28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/1
I
(Information )
COMMISSION
NINTHANNUAL REPORT
totheEuropeanParliament
onCommission monitoring oftheapplication ofCommunity law
—1991—
(92/C250/01)
COM(92)136final


28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/3
CONTENTS
Page
I.INTRODUCTION 6
II.SECTOR-BY-SECTOR ANALYSIS 8
A.AEuropewithoutfrontiers 8
1.Removalofphysicalbarriers 10
(a)CustomsUnion 10
(b)Freemovement ofagricultural products 11
2.Removaloftechnicalbarriers 13
(a)Freemovement ofgoods 13
(b)Marketinservicesandcapital 17
(1)Themarketforservices 17
(2)Capitalmovements 18
(c)Freedomtoprovidefinancialservices,directtaxationandcompanylaw 19
3.Removaloftaxbarriers 20
4.Freemovementofpersons 22
(a)Banondiscrimination 22
(b)Entryandresidence 23
(c)Equaltreatment—tradeunionrights 23
(d)Accesstoemployment inthepublicservice 23
(e)Recognition ofqualifications 23
(f)Independent commercial agents 26
5.Consumerpolicyandproductsafety 26
B.Employment andsocialpolicy 27
1.Equaltreatment 27
2.Theanti-cancer campaign 28
3.Socialsecurityformigrantworkers 28
4.Workingconditions 28
C.Commonagricultural andfisheriespolicies 29
1.Commonagricultural policy 29
2.Commonfisheriespolicy 33
D.Competition 35
1.Publicundertakings 35
2.Monopolies 35
E.Transport 36
1.Roadtransport 36
2.Inlandwaterways 37

NoC250/4 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
Page
F.Environment 38
1.Protection ofwildfaunaandflora 38
2.Water 38
3.Air 38
4.Noise 39
5.Waste;chemicalandbiochemical substances 39
G.Energy 39
1.Petroleumproducts 39
2.Transitofelectricity 39
3.Transparency ofprices 40
4.Coal 40
H.Externaldimension 40
1.Externalrelations 40
2.Development cooperation 40
I.Statistical ,administrative andbudgetarymatters 40
1.Statistics 40
2.Community staff 41
3.Budgetary matters 42
III.TABLES ,CHARTSANDSUMMARIES 42
No1Infringement proceedings initiatedsince1987,classifiedbystageofproceedings and
MemberState 43
No2Numberoflettersofformalnotice,1986to1991,classifiedbysector 44
No3Numberofreasonedopinions,1986to1991,classifiedbysector 45
No4NumberofreferencestotheCourtofJustice,1986to1991,classifiedbysector 46
No5Infringement proceedings initiatedsince1984,classifiedbystageofproceedings and
sector 47
No6Infringement proceedings initiatedsince1984,classifiedbysectorandlegalbasis 48
No7Numberofinfringement proceedings initiatedsince1984,classifiedbylegalbasisand
stageofproceedings 49
No8Numberofinfringement proceedings initiatedsince1988,classifiedbyMemberState,
legalbasisandstageofproceedings 50

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/5
Page
No9References toCourtandjudgments since1987 51
No10CourtofJusticejudgments deliveredupto31December 1991,notcompliedwith 55
No11Application ofCommunity lawbynationalcourts 70
No12Statisticsoncomplaints andinfringements detectedbytheCommission 'sowninquiries 73
IV.ANNEXES
A.Infringements oftheTreatiesandofRegulations 78
B.Infringement ofDirectives 96
C.Monitoring oftheapplication byMemberStatesofenvironment Directives 150

NoC250/6 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
I.INTRODUCTION
MEPsareplayinganincreasingly significant role,
too:Theannualreportonmonitoring oftheapplication of
Community Law(')isproducedinresponsetoarequest
madebyParliament initsresolution of9February
1983(2).Inpoint2ofdeclaration No19onthe
implementation ofCommunity lawannexedtothe
TreatyonEuropeanUnionsignedinMaastricht on7
February1992,theConference 'askstheCommission to
publishperiodically afullreportforthememberStates
andtheEuropeanParliament .'Thisninthreportisthe
responsetothetworequests .—thesharpriseinthenumberofArticle169(EEC)
proceedings shouldnothidethefactthatthe
Commission usesthisinstrument toputanendto
infringements —inparticular tosecureproper
implementation ofdirectives —withoutactions
necessarily havingtobebroughtbeforetheCourtof
Justice;
Itcomprises asector-by-sector analysis,whichis
followedbyasetoftablesandchartsandthreeannexes :—contactswiththenationalauthorities areplayingan
increasingly importantrole;
—alistofinfringements oftheTreatiesandregulations
at31December 1991(AnnexA),—thesameistrueofmeasures toenhanceunder­
standingandknowledge ofCommunity law.
—alistofinfringements ofdirectivesat31December
1991(AnnexB), Implementation ofdirectives
—areviewoftheapplication ofenvironmental
directivesat31December 1991,asrequestedbythe
DublinEuropeanCouncilinJune1990(AnnexC).Inpoint1oftheabovementioned declaration annexedto
theTreatyonEuropeanUnion,'theConference stresses
thatitiscentraltothecoherence andunityofthe
processofEuropean construction thateachMember
Stateshouldfullyandaccurately transposeintonational
lawtheCommunity directivesaddressedtoinwithinthe
deadlines laiddowntherein.' Anumberofpointsemergefromthereport:
—thetransposal ofCommunity lawintonationallaw,
notablytheimplementation ofdirectives,isoneof
theCommunity 'schiefconcerns,especially inthe
run-upto1993;Thelistofinfringements ofdirectivesshowsthediffi­
cultiesencountered byMemberStatesinkeepingupwith
thepaceofCommunity legislative activity,inparticular
with174directivesbecomingdueforimplementation in
1991.TheCommission isconcerned atthedelays
observed .Aswellassystematically initiatingtheArticle
169procedure ,itissteppingupitscontactswithnational
authorities alsowithaviewtohelpingthemtodealwith
anymajorriskswhichmightcompromise theopening-up
offrontiersby1993.—complaints fromcitizenscontinuetobeakeyfactor
inthedetectionofinfringements .Questions by
Thesector-by-sector analysisincludes,foreachareaof
Community activity,atableshowingtheimplementation
ofdirectives applicable at31December 1991(notifi­
cationofimplementing measuresuptothattime).(')FirstannualreportCOM(84)181final,20.4.1984.
SecondannualreportCOM(85)149final,23.4.1985.
ThirdannualreportCOM(86)204final,3.6.1986,
publishedinOJNoC220,1.9.1986.
FourthannualreportCOM(87)250final,24.8.1987,
publishedinOJNoC338,16.12.1987.
FifthannualreportCOM(88)425final,13.9.1988,
publishedinOJNoC310,5.12.1988.
SixthannualreportCOM(89)411final,22.12.1989,
published inOJNoC330,30.12.1989.
SeventhannualreportCOM(90)288final,22.5.1990,
publishedinOJNoC232,17.9.1990.
EighthannualreportCOM(91)231final,31.7.1991,
publishedinOJNoC338,31.12.1991.
OOJNoC68,14.3.1983.Asthesituation inanumberofMember Stateshas
improvedsubstantially sincetheendoftheyear(Italy,
forinstance,notifiedimplementing measuresforaround
ahundreddirectivesattheendofFebruaryunderthe

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/7
Italian'Community Act'),itisconsidered worth
presenting herethepositionforthesedirectivesat25
March1992aswellasat31December 1991.—complaints lodgedbyprivateindividuals whohave
sufferedinsomewayinanareacoveredby
Community law.Thenumberofcomplaints
registered isstillveryhigh,althoughlowerthanin
1990(1252in1990asagainst 1052in1991).It
shouldbestressedthatcomplaints aretreatedinstrict
confidence (whichisnotbreached eveninthis
report),Positionat31December 1991
—casesdetectedbytheCommission itself(381in1991
asagainst283in1990).Commission staffmakeuse
ofallthesourcesofinformation available (meetings
withnationalexpertsorinCouncilbodies,Member
States'officialjournals,nationalorspecialized press).
Itismostimportant tostressthat125ofthecases
comedirectlyorindirectly fromParliamentary
questionsand17frompetitionssenttoParliament .Directives
applicableon
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium 831 733 88
Denmark 830 809 97
Germany 832 773 92,9
Greece 820 735 89,6
Spain 826 760 92
France 836 795 95
Ireland 822 721 88,6
Italy 840 643 76,5
Luxembourg 826 718 86,9
Netherlands 831 752 90
Portugal 819 701 85,5
UnitedKingdom 824 781 94,7UseofArticle169oftheEECTreaty
Thefollowingpicturecanbepainted :
Positionat25March1992
—thetotalnumberoflettersofformalnoticefell(877
in1991compared with960in1990).Thisis
accounted forbyadesiretolimitthenumberof
procedures :whereanumberofcomplaints relateto
thesamesubject,theyaregroupedtogetherina
singleinfringement file.Butanotherreasonisthatin
1990theCommission setupstricterarrangements for
sendinglettersofnoticeforfailuretonotify
implementing measures ,whichmeantthatthatyeara
largevolumeofarrearswasworkedoff;Directives
applicableon
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium 831 778 93,6
Denmark 830 822 99
Germany 832 808 97
Greece 820 769 93,7
Spain 826 780 94
France 836 808 96,6
Ireland 822 766 93
Italy 840 773 92
Luxembourg 826 742 89,8
Netherlands 831 790 95
Portugal 819 739 90
UnitedKingdom 824 799 96,9—thetotalnumberofreasonedopinioncontinued to
increasesharplycompared withthepreviousyear
(412in1991asagainst251in1990).Themain
reasonforthisincrease isthatinanumberofcases
thelettersofnoticesentin1990forfailuretonotify
implementing measuresdidnotproduceanyaction.
Therearenowmoreandmoreprocedures being
initiatedagainstMemberStates;
Meansofdetectinginfringements
Apartfromtheformalmonitoring ofmeasuresfor
implementing directives,theCommission ,initscontrol
function,alsorelieson:—thenumberofcasesreferredtotheCourtofJustice
wasdown(64in1991asagainst77in1990).This
highlights thefactthatdespitethesharpincrease
inreasoned opinions,infringements arebeing
terminated beforethefinalstageoftheprocedure is
reached .

NoC250/8 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
—theprogramme ofexchangesoflawyersincivil
servicesnowextendstoareascoveredbythe
internalmarket;
—seminars,lecturesandconferences inalllegal
sectorsforwhichtheCommission providesa
subsidy;
—establishment inallMemberStatesbytheendof
1992ofassociations oflawyers.ContactswithMemberStates
ContactswithMemberStatesweresteppedupin1991:
evenmoresothaninthepast,theCommission keepsin
closeandconstantcontactwithnationalauthorities .A
growingnumberofinfringement casesarebeingresolved
bymeansofthiscollaboration .Italsoensuresvirtually
day-by-day monitoring oftheimplementation of
Community lawandobservance oftheMemberStates'
obligation tonotifytheCommission ofnational
implementing measureswithaviewtoidentifying diffi­
cultiesandresolvingthembysolutionswhichdonot
involveformalproceedings .ItistheCommission 's
intention ,inthesecontactsconcerning directives ,not
onlytoaddresscasesoflateimplementation butalsoto
watchoutfordirectivesabouttobecomeapplicable .Whileitisawareoftheneedtospeeduptheintegration
oftheCommunity inlegalmatters,theCommission does
notunderestimate thedifficultiesofitstaskasguardian
oftheTreaties .However,anumberofdevelopments in
1991maywellmobilizetheMemberStatestoimprove
application ofCommunity law.Aspecialmentionshould
bemadeoftwodevelopments inparticular ,one
concerning Courtjudgments andtheothertheTreatyon
EuropeanUnion:
—initsjudgments of20November 1991(Francovich
andBonifaci)theCourtofJusticeheldthatindi­
vidualsareentitledtodemandthattheMemberState
makegooddamagewhichtheysustainedasaresult
oftheMemberState'sfailuretotransposeadirective
andlaiddownthefollowing conditions forits
application :theresulttobeachievedbythedirective
mustincludetheconferment ofrightsonindividuals ,
theserightsmustbeidentifiable onthebasisofthe
directiveandtheremustbeacausallinkbetweenthe
infringement oftheMemberState'sobligation and
thedamagesustained ;
—thenewArticle171oftheTreatylaiddowninthe
TreatyonEuropean UnionwillallowtheCourt,
oncetheTreatyhasenteredintoforce,toimposea
lumpsumorpenaltypaymentonaMemberState
which,aftertheCourthasfoundthatithasfailedto
fulfilitsobligations ,stilldoesnotcomplywiththe
Court'sjudgment .Transparency andsimplification ofCommunity law—
Training
AsParliament hasstatedonanumberofoccasions ,the
situationdemands extraeffortinthisfield:
—transparency andsimplification ofCommunity law.
Inordertodealwiththedifficulties ofimplementing
Community lawcausedbythecomplexity ofthe
legislation ,theCommission haslaunchedtwooper­
ationsforconsolidating legislation :
—legislativeconsodidation proper:thereplacement
ofoldinstruments whichhavebeenrepeatedly
amendedbynewoneswhichhavetobeenacted
bytheCouncil;
—consolidation forinformation purposesonly:the
consolidation ofinstruments ,acquiringnolegal
valuebutenablingnationalauthorities andthe
businessworldtokeepabreastofthedevel­
opmentoflegislation incertainareas;
—trainingoflawyers .TheCommission hasextended
theprogrammes andmeasuresdesignedtoimprove
thetrainingoflawyersinCommunity law:
II.SECTOR-BY-SECTOR ANALYSIS
A.ANAREAWITHOUT INTERNAL FRONTIERS Commission hasputforward alltheproposals
announced intheprogramme andbytheendof1991
morethan82%ofthemhadbeenadoptedbythe
CouncilandParliament .However ,themainburdenof
responsibility fallsontheMemberStates,whohaveto
ensurethattheserulesareincorporated intonationallaw
andactuallyapplied.Theestablishment ofanareawithoutinternalfrontiers
dependsmainlyontheadoptionandimplementation of
thelegislativeprogramme publishedintheCommission 's
WhitePaperin1985.Overthelastthreeyearsthe

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/9
exchange information ,cometoabetterunder­
standingofeachother'sproblemsandmonitorjointly
theimplementation ofCommunity rules.Discussions
arealsoheldatapoliticallevel,inparticular at
informalmeetingsoftheMinistersresponsible forthe
internalmarket .Bytheendof1991,213ofthemeasuressetoutinthe
programme hadbeenadopted .Ofthese,173arealready
inforceintheMemberStates,while136stillrequire
measurestoincorporate themintonationallaw(1).The
taskofimplementing theprogramme mustbegiventhe
highestprioritysinceitwilldetermine whetherthe
abolitionofcontrolsatintra-Community frontiers—
plannedfortheendof1992—isactuallyachieved .
Community lawisallthemoredifficulttoimplement
wherethelegislativeset-upresultsinfragmentation of
thetexts,therebydetracting fromconsistency and
hampering understanding .Forthisreasonthe
Commission embarked onaconsolidation exercisein
1988;ithassofaryieldedaconsolidated Directiveon
cosmetics (2)andaseriesofCommission proposals .TheCommission isresponsible foradministering
Community instruments inthisfieldandmonitoring
theirproperapplication atnationallevel.Thecrucial
importance ofthisaspectoftheestablishment ofthe
singlemarkethaspromptedtheCommission totakea
numberofinitiativesaimedathighlighting thepolitical
significance ofapplyingtheseprovisions ifanarea
withoutinternalfrontiers istobeestablished .Alongside legislativeconsolidation ,theCommission has
announced itsintention ofdeveloping declaratory
consolidation ,wherebyconsolidated texts,whichdonot
havetheforceoflawbutarepublishedforinformation
purposesonly,willbemadeavailabletousersofthe
INFO92database .OpennessregardingthetransposalofDirectives jsof
fundamental importance :theMemberStatesandthe
generalpublicmustknowtheexactstateofprogressin
implementation ineachcountry.Since1989thisinfor­
mationhasbeenpublished inspecialreportsonthe
application ofthemeasuressetoutintheWhitePaper.
Thesituation isalsoreviewedregularlybytheCouncil .
Twootherchannelsofinformation arethepublic
databases INFO92,whichprovidesdetailsonthe
implementation ofsinglemarketlegislation ,and
CELEX,whichcoversallCommunity legislation .Thevariousactivitiesoutlinedabovehavehelped
improvethesituationregarding thetransposal of
Community law:themainevidenceforthisisthe
growingawareness amongcertainMemberStatesof
theirneedtocatchup.Despitetheentryintoforceofa
largevolumeofnewlegislation ,therateoftransposal
roseconsiderably ,from72%attheendof1990tomore
than77%attheendof1991.
TheCommission issteppingupitscooperation with
MemberStates,inparticularthroughbilateralandmulti­
lateralcontacts :ButtheCommission mustnowdomorethanjust
monitorthetransposalofCommunity instruments :itis
intentonsteppingupcontrolsontheirapplication .
Surveillance ofthiskindisparticularly important to
ensuremutualconfidence betweennationaladminis­
trations,especially asregardstheimplementation of
legislation onveterinary andplanthealthcontrolsand
Directivesontheopeningupofpublicprocurement .In
thiscontext,twoinitiativesarealreadyunderway:—itholdsbilateralmeetingswithnationalgovernment
departments —knowas'packagemeetings'—to
takestockofprogressintheimplementation of
Directives andobservance ofArticle30oftheEEC
Treaty.Thesemeetingsensurethatthesituationis
keptconstantlyunderjointreviewandallowthe
Commission tobringextrapressuretobearonthe
competent nationaldepartments .In1991meetings
wereheldwiththeGreekandIrishauthorities ,which
helpedimprovethesituationregardingthetransposal
ofDirectives ;—exchangesbetweennationalcivilservants .InOctober
1991theCommission presented totheCouncilan
actionplan—tobecomeoperational inJanuary1993
—coveringallaspectsoftheinternalmarket.The
plansupplements specificprogrammes adoptedbythe
Council(inthecustomsandveterinary fields)and
existingpilotschemes (taxation).Itschouldhelp
ensuregreaterconvergence betweenthenational
arrangements foradministering Community rules; —agroupofseniornationalcivilservantswassetupin
1990toexamineproblemsinachievingthe1992
objective .Itmetfivetimesin1991.Thesemeetings
provideanopportunity forMemberStatesto
(')Commission communication SEC(91)2491final. (')NotyetformallyadoptedbytheCouncil.

NoC250/10 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
provisions isthefactthattheyarealmostallcontainedin
Regulations .—theestablishment ofelectronic datatransmission
networksfortheexchangeofinformation between
nationaladministrations concerning theadminis­
trationofCommunity rules.InOctober1991the
Commission presentedtheprioritiesforestablishing
suchnetworksanddefinedthevariousrequirements .
TheCommission aimstomakesuchnetworksoper­
ationalbytheendof1992toensuretheproper
application oftherulesadoptedonindirecttaxation,
veterinary andplanthealthcontrols,statisticsand
customs .SincetheseRegulations aredirectlyapplicable ,there
shouldbenodifferenceinthewaytheyareimplemented
fromoneMemberStatetoanother.However,customs
treatment stillvariesbecauseofthedifferentinterpre­
tationsfavouredbynationalauthorities inissuing
instructions totheirowndepartments .
TheCommission hasthereforebegunadetailedreview
ofcustomsprovisionstoremedythissituation .Thesetwoinitiatives reflecttheCommission 'sdesireto
extenditsmonitoring activitiestocovernotonlythe
transposal ofDirectivesbutalsotheproperapplication
ofCommunity rulesatthevarioustiersofgovernment in
theMember States.
1.REMOVAL OFPHYSICAL BARRIERSInfringement proceedings inthecustomsunionsector
mainlyinvolveintra-Community tradeandare
concerned withArticles9etseq.oftheEECTreaty,
whichbananychargeshavinganeffectequivalent to
customsdutiesintradebetweenMemberStates,and
CouncilDirective 83/643/EECof1December 1983on
thefacilitation ofphysicalinspections andadministrative
formalities inrespectofthecarriageofgoodsbetween
Member States.Thepoliticaldimension oftheareawithoutinternal
frontiersdependsontheadoptionandimplementation of
allprovisions relatingtocustoms,statisticsandanimal
andplanthealthwhicharedesignedtoremovephysical
controlsatinternalfrontiers .Italsodependsonthe
vigorousapplication ofArticles30etseq.oftheEEC
Treatytochallengeanybordercontrolwhichmightbe
considered tobedisproportionate totheobjectivesbeing
pursued .Thisreportdoesnotdealwiththeapplication
ofmeasuresadoptedtoensurethefreemovement of
persons,asthemostimportantofthesemeasureshave
beenadoptedinthecontextofinternational agreements .In1991anumberofmajorinfringement proceedings
weresettledafterMember Stateshadreactedto
Commission pressureandcompliedwithitsrequests .
Worthmentioning inthisrespectarethecasesrelatingto
thechargeleviedinFranceforthecomputerized
checkingofcustomsdeclarations ,therefusaltoallow
freemovement ofgoodsimportedfromthirdcountries
andboundforAndorraandtwocasesconcerning Italy
(obstaclestothefreemovement ofironandsteel
products,systematic checksonbondedgoods). (a)Customsunion
Theinfringement relatingtotheimportlevyinthe
CanaryIslandsonflourofbread-making qualitywas
settledbytheintroduction ofCommunity measuresto
integratetheislandsmorecloselyintotheCommunity
(CouncilRegulation (EEC)No1911/91of26June1991
andCouncilDecision 91/314/EECof26June1991
settingupaprogramme ofoptionsspecifictotheremote
andinsularnatureoftheCanaryIslands—Poseican).Alongside themeasuresadoptedbytheCouncil,the
Commission ,inconjunction withtheMemberStates,
conducted asystematic surveyofthecontrolscarriedout
bycustomsadministrations atintra-Community frontiers .
Theresultsofthesurveyshowthatmanycontrols
involvetechnical checksonproductsorinspections
relatingtotheprotectionofpublichealth,environmental
protection orsecurity .
InDecember 1991theCommission published a
communication ontheabolitionofbordercontrols,
whichdrawsconclusions fromthesurvey.The
Commission hasalsocontactedtherelevantdepartments
intheMemberStatestoassessthecompatibility ofsome
ofthesecontrolswiththeTreatyorwithsecondary
•legislation .Themaininfringement proceedings currentlyunderway
concernItaly(disproportionate chargesforservices
suppliedbycustomstoseveralfirmsatthesametime,
customsagents'monopolyandprices,veterinary services'
telegramcostschargedtolivestockimporters—inthis
lastcasetheCommission hascommenced proceedings
againstItalyunderArticle171forfailingtoimplement a
CourtrulingintheCommission 'sfavour)andPortugal
(refusaltoallowforwarding agentstomakecustoms
declarations ,stampdutyonimport).Asstatedinlastyear'sreport,afeatureofthemoni­
toringoftheapplication ofCommunity customs

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/11
obstacles detectedandcombated byCommission
departments remainasbefore,andhavebeenclassified
assetoutbelow.Theinfringement proceedings relatingtoimportsof
militaryequipment freeofcustomsdutiesunderthe
CommonCustomsTariffarestillsuspended pendingthe
outcomeofdiscussions intheCouncil .
Progressinimplementing Directivesapplicabletothecustoms
unionThereasonmostfrequently putforwardbyMember
Statesforimposingsuchobstacles istheprotection of
public,animalandplanthealth:
TheCommission isgratifiedbythesituationhere.
—technicalprovisions relatingtothepresentation ,
qualityandpackaging ofproductswhichhavethe
effectofrestricting ordiscouraging imports.Acase
inpointisItalianLawNo396of2February1939,
whichprohibitstheproduction ofcheeseswithafat
contentlowerthanthatstipulatedbyItalianlawfor
marketing inItaly.Thishastheeffectofpreventing
themarketing ofimportedcheeseswhichhavebeen
lawfullymanufactured andmarketedintheMember
Stateoforiginandwascondemned bytheCourtof
Justiceinitsjudgmentof11October1990inCase
210/89(5).TheItalianauthorities havesincegiven
noticeoftheirintentiontorepealthelawinquestion .Directives
applicableon
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium 17 17 100
Denmark 17 17 100
Germany 17 17 100
Greece 17 17 100
Spain 17 17 100
France 17 17 100
Ireland 17 17 100
Italy 17 17 100
Luxembourg 17 17 100
Netherlands 17 17 100
Portugal17 17 100
UnitedKingdom 17 17 100InasimilarcaseFrancehastakenthenecessarysteps
tocomplywiththejudgmentoftheCourtofJustice
inCase286/86(Edam)wheretheCourtruledthat,
'Articles30etseq.oftheTreatymustbeinterpreted
asprecluding aMemberStatefromapplyingnational
legislationmakingtherighttousethetradenameof
atypeofcheesesubjecttotheobservance ofa
minimumfatcontenttoproductsofthesametype
importedfromanotherMemberStatewhenthose
productshavebeenlawfullymanufactured and
marketedunderthatnameinthatMemberStateand
consumers areprovidedwithproperinformation '(4).(b)Freemovementofagricultural products
Establishing freedomofmovement foragricultural
products(x)inasinglemarketisoneoftheprinciples
underpinning theoperationoftheCAPanditscommon
marketorganizations .TheItalianauthorities haveannounced their
intentionofremovingasimilarrestrictionconcerning
thesystemformonitoring theauthenticity ofbutter,
whichisbasedentirelyontheratiobetweencertain
fattyacidsestablished withreferencetohome­
producedbutterwithouttakingintoaccountstandard
valuesforbutterproducedinotherMemberStates.TheCourtofJusticehasrepeatedly pointedoutthat
Articles30and34oftheEECTreatyarestillanintegral
partofthecommonmarketorganizations ,eventhough
therehasnolongerbeenanyneedtowritethemintothe
Regulations since1January1970(2).
In1991theCommission onceagainkeptaconstant
watchtomakesurethatobstaclestotradeinagricultural
productsintheCommunity wereremoved .ThetypesofAsregardstheItalianlawsettingamaximumfat
contentforbutterat82°/o,whichalsoappliesto
(')ThoselistedinAnnexIItotheEECTreaty.
(2)SeejudgmentoftheCourtofJusticeinCase83/78Pigs
Marketing BoardvRedmond [1978]ECR2347,2371,
Ground55.(})Judgment oftheCourtofJusticeinCase210/89
Commission vItaly[1990]ECR3697.
(4)JudgmentoftheCourtofJusticeinCase286/86Ministère
PublicvDeserbais [1988]ECR4907,4927.

NoC250/12 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
butterimportedfromotherMemberStates,theauth­
oritieshaveinformedtheCommission thatthisruleis
nolongerappliedinpracticeandthatabillonthe
matterhasbeenpassedbytheItalianParliament .licence'schemewhilethecaseconcerning Ireland
hasbeenreferredtotheCourtofJustice(Case
235/91).Thepriorauthorization schemeforthe
importofdairyproductsintoDenmarkhasbeen
abolishedandreplacedbyalicenceschemewhich
conformstoCommunity law.
However ,theItalianauthorities havestillnotlifted
therestrictions onthemarketing orimporting into
Italyofoilsandfats(therequirement thatatracerbe
present)whichhavebeencondemned bytheCourtof
Justice('). Initsjudgmentof5July1990inCase304/88,
theCourtofJusticeruledagainstBelgium's
practiceofindividually authorizing eachimport
ofmeatorlivestock fromotherMember
States(4).TheBelgianauthorities havenow
suspended thearrangements inquestionand
agreedtoadoptlegislative measurestoensure
thattheCourt'srulingisimplemented .Lastly,theCommission hasnotedwithsatisfaction
that,afterreceivingareasonedopinion,theGreek
authorities haveadoptedanewregulation inorderto
complywiththeCourt'sjudgment inCase124/85,
whichcondemned therestrictions ontheimportof
andwholesale tradeincertaincutsoffreshbeefand
vealO;
—Importcontrols :thesearethemostnumerousofall
theobstaclestotrade.Adistinction shouldbedrawn
betweenthefollowingtypes:(d)Over-complicated checkingarrangements suchas
thoseinforceinGermany ,whichrequiredtrans­
portersoffreshpoultrymeat asamatterofcourse
todeclaretheirgoodsinadvancesothatanimal
healthinspectors couldbecalledinroutinely .
Following theCourtofJustice'sruling(5),
Germanytooktherequisitestepstocomplyin
practice .Otherpracticeswerealsocondemned by
theCourtofJustice,suchasthebanplacedby
Italyonimportsofgrapefruit fromother
MemberStatesthroughitslandborderposts(6).
InviewofItaly'srefusaltocomplywiththe
Court'sruling,theCommission hasdecidedto
sendareasonedopinion.(a)Doublechecksandsystematic checkssuchas
thoseappliedinItalytosaltedfishimportedfrom
Greecewithahealthcertificate issuedbythe
MemberStateofdispatchortolivestock,meat,
dairyproductsandfisheryproductswhenanimal
healthinspectorsareonstrikeandarereplaced
bymilitaryveterinarysurgeons .
(b)Therequirement thattheproducerMemberState
issuecertificates guaranteeing thatproducts
conformtothestandards oftheimporting
MemberState;sucharequirement wasappliedin
Greeceinrespectofpasteurized butterbutwas
abolishedbytheGreekauthorities followingthe
judgmentoftheCourtofJusticeinCase
205/89(3).(e)Thesettingofasinglemaximumprofitmargin
appliedtoimportedandhome-produced cheeses
inGreece.Thispracticediscriminated against
importedproductssincethecostofimporting
wasincludedintheprofitmargin.Itwas
abolished bytheGreekauthorities afterthe
Commission hadsentareasonedopinion .
(c)Therequirement forpriorimportlicencesor
permitsappliedinItalytoanyvegetablematter
sensitivetofireblightandintheUnited
KingdomandIrelandtospermintendedforarti­
ficialinsemination purposes .TheUnited
Kingdomnowallowstheimportofsperm
collectedafter1July1990underthe'general(f)Bansontheimportofproductsfromother
MemberStates,forexamplecrayfishinGermany
andpigsinPortugal .TheCommission has
decidedtoreferthesecasestotheCourtof
(*)JudgmentoftheCourtofJusticeinCase67/88Commission
vItaly[1990]ECR4285.
(J)Judgment oftheCourtofJusticeinCase124/85
Commission vGreece[1986]ECR3935.
(J)JudgmentoftheCourtofJusticeinCase205/89,notyet
reported .(4)Judgment oftheCourtofJusticeinCase304/88
Commission vBelgium,[1990]ECR2801.
(5)JudgmentoftheCourtofJusticeof28November 1989in
Case186/88Commission vGermany ,[1989]ECR3997.
(4)JudgmentoftheCourtofJusticeof12July1990inCase
128/89Commission vItaly,[1990]ECR3239.

