their access to funding at a 
reasonable cost. It is thus an instrument serving the Union's general economic development, with no 
particular focus on cohesion. Nevertheless, because its effects are felt throughout the Community, it 
also benefits regions undergoing restructuring or whose development is lagging behind. 
In 1997, the loan volume guaranteed amounted to ECU 769 million. Of this, ECU 335 million went on 
trans-European networks (mainly telecommunications) and ECU 434 million on small firms, mostly 
on projects relating to growth and the environment (in this sector the Commission and the EEF 
collaborate to help small firms gain access to bank loans for environmental investment). In terms of 
capital transactions, the EEF provided about ECU 26 million in equity funding. The EEF is involved in 
a new development in this sector, the "European Technology Mechanism" (ETM), which was 
established as a result of the Amsterdam European Council. The EEF manages ECU 125 million for 
the EEB in respect of this new mechanism, with a view to venture capital investment in small firms 
using or developing advanced technology. ECU 7.5 million was invested in 1997 under the ETM. 
As a result of the special European Council on employment in Luxembourg, the EIF and the 
Commission are preparing proposals for new financial instruments to support innovative, job-creating 
SMEs through: 
• a venture-capital arm, which will act as a "fund's fund" managed by the EEF on behalf of the 
Commission for investing in the most exposed venture-capital funds not covered by the ETM or 
by the EEF's own venture-capital activities; 
• a "small-business guarantee" arm geared towards SMEs with high growth potential that will 
concentrate on small firms having at least 100 employees. The aim is to improve access to loans 
covered by the guarantee systems operating in the Member States in the public and private 
sectors. The EEF will manage this resource while the European Union budget will cover the cost 
of any calls on guarantees granted by the EEF. 
9lh Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) _££_ 
5.4. THE EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY 
In preparation for the expiry of the ECSC Treaty in 2002, the ECSC loan instrument offering interest-
rate subsidies for conversion investments that create jobs was definitively wound up on 30 June 1997. 
The instrument was separately coordinated by the regional monitoring committees for the Structural 
Funds. 
In its final six months to June, a last global conversion grant of ECU 8.9 million to create about 670 
jobs was given Council assent. ECU 2 million was committed under the ECSC budget for 1997 for 
interest-rate subsidies on current loans. During 1997, the Commission paid 50 conversion loan 
instalments to financial intermediaries amounting to ECU 206.8 million. 
5.5. THE FINANCIAL MECHANISM OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA 
The Agreement on the European Economic Area provides for a financial mechanism to promote 
economic and social cohesion in the Area to be funded by the EFTA countries and managed by the 
EIB. Its scope is defined in Protocol 38 to the Agreement: grants totalling ECU 500 million between 
1994 and 1998 and 10-year interest-rate subsidies of 2% a year on a total loan volume of ECU 1 500 
million. The beneficiaries of the Financial Mechanism are Greece, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Portugal 
and the Objective 1 regions of Spain (1989-93). The nature of this instrument makes it clearly one 
promoting economic and social cohesion. 
As a result of the accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden, their contributions to the Mechanism 
have been taken over by the Community budget (heading B2-401, ECU 108 million a year). The 
Commission, as the body responsible for executing the Community budget, is thus jointly responsible 
for the Mechanism and is represented on the Financial Mechanism Committee that approves projects. 
A report on the implementation of the Mechanism between 1 January 1996 and 30 June 1997 has 
been drawn up1. 
In 1997 the interest-rate subsidies concerned ECU 426.7 million in loans for one project in Greece 
(transport: ECU 100.4 million), two in Portugal (environment: ECU 92.4 million) and 8 in Spain 
(transport: ECU 125.3 million, environment: ECU 162 million, education: ECU 39 million). The 
Committee approved ECU 74.3 million in grants. These were in the three eligible sectors: transport, 
environment, and education and training. 
5.6. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES 
As the Union's main financial instrument for developing human resources, the ESF invests massively 
in education and training systems. Strong links and coordination therefore exist between this 
assistance and the Union's other education and training activities. 
Activity in 1997 took two forms: (1) continuing coordination between the ESF operations, in 
particular the Employment and Adapt Community initiatives, and the two main education and training 
programmes: Socrates and Leonardo; (2) specific initiatives to encourage debate throughout the union 
on key policy issues related to education and training. 
The arrangements for coordinating programmes currently under way with the Socrates and Leonardo 
programmes remained in place, mostly to ensure a consistent approach to choosing projects for the 
second and last calls for proposals under Emploi and Adapt, and for the call for proposals made at the 
end of 1997 under Article 6 (innovative schemes and technical assistance; see 2.1.9). 
COM(97) 567 final of 27 November 1997 
134 9"1 Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
As regard complementary Community policy initiatives in education and training, the Commission 
took up ideas originating in the Structural Funds for some of its initiatives: 
1. The Commission working group on education and multimedia software appraised, negotiated and 
concluded contracts in 1997 for a first series of projects launched at the beginning of 1998, 
following an open call for proposals in December 1996. 
2. The Commission communication "Towards a Europe of knowledge"2, setting out guidelines for 
future Community action in teaching, training and youth affairs for the period 2000-06. 
3. The proposal for a Council Decision on the promotion of European pathways for work-linked 
training, including apprenticeship, which is a logical follow-on from the communication of June 
1997 "Promoting apprenticeship training in Europe"3. 
4. The Commission proposal for a comparative assessment of progress as regards access to 
continuing vocational training, based on the report on access to continuing training in the 
European Union presented in response to the Council of Ministers recommendation in 1993 in this 
regard. 
5. The Commission call for proposals in September 1997 on "IT for learning and training in 
industry", as part of the specific programme on information technologies (Esprit). 
« 
6. The interim report on the implementation of the Leonardo programme4. 
5.7. COMMUNITY FUNDING ON TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORKS 
The Community financial instrument for trans-European networks funding (Regulation (EC) No 
2236/95 of 18 September 1995) provides part-funding for projects of common interest in the field of 
trans-European transport, telecommunications and energy networks, under Article 129c of the Treaty. 
In addition to this TENs funding, the ERDF, along with the Cohesion Fund, remains one of the largest 
providers of grant-funding for TENs. 
Considerable progress was made on various projects in 1997 and on the following in particular: 
• the rail link between Dublin and Belfast was officially opened on 21 October; 
• most of the work on the transport of gas, the introduction of natural gas in Greece, Spain and 
Portugal and on the Algeria-European Union gas pipeline has been completed; 
• work is progressing on various sections of the Pathe motorway in Greece; 
• the high-speed railway link from the French border to Brussels as part of the PBKAL became 
operational on 14 December; 
• most of the 28 Euro-ISDN projects (integrated services digital network) funded in 1995 and 1996 
are proceeding satisfactorily and 10 of these projects were completed by the end of 1997. 
2 COM(97) 563 final 
3 COM(97) 300 
4 COM(97) 399 final 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) M -A}& 
ERDF funding for TENs -1997 commitment appropriations (in ECU million^: 
(Because of the ERDF's system of multiannual programming, this is not a complete listing) 
Sector 
TRANSPORT 
ENERGY 
TELECOMMUNICATIONS Roads 
Railways 
Airports 
Ports 
Total 
Natural gas 
Electricity 
Total 
-Commitments 
369,9 
136,9 
5,0 
14,9 
526,7 
274,4 
2,9 
277,3 
-Notes 
Can include in certain cases 
commitments made at the end of 1996 
(figure not available) 
CHAPTER 6: 
COMPATIBILITY AND COMPLEMENTARITY WITH THE OTHER COMMUNITY 
POLICIES 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) I39 
Article 7 of the Framework Regulation governing the Structural Funds (Council Regulation (EEC) No 
2052/88, as amended by Regulation (EEC) No 2081/93) requires the measures financed by the 
Structural Funds, the EEB or another financial instrument to be in conformity with the Treaties, with 
particular regard to the competition rules and the award of public contracts. Such measures must also 
be compatible with the Union's other major policies. 
6.1. THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS, EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL POLICY 
The Amsterdam European Council in June 1997 marked a turning point for employment policies in 
the Union. Adoption of the Title on employment meant that the Heads of State and Government 
considered employment a matter of common concern. The new Treaty improved coordination of 
national policies on employment and paved the way for joint guidelines which may lead to 
recommendations to the Member States. 
Following inclusion of the Title on employment, the extraordinary European Council on employment 
on 20 and 21 November 1997 adopted guidelines for 1998 and began a process which enabled the 
Member States, depending on the employment situation, to adopt national programmes for 
employment compatible with the guidelines and using a global approach; this also involves 
appropriate macroeconomic policies. 
The Luxembourg European Council in December reached agreement on an overall strategy entailing 
coordination of the employment policies of the Member States in order to achieve convergence on 
verifiable and regularly updated targets to be included in the national programmes for employment 
drawn up by the Member States. This coordination of employment policies by the Member States will 
begin when the Council adopts the guidelines. 
The guidelines constitute a four-pronged approach: improving employability, developing business 
spirit, encouraging firms and staff to be more adaptable so that the labour market can react to 
economic change and promoting equal opportunities. 
Implementation of this strategy relies on the combined efforts of all concerned: Member States, 
regions, social partners and Community institutions to achieve a significant increase in the rate of 
employment in Europe. The preventive approach of the new strategy is of vital importance because 
the early identification of needs will check rising unemployment among young people and long-term 
unemployment. The custom-designed answers give priority to active measures over passive measures 
concentrating on benefits. In addition, joint indicators based on comparable statistics are fixed for the 
effective monitoring and assessment of policies and to identify good practice. 
The national programmes will set deadlines for achieving the desired result in the light, principally, of 
the administrative and financial resources deployed. Each year the Member States will submit their 
national programmes to the Council and the Commission for consideration prior to the European 
Council. The Council is pledged to carry out in the second half of the year an examination of how the 
Member States have integrated the guidelines into their national policies and will make a report, 
prepared jointly with the Commission, on the employment situation in the Community and the 
measures taken by the Member States to implement their employment policy in the light of the 
guidelines, which are to be sent to the European Council by the end of the year. 
Following Agenda 2000, the new regulations governing the Funds were adopted by the Commission 
in March 1998 and then discussed by the Council and Parliament. The starting point for the role of the 
ESF in the revised Structural Funds will be the new Title of the Treaty and the new employment 
strategy to develop annual national programmes. 
140 9th A nnual Report of the Structural Funds (199 7) 
6.2. THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 
Implementation of the communication "Cohesion policy and the environment"1 continued. In 
addition, Parliament stepped up its "greening of the budget" by establishing in the 1997 budget a new 
heading dedicated to the environmental aspects of cohesion policy (B2-1600). This heading has been 
used for a variety of measures such as seminars to increase the awareness of those managing funds 
and studies on the impact on the environment of the operations of the Cohesion Fund and the 
Structural Funds. However, not all the appropriations available could be committed because many of 
the measures eligible under this new heading were already being financed and because of the time 
required to establish new measures. 
In line with the greening of the budget, the Commission provided Parliament with information on the 
environmental aspects of ERDF and Cohesion Fund projects costing more than ECU 50 million. 
Information on the 1996 projects was sent to Parliament on 31 July 1997. The list of projects was 
published in the Official Journal.2 
The environmental aspects of the new Structural Funds programmes 
In accordance with the guidelines sent to the Member States and the environmental profiles sent to 
them in 1993 and reiterated in 1996, the new Objective 2 programmes approved in 1997 stressed 
preventive measures for the environment, such as environmentally-friendly products and research on 
the environment. 
While the nature of the environmental dimension still varies substantially from one programme to 
another, a feature of the new Objective 2 programmes is the better integration of environmental 
considerations into the various non-environmental measures. Although this was desired, it will in 
future create a paradoxical situation with regard to the environmental quality of the Structural Funds: 
the better environmental measures are integrated into other measures, the less visible they will be. 
Accordingly, in November 1997 the Commission adopted a communication on environment and 
employment3 which sets out a clear strategy for complementary policies on the environment and 
employment. The Commission invites exploitation of the opportunities offered by technology and 
innovation to promote the establishment and growth of firms and to support methods of production 
and consumption patterns which will be sustainable in environmental terms. 
The Interreg II C Community Initiative (transnational cooperation), half of whose programmes were 
approved in 1997, deals explicitly with questions of sustainable development such as cooperation on 
planning, the prevention of drought through the rational use of water resources, flood prevention and 
the management of water basins and the sustainable use of natural resources. 
Monitoring and assessment of Structural Fund programmes 
To identify preventive measures and good practice, the Commission launched a study on the 
sustainable environment and the Structural Funds in the Objective 2 areas which was published in 
June 1997. A guide to good practice will help those responsible for promoting measures for 
environmentally-friendly development. 
Because the environment is a complex concept and the possible impact of the Structural Funds on it 
varies very considerably, in August 1997 the Commission published a major call for tenders inviting 
consultants to develop a methodology to assess the quantitative impact on the environment based on 
studies of actual impacts. The project is financed from budget heading B2-1600. 
1 COM(95) 509 final of 22 November 1995. 
2 OJC 301,2.10.1997. 
3 COM(97) 592 final. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) ^^ ^ 141 
All programmes under Objectives 1, 3, 4, 5(b) and 6 lasting more than three years were subject to 
interim assessment in 1997 (see section 3.1). 
Environmental awareness in the Commission and among national managers of the Structural 
Funds 
A series of training courses for Commission staff on the integration of the environment into the other 
policies began in autumn 1997. 
The Commission also organised training seminars on the environment for Fund managers in the 
Member States. Two seminars on the environmental dimension of environmental projects were 
organised in Ireland (September 1997) and the United Kingdom (October 1997). Others will be held 
during 1998 in Portugal, Greece, France and Germany (budget heading B2-1600). 
Exchanges with non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the environmental field 
The participation of NGOs at national and regional level is the responsibility of the Member States. 
At Community level discussions of opinions and experiences with NGOs have increased. In 
November 1997 the Commission organised an exchange of its staff and representatives of NGOs from 
six Member States. This led to discussions at European level on how the environment should be taken 
into account in the practical implementation of programmes. 
6.3. CONTRIBUTION OF THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS TO PROMOTING EQUAL 
OPPORTUNITIES FOR MEN AND WOMEN 
The adjustment of programmes for the development or conversion of regions 
In the guidelines which it sent to the Member States concerning the adjustment of Structural Funds 
programmes up to the end of 1999,4 the Commission expressed the hope that measures to promote 
equal opportunities would be improved, either through general measures in the programmes 
("mainstreaming") or through specific measures. The positive measures proposed in those guidelines 
included improved social infrastructure, access to employment, access to services and facilities, the 
fostering of the business spirit among women and the combination of family and working life. 
Most Member States took this Community priority into account in the adjustments they made (see 
section 1.2.2). Examples include new provisions or aid schemes for women in business (Italy, 
Finland, Germany, Spain), training (Greece, Netherlands, Spain) or finance for nurseries and 
children's centres (United Kingdom, Italy). The Commission's communication on new programmes in 
areas undergoing industrial conversion in 1997-995 (see section 1.2.1) sets out the position on equality 
with particular reference to improving employment prospects for women. 
Equal opportunities in the ESF programmes 
The Member States chose to adopt a double approach in implementing the equal opportunities priority 
under Objective 3. Most adopted specific programmes for equal opportunities while a small minority 
adopted the approach of integration. However, the measures are quite similar: encouraging women to 
participate to a greater extent in the areas where they are under-represented, the training of 
instructors, basic training and vocational training for women and those returning to their own country 
without jobs, apprenticeships, employment aid and recruitment grants, promotion of the business 
culture among women, on-going training in small firms, guidance, advisory and placement services 
and, in some countries, measures to protect children and special assistance to help men and women 
combine family and work responsibilities. As regards the ESF Community Initiatives, Now is still the 
4 C(97) 1381. 
5 COM(97)524. 
142 ___ , 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
main equal opportunities programme. In the context of Adapt, a working party led by Sweden began 
work on this subject in 1997. 
The Community Initiatives 
A specific horizontal clause was inserted into the Community Initiative programmes when they were 
revised. Now is the main specific programme concerning equal opportunities for men and women and 
the exploitation for distribution purposes of what has been achieved began in 1997. In the case of 
Adapt, a working party on equal opportunities led by Sweden has been established. Initiatives such as 
Urban, Interreg and Leader also contain a variety of provisions which encourage the launch of and 
support for projects concerning women. 
Studies, assessment and pilot projects 
The studies begun in 1996 (Finland, Spain) to identify the types of assistance from the Structural 
Funds, and specifically the ERDF, with heavy stress on equal opportunities for men and women, were 
completed in 1997 (Ireland, Portugal and Greece). Furthermore, to help programme managers and the 
assessment teams, the Commission wished to draw up a methodological note setting out the methods 
of evaluation appropriate to the special nature of the questions concerning equal opportunities which 
arise in the Structural Funds policies. This work was carried out with the assistance of experts under 
the Means6 programme and is expected to have been completed early in 1998. 
Around ten Recite II (internal interregional cooperation 1998-99) pilot projects concerning the 
networking of resource centres to encourage women to take part in economic life were selected. A 
seminar was held to discuss the aims and working methods of the networks for the projects selected. 
In April the call for proposals for the Ecos-Ouverture (external interregional cooperation projects) 
was issued. One of its themes is the promotion of equal opportunities. 
Preparation of the new regulations 
During preparation of the new regulations, thought was given to fostering the principle of equal 
opportunities and giving it specific form in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of 
programmes. 
6.4. THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL 
DEVELOPMENT (RTD) 
RTD and innovation continue to play an increasing role in assistance from the Structural Funds. This 
was, in fact, the horizontal subject covered in the eighth Annual Report (1996), where particular 
attention was paid to this element of assistance in each country and many examples given. In addition, 
the Commission decided to prepare a communication on "Reinforcing cohesion and competitiveness 
through research, technological development and innovation" (see section 1.3.5) to highlight the 
importance of R&TD and innovation in the modernisation and diversification of regional economic 
structures. 
At about ECU 2 500 million (16.8% of the total budget for Objective 2), assistance for R&TD 
measures in those areas is considerably higher than in the preceding period. Growth from the 1994-96 
sub-period to 1997-99 is particularly striking with resources devoted to R&TD and innovation rising 
from 14.2% of the total budget to 18.4%. Because of their longer industrial tradition, some Objective 
2 areas have made greater use of R&TD and innovation for economic development on the basis of key 
factors such as the public/private/voluntary sector partnership, exchanges between local universities 
and large firms, the existence of firms with special know-how in R&TD and innovation, an industrial 
6 For Means, see Chapter 3 - Assessment. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 143 
culture and economic environment directed towards production, services adapted to the needs of local 
industry and business parks near large towns. 
Alongside assistance from the Funds, the Commission has launched a number of pilot projects to 
overcome certain difficulties encountered by the regions in developing and sustaining their innovation 
programmes. Under Article 10 of the ERDF Regulation and in cooperation with the innovation 
programme, regional innovation strategies (RIS) and regional innovation and transfer of technology 
strategies (RTT - innovation programme) have been devised to extend cooperation between the public 
and*private sectors and between firms in the region and the supply of services and infrastructure for 
R&TD and innovation (see section 2.1.9). 
6.5. THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND THE TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORKS (TENs) 
During 1997 each of the three sectors of the TENs (transport, telecommunications and energy) made 
progress. The greatest advances in legal terms were the amendment of Article 129c by the Treaty of 
Amsterdam (to facilitate the financing of projects by the private sector), the adoption of guidelines on 
the telecommunications TEN,7 the amendment of the guidelines for the energy TEN8 to update the list 
of projects of common interest and the proposal to revise the guidelines for the transport TEN to 
include ports and intermodal terminals.9 
With regard to the financing of the TENs, in June 1997 the high-level group chaired by Mr Kinnock 
and comprising representatives of the ministers of transport and the private sector published its 
recommendations on how public/private partnerships could be developed in transport projects. Two 
communications resulted, one on the Commission's responses and proposals concerning the 
recommendations from a European viewpoint and one clarifying the competition rules to apply to the 
new transport projects. The Commission's Agenda 2000 also proposed a new financial perspective to 
give greater priority to the TENs. 
To improve coordination between the various Commission departments and the other financial 
institutions (such as the EEB and the EEF) involved in financing TENs projects, the Commission took 
steps to buttress the strategic priorities, encourage vigorous cooperation on the various projects and 
improve the exchange of information. These include establishment of group of directors to meet at 
least twice a year and the preparation of a multiannual plan. 
6.6. THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND TOURISM 
A number of specific measures for tourism completed or launched in 1997 are of considerable 
importance for local or regional development. These include projects relating to visitor management 
and transport, the project for networking tourism and the environment now being carried out and 
studies on the integrated management of the quality of urban, rural and coastal tourist destinations. 
Consideration of tourism under programming is intended to review the strategy, implementation and 
results of operational programmes and measures concerned with tourism. 
Specific evaluation measures will be undertaken particularly for those countries which have 
substantial tourist potential and where the Structural Funds play a significant role. 
With regard to the quantitative analysis and qualitative evaluation of the impact of tourism under the 
structural policies, the Advisory Committee on tourism decided on 21 October 1997 to set up a 
7 Decision 1336/97/EC of 17 June 1997, OJ L 183, 11.7.1997. 
8 Decision 1047/97/EC of 29 May 1997, OJ L 152, 11.6.1997. 
9 COM(97) 681 of 10 December 1997. 
144 9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
working party on urban tourism in Europe with the aim of stimulating the exchange of experience and 
good practice and drawing operational conclusions. This should lead to the production in 1998 of a 
summary report as input for the European discussion on urban matters. 
The Luxembourg conference on 4 and 5 November 1997 on guidelines for action in employment and 
tourism10 and the related conclusions of the Council of 26 November opened the way to a more 
general consideration of the contribution of tourism to economic, social and territorial cohesion. A 
high-level group on tourism and employment was set up to consider how tourism could make a greater 
contribution to growth and improving employment in Europe. This group will report to the 
Commission in October 1998. 
6.7. THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND CULTURE 
The Commission's 1996 communication "Cohesion policy and culture: a contribution to 
employment"11 noted that, although culture is playing an increasingly important role in regional 
development and cohesion policy, its potential is not being fully used in the operation of the 
Structural Funds. 
The Member States and the regions decide themselves whether and how to give priority to including 
culture in their programmes. The new Objective 2 programmes (1997-99) follow the Commission's 
guidelines,12 where it describes culture as a source of employment which enables local and regional 
development potential to better exploited, to differing degrees. 
During 1997 the Commission approved under Article 10 of the ERDF Regulation 32 pilot projects for 
interregional cooperation on culture. The integrated approach to development will promote the 
establishment of cooperation projects whose economic goals have a cultural component, the 
preservation and promotion of the region's cultural assets, job-creation, the integration of the 
unemployed and young people into working life and the exchange of know-how and experience. 
These projects are being supported by the ERDF to the tune of ECU 15 million between January 1997 
and December 1998. 
6.8. THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND COMPETITION POLICY 
Under Articles 92 and 93 of the Treaty, the Commission constantly considers schemes of State aids to 
firms where they are likely to distort competition and affect trade between the Member States. It must, 
in particular, take account of the impact on competition and trade of any cumulation of State aid and 
Community finance. Hence in 1997 the Commission completed consideration of the compatibility 
with the Treaty of measures in the SPDs concerning assistance from the Funds to the Objective 2 
areas in 1997-99. 
In accordance with the principle of concentration of aid to the less-favoured regions, the Commission 
continued its efforts to codify the rules and ensure equal treatment for all Member States. On 16 
December it adopted new guidelines on regional aid which brought together the criteria used for 
assessing State aids for regional purposes and replaced all the current provisions by a single text. One 
of the new features introduced, the reduction of aid intensities admissible for large firms, reflects the 
desire to reduce the distortions of competition brought about by aids while having regard to the need 
for cohesion. In addition to reducing intensities in general, the Commission introduced rules 
permitting the modulation of the maximum intensities of aid in the light of the seriousness and extent 
of regional problems. 
10 In the course of publication. 
1 • COM(96) 512 final of 20 November 1996. 
12 C(96) 952 final. 
9lh Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
The guidelines increase the coherence of the Structural Funds by making eligibility under the Funds a 
further criterion for eligibility for national aid. When adopting the guidelines, the Commission fixed 
the ceiling for the coverage of regional aid at 42.7% of the population of the Union for 2000-06 as 
against 46.7% in 1994-99 (see section 1.3.4, the communication "Regional policy and competition 
policy" prepared in 1997). 
The quest for coherence also applied to the map of the regions eligible for aid for regional purposes. 
New maps were adopted for Italy (for the regions eligible under Article 92(3)(c) of the Treaty), 
Denmark and Finland for 1997-99. In each case, the percentage of the population covered by regional 
aids was set so as to maximise their economic effectiveness, limit their impact on competition and 
make better use of budgetary resources. 
In 1997 the Commission also adopted a multisectoral framework for regional aids for major 
investment projects designed to limit the often excessive amounts of regional aid going to major 
projects. It is part of the broader objective of eventually replacing the various sectoral rules governing 
State aids by a single approach to important aids cases irrespective of the sector of activity, with the 
exception of coal and steel, which will remain subject to the ECSC Treaty until July 2002. 
To make the monitoring of State aids more effective, the Commission is considering simplifying 
procedures for certain categories. It has therefore sent the Council a proposal for an enabling 
regulation based on Article 94 of the Treaty. In its draft, the Commission asks the Council for powers 
to adopt regulations exempting certain categories of aid from the prior notification requirement 
provided that certain criteria are met. These are mainly aids with which the Commission is fully 
conversant and for which it has already defined precise criteria for assessing their compatibility with 
the common market through frameworks or guidelines (small firms, R&D, the environment, 
employment and training and regional aids). The Council has already given its approval in principle 
and the proposal should be adopted in 1998. 
6.9. THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND THE TRANSPARENCY OF PUBLIC 
PROCUREMENT 
In previous reports, the Commission insisted on the need to bring those taking decisions on projects 
geographically closer together to improve the preparation and monitoring of files, speed of 
implementation and comprehension of Community texts. Since information on public procurement is 
to be found at national, regional or local level, checks should also cover assistance to those taking 
decisions and so should be included at the appropriate level. 
The Commission set out its views on public procurement in a Green Paper13 which it adopted in 
November 1996. This was followed in 1997 by the evaluation and analysis of the contributions of 
those involved in economic life and preparation of the first reflections on the future of the sector. 
The discussion on structural policies centred mainly on some proposals made in the Green Paper 
which would strengthen the partnership with the Member States. The ideas put forward by the 
Commission include the establishment at national level of independent bodies to monitor public 
procurement which could guarantee the correct application of the provisions in force, greater use of 
the attestation procedure under which an independent person certifies compliance with Community 
rules on public procurement (for which provision already exists in the Remedies for Utilities 
directive) and increasing the sense of responsibility of those taking decisions on public procurement 
who have to commit themselves personally to respecting the rules. However, it should be noted that 
these ideas do not in any way imply that the Commission is abandoning its prerogatives. It will 
continue to monitor public contracts as required by the Treaty and the directives. 
13 COM(96) 583 final of 27 November 1996. 
/ 46 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
The Commission issued a communication on the conclusions of this discussion and the measures it 
intends to take early in 1998. 
6.10. THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS, THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY (CAP) 
AND THE COMMON FISHERIES POLICY 
The general background to the compatibility of the Structural Funds with the CAP was set out in 
detail on the eighth Annual Report on the implementation of the Structural Funds (1996) to which 
reference should be made. 
Measures of two types illustrate particularly vividly the way the CAP is compatible with the structural 
policies: analysis of the State aid schemes and monitoring the sectors excluded from aids. 
In general, whenever a State aid scheme is proposed, it is always examined for compatibility with the 
existing rules governing the CAP and those on State aids. The measures selected as priorities included 
the application of new technologies, energy saving and quality promotion. As regards irrigation, for 
example, priority was given to measures to improve existing structures to avoid water losses 
(evaporation, leaks, etc.) without affecting the area under irrigation. Where new areas were 
concerned, the Commission imposed very strict limits on extensions and asked to be notified of the 
crops planned. 
In the case of investment aids, limits are imposed on certain sectors to avoid the production of 
surpluses (pigs, eggs and poultrymeat, beef/veal, milk). Priority for processing and marketing is given 
to certain types of investment, for example those relating to the protection of the environment, 
technological innovation and improving quality and health conditions and the Commission has laid 
down selection criteria in accordance with the guidelines set out in Community policies and in 
particular the CAP. In some sectors (tobacco and fodder crops), investment aid is prohibited and in 
others restrictions have been imposed, sometimes accompanied by obligations to reduce capacity 
(slaughtering, the grouping of firms in the wine and alcohol sectors). 
Looking to the future, in its Agenda 2000 communication of 15 July 1997, the Commission proposed 
continuing the thorough reform of the CAP begun in 1992. This proposal seeks to provide aid mainly 
in the form of direct payments and has five goals: 
• to improve competitiveness to consolidate the Union's position as a major world exporter; 
• to ensure the safety and quality of foodstuffs for consumers, the major priority of the CAP; 
• to ensure a fair living for those employed in agriculture by stabilising their incomes; 
• to integrate environmental objectives into the CAP more effectively, mainly through better 
management of natural resources and protecting the countryside; 
• diversifying activities in the countryside in order to provide jobs and supplementary or alternative 
sources of income both in agriculture and elsewhere. 
Since 1994 the integration of the structural aspect of fisheries in the Structural Funds has sought the 
structural adjustments required to achieve the aims of the common fisheries policy by making 
assistance in the sector subject to compliance with the goals of achieving a balance between fisheries 
stocks and their exploitation. The measures for the fishing fleet financed by the FTFG must comply 
with the aims of multiannual guidance programmes (MGPs), which restrict the fishing effort of each 
Member State. In particular, aid for the construction of new fishing vessels is authorised only if the 
intermediate annual goals of the MGP, and subsequently, the final goals are respected. 
^m.jLix 
CHAPTER 7: 
INTERINSTITUTIONAL DIALOGUE, DIALOGUE WITH THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL 
PARTNERS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 149 
7.1. INTERINSTITUTIONAL DIALOGUE 
Implementation of the Community policies calls for constant dialogue between the various institutions 
of the Union. The structural policies are naturally no exception to this principle. Exchanges may take 
many forms, i.e. formal (e.g. meetings of Parliament or its committees, or ministerial meetings), 
informal (seminars or joint working parties), at political or technical level (interdepartmental or 
within the Structural Funds committees). Following on several Commission communications and 
documents, the main subjects tackled in 1997 related to the First Report on economic and social 
cohesion in the Union, the adoption of new Objective 2 programmes for 1997-99, improvements to 
the administration and monitoring of the Funds under SEM 2000 and, naturally, the future of the 
Structural Funds in connection with the communication on "Agenda 2000". The role of the Funds in 
the promotion of the information society also received close attention, as did action in support of 
urban areas and spatial development planning at Community level. 
7.1.1. DIALOGUE WITH THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 
Two new Commission communications on "Cohesion and the information society" and "Towards an 
urban agenda in the European Union" were presented, though the core of relations with Parliament 
concerned the future of the Structural Funds. The President and many MEPs took part in a forum on 
economic and social cohesion in April, the conclusions of which provided the inspiration for the 
chapter on cohesion in "Agenda 2000" (see section 1.1.2). That document, which describes the 
outlook for the European Union at the dawn of the next century, was made public by Mr Santer at 
Parliament's plenary session in July. The Members of the Commission concerned subsequently made 
statements before the relevant parliamentary committees on the sections concerning cohesion and 
structural development. A seminar was organised to enable MEPs to discuss priorities for the 
preparation of the new Structural Fund regulations with Commission representatives. A public 
hearing on cohesion and enlargement gave Mrs Wulf-Mathies the opportunity to introduce the new 
Pre-Accession Structural Instrument (PASI) and to stress the need to help the local, regional and 
national authorities in the applicant countries to prepare actively for accession. 
Parliament's participation in the debate on the future of the Structural Funds was marked by the 
adoption of a resolution on the First Report on cohesion, adopted by the Commission in late 1996. 
The resolution expressed Parliament's support for stepping up the Union's efforts to achieve 
cohesion, reducing the number of Objectives, maintaining preferential treatment for Objective 1 areas, 
improving the coordination of the Community instruments and establishing a specific financial 
instrument for structural adjustment in the applicant countries. 
Other resolutions were adopted on current assistance operations. Parliament noted the underutilisation 
of budget appropriations in some Member States (Italy and Belgium inter alia) and requested the 
Commission to propose a review of certain goals. Despite initial problems in Austria, Finland and 
Sweden, Parliament noted that the structural policy can be considered a success in those countries; it 
is in favour of operations in the more prosperous Member States, though citing specific problems that 
need to be solved. Own-initiative reports were adopted in the field of crossborder and interregional 
cooperation with a view to future accessions. One resolution supported incorporating provisions in 
favour of the most remote regions in the Treaty of Amsterdam. 
With regard to the labour market and human resources, the Commission followed the work of 
Parliament's Committee on Social Affairs closely. The Committee prepared a resolution on the future 
of the ESF, which was adopted on 21 November 1997. In this connection, the Commission's 
representatives met the MEPs on several occasions to study the Commission's reports on the 
implementation of the ESF, the reports on economic and social cohesion and the Agenda 2000 
proposals. Cooperation within the ESF/Parliament ad hoc working group continued to bear fruit in 
1997. The working group looked into the utilisation of ESF resources and innovative operations and 
exchanged views on the reform of the Structural Funds. 
150 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
In the field of agricultural structures and rural development, Parliament's Committee on Agriculture 
and Rural Development exchanged views with the Member of the Commission responsible for 
agriculture and rural development on three occasions in 1997, in January, on the conclusions Of the 
Cork Conference on rural development in Europe (held in November 1996); in June, on the common 
agricultural policy, including rural development and its links with the cohesion policy; and lastly in 
September, on the Agenda 2000 proposals and more particularly the further reform of the CAP started 
in 1992 and the need for a comprehensive rural policy. 
The Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development also considered various reports concerning 
new entrants to farming and problems of succession in Community agriculture and improving the 
efficiency of agricultural structures. In addition, it issued opinions on the First Report on economic 
and social cohesion, the 7th Annual Report on the Structural Funds and the use of Structural Fund 
resources; the opinion recognises that the level of utilisation of EAGGF Guidance Section funds may 
be regarded as satisfactory. 
With regard to fisheries, Parliament's Committee on Fisheries issued an opinion on three topics, the 
use of FEFG resources, the Union's new financial framework and the 7th Annual Report on the 
Structural Funds. In its opinion on the first topic, based on the 1995 annual report of the Court of 
Auditors and concerning the underutilisation of Structural Fund appropriations, the Committee 
concluded that failures in this area were obviously due to the fact that funding was not in line with 
requirements rather than on inappropriate use or underutilisation of resources. 
7.1.2. OPINIONS OF THE STRUCTURAL FUND COMMITTEES 
The Advisory Committee on the Development and Conversion of Regions met five times in 1997. It 
was consulted on the new Objective 2 SPDs for 1997-99, on which it issued unanimously favourable 
opinions. The 7th Annual Report on the Structural Funds (1995) and the First Report on economic 
and social cohesion were presented. The Committee was also informed of the Commission's 
communication "Towards an urban agenda in the European Union" (see section 1.3.2). A significant 
proportion of the Committee's meetings in 1997 focused on consideration of draft Commission 
legislation presented under SEM 2000 (see sections 1.2.4 and 4.2). The Committee was accordingly 
consulted on the draft Commission Decision on the eligibility of expenditure under the Structural 
Funds, on which it issued a favourable opinion in February. The draft Regulation establishing detailed 
arrangements as regards the financial control by Member States of operations part-financed by the 
Structural Funds and the draft Internal Commission Guidelines on the application of net financial 
corrections in certain cases of irregularities were discussed on three successive occasions, in the wake 
in particular of requests for clarification from the Cornmittee (on time limits for application, 
clarification of terminology and organisational adjustments in national and regional authorities). The 
Committee issued a favourable opinion on the draft Regulation at its last meeting of the year (29 
September 1997). 
The ESF Committee met four times in 1997. As provided for in the Coordination Regulation, the 
Committee issued opinions on the draft Commission Decisions1 on standard clauses for Objective 2 
and on the Objective 2 SPDs for 1997-99. At those meetings, the Committee also considered recurrent 
topics like the implementation of measures under Article 6 of the ESF Regulation, various aspects of 
the information society, the financial situation of the ESF, the territorial pacts for employment, the 
Community Initiatives, the information and communication strategy and progress with evaluation. 
The Committee also considered the final report of the working group set up in 1996 on new sources of 
employment; this provided a worthwhile contribution to the debate on the future of the ESF. 
A meeting on the future of the ESF also took place in Luxembourg in December 1997; it was devoted 
to a large extent to the implementation of Objective 4 and the presentation of specimen Objective 4 
projects and the Community Adapt Initiative in the presence of the promoters; a debate took place on 
the link between the ESF and cohesion. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 151 
One important discussion on SEM 2000 focused on the eligibility of expenditure under the Structural 
Funds and the procedures for financial control and net financial corrections (see sections 1.2.4 and 
4.2). The Cornmission kept the ESF Committee informed regularly of progress in discussions on the 
reform of the ESF. 
The Committee on Agricultural Structures and Rural Development (STAR Committee) met 11 times 
in 1997 and issued 150 favourable opinions; on three counts, consultation yielded no opinion. The 
opinions mainly related to the rules for financial controls to be conducted by the Member States (see 
sections 1.2.4 and 4.2), measures under Regulation (EC) No 950/97 on improving the efficiency of 
agricultural structures, Regulation (EEC) No 2078/92 on agricultural production methods compatible 
with the requirements of the protection of the environment and the maintenance of the countryside 
and Regulation (EC) No 951/97 on improving the processing and marketing conditions for 
agricultural products. The Committee also exchanged views on various subjects, like additionality in 
the context of Objective 5(a), evaluation, Agenda 2000 and the classification of agri-environmental 
payments in agricultural accounts. Lastly, on 1 October it met jointly with the Advisory Committee on 
Questions of Agricultural Structure Policy to learn of the results of the pilot scheme for sustainable 
development plans in France. 
The Standing Management Committee for Fisheries Structures met four times during the year and all 
structural measures relating to the sector were referred to it. It issued a unanimously favourable 
opinion on the draft Cornmission Decision on the eligibility of expenditure under the Structural Funds 
and a favourable opinion on the Commission Regulation establishing detailed arrangements as regards 
financial control by Member States (see sections 1.2.4 and 4.2). 
The Management Committee for Community Initiatives did not meet in 1997 as the opinion on the 
allocation of the reserve had been issued in 1996. 
7.1.3. DIALOGUE WITH THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE 
The Commission kept up contacts and dialogue with the Economic and Social Committee at all levels; 
all the opinions issued by the Committee were given careful consideration. 
The Commission consulted the ESC on two annual reports, the Cohesion Fund report and the 7th 
Annual Report on the Structural Funds, as well as the First Report from the Commission on economic 
and social cohesion1. On all occasions, the Committee stressed the importance it attached to the 
concentration of aid, additionality, the simplification and rationalisation of programming procedures, 
monitoring, controls and assessment of projects and in particular the participation of the economic 
and social partners in the establishment of priorities for implementing and monitoring projects. The 
importance the Committee attaches to the last point is shown by its own-initiative opinion on the role 
of the economic and social partners in the Interreg and Eures programmes. 
The ESC also welcomed the Commission communication on "Cohesion and the Information Society"; 
in its remarks and recommendations, it stressed the need to bring the Union's measures into line with 
the technological, economic and social requirements of the various regions. 
In response to a request from Mr Santer, the ESC adopted a report on the territorial pacts for 
employment. Its findings stress how important it is for the pacts to be incorporated into an overall 
strategy for employment by applying macroeconomic and employment policies on the one hand, and 
by harnessing the labour market and developing employment at regional and/or local level on the 
other. 
The ESC also considered urban development policy and in particular sustainable development in 
building and housing in Europe. This sector forms an integral part of the modern administration of 
COM(96) 542 final of 6 November 1996. 
152 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
cities and space. The Committee welcomed the Community measures relating to tourism, which it 
considers important from the economic viewpoint as well as in social and cultural terms. 
At its plenary session of 20 November 1997, the ESC adopted an opinion on the agricultural aspects 
of Agenda 2000 (the report also deals with aspects of the Structural Funds and rural development 
policy). 
7.1.4. DIALOGUE WITH THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS 
A relatively large number of opinions adopted by the Committee of the Regions in 1997 relate directly 
or indirectly to structural development and more broadly to economic and social cohesion. The CoR 
organised its work under four major headings, economic and social cohesion, employment, spatial 
planning and Agenda 2000. Other work of the Committee covered the implementation of regional 
policies in Austria, Finland and Sweden, the Interreg II Initiative and the potential role of regional and 
local authorities, and two Commission communications on the contribution of culture and the 
information society to cohesion. 
In its opinion of the First Report on economic and social cohesion, the CoR favoured consolidating 
the Structural Funds as an instrument of economic development and advocated greater concentration 
of budget resources under the priority Objectives. In the field of employment, the Committee shared 
the Commission's view of the importance of the Funds' structuring role in job creation and the 
safeguarding of lasting employment and welcomed the idea that active policies should be given 
priority over passive policies involving the payment of unemployment benefit. It asserted its intention 
to contribute fully to the launching of the territorial employment pacts and stressed the role of local 
and regional authorities in their implementation and the importance it attached to a genuine 
public/private partnership. 
As the Member of the Commission responsible, Monika Wulf-Mathies had a thoroughgoing exchange 
of views with the CoR on the subject of spatial planning and urban policy in June 1997. She 
emphasised the importance of the draft European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP), an 
approach that should make it possible, while abiding by the principle of subsidiarity, to make the 
regions more competitive and to strengthen economic and social cohesion. The Committee affirmed 
the regional authorities' determination to utilise interregional cooperation for harmonious regional 
development planning and implementation in Europe and requested to be involved in this work. 
In November 1997 Mr Santer outlined the cardinal points of Agenda 2000 at a plenary meeting of the 
Committee. The other Members of the Commission described their own proposals in the field of 
regional and agricultural policy. The Committee's opinions supported those structural policy 
proposals which are capable of ensuring that enlargement will not be to the detriment of the less-
favoured regions of the Union as currently constituted. 
In the field of rural development, the CoR adopted several opinions. One, on "New economic 
activities and new services in rural areas", recommends developing and improving the quality of 
services, with special attention to the conditions of access to services and telecommunications 
networks in isolated areas. Another opinion on "Young farmers and the problem of succession in 
European agriculture" calls for more forceful proposals on the prospects for agricultural holdings, the 
possibilities of diversification, the introduction of an information policy (in particular on 
opportunities for setting up in farming) and training. A third Cornmittee opinion on a policy for 
farming in mountain areas recommends that the agricultural, structural, regional, forestry, 
environment and other policies take account of the special features and natural handicaps of mountain 
areas so they can be preserved for the benefit of the population as a whole. 
In addition, at the time of drafting of the various opinions, in particular on the First Report on 
economic and social cohesion and "Agenda 2000" and the policies proposed for 1999 onwards, the 
9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 153 
Committee of the Regions was also asked to express its views on the proposals relating to the reform 
of the CAP and rural policy. 
At its meeting of 16 January, the Member of the Commission responsible for agriculture and rural 
development briefed the CoR on the conclusions of the Conference on rural development held in Cork 
in November 1996. 
The Committee of the Regions adopted an opinion on "The common fisheries policy: safeguarding of 
fisheries-dependent regions", the aim being to clarify the main points in the first opinion issued in 
1996 on the regional consequences of the CFP and to stress once more the need to develop a genuine 
partnership between the fishing industry, the Member States and the Commission. 
7.2. DIALOGUE WITH THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PARTNERS 
Partnership in the implementation of the Structural Funds 
Following on from activities in 1996 and the findings of the First Report on economic and social 
cohesion, the Commission's activities in the field of partnership followed three avenues, giving 
further consideration to improving and extending partnership, promoting new forms of partnership 
and stepping up certain partners' capacity to participate. 
Alongside its consideration of and proposals for future regulations on the Structural Funds, in 1997 
the Commission commenced a thematic evaluation of partnership (see section 3.2). Experience had 
revealed the variety of forms and organisation of partnership in the Member States, so the objective of 
the evaluation was to analyse the problems determining the effectiveness of partnership and 
developments therein. The evaluation will survey the repercussions of the administrative and 
organisational structure on regional development, analyse the types and structures of partnership and 
the way it works in the Member States, gauge its impact on the implementation of schemes and list 
good practices. 
The promotion of new forms of partnership took shape in 1997 with the launching of the territorial 
pacts for employment (see section 1.2.3) and the implementation of a pilot project for the long-term 
unemployed. 
Started by Parliament in 1995, the experimental scheme involving pilot measures for the benefit of the 
long-term unemployed (budget heading B2-605) was wound up in December 1997. With funding of 
ECU 15 million not stemming from the Structural Funds budget proper, the scheme sought to 
"evaluate the impact of measures for the exploitation of opportunities provided by new sources of 
employment for the long-term unemployed" (OJ C 199, 3.8.1995, p. 28). It constitutes the 
Commission's first attempt to investigate new sources of employment. In total 16 pilot measures were 
implemented in all the Member States except Luxembourg. The scheme's "experimental" nature 
called for a major effort in terms of innovation on the part of the public authorities and the private 
actors in charge of the pilot measures. 
The results have been very positive: leaving aside the results in terms of activities and jobs created, 
which were slight when set against the original conditions laid down (innovative objectives, less-
favoured regions and groups), the lessons drawn have been very tangible: 
1. New service activities have worthwhile potential in terms of creating jobs. The cases of Hérault 
(F), Merseyside (UK), West Ireland and Cadiz (E) show that jobs can be created at a competitive 
cost where the authorities rely on a network of well-established actors at local level, in particular 
in the cooperative, mutual and non-profit sector. 
2. Strategies directed towards self-employment have often been given priority; this calls for 
sustainable structures to provide back-up for project sponsors. 
154 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
3. By targeting a public who is particularly distant from the "conventional" labour market, the jobs 
created tend to be devalued by the priority accorded to integration into work over the creation of 
new activities. 
This pilot scheme will be the subject of a separate report to the budget authority. 
Dialogue with the economic and social partners at Community level 
The social partners are consulted each year at Community level in accordance with Article 31(2) of 
the Coordination Regulation. This enables the economic partners to be consulted on the 
implementation of the Funds and means the Commission can present the main developments in the 
past year. The January 1998 consultation relating to activities in 1997 mainly concerned the 
8th Annual Report on the Structural Funds (1996), the implementation of the territorial pacts for 
employment, the new Objective 2 programmes for 1997-99 and the future of the Structural Funds in 
the context of Agenda 2000. 
The partners' remarks on the 8th Annual Report (1996) highlighted the time limits for payment to 
final beneficiaries in the Member States and the difficulties certain Member States and regions 
experienced in mobilising the national contribution to funding, red tape and the importance of 
evaluation for the economic and social partners, since it gave them the opportunity to comment with 
full knowledge of the facts. 
As regards the new Objective 2 programmes, opinions were divided concerning the priority to be 
given to employment: some partners felt that assistance should be concentrated on aid which is 
adapted to enterprises; others stressed that the measures should focus on jobs in order to achieve 
quantifiable results. But all the partners emphasised the importance of creating sustainable, 
innovative, quality jobs. 
The launching of the territorial pacts for employment aroused keen interest on the part of the 
economic and social partners. In the face of these expectations, the latter reported a great variety of 
experiments involving new forms of partnership. As regards employment, the partners emphasised 
that however positive such experiments were, they did not provide an alternative to the economic 
policies of the Community and the Member States. 
The Commission's presentation of the future of the Structural Funds in the context of Agenda 2000 
received a generally favourable reaction. 
The Commission's objective in simplifying and clarifying the system for implementing the Structural 
Funds and increasing their effectiveness was also appreciated by the partners. Likewise, they 
encouraged the Cornmission to continue, according to its stated intention, to strengthen the principle 
of partnership by making it more binding, ensuring the economic and social partners took part when 
decisions were made on programmes and helping the partners by providing technical assistance and 
access to evaluation. For their part, the partners expressed differing opinions on the priorities for 
measures, with some advocating giving a higher profile to the priority for employment, in particular 
by stepping up measures in favour of human resources, and others taking the view that priority should 
be given to developing competitiveness as a prerequisite for developing employment, while the 
majority emphasised the need to invest in research and development and innovation. 
As regards enhancing the capacity of the various partners to participate, the technical assistance 
granted to the European Trade Union Confederation under Article 7 of the ERDF started to be 
implemented in 1996. Action to strengthen the trade unions' technical capacity to take part in the 
monitoring of structural measures involved organising a series of seminars in regions eligible under 
Objectives 1 and 2 and another series on particular topics and establishing a network of regional 
development experts. 
9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) ^ 155 
In the rural development field, the Advisory Committee on Questions of Agricultural Structure Policy 
met on three occasions, in April, July and October 1997. The Committee was briefed on the results of 
the Conference on rural development held in Cork (Ireland) in November 1996 and on the 
Commission's Agenda 2000 proposals regarding the Structural Funds and the CAP. The Committee 
also discussed the First Report on economic and social cohesion adopted in November 1996, the 
application of the socio-structural measures, employment in agriculture and multiple activities. 
The Advisory Cornmittee met jointly with the Committee on Agricultural Structures and Rural 
Development (STAR Committee) on 1 October for the presentation of a pilot project, financed under 
Article 8 of the EAGGF Guidance Section Regulation, concerning the plan for sustainable 
development, an innovative experiment to develop a dynamic, environment-friendly agricultural 
sector which also takes social concerns on board. 
