NoC56/34 26.2.93 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
ProposalforaCouncilDirectiverelatingtomeasurestobetakenagainstairpollutionby
emissionsfrommotorvehiclesandamending Directive70/220/EEC
(93/C56/05)
COM(92)572final—SYN448
(Submitted bytheCommission on20January1993)
whichhasbeenestablished byCouncilDirective
70/156/EECof6February1970ontheapproximation of
thelawsoftheMember Statesrelatingtothe
type-approvalofmotorvehiclesandtheirtrailers(5),as
lastamendedbyDirective92/53/EEC(s);
WhereasDirective 70/220/EEClaysdownthelimit
valuesforcarbonmonoxide andunburnthydrocarbon
emissions fromtheenginesofsuchvehicles;whereas
theselimitvalueswerefirstreducedbyDirective
74/290/EEC(7)andsupplemented ,inaccordance with
Directive77/102/EEC(8),bylimitvaluesforpermissible
emissionsofnitrogenoxides;whereasthelimitvaluesfor
thesethreetypesofpollutionweresuccessively reduced
byDirectives 78/665/EEC(9),83/351/EEC(10)and
88/76/EEC(u),limitvaluesforparticulate pollutant
emissionsfromdieselengineswereintroduced byDirective
88/436/EEC(12)andmorestringentEuropeanstandards
fortheemissionsofgaseouspollutants ofcarsbelow1,41
byDirective 89/458/EEC(13);whereasthesestandards
havebeenextendedtoallpassengercarsindependently of
theirenginecapacityonthebasisofanimproved
Europeantestprocedure includinganextra-urban driving
cycleandrequirements relatingtotheevaporative
emissionsandtothedurabilityofemission-related vehicle
components aswellasmorestringentparticulate pollutant
standards forcarsequippedwithdieselengineswhich
wereintroduced byDirective 91/441/EEC(14);whereas
passengercarsdesignedtocarrymorethansixpassengers
andhavingamaximum massofmorethan2500kg,light
commercial vehicles,andoff-roadvehicles,coveredbythe
scopeofDirective70/220/EEC,whichbenefiteduntil
thenfromlessstringentstandards ,havebeensubjectedby
Directive 93/.../EECtostandards assevereasthosefor
passengercars,takingintoaccountthespecificconditions
ofsuchvehicles;
Whereastheworkundertaken bytheCommission inthis
fieldhasshownthatthebesttechnologies currently
availabletotheCommunity industrycanbefurther
perfectedinordertoallowpassengercarstocomplywithTHECOUNCIL OFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishing theEuropean
Economic Community ,andinparticular Article100a
thereof,
HavingregardtotheproposalfromtheCommission ,
Incooperation withtheEuropeanParliament ,
HavingregardtotheopinionoftheEconomic andSocial
Committee ,
Whereasitisimportanttoadoptmeasureswiththeaimof
ensuringtheunityoftheinternalmarket;whereasthe
internalmarketistocompriseanareawithoutinternal
frontiersinwhichthefreemovement ofgoods,persons,
servicesandcapitalisensured;
Whereasthefirstprogramme ofactionoftheEuropean
Communities onprotection oftheenvironment ,approved
bytheCouncilon22November 1973(*),calledfor
accounttobetakenofthelatestscientific advances in
combating atmospheric pollutioncausedbygasesemitted
frommotorvehiclesandfordirectivesadoptedpreviously
tobeamendedaccordingly ;whereasthefifthprogramme
ofaction,approved bytheCommission on30March
1992(2),providesforadditional effortstobemadefora
considerable reduction inthepresentlevelofemissionsof
pollutants frommotorvehicles;
Whereastheobjectivesofreducingthelevelofemissions
ofpollutants frommotorvehiclesandtheestablishment
andoperationoftheinternalmarketforvehiclescannotbe
sufficiently achievedbyMemberStatesindividually and
thuscanbebetterachievedatCommunity levelbythe
approximation ofthelawsoftheMemberStatesrelating
tomeasures tobetakenagainstairpollution by
emissions ;
Whereas CouncilDirective 70/220/EEC(3),aslast
amended byDirective 93/.../EEC(4),isoneofthe
separatedirectivesoftheEECtype-approval procedure(5)OJNoL42,23.2.1970,p.1.