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/13
Justice.Meanwhile ,Francehasrepealeditslegis­
lationprohibiting theimportofallshellfish
intended forimmersion orimplantation on
Frenchshellfishfarms.regulations which,withoutbeingstrictlyspeaking
discriminatory ,subjectedimportedproductstonational
rulesinsuchawayastobeinrestraintofintra­
Community trade.
2.REMOVAL OFTECHNICAL BARRIERS
Removingtechnicalbarriersentailsapplyingtherulesin
theTreatyandintroducing themeasurescalledforby
theWhitePaper.TheCommission actsoncomplaints itreceives,on
problemsbroughtupbyParliament andonpetitions
presented toParliamentary committees .Commission
departments havealsodeveloped apracticeofmoni­
toringnationalregulations whichcometotheirnotice.
Asregardsindustrial products therehasbeena
continuing riseinmonitoring activity,thenumberof
casestobeconsidered underArticles30to36ofthe
EECTreatyrisingtomorethan1500in1991.In
around60ofthem,infringement proceedings were
commenced underArticle169oftheEECTreaty.TheWhitePaperlegislative programme isvirtually
complete .Workhasnowreachedtheimplementation
stage—transposing ,vettingandadjustingthelegis­
lation.Thereisalargebodyoflegislation here.Ofthe
135measures intheWhitePaper,78arealready
applicable intheMemberStates.Theycoverallareas,
thoughtechnicalregulations accountforthelion'sshare.
Thesenewmeasureshavebeenbywayofadditionto
thosealreadyinforcebeforetheWhitePaper.
Thecasesmainlyconcerned publicsupplycontracts,
nationalpricingrules,genericdesignations forcertain
typesofnationalproduct,exclusive industrial and
commercial propertyrights,nationaladvertising rules,
theobligation tousethenationallanguageatstages
upstreamoftheretailsalestage,andsoon.(a)Freemovement ofgoods
TheCommission pursueditsmeasures toremove
technicalbarrierstotradeingoodsonthebasisofthe
threeinstruments availableinCommunity law—Articles
30to36oftheEECTreaty,prohibiting measuresequi­
valenttoquantitative effect;preventive measuresunder
Directive 83/189/EEC;andapproximation oflaws
underArticles100and100aoftheEECTreaty.Following theapproach calledforbyParliament 's
resolution of22February 1991(*),theCommission
pursuedthepracticeofregulardialoguewiththe
MemberStatesatwhatarenowknownaspackage
meetingstofindrapidsolutionstocasesoutstanding .
Thenewapproach isbasedontrustandcooperation ;it
hasyieldedverygoodresults,ascanbeseenfromthe
lowfrequency ofreferralstotheCourtofJustice.
PackagemeetingswereheldthisyearwithFrance,
Germany ,Greece,Italy,PortugalandSpain. (i)Articles30etseq.oftheEECTreatyandtheprinciple
ofmutualrecognition
Implementing themutualrecognition principlehaseffec­
tivelyliberalized wholemarketsandopenedthemupto
Community competition .Awiderangeofrestrictive
rulesandpracticeshavebeenadjustedtothedimension
ofthesinglemarketinfood,manufacturing andtele­
communications industries .Articles30etseq.oftheEECTreaty,asinterpreted by
theCourtofJustice,seektoabolishallbarrierstointra­
Community trade.TheruleinCassisdeDijonisthat
anyproductlawfullymadeinaMemberStatemust
broadlyspeakingenjoyaccesstoallotherMember
States.Theprincipleflowingfromthisrule,whichis
behindallthattheCommission doesinthisfield,isthe
principleofmutualrecognition ,wherebyeachMember
Stateacceptsproductswhichcomplywiththerules,
standardsorcustomary processesoftheotherMember
Statesiftheyensurealevelofprotection atleastequi­
valenttoitsown.TheCommission iscontinuing topublishnoticesof
interpretation ,whichareanidealinstrument for
applyingtheprinciplesofsubsidiarity andmutualrecog­
nition.Community lawcanbebroughttoawide
audiencealongwiththecaselawoftheCourtofJustice;
theMemberStatesaregivenguidancefortheirown
law-making purposes ;andthebusinessworldcanbeThisprincipleistheoperational expressionofthesubsi­
diarityprinciple .IthasgiventheCommission the
groundsforattackingthousandsofnationaltechnical 0OJNoC72,18.3.1991.

NoC250/14 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
(iii)Implementation ofDirectives acquainted withtherightsconferredbytheCommunity
legalorder.Following itsgeneralnoticeonthefree
movement offoodstuffs withintheCommunity ('),the
Commission published aspecificnoticeonthenames
underwhichfoodstuffs aresoldon15october1991in
theOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities No
C270of15October 1991.Technical harmonization andstandardization
Apartfromafewdelaysinadjustingtothenew
approach ,particularly infoodstuffs ,thisisanareawhich
givesrelativelylittlecauseforconcern,bearinginmind
thenumberofDirectives involved .
(ii)Thepreventive rulesofDirective83/189/EEC
Thenewapproach
OftheDirectivesadoptedbytheCouncilunderthenew
approach ,onlythoserelatingtopressurevessels,toy
safety,electromagnetic compatibility andconstruction
productsarealreadyinforce.ThefirstDirectives on
pressurevesselsandtoysafetyenteredintoforcein
1990;theirimplementation hasnotbeensatisfactory ,
particularly onthepressurevesselsside.Thetwolater
Directives ,inforcesincemid-1991,havebeenfully
transposed inonlyfourMemberStates.Thenotification procedureofDirective83/189/EEC,as
amendedbyDirective 88/182/EEC,isanessentialtool
forpreventing barrierstotradefrombeingraisedandfor
sharinginformation .MemberStatesarerequiredto
notifydraftsofnewtechnicalregulations forvetting.
Theamendment madebyDirective 88/182/EECextends
theprocedure toalltechnicalregulations exceptthose
issuedtoimplement Directives .
TohelpMemberStateswiththetransposal ,the
Commission organizesmeetingsofseniorofficialsfrom
standards officestoconsiderquestionsrelatingtothe
presentation ofthenewapproach .Ithaspresentedtothe
Councilaproposalforaregulation concerning theEC
marketconformity asameansofharmonizing therules
onmarkinglaiddowninawholeseriesofdirectives .TheCommission enforcesthenotification systemby
routinelyscrutinizing theregulations issuedbythe
MemberStates.Therearecurrentlyabout40setsof
regulations underscrutiny.IftheDirective isinfringed ,
Article169proceedings arecommenced .
Harmonization bysector
(a)Motorvehicles,agricultural tractorsandmotorcyclesIn1991theCommission received415draftsofnational
technicalregulations forvettingunderArticles30to36
oftheEECTreaty.Thisrepresents a5%risefrom
1990.Around170ofthese415casesrequiredadetailed
opinion.Themainpurposeistosecurecompliance with
theprincipleofmutualrecognition anddebartheestab­
lishmentofnewbarrierstotrade:considerable success
hasbeenachieved .TheMemberStatesagreedwiththe
opinionin95cases,butinfivecasestheCommission had
toasktheMemberStateforaone-yearpostponement of
themeasure,sinceharmonization Directiveswereinthe
pipeline,threeofthembeingoverandabovewhatwas
announced intheWhitePaper.Therateoftransposal ofthe143Directives involved
here(99onmotorvehicles,39ontractorsand5on
motorcycles )hasbeenreasonably goods,withagreat
improvement onpreviousyears.Partoftheexplanation
liesinthefactthatGreecehastransposed 18Directives
forwhichinfringement proceedings hadbeen
commenced .
In1991theCommission examined 40infringement cases
—37forfailuretonotifynationalmeasures (24ofthem
beingnowclosed),andthreeforfailuretoapply
Directives properly(ofwhich2arenowclosed).
Inthetractorsarea,therearedelaysinimplementing
Directives 89/680/EEC,89/681/EECand89/682/EEC (l)OJNoC271,24.10.1989.

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/15
in37casesandreasonedopinionsin35;theremaining
two(non-ionic andanionicsurfaceagents)havebeen
referredtotheCourt.(protection devices).ThreeMemberStates(Belgium,
GermanyandLuxembourg )havenotyettransposed
them.
(e)Mechanical engineering ,measuring equipment ,
prepackaging ,electronics andmedicalequipmentOfthefiveDirectivesonmotorcycles alreadyinforce,
onlyone(Directive89/235/EEConthesoundlevelof
motorcycle exhaustsystems)remainstobetransposed ,
andthatonlyinGreece;infringement proceedings are
underway.
Intheseindustriestherewasawelcomeimprovement in
thetransposal rate,mainlybecauseofeffortsmadeby
T;A(( GreeceandPortugaltocatchup.Cooperation between(b)roodstuns t^eCommission andtheMemberStateshasbeen
amplified .
Thisistheindustrywiththemostseriousdelaysin
transposal .Progressisveryslow,chieflybecauseofthe
complexity ofthesubject-matter .TheCommission is
payingspecialattentiontotheimplementation ofthe
newframework Directives ,notablythehealthinspection
Directive ,onwhichgenuinefreemovement ofgoods
depends .Thereare91harmonization Directives ,ofwhich86are
duefortransposal (theremaining fivefallduein1992).
Thenumberofinfringement proceedings iswelldown
onthepreviousyear's;ofthe56casesunderway(down
from103lastyear),only13werecommenced in1991.
Inthecourseoftheyear106infringement caseswere
examined .Allconcerned failurestonotify;reasoned
opinionshavegoneoutin65ofthem,andanother34
havealreadybeenclosed.TheCommission wasabletoclosehalfthecases
commenced againstPortugal .Evenso,despitethegreat
effortsmade,thatisstillthecountrywiththehighest
numberofinfringements (29cases).Thereasonisthat
obligations flowingfromtheActofAccession havestill
notbeenfullydischarged .
Commission staffareinregularcontactwiththeauth­
oritiesintheMember Statestoassistthemtheir
transposal problems ,especiallyincomplexcaseswhere
thereareseparatedeadlinesforthemarketing of
productsthatcomplyandthebanningofproductsthat
donot.Greecehasalsomadeaspecialeffortandonlyonecase
wasstillinprogressattheendoftheyear.Sixcases
againstIrelandwereclosedinthecourseoftheyear,
leavingonlyoneinprogress .Theremainder breaks
downasfollows :
(c)Pharmaceuticals Spain(7);Netherlands (6);Luxembourg (4);Italy(3);
Germany (3);UnitedKingdom (2);Belgium (1);
Denmark (1).ItwillbenoticedthatFrancehasfully
discharged itsobligations .MostoftheDutch
infringements areintheparticularly sensitivemachine
toolsindustry .Therateoftransposal pickedupin1991andthe
situationnowisreallyrathersatisfactory .Italyaloneis
laggingbehindwithDirective87/20/EEC(veterinary
medicines),inforcesince1987.
(d)ChemicalsTheCommission tookproceedings insixcases
concerning failureofimplementing measurestocomply
properlywiththeDirectives,butwasabletoclosethree
ofthem(againstDenmark ,FranceandGermany).
Proceedings continueagainstGreeceandItalyregarding
Directive 73/23/EEC(low-tension equipment )and
againstIrelandregarding Directive 84/532/EEC
(construction plant);thesecasesareonthewaytobeing
solved.Herethesituationisbroadlystable,andsomeearlier
delayssubsist.The74proceedings inhandallconcern
failuretonotify.Lettersofformalnoticehavegoneout

NoC250/16 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
Openingupofpublicprocurement departments )toissueanoticeforguidanceatthe
beginningofeachfinancialyear,settingoutthevarious
contracts worthECU750000ormorewhichare
expectedtobeplacedineachproductcategory .Two
reasonedopinionswereaddressed toItalytofollowup
actiontakenin1989(')concerning procedural delaysin
publishing noticesofinvitationtotender(verification
systemrunwiththePublications Office).Publicprocurement isamongtheCommunity 'schief
prioritiesinthe1992programme .Therehavebeen
changestotherulesgoverningtheawardofpublicworks
andsupplycontracts .Buttherehavebeendelaysin
transposing thenewDirectives ,sothattheycannotbe
appliedinaharmonious fashionbythepublicauthorities
andstate-owned enterprises oftheMemberStates.
In1991theCommission 'sactivitiesinthisfieldconcen­
tratedonthreeaspects :TheCommission continued actionbegunin1990tovet
theplacingofcontractsinconnection withprojectsor
programmes financedbythestructuralFundsorother
Community machinery (2).
—transposalofDirectives ;
Infringement caseswereprocessed inthefollowing
areas : —vettingtheirapplication byvariouspublic-sector
bodies;
—processing individualinfringement cases.—interpretation ofthescopeofDirectives :
Thesituationregardingtransposal isdescribedbelow.
—conceptofawardingauthority—infringement
proceedings againstSpainfortherecognition of
theConsorcidelaVilaOlimpica(acomposite
publicauthority)asanawardingauthorityforthe
purposesofDirective71/305/EECwereclosed;Directive89/665/EEConcomplaintprocedures isthe
onlyoneoftheWhitePaperDirectivestohavecome
intoforcein1991.FourMemberStateshavenotified
implementing measures .
TheCommission tookPortugaltotheCourtofJustice
forfailuretonotifymeasurestransposing Directive
77/62/EECandissuedareasonedopiniontoSpainfor
incorrectly transposing Directives 77/62/EECand
71/305/EEC.—typeofcontractsubjecttotheDirective—
proceedings againsttheNetherlands concerning a
meteorological officecomputer leasingcontract
notcomplying withthesuppliesDirectives
(77/62/EEC,asamendedby88/295/EEC)were
closed;
TheCommission commenced Courtproceedings against
Italy,andaddressed areasonedopiniontothe
Netherlands ,forfailuretonotifymeasuresimplementing
Directive 88/295/EEC(publicsupplycontracts).
Infringement proceedings werealsocommenced against
BelgiumforfailuretoapplytheDirectiveproperly .—excluded sectors—theCommission closedthe
proceedings againstPortugalinrespectofa
publicsupplycontracttobeawardedbyAero­
portoseNavigação EP,abodytobetreatedasa
publictransportauthorityforthepurposesof
Directive 77/62/EECandArticle3(4)of
Directive 71/305/EEC.Infringement proceedings werecommenced againstItaly
andtheNetherlands inrelationtothenewpublicworks
Directive (89/440/EEC).
Theworkofvettingapplication ofDirectives bypublic­
sectorbodiescentredonArticle9(1)ofDirective
88/295/EECregarding theobligation forwhatare
knownasGATTauthorities (centralprocurement(')EighthAnnualReporttotheEuropean Parliament on
Commission monitoring oftheapplication ofCommunity
law(1990),pointII.A.2.A,(iii).
(2)Ibid.

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/17
Infringement proceedings broughtbytheCommission
aredirectedtowardsabolitionofrestrictions imposedby
nationallegislation contrarytoArticles52and59ofthe
EECTreaty.—FailuretopublishanoticeintheOfficialJournalof
theEuropeanCommunities ,ongroundsofurgency
notinconformity withtheDirectives'requirements .
TheCommission continuedinvestigating caseswhere
noticeswereissuedonlyinnationalpublications or
wheretherewasnoprovisionforpublicityatall.
—Theobligationtobeenteredinanationalsuppliers'
register.AreasonedopinionwasaddressedtoItalyin
respectoffourcontractstobeawardedbytheAsses­
soratoAcqueedAcquedotti inNaples.ThejudgmentgivenbytheCourtofJusticeon25July
1991inCaseC-353/89declaredthattheNetherlands
hadfailedtofulfilitsobligations bymaintaining
restrictions onthecableretransmission ofprogrammes
broadcast fromotherMemberStatesandcontaining
advertising materialaddressed specifically tothepublic
inthereceivingcountryaswellasbyrequiringbroad­
castingauthorities tospendaspecifiedproportion of
theirbudgetswithaDutchpublic-sector firm.
—Awardcriteria.TheGermanGovernment accepted
theCommission 'sviewandremoved clausesthat
gavepreference tofirmstrainingapprentices
especiallyfemaleapprentices .TheCommission commenced proceeding intheCourt
againstBelgium (Flemishcommunity )forinfringing
Community obligations bybanningthecableretrans­
missionofprogrammes fromotherMemberStatesnot
broadcastinthelanguageofthereceivingcountry .
Productliability
Thereareseveralfurthercasesinhandforinfringement
ofArticles52and59oftheEECTreaty(Belgium—
Frenchcommunity ,France,Greeceandthe
Netherlands ).Someofthesecasesrestrictions imposed
onlanguagegroundswhichareoutofproportion tothe
objectivepursued .TheCommission ispursuinginfringement proceedings
againstthoseMemberStateswhichhavenotyet
transposedtheproductliabilityDirective(85/374/EEC).
Twocases—againstFranceandIreland—arebefore
theCourtofJustice;inanother—againstSpain—a
reasonedopinionhasbeenissued.TheCommission has
alsodecidedtorefertheUnitedKingdom'sfailureto
transposetheDirectiveproperlytotheCourtofJustice.Turningtothecinema,proceedings arestillinhand
againstSpaininthematterofthecompulsory licensing
systemforthedubbingoffilmsoriginating intheEEC;
thegrantofalicenceissubjecttoproduction anddistri­
butionofnationalfilms.
(b)Themarketforservicesandcapital
(ii)Intellectual property
1.Themarketforservices Thereislittlelegislation inthisfield.Itconsistsof:
—Directive87/54/EECconcerning legalprotectionfor
semi-conductors ,whichhasbeentransposed byall
theMemberStates;(i)Audiovisual
—Directive89/104/EEContheapproximation oftrade
marklaws,wherethedateprescribedfortransposal
hasbeenpostponedto31December 1992;ThetelevisionwithoutfrontiersDirective(89/552/EEC),
inforcesinceOctober1991,aimstosecurefree
movement ofTVprogrammes soastocreateacommon
broadcasting area.IthasbeentranposedinsixMember
States(Germany,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg ,Portugal
andtheUnitedKingdom),thoughnoteverywhere tothe
fullextentrequired .TheotherMemberStateshave
transposedpartsofitorhavedraftsinhand.—Directive 91/250/EEConlegalprotection for
computerprogrammes ,whichistobetransposed
before1January1993.

NoC250/18 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
(iii)Telecommunications 2.Capitalmovements
Onthetelecommunications front,theCommission
closedtheproceedings openedagainstBelgiumand
Spainforfailuretonotifymeasurestoimplement
Directives 86/361/EEC(')and87/372/EEC(2)after
receivingnotification inthecourseoftheyear.Followingtheremovalofallremainingrestrictions on
themovementofcapitalineightMemberStatesduring
1990,asrequired byDirective 88/361/EEC,
considerable advanceincapitalliberalization wasmade
thisyearinthefourmemberStates(Greece,Ireland,
PortugalandSpain)whichareallowedbytheDirective
tokeepcertainrestrictions temporarily .
Animportant measureinthisdirectionwastheabro­
gation(4)oftheCommission decision(5)authorizing
Greecetotakecertainsafeguardmeasureswithregardto
capitalmovements andtouristexpenditure .Thisfollowed
adecisiontakenbytheGreekGovernment .In
compliance withthetermsoftheCommunity balanceof
payments loan,toremoveasfrom6May1991all
restrictions authorized bythederogation .TheCommission foundthatGreece,IrelandandItaly
hadnotnotifiedmeasures implementing Directive
90/387/EEC(3)andaccordingly commenced
proceedings —Article169referralsinthecaseofthe
formerDirective ,reasonedopinionsinthecaseofthe
latter.Butitwithdrewtheproceedings againstIreland,
wherenationalimplementing measuresareintheprocess
ofbeingadopted,andsuspendedtheproceedings against
GreeceandItaly.Directive 91/287/EECenteredinto
forceonlyoh31December 1991,sonoinfringement
proceedings haveyetbeencommenced .
Progressinimplementing DirectivesapplicabletoTelecommuni­
cations
Onlyaverageprogresshasbeenmadehere,at62,6°/o.The
Commission mustremainvigilant.Asaresultoftheabovedevelopment nomoresafeguard
measuresareinplaceandtheprovisions ofthecapital
movements directiveapplyintheirentirety.Itisnote­
worthythat,toacertaindegreevaryingbycountry,
capitalliberalization measures weretaken,orare
planned,aheadofthetime-limits setbythedirective .In
thisrespectSpanishauthorities announced thattheywill
proceedtocompletecapitalliberalization bytheendof
1991,ayearaheadofthetimelimitsetbythedirective .
Thisdevelopment reflectstheabsenceofbalanceof
payments problemsowedtocapitalflows,following
liberalization measures ,aswellasthedesireofthe
MemberStatesconcerned tokeepinpacewiththeaccel­
erateddrivetowardsfinancialandmonetaryintegration
forwhichfreemovement ofcapitalisabasicingredient .Directives
applicable on
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium4 3 75
Denmark 4 3 75
Germany4 3 75
Greece 4 2 50
Spain4 3 75
France 4 3 75
Ireland 4 2 50
Italy4 2 50
Luxembourg 4 3 75
Netherlands 4 2 50
Portugal4 3 75
UnitedKingdom 4 3 75Despitetheimportant progressmadeineliminating
directrestrictions oncapitalmovements anumerof
indirectobstaclesarestillinplaceinalmostall
Community countries .Theseindirectobstaclesbasically
emanatefromnationalmeasuresandpracticesimposing
orfavouring domestic financial instruments and
institutions ,mainlythroughtaxmeasuresorprudential
investment rules.Commission effortsarecurrently
focusedontheidentification oftheseobstacles andthe
initiationoftheappropriate procedure fortheirelim­
ination .
(1)Initialstageofmutualrecognition oftypeapprovalfortele­
communications terminalequipment .
(2)Frequency bandsforpan-European cellulardigitallana-based mobilecommunications .
(5)Internalmarketintelecommunications services.(4)Commission Decision91/285/EECof4June1991.
(5)Commission Decision85/594/EECof22November 1985,
aslastamendedbyDecision90/663/EECof19December
1990.

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/19
Actiontakentowardseliminating identifiedrestrictions
didnotreachastagebeyondawarningletterfromthe
Commission .Infringement proceedings initiatedinthe
past,involvingwarninglettersinregardtorestrictions on
commercial credits,provedineffective andweredropped
thisyear,followingappropriate modifications ofnational
legislation .TheCommission cameacrossproblems inseveral
MemberStatesregardingobstacletodirectinvestment ,
whichusuallyentailsanelementofestablishment (as
whereamajorityholdingisacquiredinacompanyset
upinanotherMemberState).Itsattentionwasdrawnto
UnitedKingdompracticeswhichcouldhavetheeffectof
raisingbarrierstodirectinvestment bystate-controlled
firms.Talkswereheldandthebarrierswereremoved .
TheCommission haslaunchedageneralsurveyofthe
barrierstodirectinvestment whichmaysubsistinmany
MemberStates.Workproceeded throughout theyear;
conclusions areexpectedin1992.(c)Freedomtoprovidefinancialservices,directtaxation
andcompanylaw
Thereisaspecificproblemwiththeguarantees required
bypublicauthorities inmostMemberStates(notablyin
connection withcustoms,publiccontractsandthelike).
Nationalrulescommonly providethatsuchguarantees
mustbegivenbyanestablishment withintheMember
Statereceiving theguarantee ,whichconstitutes a
restraintonfinancialinstitutions 'freedomtoprovide
services .Toovercome theseproblemstheCommission
madeaproposalforaCouncilRegulation (EEC)on
securitiesgivenbycreditinstitutions orinsuranceunder­
takings.Parliament gaveitsopinionin1989(');the
Commission thenmadearevisedproposalon31January
1991(2).TheCouncilhasbegundiscussing it,butithas
becomeapparentthattherewillbeseriousdifficulties in
thewayofearlyadoption .TheCommission willconse­
quentlyhavetoconsiderreactivating thecurrently
suspended infringement proceedings here.Community lawinthisareaisprimarilytobefoundin
theprovisions andprinciplesoftheTreatyitself;onlya
limitednumberofcasesconcerned incorrectapplication
ofdirectives .Ifthecasesinvestigated bytheCommission
inthereportperiodaregroupedbytypeofsuspectedor
confirmed infringement ,itcanbeseenthatmostfallto
beconsidered underArticle59oftheEECTreaty,since
freedomtoprovidefinancial services ischiefly
constrained bymeasuresofpubliclaw,relatingespecially
totaxation,whichfailtoreflectthenewdimension in
theservicesindustries .Inmanycasesformsoftaxrelief
providedforinMemberStates'legislation donotapply
toprovidersofservices(reliefbeingavailableonlyto
residents).Asecondcategoryconsistsofbarriersto
investment raisedbyMemberStates'legislation or
administrative practice;thethirdconsistsofnational
legislation discriminating betweenforeignfirmsestab­
lishedintheMemberStateandfirmsincorporated in
accordance withitsownlaws.
Oneofthemosttypicalcaseswherenationallaw,
particularly inthetaxfield,doesnottakeaccountofthe
newdimension intheservicessectoristhedeductibility
ofinsurancepremiumsinthecomputation oftheamount
liabletopersonalincometax.Infringement proceedings
havebeencommenced againstseveralMemberStates,
buttheyhavebeensuspended whiletheCommission
awaitstheoutcomeofcasesC-204/90andC-300/90,
wheretheCourtofJusticeittoruleontheBelgianlegis­
lation.Thebankingdirectives aregivingmoreconcernthat
mostdirectives :therehavebeenseriousdelaysin
implementing themandinnotifyingmeasurestakento
thatend.Onlyabouthalfthemeasuresthatshouldhave
beentakenhavebeennotified;theworstdelaysconcern
transposalofthedirectivesonbanks'accountsandsubsi­
diaries.Thetransposal ratehasbeensatisfactory for
insurance butunevenforsecurities :therehavebeen
delayswiththetwomostrecentdirectivesonstock­
exchangeprospectuses .Inthecompanylawarea,the
Commission hasbeenparticularly attentivetothe
CouncilRegulation ontheEuropeanEconomicInterest
Grouping (Regulation (EEC)No2137/85,adoptedby
11MemberStates).
Anexampleofacaseinwhichadirectivewaswrongly
appliedwasthecaseofthe'concessione governativa',an
annualregistration charge;thishadnorelationwiththe
aministrative costofregistering afirminthecompanies
registerandwasaccordingly toberegardedascontrary
toDirective 69/335/EEContaxesontheraisingof(')OJNoC159,26.6.1989,p.4.
capital. OOJNoC53,28.2.1991,p.74.