The Committee's Working Group on Women met for the first time on 3 April to tackle the problems 
of female farmers, with stress on the precarious status of women working in the rural environment, 
the 4th programme for equal opportunities (1996-2000), the role of the Structural Funds and the 
application of the principle of equal opportunity in Community schemes, and possibilities of access to 
means of communication for women. 
In the fisheries sector, the Advisory Committee on Fisheries is the official body responsible for 
dialogue with the industry. In 1997, it received information and explanations concerning Agenda 
2000, the negotiation procedures for the multiannual guidance programme (MGP IV) and the link 
with the targets of MGP HI. 
7.3. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION, EXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCE 
Information and communication activities concerning the ERDF fall into several categories: 
- Activities of the Member States: The Commission continued gathering information on 
information and publicity measures carried out by the Member States2. This inventory 
should be completed in 1998, followed by a seminar involving an exchange of experience, at 
which the information activities for 2000-06 will be presented; 
Activities of the Commission: The Commission brought out a large number of publications, 
organised a major conference on economic and social cohesion, and part-financed 
participation in many events, the organisation of seminars and other one-off measures. 
The provision of information was also developed through new technologies. The establishment of a 
new Internet site (inforegio.org) represents an important innovation in the field of information on the 
ERDF and the Cohesion Fund. 
Lastly, following the First Report on economic and social cohesion published by the Commission at 
the end of 1996, a forum was organised on cohesion in Brussels in April 1997 (see section 1.1.1). 
Implementation of the policy for information and communication on the ESF continued in 1997. 
New publications were: 
• "Employment and industrial change", a booklet setting out examples of projects in the Member 
States under Objective 4; in 1998, four publications of the same sort will come out on 
Objective 3; 
2 As specified in Article 32 of Regulation (EC) No 4253/88 and the corresponding decision taken by the 
Commission on 31 May 1994. 
156 9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
• "Territorial employment pacts: Examples of good practice", a booklet giving examples of 
employment pacts part-financed by the Structural Funds; 
• three issues of the information magazine "ESF InfoReview". 
Events included the preparation of a portable display explaining pilot projects on the information 
society (RISI) and participation in or organisation of several events under the ESF on the integration 
of young people into working life (Stockholm, S), the vocational integration of the handicapped 
(Luxembourg), pathways to integration (Brugge, B), the Employment-Integra Community Initiative 
(Barcelona, E) and women starting their own businesses (Brussels, B). In addition, a large part of 
1997 was devoted to the organisation of the first Community convention on the European Social 
Fund, which was held on 26, 27 and 28 May 1998. 
In the second half of the year, the stress was put on awareness measures targeting the media and 
involving a list of "ESF media" (print media, radio and television stations) and one-off measures 
connected with events. 
As regards the exchange of know-how between Member States, two meetings of those responsible at 
national level for information on the ESF took place in May and November 1997. Those attending 
stressed how valuable such meetings were as a venue for direct contact between the Member States 
and the Commission and exchanges of experience on successful information measures. The network 
thus created was kept up to date regularly through a bulletin of "information on information", which 
came out three times in 1997. Two meetings of this informal network are scheduled for 1998. 
The Cornmission stepped up its work in the field of rural development policy by devising a strategy 
to to publicise its operations. To that end, it called on a service company, which is to start work in 
1998. Hitherto, vital information has been circulated through the European rural development 
network. The Commission gave the task of organising the latter to the European Association for 
Information on Local Development. Publications are an important part of its tasks,. The Association 
publishes "Info Evader" (a bulletin of the network coming out ten times a year in seven languages), 
"Leader Magazine" (three issues in 1997, publicising the results of I_eader and covering the main 
debates on rural development in Europe); and "Innovative Directories" (methodology guides and 
other technical dossiers). In 1997, titles published were 'The collective organisation of a sector for 
the local valorisation of agricultural resources: the example of cheese processing"; "Organising local 
partnerships"; "Innovation and rural development", 'Transnational cooperation", plus a map of 
Leader areas for the European Leader seminar organised by the Association in conjunction with the 
Commission on 9, 10 and 11 November 1997. Most of the information is also available on the 
Commission's Internet site, linked to the site "Rural Europe", which is in six languages and permits 
exchanges between rural actors and participation in forums. 
In the fisheries sector, several schemes targeted the industry and the general public. These included 
the following: 
• With FTFG technical assistance, a major information campaign on fish, targeting consumers in all 
countries of the Union. The campaign sought in particular to promote inexpensive species which 
are not overfished and have a high nutritional value. The campaign included special measures 
aimed at young people, who are not large consumers of fish. 
An (annual) conference on a particular topic, this time covering the processing of fishery and 
aquaculture products. The conference was attended by approximately 350 people from the trade; 
the first lessons drawn from this extensive survey of the sector concerned the preservation of an 
environment favourable to the development of processing of fishery and aquaculture products and 
competitiveness in an international context in constant flux. 
9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 137~ ^ S V 
• En connection with the transnational measures under the Pesca Community Initiative: 
- a monthly information bulletin entitled "Pesca Info" distributed to 5 000 subscribers; to date 
12 issues have been published in all the Community languages; 
- three interregional meetings - one in Spain (Palma de Mallorca) on disseminating and 
exploiting the results of fisheries research in the Mediterranean, one in France (Lorient) on 
the processing of fish, and one in Italy (Sciacca) on the restructuring of fishing fleets in the 
Mediterranean. 
• Lastly, the commitment in 1997 of ECU 400 000 as the FEFG contribution to the European 
Union's pavilion at Expo '98 in Lisbon on the theme "The oceans, a heritage for the future". This 
is an international exhibition for the general public. Around one million people are expected to 
visit the pavilion. 
5^. RO­
ANNE-CES 
Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective 
Annex 2: Financial implementation 1994-97 of the Community Initiatives 
Annex 3: Financial implementation 1994-97 of transitional and innovative measures 
Annex 4: Pilot projects and innovative actions under the ERDF, ESF and EAGGF 
Annex 5: Major projects 1994-97 
Annex 6: Implementation of appropriations in 1997 by budget heading (not including 
decommitments and carryovers) 
Annex 7: Programme implementation by Member State (Objectives and Community Initiatives) for 
1997 under the 1994-99 programme 
Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective' 
OBJECTIVE 1 - CSF 
ECU million 
B 
D 
EL 
E 
F 
IRL 
1 
NL 
A 
P 
UK 
TOTAL Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
%'(2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97(1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments'1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/ri) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97(1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2V(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2y(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97(1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(1) ERDF 
81,68 
223,86 
54,01 
167,76 
75% 
1.417,07 
4.159,39 
967,13 
3.207,59 
77% 
1.707,07 
6.015,63 
1.091,15 
4.182,03 
70% 
2.703,90 
10.827,81 
2.670,00 
8.051,87 
74% 
97,18 
466,69 
, 157,62 
378,94 
• 81% 
110,59 
1.451,05 
396,76 
1.301,30 
90% 
1.974,28 
5.632,63 
823,93 
3.555,64 
63% 
10,40 
34,70 
11,09 
30,53 
88% 
39,42 
59,38 
18,87 
34,84 
59% 
1.622,21 
6.380,86 
1.547,16 
5.277,54 
83% 
306,10 
854,55 
175,07 
621,95 
73% 
10.069,90 
36.106,55 
7.912,80 
26.809,99 
74% ESF 
38,30 
103,45 
42,02 
90,05 
87% 
638,65 
2.414,63 
796,88 
2.108,07 
87% 
291,96 
1.093,40 
261,40 
793,36 
73% 
1.037,97 
3.864,39 
845,26 
3.242,37 
84% 
31,33 
299,60 
53,85 
262,44 
88% 
326,74 
1.267,25 
338,70 
1.184,47 
93% 
1.141,36 
1.775,18 
414,75 
737,36 
42% 
0,47 
8,67 
3,61 
8,67 
100% 
5,23 
10,27 
4,82 
8,85 
86% 
408,05 
1.941,44 
364,71 
1.539,61 
79% 
138,69 
460,27 
92,75 
351,59 
76% 
4.058,77 
13.238,55 
3.218,75 
10.326,83 
78% EAGGF 
22,00 
9,58 
44% 
457,46 
1.825,71 
413,43 
1.399,51 
77% 
339,05 
1.354,17 
307,79 
1.098,81 
81% 
777,41 
2.296,55 
484,59 
1.733,64 
75% 
41,45 
191,98 
70,20 
167,69 
87% 
272,42 
865,05 
144,21 
679,90 
79% 
396,27 
1.101,06 
330,85 
722,91 
66% 
4,72 
11,42 
4,12 
9,51 
83% 
5,35 
14,11 
5,04 
12,05 
85%, 
283,11 
1.436,28 
313,18 
1.048,30 
73% 
151,15 
24,48 
125,81 
83% 
2.577,23 
9.269,47 
2.097,90 
7.007,70 
76% FIFG 
0,37 
0,19 
50% 
1,09 
47,59 
12,73 
39,47 
83% 
29,72 
66,82 
31,74 
55,63 
83% 
183,06 
645,84 
193,69 
532,38 
82% 
3,35 
9,66 
1,69 
5,15 
53% 
11,84 
29,25 
12,78 
26,71 
91% 
31,41 
97,95 
21,75 
56,97 
58% 
0,08 
2,88 
0,85 
2,43 
84% 
-
39,84 
112,00 
28,77 
86,99 
78% 
7,82 
24,86 
9,05 
17,87 
72% 
308,22 
1.037,21 
313,06 
823,80 
79% Total 
119,99 
349,68 
96,03 
267,57 
77% 
2.514,27 
8.447,32 
2.190,17 
6.754,64 
80% 
2.367,79 
8.530,02 
1.692,08 
6.129,82 
72% 
4.702,34 
17.634,60 
4.193,54 
13.560,26 
77% 
173,31 
967,92 
283,36 
814,22 
84% 
721,59 
3.612,59 
892,44 
3.192,37 
88% 
3.543,32 
8.606,82 
1.591,29 
5.072,88 
59% 
15,68 
57,68 
19,68 
51,15 
89% 
50,00 
83,76 
28,73 
55,74 
67% 
2.353,21 
9.870,57 
2.253,82 
7.952,44 
81% 
452,62 
1.490,82 
301,36 
1.117,22 
75% 
17.014,11 
59.651,78 
13.542,51 
44.968.31 
75% 
Including decommitments, carryovers and 
* Budget headings B2-1000, B2-1100, B2-appropriations made available again 
1200, B2-1300, programming period 1994-99 
161 
Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective1 
OBJECTIVE 2 - CSF 
ECU million 
B 
DK 
D 
E 
F 
1 
L 
NL 
A 
FIN 
S 
UK 
TOTAL Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1)' 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2V(1) 
Commitments 1997. 
Commitments 1994-97(1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/{1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2V(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(1) ERDF 
74,01 
184,63 
88,17 
122,59 
66% 
23,23 
67,77 
30,81 
50,68 
75% 
250,66 
733,55 
275,18 
506,01 
69% 
254,15 
1.044,57 
231,96 
674,20 
65% 
621,36 
1.960,81 
748,14 
1.419,95 
72% 
332,42 
748,83 
247,66 
436,64 
58% 
8,01 
12,57 
4,00 
7,02 
56% 
94,03 
238,00 
103,84 
158,32 
67% 
7,76 
54,30 
17,44 
38,71 
71% 
40,77 
86,89 
32,60 
59,23 
68% 
83,22 
25,50 
52,28 
63% 
490,70 
2.016,25 
760,96 
1.471,99 
73% 
2.197,10 
7.231,40 
2.566,26 
4.997,62 
69% ESF 
11,42 
41,40 
14,19 
29,79 
72% 
9,85 
18,38 
8,94 
12,73 
69% 
140,29 
323,32 
105,31 
214,16 
66% 
-27,04 
218,93 
2,78 
167,75 
77% 
138,79 
359,50 
101,69 
265,34 
74% 
89,87 
187,42 
32,03 
88,11 
47% 
1,63 
3,09 
0,91 
2,18 
70% 
63,45 
123,64 
42,35 
79,67 
64% 
3,84 
22,86 
6,73 
18,47 
81% 
16,09 
22,39 
10,87 
14,02 
63% 
22,56 
11,28 
50% 
153,06 
688,18 
160,40 
539,71 
78% 
601,26 
2.031,66 
486,22 
1.443,21 
71% EAGGF FIFG Total 
85,42 
226,03 
102,37 
152,37 
67% 
33,08 
86,15 
39,75 
63,41 
74% 
390,95 
1.056,87 
380,49 
720,17 
68% 
227,12 
1.263,51 
234,74 
841,95 
67% 
760,15 
2.320,31 
849,83 
1.685,29 
73% 
422,28 
936,26 
279,70 
524,75 
56% 
9,64 
15,66 
4,92 
9,20 
59% 
157,48 
361,63 
146,19 
237,99 
66% 
11,61 
77,15 
24,17 
57,19 
74% 
56,87 
109,28 
43,47 
73,25 
67% 
105,78 
25,50 
63,56 
60% 
643,76 
2.704,43 
921,36 
2.011,70 
74% 
2.798,35 
9.263,06 
3.052,48 
6.440,83 
70% 
Including decommitments, carryovers and appropriations made available again 
* Budget headings B2-1201, B2-1301, programming period 1994-99 
162 
Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective* 
OBJECTIVE 3 - CSF 
ECU million 
B 
DK 
D 
E 
F 
1 
L 
NL 
A 
FIN 
S 
UK 
TOTAL Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97(1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2V(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(1) ERDF ESF 
69,96 
262,52 
61,61 
218,04 
83% 
42,22 
169,22 
39,60 
154,79 
91% 
128,68 
949,08 
295,79 
817,56 
86% 
251,42 
917,93 
208,35 
725,01 
79% 
221,02 
1.421,01 
274,77 
1.181,33 
83% 
472,23 
822,57 
160,96 
363,64 
44% 
3,31 
13,17 
3,73 
12,68 
96% 
159,41 
593,91 
141,99 
519,92 
88% 
135,60 
265,35 
95,39 
199,19 
75% 
71,90 
167,22 
53,03 
104,29 
62% 
92,58 
165,58 
68,55 
105,05 
63% 
551,23 
2.603,03 
288,56 
1.688,82 
65% 
2.199.57 
8.350,60 
1.692,32 
6.090,30 
73% EAGGF FIFG Total 
69,96 
262,52 
61,61 
218,04 
83% 
42,22 
169,22 
39,60 
154,79 
91% 
128,68 
949,08 
295,79 
817,56 
86% 
251,42 
917,93 
208,35 
725,01 
79% 
221,02 
1.421,01 
274,77 
1.181,33 
83% 
472,23 
822,57 
160,96 
363,64 
44% 
3,31 
13,17 
3,73 
12,68 
96% 
159,41 
593,91 
141,99 
519,92 
88% 
135,60 
265,35 
95,39 
199,19 
75% 
71,90 
167,22 
53,03 
104,29 
62% 
92,58 
165,58 
68,55 
105,05 
63% 
551,23 
2.603,03 
288,56 
1.688,82 
65% 
2.199,57 
8.350,60 
1.692,32 
6.090,30 
73% 
Including decommitments, carryovers and appropriations 
* Budget heading B2-1302. programming period 1994-99 made available again 
163 
Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective* 
OBJECTIVE 4 - CSF 
ECU million 
B 
DK 
D 
E 
F 
1 
L 
NL 
A 
FIN 
S 
TOTAL Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97(1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(1) ERDF ESF 
18,94 
35,32 
9,43 
17,66 
50% 
7,43 
20,43 
4,99 
15,66 
77% 
33,56 
89,78 
33,09 
56,59 
63% 
47,04 
214,69 
81,26 
157,11 
73% 
98,02 
285,09 
83,14 
180,45 
63% 
164,37 
263,27 
85,67 
135,12 
51% 
O.SO 
0,59 
66% 
64,72 
86,95 
52,07 
63,19 
73% 
20,91 
32,61 
10,49 
19,85 
61% 
21,92 
45,52 
15,09 
28,00 
62% 
37,50 
18,75 
50% 
476,92 
1.112,05 
375,23 
692,99 
62% EAGGF 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
. 
-
-
-
-FIFG 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Total 
18,94 
35,32 
9,43 
17,66 
50% 
7,43 
20,43 
4,99 
15,66 
77% 
33,56 
89,78 
33,09 
56,59 
63% 
47,04 
214,69 
81,26 
157,11 
73% 
98,02 
285,09 
83,14 
180,45 
63% 
164,37 
263,27 
85,67 
135,12 
51% 
0,90 
0,59 
66% 
64,72 
86,95 
52,07 
63,19 
73% 
20,91 
32,61 
10,49 
19,85 
61% 
21,92 
45,52 
15,09 
28,00 
62% 
37,50 
18,75 
50% 
476,92 
1.112,05 
375,23 
692,99 
62% 
Including decommitments, carryovers and appropriations made available again 
* Budget heading B2-1303, programming period 1994-99 
164 
Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective" 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture - CSF 
ECU million 
B 
DK 
D 
E 
F 
1 
L 
NL 
A 
FIN 
S 
UK 
TOTAL Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97(1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2V(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97(1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2V(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% <2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2V(1) ERDF ESF EAGGF 
25,60 
105,43 
20,89 
79,99 
76% 
17,02 
77,77 
20,58 
61,84 
80% 
168,23 
682,79 
146,05 
533,21 
78% 
72,53 
174,94 
67,79 
152,34 
87% 
385,02 
1.124,41 
368,11 
817,97 
73% 
122,95 
372,11 
139,66 
239,46 
64% 
16,53 
4,60 
15,18 
92% 
5,02 
39,34 
2,35 
20,98 
53% 
70,10 
207,55 
81,23 
189,11 
91% 
67,14 
181,88 
109,35 
166,65 
92% 
13,82 
54,04 
14,00 
48,73 
90% 
26,16 
126,56 
21,44 
97,18 
77% 
973,59 
3.163,35 
996,04 
2.422,64 
77%. FIFG Total 
25,60 
105,43 
20,89 
79,99 
76% 
17,02 
77,77 
20,58 
61,84 
80% 
168,23 
682,79 
146,05 
533,21 
78% 
72,53 
174,94 
67,79 
152,34 
87% 
385,02 
1.124,41 
368,11 
817,97 
73% 
122,95 
372,11 
139,66 
239,46 
64% 
16,53 
4,60 
1.5,18 
92% 
5,02 
39,34 
2,35 
20,98 
53% 
70,10 
207,55 
81,23 
189,11 
91% 
67,14 
181,88 
109,35 
166,65 
92% 
13,82 
54,04 
14,00 
48,73 
90% 
26,16 
126,56 
21,44 
97,18 
77% 
973,59 
3.163,35 
996,04 
2.422,64 
77% 
Including decommitments, carryovers and appropriations made available again 
* Budget headings B2-1001, B2-1002, programming period 1994-99 
165 
Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective* 
OBJECTIVE 5(a) fisheries - CSF 
ECU million 
B 
DK 
D 
E 
F 
1 
L 
NL 
A 
FIN 
S 
UK 
TOTAL Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97(1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2M(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%<2)/(1) ERDF ESF EAGGF FIFG 
24,50 
19,83 
81% 
69,87 
27,94 
58,23 
83% 
0,12 
37,76 
8,85 
28,87 
76% 
22,28 
82,00 
23,16 
65,86 
80% 
31,61 
94,88 
25,29 
66,42 
70% 
2,75 
47,52 
2,47 
25,60 
54% 
1,10 
0,11 
10% 
15,52 
12,66 
82% 
2,00 
1,00 
50% 
23,00 
11,50 
18,40 
80% 
0,21 
40,21 
20,00 
32,00 
80% 
44,33 
20,39 
40,49 
91% 
56,97 
482,69 
139,60 
369,47 
77% Total 
24,50 
19,83 
81% 
69,87 
27,94 
58,23 
83% 
0,12 
37,76 
8,85 
28,87 
76% 
22,28 
82,00 
23,16 
65,86 
80% 
31,61 
94,88 
25,29 
66,42 
70% 
2,75 
47,52 
2,47 
25,60 
54% 
1.10 
0,11 
10% 
15,52 
12,66 
82% 
2,00 
1,00 
50% 
23,00 
11,50 
18,40 
80% 
0,21 
40,21 
20,00 
32,00 
80% 
44,33 
20,39 
40,49 
91% 
56,97 
482,69 
139,60 
369,47 
77% 
Including decommitments, carryovers and appropriations made available again 
* Budget heading B2-1101 except for measures under Article 4 of the FIFG Regulation, programming 
period 1994-99 
Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective* 
Objectif5(b)-CSF 
ECU million 
B 
DK 
D 
E 
F 
1 
L 
NL 
A 
FIN 
S 
UK 
TOTAL Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2y(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2V(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2V(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97(1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(1) ERDF 
6,84 
11,67 
4,28 
6,69 
57% 
9,25 
15,18 
9,75 
13,49 
89% 
113,30 
284,99 
51,25 
190,77 
67% 
24,96 
106,94 
26,22 
95,43 
89%. 
234,59 
518,86 
179,70 
381,15 
73% 
62,89 
106,75 
34,24 
56,17 
53% 
0,55 
0,98 
0,47 
0,69 
70% 
16,86 
32,97 
9,38 
21,81 
66% 
34,43 
76,10 
32,31 
60,15 
79% 
18,96 
50,15 
15,10 
27,35 
55% 
4,61 
38,70 
17,37 
29,08 
75% 
131,33 
261,86 
87,24 
178,07 
68% 
658,57 
1.505,15 
467,31 
1.060,86 
70% ESF 
1,48 
5,74 
0,90 
3,74 
65% 
1,42 
2,70 
0,95 
1,73 
64% 
64,70 
107,55 
50,56 
77,46 
72% 
12,81 
35,38 
9,48 
22,93 
65% 
38,00 
131,12 
36,39 
109,09 
83% 
21,63 
36,40 
9,62 
17,07 
47% 
0,13 
0,24 
0,18 
0,24 
100% 
0,45 
2,91 
0,64 
2,13 
73% 
7,10 
34,63 
4.80 
24,61 
71% 
7,26 
13,56 
4,46 
7,13 
53% 
12,83 
4,59 
36% 
13,37 
67,60 
13,86 
52,28 
77% 
168,35 
450,66 
131,85 
323,00 
72% EAGGF 
0,54 
7,49 
1,54 
4,34 
58% 
6,30 
4,00 
5,29 
84% 
91,80 
326,72 
82,52 
262,86 
80% 
53,54 
263,38 
52,61 
212,80 
75% 
188,48 
520,17 
146,00 
380,00 
73% 
37,53 
119,48 
29,21 
63,19 
53% 
1,03 
1,33 
0,85 
1,00 
75% 
3,82 
26,40 
9,26 
20,59 
78% 
8,16 
68,92 
21,55 
52,40 
76% 
10,64 
22,24 
11,18 
19,87 
89% 
17,99 
6,34 
35% 
• 9,65 
28,51 
8,88 
20,52 
72% 
405,19 
1.428,93 
367,62 
1.049,20 
73% FIFG Total 
8,87 
24,90 
6,72 
14,77 
59% 
10,67 
24,18 
14,71 
20,51 
85% 
269,81 
719,26 
184,32 
531,10 
74% 
91,31 
425,70 
88,31 
331,15 
78% 
461,06 
1.170,15 
362,10 
870,24 
74% 
122,04 
262,63 
73,08 
136,43 
52% 
1,70 
2,55 
1,50 
1,92 
76% 
21,12 
62,28 
19,28 
44,54 
72% 
49,70 
179,65 
58,66 
137,16 
76% 
36,86 
85,94 
30,74 
54,35 
63% 
4,61 
69,52 
17,37 
40,01 
58% 
154,34 
357,97 
109,98 
250,87 
70% 
1.232,11 
3.384,74 
966,78 
2.433,06 
72% 
Including decommitments, carryovers and 
* Budget headings B2-1003, B2-1202, B2 appropriations made available again 
1304, programming period 1994-99 
167 
Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective* 
OBJECTIVE 6 - CSF 
ECU million 
FIN 
S 
TOTAL Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(1) ERDF 
33,20 
86,10 
28,88 
46,80 
54% 
22,93 
44,79 
24,90 
35,83 
80% 
56,13 
130,89 
53,78 
82,63 
63% ESF 
28,82 
63,40 
20,52 
38,83 
61% 
11,39 
5,70 
50% 
28,82 
74,79 
20,52 
44,52 
60% EAGGF 
51,30 
121,30 
30,92 
76,96 
63% 
22,41 
3,44 
17,93 
80% 
51,30 
143,71 
34,36 
94,88 
66% FIFG 
0,80 
1,50 
0,78 
1,13 
75% 
0,77 
1,50 
0,22 
0,58 
39% 
1,57 
3,00 
1,00 
1,72 
57% Total 
114,12 
272,30 
81,09 
163,71 
60% 
23,70 
80,09 
28,56 
60,04 
75% 
137,82 
352,39 
109,65 
223,75 
63% 
Including decommitments, carryovers and 
* Budget headings B2-1004, B2-1102, B2-appropriations made available again 
1203, B2-1305, programming period 1994- 99 
168 
Annex 2: Financial implementation 1994-97* of the Community Initiatives** 
ECU million 
Adapt 
Employment 
Leader 
Pesca 
SMEs 
Rechar 
Regis 
Konver 
Résider 
Retex 
Urban 
Interreg/Peacc 
TOTAL Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97(1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
% (2)/{1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(1) ERDF 
10,04 
5,02 
50% 
0,04 
9,63 
0,51 
5,10 
53% 
81,92 
408,67 
56,62 
170,28 
42% 
3,28 
88,88 
28,60 
33,10 
37% 
122,89 
479,86 
120,15 
264,29 
55% 
89,07 
342,35 
55,32 
172,96 
51% 
77,37 
264,46 
47,87 
193,02 
73% 
' 175,10 
493,57 
58,73 
214,76 
44% 
94,98 
376,04 
52,67 
196,04 
52% 
84,03 
389,62 
55,73 
192,06 
49% 
88,89 
409,96 
61,70 
205,00 
50% 
409,58 
1.699,90 
361,62 
1.005,64 
59% 
1.227,15 
4.972,99 
899,53 
2.657,28 
53% ESF 
125,43 
645,48 
147,93 
382,50 
59% 
281,23 
843,65 
246,14 
566,13 
67% 
10,51 
84,91 
3,62 
31,86 
38% 
13,65 
23,55 
4,15 
7,48 
32% 
10,45 
38,92 
3,49 
15,78 
41% 
24,26 
63,43 
20,13 
39,71 
63% 
8,69 
20,57 
6,81 
11,91 
58% 
16,33 
69,08 
9,96 
36,34 
53% 
10,12 
40,53 
9,43 
23,96 
59% 
1,74 
15,71 
1,06 
8,05 
51% 
29,21 
80,51 
13,94 
36,89 
46% 
66,45 
155,00 
50,26 
89,36 
58% 
598,08 
2.081,34 
516,95 
1.249,95 
60% EAGGF 
65,42 
384,68 
43,87 
168,28 
44% 
4,60 
21,60 
1,11 
8,13 
38% 
30,59 
84,03 
26,55 
49,77 
59% 
100,60 
490,32 
71,53 
226,18 
46% FIFG 
3,63 
96,10 
1,16 
31,12 
32% 
0,80 
0,30 
38% 
0,53 
1,12 
0,26 
0,56 
50% 
4,16 
98,02 
1,42 
31,99 
33% Total 
125,43 
655,52 
147,93 
387,52 
59% 
281,27 
853,28 
246,65 
571,23 
67% 
157,85 
878,27 
104,11 
370,43 
42% 
20,56 
208,52 
33,91 
71,71 
34% 
133,34 
518,78 
123,65 
280,07 
54% 
113,33 
405,78 
75,44 
212,67 
52% 
90,65 
307,43 
55,79 
213,37 
69% 
191,43 
562,65 
68,69 
251,10 
45% 
105,10 
416,57 
62,11 
220,00 
53% 
85,78 
405,33 
56,79 
200,11 
49% 
118,10 
490,47 
75,64 
241,88 
49% 
507,15 
1.940,05 
438,71 
1.145,32 
59% 
1.929,98 
7.642,66 
1.489,42 
4.165,40 
55% 
Including decommitments, carryovers and appropriations made available again 
* Programming period 1994-99 
" Budget headings B2-1400, B2-1410, B2-1412, B2-1420, B2-1421, B2-1422, B2-1423, B2-1424, B2-1430, 
B2-1431, B2-1432, B2-1433, B2-1440, B2-1450, B2-1460, 82-1470 
169 
Annex 3: Financial implementation 1994-97* of transitional and innovative 
measures** 
ECU million 
B 
DK 
D 
EL 
E 
F 
IRL 
1 
L 
NL 
A 
P 
FIN 
S 
UK Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97(1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97(1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97(2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) ERDF 
2,79 
2,79 
1,65 
8,30 
2,66 
2,86 
1,16 
4,46 
9,63 
12,22 
7,19 
37,33 
7,38 
9,49 
3,41 
11,00 
13,13 
70,37 
5,16 
55,61 
11,46 
11,51 
4,91 
37,70 
5,18 
26,56 
3,42 
25,95 
10,04 
11,24 
10,52 
43,66 
• 
3,95 
3,95 
1,71 
12,35 
2,24 
2,49 
0,96 
0,96 
3,31 
62,07 
2,39 
64,55 
3,10 
3,35 
1,34 
1,34 
2,38 
2,63 
1.15 
1,15 
6,44 
9,95 
5,57 
12,10 ESF 
.17,35 
89,86 
19,90 
90,32 
3,05 
9,35 
1,66 
5,77 
3,01 
14,51 
2,40 
10,66 
0,80 
30,94 
0,81 
19,58 
4,47 
10,85 
1,81 
14,16 
11,05 
17,15 
6,14 
17,90 
4,09 
11,64 
3,12 
11,14 
4,01 
19,13 
2,72 
23,83 
0,62 
2,25 
0,26 
1,41 
0,48 
4,18 
0,62 
3,05 
0,54 
1.55 
0,29 
0,87 
0,68 
9,92 
0,43 
7,02 
1,30 
2,58 
0,55 
1,16 
2,77 
5,19 
1,30 
2,42 
3,13 
9,55 
1,27 
10,89 EAGGF 
3,43 
7,11 
1,06 
3,20 
0,20 
0,20 
0,21 
0,01 
2,13 
0,20 
1.70 
0,56 
6,48 
-0,46 
7,63 
3,31 
12,74 
0,41 
10,39 
1,55 
25,13 
1,65 
5,23 
0,28 
30,10 
0,86 
61,07 
0,00 
0,27 
0,11 
0,55 
0,20 
0,33 
0,06 
-1,33 
6,45 
0,04 
7,62 
0,20 
0,61 
0,24 
0,25 
0,57 
0,58 
0,02 
0,01 
0,71 
0,12 
3,00 FIFG 
0,31 
1,16 
0,25 
0,73 
1,66 
6,08 
1,20 
2,75 
0,96 
2,70 
0,40 
1,18 
2,07 
5,71 
0,72 
3,42 
3,91 
14,66 
3,17 
9,04 
1.55 
5,77 
1,09 
4,33 
3,43 
4,30 
0,12 
0,89 
2,81 
6,15 
1,19 
5,08 
-
0,51 
4,20 
0,89 
2,88 
-
0,57 
5,68 
0,93 
3,65 
0,59 
0,24 
0,24 
0,34 
1,51 
0,21 
0,35 
1,86 
12,13 
2,70 
6,88 Total 
23,88 
100,93 
22,86 
102,55 
7,57 
18,49 
4,02 
13,19 
13,61 
31,55 
10,19 
50,87 
10,25 
46,70 
4,94 
40,49 
21,05 
103,51 
13,45 
91,55 
24,46 
44,82 
13,68 
85,07 
12,70 
44,15 
6,66 
43,21 
17,13 
66,62 
15,29 
133,64 
0,62 
2,25 
0,26 
1,41 
4,94 
12,60 
3,33 
18,82 
2,98 
4,37 
1,25 
1,89 
3,23 
84,11 
3,79 
82,84 
4,60 
7,33 
2,36 
2,99 
6,06 
9,90 
2,66 
3,93 
11,45 
32,33 
9,66 
32,87 
Including decommitments, carryovers and appropriations made available again 
* Payments do not necessarily refer to commitments in the same period 
" Budget headings B2-1800, B2-1810, B2-1820, B2-1830 
170 
ECU million 
COMMUNITY 
TOTAL Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) ERDF 
85,52 
191,19 
56,80 
164,49 
169,21 
422,67 
107,33 
480,95 ESF 
0,25 
0,42 
0,91 
3,88 
57,61 
239,07 
44,18 
224,06 EAGGF 
.0,26 
0,45 
3,79 
69,35 
7,49 
127,27 FIFG 
0,69 
0,84 
0.00 
20,66 
71,47 
13,10 
41.43 Total 
86,72 
192,91 
57,70 
168,37 
251,26 
802,56 
172,10 
873,70 
171 
Annex 4: Pilot projects and innovative actions under the ERDF, ESF 
and EAGGF 
European Community Business and Innovation Centres and 
territorial pacts for employment adopted in 1997 under Article 7 of 
the ERDF Regulation 
ECU million 
Total 
cost ERDF 
contrib. 
European Community Business and Innovation Centres 
DK 
D 
E 
A 
FIN 
S 
UK 
EU North Jutland 
Schmalkalden 
Bahfa de Cadiz 
Ciudad Real 
Auch 
Caen 
Pau 
Cornouaille 
Busto Ars'izio 
Catanzaro 
Salerno 
Trento 
Aosta 
Legnano 
Eisenstadt 
North Karelia 
South Karelia 
Vaasa 
Umea 
Kent 
Nottingham 
Ariège/Berga (France/Spain) 1,329 
1,017 
0,632 
0,793 
0,623 
1,152 
0,826 
0,811 
0,791 
0,773 
0,773 
0,734 
0,636 
0,753 
1,144 
1,009 
1,198 
0,930 
1,326 
0,579 
1,209 
1,164 0,532 
0,421 
0,316 
0,397 
0,249 
0,445 
0,314 
0,316 
0,317 
0,387 
0,387 
0,294 
0,254 
0,301 
0,572 
0,504 
0,482 
0,372 
0,614 
0,231 
0,417 
0,582 
Territorial pacts for employment 
B Hainaut industrial basin 
Western Brabant Wallon 
D Drehscheibe Chemnitz 
North-Rhine Westphalia 
Zeitz 
EL AchaTa 
Athens-West Piraeus 
Drama 
Imathia 
Kozani-Florina 
Magnesia 
Viotia 
Bahfa de Cadiz 
Ceuta 
Cuenca Minera de Asturias 
Cuencas Mineras de Palencia y Leôn 
Melilla 
Vallès Occidental (Catalonia) 
Hérault 
Les Hauts de la Réunion 
Pays de la Pointe des Ardennes (Champagne-Ardennes) 
Roubaix - Tourcoing - Vallée de la Lys (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) 
Saint HerWain, Couëron et Indre (Pays de la Loire) 
IRL Drogheda/Dundalk 
Dublin 
Limerick 
Westmeath 
Agro Nocerino Sarnese 
Alto Belice Corleonese 
Appennino Centrale 
Area Nord-Est délia provincia di Napoli 
Calatino-Sud Simeto 
Catania 
Matese 
Nord Barese 
Oris ta no 
Sangro-Aventino (Abruzzo) 0,250 
0,203 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,172 
0,295 
0,165 
0,165 
0,251 
0,184 
0,165 
0,247 
0,121 
0,235 
0,250 
0,100 
0,250 
0,320 
0,259 
0,250 
0,275 
0,243 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 0,200 
0,162 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,138 
0,200 
0,132 
0,132 
0,200 
0,147 
0,132 
0,198 
0,097 
0,188 
0,200 
0,080 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,194 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
172 
ECU million 
i Total I ERDF 
cost contrib. 
L Dudelange 0,250 0,200 
NL Revoland 0,275 0,200 
Limburg 0,300 0,200 
Noord-Brabant 0,300 0,200 
P Alentejo 0,250 0,200 
Marinha Grande 0,250 0,200 
Vale do Sousa 0,250 0,200 
FIN Kemi 0,250 0,200 
Lahti 0,250 0,200 
Northeast Lapland 0,199 0,159 
S Jamtland 0,250 0,200 
UK Birmingham - Solihull - Black Country 0,250 0,200 
East Midlands - 3 cities: Derby, Nottingham and Leicester 0,270 0,200 
Haringey 0,321 0,200 
Metropolitan Borough of Bamsley 0,251 0,200 
South Tyneside 0,279 0,200 
St Helens 0,250 0,200 
173 
Annex 4: Pilot projects and innovative actions under the ERDF, ESF and 
Pilot projects adopted in 1997 under Article 10 of the ERDF Regulation 
ECU million 
Total 
cost ERDF 
contrib. 
National Interrégional cooperation 
Europartenariat France - Massif Central 1997 
Europartenariat The Netherlands *98 
Dlrectoria V (Strasbourg) 3,297 
3,188 
1,305 1,000 
0,971 
0,850 
Technology transfer • RIS 
EL Sterna Ellada 
Thessaly 
E Castilla-La Mancha 
Pafe Vasco 
I Puglia 
FIN Northern Ostrobothnla 
UK Strathdyde 
West Midlands 0,500 
0,400 
0,471 
0,389 
0,500 
0,500 
0,497 
0,502 0,250 
0,200 
0,236 
0,195 
0,250 
0,250 
0,249 
0,250 
Technology transfer - (RTT) 
EL "Interact!" 
"Progress" 
E "Footwear" 
•Recycle' 
I "IFT" 
UK "Adagio" 
"Esteem" 0,099 
0,100 
0,137 
0,100 
0,100 
0,100 
0,100 0,074 
0,075 
0,075 
0,075 
0,075 
0,075 
0.07S 
Information society - strategy (RISI) 
B FASIL 
EL "Rise" 
E INFODEX 
F "ACTI Limousin' 
Serise 
I Arianna 
UK "Compris" 0,500 
0,500 
0,500 
0,499 
0,500 
0,500 
0,500 0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
Information society - (RISI 2) 
D "Idan" 
EL "Temeten" 
E "Ouea" 
F "Enterskillnet" 
IRL "Crlsm" 
A -RMP" 
P Tourist" 3,120 
4,670 
2,092 
3,932 
2,222 
4,251 
3,490 1,560 
2,335 
1,046 
1,586 
1,111 
2,126 
1,745 
EL Culture 
B "Promise" 
C Development centre for cultural tourism In the County of Storstrem 
"Amphora" 
"European Tower Network" 
1MKA" 
"CIED" 
"Multi-Cultural Tourism" 
"Sanveral" 
Trapowa" 
V/ltranet" 
•Attas" 
"Emporlon" 
"La cultura del agua" 
"Lucano" 
•Progress" 
"Stratcurt" 
"Ciste" 
"Missions" 
"Reppis" 
"Réveil" 
"Simine" 
Tosca" 
"Bradan" 
"Econcraft* 
"Casa Europa* 
"Cultura materiale" 
"Reva" 
"Eurotex+B97" 
"Pro Vita Alpina" 
"Arqueotex" 
'Ceeact* 
"Pleiades' 
"Coast heritage" 
"Echo" 
"Our dty/Notre ville" IRL 1,165 
0,200 
0,990 
0,601 
0,831 
0,610 
0,142 
0,667 
0,610 
0,831 
0,600 
0,814 
0,904 
0,754 
0,439 
0,875 
0,642 
0,200 
0,849 
0,900 
0,480 
0,835 
0,631 
1,020 
0,687 
0,847 
0,857 
0,760 
0,780 
0,941 
0,729 
0,720 
0,896 
0,645 
0,739 0,600 
0,100 
0,450 
0,300 
0,498 
0,400 
0,099 
0,500 
0,450 
0,500 
0,450 
0,500 
0,500 
0,440 
0,302 
0,560 
0,400 
0,100 
0,500 
0,450 
0,300 
0,500 
0,409 
0,498 
0,400 
0,450 
0,500 
0,500 
0,350 
0,599 
0,500 
0,450 
0,485 
0,325 
0,500 
174 
Total 
cost ECU million 
ERDF 
contrib. 
New sources of employment 
B C.E.A.Q.V. 
Etrave 
DK Dansk Kur Turism 
D Akkureg 
BAMB 
Berlin-Services 
EL Estia 
Job Spring 
Synergia 
E Espa—j 17 
Gimut 
Nye Elcjpe 
Tradesa 
Tutear 
F Défi Haute-Saône 
Delgres 
EED 
Emploi 31 
Marseille Méditerranée 
Mode 
IRL Clean 
RCCN 
WINN-S.J. 
I AF.L 
IES2000 
Informalavoro 
Loisir 
P CACEP 
FIN JHC 
S Fokis 
UK New Jobs for Glasgow 0,623 
0,753 
0,564 
0,516 
0,900 
0,543 
0,497 
0,666 
0,667 
0,800 
0,425 
0,641 
1,035 
0,267 
0,460 
0,692 
0,402 
0,800 
1,000 
0,561 
0,679 
0,553 
0,545 
0,583 
0,340 
0,560 
0,800 
0,438 
1,000 
1,176 
0,951 0,263 
0,450 
0,300 
0,340 
0,450 
0,375 
0,373 
0,500 
0,500 
0,400 
0,263 
0,424 
0,450 
0,200 
0,230 
0,500 
0,249 
0,395 
0,450 
0,200 
0,500 
0,350 
0,300 
0,291 
0,205 
0,330 
0,400 
0,300 
0,400 
0,500 
0,400 
Spatial planning 
"ALBA-TER, PATER" 
•Coastllnk: The European Network for Sustainable Coasts" 
"Concercoast" (PT/FR) 
"Duero-Douro" (E/PT) 
•Eurogise" 
"Geoplantour" (D/GR) 
"Grootstad Métropole LIloise' (F/B) 
*Posldonla"0,E, EL) 
'SRUNA: The Sustainable Recreational Use of Natural Assets' 
"Sustainable Development through Planning* 
Terra Incognita' (I/E) 1,623 
3,331 
2,092 
1,813 
3,913 
1,947 
2,500 
5,197 
2,164 
1,797 
____ 0,709 
1,631 
1,064 
0,985 
1,854 
1,071 
1,042 
2,834 
1,190 
0,764 
1,163 
Urban Projects 
B 
DK 
D 
EL 
IRL 
NL 
A 
P 
FIN 
S 
UK "Recyclart (Brussels)" 
"Undervaerket (The Wonder) (Randers)" 
"Multifunctional Service Centre Brememaven (Bremen)" 
'Strateglen fur Frfsdrfchshafn (Berlin) 
"System of Careful Urban Renewal' in Leipzig" 
"Umweltlnltlatlve Schamhorst (Dortmund)' 
International Networking CKy - ALEX - POU NET (Alexandroupolis)" 
"SWANS (West Athens)* 
"Building Lean (A development proposai for the Old City)* 
'Economic Revitalisation of the Historic Centre of "El Albayzin' (Granada) 
"Otxarkoaga (Bilbao)' 
"Proyecto Gulniguada - (Gran Canaria)' 
"Bordeaux les deux rives' 
"Chorus (Besançon)' 
"Maintaining the historic Heart of Dublin' 
"Protagonist (BifndsQ* 
"Rete di piazze telematiche per la Cfttà di NapoK" 
"Services and time for elderly people and families (Milan)" 
The Gate: living not leaving (Turin)" 
"Utrecht Museum Quarter" 
*Ein Lsben mit alien Skinen (Graz)* 
•Voyage à la Rose des Vents (Vila do Conde)* 
"Lasipalatsl film and media centre (Helsinki)" 
region (Falun, Bortange)' 
"Blueprint for Sustainable Development (Leicester)* 
"Huddersfield - the Creative Town Initiative (Klrklees)* 5,951 
7,732 
4,140 
4,639 
3,919 
2,836 
3,382 
4,641 
7,568 
6,051 
4,963 
7,008 
13,068 
14,272 
2,640 
2,750 
4,007 
3,357 
5,069 
12,586 
7,148 
5,066 
9,000 
3,750 
6,479 
10.30C 1,785 
2,247 
2,070 
2,192 
2,939 
1,388 
2,537 
3,016 
3,000 
2,954 
2,481 
2,705 
3,000 
3,168 
1,980 
2,063 
2,967 
1,007 
2,530 
2,981 
2,150 
2,999 
2,700 
1,875 
1,940 
2,927 
Innovative actions - others (laboratory) 
VILLAGES DEUROPE - PHASE II B ai52j 0,981 
175 
Annex 4: Pilot projects and innovative actions under the ERDF, ESF and EAGGF 
Pilot projects and technical assistance adopted in 1997, Article 6 of the ESF 
Regulation 
ECU million 
Total 
cost ESF 
contrib. 
Technical assistance 
B 
DK 
EL 
E 
P 
FIN Non-ESF B27CIP, technical assistance 
Technical assistance seminar Objective 3 
Territorial employment pact Brussels 
Territorial employment pact Halle-Vifvoorde 
Territorial employment pact Tongeren 
Territorial employment pact Arhus, Randers (Kronjylland) 
Territorial employment pact Oresund 
Territorial employment pact Sonderjylland 
Territorial employment pact Viborg 
Non-ESF CIP, technical assistance 
Territorial employment pact Amberg-Sulzbach 
Territorial employment pact Hamburg 
Territorial employment pact Modellregion Land Bremen 
Territorial employment pact Neukolln (Berlin) 
Territorial employment pact Peine 
Non-ESF CIP, technical assistance 
Non-ESF CIP, technical assistance 
Seminair "Young people and employment: ESF assistance' 
Technical assistance seminar Objective 3 
Non-ESF CIP, technical assistance 
Territorial employment pact Albertville 
Territorial employment pact Molsheim/Schirmeck 
Territorial employment pact Pays de Valois 
Non-ESF CIP, technical assistance 
Technical assistance seminar Objective 3 
Territorial employment pact Salzburg 
Territorial employment pact Vienna 
Territorial employment pact Vorariberg 
Non-ESF CIP, technical assistance 
Non-ESF CIP, technical assistance 
Territorial employment pact Lohja 
Territorial employment pact Tampere 
Territorial employment pact Turku 
Territorial employment pact Stockholm 0,100 
0,317 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,265 
0,250 
0,252 
0,464 
0,203 
0,255 
0,249 
0,251 
0,250 
0,336 
0,055 
0,073 
0,364 
0,351 
0,216 
0,250 
0,250 
0,400 
0,100 
0,307 
0,250 
0,240 
0,250 
0,050 
0,061 
0,255 
0,768 
0,250 
0,437 0,100 
0,253 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,203 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,055 
0,073 
0,364 
0,158 
0,216 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,100 
0,276 
0,200 
0,192 
0,200 
0,050 
0,061 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
Innovative actions - Information society - RISI 2 project 
EL Athinai (Athens) 0,500 0,250 
Innovative actions • new sources of employment 
B Advice agency for the employment of disabled people 
Igloo (New forms of partnerships in areas related to housing) 
Lehrmas (Social economy enterprises in the areas of environment, housing, services 
and restauration of patrimony) 
OLA (Training in 'logistic assistant* for hospitals) 
DK Den blandende landhandel (Programme for immigrant families) 
Green Future (New sources of jobs in environmental activities) 
Incubator Guided By Seniors (Business development centre) 
Local network to develop innovative methods of job creation 
TELA-START (Regional telematic network centres) 
Transferbetrieb -TB (Social insertion enterprise in the recycling sector) 
EL Women's Micro-Entreprise Birth and Adoption (Intermediate agency for women 
apprenticeships) 
Autoocupacion juvenil (Assistance for the creation of Micro enterprises) 
EVTV • FS (Feasibility study for the creation of health services) 
Prometeo (Treatment of agricultural waste by marginalised youth) 
Restaura-Natura (Local office to promote new jobs in the hotel trade) 
Sarelan (Network for protected employment for the disabled) 
Sarelan (Platform to solve problems of jobs offer and demand) 
Serdom (Domestic services by marginalised people) 
Teletrabajo en Euskadi (New jobs through teteworking and management training) 0,790 
2,145 
0,210 
0,875 
0,360 
1,719 
0,865 
0,804 
3,112 
0,241 
0,751 
0,327 
0,080 
0,178 
1,320 
0,874 
1,200 
1,534 
0,334 0,440 
1,000 
0,157 
0,377 
0,273 
1,000 
0,586 
0,643 
1,000 
0,193 
0,500 
0,163 
0,064 
0,153 
0,750 
0,500 
0,720 
0,720 
0,267 
176 
ECU million 
F Experiments in enterprises to reduce working time 
Arimiel (Platform to network competing SMEs) 
City Services (Development of "services de proximité") 
Insertion-Jeunes (Training in the construction trade of disadvantaged youth) 
Itinéraires pour l'emploi (Interenterprises platforms in European regions) 
Le Transport dans son environnement social ("Mediation* agents in the area of public 
transport) 
Mercator (Teleworking training centre for disabled people) 
Pevere (Training of youth in environment related professions) 
Point Accueil Services Cadours Grenade (Job creation in the area of "services de 
proximité") 
Presence (Job creation for disadvantaged youth in the area of 'services de proximité") 
RATP-BN92 (Partnership to develop quality transport) 
Trob expérimentations igloo France (Training of disadvantaged groups in construction 
related trades) 
IRL Pathways to Work (Job creation in the areas of childcare, care for the elderly,...) 