(6)OJNoL225,10.8.1992,p.1.
(7)OJNoL159,15.6.1974,p.61
(8)OJNoL32,3.2.1977,p.32.
HOJNoL223,14.8.1978,p.48
0)OJNoC112,20.12.1973,p.1.
(2)COM(92 )23finalof30March1992.
(3)OJNoL76,6.4.1970,p.1.
(4)CouncilDocument 10079/92of18November 1992.(10)OJNoL197,20.7.1983,p.1.
(")OJNoL36,9.2.1988,p.1.
(12)OJNoL214,6.8.1988,p.1.
(1J)OJNoL226,3.8.1989,p.1.
(14)OJNoL242,30.8.1991,p.1.

26.2.93 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC56/35
70/220/EEC,asamended bythisDirective ,forthe
purposes ofArticles4(1)and7(1)ofDirective
70/156/EEC.
2.Witheffectfrom1January1996,MemberStates
shallnolongergrant:
—EECtype-approval inaccordance withArticle4(1)of
Directive70/156/EEC,or
—nationaltype-approval unlesstheprovisions of
Article8(2)ofDirective70/156/EECareinvoked,
foratypeofvehicleongroundsrelatingtoairpollutionby
emissions iftherequirements ofDirective70/220/EEC,
asamendedbythisDirective,arenotfulfilled.
3.Witheffectfrom1January1997,MemberStates:
—shallconsider certificates ofconformity which
accompany newvehiclesinaccordance withthe
provisions ofDirective70/156/EECasnolongervalid
forthepurposesofArticle7(1)ofthatDirective ,
and
—shallrefusetheregistration ,saleandentryintoservice
ofnewvehicleswhicharenotaccompanied bya
certificate ofconformity inaccordance withthe
provisions ofDirective 70/156/EEC,unlessthe
provisions ofArticle8(2)ofDirective70/156/EEC
areinvoked,
ongroundsrelatingtoairpollutionbyemissions ,ifthe
requirements ofDirective70/220/EEC,asamendedby
thisDirective ,arenotfulfilled.considerable reduced emission limits;whereas the
proposedstandards willapplybothtoapprovalofnew
vehicletypesandtotheverification ofconformity of
production ,astheamendedmethodforsamplingand
statisticalevaluation permitsdeletionofthetolerances in
thelimitvaluesofthepreviousstagesofDirective
70/220/EEC;
Whereas theCommission hasconducted abroad
consultation ofinterested parties,culminating withthe
Symposium 'AutoEmissions 2000'on21and22
September 1992,whichhasshownthatthepresent
approach ,focusedontailpipeemissions ,shouldbeone
elementforthestagebeyondtheimplemention ofthe
requirements ofthisDirective,intheframework ofa
'multifaceted 'approachincludingallthemeasuresenabling
thereductionofairpollutionduetoroadtraffic;whereas
allparameters whichhavebeenidentified ashavinga
significant impactonsuchpollutioncanbeindicatedatthe
presenttimeonlyasalist;whereastheCommission will
undertake thenecessary analysisofenvironmental ,
technological andcostefficiency aspectsinorderto
providequantified objectivesfortheCommunity measures
fortheyear2000beforeJune1994;
WhereasMemberStatesshouldbeallowedtoencourage ,
bymeansoftaxincentives ,theintroduction ofvehicles
whichsatisfytherequirement ofthisDirective ;whereasit
seemsappropriate intheDirective tofollowthe
framework forsuchincentives aimedatavoiding
distortions intheinternalmarketadoptedinCouncil
Directive92/97/EEC(')limitingthenoiselevelofmotor
vehicles;
Whereasthepriornotification requirement ofthis
Directive iswithoutprejudice topriornotification
requirements underotherprovisions ofCommunity law,
notablyArticle93(3)oftheTreaty;
WhereastheCouncilshould,by31December 1995,adopt
therequirements forthestagefromtheyear2000,for
whichtheCommission willpresentaproposalby30June
1994,
HASADOPTED THISDIRECTIVE :Article3
MemberStatesmaymakeprovisionfortaxincentivesonly
inrespectofmotorvehicleswhichcomplywithDirective
70/220/EEC;asamended bythisDirective .Such
incentivesmustcomplywiththeprovisions oftheTreaty
and,inaddition,mustmeetthefollowingconditions :
—theymustapplytoallnewvehicleswhichareoffered
forsaleonthemarketofaMemberStateandwhich
meet,inadvance,therequirements ofDirective
70/220/EEC,asamendedbythisDirective ,
—theyshallbeterminated witheffectfromthe
mandatory application oftheemissionvalueslaid
downinArticle2(3)fornewmotorvehicles,
—inrespectofeachtypeofmotorvehicle,theymust
representanamountsubstantially belowtheadditional
costofthetechnical solutions introduced toensure
compliance withtheestablished valuesandoftheir
installation onthevehicle.