NoC250/20 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
WiththisinmindtheCommission hasreorganized some
ofitsdepartments andintroduced anewprocedure for
vettingnationallegislation ,especiallyonVAT.TheCommission regretsthatGermanyhasstillnotcome
intolinewiththedirectives onannualaccounts,its
publicityrulesbeingfarfromsatisfactory .Butitclosed
theproceedings againstGermanyforinfringement ofthe
7thDirective (consolidated accounts)whenasatisfactory
answerwasreceivedtoitsreasonedopinion .
Adhocworkingpartieshavebeenformedtopreparethe
groundforintroduction ofthenewVATtransitional
arrangement sothattheycanoperateinfullcompliance
withCommunity lawfrom1January1993.Progressinimplementing Directives applicable toFinancial
Institutions ,DirectTaxationandCompany Law
At83,8%,progressisgoodhere,thoughGreece,Italyand
Luxembourg stillhavebacklogs .
TheCommission continued vettingnationallegislation
forconformity withthetaxationprovisions oftheEEC
Treaty(Articles95and96).Itcommenced proceedings
againstGreeceintwocases—oneforlevyingtaxat
higherratesonimported coffeethanonlocally­
producedcoffeandtheotherforsubjecting imported
cidersandperriestothehigherrateofVATwhile
charging thelowerrateondomestic products .
Proceedings werebroughtintheCourtofJusticein
anothercaseconcerning theGreekspecialconsumption
taxonmotor-cars .Directives
applicable on
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium 37 30 81
Denmark 36 36 100
Germany 37 32 86,5
Greece 36 25 69
Spain 37 35 94,6
France 37 35 94,6
Ireland 37 30 81
Italy 37 25 67,6
Luxembourg 37 25 67,6
Netherlands 36 31 86
Portugal 36 >32 88,8
UnitedKingdom 37 33 89Proceedings werebroughtagainstBelgiumfortaxing
importedsemi-sparkling grape-based beverages more
heavilythanlocalproductsandforchargingtaxeson
smallpacketsimportedfromotherMemberStates;the
secondcasewasdroppedwhenBelgiumacceptedthe
Commission 'sview.
3.REMOVAL OFTAXFRONTIERS
TheCourtgavejudgmentagainstGreece,Spainand
ItalyforfailuretocomplywithArticle95oftheTreaty
asinterpreted bytheCourtinSchulandsubsequent
cases,requiringMemberStatesofimportation totake
accountoftheamountofVATchargedintheMember
Stateofexportation .ThoseMemberStateshavenow
compliedwiththeCourt'sruling.Thiswastheyearinwhichagreementwasreachedon
theabolitionoftaxchecksatbordersbetweenMember
Statesandonharmonization ofVATandexciserates;
theCommission 'sendeavours haveatlastbornefruit.
ItalsogavejudgmentagainstLuxembourg andBelgium
sinceundertheirexciseschemesimportedbeersdidnot
qualifyforthesamerebatesashome-produced beers.
Turningtospirits,theCourtheldthattheGreekpractice
oftaxingwhisky,gin,rumetc.moreheavilythanlocal
specialities suchasouzowasdiscriminatory and
thereforecontrarytoArticle95oftheEECTreaty.AstheCommission statedinthepreviousreport,priority
willhavetobegiventomonitoring theapplication of
Community lawintheMemberStatesifasuccessisto
madeofthenewVATandexciseschemesdueto
commence on1January1993.

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/21
TheCommission hasthetaskofseeingthatallthe
taxationdirectivesareproperlyapplied.Regarding the
uniforminterpretation oftheruleslaiddownbythe
SixthVATDirective,itcommenced proceedings against
France,Ireland,Luxembourg andSpain,wherethetax
arrangements foradvertising agenciesgaverisetocases
ofdoubletaxationorofnon-taxation whereservices
wereperformed fortaxablepersonsestablished in
anotherMember State.theCommunity ,TheCommission addressed two
reasoned opinionstoGreece.Oneconcerned the
excessivefineandtheprisonsentenceinflictedona
DutchnationalwhoimportedhermotorcarintoGreece
whentakingupresidencehere.Theotherconcerned the
incorrecttransposalofDirective 83/183/EECbythe
Greekauthorities ,whorequiredevidenceofthenormal
placeofresidenceanddemanded paymentofsecurity
uponimportation .
AreasonedopinionwasaddressedtoFranceforleaving
outofthebasisofassessment anumberoftaxessuchas
theEDFtaxanelectricityandwatercharges,contraryto
Article11(2)oftheDirective .Theproceeding was
droppedwhenFranceamended itslegislation as
required .TheCommission successfully intervenedwiththeBelgian
authorities insupportofaprivateindividualwho,when
movingtoBelgium,wasrequiredtoprovethathe
residedthereinordertoimporthispersonalproperty
duty-free .
Areasonedopinionwasalsoaddressed toItalyfor
failuretocomplywiththeCourt'sjudgmentonflat-rate
percentages forcompensation inagriculture (Case3/86).
Inseveralothercasesproceedings havebeencommenced
intheCourt.Oneconcerns theinfliction ofa
particularly heavyfineonaprivateindividual who
imported avideocameraintoGreece.Thesecond
concernstheSpanishrequirement ofaspecialinvoicefor
theduty-freeimportation ofgoodsbytravellers .The
thirdwasbroughtagainstFrance,whereacomplainant
wassubjecttodoubletaxationbecauseshewasregarded
asresidentbothbytheBelgianandbytheFrenchauth­
orities.ThiscaseisalsopendingintheFrenchCourde
cassation .ThreecaseswerebroughtbeforetheCourtofJustice
againstMemberStatesthathadfailedtocomplywith
reasonedopinions :Italy(renewaloftheVATexemption
givenaftertheearthquake);Germany (taxationoftravel
agencies);andDenmark (newemployers'contribution of
3.05%contrarytoArticle33oftheSixthDirective ,
whichbanstheintroduction ofnewturnovertaxesother
thanVAT).
TheCourtheldthatVATexemptions forservices
suppliedbyplasticartists,journalists ,composers etc.
werecontrarytoArticle2oftheSixthDirective,and
gavejudgmentagainstSpainaccordingly .TheCourtgavejudgmentfortheCommission inacase
againstDenmark ,whichexcludedimportsofmorethan
tenlitresoffuelfromthetravellers'tax-freeallowance .
Proceedings commenced underArticle171oftheEEC
TreatyagainsttheNetherlands forfailuretocomply
withthejudgmentinCase235/85ontheexemptionof
servicessupliedbynotariesandcourtbailiffswere
terminated whentheDutchFinanceLaw1991rectified
theinfringement .Thesituationregarding transposal oftaxdirectives is
broadlysatisfactory .ButtheCommission hashadtotake
ItalytoCourtunderArticle171oftheEECTreatyfor
failuretotransposetheCouncilDirectives of28March
1983onduty-freeallowances onchangeofresidenceor
forcertainimportsofgoods(marriage,studyvisits,
pharmaceuticals ,prospectuses ,etc),althoughjudgment
wasalreadygivenin1987(Cases124/86and125/86).Thentherearethetaxdirectives designedtogive
Europeancitizensthebenefitoffacilitiesintravelwithin

NoC250/22 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
Progressinimplementing Directives applicable toIndirect
TaxationcontrarytoArticle7(2)ofRegulation No1612/68,as
interpreted bytheCourtofJusticeinCaseC-175/89,
Biehl:theCommission addressedreasonedopinionsto
France,Luxembourg andtheNetherlands .
TheCommission isgratifiedbythe99%successratehere.
Germanywassentanadditionalreasonedopinioninthe
infringement proceedings concerning discriminatory
provisionswhichdisregarded childrenandotherfamily
membersofworkersresidingoutsidethecountryin
calculating thefamilystatusfortaxpurposes .Directives
applicable on
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium 51 51 100
Denmark 55 55 100
Germany 51 51 100
Greece 52 52 100
Spain 51 49 96
France 52 52 100
Ireland 52 51 98
Italy 51 49 96
Luxembourg 51 51 100
Netherlands 51 51 100
Portugal 51 51 100
UnitedKingdom 51 51 100TheCommission alsosentareasonedopinionto
Germanyconcerning discrimination betweenthetaxon
incomeoftaxablepersonsworkinginGermanybutnot
livingthereandthetaxonpersonsbothlivingand
workinginthecountry .
Museumadmissioncharges
Spaincontinued todiscriminate againstnationalsof
otherMemberStates,makingthempaymorethanits
ownnationalsforadmission tomuseums . 4.FREEMOVEMENT OFPERSONS
(a)Banondiscrimination —Welfarebenefitsandtax
relief TheCommission considers thisdiscrimination tobe
contrarytoArticle7,48and59oftheEECTreatyand
commenced theinfringement proceedings in1987(Case
352/87).Proceedings areinhandagainstseveralMemberStates
inmatterscoveredbyRegulation (EEC)No1612/68on
thefreemovement ofworkers .TheCommission
addressedreasonedopinionstoBelgium,Greece,Spain,
andtheUnitedKingdom incasesconcerning equal
treatment asregardsaccesstoemployment onboard
ship;proceedings againstItalyhavealreadyreachedthe
CourtofJustice.Attheendof1989Spainannounced thatitwoulduse
the1990reformofnationaltaxationschemestoestablish
equaltreatmentforallCommunity nationals .
Incasesconcerning equalaccessofallCommunity
nationals towelfarebenefits,theCommission has
commenced courtproceedings againstLuxembourg on
accountofdiscrimination regardingthegrantofprenatal
andmaternitybenefits.Otherproceedings areinhand
againstBelgium,GreeceandFrance.Byletterdated9May1991,theSpanishauthorities
informed theCommission thattherewouldbeaminis­
terialagreement toterminatethediscrimination byJune
1991.Theagreement hasnotbeennotifiedtothe
Commission ,whichhasaccordingly takenthecasetothe
CourtofJustice.
Proceedings areinhandagainstseveralMemberStates
forfailuretoguarantee equaltreatmentregardingtax
reliefforCommunity workers,andparticularly discrimi­
natoryaspectsofnationallegislationgoverningthefinal
assessment ofincometaxfornon-resident workers,Greeklegislation imposing discriminatory treatment
regarding museumadmission chargeswasamendedin
linewithCommunity rules.TheCommission accordingly
closedtheinfingement proceedings .

NoC250/23 28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
(b)Entryandresidence areasofthepublicservice(education ,civilianresearch,
operational healthservices,public-sector enterprises (*))
wasfollowedupinMarchandApril1991,whenletters
offormalnoticeweresenttothegovernments
concerned .TheCommission hasbeensuccessful initsworkon
compliance withCommunity rulesgoverning the
issuanceofvisastofamilymembersofCommunity
nationalswhoarenotthemselves Community nationals
(theymustbeissuedfreeofchargeandwithall
facilities).Eightofthenineproceedings commenced
havebeenclosedasaresultofsatisfactory answersfrom
theMemberStates.ThecaseagainstBelgiumhasunfor­
tunatelyhadtobereferredtotheCourtofJustice.Giventheimportance andcomplexity ofthematter,the
Commission gaveanexceptionally longperiodofsix
monthsforananswer .
Articles 2and3ofDirectives 68/360/EECand
73/148/EECprovidethattheonlyformalityrequiredto
enterorleavetheterritoryofaMemberStateatan
internalborderisthepresentation ofanidentitycardor
passport .ApartfromBelgiumandLuxembourg ,whichhavenot
yetreacted,theCommission receivedasatisfactory
answerfromtheUnitedKingdomandtheanswersfrom
FranceandDenmarkshowedthatprogressreallywas
beingmadewithnationallegislation .Intheother
MemberStates,ideasaremovingbutnopracticalresults
haveyetbeenattained .
CaseC-68/89,Commission vNetherlands ,concerned
thespecificproblemofquestionsputtotravellersby
borderofficials,wheretheNetherlands wasaccusedof
infringingCommunity law.Inthefirstquarterof1992theCommission willdecide
whatactionistobetakenineachoftheseproceedings
depending ontheMemberStates'replies(ifany)tothe
lettersofformalnotice.TheCourtheldthatthedirectiveswereinfringedby
Dutchlegislation providingthatnationalsofMember
Statescouldberequiredtoanswerquestionsfromborder
officialsregardingthepurposeanddurationoftheirvisit
andthefinancialresources availabletothembefore
beingallowedtoenterDutchterritory .(e)Recognition ofqualifications
(c)Equaltreatment—Tradeunionrights
InCaseC-213/90theCourtofJusticeheldthat
Luxembourg legislation withholding fromCommunity
workerstherighttovoteatelectionsformembersofa
professional bodywascontrarytoArticle8(1)ofRegu­
lation(EEC)No1612/68.AsinpreviousyearstheCommission hadtodealwith
fortyorsocomplaints regardingrestrictions contraryto
Articles52and59oftheEECTreatyandtothe
Directives onmutualrecognition ofvocational or
professional qualifications .Insomeofthesecases
infringements proceedings werecommenced againstthe
MemberStatesunderArticle169oftheEECTreaty;
othercaseswereclosedasunfounded .
Sincethisjudgmentissilentonthequestionoftheright
ofCommunity workerstostandforelectionasmembers
ofprofessional bodies,theCommission hasdecidedto
continuetheproceedings againstLuxembourg onthis
point,intheCourtofJustice.TheCourtofJusticegaveseveraljudgments incases
concerning restrictions contrarytoArticles52and59of
theEECTreaty.Thefollowing areamongthemore
noteworthy :
(d)Accesstopublic-sector employment
Article48(4)oftheEECTreaty—thetouristguidescases(C-180/89,Commission v
Italy;C-189/89,Commission vGreece;and
C-154/89,Commission vFrance).TheCourtheld
thattheseMember Stateshadviolated theirTheCommission 'sdecisionof25July1990tocommence
Article169proceedings againstallthoseMemberStates
actingcontrarytoCommunity lawinthefour'priority'C)OJNoC72,18.3.1988.

OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92 NoC250/24
obligations underArticle59byrequiringtourist
guidesaccompanying groupsoftouristsfromother
MemberStatestoholdalicenceawardedfollowing
thepassingofanexamination whentheirfunction
wastoguidetouristsinplacesotherthanmuseums
andhistoricalmonuments whichcouldbevisitedonly
withaguide;—theArticle169proceedings commenced against
Belgium,Luxembourg andtheNetherlands for
discrimination intheircriminalinjuriescompensation
schemes,following thejudgment inCase186/87,
Cowan,continued withreferralstotheCourtof
Justice;
—theVlassopoulou preliminary ruling(Case
C-340/89),wheretheCourtamplified itsearlier
rulinginCase22/86,Heylens,relatingtosalaried
personsandextendedittocasesoffreedomofestab­
lishment,holdingthatevenintheabsenceofa
DirectivethehostMemberStateisrequiredtotake
accountofqualifications acquired inanother
MemberStatebyaCommunity national,provided
theoccupation isthesame.—CaseC-294/89,Commission vFrance,concerned
freedomtoprovideservicesaslawyers.Itwasheld
thattherelevantDirectivehadnotbeenproperly
transposed sinceunderFrenchlegislation aFrench
advocateestablished outsideFrancedidnotenjoy
freedomtoprovideservicesinFrance;hehadto
workwithanadvocate established inFranceevenin
non-judicial businessandevenincircumstances
wherethelawdidnotrequirealawyertobe
involved .Therewasafurtherinfringement inthe
requirement thattheadvocatehadtobeassistedby
anadvocateofthelocalbarwhenever hewishedto
carryoutanyprocedural formalities .
ThehostMemberStatemustchecktowhatextent
thequalification corresponds tothatrequiredbyits
ownrules;onlyifitdoesnotfullycorrespond mayit
requirethepersontoprovethathehasthe
knowledge andskillsnotattested;Therewerealsoaseriesofinfringement proceedings based
onArticle171oftheEECTreatyforfailuretogiveeffect
toaCourtofJusticejudgment
Judgment wasgivenagainstFranceinCaseC-263/88
forrefusingtoallowfreedomofestablishment and
freedomtoprovideservicesintheoverseasdepartments .
Francehasstillnotcomplied,sotheCommission has
commenced freshproceedings underArticle171ofthe
EECTreaty.—CaseC-76/90,Dennemeyer ,wasapreliminary ruling
onfreedomtoprovideservicesintheprotectionof
industrialproperty .TheCourtinterpreted Article59
oftheEECTreatyasmeaningthatnationallegis­
lationcouldnotprohibitafirmestablished inanother
MemberStatefromsupplyingpatentholdersin
nationalterritorywithpatentmonitoring andrenewal
servicesforafee,onthesolegroundthattheactivity
isreservedforholdersofaspecificprofessional
qualification issuedinthehostMemberState(patent
attorney,forinstance);
Similarproceedings werecommenced againstFrance,
GreeceandItalyforfailuretonotifymeasurestocomply
withthetouristguidescasesreferredtoabove.
—CaseC-167/90,Commission vItaly,heldthatItaly
hadfailedtotulfilitsobligations underArticles48,
52and59oftheEECTreatybymaintaining
provisionsallowingonlyItaliannationalstohave
foreignqualifications asmedicalauxiliaries
recognized inItaly,thusexcludingnationalsofother
MemberStates;TheCommission closedthecaseagainstGreecefor
failuretocomplywiththejudgmentgivenagainstitin
thefrontierregionscase.

OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/2528.9.92
Infringements was4January 1991.TheCommission commenced
Article169proceedings againstBelgium,Greece,Italy,
Luxembourg andtheNetherlands forfailuretonotify
implementing measures .
Thereareseveralproceedings inhandforinfringement
ofArticles52and59oftheEECTreaty,manyofthem
havingreachedthereasonedopinionstage.Theyinclude
theproceedings againstFrance(accesstotheoccupation
ofestateagent—licensingrules),Spain(touristguides)
andItaly(refusaltoissuealicenceforadetective
agency).Incorrect transposal orapplication
ofDirectives
Severalcaseshavebeenclosed,includingthecaseagainst
Franceconcerning recognition ofBelgiandiplomasof
registered nurses.Proceedings werecommenced againstseveralMember
Statesforincorrecttransposition orapplication of
Directives .Thefollowingcasesareofparticularinterest:
TheCommission iscontinuing tomonitorbothprimary
andsecondarylegislation .Ithascommenced proceedings
inseveralcasesoffailuretonotifymeasurestogive
effecttoCouncilDirectives issuedunderArticle57of
theEECTreatytosecurefreedomofmovement and
recognition ofoccupational qualifications orforfailure
totransposethemproperly .following aseriesofcomplaints theCommission
commenced proceedings againstGermanyforfailure
toimplement thedentistsDirectives properly .
Germanyrequiresdentistswhohavequalifiedin
accordance withtheDirectives'requirements in
anotherMemberStatetoresitexaminations andmeet
otherconditions goingbeyondwhattheDirective
allows.
Therewasonceagainanincreaseinthenumberof
cases,partlyasaresultoftheentryintoforceofnew
Directives onarchitectsandpharmacists andthenew
generalDirective . Spainwasalsofoundtobeinfringing thedentists
Directives byallowingdentiststrainedandqualified
inLatinAmerica,wheretherequirements arewell
belowthoseoftheDirective,tobecomeestablished
inSpain.TheCommission agreesthatdentistsfrom
non-member countriesmaybecomeestablished ,but
onlyiftheirqualifications correspond tothe
Directives .Nationalimplementing measures
SeveralMemberStatesnotifiedmeasuresinresponseto
Commission decisionscommencing proceedings against
them.Examples areSpain(Directives onmidwives ,
hairdressers ,transitional measures),BelgiumandItaly
(transportauxiliariesDirective).Infringement proceedings werecommenced against
ItalyunderthesamedentistsDirectives ;
ButotherMemberStateshadjudgments givenagainst
themintheCourtofJusticeforfailuretotranspose
Directives :BelgiuminCaseC-167/90andItalyinCase
C-296/90(pharmacists );GreeceinCaseC-309/90
(architects)andSpaininCaseC-313/89(midwives).
Luxembourg tookthemeasuresneededtocomplywith
thepharmacists Directiveafterjudgmenthadbeengiven
inCaseC-168/90.—theCommission foundSpaintobeinfringing the
architectsDirectives byconfiningarchitectstoprac­
tisinginthesamecapacities asintheircountryof
originandbyrestrictingthetimetheyareallowedto
practise;
—thedoctorsDirective 75/363/EECprovidesthat
doctorsmustberemunerated whenundergoing
specialisttraining .PortugalandSpainhavenot
complied ;infringement proceedings areinhand.Thefinaldatefortransposing Directive89/48/EECona
generalsystemfortherecognition ofhighereducation
qualifications awardedafteratleastthreeyears'study

NoC250/26 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
(f)Independent commercial agents prices.Ireland,Italy,theNetherlands andSpainhave
stillnottransposed theDirectives .
Infringement proceedings broughtagainstFrance,
GreeceandItalyforfailuretotranspose Directive
86/653/EEConself-employed commercial agentswere
closedwhenmeasures werenotified .Butreasoned
opinionsweresenttoBelgium,Luxembourg andSpain
forfailuretonotify.IrelandandtheUnitedKingdom
haveaderogation until1994.Regarding commercial practices,therateoftransposalof
theDirectiveonconsumercreditremainspreoccupying .
TwoyearsafterthedeadlinesetbytheDirective
87/102/EEC,onlyeightMemberStateshavetransposed
itintonationallaw,BelgiumandGreecebeingthelatest
todoso;butIreland,Italy,Luxembourg andSpainare
seriouslyoutofstepinanareawhichisofgreatinterest
toconsumers .
5.CONSUMER POLICY ANDPRODUCT SAFETY
Thiswasayearofconsolidation forconsumerpolicy.Therehasbeenanimprovement inthesituation
regarding themisleading advertising Directive
84/450/EEC.Belgiumhasrecentlyadoptednew
provisions ,andItalyisnowtheonlycountrynottohave
doneso,eventhoughjudgmenthasalreadybeengiven
againstitbytheCourtofJustice.Directive 88/378/EEContoysafetyhasreceivedspecial
attention asitwasthefirstofthe'newapproach'
directivestobecomeapplicable .ThisyearDenmark ,the
Netherlands andItalytransposed theDirective,sothat
Luxembourg isnowtheonlyMemberStatenottohave
doneso,twoandahalfyearsafterthedeadline . Asforthegeneralapplication ofCommunity lawbythe
MemberStates,theCommission hasstillbeenreceiving
complaints whichhighlightthedifficulties ofapplying
Community rulesincross-frontier situations ,wherethe
supplierandtheconsumer areestablished indifferent
MemberStates.TheCommission willfurtherstepupits
endeavours tofindrapidsolutionstotheseproblems .Therewerethreecasesconcerning conformity checks,
againstBelgium,GreeceandPortugal .
Progressinimplementing Directives applicabletoConsumers
Progresshere,at93%,isgood.Thesituationwillbeevenmoresatisfactory whenall
MemberStateshavedesignated approvedcertification
bodies(Belgium,IrelandandLuxembourg haveyetto
makenotifications ).GiventhatonlytwoMemberStates
—FranceandtheUnitedKingdom —usedthe
safeguardclause,thesituationisreasonably satisfactory .
ThisisborneoutbythefactthattheCommission has
receivednocomplaints inthisarea.
Thesituation islesssatisfactory asregardsthe
conformity ofnationallawwithDirective76/768/EEC
oncosmeticproducts .FiveMemberStates—France,
Greece,Italy,PortugalandSpain—arestilloutofline,
andtheCourtofJusticewillhaveathirdopportunity to
ruleonthispoint,inanewcaseconcerning theFrench
provisions .Directives
applicableon
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium 39 37 95
Denmark 39 39 100
Germany 39 39 100
Greece 39 38 97
Spain 39 35 87
France 39 38 97
Ireland 39 34 87
Italy 39 32 82
Luxembourg 39 36 92
Netherlands 39 34 87
Portugal 39 35 90
UnitedKingdom 39 38 97Belgium,France,GreeceandtheUnitedKingdomhave
rectified theirsituation inrelationtoDirectives
88/314/EECand88/315/EEContheindication of

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/27
B.EMPLOYMENT ANDSOCIALPOLICY
Progressinimplementing Directives applicabletotheOpening
ofPublicProcurement
Theaverageprogressrateisonly85°/ohere(Italyispartly
toblame),althoughthisisamatterforprioritytreatment in
thefrontier-free areaandSpainandPortugalbothenjoy
derogations .1.EQUALTREATMENT
TheCommission wasobligedtobringbeforetheCourt
ofJusticeaspecificcaseofdiscrimination againstwomen
inoccupational supplementary redundancy payment
schemes,contrarytoDirective 76/207/EEConequal
treatmentofwomenandmeninrespectofaccessto
employment .
Theproceedings commenced againstGreecein1990for
non-conformity ofnationalimplementing measureswere
closedwhentheoffendingprovisionswerebroughtinto
line.Directives
applicable on
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium 8 8 100
Denmark 8 8 100
Germany 8 7 87,5
Greece 6 5 83,3
Spain 6 6 100
France 8 7 87,5
Ireland 8 8 100
Italy 8 4 50
Luxembourg 8 7 83,3
Netherlands 8 5 62,5
Portugal 6 4 66,6
UnitedKingdom 8 8 100Proceedings basedonArticle171oftheEECTreatyare
likewiseunderwayagainstFrance,whichwas
condemned bytheCourtforfailingtotranspose
Directive76/207/EECfullyintonationallaw.France
wascondemned for:
—maintaining asystemofseparaterecruitment based
onsexforappointments invarioussectorsofthecivil
services :
—maintaining usages,clausesofcontracts of
employment orcollectiveagreements whichprovide
specialrightsforwomen .
Progressinimplementing DirectivesapplicabletotheInternal
Market
Withanaveragerateof77%,despiteItaly'spoorperformance ,
theprocessofestablishing thefrontier-free areaisbecoming
irreversible .On25July1991,theCourtofJusticegaveapreliminary
rulinginresponsetoarequestfromaFrenchcourt
(CaseC-345/98,Stoeckel)regarding nightworkby
women .ItheldthatDirective 76/207/EECwassuf­
ficientlyprecisetoplacetheMemberStatesunderan
obligationtorefrainfromgivingstatutoryeffecttoaban
onnightworkywomen,evenifthatobligation was
subjecttoexceptions ,wherenightworkformenwasnot
prohibited .
Thisinterpretation meantthattherewasconflictbetween
theDirectiveandILOConvention No89,whichbansall
nightworkbywomeninindustry .TheCommission
accordingly requested theMemberStatesthatare
bounedbytheConvention (Belgium,France,Greece,
Italy,SpainandPortugal)todenounceitby28February
1992.Thereshouldbenoparticulardifficultyaboutthis.
TheCommission alsodecidedtoclosetheproceedings
againsttheUnitedKingdomandtheNetherlands in
connection withDirective 79/7/EEConthegradual
implementation ofequaltreatmentofmenandwomenin
thefieldofsocialsecurity .Twootherproceedings —
againstIrelandandGreece—arebeingcontinuedsince
thoseMemberStatesarestillnotapplyingtheDirective
properly .Directives
applicable on
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium130 75 73
Denmark 129 122 94,5
Germany130 99 76,1
Greece 127 102 80,3
Spain129 100 77,5
France 131 117 89,3
Ireland 129 94 72,8
Italy131 70 53,4
Luxembourg 128 88 68,7
Netherlands 130 96 73,8
Portugal131 108 82,4
UnitedKingdom 129 110 85,2

NoC250/28 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
Threesuchproceedings wereclosedin1991;reasoned
opinionsweresenttoMemberStatesinfourothers.Finally,infringement proceedings forfailuretonotify
nationalimplementing measures arependingagainst
Belgium,Denmark ,Greece,Italy,Luxembourg andthe
Netherlands ,whichhavegenuineproblemswiththe
transposalofDirective86/378/EEConequaltreatment
ofmenandwomeninoccupational socialsecurity
schemes .ThisDirectiverequirestheMemberStatesto
abolishcertainformsofdiscrimination by1January
1993;itshouldhavebeenincorporated intonationallaw
by30July1989.Theprocedures closedconcerned Italy,whichhas
rectifiedthesituationregarding nationality discrimi­
nationinrespectofthepaymentofcontributions
reservedforItalians;France,whichnowpermitsthe
exportofsicknessbenefits;andBelgium,whichno
longerrequirestherepayment ofsupplementary family
allowances paidtopensioners .
However ,thedifficulties encountered bytheMember
Stateshavebeenfurthercomplicated bythefactthat,as
aresultoftherulingbytheCourtofJusticeof17May
1990inCase262/88,Barber,severalprovisions ofthe
Directivehaveceasedtobeapplicabletowage-earners ,
towhomArticle119oftheEECTreatyappliesdirectly .Ontheotherhand,ItalyandBelgiumcontinueto
prohibittheexportofthe'socialpension'anddisability
benefitsrespectively ,despiteanumberofrulingsbythe
CourtofJustice,whichinJune1991onceagain
confirmed theexportability ofsuchbenefitsinCase
C-356/89,Newton .TheCommission thereforedecided
tosendreasonedopinionstothetwoMemberStates. Finally,severalrequestsforpreliminary rulingsonthe
sameDirectivearependingintheCourt;theyshould
clarifythescopeoftheBarberrulinganditseffects
rationaetemporis .
ReasonedopinionsweresenttoFranceandBelgiumin
respectofnationality discrimination inconnection with
unemployment benefitsandunjustified reductions ofold
agepensions . Atallevents,theMaastricht EuropeanCouncilon9and
10December 1991adoptedaprotocolinterpreting
Article119withdirectreferencetotheconsequences of
theBarberruling.
2.THEANTI-CANCER CAMPAIGNOn11June1991,theCourtgavejudgment against
FranceinCaseC-89/307forreservingbenefitsfromthe
nationalsolidarityfundforFrenchnationals .TheFrench
authorities havenowinformed theCommission that
implementing measurestorectifythesituationarealmost
ready.
Thefinaldatefortransposal ofDirective 89/622/EEC
(labellingoftobaccoproducts)was1July1990;most
Member Stateshadnotnotified theirnational
implementing measuresbythatdate. 4.WORKING CONDITIONS
Inresponsetotheinitiationofinfringement proceedings ,
theCommission receivednotifications fromalmostall
MemberStates.SpainandIrelandsimplyassuredthe
Commission thatthedeadlinesforentryintoforceofthe
Directive (31December 1991)wouldbemet.However ,
theproceedings againstthesetwoMemberStates
continued ,andwillshortlyreachthereasonedopinion
stage.Therewasadistinctimprovement regarding Directive
88/364/EEConthebanningofcertainspecificagents
and/orcertainactivities ,since,ofthesixMemberStates
whichhadfailedtonotifytheirnationalimplementing
measures ,allexceptLuxembourg havenowdoneso,and
theirmeasuresarebeingvettedforconformity withthe
Directive .
3.SOCIALSECURITY FORMIGRANT WORKERSButtherehasbeennonetdeclineininfringement
proceedings forfailuretonotifynationalmeasures
implementing Directive86/188/EEC,whichisdesigned
toprotectworkersagainstnoise,fortheclosingofthe
proceedings againstItalyismadeupforbytheletterof
formalnoticeservedonPortugal,which—alongwith
Luxembourg andtheNetherlands —isoneofthe
countrieswhichhavenotyetnotifiedtheirmeasures .Nearlyhalftheinfringement proceedings commenced to
ensurecorrectapplication ofCommunity rulescoordi­
natingnationalsocialsecurityschemesformigrant
workerswereclosed.