RCCN (Training actions in the community/child/health care sectors) 
I Creazione dimpiego dell'impresa sociale nelle aree urbane (Training and creation of 
employment in social enterprises) 
European Network of Agency for temporary work (Network of interim work employment 
agencies) 
Mare Verde (Creation of a Sea Agency in the harbours) 
Programmazione Concertata dello sviluppo locale (Local initiatives for the creation of 
jobs) 
« Teleworking with good privacy (Multimedia technology in SMEs) 
Transfer - COOP (Transfer of management skills between cooperatives) 
P Les 3 E du Développement intégré: Emploi, Environnement, Economie (Local 
muftidtscippnary agency in the area of environment) 
Place (Network of local partners) 
FIN Kuopio Dance Festival (Job creation for young people in the area of culture) 
Rain (Network of rural small enterprises and farms using IT) 
YOPORE (NUOTTA) (Network to promote environment-related employment) 
Creation of local work centres (co-ops with monitor) (Local work centres (co-ops with 
monitor) for the unemployed) 
Transnational Training Project (Training for self-employment) 
UK Growth Rural Employment Bureau (Employment service bureau for micro-businesses 
and individuals) 
Mobility for food wholesale workers (Three country network) 
SME Base Expansion Through Social Enterprises (Local consortium to support SMEs) Total 
cost 
1,582 
0,415 
5,358 
0,304 
1,588 
2,785 
0,600 
0,505 
0,350 
2,216 
3,584 
0,406 
0,365 
0,334 
1,508 
1,069 
0,300 
0,760 
3,144 
0,363 
0,882 
0,135 
0,066 
0,699 
0,483 
1,841 
1,204 
0,308 
0,703 
0,821 ESF 
contrib. 
0,355 
0,220 
1,000 
0,173 
0,760 
0,788 
0,192 
0,326 
0,265 
0,325 
1,000 
0,162 
0,276 
0,235 
1,000 
0,643 
0,200 
0,608 
1,000 
0,259 
0,554 
0,118 
0,052 
0,086 
0,277 
1,000 
0,641 
0,149 
0,300 
0,657 
Pilot projects and innovative actions 
B 
IRL 
L 
NL 
A 
UK Social Dialogue - ESDO Online 
Social Dialogue Yes for Europe 
Social Dialogue: A.F.E.T.T. 
Centres Télétravail • Teleworking centres 
Forco : Social dialogue in commerce 
New work organbation : Social dialogue 
Pilot project 
"Merit" pilot project 
Technical assistance 
EOEG's Offender Reintegration Programme 
is tar 
Concordia pilot project 0,200 
2,022 
3,936 
4,516 
1,635 
0,252 
0,600 
0,319 
0,050 
0,312 
2,024 
0,153 0,180 
0,987 
3,543 
2,258 
1,384 
0,189 
0,300 
0,319 
0,050 
0.148 
1,012 
0,115 
177 
Annex 4: Pilot projects and innovative actions under the ERDF, ESF and EAGGF 
Innovative actions and technical assistance adopted 1994-97 under Article 8 of the EAGGF 
Regulation 
ECU million 
Year of 
adoption Total 
cost EAGGF 
contrib. 
Evaluation, monitoring, technical assistance and studies 
DK 
D 
EL 
E 
F 
IRL 
P 
FIN 
UK 
EU Territorial employment pact "Bornholm" 
Summary of mid-term evaluations, Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Prior appraisal LEADER II 
Summary of mid-term evaluations, Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Territorial employment pact "Ussel - Limousin" 
Territorial employment pact 'Périgord noir - Aquitaine" 
Summary of mid-term evaluations, Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Prior appraisal LEADER II 
Summary of mid-term evaluations, Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Technical assistance 
Territorial employment pact Tyrol, Oberland and Ausserfern" 
Prior appraisal of Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Technical assistance for agriculture 
Territorial employment pact "Ibalmi" 
Prior appraisal of Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Territorial employment pact "Kalmar County 
Territorial employment pact 'Varmland' 
Territorial employment pact 'Stromstad* 
Prior appraisal of Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Summary of mid-term evaluations, Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Evaluation of pilot and demonstration projects, call for proposais 96/C 284/10 
Seminar on ecological benefits 
Action on rural indicators 
Prior appraisal study 
Ex post LEADER I evaluation 
Evaluation of pilot and demonstration projects (Call No 94/6/303) 
Management contract for the financial and administrative monitoring of Objective 1, 
5(a) and 5(b) measures 
Technical assistance contract relating to the management and computer-
assbtance application "Feorienr 1997 
1997 
1995 
1997 
1997 
1997 
1997 
1995 
1997 
1996 
1997 
1995 
1994 
1997 
1995 
1997 
1997 
1997 
1995 
1997 
1997 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1995 
1994 
1994 0,250 
0,011 
0,020 
0,012 
0,250 
0,250 
0,010 
0,010 
0,008 
0,192 
0,250 
0,015 
2,527 
0,250 
0,015 
0,363 
0,250 
0,209 
0.015 
0,014 
0,264 
0,087 
0,122 
0,123 
0,398 
0,213 
3,134 
0,061 0,200 
0,011 
0,020 
0,012 
0,200 
0,200 
0,010 
0,010 
0,008 
0,125 
0,200 
0,015 
1,895 
0,200 
0,015 
0,200 
0,200 
0,167 
0,015 
0,014 
0,264 
0,020 
0,040 
0,123 
0,398 
0,213 
3,134 
0,061 
Pilot and demonstration projects 
B 
IRL Technical preparation, conversion and support for the marketing of organic 
products 
Introduction of organic products in school and works canteens 
Rural development in the EichfeW region 
Regeneration of forests affected by fire in Greece 
Growing of aloe-vera 
Demonstration project to set up a centre to market organic products and provide 
training m techniques and production systems compatible with the environment 
Production, processing and marketing of products from wild animal species with a 
view to the creation of an ecological label 
On-farm castor-bean processing to extract the bean's essences 
Demonstration project on the technical feasibility of new cultivation techniques that 
make optimal use of irrigation while respecting the environment 
Creation of a tropical fruits and spices nursery, thereby ensuring a steady supply to 
the local processing industry 
Agri-tourism: promotion of areas of outstanding gastronomic importance 
European programme to install farm workers in depressed areas 
Experimental installation of young farmers in holdings underwritten by the social 
partners and based on cooperative principles 
Demonstration project establishing a network to promote/market typical agro-
industrial and food products 
Upgrading of cultivated terraces in the Mediterranean area (PRO TERRA) 
Demonstration project 'eat organic in the school canteen" 
Reintroduction of fine lavender cultivation in its traditional region of production 
Intensive cultivation of 'Myrtus Communis" 
Development of structures to promote alternative farming enterprises in western 
Ireland 1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 0,217 
1,023 
0,370 
0,711 
1,199 
0,272 
0,468 
1,263 
0,429 
0,978 
0,840 
2,565 
0,390 
1,066 
1,191 
0,220 
1,003 
1,079 
0,423 0,089 
0,512 
0,277 
0,533 
0,899 
0,136 
0,351 
0,947 
0,214 
0,733 
0,456 
0,998 
0,194 
0,800 
0,763 
0,077 
0,501 
0,809 
0,271 
178 
ECU million 
Year of 
adoption Total 
cost EAGGF 
contrib. 
NL 
A 
P 
FIN 
UK Introduction of animals prized by the textile industry on marginal rural land in 
Umbria 
Upgrading, maintenance, development and conservation of farmed and forested 
lands in blighted areas 
Socio-economic promotion of the Apulia Region's local culinary resources and 
traditions 
Revitalisation, processing and commercial promotion of the Abbruzzi Region's eco 
organic products 
Installation of young farmers through sponsorship programmes 
Economic promotion of liquorice cultivation 
The cultivation in two Italian regions (Piedmont and Friuli-Venezia-Giulia) of two 
non-food grasses used in the production of boards 
On-line market for typical agricultural products 
Introduction of an ore-compatibility system with the UK and France 
Strategy to guarantee the quality and marketing of organic compost 
Demonstration project to promote the "Garrano de Geres* for leisure activities 
Accelerated diversification on Madeira through the introduction of products for use 
in the pharmaceutical industry (Tea Tree Oil) 
Commercial exploitation of goat production in the Serra do Caldeirao 
Quality as a factor in the success of a rural business 
Development of timber products 
Feasibility and economic viability of integrating "Farm-woodland" and agro-forestry 
systems into commercial farms 1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 0,714 
0,302 
0,218 
0,304 
0,856 
0,198 
0,655 
0,362 
0,539 
0,226 
0,078 
0,998 
0,856 
0,788 
0,171 
0.438 0,357| 
0,151 
0,164 
0,228 
0,642 
0,149 
0,328 
0,181 
0,270 
0,113 
0,059 
0,748 
0,637 
0,591 
0,085 
0,210 
Mesures de diffusion 
EU Provision of services and communication/information toote on the Community's 
rural development policy 
Design work (rural development maps) 
Mapmaking and printing (rural development maps) 
Mapmaking and printing (farming and forestry maps) 
Design work (farming and forestry maps) 
Logo to instill awareness of rural development 1997 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1995 
1995 3,431 
0,007 
0,123 
0,253 
0,011 
0,019 3,431 
0,007 
0,123 
0,230 
0,011 
0,019 
179 
Annex 5: Major projects 1994-97' 
ECU million 
Year of adoption / 
Member State Obj Total 
cost ERDF 
contrib 
(1) National 
public 
contribution Private 
contribution 
1997 
SPAIN 
Main drain, Santander Bay 
Cartagena-Puertollano oil pipeline 1 
1 25,32 
161,23 17,72 
62,90 7.60 
0,00 o.oc 
98,33 
1996 
SPAIN 
Gibraltar-Cordoba gas pipeline 
Valencia-Cartagena gas pipeline 
Installation of natural gas, Huelva 1 
1 
1 298,47 
60,69 
27,40 99,01 
23,81 
7,28 0,00 
0.00 
0,00 199,46 
36,88 
20,12 
1995 
IRELAND 
Tallaght Hospital 
ITALY 
Port of Gioia Tauro 1 
1 131,33 
120,00 39,37 
40,00 91,96 
0,00 0.00 
80,00 Commitments 
1997 199447 
(2) % 
(2V(1) Payments 
1997 1994-97 
(3) % 
(3V1 
4,41 
17,67 4,41 
17,67 25% 
28% 2,21 
0,00 2.21 
0,00 12% 
0% 
0,00 
0,00 
0,00 89,81 
23,81 
7,28 91% 
100% 
100% 0,00 
0,00 
1,46 71,85 
19,05 
7,28 73% 
80% 
100% 
0,00 
0,00 39,37 
40,00 100% 
100% 0,00 
12,00 31,50 
32,00 80% 
80% 
* Major projects within the meaning of Article 16(2) of the Coordination Regulation 
180 
Annex 6: Implementation of appropriations in 1997 by budget heading (not 
including decommitments and carryovers) (ECU) 
Item Title Commitments Payments! 
CCA 
B2-100 CSF 
B2-1000 Objective 1 2.578.655.000 2.131.910.000 
B2-1001 Objective 5(a) (outside Objective 1 and 5(b) areas) 422.011.000 467.877.000 
B2-1002 Objective 5(a) (in Obj. 5(b) areas) 552.654.503 539.477.000 
B2-1003 Objective 5(b) 421.479.000 406.377.999 
B2-1004 Objective 6 51.300.000 34.357.800 
Total EAGGF 4.026.099.503 3.579.999.799 
B2-110 CSF 
B2-1100 Objective 1 
B2-1101 Objective 5(a) 
B2-1102 Objectivée 
B2-1110 Social measures linked to forced lay-ups 308.327.621 
59.076.033 
1.570.000 
0 339.999.998 
145.893.090 
1.000.000 
0 
Total FIFG 368.973.654 486.893.088 
B2-120 CSF 
B2-1200 Objective 1 
B2-1201 Objective 2 
B2-1202 Objective 5(b) 
B2-1203 Objective 6 10.069.898.812 
2.198.543.893 
658.565.158 
56.130.000 8.295.704.757 
2.683.564.495 
488.384.683 
53.782.000 
Total ERDF 12.983.137.8631 11.521.435.9351 
B2-130 
B2-1300 
B2-1301 
B2-1302 
B2-1303 
B2-1304 
B2-1305 CSF 
Objective 1 
Objective 2 
Objective 3 
Objective 4 
Objective 5(b) 
Objective 6 4.058.768.093 
703.332.440 
2.202.908.639 
476.918.959 
168.351.869 
28.820.000 3.335.008.243 
493.628.370 
1.784.006.994 
375.229.926 
135.011.466 
20.515.000 
Total ESF 7.639.100.0001 6.143.399.999] 
COMMUNITY INfTlATfYK 
B2-140 PESCA (restructuring of the fisheries sector) 
B2-1400 ESF 
B2-1400 FIFG 
B2-1400 ERDF 13.647.955 
4.527.170 
3.281.000 4.147.677 
1.464.869 
28.603.500 
Total Pesca 21.456.1251 34.216.046 
B2-141 Interregional cooperation 
B2-1410 ESF 
B2-1410 EAGGF-GukJance 
B2-1410 FIFG 
B2-1410 ERDF 33.972.252 
17.572.505 
0 
407.026.576 13.000.501 
16.856.176 
0 
327.694.166 
Total Interreg 458.671.333 357.650.843 
B2-1412 
B2-1412 
B2-1412 
B2-1412 ESF 
EAGGF-Guidance 
FIFG 
ERDF 32.482.389 
13.016.000 
525.000 
7.288.000 37.276.839 
9.694.300 
263.826 
33.922.500 
Total Peace 53.311.389! 81.157.465 
B2-142 Employment and development of human resources 
B2-1420 ESF 36.644.371 50.820.000 
B2-1420 ERDF 20.397 256.318 
Total Now 36.664.768 61.076.318 
B2-1421 
B2-1421 ESF 
ERDF 76.360.917 
20.396 72.556.906 
256.317 
Total Horizon 76.381.313 72.813.223 
B2-1422 
B2-1422 ESF 
ERDF 109.350.000 
0 63.567.414 
0 
Total Integra 109.350.000 63.567.414 
IS 2fc B2-1423 
B2-1423 ESF 
ERDF 72.382.558 
0 59.192.231 
0 
Total Youthstart 72.382.558 59.192.2311 
181 
Item Title Commitments Payments] 
B2-1424 
B2-1424 ESF 
ERDF 125.432.619 
0 147.933.714 
0 
Total Adapt 125.432.619 147.933.714 
B2-143 Industrial restructuring 
B2-1430 ESF 
B2-1430 ERDF 24.258.838 
89.066.440 20.126.224 
55.316.420 
Total Rechar 113.325.278 75.442.644 
B2-1431 
B2-1431 ESF 
ERDF 10.118.426 
94.983.400 9.432.782 
52.674.200 
Total Résider 105.101.826 62.106.982 
Item Title Commitments Payments! 
B2-1432 
B2-1432 ESF 
ERDF 16.333.000 
175.098.000 9.963.291 
58.730.816 
Total Konver 191.431.000 68.694.107 
B2-1433 
B2-1433 ESF 
ERDF 1.743.184 
84.034.099 1.063.223 
55.730.543 
Total Retex 85.777.283 56.793.766 
B2-144 Regis (most remote regions) 
B2-1440 ESF 
B2-1440 EAGGF-Guidance 
B2-1440 FIFG 
B2-1440 ERDF 8.685.738 
4.596.000 
0 
77.365.000 6.813.734 
1.106.700 
0 
47.871.400 
Total Regis 90.646.738 55.791.834 
B2-145 Urban (urban areas) 
B2-1450 ESF 
B2-1450 ERDF 29.211.231 
88.887.000 13.937.449 
61.697.600 
Total Urban 118.098.231 75.635.049 
B2-146 Leader (rural development) 
B2-1460 ESF 
B2-1460 EAGGF-Guidance 
B2-1460 ERDF 10.510.696 
65.418.760 
81.920.453 3.621.853 
43.870.901 
56.617.267 
Total Leader 157.849.909 104.110.020 
B2-147 
B2-1470 
B2-1470 SMEs Initiative 
ESF 
ERDF 10.447.200 
122.889.284 3.492.460 
120.154.814 
Total SME 133.336.484 123.647.274 
o_ 
? < 
CL Ol 
r2 B2-148 Reserve for earlier and future measures 
B2-1480 ESF 
B2-1480 EAGGF-Guidance 
B2-1480 ERDF 
B2-1480 RESERVE 12.838.524 
10.221.142 
164.532.427 
Total for previous measures (*) 187.592.092 
ESF 
EAGGF-Guidance 
FIFG 
ERDF 611.581.374 
100.603.265 
5.052.170 
1.231.880.045 529.784.822 
81.749.219 
1.728.695 
1.064.058.287 
Total Community Initiatives 1.949.116.854 1.677.321.023 
B2-150 OMER ASSISTANCE 
750.000 449.633 
Total Fraud prevention 750.000 449.633 
_* fi B2-1600 
B2-1600 ERDF 
ESF 1.487.444 
79.790 
Total Implementation, monitoring, evaluation CSF/SPD 1.567.234 
B2-180 
B2-181 
B2-182 
B2-183 EAGGF-Guidance 
FIFG 
ERDF 
ESF 5.716.381 
20.662.838 
170.629.361 
60.391.626 7.487.530 
13.101.443 
107.330.240 
44.182.950 
Total Transitional measures and innovative actions 257.400.205 172.102.163 
162 
O Payments for 1989-1993 
183 O Payments for 1989-1993 
183 en 
Q 
o 
* 
u. Item 
B2-190 
B2-1900 
B2-1900 
B2-1900 
B2-1900 
I Title Commitments 
Structural measures under Regulation (CEE) No 3575/90 (former GDR) 
ESF 
EAGGF-Guidance 
FIFQ 
ERDF 
Total Former GDR Payments | 
857.840 
29.504.312 
30.362.152j 
Programx* 
{year of adoption} 
:M^M^M,.,.,.(„.,.,.„,„l,n 
SPDHainaut(1994) 
Objective 2 
SPD Aubange 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Liege 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Limburg 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Tumhout 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Aubange 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Liege 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Limburg 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Tumhout 1994-96 (1994) 
Total 
iSJii^l^^ 
OP Communaute flamande (1994) 
OP Communaute' francaise (1994) 
OP Communaute germanophone (1994) 
OP Region Bruxelles Capitale/Brussels Hoofdstedelijk 
Qewest(1994) 
OP Ministry of Employment (1994) 
Total 
QXtmfo* 
OP Communaute flamande (1994) 
OP Communaute francaise (1994) 
OP Communaute germanophone (1994) 
OP Region Bruxelles Capitale/Brussels Hoofdstedelijk 
Gewest (1994) 
OP Ministry of Employment (1994) 
Total 
ItftP^^iiMtor* 
Forecasts Vlaanderen R. 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD Vlaanderen R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Region Bruxelles Capitale/Brussels Hoofdstedelijk 
Gewest R. 866/90(1995) 
Forecasts Wallonie R. 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD Wallonie R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
Federal Forecasts R. 2328/91 (1995) 
Total 
Wfc^^ 
SPD Belgique/BelgiS (1994) 
iJStipiliiliH^ 
SPD Meetjesland (1995) 
SPD Wallonie (1995) 
SPD Westhoek (1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 
'^^^^$^^^^^^^j^^&i^^^M:^^WW^^^ 
W^M^9M^SMMM§MM^M^^m9i9i 
Vlaanderen (1995) 
Wallonie (1995) 
Total 
$m$fyfo*iA 
Vlaanderen (1994) 
Wallonie (1994) 
Total 
:lijijiiijiiSiiS;;;:|;;|;i;s 
Hainaut(1997) 
Meetjesland (1997) 
Wallonie (1997) 
Westhoek(1997) 
Total 
PftSCflL 
Belgique/BelgiS (1994) 
SMSfeft 
Network: IBEX Libramont-98: timber (1997) 
Vlaanderen (1996) 
Wallonie (1995) 
Total ToM«?oSi 
| 2.721,7 
2,2 
442,0 
446,1 
82,1 
3,2 
290,8 
89,2 
44,7 
1.400,5 
626,1 
368,0 
12,6 
33,3 
114,3 
1.154,4 
107,9 
54,8 
1,2 
7,0 
15,7 
186,7 
135,8 
352,1 
11,1 
101,1 
46,4 
186,7 
833,2 
103,7 
34,2 
135,5 
96,6 
266,3 
6.666,4 
$!?$$:•?$$$• 
43,9 
69,9 
113,8 
36,7 
63,1 
99,8 
9,3 
4,2 
7,9 
7,2 
28,5 
5,3| 
1.0 
8,6 
14,2 
23,9 contrlfe, 
ttt 
I 748,5 
1.C 
114,4 
67,8 
32,9 
1,3 
80,2 
33,9 
18,1 
349,7 
190,3 
160,4 
5,6 
12,5 
36,9 
405,8 
43,7 
17,8 
0,5 
2,2 
6,0 
70,2 
49,5 
23,8 
1,1 
30,1 
5,4 
63,6 
173,4 
24,5 
10,3 
41,4 
26,4 
78,1 
1.850,1 
;|wntrjb>:;:;:: 
fllSlll 
16,3 
22,4 
38,6 
16,8 
29,0 
45,8 
4,1 
1,1 
3,3 
1,8 
10,3 
2.5| 
0,3 
2,7 
9,4 
12,4 Comttt founts 
1987 
| 120,0 
1.C 
36,9 
21,7 
32,9 
0,0 
-0,9 
-4,9 
-1.3 
85,4 
31,9 
26,6 
3,3 
2,0 
6,2 
70,0 
0,0 
16,6 
0,4 
1,9 
0,0 
18,9 
9,1 
6,1 
0,0 
0,0 
1,6 
8,8 
25,6 
0.0 
0,5 
8,3 
0,0 
8,9 
328,8 
1,3 
6,1 
7,4 
4,6 
9,1 
13,7 
4,1 
0,0 
3,3 
0,0 
7,4 
0,5 
0,3 
0,0 
0,0 
0,3 Commitments 
1994-97 
I. Ml. lift I. 
| 349,68 
1.C 
36,9 
21,7 
32,9 
1,3 
80,2 
33,9 
18,1 
226,0 
121,5 
104,7 
5,6 
7,7 
23,0 
262,5 
8,8 
17,8 
0,5 
2,2 
6,0 
35,3 
27,0 
16,1 
0,3 
11,7 
4,0 
46,5 
105,4 
24,5 
1,8 
19,6 
3,5 
24,9 
1.028,4 
llilllllirili 
16,3 
22,4 
38,6 
16,8 
29,0 
45,8 
4,1 
0,0 
3,3 
0,0 
7,4 
2,5| 
0,3 
2,7 
9.4 
12,4 % 
,.,M 
| 47% 
100% 
32% 
32% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
65% 
64% 
65% 
100% 
62% 
62% 
65% 
20% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
50% 
55% 
68% 
24% 
39% 
73% 
73% 
61% 
100% 
17% 
47% 
13% 
32% 
66% 
11111 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
0% 
100% 
0% 
72% 
100%j 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% Payttttnti 
1987 
I 96,C 
0,5 
17,4 
10,9 
16,4 
0,0 
39,6 
17,2 
0,3 
102,4 
33,4 
21,9 
0,9 
2,3 
3,1 
61,6 
0,0 
8,3 
0,2 
1,0 
0,0 
9,4 
8,0 
1,0 
0,0 
0,0 
1,2 
10,7 
20,9 
0,0 
0,4 
5,5 
0,8 
6,7 
297,0 
3,6 
6,3 
10,0 
2,3 
4,5 
6,8 
2,0 
0,0 
1,7 
0,0 
3,7 
0,2| 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 i Payments 
1994-97 
L.JSr, I, 
| 267,6 
0,5 
17,4 
10,9 
16,4 
0,6 
66,7 
27,8 
12,0 
152,4 
103,2 
87,1 
2,8 
6,2 
18,7 
218,0 
4,4 
8,9 
0,2 
1,1 
3,0 
17,7 
22,1 
8,8 
0,1 
9,4 
2,7 
36,8 
80,0 
19,6 
1.0 
11,1 
2,6 
14,8 
770,0 
ilPlf 
8,1 
11,2 
19,3 
8,4 
14,5 
22,9 
2,0 
0,0 
1.7 
0,0 
3,7 
0,8 
0,0 
0,8 
3,2 
4,0 : % 
| 36% 
50% 
15% 
16% 
05 
46% 
83% 
82% 
66% 
44% 
54% 
54% 
50% 
50% 
51% 
54% 
10% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
25% 
45% 
37% 
12% 
31% 
50% 
58% 
46% 
80% 
10% 
27% 
10% 
19% 
42% 
IBS! 
50% 
50% 
60% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
0% 
50% 
0% 
36% 
30% 
0% 
30% 
34% 
32% Annex 7: Programme implementation by Member State (Objectives and Community Initiatives) for 1997 
under the 1994-99 programme (ECU million) 
BELGIQUE/BELGIS 
PrOgrtrttlUMti 
{year of adoption} 
:M^M^M,.l.,.,,,.,.,.1,11,1, ,1 
SPD Hainaut (1994) 
Objective 2 
SPD Aubange 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Liege 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Limburg 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Tumhout 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Aubange 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Liege 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Limburg 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Tumhout 1994-96 (1994) 
Total 
iSJii^l^^ 
OP Communaute flamande (1994) 
OP Communaute' francaise (1994) 
OP Communaute germanophone (1994) 
OP Region Bruxelles Capitale/Brussels Hoofdstedelijk 
Gewest (1994) 
OP Ministry of Employment (1994) 
Total 
QXtmfo* 
OP Communaute flamande (1994) 
OP Communaute francaise (1994) 
OP Communaute germanophone (1994) 
OP Region Bruxelles Capitale/Brussels Hoofdstedelijk 
Gewest (1994) 
OP Ministry of Employment (1994) 
Total 
ItftP^^iiMtor* 
Forecasts Vlaanderen R. 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD Vlaanderen R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Region Bruxelles Capitale/Brussels Hoofdstedelijk 
Gewest R. 866/90(1995) 
Forecasts Wallonie R. 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD Wallonie R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
Federal Forecasts R. 2328/91 (1995) 
Total 
jOiili^ 
SPD Belgique/BelgiS (1994) 
iJStipiliiliH^ 
SPD Meetjesland (1995) 
SPD Wallonie (1995) 
SPD West hoek (1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 
'^^^^$^^^^^^^j^^&i^^^M:^^WW^^^ 
W^M^9M^SMMM§MM^M^^m9i9i 
Vlaanderen (1995) 
Wallonie (1995) 
Total 
$m$fyfo*iA 
Vlaanderen (1994) 
Wallonie (1994) 
Total 
:lijijiiijiiSiiS;;;:|;;|;i;s 
Hainaut (1997) 
Meetjesland (1997) 
Wallonie (1997) 
Westhoek(1997) 
Total 
PftSCflL 
Belgique/BelgiS (1994) 
SMSftft 
Network: IBEX Libramont-98: timber (1997) 
Vlaanderen (1996) 
Wallonie (1995) 
Total ToM«?oSi 
| 2.721,7 
2,2 
442,0 
446,1 
82,1 
3,2 
290,8 
89,2 
44,7 
1.400,5 
626,1 
368,0 
12,6 
33,3 
114,3 
1.154,4 
107,9 
54,8 
1,2 
7,0 
15,7 
186,7 
135,8 
352,1 
11,1 
101,1 
46,4 
186,7 
833,2 
103,7 
34,2 
135,5 
96,6 
266,3 
6.666,4 
$!?$$:•?$$$• 
43,9 
69,9 
113,8 
36,7 
63,1 
99,8 
9,3 
4,2 
7,9 
7,2 
28,5 
5,3| 
1.0 
8,6 
14,2 
23,9 contrlfe, 
til 
I 748,5 
1.C 
114,4 
67,8 
32,9 
1.3 
80,2 
33,9 
18,1 
349,7 
190,3 
160,4 
5,6 
12,5 
36,9 
405,8 
43,7 
17,8 
0,5 
2,2 
6,0 
70,2 
49,5 
23,8 
1,1 
30,1 
5,4 
63,6 
173,4 
24,5 
10,3 
41,4 
26,4 
78,1 
1.850,1 
;|wntrjb>:;:;:: 
fllSlll 
16,3 
22,4 
38,6 
16,8 
29,0 
45,8 
4,1 
1,1 
3,3 
1,8 
10,3 
2.5| 
0,3 
2,7 
9,4 
12,4 Comtttftrjtefits 
1987 
| 120,0 
1.C 
36,9 
21,7 
32,9 
0,0 
-0,9 
-4,9 
-1.3 
85,4 
31,9 
26,6 
3,3 
2,0 
6,2 
70,0 
0,0 
16,6 
0,4 
1,9 
0,0 
18,9 
9,1 
6,1 
0,0 
0,0 
1,6 
8,8 
25,6 
0.0 
0,5 
8,3 
0,0 
8,9 
328,8 
1.3 
6,1 
7,4 
4,6 
9,1 
13,7 
4,1 
0,0 
3,3 
0,0 
7,4 
0,5 
0,3 
0,0 
0,0 
0,3 Commitments 
1994-97 
I. Million. 
| 349,68 
1.C 
36,9 
21,7 
32,9 
1,3 
80,2 
33,9 
18,1 
226,0 
121,5 
104,7 
5,6 
7,7 
23,0 
262,5 
8,8 
17,8 
0,5 
2,2 
6,0 
35,3 
27,0 
16,1 
0,3 
11,7 
4,0 
46,5 
105,4 
24,5 
1,8 
19,6 
3,5 
24,9 
1.028,4 
llilllllirili 
16,3 
22,4 
38,6 
16,8 
29,0 
45,8 
4,1 
0,0 
3,3 
0,0 
7,4 
2,5| 
0,3 
2,7 
9.4 
12,4 % 
...Ml 
| 47% 
100% 
32% 
32% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
65% 
64% 
65% 
100% 
62% 
62% 
65% 
20% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
50% 
55% 
68% 
24% 
39% 
73% 
73% 
61% 
100% 
17% 
47% 
13% 
32% 
66% 
11111 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
0% 
100% 
0% 
72% 
100%j 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% Payttttnti 
1987 
I 96,C 
0,5 
17,4 
10,9 
16,4 
0,0 
39,6 
17,2 
0,3 
102,4 
33,4 
21,9 
0,9 
2,3 
3,1 
61,6 
0,0 
8,3 
0,2 
1,0 
0,0 
9,4 
8,0 
1,0 
0,0 
0,0 
1,2 
10,7 
20,9 
0,0 
0,4 
5,5 
0,8 
6,7 
297,0 
3,6 
6,3 
10,0 
2,3 
4,5 
6,8 
2,0 
0,0 
1,7 
0,0 
3,7 
0,2| 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 i Payments 
1994-97 
L.JSr, I, 
| 267,6 
0,5 
17,4 
10,9 
16,4 
0,6 
66,7 
27,8 
12,0 
152,4 
103,2 
87,1 
2,8 
6,2 
18,7 
218,0 
4,4 
8,9 
0,2 
1,1 
3,0 
17,7 
22,1 
8,8 
0,1 
9.4 
2,7 
36,8 
80,0 
19,6 
1.0 
11,1 
2,6 
14,8 
770,0 
ilPlf 
8,1 
11.2 
19,3 
8,4 
14,5 
22,9 
2,0 
0,0 
1.7 
0,0 
3,7 
0,8 
0,0 
0,8 
3,2 
4,0 : % 
| 36% 
50% 
15% 
16% 
05 
46% 
83% 
82% 
66% 
44% 
54% 
54% 
50% 
50% 
51% 
54% 
10% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
25% 
45% 
37% 
12% 
31% 
50% 
58% 
46% 
80% 
10% 
27% 
10% 
19% 
42% 
IBS! 
50% 
50% 
60% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
0% 
50% 
0% 
36% 
30% 
0% 
30% 
34% 
32% 
184 
*tfti«ttvi 
(yearaf adoption) 
Kasha* 
Chatelet(1995) 
Limburg (1995) 
Total 
IWmMMf 
Bruxelles/Brussel (1995) 
Vlaanderen (1995). 
Wallonie(1995) 
Total 
i*iji$&^ 
Charleroi(1995) 
Liege (1995) 
Total 
R*t*X 
Vlaanderen (1996) 
Wallonie(1995) 
Total 
W^I^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M^^M^ 
Bruxelles/Brussel (1996) 
Antwerpen(1995) 
Charleroi(1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 
•!$i^ 
Belgique/BelgieVDeutschland/France/ Luxemburg/ 
Nederland: Rhine-Meuse (1997) 
Belgique/France/tuxemburg: Wallonie-Lorraine-
Luxembourg(1996) 
Belgique/France: Ardennes (1996) 
France/Belgique/BelgiS: Nord-Pas-de-Calais/Vlaanderen 
(1996) 
France/Belgique/BelgiS: Wallonie/Nord-Pas-de-
Calais/Picardie (1996) 
(1995) 
Belgique/BelgiS/Nederland: Middengebied (1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland/Belgique/BelgiS: Euregio Meuse-
Rhine (1995) Tata$<A*t 
1.9 
56,2 
68,1 
5,8 
11.8 
12,9 
30,4 
31,4 
28,4 
69,8 
3,0 
6,0 
9,0 
8,4 
15,2 
11.3 
34,9 
463,6 
426,7 
62,2 
27,8 
38,3 
148,4 
22,8 
66,3 
71,9 i contrfb. • 
0,9 
14,8 
15,7 
» 
1.7 
4,8 
4,9 
11,5 
15,2 
12,5 
27,7 
1.4 
3,0 
4,4 
2,2 
2,6 
5,7 
10,4 
179,3 
137,1 
30,2 
12,5 
18,0 
71.5 
11,1 
32,4 
35,7 ^nwnitmants 
19*7 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
Éiliililllli 
4,0 
0,0 
4,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
33,4 
15,5 
0,0 
0,0 
1,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 Commttniants 
1884-97 
m 
0,9 
14,8 
16,7 
1,7 
4,8 
4,9 
11,5 
15,2 
12,5 
27,7 
1,4 
3,0 
4,4 
2,2 
2,6 
5,7 
10,4 
176,4 
15,5 
26,2 
12,5 
18,0 
10,0 
11,1 
32,4 
33,5 ..pay 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
11% 
87% 
100% 
100% 
14% 
100% 
100% 
94% Paymant* 
1997 
0,3 
0,0 
0,3 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
0,6 
0,6 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,4 
22,3 
0,0 
1,4 
0,0 
0,5 
1.5 
0,0 
0,0 
o.o Payment* 
1994-97 
0,7 
7,4 
8,1 
0,9 
2.4 
2,5 
6,7 
6,0 
6,3 
12,2 
0,7 
2,1 
2,8 
1,1 
1,3 
3,3 
5,6 
85,2 
0,0 
13,5 
3.7 
9,0 
6,5 
3,3 
9,7 
10,0 80% 
50% 
62% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
60% 
39% 
50% 
44% 
50% 
70% 
64% 
50% 
50% 
58% 
64% 
48% 
0% 
45% 
30% 
50% 
9% 
30% 
30% 
28% 
! 
06* 
SPC 
SPC 
SPD 
SPD 
Toti 
<** 
SPD 
Ofep 
SPC 
0** 
Fore 
SPD 
Toti 
Ofep 
SPD 
Otop 
SPD 
TOT 
M* 
Ada 
Entj 
Emp 
U*< 
Leac 
Pas< 
Pes< 
$MI 
SME 
KOtt 
Kon\ Programmes 
fce«va2 
Ldland 1997-99 (1997) 
Nord-jylland 1997-99 (1997) 
Lolland 1994-96 (1994) 
Nord-jylland 1994-96 (1994) 
it 
«»y*3 
Danmark(1994) 
K*tva4 
Danmark(1994) 
rttttftgaiaorteutat* 
casts Danmark R. 2328/91 (1995) 
Danmark R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
il 
K$v»K»)ftohwl4* 
Danmark (1994) 
xttvaSW 
Danmark (1994) 
AL 
fcjttatfca 
{yaar of adoption} 
1* " ' '""""""" 
at Danmark (1995) 
rtsiww* 
lioyment Danmark (1994) 
** 
1er Danmark (1996) 
» 
a Danmark (1994) 
1* 
a Danmark (1996) 
war 
m Danmark (1995) YaU«ai riul 
4WMR»mn 
47,4 
222,3 
30,5 
216,4 
616,6 
584,3 
87,7 
352,5 
213,6 
666,1 
444,2 
202,3 
2.401,2 
Tota*W*t 
1 Ul 
69,0 
28,1 
26,7 
48,6 
5.1 
5,3 &Fumfcfc; 
13,8 
54,4 
7,0 
47,1 
122,3 
• 
268,1 
38,9 
102,7 
26,7 
129,4 
142,5 
54,0 
756,3 
: çontrlb* -
LMuJ 
31.7 
14,1 
8.2 
16.4 
2.6 
2.4 <Jorom tenants 
13,8 
17,4 
-1,6 
3,4 
33,1 
42,2 
7.4 
17,0 
0,0 
17,0 
0.0 
10,7 
110,4 
49*7 
2,2 
3,5 
1.6 
4.1 
0.0 
0,0 : Comnrtttinants 
13,8 
17,4 
7,8 
47,1 
86,1 
169,2 
20,4 
67,3 
10,5 
77,8 
69,9 
24,2 
447,6 
t^omjAltmants 
1994*7 
;„„„„„#„„„„„ 
31,7 
** 
14.1 
8.2 
16,4 
2,6 
2,4 % 
100% 
32% 
111% 
100% 
70% 
63% 
53% 
65% 
39% 
60% 
49% 
45% 
69% 
,.4fflfflh" 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% Paymantsj 
1S97 .j 
6,92 
8,71 
-0,80 
24,13 
39,0 
39,6 
4,99 
19,50 
1,08 
20,6 
27,9 
14,7 
146,8 
Pttymehjtsj 
1997 j 
7.0 
3,9 
0.5 
• •+ 
2.7 
0,0 
0,0 Paymarrts 
1&94-S7 
6,92 
8,71 
5,57 
41,42 
62,6 
154,8 
15,66 
52,36 
9,48 
61,8 
58.2 
20,5 
373,7 
Paymant* 
1994-97 
t*J 
15,9 
7,0 
2.4 
4.9 
0,8 
-
1.2 man 
50% 
16% 
80% 
88% 
61% 
58% 
40% 
51% 
36% 
48% 
41% 
38% 
49% 
50% 
50% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
50% *»W«ttve 
(yearaf adoption) 
Kasha* 
Chatelet(1995) 
Limburg (1995) 
Total 
IWmMMf 
Bruxelles/Brussel (1995) 
Vlaanderen (1995). 
Wallonie(1995) 
Total 
i*iji$&^ 
Charleroi(1995) 
Liege (1995) 
Total 
Rata* 
Vlaanderen (1996) 
Wallonie(1995) 
Total 
W^I^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M^^M^ 
Bruxelles/Brussel (1996) 
Antwerpen(1995) 
Charieroi(1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 
•!$i^ 
Belgique/BelgieVDeutschland/France/ Luxemburg/ 
Nederland: RNne-Meuse (1997) 
Belgique/France/tuxemburg: Wallonie-Lorraine-
Luxembourg(1996) 
Belgique/France: Ardennes (1996) 
France/Belgique/BelgiS: Nord-Pas-de-Calais/Vlaanderen 
(1996) 
France/Belgique/BelgiS: Wallonie/Nord-Pas-de-
Calais/Picardie (1996) 
(1995) 
Belgique/BelgiS/Nederland: Middengebied (1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland/Belgique/BelgiS: Euregio Meuse-
Rhine (1995) Tata$<As$ 
1.9 
56,2 
68,1 
5,8 
11.8 
12,9 
30,4 
31,4 
28,4 
69,8 
3,0 
6.0 
9,0 
8,4 
15,2 
11.3 
34,9 
463,6 
426,7 
62,2 
27,8 
38,3 
148,4 
22,8 
66,3 
71,9 i contrfb. • 
0,9 
14,8 
15,7 
» 
1,7 
4,8 
4,9 
11,5 
15,2 
12,5 
27,7 
1.4 
3.0 
4,4 
2.2 
2,6 
5,7 
10,4 
179,3 
137.1 
30,2 
12,5 
18,0 
71.5 
11,1 
32,4 
35,7 ^nwrtroerrts 
19*7 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
Éiliililllli 
4,0 
0,0 
4,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
33,4 
15,5 
0,0 
0,0 
1,1 
0,0 
0.0 
0,0 
0.0 Commttniants: 
1884-97 
m 
0,9 
14,8 
16,7 
1,7 
4,8 
4,9 
11,5 
15,2 
12.5 
27,7 
1,4 
3,0 
4,4 
2,2 
2,6 
5,7 
10,4 
176,4 
15,5 
26,2 
12,5 
18,0 
10,0 
11,1 
32,4 
33,5 ..pay 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
11% 
87% 
100% 
100% 
14% 
100% 
100% 
94% Pa&want* 
1997 
0,3 
0,0 
0,3 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
0,6 
0,6 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,4 
22,3 
0,0 
1,4 
0,0 
0,5 
1.5 
0,0 
0,0 
o.o Payment* 
1994-97 
0,7 
7,4 
8,1 
0,9 
2.4 
2,5 
6,7 
6,0 
6,3 
12,2 
0,7 
2,1 
2,8 
1.1 
1,3 
3,3 
5,6 
85,2 
0,0 
13,5 
3.7 
9,0 
6,5 
3,3 
9,7 
10,0 80% 
50% 
62% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
60% 
39% 
50% 
44% 
50% 
70% 
64% 
50% 
50% 
58% 
64% 
48% 
0% 
45% 
30% 
50% 
9% 
30% 
30% 
28% 
DANMARK 
! 
Gfc* 
SPC 
SPC 
SPD 
SPD 
Toti 
<** 
SPD 
Ofep 
SPC 
0** 
Fore 
SPD 
Toti 
Ofep 
SPD 
Otop 
SPD 
TOT 
Ada 
Ada 
Entj 
Emp 
Ua< 
Leac 
Pa*< 
Pes< 
$MI 
SME 
KOtt 
Kon\ Programmes 
^aarWa4opfion) 
fce«va2 
Ldland 1997-99 (1997) 
Nord-jylland 1997-99 (1997) 
Lolland 1994-96 (1994) 
Nord-jylland 1994-96 (1994) 
it 
«»y*3 
Danmark (1994) 
K*tva4 
Danmark (1994) 
rttttfaMaorteutat* 
casts Danmark R. 2328/91 (1995) 
Danmark R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
il 
K$ttK»)ftoh*f|4* 
Danmark (1994) 
KttvaSW 
Danmark (1994) 
AL 
fcjttatfca 
fy*ar of adoption} 
I* " ' '""""""" 
at Danmark (1995) 
rtsiww* 
ifoyment Danmark (1994) 
** 
1er Danmark (1996) 
» 
a Danmark (1994) 
1* 
a Danmark (1996) 
war 
m Danmark (1995) YaU«ai riul 
4WMR»mn 
47,4 
222,3 
30,5 
216,4 
616,6 
584,3 
87,7 
352,5 
213.6 
666,1 
444,2 
202,3 
2.401,2 
Tota*W*t 
1 Ul 
69,0 
28,1 
26.7 
48,6 
5.1 
5,3 &Fumfcfc; 
; ftftntrife i 
13,8 
54,4 
7,0 
47,1 
122,3 
• 
268,1 
38,9 
102,7 
26,7 
129,4 
142,5 
54,0 
756,3 
: çontrlb* -
LMuJ 
31.7 
14.1 
8.2 
16.4 
2.6 
2.4 <Jorom tenants 
13,8 
17,4 
-1,6 
3,4 
33,1 
42,2 
7.4 
17,0 
0,0 
17,0 
0.0 
10,7 
110,4 
4997 
2,2 
3,5 
1.6 
4.1 
0.0 
0,0 : Comnrtttinants 
13,8 
17,4 
7,8 
47,1 
86,1 
169,2 
20,4 
67,3 
10,5 
77,8 
69,9 
24,2 
447,6 
t>»mjft|tmettts 
1994*7 
;„„„„„#„„„„„ 
31,7 
** 
14.1 
8.2 
16,4 
2,6 
2,4 % 
100% 
32% 
111% 
100% 
70% 
63% 
53% 
65% 
39% 
60% 
49% 
45% 
69% 
,.4fflfflh' 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% Psymantsj 
1S97 .j 
6,92 
8,71 
-0,80 
24,13 
39,0 
39,6 
4,99 
19,50 
1,08 
20,6 
27,9 
14,7 
146,8 
Payments! 