TheCommission mustbeinformedingoodtimeofplans
toinstituteorchangetaxincentives asreferredtointhe
firstparagraph .TheCommission mustgiveitsconsentArticle 1
AnnexItoDirective70/220/EECisherebyamendedin
accordance withtheAnnextothisDirective .
Article2
1.Witheffectfrom1July1994,MemberStatesshall
acceptcompliance withtherequirements ofDirective
(>)OJNoL371,19.12.1992,p.1.

NoC56/36 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 26.2.93
beforesuchincentives areputintoeffectandmust,in
particular ,takeintoaccounttheimpactofsuchincentives
ontheinternalmarket .(n)measures tocoverpollutants notyet
regulated ;
3.complementary technicalmeasures intheframework
ofspecificDirectives ,including :
—improvements infuelqualityandrequirements
relatingtoalternative fuels{interalia,biofuels)as
farasvehicleemissions areconcerned ,
—strengthening oftherequirements oftheinspection
andmaintenance programme ;
4.acoherentstrategyforothercomplementary measures
relatedtoairqualityobjectivesincluding :
—theuseoffiscalincentives ,
—trafficmanagement ,
—enhancement ofurbanpublictransport .
Thereducedlimitvaluesbeingthesubjectofthesaidnew
Directiveshallnotapplybefore1January2000fornew
type-approvals .TheCouncilshalldecideontheconditions
forgrantingtaxincentives onthebasisoftheselimit
values.Article4
TheCouncil,actingundertheconditions laiddowninthe
Treaty,shalladoptadirectivebefore31December 1995
onaproposalforafurtherstageoftheCommunity 's
measuresagainstairpollutioncausedbymotortraffic ,
whichtheCommission willsubmitby30June1994.
Thatdirective,whichconcernstheperiodfromtheyear
2000onwards,willtakeintoaccounttheneedto
incorporate otherelementsintosuchmeasuresthanmerely
strengthened limitvalues.Anassessment ofthecostsand
advantages oftakingsuchmeasureswillbeundertaken
andtheywillbeproportional andreasonable inthelight
oftheobjectives aimedat.Thefuturestrategywillbe
based,interalia,onthefollowingelements :
1.airquality
Theneedforcompliance withtheCommunity air
qualitycriteriaandimplementation ofcommon
Community measuresrelatingtothemonitoring and
measurement ofairquality;
2.furtherimprovements oftherequirements ofthis
Directive :
basedontheassessment of:
—thepotential ofthetraditional engineand
post-combustion technology ,
—possibleimprovements ofthetestprocedure ,e.g.
cold-start ,durability ,evaporative emission,
—thepotentialofnewpropulsion technologies ,e.g.
electrictraction;
—measuresattheleveloftype-approval supporting
strengthened inspection andmaintenance
requirements including,e.g.on-boarddiagnostic
systems,
—thepotentialneedfor:
(i)specificlimitsforHCandNOxinadditionto
acumulative limitvalue,andArticle5
MemberStatesshallbringintoforcethelaws,regulations
andadministrative provisions necessarytocomplywith
thisDirectivebefore1July1994.Theyshallimmediately
informtheCommission thereof .
WhenMemberStatesadopttheseprovisions ,theseshall
containareference tothisDirective orshallbe
accompanied bysuchreferenceatthetimeoftheirofficial
publication .Theprocedure forsuchreferenceshallbe
adoptedbyMemberStates.
Article6
ThisDirective isaddressed totheMemberStates.