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/29
Progressinimplementing Directives applicabletoEmployment
andSocialPolicyFinally,proceedings againstDenmark ,France,Italy,
Luxembourg ,SpainandtheNetherlands arebeing
continued forfailuretonotifynationalmeasures
implementing Commission Directive 88/35/EEC
adapting totechnical progress CouncilDirective
82/130/EEConapproximation ofthelawsofthe
MemberStatesonelectricalmaterialwhichmaybeused
inminessusceptible tofiredamp .Therewere23directivestobetransposed bytheMemberStates
on31December 1991(*).Thetransposition ratewas86%.
ThedeadlinefortransposalofDirective88/642/EECon
theprotection ofworkersagainstchemical,physicaland
biological agentswas21December 1990.Sincesome
Member Statesfailedtonotifytheirnational
implementing measures ,theCommission commenced
infringement proceedings .In1991,twooftheseMember
Statesnotifiedthemeasures inquestion,andthe
proceedings againstthemwereclosed.Theinfringement
procedures continueagainsttheotherMemberStates—
Belgium,Greece,France,IrelandandPortugal—who
havestillnotcomeintoline.Directives
applicable on
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium 22 20 90
Denmark 21 20 95
Germany 22 21 95
Greece 22 17 77
Spain 22 20 90
France 22 18 81
Ireland 20 16 80
Italy 22 20 90
Luxembourg 22 17 77
Netherlands 22 17 77
Portugal 20 17 85
UnitedKingdom 22 22 100Workerrepresentation inBritishfirmsdependsona
decisionbytheemployertorecognize representatives .
Thisisthemajorpointindisputebetweenthe
Community andtheUnitedKingdom asregardsthe
transposal ofDirectives 75/129/EEConcollective
redundancies and77/129/EEConmaintenance of
workers'rightsintheeventoftransfersofundertakings .(')ThenumbervariesfromoneMemberStatetoanotherbecauseof
derogations ,andprovisions whicharenotapplicable orthathave
beenchanged .
C.COMMON AGRICULTURAL ANDFISHERIES
POLICIESTheissueisrenderedmorecomplicated byBritish
traditionsofcollectivebargaining ;theUnitedKingdom
government isencountering enormous difficulties in
resolvingtheproblemalongCommunity lines.
Thisisthebackground totheactionbroughtbythe
Commission intheCourtofJusticein1991tohavethe
infringement established ;atthesametime,contactsare
continuing withtheBritishauthorities inanattemptto
findanacceptable out-of-court solution .1.COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY
(a)Agricultural legislation
Whilstworkingtowardstheremovaloftechnicalbarriers
tothefreemovement ofagricultural products (inthe
waysdescribed above),theCommission hasalso
endeavoured toensurethattheotherprovisions ofthe
Community 'sagricultural legislation aregenuinely and
properlyapplied.
Inparticular ithascloselymonitored compliance with
themechanisms introduced tobringagricultural
production undercontrolandthusensuretherapid,
effectiveandnon-discriminatory application ofthe
measurestakentoreformthecommonagricultural
policy(CAP).Thisclosesurveillance hasrevealeda
numberofshortcomings affectingthespecificmeasures
tocontainproduction (milkquotas,co-responsibility levy
oncereals).
Theactiontakenoninfringements againstthemilk
quotasystemagainincludedthepartialrecoveryoftheOntheotherhand,therewasapositiveoutcometothe
proceeding againstItalyforfailuretonotifynational
measuresimplementing Directive75/129/EEC.LawNo
223of23July1991incorporated theDirective in
nationallaw,andtheprocedure wasaccordingly closed.
FollowingjudgmentgivenbytheCourtofJusticeagainst
GreeceinCaseC-53/88forfailuretoconformwith
Directive 80/987/EEConprotection ofworkersinthe
eventofanemployer'sinsolvency ,theCommission has
resumedcontactswiththeGreekauthorities toseewhat
actionisbeingtakeninresponse .

NoC250/30 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
Whilstmonitoring theapplication ofthemeasurestaken
tostabilizeagricultural production ,theCommission also
madeapointofprosecuting thoseinfringements which
couldaffectthecontrolexercised overEAGGF
expenditure .additional levydueincertainMemberStatesfor
1988/89(')andfor1989/90(2).Thiswasconsistentwith
theCommission 'sdecisiontowithhold atotalofECU
57,4millionoftheadvancesduetotheseMemberStates
inrespectofEuropean Agricultural Guidance-and
Guarantee Fund(EAGGF)expenditure .Thisdecision
wascontested intheCourtofJusticebytwoofthe
Member Statesconcerned .
TheCommission initiatedproceedings againstcertain
MemberStates,Belgiuminparticular ,fortheirfailureto
carryoutproperinspections ofthestorageconditions
andhealthstatusofintervention beef.On17OctobertheCourtofJusticeruled(3)thatthe
Commission hadthepower,pendingafinaldecisionon
theclearance ofannualaccounts,toreducethesums
payableasmonthlyadvancesinthelightoftheMember
State'saccounting positionvis-a-vistheEAGGF,ifit
foundthatinbreachofCommunity lawthenational
authorities hadfailedtocollectcertainrevenueintended
fortheEAGGForhadeffectedcertainexpenditure
chargedtotheFund.TheCommission 'spositiononthismatterreceived
supportfromtheCourtofJustice,whichruledinCase
113/90(4)thatthewaiveroftherighttolodgeany
complaint provided forinArticle2(2)(d)of
Commission Regulation (EEC)No2173/79of4
October1979layingdownprocedures forthedisposalof
beefpurchased byintervention agenciesandrepealing
Regulation (EEC)No216/69doesnotextendtoany
latentdefectswhich,bytheirverynature,cannotbe
detectedonpriorinspection bythepersonconcerned
andrendertheproductunfitforconsumption .InthemeantimemostMemberStates(exeptItaly)have
acknowledged theirfinancialobligation towardsthe
Community budgetandhaveinitiatedtheadministrative
andlegalprocedures fortherecoveryofthesumsdue.
Mostsignificantly theCommission hashadthesatis­
factionofseeingtheCourtofJusticeconfirmthatitis
competent towithholdadvances .
On16May,theCommission alsohadthesatisfaction of
seeingtheCourtendorseitsviewthatitwasillegalfor
theNetherlands authorities toadmittofreecirculation ,
atareducedlevyof6%advalorem,quantities of
maniocexportedfromThailandwithoutanexport
certificate (5).TheCommission willrecovertheown
resources whichtheNetherlands failedtocollect.SimilarlytheCommission hadtoinitiativeArticle169
proceedings whenitdiscovered thatFrancewasincor­
rectlyimplementing thearrangements wherebythefat
contentofmilkdeliveries istakenintoaccountandthat,
consequently ,Frenchproducers enjoyedanunfair
advantage .Incertaincircumstances ahigherfatcontent
mayentailthecollectionoftheadditionallevy.Sincethe
procedure wasinitiated,however,Francehascomplied
withtherulesandisnowcorrectlyimplementing the
arrangements inquestion .
Althoughthemeasurestakentocurbproduction have
receivedspecialattention,theCommission hasnot
neglectedtocheckontheapplication ofspecificmarket­
organization mechanisms .TheCourtofJusticegave
judgment fortheCommission intwoactionsagainst
Greecefornon-compliance withtherulesonthe
commonorganization ofthemarketincereals.Aproblemsimilartothatencountered withthemilk
quotaschemewasFrance'sfailuretocollectandpayto
theCommunity budgettheco-responsibility levyon
cereals .TheCommission therefore issuedareasoned
opiniononthismatter.TheFrenchauthorities havenow
rectifiedthesituation .
(4)Judgmentof2October1991inCase113/90,Gebroeders
SchulteandE.Reinertv.BelgischeDienstvoorBedrijsleven
enLandbouw andOthers,notyetreported .(*)Belgium,Germany ,Italy,Luxembourg andIreland.
(J)Belgium,Germany ,ItalyandLuxembourg .
(5)Case342/89,Germanyv.Commission ,notyetreported;cf.
Judgment of17October1991inCase346/89,Italyv.
Commission ,notyetreported .(5)Judgment of16May1991inCase96/89,Commission v.
Netherlands ,notyetreported .

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/31
ForseveralyearstheCommission hasbeenendeavouring
toeliminatetheirregularities inthemanagement ofthis
marketwhichhavearisenfromGovernment intervention
throughKYDEP (described asaformofcooperative
organization ),withtheresultthat,inthecaseof
productssuchasfeedgrain,whatmightbecalleda
nationalmarketorganization hascontinued tooperate
sinceGreekaccession .TheCommission alsoendeavoured toputanendto
certainabusesperpetrated bytheMilkMarketing Boards
(MMBs)intheUnitedKingdom .TheUnitedKingdom
authorities havefailedtoensurethattheMMBsdonot
oversteptheexclusivepurchasing rightsconferredbythe
Community rules(Article25(1)(a)ofRegulation (EEC)
No804/68).InparticulartheUnitedKingdomhasdone
nothingtopreventtheMMBsfromrestricting the
optionsavailableundertheCommunity rules,which
allowproducers toprocesstheirmilkandmarketthe
by-products (e.g.skimmedmilk)independently ofthe
Boards .
TheCommission succeeded incollecting sufficient
evidencetoconvincetheCourtthattheGovernment had
instructedKYDEPtobuyinpoor-quality durumwheat
whichfailedtomeetintervention standards('),thatfeed
grainhadbeenboughtinatpriceshigherthanthe
marketprice,andthatKYDEPhadsoldthisgrainata
losstostockfarmers ,thelossbeingcoveredbythe
State(2).Lastly,theCommission mustsingleoutforspecial
criticismItaly'spersistent refusaltocomplywiththe
Court'srulingof12February1987inCase69/86,in
whichtheCourtcensuredItalyunderArticle171ofthe
EECTreatyforfailuretocomplywiththejudgment
givenagainstiton15November 1983inCase322/82
forfailuretoobservetherulesfortheenforcement of
qualitystandardsinthefruitandvegetables sector.
In1991theCourtofJusticeagainsupported the
Commission byrulingagainsttheexportbanimposedon
privatetradersatKYDEP'srequestinautumn1985(3).Despiterepeatedapproaches fromtheCommission ,Italy
stillrefusestocomplywiththerules,tothedetrimentof
theproperworkingoftheCommunity ,whichisbased
onobservance ofthelaw.
Oneothercaseispending,concerning asystemof
Government 'programme contracts'toencourage
exports,atsetprices,ofpastaproducts,flourandmeal
madefromcerealsreceivingahiddensubsidyfromthe
State(*).(b)Agricultural directives
Theareascoveredbytheharmonization directivesare
planthealth,seedsandseedlings,animalfeedingstuffs
andtheveterinary sector.Following theserulings,theGreekauthorities have
indicated theirwillingness tocooperate withthe
Commission andhavegivenfirmundertakings thatsuch
illegalpracticesinvolvingKYDEPwillnotrecur.
Generally speaking,theCommission hasnothingbut
encouragement fortheeffortsbeingmadetoensurethe
correctoperationofthemarketorganization forcereals
inGreece.InviewofthegravityoftheCourt'sfindings,
however,theCommission willcontinuetokeepa
watchfuleyeonthesituation .In1991,wherethetransposal ofdirectives was
concerned ,thenumberofinfringement proceedings
initiatedunderArticle169oftheTreatyrosetoarecord
levelof201,upfrom90in1989and127in1990.The
numberofreasonedopinionsroseevenmorespecta­
cularly,from28in1990to132in1991.Referralstothe
Courtfornon-communication ofnationalimplementing
measurestotalled15in1991,ascomparedwiththreein
1990.
(*)Judgment of29November 1989inCase281/87,
Commission v.Greece(1989),ECR4015-4028 .
(2)Judgmentof12July1990inCase35/88,Commission v.
Greece(1990),ECR3125-3150 .
(J)Judgmentof30May1991inCase110/89,Commission v.
Greece,notyetreported .
(4)Case61/90,Commission v.Greece,pending .Asin1990thesituationisleastsatisfactory inItalyand
Portugal .ThelatterMemberStateaccountsforbyfar
thelargestnumberofformalnoticesserved(39)and
reasonedopinionsissued(55).Thelargenumberof
infringement proceedings againstPortugal isessentially

NoC250/32 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
substantial problemswouldstillappeartoexistin
BelgiumandLuxembourg (bothMemberStateshave
failedtocomplywith15reasonedopinions).attributable tothefactthatthisMemberStatehasfailed
totranspose numerous directiveswhichwerealready
partoftheCommunity rulesatthetimeofPortuguese
accessionin1986.In1991Portugalmadeagreateffort
toreducethebacklogintheplanthealthsector,withthe
resultthatthesituationthereisnowcomparable tothat
intheotherMemberStates.Portugalhasalsomade
considerable progressintheveterinarysector:onlythree
reasonedopinionshadtobeissuedin1991forfailureto
transposeveterinary directives .InPortugaltheessential
problem isthedelayinthetransposal ofdirectives
relatingtoseedsandseedlings .AlthoughArticle344of
theAccessionTreatygavePortugalextratimeforthis
purpose,infringement proceedings havebeeninitiatedin
respectofmostdirectivescoveringthissector.Itshould
bepointedout,however,thatinthefeedingstuffs sector
Portugal isoneofonlythreeMemberStatesagainst
whomnoinfringement proceedings wereinitiatedin
1991.Inall,15caseswerereferredtotheCourt(10
applications againstItaly,twoagainstBelgium,two
againstLuxembourg andoneagainstIreland).Itshould
bepointedout,however,thattheCommission withdrew
twocasesagainstItalyandtwoagainstLuxembourg
whentheMember Statesconcerned notified itof
measurestotransposethelegislation .Thesewerethe
onlycasesrelatingtothefeedingstuffs sector(Italy)or
seedsandseedlings (Luxembourg ).Allthecasesnow
beforetheCourtaretherefore concerned withthe
transposal ofveterinary directives .
LeavingasidePortugal,ItalywastheMemberStatewith
thelargestnumberofnon-transposed directivesin1991,
asinpreviousyears.Thisresultedin19infringement
proceedings ,17reasonedopinionsand10referralstothe
CourtofJustice.InsomeMember Statesawareness ofthefactthatthe
singlemarketishearingcompletion hasledtoa
noticeable improvement inthetransposal ofdirectives .
Thefiguresfor1991indicatethatFranceandGreecein
particularhavedoneagreatdealtomakeupforearlier
delaysandnowrankamongtheMemberStateswhich
areleadingthewaywiththetransposal oftheagri­
culturalDirectives .
Infivecasesjudgments givenbytheCourtcensuring
Italyfornotmeetingitsobligationtotransposedirectives
havenotbeenimplemented (').Ineachcaseareasoned
opinionforfailuretocomplywithArticle171ofthe
Treatyhasbeenissued.Ontheotherhand,therehasbeenasharpincreasein
thenumberofinfringement proceedings againstIreland
andtheNetherlands wheretheissueofareasoned
opinionorreferraltotheCourthasnotbeenfollowed
byduecompliance ;inBelgiumandLuxembourg ,
moreover ,thesituationisnowgivingcauseforconcern .
Progresswiththetransposalofagricultural directivescan
beexpectedinthenearfutureasaresultofthenew
'Community laws'implemented inItaly.
Theincreaseintheoverallnumberofinfringements may
beexplainedbothbytheintroduction ofnewadminis­
trativeroutineswithintheCommission ,reducingthe
timerequiredtoinitiateinfringement proceedings if
MemberStatesfailtonotifymeasuresforthetransposal
ofdirectives ,andbytheproblemsencountered withthe
directivesdesignedtoachievetheobjectivesoftheWhite
Paper.Suchdifficulties wouldseemtobeparticularly
significant intheveterinary sector.AsregardstheotherMemberStates,1991was
significant inthattheCommission hadtoaddress
numerous lettersofformalnoticetothemall.The
numberofprocedures initiatedrangedfrom10(against
Spain)to19(againstLuxembourg ).
Thedifferences betweenMemberStatesasregardsthe
numberofreasonedopinionsreceivedaregrowing
wider,however .Bytheendof1991thenumberof
reasonedopinionsnotcompliedwithwasnilin
Denmark ,Germany ,FranceandtheUnitedKingdom
andverysmallinGreece.Ontheotherhand,IncertainMember Statestherehavebeensubstantial
delaysintransposing thedirectivesonartificialinsemi­
nationandbreeding .Inadditiontothedifficulties
encountered in1990byDirectives 87/328/EECand
88/407/EEC(asmentioned intheEighthAnnual
Report),problems arosein1991withDirectives
90/120/EEC(deep-frozen semenofbovineanimals),
88/661/EEC(breedingpigs),89/361//EE(pure-bred(l)Italysubsequently notifiedtheCommission ofimplementing
measures .

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/33
sheepandgoats),89/556/EEC(embryosofdomestic
bovineanimals),90/118/EEC(pure-bred pigsfor
breeding)and90/119/EEC(hybridpigsforbreeding).
Substantial delayshavealsoaffectedthedirectiveson
tradeinmeatproducts (Directives 88/658/EECand
89/227/EEC).In1991theCommission ,monitoring compliance with
thisrequirement intheagricultural sector,examined
some60legislativetextsadoptedbytheMemberStates
andhadtoinitiate10infringement proceedings asa
result.ItshouldbenotedthatcertainMemberStates,in
particularDenmark ,GreeceandPortugal,suspendedthe
legislation inquestionanddulyforwarded anewdraft.
Thefiguresonreasonedopinionsindicate,however,that
certainMemberStates(seeabove)havetakenappro­
priatestepstotackletheproblemsposedbythe
transposalofthesedirectives .Intheeighthannualreport
itwasfearedthatsomeMember Stateswouldhave
considerable difficulty inmeetingtheobligations
imposedbythecompletion ofthesinglemarketandthis
fearhasbeenconfirmed bytheworsening ofthe
situation inBelgium,Ireland,Luxembourg ,the
Netherlands andelsewhere .Progress inimplementing Directives applicable underthe
CommonAgricultural Policy(CAP)
Undertheagricultural policyatotalof330harmonization
directives havetobeimplemented .Although implementing
measures havebeennotifiedfor93%ofallthesedirectives
together,problemshavebeenencountered intheveterinary
area,particularly inrelationtoartificialinsemination and
breeding .
ThelowfigureforPortugalisevidenceofthedifficulties which
thatMemberStateishavingwiththetransposalofdirectives ,
particularly thoserelatingtoseedsandseedlings,whichwere
alreadyestablished Community lawatthetimeofPortuguese
accession .Sincethedeadlineforthetransposalofalargenumber
of'WhitePaper'agricultural directives willexpirein
1992andsincetheCouncilhasstilltoadoptmanysuch
directives inthecourseof1992,theMemberStates,and
moreparticularly thosenowindifficulties ,willhaveto
makeaconsiderable effortiftheyaretomeettheir
obligations intherestricted timeremaining until
31December 1992.Directives
applicable on
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium 330 305 92,4
Denmark 330 322 97,6
Germany 330 322 97,6
Greece 328 315 96
Spain 326 310 95,1
France 330 326 98,8
Ireland 330 311 94,2
Italy 330 284 86,1
Luxembourg 330 306 92,7
Netherlands 330 313 94,8
Portugal 326 258 79,1
UnitedKingdom 330 320 97Asregardstheapplication ofDirective83/189/EEC,as
amendedbyDirective88/182/EEC,whichlaysdowna
procedurefortheprovisionofinformation inthefieldof
technicalstandardsandregulations ,47drafttechnical
regulations relatingtoagriculture wereexaminedin1991
forcompatibility withtheTreatyandthesecondary
legislation .Ofthesedrafts,18werefromtheEFTA
countries .Thesefiguresrepresenta17,5%increaseon
1990(39notifications fromtheMemberStatesandone
notification fromanEFTAcountry).Havingsystemat­
icallyvettedthedrafts,theCommission hadtoaskfor
adjustments inalmosteverysecondcasetoensurethat
adoptionwouldnotcreatenewobstaclestothefree
movement ofgoods(detailedopinions).Inothercases
thestatusquowasimposedfor12monthsasfromthe
dateofnotification ,eitherbecausetheCommission
intendedtopresentaproposaltotheCouncilorbecause
themeasuresproposedwerecoveredbyaCommission
proposaltotheCouncilforCommunity legislationto
replacenationalmeasures .2.COMMON FISHERIES POLICY
ToenforcetheCommunity arrangements fortheconser­
vationandmanagement offishstocks,theCommission
continued togiveitsspecialattentiontothemeasures
takenbyMemberStatestoensureobservance ofthe
fishingquotasallocatedtothem.TheCommission 'sview
thattheMemberStatesareanswerable foroverfishing if
theyhavefailedtomonitorfishingactivitieswasagain
endorsedbytheCourtinitsjudgmentof31JanuaryTheCommission alsomeasures thatMember States
complywiththeirobligation tonotifyanylegislation
layingdowntechnicalstandardsorrulespursuantto
Directive 83/189/EEC,asamendedinrespectofagri­
culturebyDirective 88/182/EEC.

NoC250/34 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
1991inCaseC-244/89,Commission vFrance,which
dealtwithinstancesofoverfishing inthecourseof1986.
On5February1991anactionwasalsobroughtagainst
theNetherlands (CaseC-52/91)foroverfishing in1986.
Infringement proceedings werealsoinitiatedagainstthe
UnitedKingdom (overfishing in1985,1986and1987),
theNetherlands (overfishing in1987),Spain(overfishing
in1988),France(overfishing in1988)andDenmark
(overfishing in1988).TheCommission hascontinued itscloseandsystematic
monitoring ofnationalfisherieslegislation inorderto
assessitscompatibility withCommunity law.Inthis
contextmentionshouldbemadeofCaseC-221/89,
Factortame II,inwhichtheCourtwasaskedfora
preliminary rulingontheUnitedKingdomlegislationon
thegrantingofnationalflagrightstofishingvessels.On
25July1991theCourtgaveitseagerlyawaitedruling.
Inthisleadingjudgment ,asinthatgivenon4October
1991inCaseC-246/89concerning theincompatibility of
thesaidUnitedKingdom legislation withtheEEC
Treaty,theCourtheldthat,asCommunity lawstoodat
present,itwasfortheMemberStatestodetermine the
conditions governing therightofflytheirflagbut,in
exercisingthatpower,MemberStateshadtorespectthe
primacyofCommunity law,andinparticularArticles7,
52and221oftheTreaty,wherebytherighttoflya
particularflagcannotberefusedonthegroundsthatthe
ownersoroperatorsofthevesselconcerned arenationals
ofanotherMemberStateorthattheyresideorhave
theirprincipalplaceofbusinessinanotherMember
State.Byitsjudgment of4October 1991inCase
C-93/89,theCourtalsoruledthatArticle52ofthe
Treatywasinfringed byIrishlegislation requiring
nationalsofotherMemberStatestosetupanIrish
companybeforeobtaining alicenceforseafishing .
Thesevariousrulingsreaffirmtheprimacyofthebasic
principlesoftheTreatyasregardsthegrantingofflag
rightsand/orlicencestofishingvesselsandarethusof
majorpoliticalimportance withprofoundrepercussions
notonlyonthefishingindustrybutalsoonthetransport
andothersectors .Withaviewtoensuringtheconsistency oftheconser­
vationarrangements ,theCommission continued to
monitorthefisherycontrolmeasureswhichMember
Statesmustapplyontheirterritoryandwithintheir
waters.Initsjudgment of11June1991inCase
C-64/88,theCourtfoundthatFrancehadfailedto
ensureadequateenforcement oftechnicalmeasuresfor
theconservation ofstocksandthenon25July1991,in
CaseC-258/86,Commission vSpain,itreaffirmed the
Community 'sauthoritytofixTACsandquotasevenfor
watersoutsidetheCommunity fishingzoneand,asa
corollary ,theobligation ontheMemberStatetoapply
tothecatchesconcerned thecontrolmeasuresrequired
bytheCommunity rules.
Infringement proceedings continued againstSpain
(failuretochecklandingdeclarations againstthedata
recordedwhenthefishweresold),France(failureto
meetitsobligation topenalizebreachesofthe
Community rulesconcerning logbooks),Spain(refusalto
cooperatewithCommission inspectors),France(failure
toobservedeadlines forthenotification ofcatches
subjecttoTACsorquotas)andDenmark (nationallegis­
lationcontrarytotheCommunity rulesconcerning
logbooks).Judgment isstillpendingintheproceedings brought
againsttheBritishlegislationwhichmakefishinglicences
subjecteithertonationality andresidenceconditions as
regardsthecomposition ofcrewsortoconditions
wherebyvesselsmustreturnperiodically toBritishports
(CaseC-279/79)andagainstIrishlegislation which,
followingtheexampleoftheUnitedKingdom ,prohibits
BritishvesselsfromfishinginIrishwatersunlessthey
haveobtainedafishinglicencesubjecttothetermslaid
downbytheabovementioned Britishlegislation (Case
C-280/90)0).
Whilstinitiating proceedings againsttheUnited
Kingdom legislation onthegrantingofflagrights
and/orlicencestofishingvessels,theCommission alsc
reviewedthelegislative positionintheotherMembei
States.ItemergedthatalmostalltheotherMembe
Stateshadsimilarnationalruleswherebythegrantingo
fishinglicencesand/orflagrightswassubjectt
conditions ofnationality ,residenceand/ormainplacMemberStates'application oftheCommunity ruleson
thecompulsory notification ofthedatarequiredunder
thecommonorganization ofthemarketmaynowbe
considered satisfactory .FollowingtheCourt'sjudgment
inCasesC-39/88againstIrelandandCaseC-200/88
againstGreece,theCommission wasabletoclosethe
filesconcerned .Thejudgmentgivenon27November
1990inCaseC-209/88againstItalyhasnotyetbeen
fullyimplemented ,however .(')Seealsojudgmentof14December 1989inCaseC-3/f
(1989)ECR4459,andCaseC-216/87(1989)ECR4509.