1997 j 
7.0 
3,9 
0.5 
• •+ 
2.7 
0,0 
0,0 Paymarrts 
1&94-S7 
6,92 
8,71 
5,57 
41,42 
62,6 
154,8 
15,66 
52,36 
9,48 
61,8 
58.2 
20,5 
373,7 
Paymant* 
1994-97 
t*J 
15,9 
7,0 
2.4 
4.9 
0,8 
-
1.2 man 
50% 
16% 
80% 
88% 
61% 
58% 
40% 
51% 
36% 
48% 
41% 
38% 
49% 
50% 
50% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
50% 
185 
initiative 
(year «f adoption} 
Urban 
Urban Danmark (1995) 
TOTAL 
IntettagTAegan 
Danrnark/Deutschland/Suomi Finland/Sverige: Baltic Sea 
(1997) 
United Kingdom/Danmark/Sverige/ Nederland/ 
DeutscWand: North Sea (1997) 
Danmark/Sverige (1996) 
Danmark/Deutschland: Fyns Amt/KER.N (1995) 
Danmark/Deutschland: Sonder-Jylland/Planungsraum V 
(1995) 
Danmark/Deutschland: Storstrom/Ostholstein/Lubeck 
(1995) 
Danmark: Baltic Sea (1995) Total tost 
3.0 
185,9 
47,5 
30.3 
28,0 
3,6 
22,2 
10,4 
4,6 5, Fund* 
contrih i 
1,5 
76,8 
25,0 
14,5 
13,0 
1.8 
11.1 
5,2 
2.0 'Cotatfiliiitants 
1997 
0,0 
11,6 
25,0 
14,5 
2,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 Colmmttma^ta 
1884*97 
to 
1.5 
76,8 
25,0 
14,5 
13,0 
1,8 
11,1 
5,2 
2,0 100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% Payments 
1997 
0,0 
14,1 
12.5 
0,0 
0,7 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 paymants 
1994-97 
0,5 
32,7 
12,5 
0.0 
3,9 
0,5 
3,3 
1.6 
0,6 32% 
43% 
50% 
0% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
!?^WtW#:ilx:;'::::Xv::::;::::::;:::v::::::::::>V:'::::x 
Regional OPs 
OP Berlin (East) (1994) 
OP Brandenburg (1) (1994) 
OP Brandenburg (2) (1994) 
OP Brandenburg (3) (1994) 
OP Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1) (1994) 
OP Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (2) (1994) 
OP Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (3) (1994) 
OPSachsen(l)(l994) 
OPSachsen(2)(1994) 
OPSachsen(3)(1994) 
OP Sachsen-Anhalt (1) (1994) 
OP Sachsen-Anhalt (2) (1994) 
OP Sachsen-Anhalt (3) (1994) 
OPThuringen(1)(1994) 
OPTh0ringen(2)(1994) 
OPTh0ringen(3)(1994) 
Murtiregional OPs 
OP Fisheries (1994) 
OP Workforce skilling (1994) 
Total 
Wl^il^^^^^^M^M^MMiMMM-
SPD Niedersachsen 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Bayem 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Berlin 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Bremen 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Hessen 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Nordrhein-Westfalen 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Rheinland-Pfalz 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Saarland 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Schleswig-Holstein 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Niedersachsen 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Bayem 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Berlin 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Bremen 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Hessen 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Nordrhein-Westfalen 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Rheinland-Pfalz 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Saarland 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Schleswig-Holstein 1994-96 (1994) 
Total 
;aiBliife^^ 
Regional OPs 
OP Baden-Wurttemberg (1994) 
OP Niedersachsen (1994) 
OPBayern(l994) 
OP Berlin (1994) 
OP Bremen (1994) 
OP Hamburg (1994) 
OP Hessen (1994) 
OP Nordrhein-Westfalen (1994) '^^.•Wktfj 
2.525,6 
4.573,0 
2.365,3 
776,5 
4.752,4 
1.564,4 
809,9 
9.029,0 
1.710,7 
965,9 
9.430,3 
1.844,5 
1.106,2 
5.467,4 
1.928,9 
774,9 
253,6 
2.258,3 
62.136,6 
225,2 
42,7 
413,1 
207,0 
78,2 
1.613,3 
67,1 
104,0 
37,6 
95,7 
30,5 
401,0 
177,6 
48,0 
1.262,2 
49,7 
240,6 
32,4 
6.125,8 
233,9 
276,8 
125,3 
123,2 
93,5 
86,3 
165,9 
743,8 ifiiiiiifjii|ii|i| 
747,7 
1.006,6 
733,5 
482,1 
810,7 
667.1 
363,0 
2.113,9 
631,3 
648,4 
1 134,4 
597,5 
660,3 
1.060.6 
530,8 
457,9 
109,3 
1.076,7 
13.831,6 
49.9 
19,8 
191,2 
55,1 
30,0 
450,6 
27,6 
58,9 
18,1 
43,1 
12,3 
155,4 
47,6 
16.6J 
340,4 
23,8 
48,6 
15,6 
1.604,5 
53,5 
121,2 
56,5 
51,9 
39.5 
39,1 
49,6 
280,6 <^rnfn)tmerrt* 
lllllilii; 
39,9 
254,8 
217,0 
80,4 
136,1 
7,1 
47,6 
360,7 
121,4 
131,0 
450,9 
93,5 
142,5 
177,7 
68,9 
77,3 
1.1 
106,3 
2.514,3 
16,0 
19,8 
61,1 
17,6 
30,0 
144,0 
27,6 
17,5 
18,1 
0,0 
0,1 
39,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
390,9 
7,8 
33,5 
0,0 
9,2 
6,7 
7,8 
7,8 
44,5 370,2 
581,0 
539,9 
290,1 
501,8 
415,1 
218,5 
1.303,2 
479,0 
361,4 
790,6 
361,3 
405,1 
628,3 
297,9 
272,0 
47,6 
584,3 
8.447,3 
16,0 
19,8 
61,1 
17,6 
30,0 
144,0 
27,6 
17,5 
18,1 
43,1 
14,3 
155,4 
47,6 
16,6 
340,4 
23,8 
48,6 
15,6 
1.056,9 
32,8 
89,3 
25,0 
33,4 
25,5 
25,2 
31,5 
143,3 Hill 
llli 
50% 
58% 
74% 
60% 
62% 
62% 
60% 
62% 
76% 
56% 
70% 
60% 
61% 
59% 
56% 
59% 
44% 
54% 
61% 
32% 
100% 
32% 
32% 
100% 
32% 
100% 
30% 
100% 
100% 
116% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
66% 
61% 
74% 
44% 
64% 
65% 
65% 
63% 
51% lIlBH 
109,6 
233,1 
101,7 
91,7 
118,4 
109,5 
83,8 
388,6 
102,5 
109,8 
99,4 
90,2 
127,9 
96,1 
53,7 
88,9 
12,7 
172,6 
2.190,2 
8,0 
9,9 
26,2 
8,8 
15,0 
72,0 
13,8 
8,7 
9,0 
20,6 
0,1 
65,0 
23,3 
1.7 
93,6 
0,0 
1.7 
3,0 
380,5 
10,7 
18,9 
0,0 
6,3 
9,4 
6,9 
9,5 
41,0 iiipiif 
310,8 
496,1 
367,3 
267,5 
448,0 
371,9 
193,8 
1.163,4 
357,3 
317.5 
402,5 
290,7 
340,8 
417,4 
236,8 
229,6 
39,5 
503,6 
6.754,6 
8,0 
9,9 
26,2 
8,8 
15,0 
72,0 
13,8 
8,7 
9,0 
34,6 
11,8 
110,8 
40,3 
13.2 
278,2 
14,3 
33,1 
12,4 
720,2 
29,4 
65,1 
15,1 
25,7 
23,4 
21,1 
28,1 
126,0 mil 
Will 
42% 
49% 
50% 
55% 
55% 
56% 
53% 
55% 
57% 
49% 
35% 
49% 
52% 
39% 
45% 
50% 
36% 
47% 
49% 
16% 
50% 
14% 
16% 
50% 
16% 
50% 
15% 
50% 
80% 
96% 
71% 
65% 
80% 
82% 
60% 
68% 
80% 
45% 
55% 
54% 
27% 
50% 
59% 
54% 
57% 
45% Initiative 
(year «f adoption} 
Urban 
Urban Danmark (1995) 
TOTAL 
IntettagTAegan 
Danrnark/Deutschland/Suomi Finland/Sverige: Baltic Sea 
(1997) 
United Kingdom/DanmanVSverige/ Nederland/ 
Deutschland: North Sea (1997) 
Danmark/Sverige (1996) 
Danmark/Deutschland: Fyns Amt/KER.N. (1995) 
Danmark/Deutschland: Sonder-Jylland/Planungsraum V 
(1995) 
Danmark/Deutschland: Storstrom/Ostholstein/Lubeck 
(1995) 
Danmark: Baltic Sea (1995) Total toat 
3,0 
185,9 
47,5 
30.3 
28,0 
3,6 
22,2 
10,4 
4,6 SFund* 
€Ofltrfb. i 
1,5 
76,8 
25,0 
14,5 
13,0 
1.8 
11.1 
5,2 
2.0 <£onwnltment* 
1997 
0,0 
11,6 
25,0 
14,5 
2,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 Commitments 
1884*97 
to 
1.5 
76,8 
25,0 
14,5 
13,0 
1,8 
11,1 
5,2 
2,0 100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% Payments; 
1997 
0,0 
14,1 
12.5 
0,0 
0,7 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 paymants 
1994-97 
0,5 
32,7 
12,5 
0.0 
3,9 
0,5 
3,3 
1.6 
0,6 32% 
43% 
50% 
0% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
DEUTSCHLAND 
!w.^l^!¥W¥l^:i*:*#::#&:::w 
Regional OPs 
OP Berlin (East) (1994) 
OP Brandenburg (1) (1994) 
OP Brandenburg (2) (1994) 
OP Brandenburg (3) (1994) 
OP Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1) (1994) 
OP Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (2) (1994) 
OP Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (3) (1994) 
OPSachsen(l)(l994) 
OPSachsen(2)(1994) 
OPSachsen(3)(1994) 
OP Sachsen-Anhalt (1) (1994) 
OP Sachsen-Anhalt (2) (1994) 
OP Sachsen-Anhalt (3) (1994) 
OPTh0ringen(1)(1994) 
OPTh0ringen(2)(1994) 
OPTh0ringen(3)(1994) 
Murtiregional OPs 
OP Fisheries (1994) 
OP Workforce skilling (1994) 
Total 
W*&iMMmttm^ 
SPD Niedersachsen 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Bayem 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Berlin 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Bremen 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Hessen 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Nordrhein-Westfalen 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Rheinland-Pfalz 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Saarland 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Schleswig-Holstein 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Niedersachsen 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Bayem 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Berlin 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Bremen 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Hessen 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Nordrhein-Westfalen 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Rheinland-Pfalz 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Saarland 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Schleswig-Holstein 1994-96 (1994) 
Total 
Bffijjiii^ 
Regional OPs 
OP Baden-Wurttemberg (1994) 
OP Niedersachsen (1994) 
OPBayern(l994) 
OP Berlin (1994) 
OP Bremen (1994) 
OP Hamburg (1994) 
OP Hessen (1994) 
OP Nordrhein-Westfalen (1994) '^^.•Wktfj 
2.525,6 
4.573,0 
2.365,3 
776,5 
4.752,4 
1.564,4 
809,9 
9.029,0 
1.710,7 
965,9 
9 430,3 
1.844,5 
1.106,2 
5 467,4 
1.928,9 
774,9 
253,6 
2.258,3 
62.136,6 
225,2 
42,7 
413,1 
207,0 
78,2 
1.613,3 
67,1 
104,0 
37,6 
95,7 
30,5 
401,0 
177,6 
48,0 
1.262,2 
49,7 
240,6 
32,4 
6.125,8 
233,9 
276,8 
125,3 
123,2 
93,5 
86,3 
165,9 
743,8 ifiiiiiifjii|ii|i| 
747,7 
1.006,6 
733,5 
482,1 
810,7 
667.1 
363,0 
2.113,9 
631,3 
648,4 
1 134,4 
597,5 
660,3 
1.060.6 
530,8 
457,9 
109,3 
1.076,7 
13.831,6 
49.9 
19,8 
191,2 
55,1 
30.0 
450,6 
27,6 
58,9 
18,1 
43,1 
12,3 
155,4 
47,6 
16.6J 
340,4 
23,8 
48,6 
15,6 
1.604,5 
53,5 
121,2 
56,5 
51,9 
39.5 
39,1 
49,6 
280,6 <^rnfn)troerrt* 
lllllilii; 
39,9 
254,8 
217,0 
80,4 
136,1 
7,1 
47,6 
360,7 
121,4 
131,0 
450,9 
93,5 
142,5 
177,7 
68,9 
77,3 
1.1 
106,3 
2.514,3 
16,0 
19,8 
61,1 
17,6 
30,0 
144,0 
27,6 
17,5 
18,1 
0,0 
0,1 
39,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
390,9 
7,8 
33,5 
0,0 
9,2 
6,7 
7,8 
7,8 
44,5 370,2 
581,0 
539,9 
290,1 
501,8 
415,1 
218,5 
1.303,2 
479,0 
361,4 
790,6 
361,3 
405,1 
628,3 
297,9 
272,0 
47,6 
584,3 
8.447,3 
16,0 
19,8 
61,1 
17,6 
30,0 
144,0 
27,6 
17,5 
18,1 
43,1 
14,3 
155,4 
47,6 
16,6 
340,4 
23,8 
48,6 
15,6 
1.056,9 
32,8 
89,3 
25,0 
33,4 
25,5 
25,2 
31,5 
143,3 Hill 
llli 
50% 
58% 
74% 
60% 
62% 
62% 
60% 
62% 
76% 
56% 
70% 
60% 
61% 
59% 
56% 
59% 
44% 
54% 
61% 
32% 
100% 
32% 
32% 
100% 
32% 
100% 
30% 
100% 
100% 
116% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
66% 
61% 
74% 
44% 
64% 
65% 
65% 
63% 
51% :Payw*f»t*3 
lIlBH 
109,6 
233,1 
101,7 
91,7 
118,4 
109,5 
83,8 
388,6 
102,5 
109,8 
99,4 
90,2 
127,9 
96,1 
53,7 
88,9 
12,7 
172,6 
2.190,2 
8,0 
9,9 
26,2 
8,8 
15,0 
72,0 
13,8 
8,7 
9,0 
20,6 
0,1 
65,0 
23,3 
1.7 
93,6 
0,0 
1.7 
3,0 
380,5 
10,7 
18,9 
0,0 
6,3 
9,4 
6,9 
9,5 
41,0 iiipiif 
310,8 
496,1 
367,3 
267,5 
448,0 
371,9 
193,8 
1.163,4 
357,3 
317.5 
402,5 
290,7 
340,8 
417,4 
236,8 
229,6 
39,5 
503,6 
6.754,6 
8,0 
9,9 
26,2 
8,8 
15,0 
72,0 
13,8 
8,7 
9,0 
34,6 
11,8 
110,8 
40,3 
13.2 
278,2 
14,3 
33,1 
12,4 
720,2 
29,4 
65,1 
15,1 
25,7 
23,4 
21,1 
28,1 
126,0 mil 
Will 
42% 
49% 
50% 
55% 
55% 
56% 
53% 
55% 
57% 
49% 
35% 
49% 
52% 
39% 
45% 
50% 
36% 
47% 
49% 
16% 
50% 
14% 
16% 
50% 
16% 
50% 
15% 
50% 
80% 
96% 
71% 
65% 
80% 
82% 
60% 
68% 
80% 
45% 
55% 
54% 
27% 
50% 
59% 
54% 
57% 
45% 
(1 ) Economic development 
(2) Rural development 
(3) Labour market 
186 
pfoflratfrittm 
(year of adoption) 
OP Rheinland-Pfalz (1994) 
OP Saarland (1994) 
OP Schleswig-Holstein (1994) 
Multireglonal OP 
Federal OP (1994) 
Total 
OfefeetiVft* 
SPD Deutschland (1994) 
0*4«*fr« $t*) ftglMtaf* 
SPD Niedersachsen R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Bayem R.866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Bremen R 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Hamburg R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Hessen R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Saarland R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Schleswig-Holstein R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Baden-WOrtternberg R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
SPD Nordrhein-Westfahlen R. 866 and 867/91 (1994) 
SPD Rheinland-Pfalz R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
Forecasts Deutschland R. 2328/91 (1995) 
Total 
i0ifii£i^ 
SPD Deutschland (1994) 
WS^f^l^^^^^^M^mMMM^^mMii 
SPD Baden-Wurttemberg (1995) 
SPD Nordrhein-Westfalen (1995) 
SPD Saarland (1995) 
SPD Niedersachsen (1994) 
SPD Bayem (1994) 
SPD Hessen (1994) 
SPD Rheinland-Pfalz (1994) 
SPD Schleswig-Holstein (1994) 
Total 
TOTAL 
^i^w^w^i^^^&K^^i^wi^im^i^^f^^^^^^^^. 
Wi^i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
Deutschland (1995) 
iwftptoiiiiwwfc^ 
Deutschland (1994) 
itaijijii^ 
Networks (1996) 
Schleswig-Holstein (1996) 
Baden-Wurttemberg (1995) 
Bayern(1995) 
Berlin (East) (1995) 
Brandenburg (1995) 
Hessen (1995) 
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1995) 
Niedersachsen (1995) 
Nordrhein-Westfalen (1995) 
Rheinland-Pfalz (1995) 
Saarland (1995) 
Sachsen(1995) 
Sachsen-Anhalt (1995) 
Thuringen (1995) 
Total 
P««ca '.•• 
Deutschland (1994) 
#iMSi&;&8^ 
Network: IBEX Magdeburg 1998: energy (1997) 
Baden-Wurttemberg (1996) 
Brandenburg (1996) 
Niedersachsen (1996) 
Rheinland-Pfalz (1996) 
Saarland (1996) 
Schleswig-Holstein (1996) 
Bayem (1995) 
Berlin (1995) 
Bremen (1995) 
Hessen (1995) 
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1995) Totaled 
93,1 
108,7 
78,2 
2.589,7 
4.718,4 
648,08 
99,6 
342,2 
4,5 
24,1 
84,8 
17,8 
10,2 
132,3 
132,5 
76,6 
3.491.8 
4.416,3 
285,2 
451,9 
117,9 
114,1 
699,1 
2993,5 
235,2 
426,8 
227,3 
6.265,9 
72.596,4 
Tofrilcosf 
539,9 
387,1 
2,0 
16,6 
14,3 
113,5 
0,4 
33,7 
24,9 
29,3 
40,1 
8,9 
25,5 
5,4 
35,5 
29,8 
29,7 
409,5 
62,0 
0,6 
1.8 
20,9 
9,7 
6,4 
3,1 
3,6 
17,8 
43,0 
9,3 
3,5 
36,0 5, funds 
! contrfb. 
to 
29,5 
40,9 
35,0 
887,6 
1.684,9 
265,34 
29,9 
85,5 
0,7 
4,3 
21,2 
3,1 
3,1 
22,3 
30,1 
18,8 
871,8 
1.090,8 
76,0 
74,9 
46,8 
24,1 
245,1 
572,0 
' 80,8 
111,3 
85,9 
1.240,8 
19.793,8 
::;:.«bhtriik-;:: 
iitpiii 
256.7 
201,0 
1,0 
6,6 
5,7 
43,0 
0,2 
18,8 
7,7 
15,6 
18,8 
4,4 
8,6 
2,2 
18,0 
17,6 
13,9 
182,2 
23,0 
0,3 
0,9 
14,9 
4,9 
3,2 
1,6 
1,8 
7,1 
16,3 
1,0 
1.2 
18,7 Commitments 
1997 
0,0 
7,0 
0,3 
4,1 
128,7 
33,56 
0,0 
5,9 
0,0 
1,4 
5,5 
0,5 
0,0 
3,1 
4,7 
2.1 
145,0 
168,2 
0,1 
21,4 
3,7 
7,1 
78,4 
115,7 
8,7 
16,1 
18,7 
269,8 
3.505,6 
Commttmtnts 
16,6 
W83*3&8W& 
77.9 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
2,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,5 
0,0 
0,0 
0,6 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
3,2 
-0,2 
0.3 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,9 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
1.7 
0,0 
0,0 
3,7 Ce!flimftm&ftt& 
189447 
to 
14,8 
26,1 
23,8 
478,4 
949,1 
-
89,78 
10,4 
35,7 
0,2 
2,1 
15,1 
2,6 
0,5 
11,7 
19,5 
8,7 
576,3 
682,8 
37,8 
44,4 
15,4 
11,1 
155,8 
330,9 
43,2 
58,6 
59,8 
719,3 
11.982,9 
;CoitnmrtfH*ttt* 
iiiiiiiilii 
93,3 
127,9 
1,0 
6,6 
5,7 
8,1 
0,2 
18,8 
6,7 
15,6 
18,8 
4.2 
8,6 
1,9 
18,0 
15,6 
13,9 
143,7 
23,0 
0,3 
0,9 
14,9 
4.9 
3,2 
1,6 
1.8 
7,1 
16,3 
1,0 
1,2 
18,7 50% 
64% 
68% 
54% 
66% 
33,84% 
35% 
42% 
35% 
49% 
71% 
82% 
16% 
52% 
65% 
46% 
66% 
63% 
50% 
59% 
33% 
46% 
64% 
58% 
54% 
53% 
70% 
68% 
61% 
36% 
64% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
19% 
100% 
100% 
87% 
100% 
100% 
96% 
100% 
87% 
100% 
88% 
100% 
79% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% Payments 
1997 j 
2,6 
6,7 
2,2 
181,7 
295,8 
33,09 
2.8 
13,9 
0,0 
0,7 
2,9 
0,5 
0,0 
0,7 
2,4 
0,5 
121,6 
146,0 
8.9 
17,3 
2.7 
4,8 
51.9 
60,3 
10,0 
14,4 
22,9 
184,3 
3.238,8 
P*ymtnts 
Ifllllll 
14,4 
54.7 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
1,5 
0,1 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
1.5 
1.0 
1.3 
1.5 
6,6 
13,9 
5,8 
WwMtftfi 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
2.2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
3,6 
3,7 
0,0 
0,0 
1.1 Payroont* 
139447 
(3) 
13,0 
24,4 
21,5 
424,8 
817,6 
56,59 
6,6 
32,9 
0,2 
1.1 
8,6 
1.9 
0,2 
7,4 
14,0 
'5,7 
454,6 
533,2 
28,9 
28,5 
10,4 
7,1 
114,4 
246,1 
33,6 
41,9 
49,1 
631,1 
9.442,1 
Payments 
V:;199*87l: 
53,2 
95,8 
0,4 
2,0 
1,7 
4,6 
0,2 
11,3 
2.0 
4,7 
5,7 
1,3 
4,1 
1.6 
6.7 
10,2 
.10,8 
66,9 
7,7 
0,1 
0.4 
4,5 
3,6 
1,2 
0,8 
0,9 
5,7 
8,1 
0,5 
0,4 
5,9 44% 
60% 
61% 
48% 
49% 
21,33% 
22% 
38% 
25% 
25% 
40% 
62% 
8% 
33% 
46% 
31% 
52% 
49% 
38% 
38% 
22% 
29% 
47% 
43% 
42% 
38% 
57% 
43% 
48% 
iiil 
21% 
48% 
40% 
30% 
30% 
11% 
80% 
60% 
26% 
30% 
30% 
29% 
47% 
69% 
37% 
58% 
77% 
37% 
34% 
40% 
50% 
30% 
75% 
36% 
49% 
50% 
80% 
50% 
49% 
30% 
31% PfOflratfrittm 
(year of adoption} 
OP Rheinland-Pfalz (1994) 
OP Saarland (1994) 
OP Schleswig-Holstein (1994) 
Multireglonal OP 
Federal OP (1994) 
Total 
0fefeetiVft4 
SPD Deutschland (1994) 
ttfrettr* *<«) tgiMtaf* 
SPD Niedersachsen R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Bayem R.866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Bremen R 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Hamburg R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Hessen R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Saarland R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Schleswig-Holstein R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Baden-Wurttemberg R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
SPD Nordrhein-Westfahlen R. 866 and 867/91 (1994) 
SPD Rheinland-Pfalz R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
Forecasts Deutschland R. 2328/91 (1995) 
Total 
i0ifii£i^ 
SPD Deutschland (1994) 
WS^^I^^^^^^M^mMMM^^mMii 
SPD Baden-Wurttemberg (1995) 
SPD Nordrhein-Westfalen (1995) 
SPD Saarland (1995) 
SPD Niedersachsen (1994) 
SPD Bayem (1994) 
SPD Hessen (1994) 
SPD Rheinland-Pfalz (1994) 
SPD Schleswig-Holstein (1994) 
Total 
TOTAL 
^i^W^W^i^^f^&S^^^wi^in^^^f^^^^^^^^. 
Wi^i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
Deutschland (1995) 
iwftptoiiiiwwfc^ 
Deutschland (1994) 
itaijijii^ 
Networks (1996) 
Schleswig-Holstein (1996) 
Baden-Wurttemberg (1995) 
Bayern(1995) 
Berlin (East) (1995) 
Brandenburg (1995) 
Hessen (1995) 
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1995) 
Niedersachsen (1995) 
Nordrhein-Westfalen (1995) 
Rheinland-Pfalz (1995) 
Saarland (1995) 
Sachsen(1995) 
Sachsen-Anhalt (1995) 
Thuringen (1995) 
Total 
P«4ca '.•• 
Deutschland (1994) 
#iMSi&;&8^ 
Network: IBEX Magdeburg 1998: energy (1997) 
Baden-Wurttemberg (1996) 
Brandenburg (1996) 
Niedersachsen (1996) 
Rheinland-Pfalz (1996) 
Saarland (1996) 
Schleswig-Holstein (1996) 
Bayem (1995) 
Berlin (1995) 
Bremen (1995) 
Hessen (1995) 
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1995) Totaled 
93,1 
108,7 
78,2 
2.589,7 
4.718,4 
648,08 
99,6 
342,2 
4,5 
24,1 
84,8 
17,8 
10,2 
132,3 
132,5 
76,6 
3.491.8 
4.416,3 
285,2 
451,9 
117,9 
114,1 
699,1 
2993,5 
235,2 
426,8 
227.3 
6.266,9 
72.596,4 
Tofrilcosf 
539,9 
387,1 
2,0 
16,6 
14,3 
113,5 
0,4 
33,7 
24,9 
29,3 
40,1 
8,9 
25,5 
5,4 
35,5 
29,8 
29,7 
409,5 
62,0 
0,6 
1.8 
20,9 
9,7 
6,4 
3,1 
3,6 
17,8 
43,0 
9,3 
3,5 
36,0 5, funds 
! contrfb. 
to 
29,5 
40,9 
35,0 
887,6 
1.684,9 
265,34 
29,9 
85,5 
0,7 
4,3 
21,2 
3,1 
3,1 
22,3 
30,1 
18,8 
871,8 
1.090,8 
76,0 
74,9 
46,8 
24,1 
245,1 
572,0 
' 80,8 
111,3 
85,9 
1.240,8 
19.793,8 
:¥*bntribi'::: 
iitpiii 
256.7 
201,0 
1,0 
6,6 
5,7 
43,0 
0,2 
18,8 
7,7 
15,6 
18,8 
4,4 
8,6 
2,2 
18,0 
17,6 
13,9 
182,2 
23,0 
0,3 
0,9 
14,9 
4,9 
3,2 
1,6 
1,8 
7,1 
16,3 
1,0 
1.2 
18,7 Cowtfnltm#tttt 
1997 
0,0 
7,0 
0,3 
4,1 
128,7 
33,56 
0,0 
5,9 
0,0 
1.4 
5,5 
0,5 
0,0 
3,1 
4,7 
2.1 
145,0 
168,2 
0,1 
21,4 
3,7 
7,1 
78,4 
115,7 
8,7 
16,1 
18,7 
269,8 
3.505,6 
Commttmtnts 
16,6 
W83*3&8W& 
77.9 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
2,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,5 
0,0 
0,0 
0,6 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
3,2 
-0,2 
0.3 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,9 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
1.7 
0,0 
0,0 
3,7 Commitments 
199447 
to 
14,8 
26,1 
23,8 
478,4 
949,1 
-
89,78 
10,4 
35,7 
0,2 
2,1 
15,1 
2,6 
0,5 
11.7 
19,5 
8,7 
576,3 
682,8 
37,8 
44,4 
15,4 
11,1 
155,8 
330,9 
43,2 
58,6 
59,8 
719,3 
11.982,9 
;Coittimrtfn*ttt* 
iiiiiiiilii 
93,3 
127,9 
1,0 
6,6 
5,7 
8,1 
0,2 
18,8 
6,7 
15,6 
18,8 
4,2 
8,6 
1,9 
18,0 
15,6 
13,9 
143,7 
23,0 
0,3 
0,9 
14,9 
4.9 
3,2 
1,6 
1.8 
7,1 
16,3 
1,0 
1,2 
18,7 50% 
64% 
68% 
54% 
66% 
33,84% 
35% 
42% 
35% 
49% 
71% 
82% 
16% 
52% 
65% 
46% 
66% 
63% 
50% 
59% 
33% 
46% 
64% 
58% 
54% 
53% 
70% 
68% 
61% 
:|p«i|| 
36% 
64% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
19% 
100% 
100% 
87% 
100% 
100% 
96% 
100% 
87% 
100% 
88% 
100% 
79% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% PayfliftHts 
1997 j 
2,6 
6,7 
2,2 
181,7 
295,8 
33,09 
2.8 
13,9 
0,0 
0,7 
2,9 
0,5 
0,0 
0,7 
2,4 
0,5 
121,6 
146,0 
8.9 
17,3 
2.7 
4,8 
51.9 
60,3 
10,0 
14,4 
22,9 
184,3 
3.238,8 
P*ymtnts 
Ifllllll 
14,4 
54.7 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
1,5 
0,1 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
1.5 
1.0 
1.3 
1.5 
6,6 
13,9 
5,8 
WwMtftfi 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
2.2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
3,6 
3,7 
0,0 
0,0 
1.1 Payroont* 
199447 
(3) 
13,0 
24,4 
21,5 
424,8 
817,6 
56,59 
6,6 
32,9 
0,2 
1.1 
8,6 
1.9 
0,2 
7,4 
14,0 
'5,7 
454,6 
533,2 
28,9 
28,5 
10,4 
7,1 
114,4 
246,1 
33,6 
41,9 
49,1 
631,1 
9.442,1 
Payments 
V:;199*87l: 
53,2 
95,8 
0,4 
2,0 
1,7 
4,6 
0,2 
11,3 
2.0 
4,7 
5,7 
1,3 
4,1 
1.6 
6.7 
10,2 
.10,8 
66,9 
7,7 
0,1 
0,4 
4,5 
3,6 
1,2 
0,8 
0,9 
5,7 
8,1 
0,5 
0,4 
5,9 44% 
60% 
61% 
48% 
49% 
21,33% 
22% 
38% 
25% 
25% 
40% 
62% 
8% 
33% 
46% 
31% 
52% 
49% 
38% 
38% 
22% 
29% 
47% 
43% 
42% 
38% 
57% 
43% 
48% 
iiil 
21% 
48% 
40% 
30% 
30% 
11% 
80% 
60% 
26% 
30% 
30% 
29% 
47% 
69% 
37% 
58% 
77% 
37% 
34% 
40% 
50% 
30% 
75% 
36% 
49% 
50% 
80% 
50% 
49% 
30% 
31% 
187 
mfoatJve 
(year of adoption} 
Nordrhein-Westfalen (1995) 
Sachsen(1995) 
Sachsen-Anhalt (1995) 
Thûringen (1995) 
Total Td&tc&t 
32,7 
101,6 
65,2 
63,7 
419,0 : s. fund* 
: contrib. 
to 
8,1 
43,7 
35,8 
29,7 
189,1 Convnitmerrts 
1997 
0,2 
8,5 
0,7 
0,6 
16,9 : Commttrfteftt-
199447 
1» 
8,1 
14,5 
35,8 
29,6 
159,8 % 
100% 
33% 
100% 
100% 
84% Payments 
1997 
0,1 
6,8 
0,0 
5,1 
22,8 Payment* 
1994^7 
(3) 
4,0 
11,4 
17,6 
14,8 
79,9 % 
50% 
26% 
49% 
50% 
42% 
îi&iâhiiii^^ 
Brandenburg (1996) 
Niedersachsen (1995) 
Nordrhein-Westfalen (1995) 
Saarland (1995) 
Sachsen(1995) 
Sachsen-Anhalt (1995) 
Thûringen (1995) 
Total 49,3 
3,4 
299,2 
29,5 
59,0 
34,1 
14,8 
. 489,3 30,3 
1.7 
74,8 
8,3 
34,1 
22,0 
7,4 
178,5 0,0 
0,0 
15,8 
3,5 
4,3 
4,4 
2,4 
30,4 30,3 
1.7 
45,4 
8,0 
34,1 
22,0 
7,4 
148,9 100% 
100% 
61% 
97% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
83% 0,0 
0,0 
31,4 
1,1 
0,0 
1,4 
3,4 
37,3 15,1 
0,8 
37,0 
3,3 
14,9 
10,2 
5,9 
87,3 50% 
49% 
49% 
41% 
. 44% 
46% 
80% 
49% 
Konver 
Baden-Wûrttemberg (1996) 
Brandenburg (1996) 
Sachsen(1996) 
Bayem (1995) 
Berlin (1995) 
Bremen (1995) 
Hamburg (1995) 
Hessen (1995) 
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1995) 
Niedersachsen (1995) 
Nordrhein-Westfalen (1995) 
Rheinland-P1alz(1995) 
Saarland (1995) 
Sachsen-Anhalt (1995) 
Schleswig-Holstein (1995) 
Thûringen (1995) 
Total 51,7 
,53,9 
69,2 
39,4 
26,4 
28,4 
3,4 
67,8 
57,2 
43,8 
45,6 
37,5 
9,5 
29,5 
29,8 
60,7 
653,8 12,7 
37,1 
43,5 
17,3 
17,5 
6,4 
1.7 
16,7 
33,7 
17,2 
20,3 
18,1 
1,2 
19,3 
8,9 
30,8 
302,5 0,0 
0,0 
0,3 
4,6 
5,8 
1,9 
0,5 
4,0 
14,2 
4,3 
3,8 
4,2 
0,0 
8,2 
0,0 
11,3 
63,2 12,7 
37,1 
25,4 
17,3 
17,5 
6,4 
1.7 
16,7 
33,7 
17,2 
18,7 
18,1 
1,2 
19,3 
8,9 
30,8 
282,8 100% 
100% 
58% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
92% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
93% 0,0 
3,3 
3,0 
1,5 
2,9 
2,9 
0,1 
7,0 
17,2 
0,0 
0,0 
5,2 
0,0 
0,0 
1,9 
0,0 
45,2 6,3 
21,9 
15,6 
7,9 
8,7 
5,1 
0,5 
13,3 
27,0 
6,4 
7,5 
12,2 
0,6 
5,6 
6,3 
9,7 
154,7 50% 
59% 
36% 
46% 
50% 
80% 
30% 
80% 
80% 
37% 
37% 
67% 
50% 
29% 
71% 
32% 
51% 
IReïW^ 
Brandenburg (1996) 
Bayem (1995) 
Bremen (1995) 
Niedersachsen (1995) 
Nordrhein-Westfalen (1995) 
Saarland (1995) 
Sachsen(1995) 
Sachsen-Anhalt (1995) 
Thûringen (1995) 
Total 42,4 
13,2 
6,7 
53,3 
420,1 
46,8 
37,4 
8,3 
11,2 
639,3 26,2 
5,9 
3,3 
17,1 
112,2 
12,9 
16,1 
5,4 
7,4 
206,6 0,0 
0,5 
0,1 
0.0 
31,6 
3,5 
1.2 
0,4 
1.3 
38,7 26,2 
5,9 
3,3 
17,1 
43,3 
12,9 
16,1 
5,4 
7,4 
137,7 100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
39% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
67% 0,0 
1,4 
0,0 
0,0 
18,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
2,9 
22,7 13,1 
4,1 
1,6 
8,5 
26,6 
4,7 
7,4 
2,7 
6,0 
74,7 50% 
68% 
49% 
50% 
24% 
36% 
46% 
50% 
80% 
36% 
itâà^^ 
Brandenburg (1996) 
Niedersachsen (1995) 
Sachsen(1995) 
Thûringen (1995) 
Baden-Wûrttemberg (1993) 
Bayem (1993) 
Hessen (1993) 
Nordrhein-Westlalen (1993) 
Total 6,0 
5,0 
108,6 
44,6 
24,5 
141,6 
7,6 
3,7 
341,6 3,3 
1,8 
46,0 
10,9 
2,1 
9,9 
1.9 
1,6 
77,4 0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
1,3 
0,0 
1,0 
1.3 
0,3 
4,1 3,3 
1,8 
5,0 
10,9 
2,1 
9,9 
1.9 
1.6 
36,4 100% 
100% 
11% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
47% 0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
3,5 
0,0 
3,1 
0,0 
0,3 
6,9 1,6 
0,9 
2,5 
8,3 
1,1 
7,9 
0,4 
1.0 
23,8 50% 
49% 
5% 
76% 
55% 
80% 
23% 
62% 
31% 
iiiirfciiiS 
Sachsen (Zwickau) (1997) 
Schleswig-Holstein (Kiel) (1997) 
Halle (1996) 
Saarbrûcken(1996) 
Berlin (1995) 
Brandenburg (1995) 
Bremen (1995) 
Chemnitz (1995) 
Duisburg(1995) 
Erfurt (1995) 
Magdeburg (1995) 
Rostock (1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 19,7 
15,0 
5,2 
22,6 
31,5 
9,6 
16,7 
14,5 
18,7 
17,5 
20,1 
16,3 
207,3 
4.148,6 9,8 
7,1 
2,7 
8,0 
16,4 
7.2 
8,2 
9,4 
8,1 
13,2 
12,9 
12,2 
115,2 
1.732,2 9.8 
7,1 
0,0 
2,4 
0,3 
0,0 
0,2 
0,2 
0,0 
0,3 
3,7 
0,2 
24,2 
276,0 9,8 
7,1 
2,7 
8,0 
16,4 
7,2 
8,2 
9,4 
8,1 
13,2 
12,9 
12,2 
115,2 100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
1.268,7, 73% 4,9 
3,6 
0,0 
0,7 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
0,1 
1,9 
0,0 
11,6 
235,3 4,9 
3,6 
1,4 
2,4 
5,6 
2,4 
4,0 
3,4 
2,4 
4,0 
6,4 
5,6 
46,1 
690,1 50% 
50% 
50% 
30% 
34% 
34% 
49% 
36% 
30% 
30% 
50% 
46% 
40% 
40% 
Intetrtg/ReûAn 
Belgique/BelgiôVDeutschland/France/Luxembourg/ 
Nederiand: Rhine-Meuse (1997) 
Danmark/Deutschland/Suomi Finland/Sverige: Baltic Sea 
(1997) 426,7 
47,5 137,1 
25,0 15,5 
25,0 15,5 
25,0 11% 
100% 0,0 
12,5 0,0 
12,5 0% 
50% 
188 
mfuative 
(year of adoption) 
Osterreich/Deutschland/Ellada/ltalia Central, Adriatic, 
Danubian and South-Eastern European Space (1997) 
United KingdonVDanmark/Sverige/Nederland/ 
Deutschland: North Sea (1997) 
Deutschland/ôsterreich (1996) 
Danmark/Deutschiand: FynsAmt/K.E.R.N (1995) 
Danmark/Deutschiand: Sonder-Jylland/Planungsraum V 
(1995) 
Danmark/Deutschiand: Storstrom/Ostholstein/LQbeck 
(1995) 
(1995) 
Deutschland/'France: Rheinland-Pfalz/Saarland/ Lorraine 
(1995) 
Deutschland/Luxembourg: Euregio (1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland/Belgique/België: Euregio Meuse-
Rhine(1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Ems-Dollard (1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Euregio (1995) 
(1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Euregio Rhine-Waal (1995) 
Deutschland/Poland/Czech Republic: Sachsen (1995) 
Deutschland/Poland: Brandenburg (1995) 
Deutschland/Poland: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1995) 
Deutschland/Czech Republic: Bayern (1995) 
Deutschland/Suisse: Bodensee (1995) 
France/Deutschlarid: PAMINA (1995) Total cost 
36,8 
30,3 
56,3 
3,6 
22.2 
10,4 
51,4 
46,5 
30,9 
71,9 
62,7 
53,6 
12,8 
23,2 
220,0 
110,7 
84,1 
42,2 
13,8 
22,1 S. Funds 
contrib. 
(1) 
20,9 
14,5 
24,6 
1,8 
11,1 
5,2 
25,2 
23,3 
8,0 
35,7 
22,5 
22,0 
6,4 
11,5 
149,4 
73,5 
63,1 
16,8 
6,9 
11,1 Commitmem-
1997 
20,9 
14,5 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
-0,5 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
-2,2 
0,0 
0,0 
32,4 
0,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
1,0 : Commftmettts 
1994-97 
20,9 
14,5 
24,6 
1,8 
11,1 
5,2 
22,9 
23,3 
8,0 
33,5 
22,5 
19,8 
6,4 
11,5 
52,1 
10,5 
8,8 
16,8 
6,9 
11.1 100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
91% 
100% 
100% 
94% 
100% 
90% 
100% 
100% 
35% 
14% 
14% 
100% 
100% 
100% Payments 
1997 
10,5 
0,0 
3,5 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,3 
24,5 
0,8 
0,0 
3,0 
0.4 
0,3 Payments 
199447 
(3) 
10,5 
0,0 
10,9 
0,5 
3,3 
1,6 
7,4 
7,2 
2,4 
10,0 
6,7 
6.6 
1,9 
3,7 
34,3 
5,8 
4,4 
8,4 
3,4 
3,3 % 
50% 
0% 
44% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
29% 
31% 
30% 
28% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
33% 
23% 
8% 
7% 
50% 
49% 
30% 
ELLAS n 
Programme* 
(year of adoption) Total cost :. &. Funds 
contrib, 
m Commitments 
1ÔÔ7 Commitments 
19944(7 % 
E2WH Payments 
1997 : Payments 
1994417 
. _*__ . 
ObjMW*i 
Regional OPs 
OPAttiki(1994) 
OPKriti(1994) 
OP Voreio Aigaio (1994) 
OP Notio Aigaio (1994) 
OP Epiros (1994) 
OPStereaEllada(1994) 
OPDitikiEllada(1994) 
OP Ionia Nisia (1994) 
OP Kentriki Makedonia (1994) 
OP Ditiki Makedom'a (1994) 
OP Makedonia - Thraki (1994) 
OP Peloponnisos (1994) 
OPThessalia(1994) 975,1 
435,3 
327,9 
380,0 
344,9 
623,0 
514,2 
273,9 
816,9 
341,5 
689,0 
440,2 
568,0 685,7 
312,3 
210,2 
224,1 
236,5 
371,8 
310,7 
170,7 
588,5 
244,0 
494,3 
286,0 
375,8 188,9 
96,9 
31,8 
35,3 
61,2 
58,4 
80,7 
26,5 
17,7 
50,2 
77,0 
45,2 
113,2 491,0 
237,4 
121,7 
135,0 
186,3 
215,1 
214,6 
101,7 
354,1 
146,7 
296,8 
137,0 
296,1 72% 
76% 
58% 
60% 
79% 
58% 
69% 
60% 
60% 
60% 
60% 
48% 
79% 129,3 
48,3 
29,6 
33,4 
39,7 
27,5 
32,5 
8,4 
58,4 
32,9 
80,4 
7.4 
68,0 408,5 
167,8 
107,1 
109,5 
144,1 
148,9 
129,8 
64,7 
278,8 
108,6 
247,3 
86,7 
199,9 60% 
54% 
51% 
49% 
61% 
40% 
42% 
38% 
47% 
44% 
50% 
30% 
53% 
Multiregional OPs 
GG Industry (1997) 
OP Technical assistance (1996) 
OP Culture-tourism (1995) 
OP Postal services (1995) 
OP Telecommunications (1995) 
OP Agriculture (1994) 
OP Railways (1994) 
OP Urban development (Underground) (1994) 
OP Education and initial training (1994) 
OP Energy (1994) 
OP Environnement (1994) 
OP Social exclusion (1994) 
OP Public administration (1994) 
OP Continuous training (1994) 
OP Natural gas (1994) 
OP Industry and services (1994) 
OP Fisheries - Aquaculture (1994) 
OP Research - Technology (1994) 
OP Roads - Ports - Airports (1994) 
OP Health - Prevention (1994) 
Technical assistance 
TOTAL 
initiative 
{year of adoption} 
Adapt 30,0 
84,8 
797,7 
117,1 
383,8 
2.882,7 
548,0 
1.566,0 
1.881,7 
1.116,0 
515,0 
328,0 
305,4 
1.283,0 
825,4 
2.778,9 
314,1 
560,2 
2.542,4 
339,0 
0,7 
25.929,7 
^cSkcost 15,0 
67,3 
229,1 
78,0 
203,7 
1.287,4 
329,1 
783,0 
1.411,3 
358,5 
376,7 
246,0 
168,6 
756,0 
354,6 
705,0 
151,8 
316,2 
1.327,4 
226,4 
0,7 
13.902,3 
; 4L Funds : 
i contrib, 
m 15,0 
2.0 
0,0 
0,0 
75,8 
232,0 
0,0 
183,5 
139,0 
66,8 
0,0 
. 51,7 
19,2 
124,4 
47,9 
108,5 
29,7 
28,5 
360,0 
0,0 
0,7 
2.367,8 
Commitments 
1997 15,0 
15,5 
74,0 
10,8 
165,1 
976,8 
223,5 
657,0 
534,8 
279,3 
157,5 
120,4 
67,4 
437,9 
249,6 
290,7 
72,5 
155,7 
1.000,4 
57,3 
0,7 
8.495,4 
: Connu ttitisii—» 
«994*7 100% 
23% 
32% 
14% 
81% 
76% 
68% 
84% 
38% 
78% 
42% 
49% 
40% 
58% 
70% 
41% 
48% 
49% 
75% 
25% 
100% 
61% 1.1 
7,3 
16,4 
0,0 
46,4 
216,0 
0,0 
81,6 
165,3 
64,7 
49,7 
19,7 
16.5 
98,1 
84,2 
87,7 
31,7 
36,6 
73,5 
0,0 
0,0 
1.692,1 
Payments: 
.1997 1,1 
14,0 
59,1 
5,4 
110,3 
818,8 
120,9 
433,7 
417,5 
254,0 
126,9 
59,9 
51,8 
350,0 
179,1 
231,6 
58,5 
127,6 
438,2 
35,1 
0,0 
6.095,2 
Payments 
1994*7 
(*) 7% 
21% 
26% 
7% 
54% 
64% 
37% 
55% 
30% 
71% 
34% 
24% 
31% 
46% 
50% 
33% 
39% 
40% 
33% 
16% 
0% 
44% 
itam 
Ellada(1995) | 49.7| 33,5| 2,5| 29.9| 89%| 6.5| 14.9J 45% 
Emptoyment ? 
Ellada(1994) ( 104,7| 70,7| 15,8| 28,4| 40% | 11.7| 18.0| 25% 
189 
mrtiafjve 
(year of adoption) Tata* «as* i 5, Fund* 
: contrib. 
to Commitment* Commftmants 
1997 1SS4-97 % 
Jffln Payments Payment* 
1997 1994*7 
m * 
mn 
tMikâat 
Eliada (1995) 
Pesca 
Eliada (1994) 
SMEs. 