26.2.93 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC56/37
ANNEX
AMENDMENTS TOTHEANNEXES TODIRECTIVE 70/220/EECASAMENDED BYDIRECTIVE
93/.../EECf1)
ANNEX I
1.Item3.1readsasfollows :
'3.1 Theapplication fortype-approval pursuanttoArticle3ofDirective70/156/EECofavehicle
typewithregardtotailpipeemissions ,evaporative emissionsanddurabilityofantipollution
devicesissubmitted bythevehiclemanufacturer .'
2.Item4readsasfollows :
'4 GRANTING OFEECTYPE-APPROVAL
4.1 Iftherelevantrequirements aresatisfied,EECtype-approval pursuanttoArticle4(3)of
Directive70/156/EECshallbegranted .
4.2 AmodelfortheEECtype-approval certificate isgiveninAnnexIX.'
3.Initem5.3.1.4 :
thecolumntitlesandthefirstlineofthetablerelatingtovehiclesofcategoryMarereplacedbythe
following :
Limitvalues
CategoryofvehicleReference mass
RW
(kg)Massaofcarbone
monoxide
LÍ
(g/km)Combined massof
hydrocarbon and
oxidesofnitrogen
L2
(g/km)Massofparticulates
L3
(g/km)
Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Diesel
MH All 2,2 1,0 0,50,7(') 0,08H
(')Forvehiclesfittedwithdieselenginesofthedirect-injection typethevalueL2is0,9g/kmandthevalueL3is0,10
g/kmuntil30September 1999.
(2)Except:
—vehiclesdesignedtocarrymorethansixoccupants includingthedriver,
—vehicleswhosemaximum massexceeds2500kilograms .
4.Item7readsasfollows :
'7 CONFORMITY OFPRODUCTION
7.1 Asageneralrule,measurestoensuretheconformity ofproduction shallbetakenin
accordance withtheprovisions ofArticle10ofDirective70/156/EEC.
Conformity ofproduction ischeckedonthebasisofthedatacontainedinthetype-approval
certificate setoutinAnnexIXofthisDirective .
Iftheauthorityisnotsatisfiedwiththeauditingprocedureofthemanufacturer ,thenitems
2.4.2and2.4.3ofAnnexXofDirective70/156/EEC,shallapply.
7.1.1 IfatypeItestistobecarriedoutandavehicletype-approval hasoneorseveralextensions ,
thetestswillbecarriedoutonthevehicle(s)describedintheinformation packagewhich
accompanied thefirsttype-approval application .
(')PresentstatusinCouncilDocument 10079/92of18November 1992(ENT138/ENV287).

NoC56/38 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 26.2.93
7.1.1.1Conformity ofthevehicleforatyjieItest.
Afterselectionbytheauthority,themanufacturer shallnotundertake anyadjustment tothe
vehiclesselected .
7.1.1.1.1 Threevehicles^rerandomlytakenintheseriesandaretestedasdescribedinitem5.3.1ofthis
Annex.Thedeterioration factorsareusedinthesameway.Thelimitvaluesaregiveninitem
5.3.1ofthisAnnex.
7.1.1.1.2 Iftheauthorityissatisfiedwiththeproduction standarddeviationgivenbythemanufacturer ,
according toAnnexXofDirective70/156/EEC,thetestsarecarriedoutaccording to
Appendix 1ofthisAnnex.
Iftheauthority isnotsatisfiedwiththeproduction standarddeviation givenbythe
manufacturer according toAnnexXofDirective70/156/EEC,thetestsarecarriedout
accordingtoAppendix 2followingthisAnnex.
7.1.1.1.3 Theproduction ofaseriesisregardedasconforming ornon-conforming ,onthebasisofatest
ofthevehiclesbysampling ,onceapassdecisionisreachedforallthepollutants ,orafall
decisionisreachedforonepollutant ,accordingtothetestcriteriaappliedintheappropriate
Appendix .
Whenapassdecisionhasbeenreachedforonepollutant,thisdecisionwillnotbechangedby
anyadditional testsmadetoreachadecisionfortheotherpollutants .
Ifnopassdecisionisreachedforallthepollutionsandifnofaildecisionisreachedforone
pollutant ,atestiscarriedoutonanothervehicle(seeFigure1.7).