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/35
ofestablishment .Infringement proceedings wereinitiated thepointofdoingso.TheCommission is,however,
accordingly andarestillinprogress . payingparticularattentiontothesituationinSpain
andItaly.
Intheabovementioned casestheCourtruledon
important mattersofprinciplebuttwoquestionshave
stilltobeanswered inthiscontext :oneistowhatextent,
subjecttocompliance withtheTreatyandgiventhe
underlying principles andspecificfeaturesofthe
common fisheriespolicy,arelationship mustexist
betweenafishingvesselandtheMemberStatewhose
flagitfliesandwhosequotasitfishes;theotheristo
whatextenttheconstraints imposedbytheCommunity 's
structuralpolicy,whichisdesignedtobringthecapacity
ofthefishingfleetintolinewiththefishstocksavailable,
maybereconciled withthefundamental principlesofthe
Treaty.—MostMemberStateshavenotifiedtheCommission
ofthemeasurestheyhavetakentocomplywith
Directive 90/388/EECof28June1990(2)on
competition inthemarketintelecommunications
services .TheCommission isnowvettingthem.Ithas
reasontobelievethatthreeMember States—
Greece,IrelandandItaly—havenotyetfully
transposed theDirectiveandaccordingly ,on25April
1991,havethemtheopportunity topresenttheir
observations asrequired bytheArticle169
procedure .
On19March1991theCourtofJusticegave
judgment ,inCaseC-202/88,broughtbyFrance,
supported byBelgium,Germany ,GreeceandItaly,
tohavepartsofDirective 88/301/EECannulled .The
judgment isofparticular interestinthattheCourt
recognizes thatArticle90(3)givestheCommission
thegeneralpowertoissuedirectivesdefiningthe
obligations imposedbyArticles90(1).Asregardsothernationalfisheriesmeasures,the
Commission wasabletoterminate theinfringement
proceedings initiatedagainstDenmarkandFrancefor
bilaterally concluding fisheries agreements with
non-member countries andthusencroaching onthe
Community 'sexclusivepowersinthisfield.On7July
1991theCourtgaveanimportant rulinginCase
C-146/87concerning thelegislationwherebytheUnited
Kingdomhadextendeditsterritorialwatersin1987.The
Courtheldthatwhenapplyingthespecificaccess
arrangements laiddowninArticle6(2)andinAnnexI
toRegulation (EEC)No170/83,theUnitedKingdom
wouldhavetoabidebythebaselinesinforceon25
January1993,thedatewhentheRegulation cameinto
force.2.COMMERCIAL MONOPOLIES
Thefollowing pointsrelatingtotheadjustment of
nationalcommercial monopolies areworthyofnote:
D.COMPETITION
1.PUBLICUNDERTAKINGS—Inthemoregeneralcontextofthemeasurestaken
toestablishaninternalmarketinenergy,the
Commission commenced infringement proceedings
againstseveralMemberStateswhereexclusiverights
toimportandexportelectricityandgaswerefound
tobeinrestraintofintra-Community trade.Letters
dated9August1991informedBelgium,Denmark ,
France,Greece,Ireland,Italy,theNetherlands ,Spain
andtheUnitedKingdom thattheCommission
considered theseexclusiverightstobecontrarytothe
EECTreaty,inparticularArticle37,andgavethem
noticetopresenttheirobservations .TheCommission 'smainactivities inrelationtoMember
States'obligations towardstheirpublicundertakings are
summarized below.
—AlltheMemberStateshaveabolishedthespecialor
exclusiverightsbannedbyDirective88/301/EECof
16May1988(*)oncompetition inthemarketsin
telecommunications terminalequipment ,orareon
OOJNoL192,24.7.1990,p.10. (l)OJNoL131,27.5.1988,p.73.

NoC250/36 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
—TheCommission continued tosupervisemeasures
takenbytheSpanishauthorities tocomplywiththeir
obligations regarding adjustment ofthepetroleum
monopoly .ItdrewtheSpanishGovernment 's
attentiontothefactthattheexclusivesupplyclause
initslegislation —allowingservicestationsinthe
State-owned networktosupplyonlySpanish
products—wouldhavetobedroppedattheendof
thetransitional period.transportandonthemutualrecognition ofqualifications
inthesefields(77/796/EEC).Infringement proceedings
relatingtothefirsttwoofthesedirectives havebeen
runningfor16years!TheCommission isgladtosee
Italyhasnowresponded toitspressureandputanend
tothisserious,prolongedviolationofCommunity law.It
willbediscussing withtheItalianauthorities certain
shortcomings intheapplication oftherulesgoverning
accesstotheoccupations .
—TurningtothePortuguese petroleummonopoly ,the
Commission concluded thatchangesmadeto
Portuguese legislation hadindeedliberalized the
market.TheCommission iscurrentlyanalysingthe
reasonswhythisliberalization hasstillnotresultedin
increasedimports .Portugalhasstillnottransposed Directive74/562/EEC,
thoughdraftlegislation doesseemtobewellontheway
towardsadoption .
Progressinimplementing Directives applicabletoCompetition
Theoverallrateofimplementation is91.6%;delayssubsistin
Greece,IrelandandItaly.Directive89/438/EEC,amendingthesethreedirectives ,
hasnowbeentransposed bymostoftheMemberStates,
thoughnotbyFrance.Butsomeoftheimplementing
provisions havebeenfoundtobeincomplete orincorrect
andtheCommission iscontinuing theproceedings .
ThenewDirective (90/398/EEC)ontheuseofvehicles
hiredwithoutdriversforthecarriageofgoodsbyroad
enteredintoforceon1January 1991.Italy,the
Netherlands andPortugalaretheonlyMemberStates
thathavenottransposed it.Directives
applicable on
31December
1991(')Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium 3 3 100,0
Denmark 3 3 100,0
Germany 3 3 100,0
Greece 3 2 66,6
Spain3 3 100,0
France 3 3 100,0
Ireland 3 2 66,6
Italy3 2 66,6
Luxembourg3 3 100,0
Netherlands 3 3 100,0
Portugal3 3 100,0
UnitedKingdom 3 3 100,0Intheimportant areaofroadsafety,virtuallyallthe
Member Stateshavetakenthemeasures neededto
broadenobligations regardingthetechnicaltestingof
lightcommercial vehicles.Irelandistheonlyexception ,
butithasnotifiedtheCommission ofabillwhichthe
Commission hasapproved ;itwillbeenactedshortly.(')ThetwoDirectivesreferredtounderheadingD.landDirective
80/723/EEC.
E.TRANSPORT POLICY
1.ROADTRANSPORTTechnical harmonization ofroadtransport isakey
component ofthecommontransportpolicy.Oneofthe
mostrecentmeasures inthisarea—Directive
89/461/EECfixingmaximumauthorized dimensions for
articulated vehicles—hasbeenimplemented inall
MemberStatesbuttwo—ItalyandLuxembourg .The
Commission hascommenced infringement proceedings
againstthesetwoMemberStatesandhopesthatthey
willcomeintolinewithCommunity lawinthenear
future.Italyatlastcompliedwithjudgments givenagainstitby
theCourtofJusticeforfailuretotranspose the
Directives onaccesstotheoccupation ofroadhaulage
operator (74/561/EEC)andofpassenger transport
operator (74/562/EEC)innationalandinternational

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/37
Inahybridareaconcerning boththesocialprotectionof
workersandroadsafety,theCommission hasstillnot
beenabletoinduceItaly,BelgiumandLuxembourg to
takethemeasures neededtoimplement Directive
88/599/EEC,whichlaysdownstandardchecking
procedures fortheimplementation ofsociallegislation
relatingtoroadtransportandtorecordingequipment in
vehicles .TheCommission mayhavetobringproceedings
intheCourtofJustice.studenttotheeffectthattheGermanauthorities have
replacedtheconceptof'habitualresidence'usedin
Directive 80/1263/EECbytheconceptof'permanent
stay'inapplyingtherulesgoverning theexchangeof
drivinglicences .Astudentdomiciled inoneMember
StatebutresidinginGermanysolelyinordertostudy
thereisgivenfullresidencestatusbytheGermanauth­
oritiesandaccordingly hastoexchange hisnational
drivinglicence,whichhecanonlyuseforoneyearin
Germanyfromthebeginning ofhisstay.Infringement
proceedings haveaccordingly beencommenced against
Germany .
ItalyandtheUnitedKingdomhaveatlastadoptedthe
Community drivinglicenceforallcategories prescribed
byDirective 80/1263/EEC.AlltheMemberStatesare
nowissuingthesametypeofdrivinglicence.InJuly1991theCounciladoptedanewDirectiveon
drivinglicences(91/439/EEC),whichprovidesthatwith
effectfromJuly1996thedrivinglicenceissuedbythe
national authorities oftheMember Stateswillbe
recognized ratherthanexchanged ,evenwhentheholder
movestoadifferentMemberState.Italsoconfirmsthe
Commission 'sapproachthatattendance atauniversityor
schoolinanotherCommunity Stateshouldnotbe
regarded asatransferofhabitualresidence .Students
maythuscontinuetousethedrivinglicenceissuedin
theirMemberStateoforigin.InMaytheCourtofJusticegaveanimportantjudgment
relatingtocombined transport (CaseC-45/89).The
background tothecasewastobefoundinacomplaint
receivedbytheCommission fromtheItaliansubsidiary
ofaGermancompany ,accordingtowhichtheItalian
authorities wererefusingtoissueanynewauthorizations
fortractorsusedforcombinedtransportoperations .The
Courtheldthatbymaintaining inforceasystemofauth­
orizationsand/orquotasforcombinedroad/railcarriage
ofgoodsbetweenMemberStatesandbywithholding
authorizations fromprivatepersonswishingtoundertake
suchcarriage,theItalianRepublichadfailedtofulfilits
obligations underDirective 75/130/EEContheestab­
lishmentofcommonrulesforcertaintypesofcertain
road/railcarriageofgoodsbetweenMemberStates.Inthelightofthesenewprovisionsandfollowingearlier
discussions withtheCommission ,theGermannational
authorities ,actinginagreement withtheLander,willbe
issuingregulations exempting studentsfromtheobli­
gationtoexchange drivinglicencesimposedbythe
existinglaw
Thisgreatlyhelpstoclarifytherulesgoverning
combinedtansportinamannerwhichwillbeconducive
toitsdevelopment inlinewiththerulesmadebythe
Council . 2-INLANDWATERWAYS
TheCommission subsequently askedtheItalian
government totakethenecessarymeasurestocomply
withthisjudgment ,butnonehaveyetbeennotified.InDecember theCourtofJusticegavejudgment
declaringthatBelgiumhadfailedtocomplywithitsobli­
gationsunderArticle171oftheEECTreatybyfailing
togiveeffecttotheearlierjudgmentof24May1988.
Belgiumhasstillnottransposed Directive 82/714/EEC
layingdowntechnicalrequirements forinlandwaterway
vessels.ButithasnotifiedtheCommission ofdraftlegis­
lationtodoso;theCommission hopesthatitwillbe
adoptedsoastoputanendtothisseriousinfringement
ofCommunity law.Thecitizens'Europeconcepthastransport policy
aspects.TheCommission receivedacomplaintfroma

NoC250/38 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
Directive 79/409/EECis"theotherenvironmental
directivemostfrequently infringed .Asinthepast,the
casesconcerned failuretodesignatespecialprotection
areas,disruption ordamageindesignated areasand
unlawfulhuntingforprotectedspecies(1).DespiteCommission pressure,Directive87/540/EECon
accesstotheoccupation ofcarrierofgoodsbywaterway
hasnotyetbeentransposed inalltheMemberStates,
althoughinmanycasestheirauthorities haveprepared
drafts.TheCommission maysoonhavetotakethe
MemberStatestotheCourtofJusticeiftheydonot
notifymeasures .
2.WATERProgressinimplementing DirectivesapplicabletoTransport
Theresultsaregoodhere,withanaveragerateof93%,andno
appreciable divergences betweenthevariousMemberStates.
TheCourtofJusticegavejudgmentagainstGermanyin
CaseC-131/88andItalyinCaseC-360/87forfailureto
transpose Directive 80/68/EEContheprotection of
groundwater .Itwillberemembered thatjudgmentwas
givenagainsttheNetherlands in1987(CaseC-219/84)
onthesamegrounds;therequisiteimplementing
measures havestillnotbeennotified .Directives
applicable on
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium 42 39 92,9
Denmark 40 39 97,5
Germany 42 40 95,2
Greece 41 39 95,1
Spain 42 41 97,6
France 45 42 93,3
Ireland 39 38 97,4
Italy 41 36 87,8
Luxembourg 40 35 87,5
Netherlands 43 40 93
Portugal 35 32 91,4
UnitedKingdom 40 39 97,5Judgment wasalsogivenagainstBelgiuminCase
C-290/89andGermanyinCaseC-58/89forincorrect
transposal ofDirectives 75/440/EECand79/869/EEC
onsurfacewater.
Amongthenumerous infringement proceedings
commenced againstMemberStateswhofailedtoapply
oractivelyviolatedCommunity lawonwaterprotection ,
oneofthemorenoteworthy wasthecasecommenced
againstallMemberStatesforfailingtoimplement
programmes toreducewaterpollutionby99dangerous
substances andtoestablishqualityobjectives asrequired
byArticle7ofDirective76/464/EEConpollutionby
dangerous substances (l).F.ENVIRONMENT
1.PROTECTION OFWILDFAUNAANDFLORA
3.AIR
Directive 85/337/EEContheassessment oftheaffects
ofcertainpublicandprivateprojectsontheenvironment
wastheonethatpromptedthelargestnumberofcases
flowingfromcomplaintsortheCommission 'sowninves­
tigationsin1991.WiththeexceptionofLuxembourg ,
wheretherehasbeendelayinadoptingtherequisite
Grand-Ducal regulation ,alltheMemberStateshave
nowtransposed thedirectiveandmostofthecases
arisingareforfailuretoapplyitproperly .OfthesixMemberStatesrequiredtotakenational
measures toimplement Directive 89/427/EEC,
amending Directive 80/779/EEC,onsulphurdioxide
andsuspended particulates ,Portugalwastheonlyoneto
dosointhetimeallowed,thoughDenmarkannounced
(')FullerdetailsaregiveninAnnexC.

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/39
withinthetimelimitthatitsexistinglegislation was
alreadyinconformity . Progressinimplementing Directives applicabletothe
Environment
The85%averagesuccessratehereisquitegood,thoughthe
delaysinItalyandGreececontinuetogivecauseforconcern .
InMaytheCourtofJusticegavejudgment against
GermanyforfailuretotransposeDirective80/779/EEC
onsulphurdioxideandsuspended particulates and
Directive 82/884/EEConlead(CasesC-361/88and
C-59/89).Jugdment wasgivenagainstFrancein
OctoberforincorrecttransposalofthosetwoDirectives
andDirective 85/203/EEConnitrogendioxide(Cases
C-64/90,C-13/90andC-14/90)0).Directives
applicable on
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium 92 75 81
Denmark 92 91 98
Germany 92 84 92
Greece 91 70 76
Spain 91 85 93
France 92 82 89
Ireland 91 77 84
Italy 92 55 59
Luxembourg 92 80 86
Netherlands 92 88 95
Portugal 91 86 94
UnitedKingdom 91 77 854.NOISE
Directives 88/180/EECand88/181/EECamending
Directive84/538/EECrelatingtothepermissible sound
powerleveloflawnmowers havenotyetbeenfully
transposed throughout theCommunity .Implementing
measuresremaintobetakeninoneofthethreeregions
ofBelgiumandinGermany,IrelandandtheUnited
Kingdom .Spainhastransposed onlyDirective
88/181/EEC.
G.ENERGY
1.PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 5.WASTE—CHEMICAL ANDBIOCHEMICAL
SUBSTANCES
TheCommission 'sproceedings againstItalyandthe
Netherlands forfailuretotranspose Directive
85/536/EEC(useofsubstitute fuelsinpetrol)reached
theCourtofJustice;thecaseagainstBelgiumwas
closed.GermanyhasalreadynotifiedtheCommission ofthe
measurestakentotransposeDirectives 90/219/EECand
90/220/EEConthecontained useanddeliberate release
intotheenvironment ofgenetically modifiedorganisms ;
theCommission hasbeeninformedthatmeasures have
alsobeenadoptedinDenmarkandtheNetherlands .TheCommission terminated theproceedings against
PortugalforfailuretotransposeDirectives 75/339/EEC
and75/405/EECandsuspended theproceedings for
failuretotranspose Directives 78/170/EECand
82/885/EEC. Denmark ,GermanyandLuxembourg havenotifiedtheir
measures fortheimplementation ofDirective
90/517/EECamendingfortheeleventhtimeDirective
67/548/EEContheclassification ,packaging and
labellingofdangerous substances(').
2.TRANSIT OFELECTRICITY —Directive 90/547/EEC
Belgium,Denmark ,France,Germany andthe
Netherlands havealreadytransposed thisDirecitve . (')FullerdetailsaregiveninAnnexC.

NoC250/40 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
H.THEEXTERNAL DIMENSION 3.TRANSPARENCY OFPRICES—Directive
90/377/EEC
1.EXTERNAL RELATIONS
NoneoftheMemberStateshasyettransposed this
Directive .
TheCommission tookGreecetocourtforblocking
importsofmatchesfromSwedenandBulgariabymeans
ofa'deltaprocedure',nevernotifiedtotheCommission ,
wherebytheCentralBankcanwithholdimportlicences .
TheGreekauthorities haveneveranswered the
Commission 'srequestsforinformation aboutthis
procedure .4.COAL—Decision 90/296/ECSC
2.DEVELOPMENT COOPERATIONTheCommission commenced proceedings underArticle
688oftheECSCTreatybyaddressing aletterofformal
noticetotheGermanauthorities regardingtheirfailure
tonotifytheplansforreduction ofcompensatory
paymentsunderthethirdElectricity-from-coal Lawand
forrestructuring ,rationalization andmodernization of
theminingindustry (asrequiredbyCommission
Decision 89/296/ECSC).Themainpurposeofmonitoring theapplication of
Community lawhereistoensurethatMemberStates
complywiththevariousProtocols totheLome
Convention ,agreements withnon-member countriesand
legislation implementing international commodity
agreements towhichtheCommunity isaparty.
Similarproceedings werecommenced againstSpain;the
Spanishauthorities gaveasatisfactory answertothe
Commission 'sletterofformalnoticeandnotifiedplans
forthereductionofaidsandtherestructuring ofthe
miningindustry .I.STATISTICAL ,ADMINISTRATIVE ANDBUDGETARY
MATTERS
1.STATISTICS Progressinimplementing DirectivesapplicabletoEnergy
Generallyspeakingtherearenomajorproblemswithnotifi­
cationofimplementing measures;theaveragerateisahealthy
91%. Roadtransport
Withrespecttostatistics,MemberStatesarerequiredto
supplyfiguresatgivenintervalsoncertainsubjectsand
inaccordance withstrictprocedures .Directives
applicableon
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium14 13 92,9
Denmark 14 13 92,9
Germany14 13 92,9
Greece 12 9 75
Spain12 10 83
France 14 13 92,9
Ireland 11 9 81,8
Italy14 11 78,6
Luxembourg 12 10 83
Netherlands 14 12 85,7
Portugal13 9 69
UnitedKingdom 11 9 81,8ThemainpurposeofCouncilDirective78/546/EECon
statisticalreturnsinrespectofcarriageofgoodsbyroad,
aspartofregionalstatisticsistoobtaincomparable
annualdataonthecarriageofgoodsbyvehicles
registeredinoneoftheMemberStatesintheterritoryof
thatMemberState(nationaltransport)andtoandfrom
otherMemberStatesornon-member countries (inter­
nationaltransport).Thisinformation isextremelyuseful
fortheformulation ofCommunity transport policy,
whichrequiresagoodknowledge ofthescaleanddevel­
opmentofroadhaulageoperations ;itiscomplemented
bysimilarDirectivesconcerning theothertwomodesof
inlandtransport—railandinlandwaterways .

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/41
suppliedunderDirectives 73/132/EECand78/53/EEC.
Considerable progresshassincethenbeenmadeinestab­
lishingagricultural statisticsinItaly.TheCommission
hopesthatdoubtsstillsurrounding thesestatisticswillbe
allayedwhenthefinalresultsofthe1990agricultural
censusemerge .On18July1989theCouncilextendedthescopeofthis
Directivetoprovidemorecomprehensive statisticsonthe
carriageofgoodsbyroad.Theamending Directive
(89/642/EEC)laysdownthatcertaindatabeforwarded
,atshorterintervals (everythreemonths)andthat
additional information beprovidedontraffictoand
fromnon-member countries .
InfringementsTheweaknessofBelgium'sagricultural statisticsissuch
thatattheendof1991theCommission hadto
commence infringement proceedings fordelaysin
notifyingstatisticsonherdsandagricultural production .
TheDirectivesconcerned hereare76/630/EEC(pigs);
73/132and78/53/EEC(cattle);72/280/EEC(milkand
milkproducts),and82/177/EEC(sheepandgoats).Following theestablishment ofaninfringement
concerning Italy,anactionwasbroughtbeforetheCourt
ofJustice,whichgavejudgmenton11July1985(1).In
viewoftheimportance oftheDirective,theCommission
decidedon29June1989tobringasecondactionbefore
theCourt,whichgavejudgmenton8May1991(2).The
datafor1989suppliedbyItalyinJuly1991arein
conformity withtheDirective .2.COMMUNITY STAFF
Theinfringement proceeding againsttheNetherlands
regardingthetransferofpensionrightsunderArticle11
ofAnnexVIIItotheCommunity StaffRegulations were
closedwhentheDutchauthorities gaveasatisfactory
answertotheCommission 'sletterofformalnotice.AttheendofNovember 1991,thankstotechnical
assistance fromEurostat,Luxembourg resumed
supplyingdatawitheffectfromthefirstquarterof1991.
Theinfringement proceedings havebeensuspended until
30June1992togivetimetoestablishwhethertheflow
ofdataisresumedonaregularbasis;ifso,the
proceedings willbeterminated .
Inthesamecontext,Belgiumresponded toinfringement
proceedings bypassinganewlawinMay1991that
allowspensiontransferstobemadeonthebasisofa
subrogation principle . Agricultural statistics
Thefirsttransfersarenowbeingeffected .The
proceedings willbeclosedaftertheimplementation and
operationofthenewlawhavebeenmonitored fora
'runningin'period.SeveralCouncilDirectives provideforthetransmission
ofagricultural statisticsregularlyusedbymanagement
committees .Thenatureofthedata,andthefrequency
andtimingofnotification ,havebeendetermined with
theMemberStatessoastomeettheneedsofthese
committees .Agricultural measuresregularlyentailheavy
expenditure fromnationalbudgetsandtheCommunity
budget,andcanonlybedevisedproperlyifthestatistics
availableforusebythecommittees arefullyreliableand
available ontime.Withrespecttotheaggregation offamilyallowances
underArticle68oftheStaffRegulations ,the
Commission iscontinuing itsdiscussions withthe
Germanauthorities ontheimplementation oftheCourt
ofJusticejudgment of7May1978inCase189/85
(1987),ECR2075.Germanypassednewlegislation in
1987,thediscussions nowconcernthequestionof
compensation totheCommunity inrespectoftheperiod
from31January1975to30April1987.Attheendof1988theCommission commenced
proceedings againstItalyforfailuretosupplyreliable
statisticsoncattleherds.Comparison ofitsfigureswith
thoseofpreviousyears,withthosegivenforthe
purposesofcalculating milkcowpremiumsandwith
otherdatasuppliedbyItalytothemanagement
committees raiseddoubtsastothecorrectness ofdataTheSpanishauthorities responded totheinfringement
proceedings basedonArticle12oftheProtocolon
PrivilegesandImmunities bychangingtheirlegislationto
solvedifficulties metbyformerofficialsandtemporary(')Case101/84,Commission v.Italy.
(2)CaseC-266/89,Commission v.Italy.

NoC250/42 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
staffwishingtoimporttheirmotorvehiclestax-free.The
Commission ispursuingitsdiscussions withtheSpanish
authorities inordertosettleanumberofspecificcases
coveredbytheoldlegislation .TheCommission addressedareasonedopiniontoFrance
inordertoobtainpaymentofVATownresources (with
interest)thathavenotbeenpaid,contrarytoDirective
77/388/EECandRegulation (EEC)No1552/89.
Progressinimplementing DirectivesapplicabletoStatisticsTheBelgianauthorities broughtinnewtaxmeasures
wherebythespousesofCommunity officialswithearned
incomeliabletoBelgiantaxdidnotqualifyforthe
marriedperson'sallowance .Astheyhadnotsoughtto
cooperatewiththeCommunity institutions asrequired
byArticle19oftheProtocolonPrivileges and
Immunities ,theCommission sentaletterofformal
notice.Thegenerallygoodrateofprogresshereat98,5%,makes
Italy'sslightdelayallthemoresignificant .
3.BUDGETARY MATTERSDirectives
applicable on
31December
1991Directives
forwhich
measures
havebeen
notified%
Belgium 42 38 90
Denmark 42 42 100
Germany 43 43 100
Greece 42 42 100
Spain 47 47 100
France 42 42 100
Ireland 42 42 100
Italy 42 42 95
Luxembourg 42 41 98
Netherlands 42 42 100
Portugal 47 47 100
UnitedKingdom 42 42 100On16MaytheCourtofJusticegavejudgmentagainst
theNetherlands inCaseC-96/89,orderingittopay
agricultural leviesfor1983(withinterestrunningfrom
June1984)onconsignments ofmaniocimportedfrom
Thailandwithoutexportcertificates andchargedtolevy
atthepreferential rateof6°/oinsteadofthefullrateof
72%.TheNetherlands responded bypayingthecorre­
sponding ownresources totheCommission (Hfl
19765281bywayofleviesandHfl57946131byway
ofinterest).
III.TABLES,CHARTS ANDSUMMARIES

No1
Infringement proceedings initiatedsince1987,classifiedbystageofproceedings andMemberState28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/43Letterofformalnotice Reasoned opinion ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
B 55 52 70 67 74 28 23 21 29 46 7 10 19 13 7
D 65 58 57 61 62 17 24 12 20 13 2 8 5 5 1
DK 36 29 36 35 53 6 6 4 5 4 0 3 1 3 1
EL 77 64 88 121 89 28 32 21 39 48 11 14 10 10 9
E 32 31 53 114 81 8 11 8 15 30 1 1 5 3 2
F 66 58 68 76 60 29 27 20 17 15 8 10 8 6 4
IRL 46 41 50 52 62 24 10 14 17 27 3 8 2 3 3
I 73 107 114 110 118 27 52 58 58 76 21 14 39 24 24
L 26 36 43 43 64 10 8 13 14 35 2 2 7 4 4
NL 41 42 62 61 64 11 12 11 20 23 4 3 6 2 7
P 11 18 26 176 86 0 7 5 11 84 0 0 1 2 2
UK 44 33 37 44 64 9 15 12 6 11 2 0 5 2 0
Total 572 569 704 960 877 197 227 199 251 412 61 73 108 77 64

No2
Numberoflettersofformalnotice,1986to1991,classifiedbysector
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991NoC250/44 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92Agriculture Total CustomsunionandInternalmarketandEmployment andTransport
indirecttaxation industrial affairs socialaffairsEnvironment and Othersectors
consumerprotection

No3
Numberofreasonedopinions,1986to1991,classifiedbysector28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/45CustomsunionandInternalmarketandEmployment andTransport Agriculture Environment andOthersectors Total
indirecttaxation industrialaffairs socialaffairs consumerprotection

No4
Numberofreferences totheCourtofJustice,1986to1991,classifiedbysector
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991NoC250/46 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92CustomsunionandInternalmarketandEmployment andTransport
indirecttaxation industrial affairs socialaffairsAgriculture Environment and
consumerprotectionOthersectors Total

No5
Infringement proceedings initiatedsince1984classifiedbystageofproceedings andsector
Secretariat-GeneralTelecommunications,informationindustry,
innovationStatisticalquestionsCustomsunionindirekttaxationCommercialpolicyEconomicandfinancialpolicyInternalmarketandindustrialaffairsCompetitionEmploymentanasocialaffairsAgricultureTransportDevelopmentAdministrativequestionsEnvironmentandconsumerprotection
FisheriesFinancialcontrol
EnergyBudgetsLegalserviceFinancialinstitutions
Total
1984Letterofformalnotice 6411 172 615917'246513 13 454
Reasoned opinion12522463425 1 333 12 148
Reference totheCourtofJustice \111 1 123\373 2 1 1 54
1985Letterofformalnotice\148 2l152 72314810 15694 6242 503
Reasonedopinion 37\93964371526 22 233
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice 22 134 121751623 1 113
1986Letterofformalnotice 60 1 119 22311611 13425 35215516
Reasoned opinion 16 57 9424 5It3 310 4164
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice 17 29 3103 410 12 1 71
1987Letterofformalnotice 314\177 5598331 115911 1 16 3572
Reasoned opinion 39 1\7251321 1 2461 5 9197
Reference totheCourtofJustice 22 17 16134 31 2 69
1988Letterofformalnotice 4384 1190 81616716 3939 6122569
Reasoned opinion 16 1 58 104117 2718 2 1227
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice 11 17 111103 1141 2 273
1989Letterofformalnotice 516 48 1281 3341106 4101 4 75336664
Reasoned opinion 420 1 46313376 2266 1294180
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice 113 28 1412 1\1218 14 196
1990Letterofformalnotice 2 27 123773421574925316819 46 48960
Reasoned opinion \242 9437437\839 3 1 20251
ReferencetotheCourtofJusticeI6\31 1694\314L377
1991Letterofformalnotice\10 29 255189225121 136 5 12552877
Reasoned opinion 2 16 162 31314610 545 1 1412
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice 311L15L2192\82\\\\46428.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/47