Eliada (1995) 
Rechar 
Eliada (1995) 
KomfK 
Eliada (1995) 
Résider 
Eliada (1995) 
***** 
Eliada (1993) 263,6] 148,0 
56,8) 31,1 
156,91 83,3 
4,11 3,1 
20,3| 12,9 
8,9| 4,7 
145.3] 87,5 0,0| 22.6J 15% 
3,8] 30.6J 98% 
0,0| 28,8) 35% 
1,4] 2,9| 95% 
1,4| 12,9[ 100% 3,5| 14,8| 10% 
10,4| 13,0| 42% 
v 
0,of 14,4| 17% 
0,7) 1,5| 48% 
0j| 6,5| 50% 
» 
0,0] 4,7| 100%j 0,0| 2.3J 50% 
0,o| 61,0] 70%) 11,7f 48.4| 55% 
Urfaaa 
Eliada (1995) 
TOTAL 67,2 
877,4 45,2 
520,0 0,0 
24,9 5,6 
227,4 12% 
44% 0,0 
45,2 2,3 
136,0 5% 
26% 
Irttettéû/R _**t 
Ellada/ltalia: Ipros, Ionia Nisia, Dutiki Eliada and Puglia 
(1997) 
Ôsterreich/Deutschland/Ellada/ltalia: Central, Adriatic, 
Danubian and South-Eastern European Space (1997) 
Ellada/Albania/Bulgaria (1995) 
Ellada/ltalia (REGEN Electricity) (1995) 
Eliada: Completion of energy networks (REGEN) (1995) 304,9 
36,8 
494,9 
189,4 
459,2 169,2 
20.9 
314,0 
75,8 
183,7 39,9 
20,9 
41,6 
0,0 
80,5 39,9 
20,9 
107,9 
22,0 
183,7 24% 
100% 
34% 
29% 
100% 19,9 
10,5 
47,4 
0,0 
79,4 19,9 
10,5 
96,4 
11,0 
161,9 12% 
50% 
31% 
15% 
88% 
ESPANA 
Programmas 
(year ot adaption} Tot** cost &. Funds 
contrib, 
m Commitments 
1997 Commitment» 
1994*7 
<2J % Payments 
1997 ; Payments 
1994*7 
m 
Qbjeettvsel 
Regional OPs 
GG Castilla y Leon (1997) 
MP Main drain, Santander Bay (1997) 
MP Cartagena-Puertdlona oil pipeline(1997) 
GG Castilla-La Mancha (1) (1996) 
OP Ceuta and Melilla (2) (1996) 
OP Commerce and tourism (2) (1996) 
MP Gibraltar-Cordoba gas pipeline (1996) 
MP Natural gas installation, Huelva (1996) 
QGAndaluci'a(1995) 
OPAndalucfa(3)(1995) 
OP Cantabria (2) (1995) 
GG Salamanca (1995) 
GG Sodical (Castilla y Leôn) (1995) 
OPAndalucfa(1)(1994) 
OPAndaluci'a(2)(1994) 
OPAsturias(1)(1994) 
OPAsturias(2)(1994) 
OP Asturias (3) (1994) 
OP Canarias (1 ) (1994) 
OPCanarias(2)(1994) 
OP Canarias (3) (1994) 
OP Castilla-La Mancha (1 ) (1994) 
OP Castilla-La Mancha (2) (1994) 
OP Castilla-La Mancha (3) (1994) 
OP Castilla y Leon(1) (1994) 
OP Castilla y Leon (2) (1994) 
OP Castilla y Leôn (3) (1994) 
OP Ceuta (1) (1994) 
OP Doftana Phase 2 (4) (1994) 
OP Extremadura (1 ) (1994) 
OP Extremadura (2) (1994) 
OP Extremadura (3) (1994) 
OPGalicia(1)(1994) 
OPGalid'a(2)(1994) 
OPGaliria(3)(1994) 
OP Melilla (1994) 352,8 
25,3 
161,2 
41,4 
16,3 
41,9 
298,5 
27,4 
1.894,5 
575,3 
12,0 
39,1 
43,1 
6.727,8 
440,4 
1.410,8 
42,6 
116,5 
1.179,4 
218,2 
201,4 
2.010,4 
47,5 
628,5 
2.752,3 
174,1 
746,3 
70,9 
225,5 
1.603,2 
211,2 
299,8 
2.537,5 
242,0 
464,1 
82,4 56,2 
17,7 
62,9 
6,5 
13,1 
31,4 
99,0 
7,3 
223.9 
342,0 
9,0 
12,9 
6,5 
2.991,6 
330,3 
809,2 
32,1 
81,1 
694,7 
185,4 
92,7 
936,6 
35,6 
288,4 
1.612,6 
130,6 
381,1 
47,4 
146,6 
1.019,8 
168,9 
169,8 
1.576,4 
181,5 
303,5 
42,1 4,7 
4,4 
17,7 
1.7 
0,0 
10,7 
0,0 
0,0 
4,2 
48,7 
1.2 
0,0 
0,0 
740,6 
68,0 
0,0 
5,2 
12,8 
131,6 
66,1 
19,8 
285,0 
5,2 
34,7 
363,8 
13,1 
112,6 
7,3 
0,0 
233,0 
37,5 
29,3 
27,6 
26,9 
100,3 
0,0 4,7 
4,4 
17,7 
3,2 
13,1 
31,4 
89,8 
7,3 
106,8 
182,2 
2,6 
6,3 
3,6 
2.388,2 
204,6 
516,0 
21,0 
54,2 
637,2 
120,9 
59,3 
799,0 
23,3 
157,9 
1.148,1 
77,4 
284,2 
42,7 
58,1 
605,1 
104,6 
101,5 
1.130,3 
105,1 
242,3 
28,1 8% 
25% 
28% 
50% 
100% 
100% 
91% 
100% 
48% 
53% 
29% 
49% 
55% 
80% 
62% 
64% 
65% 
67% 
92% 
65% 
64% 
85% 
65% 
55% 
71% 
59% 
75% 
90% 
40% 
59% 
62% 
60% 
72% 
58% 
80% 
67% 0,0 
2,2 
0,0 
1,3 
6,5 
5,4 
0,0 
1,5 
30,7 
55,9 
0,0 
0,0 
1,5 
691,6 
47,6 
168,5 
5,1 
14,0 
135,9 
76,3 
18,8 
198,8 
5,8 
41,9 
341,9 
6,8 
53,3 
8,6 
0,0 
70,8 
31,2 
28,2 
246,7 
22,5 
43,6 
6,1 0,0 
2,2 
0,0 
2,1 
10,4 
15,7 
71,8 
7,3 
85,0 
166,3 
0,7 
5,0 
3,3 
1.678.2 
153,0 
450,8 
18,4 
51,5 
478,2 
103,7 
54,9 
573,3 
20,1 
137,4 
890,0 
49,8 
200,4 
39,8 
46,4 
340,9 
75,1 
89,1 
1.023,6 
83,5 
175,0 
19,5 0% 
12% 
0% 
33% 
80% 
50% 
73% 
100% 
38% 
49% 
8% 
39% 
51% 
56% 
46% 
56% 
57% 
63% 
69% 
56% 
0,6 
61% 
57% 
48% 
55% 
38% 
53% 
84% 
32% 
33% 
44% 
52% 
65% 
46% 
58% 
46% 
(1 ) Single fund OP: ERDF 
(2) Single fund OP: ESF 
(3) Single fund OP: EAGGF 
(4) Including appropriations under heading B2-1820 
190 
Programmas 
(year of adoption) 
GGMurda(1)(1994) 
OPMurda(1)(1994) 
OPMurda(2)(1994) 
OPMurda(3)(1994) 
OP Multiregional Cantabria (1 ) (1994) 
OP Multiregional Cantabria (3) (1994) 
OP Regional Cantabria (1) (1994) 
OP Comunidad Valendana (1 ) (1994) 
OP Comunidad Valendana (2) (1994) 
OP Comunidad Valenciana (3) (1994) Total cost 
518,0 
767,3 
60,1 
127,3 
536,6 
110,8 
158,6 
3.691,7 
418,4 
274,2 5,Fund* 
contrib. 
to 
79,2 
467,3 
45,1 
55,6 
343,0 
54,3 
105,0 
1.207,9 
313,8 
103,5 Commltmaftt* 
1997 
17,1 
107,1 
6,6 
9,0 
0,0 
. 13,8 
51,0 
0,0 
45,3 
40,4 C^mmftmaats 
1994*7 
42,7 
335,8 
24,5 
34,5 
247,7 
30,8 
66,0 
936,4 
226,6 
95,3 54% 
69% 
54% 
62% 
72% 
57% 
63% 
78% 
72% 
92% Payments 
1997 
8,6 
32,6 
7,9 
7,2 
103,7 
7,9 
46,9 
98,9 
41,2 
24,2 Payment* 
1994*7 
m 
31.5 
229,2 
19,8 
30,5 
225,1 
18,2 
54,4 
722,6 
188,2 
75,7 % 
mn 
40% 
47% 
44% 
55% 
66% 
33% 
52% 
60% 
60% 
73% 
Multiregional OPs 
OP Updating d statistical data (1996) 
OP Technical assistance^ ) (1996) 
OP Rural development (1996) 
MP Valencia-Cartagena gas ppeline (1996) 
GGIDAE(1996) 
OPPITMAII(5)(1996) 
OP Technical assistance(3) (1995) 
GG Chamber of commerce (1995) 
OP Regional aids ( 1994 ) 
GG SMEs competitiveness (1994) 
OP Local environment (1994) 
OPFORCEM(1994) 
OP Food industry (1994) 
OPINEM(6)(1994) 
OP Sdentific infrastrudure (1994) 
OP Local (1994) 
OP Ministry of Education (1994) 
OP Ministries (1994) 
OP Independent bodies (1994) 
OPFisheries(1994) 
GG Industrial technology (1994) 
Technical assistance 
Total 79,4 
26,7 
538,2 
60,7 
964,6 
623,7 
18,4 
37,0 
3125,9 
344,9 
628,6 
447,6 
3218,3 
3.475,2J 
479,4 
812,5 
1.953,6 
72,2 
352,5 
1.697,0 
472,6 
0,8 
52.254,8 59,6 
20,0 
275,4 
23,8 
118,3 
59,7 
13,8 
19,2 
387,0 
241,5 
580,6 
262,5 
1.230,5 
2.606,4 
342,2 
580,6 
1.465,2 
54,2 
264,4 
1 015,5 
143,2 
0,8 
25.705,6 0,0 
0,0 
i 0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
16,4 
2,0 
4,5 
111,2 
0,0 
265,0 
38,0 
354,0 
407,5 
60,9 
218,9 
236,9 
9,0 
60,5 
183,1 
30,0 
0,5 
4.702,5 20,1 
8,0 
41,4 
23,8 
23,7 
24,0 
4,0 
5,6 
331,4 
102,7 
361,8 
176,8 
1.012,9 
1.747,9 
256,9 
412,4 
802,6 
28,9 
153,2 
645,8 
82,8 
0,8 
17.689,8 34% 
40% 
15% 
100% 
20% 
40% 
29% 
29% 
86% 
43% 
62% 
67% 
82% 
67% 
75% 
71% 
55% 
53% 
58% 
64% 
58% 
100% 
69% 0,0 
2,4 
0,0 
0,0 
18,9 
6,1 
2,6 
2,6 
117,3 
0,0 
98,8 
72,9 
186,9 
285,6 
75,5 
136,6 
161,1 
8,2 
61,1 
193,7 
15,0 
0,3 
4.193,6 10,0 
6,4 
20,7 
19,0 
18,9 
6,1 
3,6 
3,2 
309,1 
77,5 
147,2 
142,3 
712,4 
1.538,5 
184,0 
262,4 
688,7 
21,5 
112,9 
532,4 
62,5 
0,3 
13.597,3 17% 
32% 
8% 
80% 
16% 
10% 
26% 
16% 
80% 
32% 
25% 
54% 
58% 
59% 
54% 
45% 
47% 
40% 
43% 
52% 
44% 
43% 
53% 
iQbilç^ 
Regional OPs 
OP Aragon 1997-99 (1997) 
OP Baléares 1997-99 (1997) 
OP CataluPia 1997-99 (1997) 
OP La Rioja 1997-99 (1997) 
OP Navarra 1997-99 (1997) 
OP Aragon 1994-96 (1995) 
OP Baléares 1994-96 (1995) 
OP Catalufta 1994-96 (1995) 
OP La Rioja 1994-96 (1995) 
OP Madrid 1994-96 (1995) 
OP Navarra 1994-96 (1995) 
OP Pais Vasco 1994-96 (1995) 478,0 
68,3 
3 440,0 
132,0 
136,3 
148,7 
57,6 
4.665,3 
64,9 
314,7 
102,6 
1 889,0 105,2 
14,8 
688,9 
17,6 
25,4 
40,5 
8,7 
448,2 
8,5 
122,1 
21,4 
311,6 23,7 
12,6 
181,7 
15,7 
25,4 
-7,2 
-0,6 
0,0 
-0,7 
0,0 
-1,4 
-11,4 23,7 
12,6 
181,7 
15,7 
25,4 
45,6 
9,5 
448,2 
10,7 
128,3 
21,4 
311,6 23% 
85% 
26% 
89% 
100% 
113% 
110% 
100% 
126% 
105% 
100% 
100% 0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
12,7 
9,5 
0,0 
104,1 
-2,2 
0,3 
0,0 
103,0 0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
12,7 
33,1 
7,8 
379,8 
6,9 
68,1 
16,7 
281,7 0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
50% 
82% 
90% 
85% 
81% 
56% 
78% 
90% 
Multiregional OP 
Multiregional OP 1994-96 (2) (1995) 
Total 64,7 
11.562,2 29,1 
1.841,8 -10,6 
227,1 29,1 
1.263,5 100% 
69% 0,0 
227,4 27,7 
834,6 95% 
45% 
iCiïiiSëwfë^ 
Regional OPs 
OP Aragon (1994) 
OP Baléares (1994) 
OPCataluna(1994) 
OP La Rioja (1994) 
OP Madrid (1994) 
OP Navarra (1994) 
OP Pais Vasco (1994) 45,1 
28,8 
210,3 
9,6 
250,2 
94,6 
279,2 20,3 
12,9 
94,6 
4,3 
112,6 
42,6 
125,7 0,0 
0,0 
12,8 
0,0 
0,0 
7,3 
19,4 20,3 
12,9 
59,7 
4,3 
43,7 
31,1 
81,7 100% 
100% 
63% 
100% 
39% 
73% 
65% 3,5 
0,0 
16,8 
0,8 
1,2 
7,8 
20,1 8,9 
3,0 
48,7 
1,6 
33,4 
27,7 
66,2 44% 
23% 
51% 
38% 
30% 
65% 
53% 
Multiregional OPs 
OP Various bodies (1994) 
OPINEM(6)(1994) 
Multiregional OP (1994) 
OP Universities (1994) 
Total 68,3 
1.393,2 
740,6 
201,2 
3.321,1 30,7 
626,9 
333,3 
90,5 
1.494,5 -3,3 
119,0 
81,7 
14,5 
251,4 30,7 
396,8 
184,1 
52,5 
917,9 100% 
63% 
55% 
58% 
61% 2,2 
83,7 
57,1 
15,2 
208,3 7,0 
339,4 
150,7 
36,4 
725,0 23% 
54% 
45% 
42% 
49% 
aôïiâi^ 
SPD Espafia (1994) 
Technical assistance 
Total 1.045,0 
0,2 
1.045,1 368,6 
0,2 
368,8 47,0 
0,0 
47,0 214,7 
0,2 
214,8 58% 
99% 
68% 81,3 
0,0 
81,3 157,1 
0,2 
157,3 43% 
99% 
43% 
(1 ) Single fund OP: ERDF 
(2) Single Fund OP: ESF 
(3) Single fund OP: EAGGF 
(5) Industrial and technological programme for the environment 
(6) National Employment Institute 
191 
Proara*nm»* 
(yaar of adoption) 
ttfejtctfvatN agriculture 
Forecasts Espafia R. 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD Espafia R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
Total 
0*Jft#fv*a<a>f1sh*lM 
SPD Espafia (1994) 
Obteetiv*${b> 
SPD Baleares (1995) 
SPD Aragon (1994) 
SPD Catalufta (1994) 
SPDLaRioja(1994) 
SPD Madrid (1994) 
SPD Navarra (1994) 
SPD Pais Vasco (1994) 
Total 
TOTAL 
|||||§|||||||§|^ 
Adapt ::-;:-:-•'• 
Espafia (1995) 
iJBSiiKSii^^i^il^sliilPIMiiglli^l 
Espafia (1994) 
:!*#$i^iii^^ 
Andalucfa (1995) 
Aragon (1995) 
Asturias (1995) 
Baleares (1995) 
Canarias (1995) 
Cantabria (1995) 
Castiliay Leon (1995) 
Castilla-La Mancha (1995) 
Catalufla(1995) 
Comunidad Valenciana (1995) 
Extremadura (1995) 
Galicia(1995) 
LaRioja(1995) 
Madrid (1995) 
Murcia(1995) 
Navarra (1995) 
Pais Vasco (1995) 
Total 
Pasca 
Espafia (1994) 
$MU 
Network IBEX Leon-98 food industry (1997) 
Espafia (1996) 
Total 
Rtchar •'••'•'• 
Espafia(1996) 
-mtamm^mmmm^m^^m^mm^MmimMm 
Canarias (1995) 
:Ko»«f':::: ::•::•:::::• 
Espafia(1997) 
MBwiliMtz^^ 
Espafia (1996) 
R9t*x 
Espafia (1993) 
WifftfcftffiWK^^ 
Espafia (1995) 
TOTAL 
:jfltijt^!ii(j|flfU>i(j!0i|S;x^ 
Espafia/Morocco (1996) 
France/Espafia (1996) 
EspafteuPortugal (1995) 
Espafia/Portugal (Regen natural gas) (1995) Total tot! 
408,26 
585,90 
994,2 
| 326,8 
147,3 
776,4 
374,6 
184,7 
113,1 
162,8 
82,1 
1.841,0 
71.345,1 
•;T9ta»wM; 
461,9 
671,0 
194,6 
137,4 
35,5 
11,3 
30,8 
20,1 
122,9 
110,7 
68,1 
77,6 
62,2 
119,5 
18,4 
14,1 
24,3 
21,5 
12,6 
1.081,7 
93,0 
1,0 
1.383,1 
1.384,1 
60,0 
385,5 
56,6 
464,3 
361,1 
248,7 
6.267,8 
185,3 
142,6 
755,3 
548,2 $, funds 
contrfb. 
to 
157,00 
175,77 
332,8 
• 
[ 122,5 
46,5 
306,2 
151,1 
39,7 
49,5 
57,8 
27,1 
677,9 
30.543,8 
:-:::i«ri^(^:| 
illiflif 
293,2 
450,1 
77,8 
27,5 
13,0 
3,1 
12,3 
6,4 
53,5 
46,4 
13,6 
23,6 
27,2 
43,8 
3,7 
3,6 
9,5 
5,9 
2,5 
373,5 
41,5 
0,6 
251.1 
251,7 
34,2 
216,9 
23,8 
73,6 
90,4 
162,6 
2.011,6 
101,4 
62,4 
552,0 
220,0 Commltroantt 
1997 
40,05 
32,48 
72,6 
| 22,3 
5,2 
57,8 
8,9 
2,2 
5,3 
9,7 
2,2 
91,3 
5.414,2 
;©ojir^(trw»oi6ii: 
57,4 
52,8 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
10,3 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
20,1 
0,0 
8,3 
0,0 
0,0 
7,7 
1,1 
0,0 
47,6 
3,8 
0,6 
57,6 
58,3 
0,0 
41,9 
23,8 
34,5 
43,7 
0,0 
363,7 
23,0 
10,3 
0,0 
23,0 Cowmrtm*nts 
199447 
• • & • 
91,78 
83,16 
174,9 
82,0 
23,5 
217,2 
71,3 
21,9 
24,5 
51,1 
16,3 
425,7 
20.768,7 
ti&fllWI^ 
lil|99lSiill 
tiilillll 
139,2 
167,5 
10,3 
27,5 
13,0 
3,1 
12,3 
1.1 
10,0 
4,9 
2,2 
23,6 
24,0 
11,8 
3,7 
3,6 
9,5 
5,9 
2,5 
169,1 
10,7 
0,6 
92,9 
93,5 
32,7 
117,3 
23,8 
42,1 
82,2 
56,0 
934,3 
37,1 
19,1 
240,2 
216,4 58% 
47% 
53% 
| 67% 
51% 
71% 
47% 
55% 
50% 
88% 
60% 
63% 
68% 
47% 
37% 
13% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
16% 
19% 
11% 
16% 
100% 
88% 
27% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
45% 
26% 
100% 
37% 
37% 
95% 
54% 
100% 
57% 
91% 
34% 
46% 
37% 
31% 
44% 
98% Payment* 
1997 
36,70 
31,10 
67,8 
23,2 
I 
3,0 
51,6 
13,9 
2,3 
6,2 
7,4 
3,7 
88,3 
4.889,9 
Payment* 
74,7 
51,3 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
2,7 
0,0 
2,9 
0,0 
0,0 
5,3 
0,0 
5,0 
0,0 
0,0 
2,0 
0,3 
0,0 
18,2 
1.9 
0,3 
56,7 
66,9 
9,8 
26,5 
0,0 
29,9 
18,5 
10,2 
298,0 
22,6 
7,2 
50,5 
17,8 Payments 
199447 
(*) 
80,70 
71,64 
152,3 
| 65,9 
16,5 
161,7 
59,8 
17,3 
20,1 
42,8 
13,0 
331,2 
15.863,5 
P»ymant* 
^99*47:: 
117,5 
116,0 
5,2 
8,2 
3,9 
1,2 
3,7 
0,5 
7,9 
2,5 
1,1 
7,1 
7,2 
6,8 
1,1 
1,1 
2,9 
1,8 
0,7 
62,9 
5,4 
0,3 
74,3 
74,6 
26,1 
86,4 
0,0 
33,7 
52,7 
44,3 
619,5 
29,7 
11,7 
154,4 
180,3 * 
51% 
41% 
46% 
| 54% 
35% 
53% 
40% 
43% 
41% 
74% 
48% 
49% 
52% 
ism 
40% 
26% 
7% 
30% 
30% 
40% 
30% 
8% 
15% 
- 5% 
8% 
30% 
27% 
15% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
17% 
13% 
40% 
30% 
30% 
76% 
40% 
0% 
46% 
58% 
27% 
31% 
29% 
19% 
28% 
82% PfO^ratfnma* 
(yaar of adoption) 
iOfejtctfvatN agriculture 
Forecasts Espafia R. 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD Espafia R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
Total 
0*Jft#fv*a<a>f1sh*lM 
SPD Espafia (1994) 
Ot#*tiv*S{b> 
SPD Baleares (1995) 
SPD Aragon (1994) 
SPD Catalufta (1994) 
SPDLaRioja(1994) 
SPD Madrid (1994) 
SPD Navarra (1994) 
SPD Pais Vasco (1994) 
Total 
TOTAL 
lillllllll^ 
Adapt ::-;:-:-•'• 
Espafia (1995) 
iJBSiiKSii^^i^il^sliilPIMiiglli^l 
Espafia (1994) 
:!*#$i^iii^^ 
Andalucfa (1995) 
Aragon (1995) 
Asturias (1995) 
Baleares (1995) 
Canarias (1995) 
Cantabria (1995) 
Castiliay Leon (1995) 
Castilla-La Mancha (1995) 
Catalufia(1995) 
Comunidad Valenciana (1995) 
Extremadura (1995) 
Galicia(1995) 
LaRioja(1995) 
Madrid (1995) 
Murcia(1995) 
Navarra (1995) 
Pais Vasco (1995) 
Total 
Pasca 
Espafia (1994) 
$M6& 
Network IBEX Leon-98 food industry (1997) 
Espafia (1996) 
Total 
Rtchar •'••'•'• 
Espafia (1996) 
-mtamm^mmmm^m^^m^mm^MmimMm 
Canarias (1995) 
Kowar ::::::•::•: 
Espafia (1997) 
:^iWiji£|:i::;::^ 
Espafia (1996) 
Rtt»x 
Espafia (1993) 
:Uifftfcft:i:;W&^ 
Espafia (1995) 
TOTAL 
ijntijt^ifc^flfteiijiaitxiK 
Espafia/Morocco (1996) 
France/Espafia (1996) 
Espafta/Portugal (1995) 
Espafia/Portugal (Regen natural gas) (1995) Total tost 
408,26 
585,90 
994,2 
| 326,8 
147,3 
776,4 
374,6 
184,7 
113,1 
162,8 
82,1 
1.841,0 
71.345,1 
•;Ttfa»wM; 
461,9 
671,0 
194,6 
137,4 
35,5 
11,3 
30,8 
20,1 
122,9 
110,7 
68,1 
77,6 
62,2 
119,5 
18,4 
14,1 
24,3 
21,5 
12,6 
1.081,7 
93,0 
1,0 
1.383,1 
1.384,1 
60,0 
385,5 
56,6 
464,3 
361,1 
248,7 
6.267,8 
185,3 
142,6 
755,3 
548,2 $, funds 
contrfb. 
to 
157,00 
175,77 
332,8 
• 
[ 122,5 
46,5 
306,2 
151,1 
39,7 
49,5 
57,8 
27,1 
677,9 
30.543,8 
:-:::i«ri^(^:| 
illiflif 
293,2 
450,1 
77,8 
27,5 
13,0 
3,1 
12,3 
6,4 
53,5 
46,4 
13,6 
23,6 
27,2 
43,8 
3,7 
3,6 
9,5 
5,9 
2,5 
373,5 
41,5 
0,6 
251.1 
251,7 
34,2 
216,9 
23,8 
73,6 
90,4 
162,6 
2.011,6 
101,4 
62,4 
552,0 
220,0 Commltmantt 
1997 
40,05 
32,48 
72,6 
| 22,3 
5,2 
57,8 
8,9 
2,2 
5,3 
9,7 
2,2 
91,3 
5.414,2 
;©ojir^(trw»oi6ii: 
57,4 
52,8 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
10,3 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
20,1 
0,0 
8,3 
0,0 
0,0 
7,7 
1,1 
0,0 
47,6 
3,8 
0,6 
57,6 
58,3 
0,0 
41,9 
23,8 
34,5 
43,7 
0,0 
363,7 
23,0 
10,3 
0,0 
23,0 ComrnKmaftta 
199447 
• • to , 
91,78 
83,16 
174,9 
82,0 
23,5 
217,2 
71,3 
21,9 
24,5 
51,1 
16,3 
425,7 
20.768,7 
lil|99laill 
tiilillll 
139,2 
167,5 
10,3 
27,5 
13,0 
3,1 
12,3 
1.1 
10,0 
4,9 
2,2 
23,6 
24,0 
11,8 
3,7 
3,6 
9,5 
5,9 
2,5 
169,1 
10,7 
0,6 
92,9 
93,5 
32,7 
117,3 
23,8 
42,1 
82,2 
56,0 
934,3 
37,1 
19,1 
240,2 
216,4 58% 
47% 
53% 
| 67% 
51% 
71% 
47% 
55% 
50% 
88% 
60% 
63% 
68% 
47% 
37% 
13% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
16% 
19% 
11% 
16% 
100% 
88% 
27% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
45% 
26% 
100% 
37% 
37% 
95% 
54% 
100% 
57% 
91% 
34% 
46% 
37% 
31% 
44% 
98% Payntants 
1997 
36,70 
31,10 
67,8 
23,2 
I 
3,0 
51,6 
13,9 
2,3 
6,2 
7,4 
3,7 
88,3 
4.889,9 
Payment* 
iMSi-l 
74,7 
51,3 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
2,7 
0,0 
2,9 
0,0 
0,0 
5,3 
0,0 
5,0 
0,0 
0,0 
2,0 
0,3 
0,0 
18,2 
1.9 
0,3 
56,7 
66,9 
9,8 
26,5 
0,0 
29,9 
18,5 
10,2 
298,0 
22,6 
7,2 
50,5 
17,8 Paymants 
199447 
(a) 
80,70 
71,64 
152,3 
| 65,9 
16,5 
161,7 
59,8 
17,3 
20,1 
42,8 
13,0 
331,2 
15.863,5 
Paymants 
^99447:: 
117,5 
116,0 
5,2 
8,2 
3,9 
1.2 
3,7 
0,5 
7,9 
2,5 
1,1 
7,1 
7,2 
6,8 
1,1 
1,1 
2,9 
1,8 
0,7 
62,9 
5,4 
0,3 
74,3 
74,6 
26,1 
86,4 
0,0 
33,7 
52,7 
44,3 
619,5 
29,7 
11,7 
154,4 
180,3 * 
51% 
41% 
46% 
| 54% 
35% 
53% 
40% 
43% 
41% 
74% 
48% 
49% 
52% 
ism 
40% 
26% 
7% 
30% 
30% 
40% 
30% 
8% 
15% 
- 5% 
8% 
30% 
27% 
15% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
17% 
13% 
40% 
30% 
30% 
76% 
40% 
0% 
46% 
58% 
27% 
31% 
29% 
19% 
28% 
82% 
192 
FRANCE 
Programmas 
{year of adoption) Total cast S. Funds 
sonbib, 
m Commitments 
1997 : Commitments 
1994*7 
m Payments 
1997 Payments 
1994*7 
m 
Objective 1 
SPD Avesnes-Douai-Valendennes (1994) 
SPD Corse (1994) 
SPD Guadeloupe (1994) 
SPD Guyane (1994) 
SPD Martinique (1994) 
SPD Réunion (1994) 
Technical assistance 
Total 
Objective 2 1.269,9 
697,8 
832,3 
309,5 
660,4 
1.281,9 
0,6 
6.052,4 449,0 
253,4 
351,9 
164,9 
329,8 
673,2 
0,3 
2.222,7 9,1 
27,2 
78,4 
21,3 
37,1 
0,0 
0,2 
173,3 192,4 
105,2 
191,5 
72,3 
135,4 
270,6 
0,4 
967,9 43% 
42% 
54% 
44% 
41% 
40% 
103% 
44% 62,0 
. 27,9 
82,4 
24,4 
34,7 
51,8 
0,1 
283,4 167,2 
88,3 
160,8 
61,9 
95,3 
247,7 
0,2 
821,3 37% 
35% 
46% 
38% 
29% 
37% 
54% 
37% 
Regional SPDs 
SPD Alsace 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Aquitaine 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Auvergne 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Basse-Normande 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Bourgogne 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Bretagne 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Centre 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Champagne-Ardenne 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Franche-Comté 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Haute-Normandie 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Languedoc-Roussillon 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Lorraine 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Midi-Pyrénées 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Nord-Pas-de-Calais 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Pays-de-la-Ldre 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Picardie 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Pdtou-Charentes 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Rhône-Alpes 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Alsace 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Aquitaine 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Auvergne 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Basse-Normandie 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Bourgogne 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Bretagne 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Centre 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Champagne-Ardenne 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Franche-Comté 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Haute-Normandie 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Languedoc-Roussillon 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Lorraine 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Midi-Pyrénées 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Nord-Pas-de-Calais 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Pays-de-la-Ldre 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Picardie 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Pdtou-Charentes 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Rhône-Alpes 1994-96 (1994) 98,4 
498,0 
231,2 
234,9 
204,8 
317,4 
126,1 
297,5 
123,6 
503,6 
342,0 
381,1 
175,3 
1.172,7 
395,8 
480,8 
187,6 
428,4 
429,2 
47,3 
372,4 
109,5 
155,9 
122,4 
228,9 
128,4 
245,1 
117,4 
428,9 
231,9 
214,2 
152,5 
925,0 
364,5 
479,2 
130,5 
264,7 
220,7 21,9 
132,5 
82,3 
80,3 
69,7 
118,3 
38,0 
113,8 
56,2 
164,2 
98,9 
173,6 
53,0 
375,4 
162,5 
139,6 
62,9 
154,4 
148,9 
19,9 
100,2 
52,9 
49,3 
36,5 
82,9 
16,3 
55,7 
48,5 
149,0 
56,1 
98,1 
41,4 
303,0 
130,2 
122,4 
54,1 
99,4 
65,8 21,9 
41,3 
26,2 
26,8 
18,8 
38,0 
38,0 
36,4 
18,0 
51,2 
34,1 
45,9 
15,3 
114,8 
49,6 
44,7 
20,1 
48,2 
54,8 
0,0 
-0.9 
1,3 
3,5 
-1.0 
0,0 
-1,6 
5,3 
.0,0 
12,2 
-0,8 
-5,8 
0.0 
0,1 
-0,2 
0,0 
0,0 
4,8 
-1,6 21,9 
41,3 
26,2 
26,8 
18,8 
38,0 
38,0 
36,4 
18,0 
51,2 
34,1 
45,9 
15,3 
114,8 
49,6 
44,7 
20,1 
48,2 
54,8 
19,9 
99,3 
52,9 
49,3 
36,5 
82,9 
16,3 
55,7 
48,5 
149,0 
55,3 
95,5 
41,4 
303,0 
128,1 
122,4 
54,1 
99,4 
65,8 100% 
31% 
32% 
33% 
27% 
32% 
100% 
32% 
32% 
31% 
35% 
26% 
29% 
31% 
30% 
32% 
32% 
31% 
37% 
100% 
99% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
99% 
97% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 11.0 
20,6 
13,1 
13,4 
9,4 
19,0 
19,0 
18,2 
9,0 
25,6 
17,1 
23,0 
7,7 
57,4 
24,8 
22,3 
10,1 
24,1 
27,4 
0,0 
1.1 
17,8 
13,3 
7,4 
21,5 
0,0 
8,5 
0,8 
.23,9 
13,0 
21,6 
7,0 
147,1 
45,7 
40,3 
16,6 
53,1 
38,5 11,0 
20,6 
13,1 
13,4 
9,4 
19,0 
19,0 
18,2 
9,0 
25,6 
17,1 
23,0 
7,7 
57,4 
24,8 
22,3 
10,1 
24,1 
27,4 
15,9 
84,4 
46,8 
41,3 
31,3 
68,0 
13,2 
45,0 
34,4 
129,9 
47,0 
84,7 
27,2 
249,8 
108,7 
102,8 
47,0 
81,0 
54,3 50% 
16% 
16% 
17% 
14% 
16% 
50% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
17% 
13% 
14% 
15% 
15% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
18% 
80% 
84% 
88% 
64% 
86% 
82% 
81% 
81% 
71% 
87% 
84% 
86% 
66% 
82% 
84% 
84% 
87% 
81% 
83% 
Multiregional SPDs 
SPD Technical assistancel 997-99 (1997) 
Total 
Ofajvctfyv? 
SPD France (1994) 
:Obfc«hr*< 
SPD France (1994) 
Objectiva 5(a) agriculture 
Forecasts France R 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD France R 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
Total 
Cfegaciry* ^fisheries 
SPD France (1994) 
Oto}etyre6(b) 
SPD Alsace (1994) 
SPD Aquitaine (1994) 
SPD Auvergne (1994) 
SPD Basse-Normandie (1994) 
SPD Bourgogne (1994) 
SPD Bretagne (1994) 
SPD Centre (1994) 
SPD Champagne-Ardenne (1994) 
SPD Franche-Comté (1994) 
SPD Haute-Normandie (1994) 2,0 
11.569,3 
7 753,93 
1 820,1 
4 675,5 
1.404,5 
6.080,1 
842,99 
170,5 
782,6 
730,4 
433,4 
409,3 
518,2 
260,3 
102,3 
439,8 
32,9 1,0 
3.828,9 
2613,61 
653.4 
1 521,6 
258,9 
1.780,5 
189,90 
48,8 
229,9 
166,0 
133,3 
112,7 
188,9 
84,1 
29,3 
78,1 
11,2 1,0 
760,2 
221,02 
98,0 
339,5 
45,5 
385,0 
31,61 
4,2 
68,8 
38,0 
22,6 
0,0 
45,2 
14,5 
5,3 
9,8 
1.2 1,0 
2.320,3 
1.421,01 
285,1 
997,0 
126,5 
1.123,6 
94,88 
22,4 
152,9 
100,6 
66,0 
49,4 
104,3 
36,6 
11,9 
41,0 
3,5 100% 
61% 
54,37% 
44% 
66% 
49% 
63% 
50% 
46% 
67% 
61% 
50% 
44% 
55% 
44% 
41% 
52% 
31% 0,5 
849,8 
274,77 
83,1 
319,7 
48.5 
368,1 
25,29 
-
3,1 
47.0 
33,5 
19,2 
4,3 
41,3 
10,5 
4,6 
11,9 
2,0 0,5 
1.685,3 
1 181,33 
180,5 
722,5 
94,6 
817,1 
66,42 
13,7 
98,6 
82,0 
51,2 
35,1 
89,3 
22,2 
10,3 
28.3 
2,8 50% 
44% 
45,20% 
28% 
47% 
37% 
46% 
35% 
28% 
43% 
49% 
38% 
31% 
47% 
26% 
35% 
36% 
25% 
193 
Prasrammtt* 
(year of adoption) 
SPD Languedoc-Roussillon (1994) 
SPD Limousin (1994) 
SPD Lorraine (1994) 
SPD Midi-Pyrenees (1994) 
SPD Pays de la Loire (1994) 
SPD Poitou-Charentes (1994) 
SPD Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur (1994) 
SPD Rhone-Alpes (1994) 
SPD Technical assistance (1997) 
SPO Massif Central (1995) 
SPD MassH des Pyrenees (1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 
ililllliiliil^ 
i*fl*jita 
France (1995) 
•PJfiij^iiiiSiji^ 
France (1994) 
Laafet 
Technical assistance national network (1997) 
Alsace (1996) 
Centre (1996) 
Champagne-Ardenne (1996) 
Douai, Valenciennes (1996) 
Haute-Normandie (1996) 
Lorraine (1996) 
Midi-Pyrenees (1996) 
Pays-de-la-Loire (1996) 
Rhone- Aipes (1996) 
Aqurtaine(1995) 
Auvergne (1995) 
Basse-Normandie (1995) 
Bourgogne (1995) 
Bretagne (1995) 
Corse (1995) 
Franche-Comte (1995) 
Languedoc-Roussillon (1995) 
Limousin (1995) 
Poitou-Charentes (1995) 
Provence-Alpes-Cdte d'Azur (1995) 
Total 
Pasca '••.:•:.;• 
France (1995) 
SMEs :::::;. 
Corse (1995) 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais/Hainaut (1995) 
Zones obj 2 and 5(b) (1995) 
Total 
Rachat 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais (1996) 
Bourgogne (1995) 
Languedoc-Roussillon (1995) 
Lorraine (1995) 
Midi-Pyrenees (1995) 
Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur (1995) 
Rhone-Alpes (1995) 
Total 
iRigfe':-:;:-,::. 
Guadeloupe (1996) 
Quyane(1996) 
Martinique (1996) 
Reunion (1995) 
Total 
JKjairlij^^ 
Alsace (1995) 
Aquitaine(1995). 
Auvergne (1995) 
Basse-Normandie (1995) 
Bretagne (1995) 
Centre (1995) 
Champagne-Ardenne (1995) 
lle-de-France (1995) Total to*! 
344,3 
569,6 
320,9 
857,2 
342,8 
450,8 
290,8 
851,8 
2,0 
27,4 
17,8 
7.955,0 
41.073,8 
||ii$$i|$!|i 
680,9 
382.1 
0,7 
9.9 
17,7 
8,5 
4,5 
2,8 
19,3 
65,6 
22.6 
33.5 
46,3 
36,6 
28,1 
24,8 
34,5 
7,2 
14,0 
40,9 
50,1 
62.4 
29,8 
669,8 
81,3 
8,6 
25,1 
98.3 
132,1 
39,3 
3,1 
2,7 
25,1 
4,4 
2,0 
2,0 
78,7 
123.9 
47,3 
123.8 
204,0 
498,9 
20.0 
69,9 
3.8 
6.8 
12.6 
28,9 
6,7 
28,8 Svfonids 
contrfb. 
to 
119,9 
129,7 
96,8 
283,1 
123,7 
130,1 
95,7 
172,1 
1,0 
12,7 
8,6 
2.256,7 
13.544,6 
:;i;«if^fc;f 
278,4 
191,2 
0,4 
4,4 
7,7 
2,7 
2,0 
1.3 
9,0 
25,5 
11,2 
15.9 
20,9 
15,5 
12,3 
10,3 
17,1 
3,0 
7,0 
17,4 
18,2 
11,9 
14,9 
228,5 
28,3 
3,0 
6,3 
49,2 
68,6 
16,9 
1,5 
1,0 
10,9 
1.1 
1.0 
1.0 
33,5 
61,3 
28,4 
60,8 
115,6 
266,1 
4,3 
14,3 
1,5 
3,4 
6,2 
5,2 
3,0 
8,1 Commrtmantt 
1997 
36,8 
28,8 
22.4 
51,0 
37,8 
22,1 
24,0 
26,2 
1,0 
1.4 
0,0 
461,1 
2.130,2 
^mmrtmarrt* 
25,8 
21,1 
0,4 
1,1 
1,1 
0,5 
1.3 
0,5 
1.5 
3.0 
1,5 
2,2 
3,6 
2,7 
2,1 
1,8 
2,6 
0,0 
1.2 
2,7 
3,0 
1,7 
2,8 
37,4 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
6,7 
7,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
11.5 
0,0 
3,5 
8,7 
23,7 
0,0 
1.1 
0,0 
0,0 
1.1 
1,0 
0,5 
2,3 Commftittants 
199447 
to 
64,0 
82,7 
53,6 
123,7 
68,0 
64,6 
47,2 
72,0 
1,0 
3,8 
1,1 
1.170,2 
7.382,9 
72,7 
70,7 
0,4 
4,4 
7,5 
2,7 
2,0 
1,3 
9,0 
25,0 
10,8 
15,3 
20,9 
15,5 
12,3 
10,3 
16,7 
3,0 
7,0 
17,1 
18,0 
11,5 
14,9 
225,7 
28,3 
3,0 
6,3 
13,6 
22,9 
16,9 
1,5 
1,0 
10,9 
1.1 
1.0 
1.0 
33,6 
19,6 
28,4 
11,8 
24,9 
84,6 
4.3 
14,3 
1,5 
2.0 
6,2 
5,2 
3,0 
7,8 % 
53% 
64% 
55% 
44% 
55% 
50% 
49% 
42% 
100% 
30% 
13% 
52% 
65% 
26% 
37% 
100% 
99% 
97% 
98% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
96% 
97% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
99% 
97% 
100% 
99% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
28% 
39% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
32% 
100% 
19% 
22% 
32% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
60% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
96% Paymant* 
1997 
25,8 
18,5 
22.6 
33,6 
32.1 
21,4 
17,2 
11,7 
0,3 
1,4 
0,0 
362,1 
2.246,6 
tlBII 
18.1 
29.9 
0,1 
0,4 
0,3 
0.1 
0,4 
0,2 
0,2 
0,9 
0,3 
0.7 
7,0 
0,9 
0,6 
0,5 
0,8 
0,0 
0,4 
1.7 
2,8 
0,5 
0,8 
19,8 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
4,9 
6,1 
0,0 
0,5 
0.1 
0,0 
0.0 
0,0 
o.o 
0,6 
•8,1 
0,0 
0,5 
6,8 
15,4 
0.0 
4,4 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
0,0 
1,4 Paymants 
199447 
(3) 
47,8 
64,6 
43.8 
91,4 
56,0 
52,1 
35.4 
41,9 
0,3 
2,8 
0,5 
870,2 
5.622,2 
:P*yi*MHrtr 
ft|||§ii 
llfflftf 
41,6 
56,6 
0,1 
2,1 
2.3 
0,8 
0,6 
0,4 
3,4 
7,5 
4,9 
4,6 
12,2 
4,9 
3.9 
3,4 
5,0 
1,0 
2,1 
6,1 
7,5 
3,8 
4,5 
80,9 
8,5 
0,9 
1,9 
7.1 
9,9 
8,4 
1.2 
0.5 
5.5 
0,6 
0,5 
0,5 
17,2 
12,1 
8.5 
4,7 
14,9 
40,2 
2,1 
10,9 
0,6 
1,0 
2.6 
2,1 
1,2 
4,2 * 
40% 
50% 
45% 
32% 
45% 
40% 
37% 
24% 
30% 
22% 
6% 
39% 
42% 
11111 
15% 
30% 
40% 
47% 
29% 
29% 
30% 
30% 
38% 
29% 
44% 
29% 
58% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
29% 
32% 
30% 
35% 
41% 
32% 
30% 
35% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
14% 
17% 
50% 
80% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
51% 
20% 
30% 
8% 
13% 
16% 
50% 
77% 
50% 
30% 
42% 
40% 
41% 
52% 
194 P*eflra*nm#» 
(year of adoption) 
SPD Languedoc-Roussillon (1994) 
SPD Limousin (1994) 
SPD Lorraine (1994) 
SPD Midi-Pyrenees (1994) 
SPD Pays de la Loire (1994) 
SPD Poitou-Charentes (1994) 
SPD Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur (1994) 
SPD Rhone-Alpes (1994) 
SPD Technical assistance (1997) 
SPO Massif Central (1995) 
SPD MassH des Pyrenees (1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 
ililllliiliil^ 
i*fl*jita 
France (1995) 
•Bflj^Mjii^lli'^^ 
France (1994) 
Laafet 
Technical assistance national network (1997) 
Alsace (1996) 
Centre (1996) 
Champagne-Ardenne (1996) 
Douai, Valenciennes (1996) 
Haute-Normandie (1996) 
Lorraine (1996) 
Midi-Pyrenees (1996) 
Pays-de-la-Loire (1996) 
Rhone- Aipes (1996) 
Aqurtaine(1995) 
Auvergne (1995) 
Basse-Normandie (1995) 
Bourgogne (1995) 
Bretagne (1995) 
Corse (1995) 
Franche-Comte (1995) 
Languedoc-Roussillon (1995) 
Limousin (1995) 
Poitou-Charentes (1995) 
Provence-Alpes-Cdte d'Azur (1995) 
Total 
Pasca '••.:•:.;• 
France (1995) 
SMEs :::::;. 
Corse (1995) 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais/Hainaut (1995) 
Zones obj 2 and 5(b) (1995) 
Total 
Rachat 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais (1996) 
Bourgogne (1995) 
Languedoc-Roussillon (1995) 
Lorraine (1995) 
Midi-Pyrenees (1995) 
Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur (1995) 
Rhone-Alpes (1995) 
Total 
Jtagfc: :•::::.;:. 
Guadeloupe (1996) 
Guyane(1996) 
Martinique (1996) 
Reunion (1995) 
Total 
iKjairliii^ 
Alsace (1995) 
Aquitaine(1995). 
Auvergne (1995) 
Basse-Normandie (1995) 
Bretagne (1995) 
Centre (1995) 
Champagne-Ardenne (1995) 
lle-de-France (1995) Total***! 
344,3 
569,6 
320,9 
857,2 
342,8 
450,8 
290,8 
851,8 
2,0 
27,4 
17,8 
7.965,0 
41.073,8 
||ii$$i|$!|i 
680,9 
382.1 
0,7 
9.9 
17,7 
8,5 
4,5 
2,8 
19,3 
65,6 
22,6 
33.5 
46,3 
36,6 
28,1 
24,8 
34,5 
7,2 
14,0 
40,9 
50,1 
62,4 
29,8 
669,8 
81,3 
8,6 
25,1 
98.3 
132,1 
39,3 
3,1 
2,7 
25,1 
4,4 
2,0 
2,0 
78,7 
123,9 
47,3 
123.8 
204,0 
498,9 
20.0 
69,9 
3.8 
6.8 
12.6 
28,9 
6,7 
28,8 Svfonids 
contrfb. 
to 
119,9 
129,7 
96,8 
283,1 
123,7 
130,1 
95,7 
172,1 
1,0 
12,7 
8,6 
2.256,7 
13.544,6 
278,4 
191,2 
0,4 
4,4 
7,7 
2,7 
2,0 
1,3 
9,0 
25,5 
11,2 
15.9 
20,9 
15,5 
12,3 
10,3 
17,1 
3,0 
7,0 
17,4 
18,2 
11,9 
14,9 
228,5 
28,3 
3,0 
6,3 
49,2 
68,6 
16,9 
1,5 
1,0 
10,9 
1.1 
1.0 
1.0 
33,5 
61,3 
28,4 
60,8 
115,6 
266,1 
4,3 
14,3 
1,5 
3,4 
6,2 
5,2 
3,0 
8,1 Conwirtmantt 
1997 
36,8 
28,8 
22,4 
51,0 
37,8 
22,1 
24,0 
26,2 
1,0 
1.4 
0,0 
461,1 
2.130,2 
^mfflrtmarrt* 
'llllllllll 
25,8 
21,1 
0,4 
1,1 
1,1 
0,5 
1.3 
0,5 
1.5 
3.0 
1,5 
2,2 
3,6 
2,7 
2,1 
1,8 
2,6 
0,0 
1.2 
2,7 
3,0 
1,7 
2,8 
37,4 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
6,7 
7,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
11.5 
0,0 
3,5 
8,7 
23,7 
0,0 
1.1 
0,0 
0,0 
1.1 
1,0 
0,5 
2,3 CoimmftnMAts 
199447 
to 
64,0 
82,7 
53,6 
123,7 
68,0 
64,6 
47,2 
72,0 
1,0 
3,8 
1,1 
1.170,2 
7.382,9 
72,7 
70,7 
0,4 
4,4 
7,5 
2,7 
2,0 
1,3 
9,0 
25,0 
10,8 
15,3 
20,9 
15,5 
12,3 
10,3 
16,7 
3,0 
7,0 
17,1 
18,0 
11,5 
14,9 
225,7 
28,3 
3,0 
6,3 
13,6 
22,9 
16,9 
1,5 
1.0 
10,9 
1.1 
1.0 
1.0 
33,6 
19,6 
28,4 
11,8 
24,9 
84,6 
4,3 
14,3 
1,5 
2.0 
6,2 
5,2 
3,0 
7,8 % 
53% 
64% 
55% 
44% 
55% 
50% 
49% 
42% 
100% 
30% 
13% 
62% 
65% 
26% 
37% 
100% 
99% 
97% 
98% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
96% 
97% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
99% 
97% 
100% 
99% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
28% 
39% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
32% 
100% 
19% 
22% 
32% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
60% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
96% Paymant* 
1997 
25,8 
18,5 
22.6 
33,6 
32.1 
21,4 
17,2 
11,7 
0,3 
1,4 
0,0 
362,1 
2.246,6 
tlBII 
18.1 
29.9 
0,1 
0,4 
0,3 
0.1 
0,4 
0,2 
0,2 
0,9 
0,3 
0.7 
7,0 
0,9 
0,6 
0,5 
0,8 
0,0 
0,4 
1.7 
2,8 
0,5 
0,8 
19,8 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
4,9 
6,1 
0,0 
0,5 
0.1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
o.o 
0,6 
•8,1 
0,0 
0,5 
6,8 
15,4 
0.0 
4,4 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
1,4 Paymants 
199447 
(3) 
47.8 
64,6 
43.8 
91,4 
56,0 
52,1 
35,4 
41,9 
0,3 
2,8 
0,5 
870,2 
5.622,2 
:P*yi*ttHrt* 
ft|||§ii 
llfflftf 
41,6 
56,6 
0,1 
2,1 
2.3 
0,8 
0,6 
0,4 
3,4 
7,5 
4,9 
4,6 
12,2 
4,9 
3.9 
3,4 
5,0 
1.0 
2,1 
6,1 
7,5 
3,8 
4,5 
80,9 
8,5 
0,9 
1,9 
7.1 
9,9 
8,4 
1.2 
0,5 
5.5 
0,6 
0,5 
0,5 
17,2 
12,1 
8.5 
4,7 
14,9 
40,2 
2,1 
10,9 
0,6 
1,0 
2.6 
2,1 
1,2 
4,2 * 
40% 
50% 
45% 
32% 
45% 
40% 
37% 
24% 
30% 
22% 
6% 
39% 
42% 
11111 
15% 
30% 
40% 
47% 
29% 
29% 
30% 
30% 
38% 
29% 
44% 
29% 
58% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
29% 
32% 
30% 
35% 
41% 
32% 
30% 
35% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
14% 
17% 
50% 
80% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
51% 
20% 
30% 
8% 
13% 
16% 
50% 
77% 
50% 
30% 
42% 
40% 
41% 
52% 
194 
initiative 
.. (year «f adoption) 
Languedoc-Roussillon (1995) 
Limousin (1995) 
Lorraine (1995) 
Midi-Pyrénées (1995) 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais (1995) 
Picardie (1995) 
Poitou-Charentes (1995) 
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (1995) 
Rhône-Alpes (1995) 
Total Te_a 00» 
10,1 
28,1 
8,6 
16,1 
2,2 
21,7 
3,1 
16,9 
7,2 
291,5 5. Fund* 
contrib. 
to 
3,1 
4,8 
3,9 
5,1 
1,1 
10,0 
1,5 
8,5 
2,2 
86,2 Canwftmarit* 
1997 
0,0 
0,8 
2.8 
1,0 
0,0 
0,6 
0,0 
2,6 
0,0 
13,8 : Commitments 
1994*7 
3,1 
4,8 
3,9 
5,1 
1.1 
10,0 
1,5 
8,5 
2,2 
84,5 % 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
98% Payments 
1997 
0,C 
o,c 
0,8 
0,C 
o,c 
o,c 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
6,6 Payment* 
1994*7 
1.6 
2,C 
1.2 
2,C 
0,6 
4,7 
0,8 
2,9 
1.1 
41,8 50% 
42% 
30% 
40% 
50% 
47% 
50% 
35% 
50% 
48% 
IBiiii!^^ 
Basse-Normandie (1996) 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais ( 1996 ) 
Bourgogne (1995) 
Lorraine (1995) 
Picardie (1995) 
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (1995) 
Rhône-Alpes(1995) 
Total 21,7 
45,7 
3,7 
73,5 
7,2 
15,3 
6,1 
173,2 5,1 
14,4 
1.8 
31.1 
2.5 
5.2 
2,2 
62,3 0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 5,1 
14,4 
1,8 
31,1 
2,5 
5,2 
2,2 
62,3 100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 2,6 
7,2 
0,9 
15,6 
1.2 
1,6 
0,7 
29,7 50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
49% 
30% 
34% 
48% 
fUrtÉ* _ 
France (1993) | 126,2 39,5| 30,3 37,3| 94%| 1,3| 4,7| 12% 
Urbaii • 
Bourgogne (Châions-sur-Saône) (1997) 
Corse (Bastia) (1997) 
Ile-de-France (Clichy-Montl ermeil) (1997) 
Ile-de-France (Mantes-la-Jdie) (1997) 
Rhône-Alpes (Saint-Etienne) (1997) 
Alsace (Mulhouse) (1996) 
Ile-de-France (Aulnay-sous-Bois) (1996) 
Ile-de-France (Les Mureaux) (1996) 
Marseille (1996) 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais (Roubaix-Tourcoing) (1996) 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais (Valendennes) (1996) 
Picardie (Amiens) (1996) 
Rhône-Alpes (Lyon-Est) (1996) 
Total 
TOTAL 14,0 
6,5 
18,5 
16,4 
15,1 
20,9 
22,8 
17,0 
14,7 
17,6 
9,7 
20,5 
26,6 
220,4 
3.225,2 5,3 
3,5 
5,3 
5.3 
5.3 
7,0 
8,9 
7,0 
7,0 
7,0 
4,9 
7,0 
7,0 
80,5 
1.353,1 5,3 
3,0 
5,3 
4,3 
3,9 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
1,6 
0,4 
0,0 
0.0 
23,8 
183,4 5,3 
3,0 
5,3 
4,3 
3,9 
7,0 
8,9 
7,0 
7,0 
7,0 
4,9 
7,0 
7,0 
77,6 
800,2 100% 
86% 
100% 
80% 
74% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
96% 
69% 2,7 
1,5 
2,7 
2,1 
2,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,5 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
11,5 
108,7 2,7 
1,5 
2,7 
2,1 
2,0 
2,1 
2,7 
2,1 
2,1 
2,1 
£4 
2,1 
2,2 
28,7 
359,8 50% 
43% 
50% 
40% 
37% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
48% 
30% 
32% 
36% 
27% 
$r$ïlrijtà^^ 
Belgique/Belgiô/Deutschland/France/Luxembourg/ 
Nederland. Rhine-Meuse (1997) 
Belgique/France/Luxemburg: Wallonie-Lorraine-
Luxembourg (1996) 
Belgique/France. Ardennes (1996) 
France/Belgique/België: Nord-Pas-de Calais/ Vlaanderen 
(1996) 
France/Belgique/België: Wallonie/Nord-Pas-de-Calais/ 
Picardie (1996) 
France/Espafia (1996) 
France/Italia: Corse/Sardegna (1996) 
France/Italia: Corse/Toscana (1996) 
France/United Kingdom: Haute-Normandie, Picardie and 
East Sussex (1996) 
France/United Kingdom: Nord-Pas-de-Calais/Kent (1996) 
Italia/France (1996) 
(1995) 
Deutschland/France: Rheinland-Pfalz/Saartand/ Lorraine 
(1995) 
France/Deutschland: PAMINA (1995) 
France/Suisse: Franche-Comté (1995) 
France/Suisse: Rhône-Alpes (1995) 426,7 
62,2 
27,8 
38,3 
148,4 
142,6 
71,8 
58,2 
80,8 
95,3 
159,1 
51,4 
46,5 
22,1 
14,2 
11,6 137,1 
30.2 
12,5 
18,0 
71,5 
62,4 
33,7 
18,6 
34,1 
45,1 
57,0 
25,2 
23,3 
11,1 
7,1 
5,4 15,5 
0,0 
0,0 
1,1 
0,0 
10,3 
0,6 
0,0 
0,0 
0,6 
0,0 
-0,5 
0,0 
1.0 
0,0 
0,0 15,5 
26,2 
12,5 
18,0 
10,0 
19,1 
33,1 
18,2 
34,1 
7,6 
15,1 
22,9 
23,3 
11,1 
7,1 
4,3 11% 
87% 
100% 
100% 
14% 
31% 
98% 
98% 
100% 
17% 
26% 
91% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
80% 0,0 
1,4 
0,0 
0,5 
1,5 
7,2 
0,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,3 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
0,3 
0,0 
0,0 0,0 
13,5 
3,7 
9,0 
6,5 
11,7 
10,1 
5,5 
10,2 
3,8 
7,5 
7,4 
7,2 
3,3 
2,2 
1,3 0% 
45% 
30% 
50% 
9% 
19% 
30% 
29% 
30% 
8% 
13% 
29% 
31% 
30% 
31% 
24% 
IRELAND 
Programmas 
{ya*XDfadop1$on} TotSiCOSt S. Funds 
tantrlb* 
tl) Commitments 
1997 Commitments 
1994*7 
WW Payments; 
1987 i Payments 
1994*7 
CD WW, 
Objectivai 
OP Technical assistance (1996) 
MP Tallaght hospital (1995) 
OP Agriculture, rural dev. (1994) 
OP Local development (1994) 
OP Industry (1994) 
OP Economie infrastrudure (1994) 
OPFisheries(1994) 
OP Human resources (1994) 12,6 
131,3 
1.816,6 
442,2 
1.872,6 
346,9 
170,3 
4 670,1 9.5 
39,4 
933,1 
262.6 
1 043,3 
109,7 
79,1 
1.789,1 0,0 
0,0 
277,8 
15,1 
30,8 
21,6 
23,3 
265,1 9,5 
39,4 
784,6 
141,1 
599,2 
48,9 
53,1 
1 120,2 100% 
100% 
84% 
54% 
57% 
45% 
67% 
63% 0,0 
0,0 
120,5 
52,4 
157,4 
19,0 
23,7 
297,4 2,8 
31,5 
612,3 
126,5 
520,6 
41,2 
47,6 
1.057,8 30% 
80% 
66% 
48% 
50% 
38% 
60% 
59% 
195 
Programmes 
(yearofadoption} 
OP Environmental services (1994) 
OP Tourism (1994) 
OP Transport (1994) 
Technical assistance 
TOTAL 
M^&!im^^^^0M^^^^M^^M&mM 
Ireland (1995) 
Empfoymant 
Ireland (1994) 
llSiS!^ 
Technical assistance national network (1997) 
Ireland (1995) 
Total 
IP*K» . 