26.2.93 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC56/39
Testof
threevehicles
Computation ofthetest
statistic
YESAccording totheappropriate Appendixdoesthetest
statisticagreewiththecriteriaforfailingtheseriesfor
atleastonepollutant ?Seriesrejected
NO
NO According totheappropriate Appendixdoesthetest
statisticagreewiththecriteriaforpassingtheseriesfor
atleastonepollutant ?
YES
Apassdecisionisreachedforoneormore
pollutants
YESIsapassdecisionreachedforallthepollutants ? Seriesaccepted
NO
Testofanadditional vehicle
Figure1.7

NoC56/40 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 26.2.93
7.1.1.2 Notwithstanding therequirements ofitem3.1.1ofAnnexIII,thetestswillbecarriedouton
vehicleswhichhavenottravelledanydistance.
7.1.1.2.1 However,attherequestofthemanufacturer ,thetestswillbecarriedoutonvehicleswhich
havebeenrun-in:
—amaximum of3000kmforvehiclesequippedwithapositiveignitionengine,
—amaximum of15000kmforvehiclesequippedwithacompression ignitionengine.
Inthesecases,therunning-in procedure willbeconducted bythemanufacturer whoshall
undertakenottomakeanyadjustments tothosevehicles.
7.1.1.2.2 Ifthemanufacturer askstoconductarunning-in procedure ('x'km,wherex^3000kmfor
vehiclesequippedwithapositiveignitionengineandx<15000kmforvehiclesequipped
withacompression ignitionengine),thenthisprocedure willbecarriedoutasfollows:
—thepollutantemissions (typeI)willbemeasuredatzeroandat'x'kmonthefirsttested
vehicle,
—theevolution coefficient oftheemissions betweenzeroand'x'kmwillbecalculated for
eachofthepollutant :
Emissions 'x'km
Emissions zerokm
Itmaybelessthan1,
—thefollowingvehicleswillnotbesubjectedtotherunning-in procedure ,buttheirzerokm
emissionswillbemodifiedbytheevolutioncoefficient .
Inthiscase,thevaluestobetakenwillbe:
—thevaluesat'x'kmforthefirstvehicle,
—thevaluesatzerokmmultiplied bytheevolution coefficient forthefollowing
vehicles .
7.1.1.2.3 Allthesetestsmaybeconducted withcommercial fuel.However ,atthemanufacturer 's
request,thereferencefuelsdescribedinAnnexVIIImaybeused.
7.1.2 IfatypeIIItestistobecarriedout,itshallbeconducted onallvehiclesselectedforthetypeI
COPtest(7.1.1.1).Theconditions laiddowninitem5.3.3.2shallbecompliedwith.
7.1.3 IfatypeIVistobecarriedout,itshallbeconducted inaccordance withitem7of
AnnexVI.'.
Appendix 1
1.ThisAppendixdescribestheproceduretobeusedtoverifytheconformity ofproduction requirements for
thetypeItestwhenthemanufacturer 'sproduction standarddeviation issatisfactory .
2.Withaminimumsamplesizeof3,thesamplingprocedure issetsothattheprobability ofalotpassinga
testwith40%oftheproduction defectiveis0,95(producer'srisk=5%)whiletheprobability ofalot
beingacceptedwith65%oftheproduction defectiveis0,1(consumer'srisk=10%).
3.Foreachofthepollutants giveninparagraph 5.3.1.4ofAnnexI,thefollowingprocedure isused
(seeFigure1.7).
L=Thenaturallogarithmofthelimitvalueforthepollutant .
X;=Thenaturallogarithmofthemeasurement forthei-thvehicleofthesample.
s=Anestimateoftheproduction standarddeviation (aftertakingthenaturallogarithm ofthe
measurements ).
n=Isthecurrentsamplenumber.

26.2.93 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC56/41
4.Computeforthesampletheteststatisticquantifying thesumofthestandarddeviations fromthelimitand
definedas: 1
n
—I(L-Xj)
s
i=1
5.Then:
—iftheteststatisticisgreaterthanthepassdecisionnumberforthesamplesizegiveninTable1.1.5,a
passdecisionisreachedforthepollutant,
—iftheteststatisticislessthanthefaildecisionnumberforthesamplesizegiveninTable1.1.5,afail
decisionisreachedforthepollutant ,
—otherwise ,anadditional vehicleistestedaccordingtoitem7.1.1.1ofAnnexIandthecalculation is
reappliedtothesamplewithasamplesizeoneunitgreater.