No6
Infringement proceedings initiatedsince1984,classifiedbysectorandlegalbasisNoC250/48 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92Secretariat-GeneralTelecommunicationsinformationindustry,
innovationStatisticalquestionsCustomsunionindirecttaxationCommercialpolicyEconomicandfinancialpolicyInternalmarketandindustrial
affairsCompetitionEmploymentandsocialaffairsAgricultureTransportDevelopmentAdministrativequestionsEnvironmentandconsumerprotection
FisheriesFinancialcontrol
EnergyBudgetsLegalserviceFinancialinstitutions
SubtotalTotal
1984Nomeasures notified
Notproperlyincorporated
Notproperlyapplied34
6
783
24
127
243
1
348
15
2222
46
17454
Treaty/Regulations \1711I644644 24 13 13 169
1985Nomeasures notified
Notproperlyincorporated
Notproperlyapplied113
3
987
55
7
280
5
18 58
10
16 257
30
14503
Treaty/Regulations \232 607 8632 16 4 242 202
1986Nomeasures notified
Notproperlyincorporated
Notproperlyapplied20
1373
3
182
11
368
1
49
184
32
93
49
4
2268
51
54516
Treaty/Regulations\\27 1 252743 1 925 12 143
1987Nomeasures notified
Notproperlyincorporated
Notproperlyapplied5
1578
1
3028
3
858
917
6
268
30
58'1
25
2
1260
42
125572
Treaty/Regulations I I I11\ I68520166 1211 1 4 145
1988Nomeasures notified
Notproperlyincorporated
NotproperlyappliedI
1
33
13101
7
49 11
5130
1411
136
24
30 11282
33
117569
Treaty/Regulations\224133710234 339 512 1137
1989Nomeasures notified
Notproperlyincorporated
Notproperlyapplied16
16
2
22 1141
3
877
2
770
125 46
17
377 29
1
3327
25
169664
Treaty/Regulations 5 18\5031828 1 4 14 533143
1990Nomeasures notified
Notproperlyincorporated
Notproperlyapplied2 2
15 2260
6
66318
1
2127
934
1182
74
62 14
338
3
1656
87
162960
Treaty/Regulations||\10I45 212114 2 319 13 6145
1991Nomeasures notified
Notproperlyincorporated
Notproperlyapplied10 5
10173
3
53722
3202
1
3317 67
25
42 1 1 136
4539
33
144877
lTreaty/Regulations 14II261167154I24 1\512161

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/49
No7
Numberofinfringement proceedings initiatedsince1984,classifiedbylegalbasisandstageofproceedings
TreatiesandRegulations
Directives
Formalnotice
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Reasoned
opinion
Reference toCourt
ofJustice
Judgment

No8
Numberofinfringement proceedings initiatedsince1988,classifiedbyMemberState,legalbasisandstageofproceedings
1988 1989 1990 1991
MemberStageofthe
infringement
proceeding (')Directives
Treatiesand
RegulationsDirectives
Treatiesand
RegulationsDirectives Directives
State
Nomeasures
notifiedNotproperly
incorporatedMotproperly
appliedNomeasures
notifiedNotproperly
incorporatedNotproperly
appliedNomeasures
notifiedNotproperly
incorporatedNotproperly
appliedTreatiesand
Regulations Nomeasures
notifiedNotproperly
incorporatedNotproperly
appliedTreatiesand
Regulations
BFN
RO
RCJ30
5
44
57
6
311
7
338
6
32
1
212
4
315
7
432
17
64
3
216
7
215
2
349
23
35
27
9
113
15
1
DFN
RO
RCJ27
4
13
2
312
12
216
6
219
13
3
116
5
216
3
118
61
2
118
5
124
7
336
61 12
4
113
3
DKFN
RO
RCJ20 1
16
2
22
3
121 1
18
2
14
122
11 5
3
27
1
134
11 5
1
113
2
ELFN
RO
RCJ37
12
52
6
211
314
11
763
6
22
111
6
216
7
578
20
42
2
126
5
115
12
449
37
24
218
5
218
4
5
ESFN
RO
RCJΞ3 3
515
6
113 4
1
122
3
212
4
275
15
419
6
315
441
189
313
5
218
4
FFN
RO
RCJ22
8
31
5
119
3
116
11
521
12
2
111
6
128
11
531
83
2
418
124
6
230
4
13
1
19
4
118
6
1
IRLFN
RO
RCJ27
6
43
4
24
17
131
43
16
46
3
237
13
26
12
1
17
246
23
23
29
2
14
IFN
RO
RCJ53
17
56
7
223
19
125
9
648
16
84
4
342
20
1416
13
1062
30
155
5
127
16
516
7
357
40
153
5
332
23
626
8
LFN
RO
RCJ28
5
22
13
13
126
5
51 4
17
3
138
8
31 2
42
2
154
29
324
26
2
1
NLFN
RO
RCJ22
3
24
16
410
4
132
3
13 14
3
18
4
346
107
3
12
46
3
139
14
53
2
112
410
3
1
PFN
RO
RCJΞ1 4
313
44
—12
4
110
1151
31
115
28
5
264
79
21 11
310
2
UKFN
RO16
13
69
35
521
311
45
426
11
211
26
140
712
312
1
RCJ— — — — — 1 1 3 — — 1 1 — — — —NoC250/50 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92(')FN=FormalNotice
RO=ReasonedOpinion
RCJ=ReferencetotheCourtofJustice

No9
References toCourtandjudgments since198728.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/51SectorMember
StateReference totheCourt Judgment fortheCommission Judgment fortheMemberState
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Administrative questionsB 1 1 1 1 1l
D11\
Lll1lll
Internalmarketand
industrial affairsB 1 3 5 4 1 2l
D 1 1 2 1 1 3l
DK 1 1ll
F 3 4\1\
UK 11
1 1l
GR 3 1 1 2 1 2ll
I 4 4 9 1 5 3 5 2 2l
IRL 1 1 1ll
L 1 4 1\
NL 1 1 4 1lll
E 1 1ll
P 1 1ll \ lll1
Statemonopolies andcompetition I|1lll
GR 1 1 1 1 1lll
B 1 1ll
P 1ll lll
BudgetD 1l1
I 1 1 3 1ll
NL 1 \l
GR 1 1lll
F 1\\\ \\1

SectorMember
StateReference totheCourt JudgmentfortheCommission JudgmentfortheMemberState
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Development GR\ \\ I1I
Financial control GR 1\\ \ \
Freemovement ofpersons
andfreedomtoprovideservicesB 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
D\ \ \\ \1
GR 2\2 2 1\ \1 3
F 1\2 1l \1 2
II3 6\1 3
IRL\ \1I \ \
L\ \ \3l \1 l
NL 1\2 1 1I2\ I
El1\ I \ I1I
P\ \ \\1I
Environment and
Consumer protectionB 1 4 2 2 2 4 1 2 1 l I
D\3 3 1I2I\1 4 1
I 1 2 δ 3 2 1 2 3 5I
L 1 1\ \1I |
NL 1l1 1 2\1l
DKI \ \1l
I
F\1 1 4 2\1 1 3I
I
GR 1 1 1 1 1l1\ \
IRL\2 1 1Il
\
UK 1 1\I
\
E\1 2l \1\
Agriculture D 2\\ I1 1\
F||1 1 1 1\ \
I 6 1 5 2 7 6 3 1 1 1\
IRL 1I\2i \
UK\ \1\
B 2 1\\2 1 1 1l I
GR 4 3 3 3I I3 1 1 2 1I
LI \\1i.....
l
NLI1\\1 1l
I
DK|| \ \1\ I\ \NoC250/52 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92

SectorMember
StateReference totheCourt Judgment fortheCommission JudgmentfortheMemberState
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Transport B 1 1 1 1l1
F 1I
D 1I
I 2 1 1 2I2
IRL 1Il.!
GR 2 1 1 1I
Statistics I 1I1I
Fisheries GR 1 11 I
F 1 2 1 2
I 1 1I
UK 3 2I
IRL 1 2 1 1
NL 1 1 1
E 1 1
Customs union B 1
E 1
F 1 1
I 1 4 1 1 1\
P 11
UK 1 1
GR 1 2 1i
D 1 1\
Financial institutions B 1 1.........
I 1I I \ \28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/53

SectorMember
StateReference totheCourt JudgmentfortheCommission Judgment fortheMemberState
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Indirecttaxation B 1 1 1 1 1
D\1 1 1
DK\3 2 1\1 1
F 1 1 2 1
UKll
2
I 6 1 1 1 5 3 3 3 1 1
IRL 1 2 1 2
NLl1 1\
GR\1 3 1 1 1 2\1
E 2 1 1 1 2
L\1 1
Employment ,educationand
socialaffairsB 1 2 1 1 1
F\2 1 2 1 1\\
UK 1 1
I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1\\
L 1 1 1\ \
GR 2 1
IRL 1
NL 1\ l \1
EnergyBI1I I1I\NoC250/54 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92

No10
CourtofJusticeJudgments deliveredupto31December 1991butnotyetcompliedwith
GERMANY
14.2.1984 CaseC-352/82 Exemptions fromturnovertaxandexcise
dutiesonimports(butter-buying cruises)Fresh infringement proceedings
(A/320/85)
Germany hasstillnottakenmeasuresto
giveeffecttotheCourt'sruling
12.3.1987 CaseC-178/84 Banonthesaleofbeersnotmadefrom
maltedbarleyTheGerman authorities haveinformed the
Commission thatfollowing thejudgment they
havetakenadministrative measures toallow
properlylabelledbeersfromotherMemberStates
tobesoldinGermany .Buttheystillhavetotake
legislative measures28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/557.5.1987 CaseC-189/85 Overlapping familyallowances (A/65/83)
Sometechnical problems concerning the
repayment ofarrearshavestilltoberesolved .
ContactsaretotakeplacewiththeGermanauth­
oritiesinFebruary 1992
17.9.1987 CaseC-412/85 Wildbirds (A/119/84) Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/48/89)
On5December 1990theCommission
decidedtoreferthemattertotheCourt
2.2.1989 CaseC-274/87 Problemsaffectingimportsofpaté Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/373/90)TheGermanGovernment hasconfirmed thatit
willamenditslegislation whentransposing
CouncilDirective 88/658/EECof14December
1988amending Directive77/99/EEConhealth
problems affectingintra-Community tradein
meatproducts .Inthemeantime theFederal
MinistryofHealthhassentanadministrative
ordertotheLanderinspection authorities
requiringthemtocomplywiththeCourt'sruling.
AGovernment circular,accepted bythe
Commission ,hasbeenissuedtotheeffectthat
freemovement hasbeenachieved(A/85/500)

11.5.1989 CaseC-76/86 (A/354/84) Prohibition onthemarketing ofmilk
substitutesTheGermanmeasurestoimplement theCourt's
rulinghavebeenfoundsatisfactory afterinitial
vettingbytheCommission
28.11.1989 CaseC-186/88 (A/281/87) Healthchecksinintra-Community trade
inlivestock,meatandmeatproducts HealthcheckswereabolishedbyaRegulation of
7November 1991
(Bundesgesetzblatt INo62,15.11.1991)
3.7.1990 CaseC-288/88 Wildbirds (A/222/86) Article171proceedings arebeinginitiated
fornon-compliance withthejudgmentof
3July1990
28.2.1991 CaseC-131/88 Groundwater AletterwarningofactionunderArticle
171wassenton23July1991TheGermanreplyof2October1991statedthat
thelegislativeprocedures withtheLändertogive
effecttothejudgment weretobecommenced .
Notimetablewasgiven
30.5.1991 CaseC-361/88 Sulphurdioxide AletterwarningofactionunderArticle
171wassenton7November 1991NoC250/56 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.9230.5.1991 CaseC-59/89 Leadintheair AletterwarningofactionunderAricle
171wassenton7November 1991
17.10.1991 CaseC-58/89 Surfacewater:incorrecttransposal AletterwarningofactionunderArticle
171isbeingsent
BELGIUM
19.10.1986 CaseC-137/80 Transferofpensionrights (A/7/78) TheCourtdelivered asecondjudgment
on3October1989,inCase383/85
(A/303/84)TransfersarenowpossibleundertheLawpassed
on21May1991,effective1992.Infringement
proceedings maybeclosedafterarunning-in
period

2.12.1986 CaseC-239/85 Toxicwaste TheWalloonRegionhasadoptedlegislation
transposing theDirective buthasmadeno
provision forpractical implementing
arrangements
(A/169/83)Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/212/90)
On5December 1990theCommission
decidedtosendareasonedopinion
17.6.1987 CaseC-l/86 Protection ofgroundwater against
pollutionTheBrusselsRegionhascomplied withthe
Court'sruling(RoyalDecreeof19June1989).
TheWalloonRegionhasnotcomplied ,however,
norhastheFlemishRegioninsomerespectsFreshinfringement proceedings
(A/291/88)
CasependingbeforetheCourt
(C-174/91)
8.7.1987 CaseC-247/85 Wildbirds (A/118/84) Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/291/90)
On5December 1990theCommission
decidedtosendareasonedopinion28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/5724.5.1988 CaseC-307/86 Technical requirements forinland
waterway vessels(A/202/85) Secondjudgment givenagainstBelgium
on10December 1991(CaseC-19/91)
(A/356/89)
27.9.1988 CaseC-42/87 (A/435/85) Discrimination inthegovernment funding
ofhighereducationestablishments notof
university levelFreshinfringement proceedings
(A/173/90)
On18December 1991theCommission
decidedtoreferthemattertotheCourt.
On4December 1991theExecutive ofthe
German-speaking Community announced
draftmeasurestocomplywiththeruling
11.5.1989 CaseC-46/88 Divisionsandmergersofpubliclimited
liabilitycompanies(A/129/86) Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/399/90)
Thedecisiontosendareasonedopinion
willbecarriedoutifthereisnoprogress
inadoptingthedraftlawnotifiedin
October 1990

15.5.1989 CaseC-52/88 Restrictions ontheuseofediblegelatine (A/447/85) Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/193/90)
On18December 1991theCommission
decidedtoreferthemattertotheCourt
(A/65/88) 5.4.1990 CaseC-6/89 50%reductioninthesalariespaidbythe
BelgianGovernment toBelgianteachers
secondedtotheEuropean SchoolsAreminderhasbeensenttotheBelgian
authorities bytheCommission On23July1990theBelgianauthorities informed
theCommission thattheywerereadytocomply
withtheCourt'sjugdment .Thereductions
continuetobeapplied,however,tothesalariesof
French-speaking teachers .Fullsalarypayments
werereinstated forDutch-speaking teachersin
September 1990.Arrearsareexpectedtobe
settledearlyin1992.TheCommission ispursuing
contactswiththeBelgianauthorities asregards
theotherteachers
Underexamination attheCommission 5.7.1990 CaseC-304/88 Authorization requiredfortheimportation
offreshmeatandliveanimals(A/484/85)
Requirement abolishedbyRoyalDecreeon11
December 1991
(A/221/86)NoC250/58 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92Alettergivingformalnoticewassentto
theBelgianauthorities on2December
19915.7.1990 CaseC-42/89 Water forhuman consumption ;
incomplete transposition (exclusion of
privatewatersourcesfromthescopeof
theDirective)
19.2.1991 CaseC-375/89 AidforIdealspun/Beaulieu MeetinghavebeenheldwiththeBelgian
authorities
TheBelgianauthorities havebeen
contacted
TheBelgianauthorities havebeen
contacted19.3.1991 CaseC-249/88 Pricesofpharmaceutical products (public
programme contracts)
7.5.1991 CaseC-287/89 Minimumpriceformanufactured tobacco
16.5.1991 CaseC-167/90 Pharmacists :coordination andmutual
recognition ofqualificationsByletterdated21October 1991the
Commission reminded theBelgianauth­
oritiesoftheirobligationtotakemeasures
givingeffecttothejudgment
11.6.1991 CaseC-290/89 Surfacewater AletterwarningofactionunderArticle
171wassenton4September 1991

26.6.1991 CaseC-153/89 Excisedutiesonbeer AletterwarningofactionunderArticle
171andaskingforinformation on
measurestocomplywiththejudgment
wassenton25October 1991
DENMARK
On20December 1991theDanishParliament
passednewmeasures inresponsetotheCourt
judgment .Theycomplied withtheCouncil
Directive ontax-freeallowances adoptedon
1February1992,whichistoenterintoforceon
1January199328.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/5917.10.1991 CaseC-100/90 Nationalprovisions allowingonly10litres
offueltobeimportedtax-freepervehicle
SPAIN
25.7.1991 CaseC-258/89 Fisheries :catchregisters(ICESdivisions)
17.10.1991 CaseC-35/90 VATexemption forservicessuppliedby
artistsandjournalists(A/405/87) Byletterdated23October 1991the
Spanishauthorities undertook tocomply
henceforth withCommunity rules.Inthe
courseofageneralsurveyunderArticle
12(2)ofRegulation (EEC)No2241/87,
theCommission ischecking whether
instructions issuedtonationalsurveillance
authorities areactuallybeingcarriedout
Nomeasures havebeennotified
Recentjudgment 7.11.1991 CaseC-313/89 Midwives (trainingnotinconformity with
Directive 80/155/EEC)
Recentjudgment 10.12.1991 CaseC-192/90 Failuretonotifyprogrammes forthe
implementation oftheDirectiveonliquid
containers

FRANCE
TheFrenchauthorities haveannounced thatLaw
No91/715of26July1991providesforthe
progressive removalofbarriersincertainareas,
includingpublichealth,bydecree.Decreesfor
adoptionintheConseild'ÉtatareinpreparationFresh infringement proceedings
(A/159/87),nowbeinghandled (as
A/220/91)inthegeneralcontextofthe
Commission 'sactivities directedtowards
liberalization ofaccesstocertainpublic
servicefunctions intheMemberStates
(A/121/84) Freshinfringement proceedings3.6.1986 CaseC-307/84 Discrimination againstforeignnurses
regarding accesstopublichospitals
27.4.1988 CaseC-252/85 Wildbirds
30.6.1988 CaseC-318/86 Equaltreatment ;accesstoemployment
13.7.1988 CaseC-169/87 Retailpricesofmanufactured tobaccoDecreeNo89-317of16August1989abolished
separateprocedures fortherecruitment ofmen
andwomentomanagerial ,technicalandtraining
functions intheprisonservice,butthereisno
changeinthepoliceforces,wherethe
infringement proceedings arethereforecontinuingFreshinfringement proceedings
On20December 1989theCommission
decidedtosendareasoned opinion
(A/350/89)buttooknofurtheractionon
receivinganassurance fromtheFrench
authorities thatabillwasshortlytobe
adopted .On18December 1991the
Commission decidedtosendareasoned
opinionNoC250/60 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92(A/271/85) Francehasnotyettakenthemeasures
neededtocomplywiththejudgment
25.10.1988 CaseC-312/86 Equaltreatment :accesstoemployment (A/144/85) TheCommission isawaitingthereporton
Article8bytheMinisterforEmployment
inordertocheckforcompliance withthe
judgmentArticle8ofLawNo89/488providesthat
discriminatory collective agreements mustbe
revisedbytheendofJuly1991
12.7.1990 CaseC-236/88 Refusaltoforwardsocialsecuritybenefit
tootherMember States(A/131/79)
Nolegislationimplementing thejudgmenthasyet
beenreceived .Technical solutions havebeen
proposedfollowingdiscussions intheAdminis­
trativeCommission forSocialSecurityfor
MigrantWorkersandelsewhere ;theyshouldbe
adoptedshortly
29.11.1990 CaseC-182/89 (A/225/86) Regulation oninternational tradein
endangered speciesoffaunaandfloraAletterrequesting notification of
measures takentocomplywiththe
judgmentwassenton28November 1991

12.12.1990 CaseC-263/88 Denialoftherightofestablishment and
therighttoprovideservicesinthe
Overseas Territories(A/499/85) On18December 1991theCommission
decidedtosendalettergivingformal
notice(Article171)
26.2.1991 CaseC-154/89 (A/432/86) Restrictions onfreedom toprovide
servicesbytouristguidesOn18December 1991theCommission
decidedtosendalettergivingformal
notice(Article171)
11.6.1991 CaseC-307/89 Acircularwillshortlybeissuedtosecurefull
compliance withtheprincipleofequaltreatmentRefusaltograntbenefitsfromthe
NationalSolidarityFundtoanationalof
anotherMemberState
10.7.1991 CaseC-294/89 (A/450/84) Lawyers :incorrecttransposalofDirective
77/249/EECAletterwarningofactionunderArticle
171wassenton23December 1991
1.10.1991 CaseC-13/90 Leadintheair AletterwarningofactionunderArticle
171isbeingsent
1.10.1991 CaseC-14/90 Nitrogendioxidequalitystandards AletterwarningofactionunderArticle
171isbeingsent28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/611.10.1991 CaseC-64/90 Sulphurdioxide AletterwarningofactionunderArticle
171isbeingsent
GREECE
12.3.1987 CaseC-176/84 Provisions stipulating thatonlymalt-based
beersmaybesoldFormaladoptionofthenewlegislation isawaited
(A/4/82)
TheMinisterial Order(thecontentofwhichwas
notifiedtotheCommission on29October 1990
andhasbeenapprovedbythelatter)willshortly
bepublishedintheOfficialGazetteoftheGreek
Government .Publication hasbeendelayedby
certainfinalconsultations withtheGovernment 's
chemical laboratories

15.3.1988 CaseC-147/86 Teaching ban(Frontistirion );nationality
requirement(A/388/84)
(A/265/85)
TheBritishwiveswithwhomthecaseoriginated
arestillhavingdifficulties .Politicalactiontaken
inparallelwithcourtactionhassofarremained
fruitless .Itisnotpossibletocommence new
proceedings .TheCourthasnowconfirmed the
infringement twice
and
14.7.1988 CaseC-38/87 Nationality requirement foraccesstothe
professions of:
—lawyer,
—architect,civilengineerorsurveyor(A/264/85)
(A/265/85)Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/165/89)
ThismatterwasreferredtotheCourton
24October1990(CaseC-328/90)GreecehascomeintolinewithCommunity law
regardinglawyers(Presidential DecreeNo172,2
March1989),butthereisnoprogressintheother
matters
(A/480/85) 12.7.1990 CaseC-35/88 Importsoffeedgrain,maizeandbarley;
management ofthemarketsbyKYDEPTheCommission iscontinuing tomonitor
theoperationifthemarkettoseethatthe
rulesareinfactappliedinpracticeThismatterisrelatedtothewiderproblemofthe
market-management activitiesofKYDEP(cereals
andcotton).TheGreekauthorities maintainthat
thecerealsmarketisfullyliberalized andhave
undertaken tocomplyscrupulously withcommon
ruleshere.Theyhavealsoauthorized theEAGGF
toverifyKYDEP'sactivitiesitselfNoC250/62 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92Recentjudgment 8.11.1990 CaseC-53/88 Protection ofworkersintheeventofthe
employer'sinsolvency(A/116/86)
Newrulesadoptedtocomplywiththejudgment
arebeingvetted
(A/113/87) 26.2.1991 CaseC-198/89 Restrictions onfreedom toprovide
servicesbytouristguides On18December 1991theCommission
decidedtosendalettergivingformal
notice(Article171)
19.3.1991 CaseC-205/89 Controlmeasures andhealthcertificates
forimportedmilkproductsTocomplywiththeCourtjudgment ,theGreek
authorities havepreparedadecreeforsignature
bythePresident ,abolishing therequirement for
healthcertificates forimportedbutter
18.4.1991 CaseC-230/89 VATonimported spirits,leviedata
higherratethanonGreekproductsTheGreekauthorities haveorallyconfirmed the
contentoftheirletterdated22October 1991to
theeffectthattheyareplanningtoterminatethe
infringement

7.11.1991 CaseC-309/90 Architects Recentjudgment
10.12.1991 CaseC-306/89 Servicesincidental totransport Recentjudgment
IRELAND
12.6.1990 CaseC-158/88 Restrictions ontravellers'allowances (A/247/87)
Irelandhasnottakenmeasurestocomplywith
thejudgment asitisawaitingtheoutcomeof
negotiations ontheCouncilonaspecialdero­
gationfortravellersvisitingIrelandInMarch1991theCounciladopteda
derogation allowingIrelandtorestrict
importsbytravellerslivinginIrelandwho
havebeenoutofthecountryforlessthan
24hours.On19December 1991the
Council adopted anewDirective
amending Directive 69/169/EEC,
extending andamending theexceptions
allowed toIreland andDenmark
regarding tax-free allowances for
travellers .Theseexceptions expireon31
December 199228.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/636.12.1990 CaseC-367/88 Taxexemptions foralcoholicbeverages
soldtotravellers(A/96/86)
Irelandhasnottakenmeasurestocomplywith
thejudgment asitisawaitingtheoutcomeof
negotiations intheCouncilonaspecialdero­
gationfortravellersvisitingIrelandInMarch1991theCounciladopteda
derogation allowingIrelandtorestrict
importsbytravellerslivinginIrelandwho
havebeenoutofthecountryforlessthan
24hours.On19December 1991the
Council adopted anewDirective
amending Directive 69/169/EEC,
extending andamending theexceptions
allowed toIreland andDenmark
regarding tax-free allowances for
travellers .Theseexceptions expireon31
December 1992
4.10.1991 CaseC-93/89 Non-conformity ofFisheriesAmendment
Act1983withCommunity law(A/394/85) Recentjudgment .Aletterhasbeensent
askingtheIrishauthorities tonotifythe
legislativemeasurestakentocomply

ITALY
(A/113/79) 10.11.1981 CaseC-29/81 Admission totheoccupation ofroad
passenger transportoperatorTheCourtdelivered asecondjudgment
on5November 1986inCaseC-160/85
(A/176/83)
TheItalianCommunity LawNo428of29
December 1990empowers theMinister
responsible totakethemeasuresneededto
implement theDirective .Tothe
Commission 'sknowledge ,hehasnotdone
(A/177/81) TheCourtdeliveredasecondrulingon12
February 1987,inCaseC-69/86.This
judgmentwasbasedonArticle171ofthe
EECTreaty15.11.1983 CaseC-322/82
29.1.1987 CaseC-364/85
10.3.1987 CaseC-386/85(A/256/83)
(A/258/83)Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/453/88—A/454/88)
(A/259/83) Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/456/88)NoC250/64 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.928.7.1987 CaseC-262/85Qualitystandardsforfruitandvegetables
Tuberculosis andbrucellosis ;swinefever
Swinefever
Wildbirds
Taxexemptions applicable topermanent
importsofpersonalproperty
Exemptions fromVATonfinal
importation ofcertaingoods(A/124/84)
Implementing provisionsnotalladoptedwithin
thetimelimitFreshinfringement proceedings
(A/49/89)
On26June1991theCommission decided
toreferthemattertotheCourt
(A/421/84) Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/446/88)
CasependingbeforetheCourt
(C-262/91)24.11.1987 CaseC-124/86
25.11.1987 CaseC-125/86
2.3.1988 CaseC-309/86(A/422/84) Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/445/88)
CasependingbeforetheCourt
(C-262/91)
Non-ionic andanionicsurfactants (A/378/84)
(A/379/84)Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/202/89andA/203/89)
TheprovisionsoftheDirectivesconcerned
areincorporated inCommunity LawNo
428of29December 1990.On18
December 1991theCommission decided
toreferthemattertotheCourt

3.3.1988 CaseC-116/86 Brucellosis (A/316/84) Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/463/88)
28.6.1988 CaseC-3/86 Flat-ratereimbursement offarmers :beef
andpigmeatThe1989TaxActincorporated measures
amendingthetaxarrangements whichtheCourt
ofJusticefoundtobeunlawful .Technically ,the
amendments giverisetodifficulties incalculating
thecostsactuallyincurredbyfarmerssubjectto
VATonaflat-ratebasis(A/262/81)Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/663/89)
TheCommission decided tosenda
reasonedopinion
Italyispayingtheownresourcescorre­
sponding toexcesscompensation for
flat-ratefarmers
12.7.1988 CaseC-310/86 Servicesincidentaltotransport (A/126/85) Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/362/89)
TheprovisionsoftheDirectiveconcerned
areincorporated inCommunity LawNo
428of29December 1990.On26June
1991theCommission decidedtoreferthe
mattertotheCourt,butsuspended action
pendingearlylegislation28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/6512.7.1988 CaseC-322/86 Qualityoffreshwaterscapableof
supporting fishlifeFreshinfringement proceedings
(A/203/90)TheDirective isincorporated intheCommunity
Law(PergolaLaw)for1990,whichprovidesfor
accelerated transposal .ThedraftDecree-Law
implementing itwaslaidbeforeParliament on5
October 1991
2.2.1989 CaseC-22/87 Protection ofemployees intheeventof
theiremployer'sinsolvencyByletterof11September 1989theItalian
Republicforwarded thetextofadraftbillto
implement Directive80/987/EEC.According to
theItalianauthorities (13November 1989)the
billhasnotyetbeenadoptedbyParliament
(A/118/85)Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/203/90)
Article48ofCommunity LawNo428of
29December 1990containsaprovision
authorizing theGovernment totranspose
Directive80/987/EECbymeansofPresi­
dentialDecrees .Notexthavingbeen
notified,theCommission decidedtosend
areasonedopinionon18December 1991