Ireland (1994) 
SMEs 
Ireland (1995) 
;**<** 
Ireland (1993) 
Urban 
Ireland (1996) 
TOTAL 
Peata 
Ireland/Northern Ireland (1995) 
lotafrtgJRagao 
Ireland/United Kingdom Northern Ireland (1995) 
Ireland/United Kingdom: Wales (1995) Total tost 
125,6 
848,4 
1.426,6 
0,5 
11.863,7 
Total foat 
37,3 
117,1 
1.5 
166,7 
168,2 
14,4 
66,1 
22,9 
27,7 
463,6 
412,4 
265,7 
146,9 5. funds 
\ contrfb...-
to ! 
78,0 
463,4 
900,8 
0.5 
6.708,4 
lilplli 
27,8 
88,6 
1.1 
68.4 
69,5 
7.8 
28,8 
11.5 
20,8 
264,8 
301,7 
160,2 
84,6 Conwrtltmants 
1997 
0,0 
87,5 
0,0 
0,3 
721,6 
;|§||ij|W!!t||:; 
iiiiliiitii! 
6,9 
12,4 
1,1 
0,0 
1.1 
0,0 
0,0 
3.7 
10,4 
34,6 
53,3 
35,9 
13,6 Commitments 
199447 
m 
34,0 
256,4 
496,3 
0,5 
3.683,1 
Comrortmafrts 
lllllllllll 
14,3 
41,8 
1.1 
7,5 
8,6 
7,2 
28.8 
11.8 
12,2 
124,7 
176,3 
64,0 
25,4 % 
„.(*»*1) 
44% 
55% 
55% 
100% 
63% 
51% 
47% 
100% 
11% 
12% 
91% 
100% 
103% 
59% 
49% 
58% 
40% 
30% Paymants 
1997 
1,2 
74,1 
146,6 
0,1 
892,4 
Paymants 
6,6 
16,9 
0,3 
0,0 
0,3 
2,3 
13,2 
4.1 
3.1 
46,6 
81,2 
0,5 
14,2 Paymants 
199447 
m 
32,0 
224,0 
466,3 
0,1 
3.162,8 
Paymants 
:::199447-: 
liifft 
12,6 
33,9 
0,3 
3,8 
4,1 
3,6 
21,9 
8,2 
4,0 
88,1 
136,6 
14,6 
20,1 mn 
41% 
48% 
52% 
21% 
55% 
45% 
38% 
30% 
• 5% 
6% 
46% 
76% 
71% 
19% 
36% 
45% 
9% 
24% 
ITALIA 
Programme* 
(year of adoption) 
ojWactfral 
Regional OPs 
OPPianura(3)(1997) 
GG Crisis area Brindisi (3) (1997) 
GGCrotone(3)(1996) 
GG Manfredonia (3) (1996) 
OPAbruzzo(1995) 
OPAbruzzo(1)(1995) 
OP Calabria (1)(1995) 
OP Campania (1995) 
MP Port of Gioia Tauro (3) (1995) 
OPPuglia(1995) 
OP Sicilia (1995) 
OPBasilicata(1994) 
OP Calabria (1994) 
OPMolise(1994) 
OPSardegna(1994) 
Multireglonal OPs 
OP Environment (3) (1997) 
OP Airport infrastructure (3) (1997) 
OP Park Projects (2) (1997) 
GG Literature parks (3) (1997) 
OP Civil protection (3) (1997) 
OP Support for fruit and vegetable producer 
organisations (1) (1997) 
OP "MEGA II* (1996) 
OPEnergie(3)(1996) 
OP Road infrastructure (3) (1996) 
OP Industry and services (1995) 
OP Water resources (1995) 
OP Tourism (1995) 
OP Popular farming?? (1) (1995) 
OP "Emergency" Employment (1994) 
OP Technical assistance (2) (1994) 
OP Training of trainers (1994) 
OP Training of migrants (1994) 
OP Ministry of Education (1994) 
OPFisharies(1994) 
OP Research - development (1994) Total coct 
55,3 
73,2 
90,9 
60.6 
365,7 
187.6 
502,0 
2.964,9 
120,0 
2.409,6 
2 560,1 
1.125,0 
1.313,9 
523,5 
1 808,6 
107,1 
10.0 
69,9 
29,3 
120,3 
8,2 
120,0 
485,0 
498,0 
5359,1 
2.008,3 
274,9 
231,4 
474,3 
101,3 
245,3 
32,0 
471,0 
477,8 
1.258,2 $ funds 
fl) ; 
25,0 
25,0 
35,0 
25.0 
165,5 
93,9 
241,0 
1.376,7 
40,0 
1 148,4 
1 337,2 
583,2 
580,3 
292,0 
967,1 
48,0 
5,0 
52,4 
18,0 
60,0 
4.1 
72,0 
170,0 
249,0 
2.592,7 
871,0 
130,0 
162,0 
355,7 
76.0 
184.0 
24,0 
300.0 
238,9 
784,0 £ommKmetttr» 
25,0 
25,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
-1,4 
31,1 
278,4 
0,0 
348,4 
395,1 
188,7 
166,8 
93,9 
192,6 
5,7 
5,0 
26,2 
18,0 
20,0 
0,0 
18,0 
0,0 
0,0 
509,4 
197,8 
0,0 
13,0 
144,7 
30,9 
74,9 
4,8 
85,2 
31,4 
269,1 ComfftttiUAirtfe 
*$944? 
25,0 
25,0 
35,0 
25,0 
165,5 
92,5 
107,3 
455,6 
40,0 
552,1 
715,3 
352,1 
290,8 
153,6 
461,7 
5,7 
5,0 
26,2 
18,0 
20,0 
0,0 
21,7 
45,3 
28,8 
2.513,3 
453,2 
22,2 
78,9 
177,4 
37,9 
91,8 
11,0 
173,7 
98,0 
335,0 % 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
45% 
33% 
100% 
48% 
53% 
60% 
50% 
53% 
48% 
12% 
100% 
50% 
100% 
33% 
0% 
30% 
27% 
12% 
97% 
52% 
17% 
49% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
46% 
58% 
41% 
43% Payment* 
1997 j 
0,0 
0,0 
10,5 
0,0 
43,5 
27,1 
33,3 
59,5 
12,0 
194,0 
243,6 
141,9 
23,0 
57,8 
149,2 
2.9 
2,5 
13,1 
0,0 
10,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
7.8 
76,6 
0,0 
25,1 
55.4 
5,5 
0.0 
2.4 
90.2 
21.8 
129.2 Payment* 
199447 
m 
0.0 
0,0 
10,5 
12,5 
117,6 
74,4 
75,1 
149,3 
32,0 
286,9 
450,3 
236,3 
103,2 
96,9 
286,0 
2,9 
2,5 
13,1 
0,0 
10,0 
0,0 
1,8 
22,7 
14,4 
1.707.4 
204,2 
11,1 
68,4 
71,7 
9,0 
8,5 
6,5 
133,9 
57,0 
162,1 * 
mn 
0% 
0% 
30% 
50% 
71% 
79% 
31% 
11% 
80% 
25% 
34% 
41% 
18% 
33% 
30% 
6% 
50% 
25% 
0% 
17% 
0% 
3% 
13% 
6% 
66% 
23% 
9% 
42% 
20% 
12% 
5% 
27% 
45% 
24% 
21% Programmes 
(yearof adoption} 
OP Environmental services (1994) 
OP Tourism (1994) 
OP Transport (1994) 
Technical assistance 
TOTAL 
M^&!im^^^^0M^^^^M^^M&mM 
Ireland (1995) 
Ernpfoymant 
Ireland (1994) 
llSiS!^ 
Technical assistance national network (1997) 
Ireland (1995) 
Total 
IP*K» . 
Ireland (1994) 
SMEs 
Ireland (1995) 
^Ritex 
Ireland (1993) 
Urban 
Ireland (1996) 
TOTAL 
ineacie 
Ireland/Northern Ireland (1995) 
lotafrtgJRagao 
Ireland/United Kingdom Northern Ireland (1995) 
Ireland/United Kingdom: Wales (1995) Total tost 
125,6 
848,4 
1.426,6 
0,5 
11.863,7 
Total cost 
37,3 
117,1 
1.5 
166,7 
168,2 
14,4 
66,1 
22,9 
27,7 
463,6 
412,4 
265,7 
146,9 5. funds 
\ contrfb...: 
to ! 
78,0 
463,4 
900,8 
0,5 
6.708,4 
lilplli 
27,8 
88,6 
1.1 
68.4 
69,5 
7.8 
28,8 
11.5 
20,8 
264,8 
301,7 
160,2 
84,6 Commttmants 
1997 
0,0 
87,5 
0,0 
0,3 
721,6 
lllilllllltl 
6,9 
12,4 
1,1 
0,0 
1.1 
0,0 
0,0 
3.7 
10,4 
34,6 
53,3 
35,9 
13,6 CommKmerrts 
199447 
m 
34,0 
256,4 
496,3 
0,5 
3.683,1 
Cornmrtmerrts 
lllllllllll 
14,3 
41,8 
1.1 
7,5 
8,6 
7,2 
28.8 
11.8 
12,2 
124,7 
176,3 
64,0 
25,4 % 
„.(*»*1) 
44% 
55% 
55% 
100% 
63% 
51% 
47% 
100% 
11% 
12% 
91% 
100% 
103% 
59% 
49% 
58% 
40% 
30% Paymants 
1997 
1,2 
74,1 
146,6 
0,1 
892,4 
Paymants 
6,6 
16,9 
0,3 
0,0 
0,3 
2,3 
13,2 
4.1 
3.1 
46,6 
81,2 
0,5 
14,2 Paymants 
199447 
m 
32,0 
224,0 
466,3 
0,1 
3.162,8 
Paymants 
:::199447:: 
liifft 
12,6 
33,9 
0,3 
3,8 
4,1 
3,6 
21,9 
8,2 
4,0 
88,1 
136,6 
14,6 
20,1 mn 
41% 
48% 
52% 
21% 
55% 
45% 
38% 
30% 
• 5% 
6% 
46% 
76% 
71% 
19% 
36% 
45% 
9% 
24% 
ITALIA 
Programme* 
(year of adoption) 
QjWectiw.1 
Regional OPs 
OPPianura(3)(1997) 
GG Crisis area Brindisi (3) (1997) 
GGCrotone(3)(1996) 
GG Manfredonia (3) (1996) 
OPAbruzzo(1995) 
OPAbruzzo(1)(1995) 
OP Calabria (1)(1995) 
OP Campania (1995) 
MP Port of Gioia Tauro (3) (1995) 
OPPuglia(1995) 
OP Sicilia (1995) 
OPBasilicata(1994) 
OP Calabria (1994) 
OPMolise(1994) 
OPSardegna(1994) 
Multireglonal OPs 
OP Environment (3) (1997) 
OP Airport infrastructure (3) (1997) 
OP Park Projects (2) (1997) 
GG Literature parks (3) (1997) 
OP Civil protection (3) (1997) 
OP Support for fruit and vegetable producer 
organisations (1) (1997) 
OP "MEGA II* (1996) 
OPEnergie(3)(1996) 
OP Road infrastructure (3) (1996) 
OP Industry and services (1995) 
OP Water resources (1995) 
OP Tourism (1995) 
OP Popular farming?? (1) (1995) 
OP "Emergency" Employment (1994) 
OP Technical assistance (2) (1994) 
OP Training of trainers (1994) 
OP Training of migrants (1994) 
OP Ministry of Education (1994) 
OPFisharies(1994) 
OP Research - development (1994) Total coct 
55,3 
73,2 
90,9 
60.6 
365,7 
187,6 
502,0 
2.964,9 
120,0 
2.409,6 
2 560,1 
1.125,0 
1.313,9 
523,5 
1 808,6 
107,1 
10.0 
69,9 
29,3 
120,3 
8,2 
120,0 
485,0 
498,0 
5359,1 
2.008,3 
274,9 
231,4 
474,3 
101,3 
245,3 
32,0 
471,0 
477,8 
1.258,2 $ fund* 
fl) ; 
25,0 
25,0 
35,0 
25.0 
165,5 
93,9 
241,0 
1.376,7 
40,0 
1 148,4 
1 337,2 
583,2 
580,3 
292,0 
967,1 
48,0 
5,0 
52,4 
18,0 
60,0 
4.1 
72,0 
170,0 
249,0 
2.592,7 
871,0 
130,0 
162,0 
355,7 
76.0 
184.0 
24,0 
300.0 
238,9 
784,0 ^ommKmettt* 
199T 
25,0 
25,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
-1,4 
31,1 
278,4 
0,0 
348,4 
395,1 
188,7 
166,8 
93,9 
192,6 
5,7 
5,0 
26,2 
18,0 
20,0 
0,0 
18,0 
0,0 
0,0 
509,4 
197,8 
0,0 
13,0 
144,7 
30,9 
74,9 
4,8 
85,2 
31,4 
269,1 *$944? 
25,0 
25,0 
35,0 
25,0 
165,5 
92,5 
107,3 
455,6 
40,0 
552,1 
715,3 
352,1 
290,8 
153,6 
461,7 
5,7 
5,0 
26,2 
18,0 
20,0 
0,0 
21,7 
45,3 
28,8 
2.513,3 
453,2 
22,2 
78,9 
177,4 
37,9 
91,8 
11,0 
173,7 
98,0 
335,0 % 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
45% 
33% 
100% 
48% 
53% 
60% 
50% 
53% 
48% 
12% 
100% 
50% 
100% 
33% 
0% 
30% 
27% 
12% 
97% 
52% 
17% 
49% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
46% 
58% 
41% 
43% Payment* 
1997 j 
0,0 
0,0 
10,5 
0,0 
43,5 
27,1 
33,3 
59,5 
12,0 
194,0 
243,6 
141,9 
23,0 
57,8 
149,2 
2.9 
2,5 
13,1 
0,0 
10,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
7.8 
76,6 
0,0 
25,1 
55.4 
5,5 
0.0 
2.4 
90.2 
21.8 
129.2 Payment* 
199447 
m 
0.0 
0,0 
10,5 
12,5 
117,6 
74,4 
75,1 
149,3 
32,0 
286,9 
450,3 
236,3 
103,2 
96,9 
286,0 
2,9 
2,5 
13,1 
0,0 
10,0 
0,0 
1,8 
22,7 
14,4 
1.707.4 
204,2 
11,1 
68,4 
71,7 
9,0 
8,5 
6,5 
133,9 
57,0 
162,1 * 
mn 
0% 
0% 
30% 
50% 
71% 
79% 
31% 
11% 
80% 
25% 
34% 
41% 
18% 
33% 
30% 
6% 
50% 
25% 
0% 
17% 
0% 
3% 
13% 
6% 
66% 
23% 
9% 
42% 
20% 
12% 
5% 
27% 
45% 
24% 
21% 
(1) Single Fund OP: EAGGF 
(2) Single Fund OP: ESF 
(3) Single Fund assistance: ERDF 
196 
Programmas 
(year of adoption) 
OP Telecommunications (1994) 
OP Rail transport (1994) 
Technical assistance 
Total total cost 
1.076,1 
1.981,6 
1.1 
29.600,9 : s, funds 
: contrib. 
; to 
376,7 
791,0 
1,1 
14.500,8 Commitment* 
1997 
85,7 
259,5 
0,5 
3.643,3 Cornmfbtteats 
1984*7 
301,6 
644,7 
1.1 
8.606,8 80% 
82% 
100% 
69% Payments 
1997 
91,3 
62,0 
0,2 
1.591,3 Payment* 
1994*7 
(3) 
264,0 
370,2 
0,3 
5.072,3 * 
mn 
70% 
47% 
28% 
35% 
:CH!*$#fSWSfiit:5t. 
SPD Emilia-Romagna 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Friuli-Venezia Qiulia 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Lazio 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Liguria 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Lombardia 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Marche 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Umbria 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Piemonte 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Toscana 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Valle d'Aosta 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Veneto 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Emilia-Romagna 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Friuli-Venezia Qiulia 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Lazio 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Liguria 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Lombardia 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Marche 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Umbria 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Piemonte 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Toscana 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Valle d'Aosta 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Veneto 1994-96 (1994) 
Total 41,0 
110,1 
187,1 
339,7 
88,2 
86.1 
125,6 
976,4 
511,2 
30,5 
303,6 
39,3 
59,0 
158,4 
219,2 
73,2 
32,0 
37,3 
449,1 
403,1 
1,6 
152,7 
4.424,4 14,2 
39,2 
76,9 
129,5 
34,0 
31,0 
53,1 
309,5 
158,9 
13,5 
107,8 
12,0 
14,1 
59,0 
81,6 
21,1 
12,3 
17,4 
143,4 
113,6 
0,6 
48,9 
1.491,8 14,2 
28,0 
14,8 
41,4 
34,0 
31,0 
17,0 
99,0 
50,9 
13,5 
49,5 
0,0 
-2,8 
6,5 
16,4 
-2,0 
0,0 
-3,8 
14,6 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
422,3 14,2 
28,0 
14,8 
41,4 
34,0 
31,0 
17,0 
99,0 
50,9 
13,5 
49,5 
12,0 
18,5 
59,0 
81,6 
21,1 
16,6 
24,8 
143,4 
113,6 
3,3 
48,9 
936,3 100% 
71% 
19% 
32% 
100% 
100% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
100% 
46% 
100% 
131% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
135% 
142% 
100% 
100% 
599% 
100% 
63% 7,1 
0,0 
0,0 
20,7 
17,0 
15,5 
8,5 
49,5 
25,4 
6,8 
24,8 
0,0 
-1,7 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
-4,4 
-7,4 
56,3 
48,1 
-2,8 
0,0 
263,6 7,1 
0,0 
0,0 
20,7 
17,0 
15,5 
8,5 
49,5 
25,4 
6,8 
24,8 
6,0 
10,3 
26,3 
49,5 
11,6 
6,1 
10,1 
102,8 
85,8 
0,2 
24,5 
608,6 50% 
0% 
0% 
16% 
50% 
50% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
50% 
23% 
50% 
73% 
45% 
61% 
55% 
50% 
58% 
72% 
76% 
42% 
50% 
34% 
SbJectWe'-
Regional OPs 
OPAbruzzo(1997) 
OPBdzano(1994) 
OP Emilia-Romagna (1994) 
OP Friuli-Venezia Giulia (1994) 
OP Lazio (1994) 
OP Liguria (1994) 
OP Lombardia (1994) 
OP Marche (1994) 
OP Umbria (1994) 
OP Piemonte (1994) 
OP Toscana (1994) 
OPTrento(1994) 
OP Valle d'Aosta (1994) 
OP Veneto (1994) 45,8 
54,4 
409,8 
118,6 
271,7 
94,0 
389,1 
81,7 
67,7 
271,6 
145,8 
62,7 
30,1 
240,7 21,2 
24,5 
184,4 
53,4 
122,3 
42,3 
175,1 
36,8 
30,5 
122,2 
65,6 
28,2 
12,4 
108,3 6,4 
9,3 
24,7 
20,3 
59,9 
7,2 
85,8 
17,8 
9,6 
23,2 
22,0 
5,0 
1,5 
36,3 6,4 
15,7 
99,3 
34,1 
78,2 
27,0 
112,0 
23,5 
19,5 
78,2 
42,0 
18,1 
6,3 
69,3 30% 
64% 
54% 
64% 
64% 
64% 
64% 
64% 
64% 
64% 
64% 
64% 
51% 
64% 3,2 
9,3 
0,0 
15,1 
24,7 
11,4 
0,0 
6,9 
3,4 
18,4 
14,1 
7,1 
3.7 
7,3 3,2 
14,2 
59,5 
22,0 
33,9 
17,1 
13,1 
9,8 
8,4 
51,8 
24,1 
16,7 
4,9 
23,8 15% 
58% 
32% 
41% 
28% 
40% 
7% 
27% 
28% 
42% 
37% 
59% 
39% 
22% 
Multiregional OPs 
Multiregional OP (1997) 
OP Innovative adions (1994) 
OP Technical assistance (1994) 
OP Training (1994) 
Total 60,3 
118,9 
77,8 
456,8 
2.997,6 27,1 
53,5 
35,0 
205,6 
1.348,4 27,1 
21,1 
13,8 
81,2 
472,2 27,1 
30,2 
19,8 
116,0 
822,6 100% 
56% 
56% 
56% 
61% 13,6 
4,8 
0,0 
18,1 
161,0 13,6 
9,3 
3,0 
35,4 
363,6 50% 
17% 
8% 
17% 
27% 
Objectiva 4 
SPD Ministry of Labour (1994) | 903,7| 406,7| 164,4 263,3| 65%| 85,7| 135,1 33% 
o*^lv*f^} Agriculture 
Regional OPs 
OP Bdzano R 867/90 (1996) 
OP Emilia-Romagna R. 866/90 (1996) 
OP Friuli-Venezia Giulia R. 866/90 (1996) 
OP Friuli-Venezia Giulia R. 867/90 (1996) 
OP Lazio R. 866/90(1996) 
OP Lazio R. 867/90(1996) 
OP Liguria R. 866/90 (1996) 
OP Liguria R. 867/90 (1996) 
OP Lombardia R. 866/90 (1996) 
OP Lombardia R. 867/90 (1996) 
OP Marche R 866/90 (1996) 
OP Marche R. 867/90 (1996) 
OP Marche Water Zoo R. 866/90 (1996) 
OP Umbria R. 866/90 (1996) 
OP Umbria R. 867/90 (1996) 
OP Piemonte R. 866/90 (1996) 
OP Piemonte R. 867/90 (1996) 
OP Toscana R 866/90 (1996) 
OP Toscana R. 867/90 (1996) 
OP Trento R. 866/90 (1996) 1,6 
44,2 
13,3 
1.7 
32,1 
2,7 
7,5 
1,1 
132,6 
4,6 
62,7 
1,2 
3,2 
20,4 
1,6 
82,7 
4,8 
53,0 
4,1 
30,8 0,4 
8,8 
3,4 
0,5 
8,0 
0,7 
2,3 
0,3 
26,5 
1,2 
16,3 
0,3 
0,8 
4,1 
0,4 
15,2 
1,2 
10,0 
1,0 
6,5 0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 0,4 
8.8 
3,4 
0,5 
8,0 
0,7 
2,3 
0,3 
26,5 
1,2 
16,3 
0,3 
0,8 
4,1 
0,4 
15,2 
1.2 
10,0 
1,0 
6,5 100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 0,1 
2,7 
1,0 
0,2 
2,4 
0,2 
0,7 
0,1 
8,0 
0,4 
4,9 
0,1 
0,4 
1,2 
0,1 
4,6 
0,4 
3,0 
0,3 
2,0 30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
50% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
197 
(year al adoption) 
OP Trento R. 867/90(1996) 
OP Valle d'Aosta R. 867/90 (1996) 
OP Veneto R. 866/90 (1996) 
OP Veneto R. 867/90 (1996) 
OP Bdzano R 866/90 (1995) ' Total cost 
3,8 
0,7 
72,6 
3,1 
34.9 : s, funds 
contrib. : 
to 
1,0 
0,2 
14,5 
0,8 
7,1 Commitment* 
1997 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 i Commftmeftts 
1884*7 
1,0 
0,2 
14,5 
0,8 
7,1 % 
(SWH 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% Payments 
1997 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
2,1 Payment* 
1994*7 
0,3 
0.1 
4,4 
0,2 
5,6 % 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
80% 
Multiregional OPs 
OP Italia R. 951/97 and 867/90 (1997) 
Forecasts Italia R. 2328/91 (1995) 
Total 714,0 
1.409,8 
2.744,9 185,6 
457,7 
775,0 30,0 
92,9 
122,9 30,0 
210,4 
372,1 16% 
46% 
48% 15,0 
122,5 
139,7 15,0 
181,3 
239,5 8% 
40% 
31% 
Ipigiiiii^^ 
SPD Italia (1994) | 456.4| 134,4| 2,8| 47,5| 35%) 2,5| 25,6) 19% 
iiQt'i'WriftrWi^ 
SPD Friuli-Venezia Giulia (1995) 
SPD Liguria (1995) 
SPD Marche (1995) 
SPD Piemonte (1995) 
SPD Bdzano (1994) 
SPD Emilia-Romagna (1994) 
SPD Lazio (1994) 
SPD Lombardia (1994) 
SPD Umbria (1994) 
SPD Toscana (1994) 
SPD Trento (1994) 
SPD Valle d'Aosta (1994) 
SPD Veneto (1994) 
Total 
TOTAL 
Initiative 
(year of adoption} 273,4 
185,3 
431,1 
425,0 
159,2 
311,2 
514,9 
250,3 
339,5 
728,4 
65,8 
13,9 
1.020,4 
4.718,5 
45.846,6 
Tofat&MEf 44,0 
36,2 
76,2 
83,5 
43,6 
57,1 
145,7 
40,3 
75,5 
133,0 
19,9 
4,2 
145,6 
904,7 
19.561,7 
i & Funds ; 
contrib. i 
m : 5,7 
4,3 
0,0 
0,0 
2,8 
13,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
48,9 
4,1 
0,0 17,6 
10,5 
9,2 
9,8 
14,7 
19,8 
16,7 
4,8 
10,7 
71,1 
6,7 
0,6 
43,2| 70,3 
122,0 262,6 
4.849,sj 11.311,2 
Commftmants i Commitments 
49*7 [ 1994*7 
1 f*) 40% 
29% 
12% 
12% 
34% 
35% 
11% 
12% 
14% 
53% 
34% 
14% 
48% 
29% 
68% 
mn 2,8 
3,7 
0,0 
0,0 
0,6 
1.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
38,8 
1.1 
0.0 
25,0 
73,1 
2.316,7 
Payment» 
1987 -j 8,8 
6,2 
4,6 
4,9 
6,9 
4,4 
8,3 
3,0 
5.4 
46,7 
3,2 
0.3 
33,6 
136,4 
6.481,7 
Payments 
1*W*7 20% 
17% 
6% 
6% 
16% 
8% 
6% 
8% 
7% 
35% 
16% 
7% 
23% 
15% 
33% 
Adapt 
Italia (1995) | 405,0| 219,7) 0,0| 81,7| 37%) 0,0| 41,1| 19% 
6mpfoyrh*ot 
Italia (1994) | 640,3| 401,4| 0,0| 134,2| 33%| 0,o| 67,6| 17% 
Leader 
Lazio (1996) 
Liguria (1996) 
Lombardia (1996) 
Marche (1996) 
Molise(1996) 
Piemonte (1996) 
Networks (1996) 
Sidiia(1996) 
Trento (1996) 
Veneto (1996) 
Abruzzo(1995) 
Basilicata(1995) 
Bolzano (1995) 
Calabria (1995) 
Campania (1995) 
Emilia-Romagna (1995) 
Friuli-Venezia Giulia (1995) 
Puglia (1995) 
Sardegna(1995) 
Toscana (1995) 
Umbria (1995) 
Valle d'Aosta (1995) 
Total 73,9 
18,3 
17,3 
44,6 
18,1 
48,8 
3,1 
65,2 
10,5 
70,5 
31,9 
39,1 
23,4 
47,7 
51.3 
25,1 
' 17,7 
53,2 
78,0 
65,1 
38,0 
2,2 
843,1 19,9 
4,8 
5,5 
10,3 
9,8 
11.3 
2,0 
32,6 
2,7 
19,9 
16,0 
19,6 
5,9 
23,2 
25.8 
7,7 
6,0 
26,6 
36,4 
18,1 
10,3 
0,6 
314,7 0,6 
0,0 
0,0 
0,7 
0,0 
1,3 
0,0 
4.2 
0.9 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
4,0 
0,8 
0,8 
0,0 
13,3 4,2 
3,9 
4,5 
1,9 
0,3 
2,6 
2,0 
11,4 
2,2 
6,0 
15,4 
2,4 
4,8 
7,0 
3.5 
1.7 
1,5 
6,6 
5,1 
1,5 
2,4 
0,5 
91,2 21% 
82% 
82% 
18% 
3% 
23% 
100% 
35% 
82% 
30% 
96% 
12% 
82% 
30% 
14% 
22% 
25% 
25% 
14% 
8% 
24% 
82% 
29% 1,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
0,7 
0,0 
2,1 
0,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
2,0 
0,4 
0,4 
0,0 
7,6 2,1 
1,6 
1,9 
0,9 
0,1 
1,3 
0.8 
5,7 
0,8 
3,0 
7,7 
1,2 
2,0 
3,5 
1,8 
0,9 
0,7 
3,3 
2.5 
0,7 
1,0 
0,2 
43,8 11% 
33% 
34% 
9% 
1% 
11% 
40% 
17% 
31% 
15% 
48% 
6% 
35% 
15% 
7% 
11% 
12% 
12% 
7% 
4% 
10% 
27% 
14% 
Pasca .... -
Italia (1995) | 82,4) 34,2| 0,2| 4,6| 14%) 0,11 2,3) 7% 
SMEs 
Italia (1996) | 648,5| 192,5) 2,o| 46,7| 24%| 1,0| 23,4) 12% 
Rechar 
Sardegna(1995) 
Toscana (1995) 
Total 1,8 
13,2 
15,0 0,9 
1,0 
1,9 0,1 
0,1 
0,2 0,9 
1.0 
1,9 100% 
100% 
100% 0,1 
0,0 
0,1 0,4 
0,5 
0,9 50% 
50% 
50% 
KottlftM 
Italia (1996) | 317,5) 64,8| 0.0J 21,6| 33%j 0,0| 10.8J 17% 
Re*ider 
Italia (1996) | 427,11 92,3] 0,0| 42.8J 46%| 0.0| 21,4| 23% 
198 
initiative 
{yewr<>t adoption* 
Rate* •• 
Italia (Obj. regions) (1993) 
Italia (Obj. 2 and 5(b) regions) (1993) 
Total 
SMttft 
Italia (1996) 
TOTAL 
'$&!!&iJlB!fatt 
Ellada/ltalia: Ipiros, Ionia Nisia, Dutiki Ellada and Puglia 
(1997) 
Italia/Osterreich (1997) 
Italia/Slovenia: Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto (1997) 
Italia: Drought prevention (1997) 
Osterreich/Deutschland/Ellada/ltalia: Central, Adriatic, 
Danubian and South-Eastem European Space (1997) 
France/Italia: Corse/Sardegna (1996) 
France/Italia: Coree/Toscana (1996) 
Italia/Albania: Puglia (1996) 
Italia/France (1996) 
Italia/Switzerland (1996) 
Ellada/ltalia (Regen Electricity) (1995) 
Ellada: Completion of energy networks (Regen) (1995) Totaled** 
86,4 
178,8 
265,2 
337,5 
3.981,6 
304,9 
27,4 
31,4 
30,5 
36.8 
71.8 
58,2 
178.2 
159,1 
52.7 
189.4 
459,2 9, fund* 
contrfb. 
to 
43,4 
39,6 
83,0 
-
136,0 
1.540,5 
169,2 
11,8 
15,6 
15,2 
20,9 
33,7 
18,6 
81,5 
57,0 
20,0 
75,8 
183,7 Commitments 
1997 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
15,7 
39,9 
13,1 
11.7 
15,2 
20,9 
0,6 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
4,4 
0,0 
80,5 Cemmttmerrts 
199447 
7,9 
4,2 
12,1 
26,4 
463,1 
39,9 
13,1 
11.7 
15,2 
20,9 
33,1 
18,2 
15,5 
15,1 
20,0 
22,0 
183,7 % 
m,n 
18% 
10% 
15% 
19% 
30% 
24% 
110% 
75% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
98% 
19% 
26% 
100% 
29% 
100% Payments 
1997 j 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
6,8 
15,5 
19,9 
6,5 
5,8 
7,6 
10,5 
0,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
2.2 
0,0 
79,4 Payments 
199447 
(3) 
6,3 
3,3 
9,6 
20,0 
241,0 
19,9 
6,5 
5,8 
7,6 
10,5 
10,1 
5,5 
7,8 
7,5 
10,0 
11.0 
161,9 15% 
8% 
12% 
15% 
16% 
12% 
55% 
37% 
50% 
50% 
30% 
29% 
10% 
13% 
50% 
15% 
88% 
towmttw 
jya«ref*dopflon} 
SPD Luxembourg 1997.-99 (1997) 
SPD Luxembourg 1994-96 (1994) 
Total 
fttiSi^ 
OP Private promoters (1994) 
OP Public promoters (1994) 
Total 
>MHHBSWRw:*>!w;**"*':':W 
SPD Public promoters (1994) 
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm 
Forecasts Luxembourg R. 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD Luxembourg R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
Total 
Ottawa 9^} naherf** 
SPD Luxembourg (1994) 
Otfectfceift* 
SPD Luxembourg (1994) 
TOTAL 
initiative 
|ya*r of adoption) 
Si""'"'"'"""""""""""""""'' ,""M Luxembourg (1995) 
:£mp*9yftaH*rr 
Luxembourg (1994) 
Leader 
Luxembourg (1995) 
$MB* ..... 
Luxembourg (19961 
Koftvar 
Luxembourg (1997) 
ttesWef 
Luxembourg (1997) 
Urban: 
Luxembourg (1995) 
TOTAL 
lrttett*gm*g*o 
Belgique/BelgieVDeutschland/France/Luxembourg/ 
Nedertand: Rhine-Meuse (1997) 
Belgique/France/Luxembourg: Wallonie-Lorraine-
Luxembourg(l996) 
Deutschland/Luxembourg: Euregio (1995) T<M$i4&til 
45.3 
18.2 
63,6 
21,6 
25,3 
46,9 
6.1 
128,4 
20,5 
148,9 
3.7 
25,5 
294,7 
Total cost 
0,8 
0,6 
4.8 
1.4 
1.3 
57,9 
1,0 
67,9 
426,7 
62,2 
30,9 eo/itrfb. i 
9.8 
5.3 
15,2 
9.7 
11,4 
21,1 
2,3 
36,7 
3.1 
39,8 
1.1 
6,0 
86,6 
&Funds 
0,3 
0,3 
1.0 
0,3 
0,4 
13,3 
0.5 
16,1 
137,1 
30,2 
8,0 €dnttnHm4ftt* 
1997 
9,8 
-0,2 
9,6 
1,4 
1,9 
3,3 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
0,0 
0.0 
1,7 
14,7 
Commitments 
1987 
0.0 
0,0 
0.0 
0,0 
0.3 
11.4 
0.0 
11,7 
15,5 
0,0 
0,0 1994-97 
m 
9,8 
5,8 
15,7 
6,0 
7,2 
13,2 
0,9 
15,6 
1,0 
16,6 
1.1 
2,5 
I 49,9 
Commitments 
»94*r 
0,3 
0,3 
1.0 
0,3 
0.3 
11,4 
0,5 
14,1 
15,5 
26,2 
8,0 % 
100% 
109% 
103% 
62% 
63% 
62% 
38% 
42% 
31% 
42% 
100% 
42% 
68% 
% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
72% 
74% 
86% 
100% 
87% 
11% 
87% 
100% P^rWeht^; 
1997 j 
4,9 
0,0 
4,9 
1,6 
2,1 
3,7 
0,0 
4,4 
0,2 
4,6 
0.0 
1,5 
14,8 
Payments: 
1997 i 
0.0 
0.0 
0,2 
0,0 
0,1 
3.4 
0,0 
3,8 
0,0 
1,4 
0,0 Payments 
199447 
m 
4,9 
4,3 
9,2 
5,7 
7,0 
12,7 
0,6 
14,4 
0,8 
15,2 
0,3 
1,9 
39,9 
Payments 
1994*7 
<*} „: 
0.1 
0,2 
0,7 
0.1 
0.1 
3,4 
0,3 
4,7 
0,0 
13,5 
2,4 50% 
80% 
61% 
58% 
62% 
60% 
25% 
39% 
25% 
38% 
30% 
32% 
47% 
30% 
50% 
65% 
22% 
22% 
26% 
50% 
29% 
0% 
45% 
30% 
199 initiative 
{yeamt adoption) 
Pete* •• 
Italia (Obj. regions) (1993) 
Italia (Obj. 2 and 5(b) regions) (1993) 
Total 
ftlfettl 
Italia (1996) 
TOTAL 
fof&W?*^^ 
Ellada/ltalia: Ipiros, Ionia Nisia, Dutiki Ellada and Puglia 
(1997) 
Italia/Osterreich (1997) 
Italia/Slovenia: Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto (1997) 
Italia: Drought prevention (1997) 
Osterreich/Deutschland€llada/ltalia Central, Adriatic, 
Danubian and South-Eastem European Space (1997) 
France/Italia: Corse/Sardegna (1996) 
France/Italia: Corse/Toscana (1996) 
Italia/Albania: Puglia (1996) 
Italia/France (1996) 
Italia/Switzerland (1996) 
Ellada/ltalia (Regen Electricity) (1995) 
Ellada: Completion of energy networks (Regen) (1995) Total cost 
86,4 
178,8 
265,2 
337,5 
3.981,6 
304,9 
27,4 
31,4 
30,5 
36.8 
71.8 
58,2 
178.2 
159,1 
52.7 
189.4 
459,2 Sounds 
contrfb. 
ti) 
43,4 
39,6 
83,0 
-
136,0 
1.540,5 
169,2 
11,8 
15,6 
15,2 
20,9 
33,7 
18,6 
81,5 
57,0 
20,0 
75,8 
183,7 Commitments 
1997 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
19,7 
39,9 
13,1 
11.7 
15,2 
20,9 
0,6 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
4,4 
0,0 
80,5 Commttmerrts; 
199447 
7,9 
4,2 
12,1 
26,4 
463,1 
39,9 
13,1 
11.7 
15,2 
20,9 
33,1 
18,2 
15,5 
15,1 
20,0 
22,0 
183,7 % 
<2JfU 
18% 
10% 
15% 
19% 
30% 
24% 
110% 
75% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
98% 
19% 
26% 
100% 
29% 
100% Payments 
1997 j 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
6,8 
15,5 
19,9 
6,5 
5,8 
7,6 
10,5 
0,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
2.2 
0,0 
79,4 Payments 
199447 
(3) 
6,3 
3,3 
9,6 
20,0 
241,0 
19,9 
6,5 
5,8 
7,6 
10,5 
10,1 
5,5 
7,8 
7,5 
10,0 
11.0 
161,9 15% 
8% 
12% 
15% 
16% 
12% 
55% 
37% 
50% 
50% 
30% 
29% 
10% 
13% 
50% 
15% 
88% 
LUXEMBOURG 
towmttw 
jya*ref*dopflon} 
SPD Luxembourg 1997.-99 (1997) 
SPD Luxembourg 1994-96 (1994) 
Total 
fttiSi^ 
OP Private promoters (1994) 
OP Public promoters (1994) 
Total 
>WKIWW«5!w:*&'&';W:-;":':^«:W 
SPD Public promoters (1994) 
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm 
Forecasts Luxembourg R. 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD Luxembourg R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
Total 
0tte^«*9^}nsherf** 
SPD Luxembourg (1994) 
Ortettfre*ft> 
SPD Luxembourg (1994) 
TOTAL 
tnttlatlve 
|ya*r of adoption) 
W"'""'"'""II"'"I','I"''"""II'I'II"M 
Luxembourg (1995) 
:£mp*9yftaH*rr 
Luxembourg (1994) 
Leader 
Luxembourg (1995) 
$M6* ..... 
Luxembourg (19961 
Ko«v»r 
Luxembourg (1997) 
ttesloef 
Luxembourg (1997) 
Urban: 
Luxembourg (1995) 
TOTAL 
Irttettegmaoeo 
Belgique/BelgieVDeutschland/France/Luxembourg/ 
Nedertand: Rhine-Meuse (1997) 
Belgique/France/Luxembourg: Wallonie-Lorraine-
Luxembourg(l996) 
Deutschland/Luxembourg: Euregio (1995) T<M$i4&til 
45.3 
18.2 
63,6 
21,6 
25,3 
46,9 
6.1 
128,4 
20,5 
148,9 
3.7 
25,5 
294,7 
Total cost 
0,8 
0,6 
4.8 
1.4 
1.3 
57,9 
1.0 
67,9 
426,7 
62,2 
30,9 eomYlfc 
9.8 
5.3 
15,2 
9.7 
11,4 
21,1 
2,3 
36,7 
3.1 
39,8 
1.1 
6,0 
86,6 
&Funds 
0,3 
0,3 
1.0 
0,3 
0,4 
13,3 
0.5 
16,1 
137,1 
30,2 
8,0 <#tamHm4ftts 
1997 
9,8 
-0,2 
9,6 
1,4 
1,9 
3,3 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
0,0 
0.0 
1,7 
14,7 
Commitments 
1987 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
0,0 
0.3 
11.4 
0.0 
11,7 
15,5 
0,0 
0,0 ComtttfttiMtftft 
1994-97 
m 
9,8 
5,8 
15,7 
6,0 
7,2 
13,2 
0,9 
15,6 
1,0 
16,6 
1.1 
2,5 
I 49,9 
Commitments 
»94*r 
0,3 
0,3 
1.0 
0,3 
0.3 
11,4 
0,5 
14,1 
15,5 
26,2 
8,0 % 
100% 
109% 
103% 
62% 
63% 
62% 
38% 
42% 
31% 
42% 
100% 
42% 
68% 
% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
72% 
74% 
86% 
100% 
87% 
11% 
87% 
100% P^tymeht^; 
1997 j 
4,9 
0,0 
4,9 
1,6 
2,1 
3,7 
0,0 
4,4 
0,2 
4,6 
0.0 
1,5 
14,8 
Payments 
1997 i 
0.0 
0.0 
0,2 
0,0 
0,1 
3.4 
0,0 
3,8 
0,0 
1,4 
0,0 Payments 
199447 
m 
4,9 
4,3 
9,2 
5,7 
7,0 
12,7 
0,6 
14,4 
0,8 
15,2 
0,3 
1,9 
39,9 
Payments 
1&94«87 
<*} „: 
0.1 
0,2 
0,7 
0.1 
0.1 
3,4 
0,3 
4,7 
0,0 
13,5 
2,4 50% 
80% 
61% 
58% 
62% 
60% 
25% 
39% 
25% 
38% 
30% 
32% 
47% 
30% 
50% 
65% 
22% 
22% 
26% 
50% 
29% 
0% 
45% 
30% 
199 
Programmes 
(yaa? of adoption} 
Objective 1 
SPD Flevoland (1994) 
Objective 2 
SPD Amhem-Nrimegen 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Groningen-Drenthe 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Zuid-Oost Brabant 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Zuid-Lirnburg 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Twente-Overijssel 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Amhem-Nijmegen 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Groningen-Drenthe 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Zuid-Oost Brabant 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Zuid-Limburg 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Twente-Overijssel 1994-96 (1994) 
Total 
:Q0jB'CShfe):5S:;:W^ 
SPD Nedertand (1994) 
W^f^l^^^^&^^^^^^^^M^^M 
SPD Nedertand (1994) 
'$!i!il$&^ 
Forecasts Nedertand R. 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD Nedertand R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
Total 
<*S^^ 
SPD Nedertand (1994) 
iiSSSSl^ii^»^^^MlMlE^^ili^M 
SPD Friesland (1994) 
SPD Groningen-Drenthe (1994) 
SPD Limburg (1994) 
SPD Overijssel (1994) 
SPD Zeeland (1994) 
Total 
TOTAL 
'" initiative 
(year <a adoption} 
Adapt 
Nedertand (1995) 
Employment 
Nedertand (1994) 
Letde* 
Technical assistance national network (1997) 
Drenthe(1995) 
Flevoland (1995) 
Noordoost Friesland/noordwest Groningen (1995) 
Noordwest Friesland (1995) 
Total 
Pesca':":.' . 
Nedertand (1995) 
SMEs •;;:;;;:.:;*:.;:-:,:.:;.-;;;-vr;::':^:: • 
Nedertand (1995) 
iKiW!^ 
Nedertand (1996) 
RetWef ''>-:':;::.:'::•::•>:•:••'•:>:' :: 
Nedertand (1995) 
!Re^;;;ji;^ 
Twente(1995) 
IjJiiiSiiiiiii^ 
Rotterdam (1997) 
Utrecht (1997) 
Amsterdam (1995) 
Den Haag (1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 
lnte*reg,m»o**» • • 
Belgique/BelgieVDeutschlanoVFrance/l.uxembourg/ 
Nedertand: Rhine-Meuse (1997) 
United Kingotom/Danmark/Sverige/Nederland/ 
Deutschland: North Sea (1997) 
(1995) 
Belgique/BelgieVNedertand: Middengebied (1995) 
Deutschland/Nedertand/Belgique/Belgig. Euregio Meuse-
Rhine(1995) Total cost 
| 964,9 
249,7 
327,5 
354,5 
222,2 
244,2 
173,1 
195,9 
169,6 
102,9 
156,4 
2.196,1 
| 2.219,7 
j 376,1 
238,7 
298,2 
536,9 
127.5 
266,9 
157,4 
51,7 
70,2 
49,2 
595,4 
7.016,5 
Total £0&t 
168,9 
136,0 
0,1 
2,8 
4,4 
14,4 
13,5 
35,2 
34,2 
26,9 
32,0 
83,8 
3,5 
23,6 
26,0 
19.7 
68,2 
137,4 
658,0 
426,7 
30,3 
22,8 
66,3 
71,9 5.Funds 
sentrifr, 
m 
] 150,0 
76,8 
113,1 
107,3 
65,5 
79,4 
45,6 
54,8 
45,3 
29.5 
49,0 
666,2 
935,3 
! 156,2 
28,2 
40,1 
68,3 
46,6 
68,7 
34,9 
19,1 
15,5 
11,8 
150,0 
2.172,7 
S,Funds 
contrfb. 