TABLE1.1.5
Cumulative numberoftestedvehicles
(currentsamplesize)Passdecisionnumber Faildecisionnumber
3 3,327 -4,724
4 3,261 -4,790
5 3,195 -4,856
6 3,129 -4,922
7 3,063 -4,988
8 2,997 -5,054
9 2,931 -5,120
10 2,865 -5,185
11 2,799 -5,251
12 2,733 -5,317
13 2,667 -5,383
14 2,601 -5,449
15 2,535 -5,515
16 2,469 -5,581
17 2,403 -5,647
18 2,337 -5,713
19 2,271 -5,779
20 2,205 -5,845
21 2,139 -5,911
22 2,073 -5,977
23 2,007 -6,043
24 1,941 -6,109
25 1,875 -6,175
26 1,809 -6,241
27 1,743 -6,307
28 1,677 -6,373
29 1,611 -6,439
30 1,545 -6,505
31 1,479 -6,571
32 -2,112 -2,112

NoC56/42 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities ' 26.2.93
Appendix 2
1.ThisAppendixdescribestheproceduretobeusedtoverifytheconformity ofproduction requirements for
thetypeItestwhenthemanufacturer 'sevidenceofproduction standarddeviationiseitherunsatisfactory
orunavailable .
2.Withaminimumsamplesizeofthree,thesamplingprocedure issetsothattheprobability ofalotpassing
atestwith40%oftheproduction defectiveis0,95(producer'srisk=5%)whiletheprobability ofalot
beingacceptedwith65%oftheproduction defectiveis0,1(consumer'srisk=10%).
3.Themeasurements ofthepollutants giveninparagraph 5.3.1.4ofAnnexIareconsidered tobelog
normallydistributed andshouldfirstbetransformed bytakingtheirnaturallogarithms .Letm0andm
denotetheminimumandmaximumsamplesizesrespectively (m0=3andm=32)andletndenotethe
currentsamplenumber.
4.Ifthenaturallogarithms ofthemeasurements intheseriesarexl5x2,...,XjandListhenatural
logarithmofthelimitvalueforthepollutant,then,define:
dj=xrL
n
d„=-jj-Edjand
j=l
n
v„>=±E(d,-a„)>
i=i
5.Table1.2.5showsvaluesofthepass(An)andfail(Bn)decisionnumbersagainstcurrentsamplenumbers .
Theteststatisticistheratiodn/Vnandshallbeusedtodeterminewhethertheserieshaspassedorfailed
asfollows:
Form0<n<m:
—passtheseriesifdn/Vn<An,
—failtheseriesifdn/Vn>Bn,
—takeanothermeasurement ifAn<dn/Vn<Bn.
6.Remarks
Thefollowingrecursiveformulaeareusefulforcomputing successive valuesoftheteststatistic
3n-(I-—)dn-i+
1 (d-d)2vnv=(i--)vn_P+Q";n n-1
(n=2,3,...;d,=d,;V,=0).

26.2.93 NoC56/43 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
TABLE1.2.5
Minimum samplesize=3
Cumulative numberoftestedvehicles
(currentsamplesize)Passdecisionnumber
A„Faildecisionnumber
®n
3 -0,80381 16,64743
4 -0,76339 7,68627
5 -0,72982 4,67136
6 -0,69962 3,25573
7 -0,67129 2,45431
8 -0,64406 1,94369
9 -0,61750 1,59105
10 -0,59135 1,33295
11 -0,56542 1,13566
12 -0,53960 0,97970
13 -0,51379 0,85307
14 -0,48791 0,74801
15 -0,46191 0,65928
16 -0,43573 0,58321
17 -0,40933 0,51718
18 -0,38266 0,45922
19 -0,35570 0,40788
20 -0,32840 0,36203
21 -0,30072 0,32078
22 -0,27263 0,28343
23 -0,24410 0,24943
24 -0,21509 0,21831
25 -0,18557 0,18970
26 -0,15550 0,16328
27 -0,12483 0,13880
28 -0,09354 0,11603
29 -0,06159 0,09480
30 -0,02892 0,07493
31 0,00449 0,05629
32 0,03876 0,03876