(A/68/86) 21.2.1989 CaseC-203/87 Maintenance ofVATexemption onaidto
earthquake victimsFreshinfringement proceedings
(A/540/89)
Casepending beforetheCourt
(C-101/91)
27.4.1989 CaseC-324/87 Freshmeat (A/349/85) Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/958/90)
TheprovisionsoftheDirectiveconcerned
areincorporated inCommunity LawNo
428of29December 1990
5.12.1989 CaseC-3/88 Data-processing systemsaccessibleonlyto
Italiancompanies inpublicownership(A/446/85) Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/2/91)
CasependingbeforetheCourt
(C-309/91)
14.3.1990 CaseC-137/89 (A/158/87) Telegrams sentbytheveterinary auth­
oritiesandchargedtoimportersoflive
animalsFreshinfringement proceedings
(A/634/91)
Alettergivingformalnoticewassenton
28June1991NoC250/66 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92(A/284/87toA/286/87) Alettergivingnoticeofactionunder
Article171wassenttotheItalianauth­
oritieson15March199114.6.1990 CaseC-48/89 Failuretoforwardreportsonthe
implementation oftheDirectiveonwaste
disposal
12.7.1990 CaseC-128/89 Inspection ofimportsandreduction inthe
numberofentrypointsforgrapefruit(A/323/87) Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/780/91)
AlettergivingformalnoticeunderArticle
171wassenton25September 1991.No
replyhavingbeenreceivedwithinthe
prescribed periodoftwomonths,the
Commission decidedtosendareasoned
opinionon18December 1991
11.10.1991 CaseC-210/89 Fatcontentofcheeses (A/18/88)
TheItalianauthorities havenotifiedadraftlaw
adoptedatfirstreadingbytheChamberof
Deputies .Article53providesthatnomaximum
fatcontentmayberequiredofcheesesotherthan
thosebearingadesignation oforiginortypeand
repealsLawNo396of2February1939.Atthe
currentstageofthelegislative procedure ,the
Commission considersthatthisprovision fully
satisfiesitsrequirements

(A/188/86) 27.11.1990 CaseC-209/88 Failuretoprovidetheinformation
requiredunderthemarketorganization
forfisheryproductsOn18December 1991theCommission
decidedtosendaletterofformalnotice
(Article171)
13.12.1990 CaseC-70/89 Cadmium discharges (A/369/87) On25September 1991aletterwarningof
actionunderArticle171wassentTheprovisions neededtotranspose Directive
83/513/EEChavenotbeenadopted
17.1.1991 CaseC-157/89 Protection ofwildbirds;huntingseason On7November 1991aletterwarningof
actionunderArticle171wassent
17.1.1991 CaseC-334/89 Wildbirds On17November 1991aletterwarningof
actionunderArticle171wassent
26.2.1991 CaseC-l80/89 Restrictions onfreedom toprovide
servicesbytouristguides(A/71/87) On18December 1991theCommission
decidedtosendalettergivingformal
notice(Article171)28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/6728.2.1991 CaseC-360/87Protection ofgroundwater (watertable
underNaples)On25November 1991alettergiving
noticeofactionunderArticle171wassentFailuretotransposealltheprovisionsofDirective
80/68/EEConprotection ofgroundwater against
pollutionbycertaindangerous substances
21.3.1991 CaseC-209/89 Customsfees;chargesforservicessupplied
simultaneously toseveralfirmsTheCommission hashadnoinformation from
ItalyOn18December 1991theCommission
decidedtosendalettergivingformal
notice(nowbeingsent)
7.5.1991 CaseC-246/88 Publichealthprotection —ionizing
radiationAstheItalianGovernment hasnot
transposed Directive 80/836/Euratomof
15July1980,theCommission hasdecided
tocommence infringement proceedings
underArticle143oftheEuratomTreaty
7.5.1991 CaseC-45/89 Common rulesgoverning combined
transportofgoodsbyrailandroadTheCommission haswrittentotheItalian
Government ,reminding itofitsobligation
tocomply

16.5.1991 CaseC-263/85 Contribution toregionalauthorities for
thepurchaseofhome-produced busesand
tramsAsthisjudgment appliestherulelaid
downinDuPontdeNemoursregarding
thereservation ofpublicsupplycontracts
forfirmsestablished incertainregions
(Mezzogiorno ),theCommission will
monitorcompliance withthejudgment in
connection withitsinfringement
proceedings relatingtoregionalpref­
erences
(A/725/91)
11.7.1991 CaseC-296/90 AletterwarningofactionunderArticle
171isbeingsentArchitects :mutualrecognition ofqualifi­
cations
Labellingofextrudedpastaproducts (A/243/88) Thecasewillbeconsidered atthepackage
meetingtobeheldinRomeon3and4
February1992TheItalianauthorities havenotifiednomeasures
togiveeffecttothisjudgment25.7.1991 CaseC-32/90
25.7.1991 CaseC-58/90 AletterwarningofactionunderArticle
171hasbeensent.Noreplyhasbeen
received sofarFailuretorecognizeforeignqualifications
inphysiotherapy andosteopathy —
nationality discrimination contrary to
Articles48,52and59oftheEECTreaty
Waste—Campania
PhysicalchecksonthecarriageofgoodsNoC250/68 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.9213.12.1991 CaseC-33/90
13.12.1991 CaseC-69/90Recentjudgment
Recentjudgment
LUXEMBOURG
26.6.1991 CaseC-152/89 Excisedutiesonbeer On25October1991aletterwarningof
actionunderArticle171andrequesting
information onmeasurestakentocomply
withthejugdmentwassent
25.7.1991 CaseC-252/89 Containers ofliquidsforconsumption Situation tobereviewed inconnection
withnewdevelopments inCommunity law
onwasterecycling (draftdirectiveon
packaging )

NETHERLANDS
Protection ofgroundwater (A/71/83) Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/532/88)17.9.1987 CaseC-291/84
3.10.1987 CaseC-236/85 Wildbirds On6September 1988theNetherlands authorities
announced thatabillonfloraandfauna(Flora
enFaunawet )wasinpreparation
(A/125/84)Freshinfringement proceedings
(A/60/89)
CasependingbeforetheCourt
(C-75/91)
15.3.1990 CaseC-339/87 Wildbirds (A/400/85) ThiscaseiscloselyrelatedtoCase
C-236/85,whichtheCommission decided
torefertotheCourton11July1990
AlettergivingformalnoticeunderArticle
171wassenton26June1991
TheDutchauthorities havenotyetnotified
measurestocomplyOn11December 1991aletterwassentto
drawtheattention oftheDutchauth­
oritiestotheneedtocomply30.5.1991 CaseC-68/89 Freemovement oftourists :
requestforinformation ontheduration ^of
theirvisitandtheresources attheir
disposal28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/69UNITED KINGDOM
8.11.1983 CaseC-165/82 Equaltreatment ofmenandwomenas
regardsaccesstoemploymentFreshinfringement proceedings
(A/260/85)TheUKauthorities haveadoptedcertain
measures,notifyingthemon15December 1986.
Thesemeasuresareacceptable onthewhole,but
theSexDiscrimination Act1986doesnotprovide
foranyjudicialreviewofdiscriminatory
provisions incollective agreements .The
Commission isawaitingtheadoptionoflegis­
lationtosolvetheproblem
97.1991 CaseC-146/89 Extension ofUKterritorial waters (A/520/87) On16October 1991aletterwassent
requesting theUKauthorities tonotifythe
legislative measurestakentocomply
4.10.1991 CaseC-246/89 Merchant ShippingAct (A/87/89) Aletterhasbeensentrequesting theUK
authorities tonotifytherequisitelegis­
lativemeasures

NoC250/70 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
No11
Application ofCommunity lawbynationalcourts
I.APPLICATION OFARTICLE 177OFTHEEECTREATY Originofcasesreferredbynationalcourtsoffinalinstance
Belgium CourdeCassation 1
HofvanCassatie1.In1991theCourtofJusticereceived153requestsfrom
nationalcourtsforpreliminary rulingsincaseswheredifficulties
aroseintheinterpretation ofCommunity lawortherewere
doubtsastothevalidityofaCommunity instrument .France CourdeCassation 2
Conseild'fitat 1
Germany Bundesverwaltungsgericht 2
Bundesfinanzhof 9
Bundessozialgericht 1
Bundesgerichtshof 5Overthelastfewyearsthenumberofcasesreferredtothe
Courtforpreliminary rulingshasremainedrelativelystable—
141in1990and139in1989—althoughthefigurefor1988
wasslightlyhigher(179).Ireland SupremeCourt 1
Italy CorteSupremadi
Cassazione 2
2.Forthesecondconsecutive year,caseswerereferredby
courtsinalltheMemberStates.Admittedly therearedisparities
betweenthevariouscountries ,mostnotablybetweenGermany ,
whichaskedforrulingson50cases,andIreland,whichreferred
onlyone;butthefiguresshowquiteclearlythatthereisno
longerasingleMemberStatethatisagainsttheprocedure on
principle .Consiglio diStato 1
Luxembourg Conseild'Etat 1
Netherlands HogeRaad 3
RaadvanState 1
Portugal SupremoTribunal
Administrativo 2
UnitedKingdom HouseofLords 3
3.Thethreetablesbelowshowthenumberofreferences
formeachMemberState,thenumberofcasesreferredbyeach
courtoffinalinstanceandtheareasofCommunity law
concerned .Itshouldbepointedoutthatasandwhenthese
casesarerecordedbytheCourtofJustice'Registry,theyare
published infullintheOfficialJournaloftheEuropean
Communities .AreasofCommunity lawconcerned
NumberofcasesperMemberStateAgriculture 27
BrusselsConvention 4
Commercial policy 1
Community staff 2
Company law 3
Competition 13
Environment andconsumerpolicy 0
Externalrelations 4
Freemovementofcapital 1
Freemovement ofgoods 27
Freemovement ofpersons 9
Socialpolicy 41
Stateaid 4
Taxation 14
Transport 3MemberStateTotal
references(')References by
courtsoffinal
instance(')
Belgium 17(17) 1(4)
Denmark 2(5)-(-)
France 24(21)3(2)
Germany 50(34)17(12)
Greece 2(2)-(2)
Ireland 1(4) 1(2)
Italy 18(25) 3(1)
Luxembourg 2(4) 1(2)
Netherlands 17(9)4(3)
Portugal 3(2)2(-)
Spain 4(6)-(-)
UnitedKingdom 13(12) 3(2)II.REVIEWOFSIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS OF
NATIONAL COURTS OFFINALINSTANCE
InanappendixtotheEighthAnnualReport,theCommission
published astudyontheattitudeofnationalsuperiorcourtsto
Community law,inparticulartheirapproachtotheprincipleof
theprimacyofCommunity lawovernationallaw,thedirect
effectofmanyCommunity rulesandtheobligations arising
fromArticle177oftheEECTreaty.(')1990figuresinbrackets .

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/71
Analysisofthejudgments referredtobelowshowsthatnational
superiorcourtsarepayingmoreandmoreattentionto
Community law.430/83,whichprovidesfortheexpulsionfromPortugalof
foreignnationalsconvictedofcertainoffences .Havingregard
tothejudgmentgivenbytheCourtofJusticeinCase67/74,
Bonsignore ,itupheldthedecisiontoexpelaDutchnational
convictedofadrugoffence .
Asinthepreviousyear,theCommission hashadaccesstodata
gatheredbytheresearchanddocumentation department ofthe
CourtofJustice.Itwasthusabletoidentifydecisionswhich
wereofsignificance fortheapplication ofCommunity law,
althoughitshouldbepointedoutthatitisnotpossible,by
consulting databases,toidentifycaseswherenationalcourts
oughttohaveappliedCommunity rulesbutwherethejudgment
containsnoreference tothem.Moreover ,theCommission
cannotundertake asystematic analysisofthethousands of
judgments deliveredeachyearbythenationalsuperiorcourts.
Theresearch
Researchwascarriedoutonthefollowingquestions :Therewasaparticularly importantdevelopment inSpain.An
administrative divisionoftheTribunalSupremoandthe
TribunalConstitucional bothhadsoubtsastotheirjurisdiction
toreferquestionsforapreliminary rulingonthecompatibility
ofanationalprovisionwithCommunity law.Infourjudgments
givenattheendofNovember 1990onSpanishlegislation
implementing theSixthVATDirective ,theSaladelo
Contencioso Administrativo oftheTribunalSupremoheldthat
acourtortribunalwhosejurisdiction isconfinedtoreviewing
administrative measuresandregulations anddoesnotextendto
reviewingadministrative measuresandregulations anddoesnot
extendtoreviewinglegalprovisions hasnopowertoaskthe
CourtofJusticequestionsthatmightleadtoarulingastothe
applicability orotherwiseofalegalrule;theTribunalConstitu­
cionalalonehadthatpower.ButtheTribunalConstitucional
didnotsharethatinterpretation ofitsownjurisdiction .Intwo
judgments thatwerebynomeansunanimously acclaimed ,it
heldthatitcouldnotruleonthecompatibility ofSpanishlaw
withCommunity lawsinceCommunity lawwasnotpartofthe
SpanishConstitution .Thefirstofthesejudgments —givenon
14February1991—concerned thecompatibility ofaSpanish
lawgoverning theelectionofMembers oftheEuropean
Parliament withadecisionoftheCounciloftheEuropean
Communities .TheTribunal Constitucional heldthatthe
questionwhetheraprovisionofSpanishlawconflicted with
Community lawdidnotfalltobetreatedasaquestionof
constitutional law:itconcerned aconflictoflawsarisingbelow
theconstitutional levelandcouldbeadjudicated bythelower
courts.TheTribunaldeclaredthatithadnojurisdiction to
ensuretheuniformapplication ofCommunity lawand
accordingly declinedtoreferthequestionforapreliminary
ruling.Byafurtherjudgmentgivenon22March1991itupheld
itsearlierapproach ,addingthatitcouldreviewtheimplemen­
tationofCommunity lawbytheSpanishauthorities onlywhere
anabuseoffundamental rightswasinvolved .1.Weretherecaseswheredecisionsagainstwhichtherewasno
appealweretakenwithoutareferenceforapreliminary
ruling?
2.Werethereanycaseswherecourts,contrarytotherulingin
Case314/85Fotofrost ,declaredanactofaCommunity
institution tobeinvalid?
3.Werethereanydecisionsthatwerenoteworthy assetting
goodorbadexamples ?
Decisionsgivenlatein1990andinthecourseof1991were
reviewed .
Question 1Afinaldecisionworthyofcommentinthisfieldisthatgivenby
theDutchCollegevanBeroepvoorhetBedrijfsleven on30
January 1991.Ithadbeenestablished thattheDutch
Government ,contrarytoArticle5ofDirective 88/301/EEC,
hadfailedtonotifytheCommission ofterminalstype-approval
procedures .Theapplicantinthemainproceedings hadargued
thatthisfailuretodischarge aCommunity obligation
invalidated alltype-approval procedures .TheCourtusedCase
380/87,Enichem Basev.ComunediCiniselioBalsamo,as
authorityforholdingthatneitherthetermsnorthepurposeof
theDirectivewarranted aconclusion thatfailuretonotify
invalidated allprocedures .Butitmustberemembered thatthe
legaleffectoffailuretonotifytechnicalrulesisinissuein
severalcasespendingbeforetheCourtofJustice(e.g.Cases
C-69/91,Decoster ;C-92/91,Taillandier ;C-93/91,Evrard).AjudgmentgivenbytheBundesverfassungsgericht inGermany
on27August1991,upholding thedecisionoftheBundesge­
richtshofof15January1990nottorefertotheCourtofJustice
aseriesofquestionsrelatingtocompanylaw(compatibility of
theGermanconceptof'disguisedcontributions inkind'with
CouncilDirective77/91/EEC)isparticularly noteworthy .In
twojudgments givenon17October1991theBundesfinanzhof
alsodeclinedtoaskforpreliminary rulingsincasesconcerning
failuretotakeaccountoflossessustainedonrentalofproperty
outsideGermany (butwithintheCommunity )forincometax
purposes,althoughthepossibility existswherethepropertyis
situatedwithinGermany .Butquestionsonthesamesubject
weresubsequently putbytheLandgericht Hannover (Case
C-83/91).Question 2
InPortugaltheSupremoTribunaldeJustifadeclinedtorequest
apreliminary rulinginarecentcaseconcerning Decree-Law NoResearchrevealednocasesofthistype.

NoC250/72 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
Question3
Researchyieldedseveralexemplary decisionsofsupremecourts
intheMemberStates;thejudgmentgivenbytheItalianCorte
Costituzionale on18April1991isashiningexample .It
confirmed therightinItalianlawforanindividualtoplead
provisions ofaDirectivewhicharesufficiently preciseand
unconditional againsttheStateiftheStatehasfailedto
transposetheDirectiveintonationallaworhasdonesobutnot
correctly .TheCorteCostituzionale heldthatwhereacourt
established thatanationalprovisionconflictswithadirectly
applicable provisionofCommunity lawitmustofitsown
motiondisapplythenationalprovision ;itneednotreferthe
questionforconstitutional review,andifitdidsothereference
wouldbedismissedforwantofjurisdiction .
Afewcasestoclosewith:
—thedecisionoftheHouseofLordsinChiefAdjudication
Officerv.Foster,basedonthejudgmentoftheCourtof
Justiceof12JulyinCaseC-l88/89,rejectedarguments infavourofrestrictive interpretations ofCourtofJustice
judgments ;
—on4June1991thecommercial divisionoftheFrenchCourt
ofCassation ,inDoyenetalv.Soci6t6despompesfunèbres
desregionslibérées,annulledaCourtofAppealjudgmentas
unreliable inlawsinceithadappliedArticle86oftheEEC
Treatywithoutregardforthecriteriaestablished bythe
CourtofJustice;
—on8July1991theFrenchConseild'État,inPalazzi,helda
decreegoverningrightsofresidencetobeillegalasincom­
patiblewithCouncilDirective64/221/EEConthecoordi­
nationofspecialmeasuresapplicable tothemovement and
residenceofforeignnationalsongroundsofpublicpolicy,
publicsecurityorpublichealth;
—on4December 1990theDutchRaadvanStatedeclared in
Bruin&Hartveld v.MinistervanLandbouw thatithad
jurisdiction tocheckanationaladministrative regulationfor
conformity withaprincipleofCommunity law(inthiscase
theprincipleofproportionality ).

No12
Statisticsoncomplaints (C)andinfringements detectedbytheCommission 'sowninquiries(I)
B D DK E F UK GR IRL IT L NL P Total
C IC IC IC IC IC IC IC"IC IC IC IC IC I28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/73Secretariat-General 1988———————— 1———————————— 1—— 1 1
1989______ ______ __
1990 2——————— ——______ 2—
1991______ ______ __
LegalService 1985——11—— ————1——————— 12
1986___ 2— 1———1 ——______ _ 4
1987—_ 1____ —1—1———1———i—— 14
1988— 1— 1———1— 2—1—1— 1—2— 1— 1— 1—13
1989______ _____ i_ i
1990______ ______ _
1991______ ______ __
Statistical Office 1985—————— ———1—————1———— — 2
1987______ —3————— 1— 4
1988______ ______ __
1989______ ______ __
1990______ ____ ____
1991— 1_—_——— ——______ _ i
Externalrelations 1985—2— 1—— 1————1— 1—3—2—— 110
1986 11———— 1— 1— 21——6———— 1——11 3
1987 1——————— 1— 11——4————2——73
1988— 1—2———11— 1—_—11— 1————36
1990—___ l___ 2———______ 3_
1991______ _i_1 ______ _ 2
Economic andfinancialaffairs 1985—————— 1——— 1——— 1————— 3—
1986—l____ 1— 1___ 1_—l____32
1987________ 1— 1___ 1______ _3—
1988____ l_2— 3———____ i272
1989— 1—— 1__ 21—1—1—1 — ———35
1990______ l— 1— 1———______ 3_
1991—_— 1___l11 —1l_———3——————27

D DK UK GR IRL IT NL Total
C IC IC IC IC IC IC IC IC IC IC IC IC I
Internal marketandindustrial
affairs
Competition
Employment andsocialaffairs
AgricultureNoC250/74 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.921985 13330610— 56112241232636262346 32844
1986 13831452106761181045727—3563212418335860
1987 5475105—9366418126234113463219614535966
1988 184527962891089221510295536020359222359797
1989 211052105763136113151389345955612516535088
1990 1795071124671481324530811471431101112439982
1991 19855734581581920113656640142312614534693
1985 2————1 1—22———1———— 54
1986 212———2—22 1——2——11—1——1—117
1987———2—11231 1— 1————2——1—2—98
1988—22————212 1—15 1——1——1122915
1989—111—111 3— 1— —11——————— 75
1990 2—————2—4——— 1———————211—12 1
1991—ll—l3312211—2—1 31——11111314
1985 553——— 33—1 ——31——2— 1610
19868847—3 —241013—3—3 46—23412 2553
19872234—1 21741411 114222—6 ——2328
1988884721 1—84412—1 1211214 ——3429
1989 61010111——322971033 1—58——25225961
1990293516 79 128224811 8611—6—118 11974
1991 837—2 —323452 1111—51——5—115114
1985 285724 28917349754328—523 14258
1986—320622101212010—3445120912248113153
1987 811942217231514129116—375—1448218528
1988 411683220226410147161185—2114— 116132
1989 722642—18—31416524293544—2239—19829
1990 2—19—6120125311124582325——636—15921
1991 4510444101242647324125249—3255517462
1985__2——— 1— 3———11——1— 81
1986 12—21———36 2——144——————1115
1987 1131———132 —1———1—1—13—109
1988—31321 222311121 111———1—11119
1989—121 ——1113—1 22—1 25—121 111118
19903231—1 11—1—1 11—1 12—21 1—1 1015
1991_i32—l 1122—2 11—1 23—1—314 1022
198515—1 —— —— 1————— 26
1987 11—————— —— _—_1_ 21
1988 11——1— 1——1 —— ——_1—— 33
1989—1—————— —— ———1———2
1990——2————— 1— —— _—_— 3_
1991—2—————1 ——______ —3
1985_13111 3211314——12———31 3710
1986 7366125—44532—533—5133—2232—16532
1987 431464329416130317391166—5417215038
1988 633535151436231713212215311259—21633
1989 183368—1911043619292411246227—35210246560
1990 1755623—11116472125240419—3393—7—19248042
1991 756151526518447551738212932019—2621312353113Transport
Administrative affairs
Environment andConsumer
Protection

B D DK E F UK GR IRL IT L NL P Total
Fisheries
Financialinstitutions andtaxation
EnergyCIC ICIC IC ICIC ICICIC ICICIC I
1985—2—1—3———6—3—1—4—2———4———26
1986—2—1—2———7—1 —4 1——6— 1 124
1987———1———4—1—4———4———__ 2—2—18
1988———1———1—2—2 ——______ _6
1989—1—l—1131161—111— 1———3— 1915
1990_______ _l—213_____ _i_____ ii8
1991 2—21—1 —— —— 12—— 54
1985 21— 211— —108355544 18 1121——2936
1986—113 1———11 —2———21__ 2—— 411
1987__21——————21—1——21——1—1— 84
1988——5—1—2251—1 3— 1—1—1—194
1989 31—1 113131123—2 1—1— 11———1710
1990 3272——3332 2—42—124 1—————2516
1991 l_63 21—1 11111 —6——— 12—11910
1985—1 ———— ——______ _l
1989— 1 ———— ______ _i
1990—— 1——— ______ i_
1991_—_1———1 ______ _2
1985—1—1—1———1—3 ———5———2———14
1987—— ———1—1 ___2————— 1—5
1988———1_——1 —2 —2—3———————9
1989——_1———3—2 —1———2———1— 1—11
1990——__ _1_—___ 1—_—2
1991—— ———— ——_____ i— 1
198532136 1— —311332 1112—2—2 —— 1319
1986 3—433 110326232562 18—5———217119
1987634352 1161634388 15311—13346 9344
1988 123131116610446105111171213837638
1989722171 64 198926812 102—1—165 7337
1990311421 8192544152 5——11234 4623
199143528 1834522365 —193———126 6032
1985 283145241412——106415526200221618104383131419——585244
1986 35316838131313513163735711154231216923310102024328791293
198728151213216915327142366423812138141412741122264019850260
198849271163635123733017348712610722271211144614262343131137307
1989623412939171218440185472473110238412015536515242244181195352
1990 51281412124111993925032170181003034820746710272042201252283
19914629151253616151581843813141115384416122532933223736105238128.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/75Budgetary affairs
Customs union
Total

NoC250/76 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
Actiontakenonpresumedinfringements (complaints andcasesdetectedbytheCommission )attheendof
1991,bymajorpolicyarea
PolicyareasYearof
registrationFileclosedInfringement
proceedings
opened
Externalrelations 1985 10 2
1986 12 4
1987 5 5
1988 7 1
1989 5 0
1990 2 0
l1991 0' 0
Internalmarketandindustrial affairs 1985 243 54
1986 186 96
1987 170 71
1988 199 120
1989 212 74
\ 1990 210 30
1991 86 18
Competition1985 4 2
1986 U 2
1987 12 3
1988 5 12
1989 9 1
1990 12 0
1991 5 11
Employment andsocialaffairs1985 19 10
1986 44 21
1987 20 22
1988 26 27
1989 60 24
l 1990 31 56
1991 27 1
Agriculture1985 150 50
1986 110 33
1987 102 32
1988 100 23
1989 113 30
1990 93 22
1991 97 19
Transport1985 8 2
1986 23 3
1987 7 8
1988 18 11
1989 20 5
1990 4 3
1991 9 1

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/77
PolicyareasYearof
registrationFileclosedInfringement
proceedings
opened
Environment 1985 27 19
1986 60 45
1987 62 60
1988 105 50
1989 146 67
l1990 173 8
1991 89 7
Fisheries 1985 4 22
•1986 3 23
1987 3 14
1988 1 3
1989 6 12
1990 0 8
1991 2 2
Financialinstitutions andcompanylaw 1985 23 35
1986 7 5
1987 5 5
1988 10 6
\1989 11 9
1990 10 11
1991 9 1
Customs unionandindirecttaxation 1985 25 19
1986 70 19
1987 63 39
1988 54 35
1989 65 23
1990 32 14
1991 31 12
Consumer protection 1985 0 0
1986 0 3
1987 1 4
1988 7 1
1989 6 0
1990 6 4
1991 7 0
Total 1985 528 236
1986 534 265
1987 456 273
1988 544 314
1989 667 258
1990 581 158
1991 370 73
Note:thistabledoesnotincludethefileswhichareinprogress .