69,7 
62,6 
0,0 
1.1 
2,1 
2,6 
2.7 
8,5 
10,6 
10,3 
12,0 
23,5 
1.0 
6,5 
6,5 
4,7 
4,7 
22,3 
220,6 
137,1 
14,5 
11,1 
32,4 
35,7 Commitments 
1987 
I 15,7 
24,6 
36,2 
34,4 
21,1 
25,4 
6,3 
4,7 
-0,7 
3,7 
1,8 
157,5 
f 159,4 
64,7 
0,4 
4,6 
6,0 
0,0 
11,0 
0,0 
6,0 
2,5 
1,8 
21,1 
423,4 
Commitments 
1997 
0,0 
23,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
0,0 
0,0 
1.0 
4,4 
0,0 
6,5 
6,5 
1,0 
0,4 
14,4 
43,1 
15,5 
14,5 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 Commitments 
- 1994*7 
ft} 
1 57,7 
24,6 
36,2 
34,4 
21,1 
25,4 
45,6 
54,8 
45,3 
29,5 
44,9 
361,6 
593,9 
87,0 
21,3 
18,1 
39,3 
15,5 
30,3 
5,7 
13,3 
7,4 
5,7 
62,3 
1.217,3 
Commitments 
199447 
to , 
11,5 
29,5 
0,0 
1,1 
2,1 
2,5 
2,7 
8,4 
10,5 
10,3 
12,0 
22,5 
1.0 
6,5 
6,5 
4,7 
4,7 
22,3 
128,1 
15,5 
14,5 
11.1 
32,4 
33,5 | 38% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
92% 
64% 
63% 
56% 
76% 
45% 
68% 
33% 
44% 
16% 
69% 
48% 
48% 
42% 
66% 
% 
17% 
47% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
95% 
100% 
98% 
99% 
100% 
100% 
96% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
58% 
11% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
94% Payments 
1497 
I 19,7 
12,3 
18,1 
17,2 
10,5 
12,7 
21.4 
16,7 
14,6 
8,1 
14,6 
146,2 
142,0 
52.1 
1,8 
0,6 
2,3 
0,0 
11,8 
1,5 
3,5 
1,7 
0.8 
19,3 
381,6 
Payments 
1997 ; 
2,4 
16,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
1.4 
0,0 
0,5 
0,0 
0,0 
2,0 
2,0 
0,3 
0,1 
4,3 
25,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 Payments 
199447 
I 51,1 
12,3 
18,1 
17,2 
10,5 
12,7 
34,1 
46,6 
37,9 
16,4 
32,1 
238,0 
519,9 
63,2 
9,9 
11,1 
21,0 
12,7 
22,1 
4,6 
8,0 
5.6 
4,3 
44,5 
950,4 
Payments 
199447 
8,2 
19,7 
0,0 
0,3 
0,6 
0,7 
0,8 
2,5 
3,1 
WMM8M 
3.1 
3,8 
8,4 
0,5 
2,0 
2,0 
1,4 
1,4 
5,7 
66,0 
0,0 
0,0 
3,3 
9,7 
10,0 | 34% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
75% 
85% 
84% 
56% 
66% 
36% 
56% 
40% 
35% 
28% 
31% 
27% 
32% 
13% 
42% 
36% 
36% 
30% 
44% 
WW 
12% 
31% 
40% 
30% 
30% 
28% 
30% 
30% 
.. ,:::::::: 
30% 
30% 
32% 
36% 
50% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
25% 
, 
0% 
0% 
30% 
30% 
28% JMEDERLAND 
Programmes 
(y«kar of adoption} 
Objective 1 
SPD Flevoland (1994) 
Objective 2 
SPD Arnhem-Nijmegen 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Groningen-Drenthe 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Zuid-Oost Brabant 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Zuid-Lirnburg 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Twente-Overijssel 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Amhem-Nijmegen 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Groningen-Drenthe 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Zuid-Oost Brabant 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Zuid-Limburg 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Twente-Overijssel 1994-96 (1994) 
Total 
fflftlfpfShffclSilSjS^ 
SPD Nedertand (1994) 
W^f^l^^^^&^^^^^^^^M^^M 
SPD Nedertand (1994) 
'$!i!il$&^ 
Forecasts Nedertand R. 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD Nedertand R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
Total 
<*S^^ 
SPD Nedertand (1994) 
iiSSSSl^ii^»^^^MlMlE^^ili^M 
SPD Friesland (1994) 
SPD Groningen-Drenthe (1994) 
SPD Limburg (1994) 
SPD Overijssel (1994) 
SPD Zeeland (1994) 
Total 
TOTAL 
'" initiative 
(year «f adoption} 
Adapt 
Nedertand (1995) 
Employment 
Nedertand (1994) 
Letde* 
Technical assistance national network (1997) 
Drenthe(1995) 
Flevoland (1995) 
Noordoost Friesland/noordwest Groningen (1995) 
Noordwest Friesland (1995) 
Total 
'Pesca:':: . 
Nedertand (1995) 
SMEs •;;:;;;:.:;*;.::-:,:.::.-;;;-vr;::';:::::" 
Nedertand (1995) 
iKow^ 
Nedertand (1996) 
Retider -i--.::.:::.:: 
Nedertand (1995) 
!Re^;;lji;i^^ 
Twente(1995) 
IjuiiiSiiilili^ 
Rotterdam (1997) 
Utrecht (1997) 
Amsterdam (1995) 
Den Haag (1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 
lnte*reg,m»o**» • • 
Belgique/BelgieVDeutschlanoVFrance/l.uxembourg/ 
Nedertand: Rhine-Meuse (1997) 
United Kingotom/Danmark/Sverige/Nederland/ 
Deutschland: North Sea (1997) 
(1995) 
Belgique/BelgieVNedertand: Middengebied (1995) 
Deutschland/Nedertand/Belgique/Belgig. Euregio Meuse-
Rhine(1995) Total cost 
| 964,9 
249,7 
327,5 
354,5 
222,2 
244,2 
173,1 
195,9 
169,6 
102,9 
156,4 
2.196,1 
| 2.219,7 
j 376,1 
238,7 
298,2 
536,9 
127.5 
266,9 
157,4 
51,7 
70,2 
49,2 
595,4 
7.016,5 
Total cost 
168,9 
136,0 
0,1 
2,8 
4,4 
14,4 
13,5 
35,2 
34,2 
26,9 
32,0 
83,8 
3,5 
23,6 
26,0 
19.7 
68,2 
137,4 
658,0 
426,7 
30,3 
22,8 
66,3 
71,9 5.Funds 
sentrifr, 
m 
] 150,0 
76,8 
113,1 
107,3 
65,5 
79,4 
45,6 
54,8 
45,3 
29.5 
49,0 
666,2 
935,3 
! 156,2 
28,2 
40,1 
68,3 
46,6 
68,7 
34,9 
19,1 
15,5 
11,8 
150,0 
2.172,7 
S,Funds 
contrfb. 
69,7 
62,6 
0,0 
1.1 
2,1 
2,6 
2,7 
8,5 
10,6 
10,3 
12,0 
23,5 
1.0 
6,5 
6,5 
4,7 
4,7 
22,3 
220,6 
137,1 
14,5 
11,1 
32,4 
35,7 Commitments 
1987 
I 15,7 
24,6 
36,2 
34,4 
21,1 
25,4 
6,3 
4,7 
-0,7 
3,7 
1,8 
157,5 
f 159,4 
64,7 
0,4 
4,6 
6,0 
0,0 
11,0 
0,0 
6,0 
2,5 
1,8 
21,1 
423,4 
Commitments 
1997 
0,0 
23,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
0,0 
0,0 
1.0 
4,4 
0,0 
6,5 
6,5 
1,0 
0,4 
14,4 
43,1 
15,5 
14,5 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 Commitments 
- 1994*7 
ft} 
1 57,7 
24,6 
36,2 
34,4 
21,1 
25,4 
45,6 
54,8 
45,3 
29,5 
44,9 
361,6 
593,9 
87,0 
21,3 
18,1 
39,3 
15,5 
30,3 
5,7 
13,3 
7,4 
5,7 
62,3 
1.217,3 
Commitments 
199447 
to , 
11,5 
29,5 
0,0 
1,1 
2,1 
2,5 
2,7 
8,4 
10,5 
10,3 
12,0 
22,5 
1.0 
6,5 
6,5 
4,7 
4,7 
22,3 
128,1 
15,5 
14,5 
11.1 
32,4 
33,5 | 38% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
92% 
64% 
63% 
56% 
76% 
45% 
68% 
33% 
44% 
16% 
69% 
48% 
48% 
42% 
66% 
% 
17% 
47% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
95% 
100% 
98% 
99% 
100% 
100% 
96% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
58% 
11% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
94% Payments 
1997 
I 19,7 
12,3 
18,1 
17,2 
10,5 
12,7 
21.4 
16,7 
14,6 
8,1 
14,6 
146,2 
142,0 
52.1 
1,8 
0,6 
2,3 
0,0 
11,8 
1,5 
3,5 
1,7 
0.8 
19,3 
381,6 
Payments 
1997 ; 
2,4 
16,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
1.4 
0,0 
0,5 
0,0 
0,0 
2,0 
2,0 
0,3 
0,1 
4,3 
25,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 Payments 
199447 
I 51,1 
12,3 
18,1 
17,2 
10,5 
12,7 
34,1 
46,6 
37,9 
16,4 
32,1 
238,0 
519,9 
63,2 
9,9 
11,1 
21,0 
12,7 
22,1 
4,6 
8,0 
5.6 
4,3 
44,5 
950,4 
Payments 
199447 
8,2 
19,7 
0,0 
0,3 
0,6 
0,7 
0,8 
2,5 
3,1 
WMM8M 
3.1 
3,8 
8,4 
0,5 
2,0 
2,0 
1,4 
1,4 
5,7 
66,0 
0,0 
0,0 
3,3 
9,7 
10,0 | 34% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
75% 
85% 
84% 
56% 
66% 
36% 
56% 
40% 
35% 
28% 
31% 
27% 
32% 
13% 
42% 
36% 
36% 
30% 
44% 
WW 
12% 
31% 
40% 
30% 
30% 
28% 
30% 
30% 
.. ,:::::::: 
30% 
30% 
32% 
36% 
50% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
25% 
, 
0% 
0% 
30% 
30% 
28% 
200 
tftStfmttv* 
(year «* adoption} 
Deutschland/Nederiand: Ems-Dollard (1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Euregio (1995) 
(1995) 
Deutschland/Nederiand: Euregio Rhine-Waal (1995) 
6STERREICH 
Programmes 
{year of adoption} 
©fcfeaSiM 
SPD Burgenland (1995) 
Oblectfoaji 
SPD Niederosterreich 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Oberosterreich 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Steiermark 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Vorarlberg 1995-99 (1995) 
Total 
0b$ac$ve3 
SPD Osterreich (1995) 
Objective 4 
SPD Osterreich (1995) 
Obie^fv««(a}A«HcMHiire 
Forecasts Osterreich R. 2328/91 (1996) 
SPD Osterreich R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
Total 
Objective**} Fisheries 
SPD Osterreich (1995) 
:0«e*ith!*-.!&* 
SPD Niederosterreich (1995) 
SPD KSrnten (1995) 
SPD Oberosterreich (1995) 
SPD Salzburg (1995) 
SPD Steiermark (1995) 
SPD Tirol (1995) 
SPD Vorarlberg (1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 
m*m 
{yearof adoption} 
Mumm, 
Osterreich (1995) 
Employment . 
Osterreich (1995) 
Leader 
Karnten (1996) 
Niederosterreich (1996) 
Oberosterreich (1996) 
Networks (1996) 
Salzburg (1996) 
Steiermark (1996) 
Tirol (1996) 
Vorarlberg (1996) 
Burgenland (1995) 
Total 
$ME* 
Osterreich (1996) 
Recher 
Steiermark, Oberosterreich (1996) 
Reslder 
Steiermark, Niederosterreich, Oberosterreich (1996) 
Relax -
Niederosterreich, Steiermark and Vorarlberg (1996) 
Urban . . 
Graz (1996) 
Wien(1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 
Interfeomeaen . ... 
Italia/Osterreich (1997) 
Osterreich/Deutschland/Ellada/nalia: Central. Adriatic, 
Danubian and South-Eastem European Space (1997) 
Deutschland/Osterreich (1996) Total cost 
62,7 
53,6 
12,8 
23,2 
Total cost 
822,5 
199,2 
67,0 
467,6 
86,6 
820,3 
797,2 
175,0 
1.264,9 
941,7 
2.206,6 
15,6 
762.7 
404,8 
539,3 
104,2 
629,2 
181,3 
58,3 
2.679,9 
7.617,2 
Tote**o*v 
25,8 
49,4 
8,4 
14,0 
19,0 
0,5 
2,8 
14,9 
5,3 
1.0 
6,7 
72,7 
34,8 
7.0 
30,4 
16,2 
23,4 
31,9 
65,3 
291,5 
27,4 
36,8 
56,3 contrfb. 
m 
22,5 
22,0 
6,4 
11.5 
: 4. Funds 
eontrfot 
m 
165,6 
22,4 
10,8 
58,0 
9,9 
101,0 
341,3 
62,3 
334,6 
64,3 
398,9 
2,0 
111,6 
58,0 
98,5 
16,0 
85,3 
34,4 
7,2 
411,0 
1.482,1 
6, Funds 
contrltt, 
r, M„nJ 
11,6 
23,0 
2,9 
5,6 
4,9 
0,3 
0,8 
4,3 
1.7 
0.4 
2,6 
23,4 
9,0 
1.8 
5.2 
2,6 
3,6 
9,8 
13,4 
90,0 
11,8 
20,9 
24,6 Commitnteftt* 
1997 
0,0 
-2,2 
0,0 
o.o 
Commitments 
4997 
50,0 
0.0 
0,0 
11,6 
0,0 
11,6 
135,6 
20,9 
64,7 
5,4 
70,1 
0,0 
9,1 
10,0 
11,3 
3,2 
10,1 
5,4 
0,6 
49,7 
337,9 
Commitments 
1997 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
0.2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
0.7 
0,8 
0.0 
0,7 
0,0 
0,7 
2,6 
13,1 
20,9 
0,0 Comttrtmeftts 
199447 
£* 
22.5 
19,8 
6,4 
11,5 
Commitments 
199447 
83,8 
22,4 
10,8 
34,1 
9,9 
77,2 
265,3 
32,6 
171,0 
36,6 
207,6 
2,0 
43,0 
32,3 
41,4 
8,0 
36,3 
16,1 
2,6 
179,6 
848,1 
Commitment* 
1994-97 
••••••• ,&,,„ „ 
11.6 
-
23,0 
2,5 
4,5 
4,5 
0,3 
0,8 
4,3 
1,4 
0,4 
2,0 
20,5 
9,0 
1.8 
5.2 
2.6 
3,6 
9,8 
13,4 
87,1 
13,1 
20,9 
24,6 % 
Wr 
100% 
90% 
100% 
100% 
% 
51% 
100% 
100% 
59% 
100% 
76% 
78% 
52% 
51% 
57% 
62% 
100% 
39% 
56% 
42% 
50% 
43% 
* 47% 
36% 
44% 
57% 
„Mi 
100% 
100% 
85% 
80% 
91% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
80% 
100% 
78% 
88% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
-
100% 
100% 
100% 
97% 
110% 
100% 
100% Paymants 
1997 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,3 
Payments: 
1997 j 
28,7 
10,3 
3.2 
7,0 
3,6 
24,2 
95,4 
10,5 
68,8 
12,4 
81,2 
0.0 
16.0 
9,7 
16,7 
2,8 
10,1 
2.7 
0,6 
68,7 
298,7 
Payments: 
1997 : 
0.0 
6.9 
0.6 
0,6 
0,4 
0.0 
0.1 
0,4 
0,0 
0,1 
0.2 
2,4 
0.0 
0,4 
0.3 
0.6 
' 
0,2 
0,0 
0,2 
10,7 
' 
6,5 
10,5 
3,5 Payments 
199447 
m 
6,7 
6,6 
1.9 
3,7 
Payments 
199447 
m 
55.7 
17,9 
8,6 
22,8 
7.9 
67,2 
199,2 
19,9 
157,4 
31,7 
189,1 
1,0 
35,0 
19,3 
34,4 
5,6 
31,0 
10,0 
2.0 
137,2 
669,2 
Payment* 
199447 
t*||im; 
5,8 
18,4 
1.4 
1.9 
1,8 
0,1 
0,3 
1.6 
0.4 
0,2 
0,8 
8,5 
2.7 
0.9 
2.5 
1.9 
1,1 
4,9 
6,0 
46,6 
6,5 
10,5 
10,9 : % 
mn 
30% 
30% 
30% 
33% 
% 
34% 
80% 
80% 
39% 
80% 
67% 
58% 
32% 
47% 
49% 
47% 
50% 
31% 
33% 
35% 
35% 
36% 
29% 
28% 
33% 
44% 
% 
50% 
80% 
48% 
35% 
36% 
40% 
37% 
37% 
24% 
48% 
31% 
36% 
30% 
50% 
47% 
72% 
30% 
50% 
45% 
62% 
55% 
50% 
44% 
201 mHtottve 
(year «* adoption} 
Deutschland/Nederiand: Ems-Dollard (1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Euregio (1995) 
(1995) 
Deutschland/Nederiand: Euregio Rhine-Waal (1995) 
OSTERREICH 
Programmes 
^rear of adoption} 
©fcfeaSiM 
SPD Burgenland (1995) 
gfeftacjfefcft 
SPD Niederosterreich 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Oberosterreich 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Steiermark 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Vorarlberg 1995-99 (1995) 
Total 
0b$ac$ve3 
SPD Osterreich (1995) 
Objective 4 
SPD Osterreich (1995) 
Dbiw^sWAfltfcuftiire 
Forecasts Osterreich R. 2328/91 (1996) 
SPD Osterreich R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
Total 
Objective**} Fisheries 
SPD Osterreich (1995) 
:0«e*ith*.!&} 
SPD Nieder&sterreich (1995) 
SPD KSrnten (1995) 
SPD Oberosterreich (1995) 
SPD Salzburg (1995) 
SPD Steiermark (1995) 
SPD Tirol (1995) 
SPD Vorarlberg (1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 
m*m 
{yearoradoption} 
Mumm, 
Osterreich (1995) 
Employment . 
Osterreich (1995) 
Leader 
Karnten (1996) 
Niederosterreich (1996) 
Oberosterreich (1996) 
Networks (1996) 
Salzburg (1996) 
Steiermark (1996) 
Tirol (1996) 
Vorarlberg (1996) 
Burgenland (1995) 
Total 
$ME* 
Osterreich (1996) 
Recher 
Steiermark, Oberosterreich (1996) 
Restder 
Steiermark, Niederosterreich, Oberosterreich (1996) 
Relax -
Niederosterreich, Steiermark and Vorarlberg (1996) 
Urban . . 
Graz (1996) 
Wien(1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 
Interfeomeaen . ... 
Italia/Osterreich (1997) 
Osterreich/Deutschland/Ellada/nalia: Central. Adriatic, 
Danubian and South-Eastem European Space (1997) 
Deutschland/Osterreich (1996) Total cost 
62,7 
53,6 
12,8 
23,2 
Total cost 
822,5 
199,2 
67,0 
467,6 
86,6 
820,3 
797,2 
175,0 
1.264,9 
941,7 
2.206,6 
15,6 
762.7 
404,8 
539,3 
104,2 
629,2 
181,3 
58,3 
2.679,9 
7.617,2 
Tote**o*v 
25,8 
49,4 
8,4 
14,0 
19,0 
0,5 
2,8 
14,9 
5,3 
1.0 
6,7 
72,7 
34,8 
7.0 
30,4 
16,2 
23,4 
31,9 
65,3 
291,5 
27,4 
36,8 
56,3 contrfb. 
m 
22,5 
22,0 
6,4 
11.5 
: 4. Funds 
eontrfot 
m 
165,6 
22,4 
10,8 
58,0 
9,9 
101,0 
341,3 
62,3 
334,6 
64,3 
398,9 
2,0 
111,6 
58,0 
98,5 
16,0 
85,3 
34,4 
7,2 
411,0 
1.482,1 
£L Funds 
contrite 
r, M„nJ 
11,6 
23,0 
2,9 
5,6 
4,9 
0,3 
0,8 
4,3 
1.7 
0.4 
2,6 
23,4 
9,0 
1.8 
5.2 
2,6 
3,6 
9,8 
13,4 
90,0 
11,8 
20,9 
24,6 Commitnteftts 
1997 
0,0 
-2,2 
0,0 
o.o 
Commitments 
4997 
50,0 
0,0 
0,0 
11,6 
0,0 
11,6 
135,6 
20,9 
64,7 
5,4 
70,1 
0,0 
9,1 
10,0 
11,3 
3,2 
10,1 
5,4 
0,6 
49,7 
337,9 
Commitments 
1997 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
0.2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
0.7 
0,8 
0.0 
0,7 
0,0 
0,7 
2,6 
13,1 
20,9 
0,0 Com^rtmatiits 
199447 
£* 
22.5 
19,8 
6,4 
11,5 
Commitments 
199447 
83,8 
22,4 
10,8 
34,1 
9,9 
77,2 
265,3 
32,6 
171,0 
36,6 
207,6 
2,0 
43,0 
32,3 
41,4 
8,0 
36,3 
16,1 
2,6 
179,6 
848,1 
Commitment* 
199447 
• •••••• ,&,,„ „ 
11.6 
-
23,0 
2,5 
4,5 
4,5 
0,3 
0,8 
4,3 
1,4 
0,4 
2,0 
20,5 
9,0 
1.8 
5.2 
2.6 
3,6 
9,8 
13,4 
87,1 
13,1 
20,9 
24,6 % 
Wr 
100% 
90% 
100% 
100% 
% 
51% 
100% 
100% 
59% 
100% 
76% 
78% 
52% 
51% 
57% 
62% 
100% 
39% 
56% 
42% 
50% 
43% 
* 47% 
36% 
44% 
57% 
„Mi 
100% 
100% 
85% 
80% 
91% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
80% 
100% 
78% 
88% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
-
100% 
100% 
100% 
97% 
110% 
100% 
100% Paymants 
1997 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,3 
Payments: 
1997 j 
28,7 
10,3 
3.2 
7,0 
3,6 
24,2 
95,4 
10,5 
68,8 
12,4 
81,2 
0.0 
16.0 
9,7 
16,7 
2,8 
10,1 
2.7 
0,6 
68,7 
298,7 
Payments: 
1997 : 
0.0 
6.9 
0.6 
0,6 
0,4 
0.0 
0.1 
0,4 
0,0 
0,1 
0.2 
2,4 
0.0 
0,4 
0.3 
0.6 
' 
0,2 
0,0 
0,2 
10,7 
' 
6,5 
10,5 
3,5 Payments 
199447 
m 
6,7 
6,6 
1.9 
3,7 
Payments 
199447 
m 
55.7 
17,9 
8,6 
22,8 
7.9 
67,2 
199,2 
19,9 
157,4 
31,7 
189,1 
1,0 
35,0 
19,3 
34,4 
5,6 
31,0 
10,0 
2,0 
137,2 
669,2 
Payment* 
199447 
t*|iimi: 
5,8 
18,4 
1.4 
1.9 
1,8 
0,1 
0,3 
1.6 
0.4 
0,2 
0,8 
8,5 
2.7 
0.9 
2.5 
1.9 
1,1 
4,9 
6,0 
46,6 
6,5 
10,5 
10,9 : % 
mn 
30% 
30% 
30% 
33% 
% 
34% 
80% 
80% 
39% 
80% 
67% 
58% 
32% 
47% 
49% 
47% 
50% 
31% 
33% 
35% 
35% 
36% 
29% 
28% 
33% 
44% 
% 
50% 
80% 
48% 
35% 
36% 
40% 
37% 
37% 
24% 
48% 
31% 
36% 
30% 
50% 
47% 
72% 
30% 
50% 
45% 
62% 
55% 
50% 
44% 
201 
mm* 
(yearotadoptton* 
Osterreich/Hungary (1995) 
Osterreicn/Czech Republic (1995) 
Osterreich/Slovakia (1995) 
Osterreich/Slovenia (1995) 
PORTUGAL 
..-Proajntmme* 
|y4rtof adoption) 
Regional OPs 
OP Alqueva area (1997) 
OPApores(1994) 
OPAIentejo(1994) 
OPAIgarve(1994) 
OPCentro(1994) 
OP Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (1994) 
OP Madeira (1994) 
OP Norte (1994) 
MurUregional OPs 
GG Local investment (1995) 
OP Technical assistance (1994) 
OP Knowledge and Innovation (1994) 
OP Endogenous development (1994) 
OP Environment/urban renewal (1994) 
OP Training and employment (1994) 
OP Infrastructure (1994) 
OP Economic modernisation (1994) 
OPPrinest(1)(1994) 
OP Health and social integration (1994) 
Technical assistance 
TOTAL 
tttWativa 
{yaarof adoption* 
iilWapt 
Portugal (1995| 
Imtfbynaaf-
Portugal (1994) 
LaKdMr 
Portugal(1995) 
PW» 
Portugal (1994) 
:$MiB* , 
Portugal (1995) 
IrHtlttir 
Portugal (1995) 
**0& 
Portugal (1995) 
KOrnW 
Portugal (1995) 
ItesWar r 
Portugal (1994) 
Rate* 
Portugal (1993) 
$i$i#iiil$|^ 
Lisboa e Porto (1995) 
TOTAL 
jr^wii^aen 
Portugal. Drought prevention (1997) 
Espaha/Portugal (1995) 
Espafta/Portugal (REGEN natural gas) (1996) 
SUOMI/FINLAND 
*• I^<i9fa*irtrj»#a. 
fy*w of e<tepdoti* 
<Snt*/:f tw* lb 
SPD Suomi Finland 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Suomi Finland 1995-96 (1995) 
Total • Y&l&&m 
28,2 
12,1 
16,0 
22,6 
TC^COSi 
-
376,7 
872,9 
250,6 
101,9 
490,5 
517,2 
677,8 
729,5 
33,3 
135,6 
2.276,2 
941,6 
952,3 
1.912,8 
3.979,6 
10.492,7 
40,0 
942,3 
1.2 
25.724,8 
. Tivha •***& 
29,8 
61,8 
174,5 
53.2 
' 
238,6 
3,0 
161.5 
18,2 
14,9 
478,2 
iiilliliil 
69,6 
1.303,4 
8,4 
755,3 
548,2 
ToMwst 
743,6 
346,4 
1.090,0 ; 4,F*md* 
i toofeibv 
11,0 
4,5 
5,5 
9,0 
^8* Funds 
: sitOtltnOV 
'' Pfc • 
203,1 
647,0 
182,0 
76,0 
362,0 
382,0 
374,3 
541,1 
25,0 
101,7 
1.689,4 
401,9 
559,0 
1407,8 
1.997,9 
4.420,5 
30,0 
705,0 
1,1 
14.106,8 
S.ptmd* 
fà , • ''• 
21,4 
' , 
45,5 
130,9 
29,3 
125,4 
2,3 
126.5 
14.0 
9.1 
204,9 
50,0 
769,2 
6,2 
552,0 
220,0 
«•Ptmds 
] m 
135,3 
54,1 
189,4 Comwrtmwtt* 
Am > 
2.2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
fiioimntoisejit» 
39,0 
155.4 
36,5 
14,9 
78,1 
88,8 
55,0 
105,8 
0,0 
0,0 
166,5 
99,4 
246,4 
105,0 
352,2 
628,0 
0,0 
181,9 
0.3 
2.363,2 
^n^Hmerrt* 
Am 
0,4 
11,6 
39.9 
* 
1,8 
0,0 
1,4 
25,1 
6,1 
2,2 
0,0 
11,8 
100,2 
6,2 
0,0 
23,0 
Comtajtmants 
ym ' 
55,2 
1,7 
66,9 Commftmaftta 
199447 
to 
11.0 
4,5 
5.5 
9,0 
Commttroonts 
199447 
39,0 
528,6 
145,0 
59.4 
275,5 
288,8 
328,3 
423,3 
25,0 
44,0 
1.062,0 
181.5 
475,8 
672.3 
1.630,5 
2.957,4 
30,0 
502,9 
1.1 
9.870,6 
Comiitrtmajifi 
*#9447 
to , 
21,4 
21,2 
50,6 
29,3 
14,4 
2,2 
105,5 
14.0 
9.1 
194.8 
21,1 
483,5 
6,2 
240,2 
216,4 
OommJtmettU 
199447 
m 
55,2 
54,1 
109,3 % 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
•'IPWrt 
19% 
82% 
80% 
78% 
76% 
76% 
88% 
78% 
100% 
43% 
63% 
45% 
85% 
62% 
82% 
67% 
100% 
71% 
97% 
70% 
f¥m; 
100% 
47% 
39% 
100% 
12% 
.. 
99% 
83% 
100% 
100% 
95% 
42% 
64% 
100% 
44% 
98% 
% 
PKtt 
41% 
100% 
68% Payments 
1997 
0,7 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
Payment* 
1997 ^ 
19,5 
118,4 
47,9 
15,1 
51,0 
77,8 
79,1 
103,5 
0,0 
0,0 
198,5 
73,9 
115,7 
132,3 
628,9 
482,5 
7,6 
102,2 
0,0 
2.253,8 
4,4 
7,9 
20.5 
* 
2.2 
0,0 
0,4 
13.8 
7,2 
-
1.7 
10,0 
11,8 
80,0 
2,5 
50,5 
17,8 
PaytiWrjrf!*.! 
1*97' | 
27,6 
15,9 
43,6 payment* 
199447 
m 
3,3 
1.4 
1,7 
2,7 
Payments 
199447 
19,5 
437,0 
120,7 
53,2 
222,2 
229,3 
288,0 
349,7 
7,5 
31,0 
865,3 
135,9 
318,2 
685,6 
1.489,4 
2.287,3 
28,5 
383,1 
0.8 
7.952,6 
Payment* 
10,7 
12.9 
28,9 
8,8 
7.2 
1.1 
86.7 
11.2 
7* 
100,4 
16.4 
291,7 
2.5 
154.4 
180.3 
l**ym*ots-
{99447 ml. 
27.6 
45.7 
73,3 30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
; % 
10% 
68% 
66% 
70% 
61% 
60% 
77% 
65% 
30% 
30% 
51% 
34% 
57% 
49% 
75% 
52% 
95% 
54% 
67% 
66% 
% 
mn 
50% 
28% 
22% 
30% 
6% 
50% 
69% 
80% 
80% 
49% 
33% 
38% 
40% 
28% 
82% 
% 
20% 
84% 
39% mm* 
(yearotadoptton* 
Osterreich/Hungary (1995) 
Osterreicn/Czech Republic (1995) 
Osterreich/Slovakia (1995) 
Osterreich/Slovenia (1995) 
PORTUGAL 
•. -Programmes 
{yaW*? adoption) 
Regional OPs 
OP Alqueva area (1997) 
OPAgores(1994) 
OPAIentejo(1994) 
OPAIgarve(1994) 
OPCentro(1994) 
OP Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (1994) 
OP Madeira (1994) 
OP Norte (1994) 
MurUregional OPs 
GG Local investment (1995) 
OP Technical assistance (1994) 
OP Knowledge and Innovation (1994) 
OP Endogenous development (1994) 
OP Environment/urban renewal (1994) 
OP Training and employment (1994) 
OP Infrastructure (1994) 
OP Economic modernisation (1994) 
OPPrinest(1)(1994) 
OP Health and social integration (1994) 
Technical assistance 
TOTAL 
tttWativa 
{yaar^aooptton* 
i&topji 
Portugal (1995| 
Imtfbynaaf-
Portugal (1994) 
LaKdMr 
Portugal(1995) 
PW» 
Portugal (1994) 
:$MiB* , 
Portugal (1995) 
IrHtlttir 
Portugal (1995) 
**0& 
Portugal (1995) 
Hoover 
Portugal (1995) 
ItesWar r 
Portugal (1994) 
Rate* 
Portugal (1993) 
$i$i#iiil$|^ 
Lisboa e Porto (1995) 
TOTAL 
in^anii^aen 
Portugal. Drought prevention (1997) 
Espafta/Portugal (1995) 
Espafta/Portugal (REGEN natural gas) (1996) 
SUOMI/FINLAND 
*• l^<io^a*irtrj»#a. 
fy*w of adopdott* 
<Snt*/:f tw* lb 
SPD Suomi Finland 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Suomi Finland 1995-96 (1995) 
Total • Y&l&&m 
28,2 
12,1 
16,0 
22,6 
TC^COSi 
-
376,7 
872,9 
250,6 
101,9 
490,5 
517,2 
677,8 
729,5 
33,3 
135,6 
2.276,2 
941,6 
952,3 
1.912,8 
3.979,6 
10.492,7 
40,0 
942,3 
1.2 
25.724,8 
. Tivha •***& 
29,8 
61,8 
174,5 
53.2 
' 
238,6 
3,0 
161.5 
18,2 
14,9 
478,2 
iiilliliil 
69,6 
1.303,4 
8,4 
755,3 
548,2 
ToMvost 
743,6 
346,4 
1.090,0 ; 4. Fund* 
i toofeibv 
11,0 
4,5 
5,5 
9,0 
^8X Funds 
: sitOtltnOV 
'' Pfc • 
203,1 
647,0 
182,0 
76,0 
362,0 
382,0 
374,3 
541,1 
25,0 
101,7 
1.689,4 
401,9 
559,0 
1407,8 
1.997,9 
4.420,5 
30,0 
705,0 
1,1 
14.106,8 
S.ptmd* 
fà , • ''• 
21,4 
- , 
45,5 
130,9 
29,3 
125,4 
2,3 
126.5 
14.0 
9.1 
204,9 
50,0 
769,2 
6,2 
552,0 
220,0 
«•Ptmds 
] m 
135,3 
54,1 
189,4 Commrtmwtt* 
Am > 
2.2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
fiioimntoisejit» 
39,0 
155.4 
36,5 
14,9 
78,1 
88,8 
55,0 
105,8 
0,0 
0,0 
166,5 
99,4 
246,4 
105,0 
352,2 
628,0 
0,0 
181,9 
0.3 
2.363,2 
^n^Hmerrt* 
Am 
0,4 
11,6 
39.9 
* 
1,8 
0,0 
1,4 
25,1 
6,1 
2,2 
0,0 
11,8 
100,2 
6,2 
0,0 
23,0 
Comtajtmantg 
ym ' 
55,2 
1,7 
66,9 Commftmaftta 
199447 
to 
11.0 
4,5 
5.5 
9,0 
Commttroants 
199447 
39,0 
528,6 
145,0 
59.4 
275,5 
288,8 
328,3 
423,3 
25,0 
44,0 
1.062,0 
181.5 
475,8 
672.3 
1.630,5 
2.957,4 
30,0 
502,9 
1.1 
9.870,6 
Comiitrtniajifi 
*#9447 
to , 
21,4 
21,2 
50,6 
29,3 
14,4 
2,2 
105,5 
14.0 
9.1 
194.8 
21,1 
483,5 
6,2 
240,2 
216,4 
0ommJtme*fW 
199447 
m 
55,2 
54,1 
109,3 % 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
•'IPWrt 
19% 
82% 
80% 
78% 
76% 
76% 
88% 
78% 
100% 
43% 
63% 
45% 
85% 
62% 
82% 
67% 
100% 
71% 
97% 
70% 
100% 
47% 
39% 
100% 
12% 
.. 
99% 
83% 
100% 
100% 
95% 
42% 
64% 
100% 
44% 
98% 
% 
PKtt 
41% 
100% 
68% Payments 
1997 
0,7 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
Payment* 
1997 ^ 
19,5 
118,4 
47,9 
15,1 
51,0 
77,8 
79,1 
103,5 
0,0 
0,0 
198,5 
73,9 
115,7 
132,3 
628,9 
482,5 
7,6 
102,2 
0,0 
2.253,8 
4,4 
7,9 
20.5 
* 
2.2 
0,0 
0,4 
13.8 
7,2 
-
1.7 
10,0 
11,8 
80,0 
2,5 
50,5 
17,8 
PsytiWrti*.; 
1*97' | 
27,6 
15,9 
43,6 payment* 
199447 
m 
3,3 
1.4 
1,7 
2,7 
Payments 
199447 
19,5 
437,0 
120,7 
53,2 
222,2 
229,3 
288,0 
349,7 
7.5 
31,0 
865,3 
135,9 
318,2 
685,6 
1.489,4 
2.287,3 
28,5 
383,1 
0.8 
7.952,6 
Payment* 
18*447 
, 1^ 
10,7 
12.9 
28,9 
8,8 
7.2 
1.1 
86.7 
11.2 
7;3 
100,4 
16.4 
291,7 
2.5 
154.4 
180.3 
l*<rym*ots-
{99447 
ml. 
27.6 
45.7 
73,3 30% 
X% 
30% 
30% 
; % 
10% 
68% 
66% 
70% 
61% 
60% 
77% 
65% 
30% 
30% 
51% 
34% 
57% 
49% 
75% 
52% 
95% 
54% 
67% 
66% 
% 
mn 
50% 
28% 
22% 
30% 
6% 
50% 
69% 
80% 
80% 
49% 
33% 
38% 
40% 
28% 
82% 
% 
20% 
84% 
39% 
(1 ) Statistical infrastructure 
202 
(yearor adoption} 
Objective* ' 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
Objective* 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
0b|e<#Y*8<*}*flrfqum*re 
Forecasts Suomi Finland R 2328/91 (1996) 
SPD Suomi Finland R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
Total 
0Si«!tto<^1t»tato* 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
wSpMSSe19{OJt 
SPD Aland (1995) 
SPD Manner-Suomi (1995) 
Total 
WPfWCSvfnK wm tt 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
TOTAL 
fcjtiatiy* 
{year of adoption} 
IMS Suomi Finland (1995) 
Employment 
Suomi Finland (1995) 
:L**d#r 
Technical assistance - national network (1997) 
Suomi Finland (Objective 5(b)) (1996) 
Suomi Finland (Objective 6) (1996) 
Total 
iPysd* 
Suomi Finland (1996) 
SMEs • 
Suomi Finland (1996) 
iu'fta* 
Helsinki/Vantaa(l997) 
Joensuu(1996) 
Total 
TOTAL 
ina^o^ftegofl 
Darvnark/Deutschland/Suomi Finland/Sverige Baltic Sea 
(1997) 
Suomi Finland/Baltic States: coastal area, Southern 
Finland (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Russia Karelia (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Russia South-east Finland (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: North Calotte (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: Kvarken and Mittskandia 
(1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige: Islands (1996) 
Sverige/Suomi Finland/Norway/Russia: Barents Sea 
(1996) 
SVERIGE 
Programme* 
{year of adoption} 
0fiiarshn%3i 
SPD Angerlandskusten 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Bergslagen 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Blekinge 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Fyrstad 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Noma Norrtandskusten 1995-99 (1995) 
Total 
SPD Sverige (1995) 
QbftoBuVik^ 
SPD Sverige (1996) 
Objective «ta)Agricurt«r* 
Forecasts Sverige R. 2328/91 (1996) 
SPD Sverige R. 866 and 867/90 (1996) 
Total 
ObJeCttv* 6(a} Fisheries 
SPD Sverige (1995) Total cost 
' 
931,3 
318,5 
1.153,9 
359,2 
1.613,1 
78,5 
10,3 
613,8 
624,0 
1.316,9 
6.872,2 
Tot** COS* 
51,2 
73,7 
0,5 
44,3 
32,1 
77,0 
8,8 
27,9 
10,2 
5,3 
16,5 
254,0 
47,5 
22,7 
31,8 
40,7 
29,2 
14,6 
9.5 
23,4 
Total «OSt 
89,5 
321,4 
85,8 
145,5 
161,2 
803,4 
771,0 
612,6 
304,6 
187,8 
492,4 
120,4 $-*Wn4$ 
contrfb. 
' 
258.4 
87,6 
294,2 
43,1 
337,3 
23.0 
2.6 
191,4 
194,0 
459,9 
1.649,6 
• comyibx-
23.6 
33.2 
0,2 
16,2 
11,9 
28,3 
3.4 
« 
11,1 
3,9 
4,0 
7,9 
107,6 
25,0 
6,1 
13,9 
9.6 
12,2 
6,6 
4.0 
10.5 
£, Funds: 
eontrib. : 
18,0 
67,0 
15.0 
24,0 
36,0 
160,0 
347.0 
173.0 
79,7 
23,5 
103,2 
41,4 <^mrnHment* 
1*97 
71,9 
21,9 
55,0 
12,1 
67,1 
0.0 
0,0 
36,9 
36,9 
114,1 
368,8 
£*tmttfto»a*!$* 
mt 
3,9 
4.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
0,0 
0.0 
3.7 
2.5 
0,8 
3,4 
14,9 
25,0 
2,0 
3,4 
1,9 
3,4 
1.6 
0.4 
3,8 
Commitments 
1997 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
92,6 
0,0 
13,0 
0,8 
13,8 
0,2 <*»mm«merrts 
: 199447 
to 
167,2 
45,5 
162,8 
19,0 
181,9 
' 
23,0 
2,6 
83,3 
86,9 
272,3 
886,1 
Comm|tm*u{* 
199447 -
[,„.„„,#,';,„„„ 
23,6 
33,2 
0,0 
16,2 
11.9 
28,1 
3.4 
11.1 
2,5 
4,0 
6,6 
106,8 
25,0 
6.1 
13,9 
9,6 
12,2 
6,6 
4,0 
10,5 
Commrtroem* 
199447 
18,0 
12,8 
15,0 
24.0 
36,0 
106,8 
165,6 
37,5 
42,2 
11,8 
54,0 
40,2 mn 
65% 
52% 
55% 
44% 
64% 
100% 
100% 
44% 
44% 
59% 
67% 
100% 
100% 
. 0% 
100% 
100% 
99% 
100% 
100% 
65% 
100% 
82% 
98% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
% 
100% 
19% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
66% 
-
48% 
22% 
53% 
50% 
62% 
97% payments 
1997 
! 53,0 
! 15,1 
99,0 
10,3 
109,3 
-
11.5 
0,6 
30,2 
30,7 
81,1 
344,3 
JNjW#n& 
1997 ! 
0.0 
, , , *» 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
1,1 
1,3 
0,4 
1,7 
6,7 
12,5 
0,6 
1,0 
0,6 
3,3 
1.8 
0,2 
3.1 
Payments: 
1997 i 
7,1 
2,7 
6,2 
3,8 
5,7 
25,6 
-
68,5 
0.0 
10,0 
4,0 
14,0 
, 
20,0 payments 
199447 
104,3 
[ 28,0 
150,8 
15,8 
166,7 
16,4 
1,4 
53,0 
64,3 
163,7 
608,6 
Payment* 
199447 
,$?„,„• 
9,9 
18,5 
0,0 
4,8 
3,6 
8,4 
1.1 
3,3 
1,3 
2,0 
3,3 
44,5 
12.5 
1.8 
4,2 
2.9 
3,7 
2,0 
1,2 
3,1 
Payments 
199447 
m 
13,3 
9.1 
11.2 
12,0 
18,0 
63,6 
105,0 
18.8 
, i Yi, 
39,3 
9.4 
48,7 
32,0 | 40% 
32% 
51% 
37% 
49% 
80% 
52% 
28% 
28% 
' 
36% 
39% 
42% 
56% 
0% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
33% 
30% 
32% 
50% 
41% 
41% 
50% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
74% 
14% 
75% 
50% 
50% 
40% 
30% 
11% 
49% 
40% 
47% 
77% (ysearot adoption} 
Objective* ' 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
Objective* 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
£fefc^lfe}*gtfcu!ftff» 
Forecasts Suomi Finland R 2328/91 (1996) 
SPD Suomi Finland R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
Total 
Object •mstttrfe* 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
wSpMSSe19{OJt 
SPD Aland (1995) 
SPD Manner-Suomi (1995) 
Total 
WPfWCSvfnK wm tt 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
TOTAL 
fcJtiatiy* 
{year of adoption} 
IMS Suomi Finland (1995) 
Employment 
Suomi Finland (1995) 
iUftdftr 
Technical assistance - national network (1997) 
Suomi Finland (Objective 5(b)) (1996) 
Suomi Finland (Objective 6) (1996) 
Total 
iPdscri-
Suomi Finland (1996) 
SMEs • 
Suomi Finland (1996) 
iu'fta* 
Helsinki/Vantaa(l997) 
Joensuu(1996) 
Total 
TOTAL 
ina^o^ftegofl 
Darvnark/Deutschland/Suomi Finland/Sverige Baltic Sea 
(1997) 
Suomi Finland/Baltic States: coastal area, Southern 
Finland (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Russia Karelia (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Russia South-east Finland (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: North Calotte (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: Kvarken and Mittskandia 
(1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige: Islands (1996) 
Sverige/Suomi Finland/Norway/Russia: Barents Sea 
(1996) 
SVERIGE 
Programme* 
{year of adoption} 
0fiiarshn%3i 
SPD Angerlandskusten 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Bergslagen 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Blekinge 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Fyrstad 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Norra Norrtandskusten 1995-99 (1995) 
Total 
SPD Sverige (1995) 
Qbje£fntie4 
SPD Sverige (1996) 
Objective***) Agricurtttr* 
Forecasts Sverige R. 2328/91 (1996) 
SPD Sverige R. 866 and 867/90 (1996) 
Total 
ObJeCttv* 6(a} Fisheries 
SPD Sverige (1995) Total cost 
' 
931,3 
318,5 
1.153,9 
359,2 
1.613,1 
78,5 
10,3 
613,8 
624,0 
1.316,9 
6.872,2 
Tot** cost 
51,2 
73,7 
0,5 
44,3 
32,1 
77,0 
8,8 
27,9 
10,2 
5,3 
16,5 
254,0 
47,5 
22,7 
31,8 
40,7 
29,2 
14,6 
9.5 
23,4 
Total «OSt 
89,5 
321,4 
85,8 
145,5 
161,2 
803,4 
771,0 
612,6 
304,6 
187,8 
492,4 
120,4 Svfwnrfc 
contrfb. 
' 
258.4 
87,6 
294,2 
43,1 
337,3 
23.0 
2.6 
191,4 
194,0 
459,9 
1.649,6 
• contrilx 
23.6 
33.2 
0,2 
16,2 
11,9 
28,3 
3.4 
« 
11,1 
3,9 
4,0 
7,9 
107,6 
25,0 
6,1 
13,9 
9.6 
12,2 
6,6 
4.0 
10.5 
£, Funds: 
eontrib. : 
18,0 
67,0 
15.0 
24,0 
36,0 
160,0 
347.0 
173.0 
79,7 
23,5 
103,2 
41,4 <^rrwHment* 
1*97 
71,9 
21,9 
55,0 
12,1 
67,1 
0.0 
0,0 
36,9 
36,9 
114,1 
368,8 
c^nrniitment* 
mt 
3,9 
4.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
0,0 
0.0 
3.7 
2.5 
0,8 
3,4 
14,9 
25,0 
2,0 
3,4 
1,9 
3,4 
1.6 
0.4 
3,8 
Commitment* 
1987 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
92,6 
0,0 
13,0 
0,8 
13,8 
0,2 <*»mmlfmerrts 
: 199447 
to 
167,2 
45,5 
162,8 
19,0 
181,9 
' 
23,0 
2,6 
83,3 
86,9 
272,3 
886,1 
Commltm*u{* 
199447 -
[,„.„„,#,';,„„„ 
23,6 
33.2 
0,0 
16,2 
11.9 
28,1 
3.4 
11.1 
2,5 
4,0 
6,6 
106,8 
25,0 
6.1 
13,9 
9,6 
12,2 
6,6 
4,0 
10,5 
Commrtroem* 
199447 
18,0 
12,8 
15,0 
24.0 
36,0 
106,8 
165,6 
37,5 
42,2 
11,8 
54,0 
40,2 mn 
65% 
52% 
55% 
44% 
64% 
100% 
100% 
44% 
44% 
59% 
67% 
100% 
100% 
. 0% 
100% 
100% 
99% 
100% 
100% 
65% 
100% 
82% 
98% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
% 
100% 
19% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
66% 
-
48% 
22% 
53% 
50% 
62% 
97% payments 
1997 
! 53,0 
! 15,1 
99,0 
10,3 
109,3 
-
11.5 
0,6 
30,2 
30,7 
81,1 
344,3 
JNjW#n& 
1967 j 
0.0 
,,, w 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
1,1 
1,3 
0,4 
1,7 
6,7 
12,5 
0,6 
1,0 
0,6 
3,3 
1.8 
0,2 
3.1 
Payments: 
1997 i 
7,1 
2,7 
6,2 
3,8 
5,7 
25,6 
-
68,5 
0.0 
10,0 
4.0 
14,0 
, 
20,0 payments 
199447 
104,3 
[ 28,0 
150,8 
15,8 
166,7 
16,4 
1,4 
53,0 
64,3 
163,7 
608,6 
Paymant* 
199447 
,$?„,„• 
9,9 
18.5 
0.0 
4,8 
3,6 
8,4 
1.1 
3.3 
1,3 
2,0 
3,3 
44,5 
12.5 
1.8 
4,2 
2,9 
3,7 
2,0 
1,2 
3,1 
Payments 
199447 
m 
13,3 
9.1 
11.2 
12,0 
18,0 
63,6 
105,0 
18.8 
, i Yi, 
39,3 
9.4 
48,7 
32,0 | 40% 
32% 
51% 
37% 
49% 
80% 
52% 
28% 
28% 
' 
36% 
39% 
42% 
56% 
0% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
33% 
30% 
32% 
50% 
41% 
41% 
50% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
74% 
14% 
75% 
50% 
50% 
40% 
30% 
11% 
49% 
40% 
47% 
77% 
203 
Programmes 
{year «i adoption} 
Oblecthre^b} 
SPD Gotland (1996) 
SPD Skargarden (1996) 
SPD Sydostra Sverige (1996) 
SPD VasterbotterVO&vle/Dala (1996) 
SPD Vastra Sverige (1996) 
Total 
i^pS^PI^wlif^R.™ 
SPD Sverige (1995) 
TOTAL 
- mitiative , '" 
{yeafofadoption} 
Ad»pt ; ; 
Sverige (1995) 
§m&to!Mm& 
Sverige (1995) 
:jLeader 
National network (1997) 
Sverige (Objective 5(b)) (1996) 
Sverige (Objective 6) (1996) 
Total 
Pofca 
Sverige (1996) 
fPSwflf 
Sverige (1996) 
iKiwwir.".'.'.'... 
Kartskoga, Karisborg (1996) 
:urt>*»> 
Malmo (1996) 
TOTAL 
jfiferr48i$!Hl*n 
Danmark/Deutschland/Suomi Finland/Svenge Baltic Sea 
(1997) 
United KingdonVDanmark/Sverige/Nederiand/ 
Deutschland North Sea (1997) 
Danmark/Sverige (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: North Cape (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norvege: Kvarken and 
Mittskandia (1996) 
Suomi Rnland/Sverige: Islands (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: Nordic Green Belt (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: QQteborg/Bohus/Alvsborg (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: Inner Scandinavia (1996) 
Sverige/Suomi Finland/Norway/Russia Barents Sea 
(1996) Total cost 
50,1 
30,3 
327,0 
199,7 
120,1 
727,1 
635,0 
4.162,0 
. Total cost 
28.3 
50,7 
0,5 
71,8 
14,1 
86,4 
10.5 
48,8 
11,4 
11,9 
248,1 
47.5 
30,3 
28.0 
29,2 
14,6 
9,5 
13,0 
13,0 
10,8 
23,4 ; &*»»n4* 
: contrfb. 
m 
11.2 
7,2 
49,0 
42,9 
X.7 
141,0 
252.0 
1.217,6 
A. Funds"; 
ttintlflo*-
13.1 
24,0 
' 
0,2 
12,1 
4,0 
16,4 
4.0 
17,2 
3,3 
5,0 
82,9 
25,0 
14,5 
13,0 
12,2 
6,6 
4.0 
5.5 
5,5 
4,5 
10,5 <^rwortm*rrts 
1997 
0,0 
0,0 
4,6 
0,0 
0,0 
4,6 
23,7 
134,9 
Commitments 
1987 
1.8 
3,3 
0,2 
2,1 
0,7 
3,0 
0.0 
4.2 
0.7 
1,8 
14,9 
25,0 
14,5 
2,4 
3,4 
1,6 
0,4 
2,4 
1.0 
1,4 
3,8 Comrnrtmeflts 
i 199447 
M 
11,2 
7,2 
12,5 
8,0 
30,7 
69,6 
80,1 
662,7 
Comm)tmoot9 
199447 
13,1 
24,0 
0.2 
12,1 
4,0 
16,4 
4.0 
17,2 
3.3 
-
5,0 
82,9 
25,0 
14.5 
13,0 
12,2 
6,6 
4,0 
5,5 
5.5 
4,5 
10.5 : % 
100% 
100% 
25% 
19% 
100% 
49% 
32% 
46% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
, 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% Payment* 
1997 
2,3 
0,0 
5,0 
0,9 
9.1 
17,4 
28,6 
174,0 
Petyttlfttytt-: 
0.9 
* 
ZZ'ti 
0,1 
0,6 
0,2 
0,9 
„ °'° 
, .,!* 
0.4 
0,5 
6,7 
12,5 
0,0 
0,7 
3.3 
1.8 
0,2 
0,7 
0,3 
0,4 
3,1 Payments 
199447 
m 
5,7 
2,1 
9,0 
4,9 
18,3 
40,0 
60,0 
368,1 
Payments 
*984*ev 
6,5 
r 
12,0 
0,1 
3.6 
1.2 
4,9 
1'2 
. ,,5'2 
1,1 
1.5 
32,6 
12,5 
0,0 
3,9 
3,7 
2.0 
1.2 
1,7 
1.7 
1,4 
3.1 : % 
•k 
50% 
30% 
18% 
11% 
60% 
28% 
24% 
30% 
Ins.. 
50% 
50% 
40% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
34% 
30% 
39% 
50% 
0% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
Programmes 
(yea* of adoption) 
DMK*iy*1 
SPD Highlands and Islands (1994) 
SPD Northern Ireland (1994) 
SPD Merseyside (1994) 
Technical assistance 
Total 
Ofejactivea 
SPD East London and the Lee Valley 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD East Midlands 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Eastern Scotland 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Gibraltar 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Cheshire 1997-99 
(1997) 
SPD Industrial South Wales 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD North East England 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Plymouth 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Thanet 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD West Cumbria and Furness 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD West Midlands 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Western Scotland 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Yorkshire and Humberside 1997-99 (1997) !**** 
1.014,2 
2.267,4 
2114,7 
0,2 
6.396,6 
250,0 
284,5 
326,5 
13,8 
1.031,3 
629,3 
973,6 
87,5 
81,8 
78,6 
1.045,2 
804,8 
1.012,1 $.Puft4* 
£ailW(*» 
ffi. 
311,0 
1.242,2 
832,8 
0,2 
2.386,3 
101,7 
113,7 
139,9 
6,1 
404,9 
254,4 
378,4 
38,6 
22.4 
32,4 
448,2 
334,5 
400,7 <ttttimNmettt$ 
43,5 
257,0 
152,0 
0,1 
452,6 
21,6 
36,7 
47,5 
6,1 
57,7 
57,3 
66,4 
38,6 
22,4 
32,4 
93.1 
74.0 
129,4 Commitments 
-+ 
168,3 
883,9 
438,4 
0,2 
1.490,8 
21,6 
36,7 
47,5 
6.1 
57,7 
57,3 
66,4 
38,6 
22.4 
32.4 
93,1 
74,0 
129,4 54% 
71% 
53% 
100% 
62% 
21% 
32% 
34% 
100% 
14% 
23% 
18% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
21% 
22% 
32% Payments 
1997 
37,8 
137,7 
125.9 
0,0 
301,4 
10,8 
18,4 
23,8 
3,0 
28,9 
28,7 
33,2 
19,3 
11.2 
16.2 
26,5 
37,0 
64,7 Peymefrt* 
199447 
132,4 
627,4 
357,4 
0,1 
1.117,2 
10,8 
18,4 
23,8 
3.0 
28,9 
28,7 
33,2 
19,3 
11,2 
16.2 
26,5 
37,0 
64.7 43% 
51% 
43% 
22% 
47% 
11% 
16% 
17% 
50% 
7% 
11% 
9% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
6% 
11% 
16% 
204 Programmes 
{year «i adoption} 
Ofciatffeffti 
SPD Gotland (1996) 
SPD Skargarden (1996) 
SPD Sydostra Sverige (1996) 
SPD Vasterbotten/Gavle/Dala (1996) 
SPD Vastra Sverige (1996) 
Total 
i^pS^PI^wlif^R.™ 
SPD Sverige (1995) 
TOTAL 
- mroativa , " 
^yaarofadoption} 
Adapt ; ; 
Sverige (1995) 
§m&to!Mm& 
Sverige (1995) 
iLeader 
National network (1997) 
Sverige (Objective 5(b)) (1996) 
Sverige (Objective 6) (1996) 
Total 
Pafca 
Sverige (1996) 
fPSwflf 
Sverige (1996) 
iKiwwir.".'.'.'... 
Kartskoga, Karisborg (1996) 
:urt>«> 
Malmo (1996) 
TOTAL 
jfiferr48i$!Hl*n 
Danmark/Deutschland/Suomi Finland/Svenge Baltic Sea 
(1997) 
United Kingdom/Danmark/Sverige/Nederiand/ 
Deutschland North Sea (1997) 
Danmark/Sverige (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: North Cape (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norvege: Kvarken and 
Mittskandia (1996) 
Suomi Rnland/Sverige: Islands (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: Nordic Green Belt (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: GQteborg/Bohus/Alvsborg (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: Inner Scandinavia (1996) 
Sverige/Suomi Finland/Norway/Russia Barents Sea 
(1996) Total cost 
50,1 
30,3 
327,0 
199,7 
120,1 
727,1 
635,0 
4.162,0 
. Total cost 
28.3 
50,7 
0,5 
71,8 
14,1 
86,4 
10.5 
48,8 
11,4 
11,9 
248,1 
47.5 
30,3 
28.0 
29,2 
14,6 
9,5 
13,0 
13,0 
10,8 
23,4 ! $.*W49-
: contrfb. 
m 
11.2 
7,2 
49,0 
42,9 
X.7 
141,0 
252.0 
1.217,6 
A. Fund*': 
13.1 
24,0 
' 
0,2 
12,1 
4,0 
16,4 
4.0 
17,2 
3,3 
5,0 
82,9 
25,0 
14,5 
13,0 
12,2 
6,6 
4.0 
5.5 
5,5 
4,5 
10,5 <^mmrtmerrts 
1997 
o.o 
0,0 
4,6 
0,0 
0,0 
4,6 
23,7 
134,9 
Commitments 
1997 
1.8 
3,3 
0,2 
2,1 
0,7 
3,0 
0.0 
4.2 
0.7 
1,8 
14,9 
25,0 
14,5 
2,4 
3,4 
1,6 
0,4 
2,4 
1.0 
1,4 
3,8 Comrnrtmeflts 
i 199447 
M 
11,2 
7,2 
12,5 
8,0 
30,7 
69,6 
80,1 
662,7 
Comm)tmont9 
199447 
13,1 
24,0 
0.2 
12,1 
4,0 
16,4 
4.0 
17,2 
3.3 
-
5,0 
82,9 
25,0 
14,5 
13,0 
12,2 
6,6 
4,0 
5,5 
5.5 
4,5 
10.5 : % 
100% 
100% 
25% 
19% 
100% 
49% 
32% 
46% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
, 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% p*yfM*wt* 
1997 
2,3 
0,0 
5,0 
0,9 
9.1 
17,4 
28,6 
174,0 
PAytlWI^Bj 
0.9 
* 
ZZ'ti 
0,1 
0,6 
0,2 
0,9 
„ °'° 
, .,!* 
0.4 
0,5 
6,7 
12,5 
0,0 
0,7 
3.3 
1.8 
0,2 
0,7 
0,3 
0,4 
3,1 Payments 
199447 
m 
5,7 
2,1 
9,0 
4,9 
18,3 
40,0 
60,0 
368,1 
iPayments 
*984*ev 
'"ft ' 
6,5 
r 
12,0 
0,1 
3.6 
1.2 
4,9 
1'2 
. ,,5'2 
1,1 
1.5 
32,6 
12,5 
0,0 
3,9 
3,7 
2.0 
1.2 
1.7 
1.7 
1.4 
3.1 : * 
•k 
50% 
30% 
18% 
11% 
60% 
28% 
24% 
30% 
Ins.. 
50% 
50% 
40% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
34% 
30% 
39% 
50% 
0% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
UNITED KINGDOM 
Programmes 
(year of adoption} 
DMK*iy*1 
SPD Highlands and Islands (1994) 
SPD Northern Ireland (1994) 
SPD Merseyside (1994) 
Technical assistance 
Total 
0fejacti*e2 
SPD East London and the Lee Valley 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD East Midlands 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Eastern Scotland 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Gibraltar 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Cheshire 1997-99 
(1997) 
SPD Industrial South Wales 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD North East England 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Plymouth 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Thanet 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD West Cumbria and Furness 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD West Midlands 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Western Scotland 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Yorkshire and Humberside 1997-99 (1997) :****»* 
1.014,2 
2.267,4 
2114,7 
0,2 
6.396,6 
250,0 
284,5 
326,5 
13,8 
1.031,3 
629,3 
973,6 
87,5 
81,8 
78,6 
1.045,2 
804,8 
1.012,1 $.Pund* 
£ailW(*» 
ffi. 
311.0 
1.242.2 
832,8 
0,2 
2.386,3 
101,7 
113,7 
139,9 
6,1 
404,9 
254,4 
378,4 
38,6 
22.4 
32,4 
448,2 
334,5 
400,7 <ttnjimNmettt$ 
1#9T 
43,5 
257,0 
152,0 
0,1 
452,6 
21,6 
36,7 
47,5 
6,1 
57,7 
57,3 
66,4 
38,6 
22,4 
32,4 
93.1 
74.0 
129,4 Cftmmttm^nii* 
-+ 
168,3 
883,9 
438,4 
0,2 
1.490,8 
21,6 
36,7 
47,5 
6.1 
57,7 
57,3 
66,4 
38,6 
22.4 
32.4 
93,1 
74,0 
129,4 54% 
71% 
53% 
100% 
62% 
21% 
32% 
34% 
100% 
14% 
23% 
18% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
21% 
22% 
32% Payments 
1997 
37,8 
137,7 
125.9 
0,0 
301,4 
10,8 
18,4 
23,8 
3,0 
28,9 
28,7 
33,2 
19,3 
11.2 
16.2 
26,5 
37,0 
64,7 Peymefrt* 
199447 
132,4 
627,4 
357,4 
0,1 
1.117,2 
10,8 
18,4 
23,8 
3.0 
28,9 
28,7 
33,2 
19,3 
11,2 
16.2 
26,5 
37,0 
64.7 43% 
51% 
43% 
22% 
47% 
11% 
16% 
17% 
50% 
7% 
11% 
9% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
6% 
11% 
16% 
204 
Pn^fimmm 
(yearof adoption} 
SPD East London and the Lee Valley 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD East Midlands 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Eastern Scotland 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Gibraltar 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Cheshire 1994-96 
(1994) 
SPD Industrial South Wales 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD North East England 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Plymouth 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Thanet 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD West Cumbria and Furness 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD West Midlands 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Western Scotland 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Yorkshire and Humberside 1994-96 (1994) 
Total 
m*m** SPD United Kingdom (1996) 
SPD United Kingdom (1994) 
Total 
Ob|e^v««^IAgrl<iuiwe 
Forecasts United Kingdom R 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD United Kingdom R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
Total 
Ottfec%e6&m<her)e* 
SPD United Kingdom (1994) 
*iw!a»nm8B3» 
SPD Borders Region (1995) 
SPD Central Scotland /Tayside (1995) 
SPD Dumfries and Ga"lloway (1995) 
SPD Grampian (1995) 
SPD Lincolnshire (1995) 
SPD Wales (1995) 
SPD East Anglia (1994) 
SPD English Northern Uplands (1994) 
SPD South West England (1994) 
SPD English Midland Uplands (1995) 
SPD The Marches (1995) ' 
Total 
TOTAL 
. , ' , mtfatjve ; 
{year o« adoption^ 
Adapt 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
United Kingdom (1995) 
Total 
ili^jjiiifiiiijiiim^ 
Northern Ireland (1994) 
United Kingdom (1994) 
Total 
Leader 
England (1995) 
Highlands and Islands (1995) 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
Scotland (1995) 
Wales (1995) 
Total 
Pesca. \. 
United Kingdom (1995) ] 
*M6* 
England Obj 5(b) areas (1997) 
England Obj. 2 areas (1997) 
Merseyside (1997) 
Highlands (1995) 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
Scotland (1995) 
Wales (1995) 
Total 
W^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^imMi^^ 
East Midlands (1995) 
Eastern Scotland (1995) 
North East England (1995) 
North West England (1995) total cost 
187,6 
195,2 
287,0 
13,5 
818,8 
400.9 
729.0 
61.6 
25,2 
62,2 
983,8 
759,8 
738,0 
11.881,7 
3.662,0 
4.012,4 
7.674,4 
600,7 
204,7 
805,4 
240,8 
76,6 
64,0 
125,3 
96,2 
133,6 
488,2 
132,4 
262,3 
514,3 
33,3 
90,8 
2.017,0 
28.015,8 
Totatcvst 
5,5 
676,4 
681,9 
19,5 
466,8 
486,3 
57,8 
27,9 
31,5 
24,4 
18,8 
160,4 
84,7 
24,6 
74,1 
9,8 
7,0 
12,5 
19.7 
5,2 
153,0 
110,1 
25,3 
56,8 
18,0 : S, funds 
contrfb. 
(1) 
73,2 
66,2 
117,9 
5,1 
332,2 
151,1 
291,9 
27,1 
8,9 
24,2 
372,8 
262,1 
284,8 
4.693,2 
1.655,4 
1.522,1 
3.177,5 
137,7 
51,2 
188,9 
88,7 
30,4 
25,4 
47,7 
39,5 
53,7 
184,0 
60,0 
108,0 
219.0 
12,2 
40,6 
820,5 
11.355,0 
&Fdfto> 
oomyib^ \ 
m 
3.5 
313,3 
316,8 
12,8 
181,0 
193,8 
25,8 
12,0 
11.4 
8,4 
8,6 
66,2 
37,4 
11,3 
32,4 
4,9 
3,0 
6,2 
8,5 
2,3 
68,7 
46,8 
11,6 
26,0 
8,1 Commitments 
1997 
0,0 
-3,9 
-1.4 
0,0 
-1,5 
0.5 
-6,2 
0,0 
-0,4 
-0,5 
-2,2 
-2,4 
-21,4 
643,8 
551,3 
-0,1 
561,2 
26,2 
0,0 
26,2 
0,0 
9.2 
4.1 
16,3 
12,2 
5,6 
54,1 
7,7 
11,7 
26,1 
3,1 
4,4 
154,3 
1.828,1 
Commitments 
1997 
0,4 
0,0 
0,4 
0,9 
41.1 
42,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
6,1 
9,3 
27,3 
4,2 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
40,9 
33,9 
0,9 
2,2 
1,0 Commitments 
189447 
to 
73,2 
66,2 
117,9 
5.1 
332,2 
151,1 
291,9 
28.6 
11,3 
24,2 
372,8 
262,1 
284,8 
2.704,4 
1.081,0 
1 522,0 
2.603,0 
88,0 
38,6 
126,6 
44,3 
18,0 
8,8 
30,5 
23.4 
14,6 
104,1 
16,3 
39,4 
81,9 
5,1 
15,9 
368,0 
7.327,1 
Oommftmeftt* 
199447 
(2J 
3,5 
69.1 
72,6 
12,8 
79,0 
91,8 
25.8 
12,0 
11.4 
8.4 
8,6 
66,2 
37,4 
9,3 
27,3 
4.2 
3.0 
6.2 
8.5 
2.3 
61,0 
39,1 
10,9 
25,6 
7.9 % 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
105% 
126% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
58% 
65% 
100% 
82% 
64% 
75% 
67% 
50% 
59% 
35% 
64% 
59% 
27% 
57% 
27% 
36% 
37% 
42% 
39% 
44% 
66% 
% 
100% 
22% 
23% 
100% 
44% 
47% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
83% 
84% 
86% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
89% 
84% 
95% 
99% 
98% Payments 
1997 
22,3 
14,6 
2,1 
0,2 
151,9 
54,1 
72,7 
-0,4 
-2,5 
1.8 
152,6 
4,8 
111,5 
907,3 
288,6 
0,0 
288,6 
21,4 
0,0 
21,4 
20,4 
5,0 
3,4 
10,5 
7,3 
5,9 
21,7 
5,8 
16.7 
26.1 
1.7 
5.9 
110,0 
1.649f1 
P*<y*rt.a.rt!ft: 
mt \ 
0,8 
0,0 
0,8 
4,0 
32,5 
36,4 
0,0 
3,3 
0,0 
2.8 
3,7 
9,8 
6,8 
4.7 
13.7 
2,1 
0,0 
1,9 
0,0 
0,0 
22,3 
18,2 
1,1 
1,1 
0,8 Payments 
199447 
57,6 
55.4 
99,5 
4,2 
276,7 
130,8 
246,1 
22,8 
5,1 
19,8 
309,9 
216,2 
232,0 
1.997,7 
288,6 
1.400,3 
1.688,8 
66,3 
30,9 
97,2 
40,5 
12,2 
7,3 
20,0 
15,8 
11.1 
56,2 
10,4 
33,6 
68,5 
3,0 
12,9 
250,9 
6.192,3 
l**yra#nt* 
199447 
1.8 
26,6 
28,4 
9,7 
64,0 
73,7 
7,5 
6,9 
3,1 
5,4 
6,5 
29,4 
11,2 
4,7 
13,7 
2,1 
1,0 
5,0 
2,7 
0.7 
29,8 
20,8 
6.1 
12,8 
4,3 : * 
79% 
84% 
84% 
84% 
83% 
87% 
84% 
84% 
57% 
82% 
83% 
82% 
81% 
43% 
17% 
92% 
63% 
48% 
60% 
51% 
46% 
40% 
29% 
42% 
40% 
21% 
31% 
17% 
31% 
31% 
25% 
32% 
31% 
46% 
% 
50% 
8% 
9% 
76% 
35% 
38% 
29% 
57% 
28% 
64% 
76% 
44% 
30% 
41% 
42% 
43% 
31% 
80% 
32% 
30% 
43% 
44% 
52% 
49% 
53% 
205 Pn^fimmm 
(year «f adoption} 
SPD East London and the Lee Valley 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD East Midlands 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Eastern Scotland 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Gibraltar 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Cheshire 1994-96 
(1994) 
SPD Industrial South Wales 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD North East England 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Plymouth 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Thanet 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD West Cumbria and Furness 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD West Midlands 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Western Scotland 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Yorkshire and Humberside 1994-96 (1994) 
Total 
m*m** SPD United Kingdom (1996) 
SPD United Kingdom (1994) 
Total 
Ob|e^v««^IAgrl<iuiwe 
Forecasts United Kingdom R 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD United Kingdom R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
Total 
Ottfec%e6&m<her)e* 
SPD United Kingdom (1994) 
*iw!a»nm8B3» 
SPD Borders Region (1995) 
SPD Central Scotland /Tayside (1995) 
SPD Dumfries and Ga"lloway (1995) 
SPD Grampian (1995) 
SPD Lincolnshire (1995) 
SPD Wales (1995) 
SPD East Anglia (1994) 
SPD English Northern Uplands (1994) 
SPD South West England (1994) 
SPD English Midland Uplands (1995) 
SPD The Marches (1995) ' 
Total 
TOTAL 
. , ' , mtfatjve ; 
{year o« adoption^ 
Adapt 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
United Kingdom (1995) 
Total 
ili^jjiiifiiiijiiim^ 
Northern Ireland (1994) 
United Kingdom (1994) 
Total 
Leader 
England (1995) 
Highlands and Islands (1995) 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
Scotland (1995) 
Wales (1995) 
Total 
Pesca \. 
United Kingdom (1995) ] 
*M6* 
England Obj 5(b) areas (1997) 
England Obj. 2 areas (1997) 
Merseyside (1997) 
Highlands (1995) 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
Scotland (1995) 
Wales (1995) 
Total 
W^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^imMi^^ 
East Midlands (1995) 
Eastern Scotland (1995) 
North East England (1995) 
North West England (1995) total cost 
187,6 
195,2 
287,0 
13,5 
818,8 
400.9 
729.0 
61.6 
25,2 
62,2 
983,8 
759,8 
738,0 
11.881,7 
3.662,0 
4.012,4 
7.674,4 
600,7 
204,7 
805,4 
240,8 
76,6 
64,0 
125,3 
96,2 
133,6 
488,2 
132,4 
262,3 
514,3 
33,3 
90,8 
2.017,0 
28.015,8 
Totatcvst 
5,5 
676,4 
681,9 
19,5 
466,8 
486,3 
57,8 
27,9 
31,5 
24,4 
18,8 
160,4 
84,7 
24,6 
74,1 
9,8 
7,0 
12,5 
19.7 
5,2 
153,0 
110,1 
25,3 
56,8 
18,0 : S, funds 
contrfb. 
(1) 
73,2 
66,2 
117,9 
5,1 
332,2 
151,1 
291,9 
27,1 
8,9 
24,2 
372,8 
262,1 
284,8 
4.693,2 
1.655,4 
1.522,1 
3.177,5 
137,7 
51,2 
188,9 
88,7 
30,4 
25,4 
47,7 
39,5 
53,7 
184,0 
60,0 
108,0 
219.0 
12,2 
40,6 
820,5 
11.355,0 
&Fdftds 
oontr'it&- i 
til 
3.5 
313,3 
316,8 
12,8 
181,0 
193,8 
25,8 
12,0 
11.4 
8,4 
8,6 
66,2 
37,4 
11,3 
32,4 
4,9 
3,0 
6,2 
8,5 
2,3 
68,7 
46,8 
11,6 
26,0 
8,1 Commitments 
1997 
0,0 
-3,9 
-1.4 
0,0 
-1,5 
0.5 
-6,2 
0,0 
-0,4 
-0,5 
-2,2 
-2,4 
-21,4 
643,8 
551,3 
-0,1 
561,2 
26,2 
0,0 
26,2 
0,0 
9.2 
4.1 
16,3 
12,2 
5,6 
54,1 
7,7 
11,7 
26,1 
3,1 
4,4 
154,3 
1.828,1 
Commitments 
1997 
0,4 
0,0 
0,4 
0,9 
41.1 
42,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
6,1 
9,3 
27,3 
4,2 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
40,9 
33,9 
0,9 
2,2 
1,0 Commitments 
189447 
to 
73,2 
66,2 
117,9 
5.1 
332,2 
151,1 
291,9 
28.6 
11,3 
24,2 
372,8 
262,1 
284,8 
2.704,4 
1.081,0 
1 522,0 
2.603,0 
88,0 
38,6 
126,6 
44,3 
18,0 
8,8 
30,5 
23.4 
14,6 
104,1 
16,3 
39,4 
81,9 
5,1 
15,9 
368,0 
7.327,1 
0ommrtments 
199447 
(2J 
3,5 
69,1 
72,6 
12,8 
79,0 
91,8 
25.8 
12,0 
11.4 
8.4 
8,6 
66,2 
37,4 
9,3 
27,3 
4.2 
3.0 
6.2 
8.5 
2.3 
61,0 
39,1 
10,9 
25,6 
7.9 % 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
105% 
126% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
58% 
65% 
100% 
82% 
64% 
75% 
67% 
50% 
59% 
35% 
64% 
59% 
27% 
57% 
27% 
36% 
37% 
42% 
39% 
44% 
66% 
% 
100% 
22% 
23% 
100% 
44% 
47% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
83% 
84% 
86% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
89% 
84% 
95% 
99% 
98% Payments 
1997 
22,3 
14,6 
2,1 
0,2 
151,9 
54,1 
72,7 
-0,4 
-2,5 
1.8 
152,6 
4,8 
111,5 
907,3 
288,6 
0,0 
288,6 
21,4 
0,0 
21,4 
20,4 
5,0 
3,4 
10,5 
7,3 
5,9 
21,7 
5,8 
16.7 
26.1 
1,7 
5.9 
110,0 
1.649r1 
P*<y*rt.a.rt!ft: 
mt \ 
0,8 
0,0 
0,8 
4,0 
32,5 
36,4 
0,0 
3,3 
0,0 
2.8 
3,7 
9,8 
6,8 
4.7 
13.7 
2,1 
0,0 
1,9 
0,0 
0,0 
22,3 
18,2 
1,1 
1,1 
0,8 Payments 
199447 
57,6 
55.4 
99,5 
4,2 
276,7 
130,8 
246,1 
22,8 
5,1 
19,8 
309,9 
216,2 
232,0 
1.997,7 
288,6 
1.400,3 
1.688,8 
66,3 
30,9 
97,2 
40,5 
12,2 
7,3 
20,0 
15,8 
11.1 
56,2 
10,4 
33,6 
68,5 
3,0 
12,9 
250,9 
6.192,3 
l**yra#nt* 
199447 
1.8 
26,6 
28,4 
9,7 
64,0 
73,7 
7,5 
6,9 
3,1 
5,4 
6,5 
29,4 
11,2 
4,7 
13,7 
2,1 
1,0 
5,0 
2,7 
0.7 
29,8 
20,8 
6.1 
12,8 
4,3 : * 
79% 
84% 
84% 
84% 
83% 
87% 
84% 
84% 
57% 
82% 
83% 
82% 
81% 
43% 
17% 
92% 
63% 
48% 
60% 
51% 
46% 
40% 
29% 
42% 
40% 
21% 
31% 
17% 
31% 
31% 
25% 
32% 
31% 
46% 
% 
50% 
8% 
9% 
76% 
35% 
38% 
29% 
57% 
28% 
64% 
76% 
44% 
30% 
41% 
42% 
43% 
31% 
80% 
32% 
30% 
43% 
44% 
52% 
49% 
53% 
205 
mfuafjv* 
(year of adoption} 
Wales (1995) 
West Midlands (1995) 
Western Scotland (1995) 
Yorkshire (1995) 
Total total cost 
57,3 
30,9 
7,5 
106,4 
412,4 r$. funds 
i contrib. 
W 
25,2 
14,1 
3,5 
49,5 
184,7 CommHmentt 
1997 
3,8 
1,1 
0,5 
35,5 
79,0 iCtemrttStmeats 
1884*7 
w 24,3 
13,8 
3,5 
40,9 
166,1 WW 
96% 
98% 
100% 
83% 
80% Payment* 
1997 
0,0 
0,6 
0,4 
3,7 
25,9 1994*7 
m: 
10,2 
6,9 
1,9 
6,5 
69,6 ;"% 
Imn 
41% 
49% 
55% 
13% 
38% 
Konver ' 
United Kingdom& Gibraltar (1995) | 307,7| 136,9| 81,l| 93,6| 68%| 8,0| 14,2| 10% 
Résider 
England (1996) 
Wales (1995) 
Western Scotland (1995) 
Total 54,3 
35,0 
27,9 
117,2 24,7 
15,7 
11,7 
62,2 5,4 
2,2 
1,3 
8,8 24,4 
15,2 
11,5 
61,0 99% 
97% 
98% 
88% 2,7 
0,0 
0,6 
3,3 12,2 
6,5 
5,7 
24,4 
fceta* 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
United Kingdom (1995) 
Total 10,1 
79,0 
88,1 5,1 
36,7 
41,8 1,3 
3.1 
4,5 5,1 
35,5 
40,6 100% 
97% 
97% 2,1 
1,6 
3,6 3,9 
17.8 
21.7 49% 
41% 
• 49% 
47% 
77% 
48% 
62% 
iUfban ' 
Brighton (1997) 
Bristd(1997) 
Coventry (1997) 
Leeds (1997) 
(1996) 
East Midlands (Nottingham) (1996) 
GMLC (Moss Side and Hulme) (Manchester) (1996) 
London (Park Royal) (1996) 
Merseyside (North Huyton, Liverpool, Netherton) (1996) 
Wales (Swansea) (1996) 
West Midands (Birmingham) (1996) 
Western Scotland (Glasgow) (1996) 
Yorkshire and Humberside (Sheffield) (1996) 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 9,4 
11,5 
9,5 
9,6 
17,3 
14,9 
17,7 
16,3 
40,1 
11.7 
20,6 
32,7 
14,8 
27,9 
254,0 
2.746,7 4,5 
4,5 
4,5 
4,5 
8,0 
6,8 
8.0 
7,7 
19,5 
5,6 
8,0 
13,6 
6.8 
19,4 
121,4 
1.219,8 3,4 
3,5 
3,1 
3,4 
1,6 
1.2 
0,0 
1,5 
2,2 
0,0 
1.6 
3,7 
0,0 
2,4 
27,5 
280,4 3,4 
3,5 
3,1 
3,4 
8,0 
6,8 
8,0 
7,7 
19,5 
5,6 
8,0 
13,6 
6,8 
19,4 
116,7 
797,1 75% 
77% 
69% 
75% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
96% 
65% 1,7 
1,7 
1,6 
1,7 
0,8 
0,6 
0,0 
0,8 
1.1 
0,0 
0.8 
1,8 
0.0 
0,7 
13,3 
130,3 1,7 
1.7 
1,6 
1.7 
4,0 
3,4 
4,0 
3.8 
9.7 
2,8 
4.0 
6,8 
3,4 
7,6 
56,3 
358,5 38% 
38% 
34% 
38% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
39% 
46% 
29% 
PEACE 
Ireland/Northern Ireland (1995) | 412,4] 301,7| 53,3] 176.3J 58%| 81.2J 136,6] 45% 
:(n.t«f»9ffi*8a«. 
United KingdorrvDanrnark/Sverige/Nederland/ 
Deutschland: North Sea (1997) 
France/United Kingdom: Haute-Normandie, Picardie and 
East Sussex (1996) 
France/United Kingdom: Nord-Pas-de-Calais/Kent (1996) 
Ireland/United Kingdom: Northern Ireland (1995) 
Ireland/Unfted Kingdom. Wales (1995) 
United Kingdom/Morocco: Gibraltar (1995) 30,3 
80,8 
95,3 
265,7 
146,9 
1,7 14,5 
34,1 
45,1 
160,2 
84,6 
0,7 14,5 
0,0 
0,6 
35,9 
13,6 
0,0 14,5 
34,1 
7,6 
64,0 
25,4 
0,7 100% 
100% 
17% 
40% 
30% 
100% 0,0 
0,0 
0,3 
0,5 
14.2 
0,0 0,0 
10,2 
.3,8 
14,6 
20,1 
0,2 0% 
30% 
8% 
9% 
24% 
30% 
EUROPE 
Initiative 
{year of adoption} Total cost S. Funds ; 
contrib. i Commitments 
1987 Commitments 
1994*7 % 
WW Payments; 
1887 Payments 
1994*7 
m ww 
Leader 
Networks (1994) | 16,0| 16,0) 2.9J 10,7| 67%) 2,9) 7,6) 48% 
Ptsca 
(1997) 
Transnational projed: Development d sdtware to 
exchange audion information (B/NL) (1997) 
Transnational projed: Diversification by developing new 
markets by new technology (D/DK) (1997) 
Transnational projed: Eledronic chart display and 
information system (B/F/EL/IT/IRL) (1997) 
Transnational projed: Information exchange between 
audion and remde markets (B/F/E) (1997) 
Transnational projed: tourism as an instrument of 
development (l/GR) (1997). 
Transnational projed: RECIPE (E/P) (1997) 
(1997) 
Transnational projed: Technical support development in 
waterfood mussel cooperative (UK/1RL) (1997) 
Transnational projed: Aqualine (1996) 
Transnational projed: Maisons de la Mer (1996) 
Transnational projed. Maredunet (1996) 
Transnational projed: Pêche-Fish Co (1996) 
Transnational projed. Retilour (1996) 
Total 0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,1 
0,1 
0,1 
0,1 
0,1 
0,1 
0,3 
0,1 
0,0 
0,3 
1,6 0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,1 
0,1 
0,1 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,7 0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,1 
0,1 
0,1 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,1 
0,1 
0,1 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,7 100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
70% 
40% 
40% 
0% 
40% 
17% 
206 
mm* (year of adoption} 
:N**# 
Ireland/Northern Ireland (1995) 
Interreja^Mmen ' 
Belgique/BelgieVDeutschland/France/Luxembourg/ 
Nedertand: Rhine-Meuse (1997) 
Danmark/Deutschland/Suomi Finland/Sverige: Baltic Sea 
(1997) 
Ellada/ltalia: Ipiros, Ionia Nisia, Dutiki Ellada and Puglia 
(1997) 
Italia/Osterreich (1997) 
Italia/Slovenia'. Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto (1997) 
Italia: Drought prevention (1997) 
Osterreich/Deutschland/Ellada/ltalia: Central, Adriatic, 
Danubian and South-Eastem European Space (1997) 
Portugal: Drought prevention (1997) 
United KingdorrvDanmark/Sverige/Nederiand/ 
Deutschland: North Sea (1997) 
Belgique/France/Luxembourg: Wallonie-Lorraine-
Luxembourg (1996) 
Belgique/France: Ardennes (1996) 
Danmark/Sverige (1996) 
Deutschland/Osterreich (1996) 
Espafia/Morocco (1996) 
France/Belgique/Belgie: Nord-Pas-de Calais/Vlaanderen 
(1996) 
France/Belgique/Belgie: Wallonie/Nord-Pas-de-
Calais/Picardie (1996) 
France/Espafia (1996) 
France/Italia: Corse/Sardegna (1996) 
France/Italia: Corse/Toscana (1996) 
France/United Kingdom. Haute-Normandie, Picardieand 
East Sussex (1996) 
France/United Kingdom: Nord-Pas-de-Calais/Kent (1996) 
Italia/Albania Puglia (1996) 
Italia/France (1996) 
Italia/Switzerland (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Baltic States: coastal area, Southern 
Finland (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Russia Karelia (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Russia: South-east Finland (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: North Cape (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: Kvarken and Mittskandia 
(1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige: Islands (1996) 
Sverige/Norway. Nordic Green Belt (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: Q6teborg/Bohus/Alvsborg (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: Inner Scandinavia (1996) 
Sverige/Suomi Finland/Norway/Russia: Barents Sea 
(1996) 
(1995) 
Belgique/BelgieVNedertand: Middengebied (1995) 
Danrrark/Deutschland: FynsAmt/K.E.R.N. (1995) 
D?nmark/Deutschland: Sonder-jylland/Planungsraum V 
(1995) 
Danmark/Deutschland: Storstrom/Ostholstein/LObeck 
(1995) 
Danmark. Baltic Sea (1995) 
(1995) 
Deutschland/France: Rheinland-Pfalz/Saariand/Lorraine 
(1995) 
Deutschland/Luxembourg: Euregio (1995) 
Deutschland/NederiandyBelgique/BelgiS: Euregio Meuse-
Rhine(1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Ems-Dollard (1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Euregio (1995) 
(1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Euregio Rhine-Waal (1995) 
Deutschland/Poland/Czech Republic: Sachsen (1995) 
Deutschland/Potand: Brandenburg (1995) 
Deutschland/Poland: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1995) 
Deutschland/Czech Republic: Bayem (1995) 
Deutschland/Switzertand: Bodensee (1995) 
Ellada/Albania/Bulgaria (1995) T0W<f**Jt 
412,4 
426,7 
47,5 
304,9 
27,4 
31,4 
30,5 
36,8 
8,4 
30.3 
62,2 
27,8 
28,0 
56,3 
185,3 
38,3 
148,4 
142,6 
71.8 
58,2 
80,8 
95,3 
178,2 
159,1 
52,7 
22,7 
31,8 
40,7 
29,2 
. 14,6 
9,5 
13,0 
13,0 
10,8 
23,4 
22,8 
66,3 
3,6 
22,2 
10,4 
4,6 
51,4 
46,5 
30,9 
71,9 
62,7 
53,6 
12.8 
23,2 
220,0 
110,7 
84,1 
42,2 
13,8 
494,9 : &**tin4* 
! contrfb. 
m 
301,7 
137,1 
25,0 
169,2 
11,8 
15.6 
15.2 
20,9 
6,2 
14,5 
30,2 
12,5 
13,0 
24,6 
101,4 
18,0 
71,5 
62.4 
33,7 
18,6 
34,1 
45,1 
81,5 
57,0 
20,0 
6,1 
13,9 
9,6 
12,2 
6,6 
4,0 
5,5 
5,5 
4,5 
10,5 
11,1 
32,4 
1,8 
11,1 
5,2 
2,0 
25,2 
23,3 
8,0 
35,7 
22,5 
22,0 
6,4 
11,5 
149,4 
73,5 
63,1 
16,8 
6,9 
314,0 <^mmitments 
19*7 
53,3 
15,5 
25,0 
39,9 
13,1 
11,7 
15,2 
20,9 
6,2 
14,5 
0,0 
0,0 
2.4 
0,0 
23,0 
1.1 
0,0 
10,3 
0.6 
0,0 
0,0 
0.6 
0,0 
0.0 
4,4 
2,0 
3,4 
1.9 
3.4 
1.6 
0,4 
2,4 
1,0 
1,4 
3,8 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
-0,5 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
-2,2 
0,0 
0,0 
32,4 
0,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
41,6 cernrntymarrUi 
'• 199447 
p in 
176,3 
15,5 
25,0 
39,9 
13,1 
11,7 
15,2 
20,9 
6,2 
14,5 
26,2 
12,5 
13,0 
24,6 
37,1 
18,0 
10,0 
19,1 
33,1 
18,2 
34,1 
7,6 
15,5 
15,1 
20,0 
6,1 
13,9 
9,6 
12,2 
6,6 
4.0 
5.5 
5,5 
4,5 
10,5 
11,1 
32,4 
1.8 
11.1 
5,2 
2,0 
22,9 
23,3 
8,0 
33,5 
22,5 
19,8 
6,4 
11.5 
52.1 
10,5 
8,8 
16,8 
6,9 
107,9 % 
58% 
11% 
100% 
24% 
110% 
75% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
87% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
37% 
100% 
14% 
31% 
98% 
98% 
100% 
17% 
19% 
26% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
91% 
100% 
100% 
94% 
100% 
90% 
100% 
100% 
35% 
14% 
14% 
100% 
100% 
34% P*ymt«t» 
1997 
81,2 
0,0 
12,5 
19,9 
6,5 
5,8 
7,6 
10,5 
2.5 
0,0 
1.4 
0.0 
0.7 
3,5 
22,6 
0,5 
1,5 
7,2 
0,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,3 
0,0 
0,0 
2,2 
0,6 
1,0 
0,6 
3,3 
1,8 
0,2 
0,7 
0,3 
0,4 
3,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
0.0 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0.3 
24.5 
0,8 
0,0. 
3,0 
0,4 
47,4 Payments 
199447 
m 
136.6 
0.0 
12.5 
19,9 
6,5 
5,8 
7,6 
10,5 
2,5 
0,0 
13,5 
3,7 
3,9 
10,9 
29,7 
9,0 
6,5 
11.7 
10,1 
5,5 
10,2 
3,8 
7,8 
7.5 
10,0 
1.8 
4,2 
2,9 
3.7 
2.0 
1,2 
1.7 
1,7 
1.4 
3.1 
3,3 
9.7 
0,5 
3,3 
1,6 
0,6 
7,4 
7,2 
2,4 
10,0 
6,7 
6,6 
1.9 
3,7 
34,3 
5,8 
4,4 
8,4 
3,4 
96,4 ; " % 
45% 
0% 
50% 
12% 
55% 
37% 
50% 
50% 
40% 
0% 
45% 
30% 
30% 
44% 
29% 
50% 
9% 
19% 
30% 
29% 
30% 
8% 
10% 
13% 
50% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
29% 
31% 
30% 
28% 
30% 
X% 
30% 
33% 
23% 
8% 
7% 
50% 
49% 
31% 
207 
midattve 
Jyea*d! adoption) 
Ellada/ltalia (REGEN Electricity) (1995) 
Ellada: Completion of energy networks (REGEN) (1995) 
Espafia/Portugal (1995) 
Espafia/Portugal (REGEN natural gas) (1995) 
France/Deutschland PAMINA(1995) 
France/Switzerland: Franche-Comte (1995) 
France/Switzerland: Rhone-Alpes (1995) 
Ireland/United Kingdom: Northern Ireland (1995) 
Ireland/United Kingdom: Wales (1995) 
dsterreich/Hungary (1995) 
Osterreich/Czech Republic (1995) 
Osterreich/Slcvakia (1995) 
OsterreicrvSlcvenia (1995) 
United KingdonVMorocco: Gibraltar (1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 'total «6s* 
189,4 
459.2 
755,3 
548,2 
22,1 
14,2 
11.6 
265.7 
146,9 
28,2 
12.1 
16.0 
22,6 
1,7 
6.479,6 
6.909,4 rounds.' 
: contrfb.. 
75,8 
183,7 
552,0 
220.0 
11.1 
7.1 
5,4 
160,2 
84,6 
11,0 
4,5 
5,5 
9.0 
0,7 
3.289,9 
3.608,3 commitments 
1**7 
0,0 
80,5 
0.0 
23,0 
1.0 
0,0 
0,0 
35,9 
13,6 
2.2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
453,8 
510,4 Commitment* 
199447 
to 
22,0 
183.7 
240,2 
216,4 
11,1 
7,1 
4,3 
64,0 
25,4 
11,0 
4,5 
5,5 
9,0 
0,7 
1.763,8 
1.951,5 29% 
100% 
44% 
98% 
100% 
100% 
80% 
40% 
30% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
64% 
64% tej/mm 
1*97 
0.0 
79,4 
50,5 
17,8 
0,3 
0,0 
0,0 
0,5 
14,2 
0,7 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
367,6 
441,7 payments 
189447 
11.0 
161,9 
154,4 
180,3 
3,3 
2,2 
1,3 
14,6 
20,1 
3.3 
1.4 
1.7 
2.7 
0,2 
1.008,8 
1.153,0 15% 
88% 
28% 
82% 
30% 
31% 
24% 
9% 
24% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
31% 
32% 
208 midattve 
Jyea*<rf adoption) 
Ellada/ltalia (REGEN Electricity) (1995) 
Ellada: Completion of energy networks (REGEN) (1995) 
Espafia/Portugal (1995) 
Espafia/Portugal (REGEN natural gas) (1995) 
France/Deutschland PAMINA(1995) 
France/Switzerland: Franche-Comte (1995) 
France/Switzerland: Rhone-Alpes (1995) 
Ireland/United Kingdom: Northern Ireland (1995) 
Ireland/United Kingdom: Wales (1995) 
dsterreich/Hungary (1995) 
Osterreich/Czech Republic (1995) 
Osterreich/Slcvakia (1995) 
OsterreicrvSlcvenia (1995) 
United KingdonVMorocco: Gibraltar (1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 'total «as* 
189,4 
459.2 
755,3 
548,2 
22,1 
14,2 
11.6 
265.7 
146,9 
28,2 
12.1 
16.0 
22,6 
1,7 
6.479,6 
6.909,4 r^wvis.' 
: contrfb.. 
75,8 
183,7 
552,0 
220.0 
11.1 
7.1 
5,4 
160,2 
84,6 
11,0 
4,5 
5,5 
9.0 
0,7 
3.289,9 
3.608,3 commitments 
1**7 
0,0 
80,5 
0.0 
23,0 
1.0 
0,0 
0,0 
35,9 
13,6 
2.2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
453,8 
510,4 Commitment* 
199447 
to 
22,0 
183.7 
240,2 
216,4 
11,1 
7,1 
4,3 
64,0 
25,4 
11,0 
4,5 
5,5 
9,0 
0,7 
1.763,8 
1.951,5 29% 
100% 
44% 
98% 
100% 
100% 
80% 
40% 
30% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
64% 
64% tej/mm 
1**7 
0.0 
79,4 
50,5 
17,8 
0,3 
0,0 
0,0 
0,5 
14,2 
0,7 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
367,6 
441,7 Payments 
189447 
11.0 
161,9 
154,4 
180,3 
3,3 
2,2 
1,3 
14,6 
20,1 
3.3 
1.4 
1.7 
2.7 
0,2 
1.008,8 
1.153,0 15% 
88% 
28% 
82% 
30% 
31% 
24% 
9% 
24% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
31% 
32% 
208 
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 
$J9°) -^JO ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 
$J9°) -^JC 
9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 211 
Adapt 
CAP 
CEEC 
CEEP 
CES 
CI 
CIP 
CSF 
EAGGF 
Ecos-Ouverture 
EC-BIC 
ECSC 
EFTA 
EIB 
EIF 
Employment 
ERDF 
ESDP 
ESF 
Europartenariat 
FIFG 
Forcem 
Horizon 
Interreg 
ISDN 
Konver 
LAG 
Leader 
MGP 
Now 
OP 
Pacte 
Peace 
Pesca 
Phare 
SME 
SMEs 
R&D 
R&TD 
Rechar 
Recite 
Regen 
Regis 
Résider 
Retex Community Initiative for the adaptation of workers to industrial change 
Common agricultural policy 
Central and eastern European countries 
Centre européen de l'entreprise publique (European Centre for Public 
Enterprise) 
Confédération européenne des syndicats - European Confederation of 
Trade Unions 
Community Initiative 
Community Initiative programme 
Community support framework 
European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund 
Cooperation network with central and eastern European cities 
European Community Business and Innovation Centre 
European Coal and Steel Community 
European Free Trade Association 
European Investment Bank 
European Investment Fund 
Community Initiative for the development of human resources 
European Regional Development Fund 
European Spatial Development Perspective 
European Social Fund 
Events to promote contacts between businesses in regions eligible under 
the Structural Funds and businesses elsewhere in the Conimunity and/or 
non-member countries 
Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance 
Foundation for continuing training (Spain) 
Community Initiative for the occupational integration of handicapped 
and disadvantaged people 
Community Initiative for the promotion of crossborder and interregional 
cooperation 
Integrated Services Digital Network 
Community Initiative for the conversion of regions dependent on the 
defence sector 
Local action group 
Community Initiative for rural development projects 
Multiannual (fisheries) guidance programme 
Community Initiative for the occupational integration of women 
Operational Programme 
Programme for sharing experience among local and regional authorities 
of Europe 
Community Initiative for reconciliation and peace in Northern Ireland 
and in the border counties of Ireland 
Community Initiative for the fishing industry 
Programme of aid for the economic conversion of central and eastern 
European countries 
Small and medium-sized enterprise(s) 
Community Initiative for the adjustment of SMEs to the Single Market 
Research and development 
Research and technological development 
Community Initiative for the conversion of coal-mining areas 
Programme to create networks among the regions and cities of Europe 
Community Initiative for energy networks 
Community Initiative for the most remote regions 
Community Initiative for the conversion of steel-making areas 
Community Initiative for the diversification of economic activities in 
regions heavily dependent on the textiles and clothing industry 
212 9"1 Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 
RIS Regional Innovation Strategy 
RISI Regional Information Society Initiative 
SPD Single programming document 
Stride Community Initiative on science and technology for regional innovation 
and development 
TEN(s) Trans-European network(s) 
UNICE Union of Industrial and Employers' Confederations of Europe 
Urban Community Initiative to assist declining urban areas 
Youthstart Community Initiative for the occupational integration of young people 


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COM(98) 562 final 
DOCUMENTS 
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