NoC250/78 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
ANNEX A
Infringements oftheTreatiesandofRegulations
Contents
Page
Externalrelations 81
Economic andmonetarypolicy 81
Internalmarketandindustrial affairs 81
Competition 85
Employment ,socialaffairsandeducation 86
Agriculture 87
Transport 89
Administrative questions 89
Environment 90
Fisheries 90
Financial institutions andtaxation 91
Budgetary questions 91
Customs union 92
Indirecttaxation 93
Enterprise policy,tourismandcooperatives 95
Legalbasis
TheindicationofthelegalbasisprovidedhereisderivedfromthedocumentnumberintheCelexdata
base,whichisitselfderivedfromtheact'sownoriginalnumber;itismadeupasfollows :
—onefigureidentifying thedocumentary sector(e.g.1=Treatiesestablishing theCommunities ,etc.),
—twofiguresidentifying thereferenceyear(yearofpublication ,signature ,etc.),
—oneortwolettersidentifying thelegalform(e.g.E(insector1)=EECTreaty),
—aserialnumberrepresenting thenumbergiventothedocumentonpublication orthearticlenumber.
Example : 380R2144
Sector3:secondary legislation
Yearofpublication
Regulation
Regulation No2144/80

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/79
Sector LettercodeI
1 TREATIES ESTABLISHING THEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ;
TREATIES AMENDING ORSUPPLEMENTING THOSETREATIES
AEuratomTreaty(1957)
BAccessionTreatyDenmark ,Ireland,NorwayandtheUnitedKingdom
(1972)
EECTreaty(1957) E
FTreatyestablishing asingleCouncilandasingleCommission (1965)
Treatyamendingcertainbudgetary provisions (1970)
HAccessionTreatyGreece(1979)
KECSCTreaty(1951)
RTreatyamendingcertainfinancialprovisions
Treatyamending certainprovisions ofthestatuteoftheEuropean
Investment Bank(1975)
GAmending Treaty(Greenland )(1985)
2 LEGALACTSRESULTING FROMTHEEXTERNAL RELATIONS OF
THEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
AAgreements withnon-member countriesorinternational organizations
3 SECONDARY LEGISLATION
BBudget
C Censure
DDecision(exceptECSCgeneraldecisions)
L EEC/Euratom Directives
REEC/EuratomRegulations
XOtheracts(resolutions ,opinions,etc.)publishedintheOJLseriesorinthe
OJpriorto1967
YOtheractspublishedintheOJCseries
4 COMMUNITY SUPPLEMENTARY LEGISLATION
AAgreements betweenMemberStates
DDecisions (oftherepresentatives ofthegovernments ofMemberStates
meetingwithintheCouncil)
XOtheractspublished intheOJLseries
YOtheractspublished intheOJCseries
5 PREPARATORY DOCUMENTS
PC Commission proposals
APEPOpinions (ifconsulted)
IPEPOpinions (owninitiative)
AC ESCOpinions(ifconsulted)
ICESCOpinions (owninitiative)
CCCourtofAuditorsOpinions
BPEPpreparatory actsforthebudget

NoC250/80 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
Sector Lettercode
6 CASELAW
BOrder—CourtofFirstInstance
COpinionsoftheAdvocate-General —CourtofJustice
JJudgment—CourtofJustice
OOrder—CourtofJustice
S Seizure
TThirdpartyproceedings —CourtofJustice
vOpinion
xRuling
7 NATIONAL PROVISIONS IMPLEMENTING DIRECTIVES
9 PARLIAMENTARY QUESTIONS
EWrittenquestions
HQuestions askedduringquestiontime
OOralquestions
P Petitions
Note:Sectorsplanned :
7—Nationalprovisions implementing Directives .
8—Nationalcase-law .
10—Academicwriting.
NB:A/..../..
(A/..../,.)
E.g.:A/39/83 EuropeanCourtjudgmentof3December 1987
(A/480/88)
TheprocedureunderArticle171EEC—A/480/88—isbasedonthefailurebytheMemberState
toimplementtheCourt'sjudgmentininfringement procedureA/39/83.

Sector Legalbasis Inf.No MemberState Subject Stageofproceedings
Externalrelations A/505/88 382R1765 ;383R3420 ;
157E005'Deltalist'matchesfromBulgariaand
SwedenReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case65/91
Economicandmonetarypolicy180H052 ;157E171 A/480/88 Refusaltoauthorize transferofsums Terminated
creditedtoblockedaccountsofresidents
ofMemberStates
Pricesofpharmaceutical productsand Terminated
medicines157E030 A/28/85
Internalmarketandindustrial 157E030
affairsA/4/82
(A/331/90)Provisions establishing thatonlymalt­
basedbeersmaybesoldReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case176/84
Judgment 12March1987
Letterofformalnotice
(Article171)
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case178/84
Judgment 12March1987
Letterofformalnotice
(Article171)
ReasonedopinionA/5/82
A/306/90Banonthesaleofbeersnotbrewedsolely
frommaltedbarley28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/81Greece
Greece
Italy
Greece
Germany
Belgium
UnitedKingdom
Belgium
Italy
Germany
Belgium
GermanyReasonedopinionRefusaltograntimportlicencesfor
codeine
Refusaltograntimportlicencesfor
codeine
Pricesofpharmaceutical products
Grantsforthepurchaseofbusesandtrams157E030
157E030
157E030
157E030
157E030
157E030
157E030
157E030A/316/82
A/320/82
A/101/83
A/172/83
A/725/91
A/183/83
A/374/90
A/258/84
A/40/86Terminated
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case263/85
Judgment 16May1991
Terminated Packaging of''pétillantderaisin'
Reimbursement ofthecostofproprietary
medicinalproductsReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case249/88
Judgment 19March1991
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case76/86
Judgment 11May1988A/354/84 Marketing ofmilksubstitutes

Sector Legalbasis Inf.No MemberState Subject Stageofproceedings
A/230/85 France Terminated157E030 ;157E052 ;
157E059Preference giventoSFPtelevision
productionsInternalmarketandindustrial
affairs
(cont'd)
A/164/90 Greece Legislation onfrontierregions Terminated157E171;157E068 ;
157E052 ;157E059
157E030 A/269/85 France RefusaltograntimportlicencesforReasonedopinion
codeine
Denaturing ofoilseedrefiningby-products Withdrawn157E030
157E030 ;157E171Italy
BelgiumA/367/85
A/447/85
A/193/90Restrictions ontheuseofgelatinincertain
foodproductsReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case52/88
Judgment 11May1989
Reasoned opinion
A/466/85Italy Installation ofdata-processing systems
reservedforItalianstate-owned companies157E052 ;157E059 ;
157E030 ;157E086 ;
157E090 ;157E092 ;
377L0062ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case3/88
Judgment 5December 1989
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case309/91NoC250/82 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92Difficulties intheimportofpaté ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case274/87
Judgment 2February1989
Letterofformalnotice
(Article171)
Pharmaceutical prices;
government/industryagreementsReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case249/88/3
Judgment 19March1991157E030 ;157E171
157E030
373L0148
157E030
157E030A/500/85
A/373/90
A/40/86
A/374/89
A/518/86
A/46/87Germany
Belgium
Denmark
Germany
GermanyFrontiercontrols(D/DK) Terminated
Reasoned opinion Amendment oftheGermanlawonfood­
stuffsfollowing theCassisdeDijon
judgment
Introduction ofstandards forasphalt Terminated
membranes

Sector LegalbasisInf.No Member State Subject Stageofproceedings
Banontheuseofmethanol asasolvent Withdrawn Italy Internalmarketandindustrial
affairs
(cont'd)
Spain Obstacles totheimportofbiscuitand
chocolateproductsReferencetotheCourtofJustice
UnitedKingdom SpecialUKstandardsforsteel Terminated
Germany Importsofflamearresters Reasonedopinion
Italy ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case235/89Importlicencesfortheexploitation ofnew
plantvarietiesandpatents
Greece Indication oforiginonpackaging
Greece Importsofcashregisters28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/83157E030
157E030
157E030
157E030
157E030
157E030
157E030
157E030
157E030 ;157E036
157E030
157E030
157E030
157E030
157E030A/55/87
A/311/87
A/319/87
A/104/89
A/424/87
A/115/87
A/348/89
A/500/87
A/349/89
A/61/88
A/76/88
A/335/89
A/127/89
A/34/89BelgiumTerminated
Reasonedopinion
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case287/89
Judgment 7May1991
ReasonedopinionFixingminimumpricesformanufactured
tobacco
Italy Marketing offrozenpre-cooked bread
Germany Personalimportsofmedicines ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case62/90
Luxembourg Banondistribution ofadvertising leaflets Reasonedopinion
Ireland Regulations ontobaccoprices Reasoned opinion
Greece ImportsoftouristbusesfromBelgium Terminated
UnitedKingdom Patentlicences ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case30/90

Sector LegalbasisInf.No MemberState Subject Stageofproceedings
Internalmarketandindustrial
affairs
(cont'd)A/61/89
A/538/89
A/102/89France
Denmark
Italy157E034
157E030
157E030 ;157E036
157E030
157E030Reasonedopinion
Reasonedopinion
Terminated
Reasonedopinion
Reasoned opinionDisproportionate penalties
Radioreceptioninstallations
Discriminatory chargesforcarriageof
non-Italian newspapers byair
Labellingofmedicinalproducts
Importsofsaccharine-based products
(fish)
Nationality requirement (guides,journal­
ists,licensedpharmacists )A/166/89Germany
A/227/89Luxembourg
157E052 :157E059 A/36/84 Italy
(A/373/88)ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case168/85
Judgment 15October1986
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case297/90
Lawsrelatingtofrontierareas TerminatedNoC250/84 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92A/182/84 Greece
(A/164/90)157E007;157E048 ;
157E052 ;157E059 ;
157E171 ;157E005 ;
157E048
157E059
157E048;157E052 ;
157E059Equivalence ofdiplomas (opticians) Reasonedopinion France
GreeceA/73/89
A/388/84
(A/265/85)
(A/165/89)Requirement ofGreeknationality for
teachingReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case147/86
Judgment 15March1988
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case328/90
157D1186 :386D0283 A/499/85 France Freedomofestablishment andfreedomto
provideservicesinoverseasterritoriesReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case263/88
Judgment 12December 1990
Letterofformalnotice
(Article171)
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case154/89
Judgment 26February1991
Letterofformalnotice
(Article171)157E059 A/432/86 France Restrictions onfreedomtosupplyservices
asatouristguide

Subject Stageofproceedings Sector Legalbasis Inf.No MemberState
Restrictions onfreedomtosupplyservices
asatouristguideInternalmarketandindustrial 157E059 A/71/87 Italy
affairs
(cont'd)ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case180/89
Judgment 26February 1991
Letterofformalnotice
(Article171)
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case198/89
Judgment 26February1991
Letterofformalnoctice
(Article171)157E059 A/113/87 Greece Restrictions onfreedomtosupplyservices
asatouristguide
157E007 ;157E048 ;
157E052 :157E059A/340/88Italy Refusaltorecognize qualifications in
physiotherapy andosteopathyReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case58/90
Judgment 25July1991
A/373/88Italy Withdrawn Nationality requirement (guides,journal­
ists,keepersofchemists'shops)157E052 ;157E059 ;
157E171
157E048 ;157E052 A/106/89Luxembourg Refusaltolicenseopeningofdualdental
practiceReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case351/9028.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/85A/117/89 France Occupational access(kinestherapists and Reasonedopinion
podologists )157E005 ;157E048 ;
157E...;157E059
157E005 ;157E030 ;
157E062 ;157E059A/505/87 Netherlands Restrictions onfreemovement ofservices
inbroadcastingReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case353/89
Judgment 25July1991
157E059 :157E090 Noticeofqualification Withdrawn A/332/88Italy
A/294/88Germany 157E030 Winelaw Reasonedopinion
CompetitionA/138/86 Greece Petroleum productsmonopoly Terminated 157E030 ;157E034 ;
157E037
157E0171 :384D0508 A/30/89 Belgium AidforIdealspun-Beaulieu ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case375/89
Judgment 19February 1991

Sector Legalbasis Inf.No MemberState Subject Stageofproceedings
Competition
(cont'd)1861208 ;157E012 ;
157E030 ;157E095A/21/89 Adjustment ofpetroleum monopoly Reasoned opinion
1861048;157E030 A/361/87
A/131/79 Employment andSocialAffairs 371R1408Adjustment ofpetroleum monopoly
Supplementary allowance fromtheFonds
nationaldesolidarity—refusaltoexporta
socialsecuritybenefit
Discrimination ongroundsofnationality
Discrimination inpublicfinancing ;
non-university highereducation157E048 ;368R1612 A/521/89Reasonedopinion
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case236/88
Judgment 12July1990
Reasonedopinion
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case42/87
Judgment 27September 1988
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case307/89
Judgment 11June1991
TerminatedA/435/85
A/173/90157E007 ;157E048 ;
157E128 ;368R1612 ;
157E171
157E007 ;371R1408 A/468/85 Refusaltograntallowances fromthe
Fondsnationaldesolidaritytonationals of
otherMember States
SocialdiscriminationNoC250/86 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92Portugal
Spain
France
Luxembourg
Belgium
France
Italy
Germany
Belgium
Belgium
Netherlands
Belgium
FranceEqualtreatment inrespectofbenefits Reasonedopinion
Terminated Discrimination inrequiringextrainsurance
contributions157E007 ;371R1408 ; A/10/89
372R0574
157E048 ;368R1612 A/282/87
157E048 ;368R1612 A/215/88
371R1408 A/362/88
371R1408 A/363/88
683J0261 ;673J0187 ; A/364/88
674J0039 ;675J0007
371R1408 ;683J0275 A/365/88ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case253/90
TerminatedDeduction ofhealthinsurance contri­
butionsfromsupplementary pension
benefits
Discrimination againstBelgianworkersin
relationtoearlyretirement
Covertdiscrimination ingrantingwelfare
orsocialsecuritybenefits
Deduction ofhealthinsurance contri­
butionsfromsupplementary retirement
benefitsReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case326/90
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case57/90

Sector Legalbasis Inf.No Member State Subject Stageofproceedings
Agriculture 157E093 ;157E005 A/242/89
387R1351 ;157E0330 A/176/90
368R0804 ;379R0262 A/85/84Inventoryofaids
Importsofeggsforhatching
Marketing offractionated concentrated
butter
Restrictions onmeatimportsReasoned opinion
Terminated
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case67/88
Terminated 368R0805 ;157E030 ;
157E171
379R337 ;157E030
157E171 ;372R1035 ;
369R2638 ;380R2150A/180/84
(A/467/89)
A/016/85
A/68/85Sparklingwines
QualitystandardsforfruitandvegetablesTerminated
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case69/86
Judgment 12February1987
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case127/87380R1837 ;382R0019 ;
383R0020 :157E113A/101/85Netherlands
Italy
Italy
Greece
Germany
Italy
Greece
Netherlands
Greece
Greece
Greece
Netherlands28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/87A/258/85 375R2744 ;382D0495 ;
382R2029 ;382R3383 ;
157E005 ;377R2891Pricesforsheepandgoatsimportedfrom
Hungary
Releaseforfreecirculation of50000
tonnesofbasicproducttransported bythe
vesselEquinoxandcomingfromThailand
Importation offeedgrain,maizeand
barley;management ofmarketsbyKydep375R2727 ;157E005 ;
157E093A/480/85ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case96/89
Judgment 16May1991
ReferredtotheCourtofJustice
Case35/88
Judgment 12July1990
ReferredtotheCourtofJustice
Case281/87
Judgment 29November 1989
Terminated375R2727 :157E171 A/25/86 Purchase ofsubstandard durumwheat
from1982harvest
366R0136 :157E034 Barrierstotradeinoliveoil A/108/86
(A/142/85)
A/137/86 Terminated 368R0234 ;371R2358 ;
157E034 ;157E030Compulsory registration ofexportersof
agricultural productswithasupervisory
body
Restrictions onthemarketing ofoilsand
fats157E030 ;366R0136 A/215/86Italy ReferredtotheCourtofJustice
Case67/88

Inf.No MemberState Subject SugeofproceedingsSector Legalbasis
157E030 :157E036 A/263/86 GreeceAgriculture
(cont'd)
380R1837 ;157E030 A/329/86 Germany
375R2727 ;157E034
157E030 ;368R0804
157E030 ;381R3796
387R0822 ;157E005A/422/86
A/81/90
A/375/90
A/102/87Greece
France
Germany
Germany
157E030 A/72/89 ItalyNoC250/88 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92368R0804 :384R0857 A/344/87 FranceObstaclestotheimportofcheese(H)
Obstaclestotheimportoflivesheepand
lambs
Refusaltograntexportlicencesformaize
Oilsandfatsincheese
Importsoflivefreshwater crayfish
Non-compliance withobligation todeliver
wineforcompulsory distillation
Ceilingomimportsofcertaindairy
products
Additional milklevies:righttooptfora
referenceyearotherthan1983
Kydepmonopoly —intervention bythe
centralgovernment inthecerealssector
Fatcontentofcheese(L)
Constraints onconsumer priceof
pasteurized milk
Intervention beefandvealintendedfor
welfareorganizations
Oliveoil—producers'associations
Set-aside ofarablelandReferredtotheCourtofJustice
Case293/89
Withdrawn
Terminated
Terminated
Reasonedopinion
Terminated
Reasonedopinion
Terminated
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case61/90
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case210/89
Judgment 11October1990
Terminated
Terminated
Reasonedopinion
Terminated375R2727 A/385/87 Greece
368R0804 :157E030 A/18/88 Italy
157E030 ;368R0804 A/80/88 Italy
379R2374 ;157E005 A/329/88 Greece
157E404 ;356E0136 ;
384R2261A/360/88 Greece
A/3/89 Denmark 385R0797

Sector Legalbasis Inf.No MemberState Subject Stageofproceedings
A/467/89 GreeceAgriculture
(cont'd)157E030 ;368R0805 ;
157E171Importsofcertaincutsofmeat Reasonedopinion
Reasonedopinion 368R0804 :378R1422 91/541 UnitedKingdom MilkMarketing Board:restrictions on
disposalofmilk
Transport 157E076 ;157E095
157E059 ;157E048A/202/90Germany
A/351/87 GreeceTaxonheavygoodsvehicles Terminated
Discrimination onthegroundofReasonedopinion
nationality asregardsentrytomuseums
Discrimination onthegroundofReasonedopinion
nationality asregardsentrytomuseums
Refusaltogiveauthorization foranairTerminated
linkbetweenManchester andMilan157E059 ;157E048 ;
157E052A/352/87Spam
A/281/88Italy 387D060228.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/89TransfertoCommunity pensionscheme Administrative affairs StaffRegulations A/7/78 Belgium
(A/303/84)ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case137/80
Judgment 19October1981
Letterofformalnotice
(Article171)
165F/PRO/PRI;157E171 A/65/83 Germany Familyallowances frommorethanone
source
157F/PRO/PRI;157E171 A/303/84Belgium TransfertoCommunity pensionschemeReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case189/85
Judgment 7May1987
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case383/85
Judgment 3October1989
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case6/89
Judgment 5April1990157E005 A/65/88 Belgium 50%reduction inthesalariespaidbythe
Belgianauthorities toBelgianteacherson
secondment
165F/PRO/PRI A/23/89 France Terminated Deduction ofhealthinsurance contri­
butionsfromretiredECofficial'snational
pension

Sector Legalbasis Inf.No MemberState Subject Stageofproceedings
Environment 382R3626 ;157E005 ; A/66/89 Spain Importsofchimpanzees Terminated
157E189 ;186I395
382R3626 ;157E005 A/225/86 France Rulesoninternational tradeinwildanimal
andplantspeciesindangerofextinctionReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case182/89
Judgment 2November 1990
Fisheries 382R2057 :383R0171 A/445/84 France Fisheries :inadequate compliance with
technical conservation measures
157E052 A/394/85 Ireland Lackofconformity withCommunity law
oftheFisheriesAmendment Act1983ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case64/88
Judgment 4October1991
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case93/89
Judgment 10April1991
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case209/88
Judgment 27November 1990
Letterofformelnotice
(Article171)
Terminated381R3796 ;382R3191 A/188/86Italy Failuretoprovideinformation in
connection withthecommonorganization
ofthemarketinthefisheriessectorNoC250/90 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92381R3796 ;383R3598 A/362/86Ireland Failuretoprovideinformation in
connection withthecommonorganization
ofthemarketinthefisheriessector
Overfishing 1985 385R0001 A/368/86UnitedKingdom Reasoned opinion
(A/398/87)
385R3721 A/370/86 Netherlands Overfishing 1986 ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case52/91
Terminated 381R3796 ;383R3598 ; A/391/86 Greece
382R3191 ;383R3599Failuretoprovideinformation in
connection withthecommonorganization
ofthemarketinthefisheriessector
Overfishing 1985 385R0001 :385R006 A/255/87 France Terminated
Terminated 385R3721 ;385R3730 ; A/396/87 France Overfishing 1986
385R3732 ;383R0170 ;
382R057

Sector LegalbasisInf.No Member State Subject Stageofproceedings
385R3721 ;385R3732 A/398/87UnitedKingdom Overfishing 1986 Reasonedopinion Fisheries
(cont'd)
A/405/87 Spain 382R2057 ;385R3777 ;
386R4034Failuretofulfilobligation torecord
catches(ICESdivisions)
A/520/87UnitedKingdom ExtensionofterritorialwatersReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case258/89
Judgment 25July1991
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case146/89
Judgment 7July1991
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case279/89A/186/88UnitedKingdom Fishingboats,restrictions onfree
movement ofpersonsandexportsof
goods172B100 ;383R0170
376R0101 ;381R3796
376R0101 ;381R3796
382R2057 :387R2241A/187/88 Ireland BanonBritishfishingboatsinIrishwaters
andassociated measuresReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case280/89
Reasonedopinion A/356/8828.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/91Spam Requirement tocooperate —inspection
andmonitoring offishing
UnitedKingdom MerchantNavyAct A/87/89 157E048 ;157E052 ;
157E059ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case246/89
Judgment 4October1991
Financial institutions 157E059 A/149/89 Belgium Premiumfortheacquisition ofhousing Reasonedopinion
Budgetary questions A/355/85Italy
A/60/87 Germany
A/466/90Italy377R2891 ;157E171
377R2892 ;377R2891
377R2891 ;157A018
377R2891Refusaltopayinterestcharges Terminated
Ownresources fromVAT:calculation ofTerminated
compensation forexemption oftelecom­
munications
Interestonlatepaymentofownresources Reasonedopinion
(Report87-7-3)
Failuretocalculate andpayVAT Reasonedopinion
resourcesowingtoexemption oftollsA/19/89 Ireland
(A/200/88)

Sector Legalbasis Inf.No Member State Subject Stageofproceedings
377R2891 A/20/89 UnitedKingdom Budgetary questions
(cont'd)Failuretocalculate andpayVAT Reasonedopinion
resourcesowingtoexemption oftolls (A/202/88)
Customs union 682J0199 ;157E171 A/438/84Italy Terminated Repayment ofnationalchargeshaving
equivalent effect
377R1535 A/-126/84UnitedKingdom Reasonedopinion Civilaircraftexempted fromcustoms
dutiesandsubsequently usedasmilitary
aircraft
157E009 ;157E028 ;
368R0950A/342/84Belgium Duty-free importation ofmilitary Reasonedopinion
equipment
A/343/84 Denmark 157E009 ;157E028 ;
368R0950Duty-free importation ofmilitary Reasonedopinion
equipmentNoC250/92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92157E009 ;157E028 ;
368R0950A/344/84UnitedKingdom Duty-free importation ofmilitary Reasonedopinion
equipment
A/345/84Italy 157E009 ;157E028 ;
368R0950Duty-free importation ofmilitary Reasonedopinion
equipment
157E009 ;157E028 ;
368R0950A/346/84Luxembourg Duty-free importation ofmilitary Reasonedopinion
equipment
A/347/84 Netherlands 157E009 ;157E028 ;
368R0950Duty-free importation ofmilitary Reasonedopinion
equipment
157E009 ;181H029 ; A/229/86Greece Bankchargeforchecking imported
products 157E171 (A/32/90)ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case229/87
Judgment 15November 1988
Letterofformalnotice
(Article171)

Sector Legalbasis Inf.No MemberSute Subject Stageofproceedings
Customsunion 157E009;157E102 A/158/87Italy Telegrams sentbyveterinary services
chargedtoimportersoflivestockTerminated
(cont'd)
157E009 ;157E012 ; A/182/88 France
368R0804Chargeforcomputerized checkingof
customsdeclarationsTerminated
Stampdutyoncertainproducts Terminated 157E009 ;387D0433 A/447/88Italy
Indirecttaxation 157E095 A/136/83Italy Consumption taxonbananas Terminated
(A/300/88)
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case238/90Excisedutyonbeer
Excisedutyonbeer28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/93ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case153/89
Judgment 26June1991
Letterofformalnotice
(Article171)
Excisedutyonbeer157E095;157E096 A/158/83Italy
157E095 ;157E096 A/187/83Belgium
157E095;157E096 A/188/83Luxembourg
157E095 ;157E096 A/189/83 Netherlands
157E095 A/333/85Italy
157E095 A/503/85 DenmarkReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case152/89
Judgment 26June1991
Letterofformalnotice
(Article171)
Excisedutyonbeer ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case282/89
Taxationofimportsofsecond-hand goods
havingtheeffectofdoubletaxationTerminated
Motorvehicles Terminated
157E095 ;157E171 A/83/86
A/99/90Italy Excisedutiesonrum Terminated

Sector Legalbasis Inf.No MemberState Subject Stageofproceedings
157E095 A/219/86 France Indirecttaxation
(cont'd)
157E095 A/308/87 SpainParafiscal chargeonimportsofforestry
products
Taxationofimportsofsecond-hand goods
havingtheeffectofdoubletaxation
Taxationofimportsofsecond-hand goods
havingtheeffectofdoubletaxation
HigherVATonimported spirituous
beveragesthanonnationalproducts157E095 A/325/87 Greece
157E095 A/341/87 Greece
157E095 A/77/88 Portugal Administrative chargefortheinspectionof
fruitandvegetables
VATrate:silver-plated cutlery
Taxation ofbananas
VATonimportedcarsNoC250/94 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92Terminated
Terminated
Terminated
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case230/89
Judgment 18April1991
Reasoned opinion
Reasoned opinion
Terminated
ReferencetotheCourtofJustice
Case327/90
Terminated
Reasoned opinion
Terminated
Terminated
ReferredtotheCourtofJustice
Case323/90
TerminatedA/275/88
A/300/88
A/369/88
A/627/89
A/90/89Greece
Italy
Greece
Ireland157E095
157E095
157E095
386R3842 ;387R3077
157E095
382R0636A/93/89 Portugal
A/128/89 Netherlands
Art.6Accession
ProtocolA/130/89 SpainCounterfeit goods
Differential taxationofmotorvehicles
Inwardprocessing oftextiles
Importsofbread-making flourintothe
Canaries
Restrictions onforwarding agentsmaking
customsdeclarations
Obstacles tothefreemovement ofsteel
products385R3632 A/132/89Portugal
157E030 ;151K004 A/361/89Italy

Inf.No Member State Stageofproceedings Sector Legaibasis Subject
Indirecttaxation 382R3599 ;384R1751 ;A/544/89Greece
(cont'd) 157E030
157E095 A/627/89 GreeceTemporary importation ofvideocameras ReferredtotheCourtofJustice
(camcorders ) Case210/91
Taxdiscrimination forimportedcars ReferredtotheCourtofJustice
Case105/91
157E007 : A/351/87 Greece Admission tomuseums TerminatedEnterprise policy,Tourism,157E059;
Cooperatives 157E048;157E052
157E007 ; A/352/87 Spain Admission tomuseums Reasonedopinion 157E059 ;
157E048 :157E05228.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/95

NoC250/96 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
ANNEX B
Infringement ofdirectives
Contents
Statisticalquestions . 97
Internalmarketandindustrial affairs 97
Competition 112
Financialinstitutions andcompanylaw 112
Employment ,socialaffairsandeducation 115
Environment ,consumerprotection andnuclearsafety 116
Agriculture 128
Transport 143
Energy 145
Budgets 146
Customsunionandindirecttaxation 146
Telecommunications ,information industriesandinnovation 149
Explanation ofentries
78/546
(31.12.1989)
blank
yes
n.m.n .
n.p.i.
n.p.a.numberofDirective
deadlineforincorporation ofDirectiveintonationallaw
nomeasuresnotifiedby31December 1990althoughmeasuresmayinfact
havebeentaken(measuresnotifiedbyMScurrentlyunderstudy)
nationalimplementing measuresnotified
proceeding initiatedorpursuedonthegroundthatnomeasureshavebeen
notified
proceeding pursuedonthegroundthattheDirectivehasnotbeenproperly
incorporated intonationallaw
proceeding pursuedonthegroundthattheDirective isnotbeingproperly
applied
deadlineforincorporation bytheparticularMemberState
infringement number(.../82=yearinwhichproceedings wereinitiated)
numberofcaseonCourtofJusticeregister
dateofCourtjudgment
reasonedopinion1.1.1986
A/74/89
Case171/88
Judgment 1.3.1983
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
Statisticalquestions
73/132 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Statisticalsurveys:
bovinelivestockA/208/88
n.p.a.
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 78/546 Statisticalreturns:yes
(31.12.1980)carriageofgoodsby
roadA/74/82
n.p.i.
Judgment
11.7.1985
Case101/84
A/216/88
n.p.i.
Judgment
8.5.1991
Case266/8928.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/97yes yesInternalmarketandindustrialaffairs
63/261 Freedomof
(3.10.1963)establishment in
agriculture—paid
workersyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 63/262 Freedomof
(3.10.1963)establishment in
agriculture—
abandoned holdings
64/54 Preservatives yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1981)A/278/84yes
n.p.a.
Referral
Case95/89
65/1 Freedomtoprovide yes
(15.6.1965)services—agricultureyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/520/90yes
n.m.n .
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F VK GR I IRL L NL P
yes yes yes A/521/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 67/654Freedomof
(26.4.1968)establishment­
forestryn.m.n.
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 68/192Freedomofaccesstoyes
(11.10.1968)creditforfarmers
yes yes yes A/522/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 68/365Freedomof
(17.4.1969)establishment­
foodindustriesn.m.n.
r.o.
68/366Foodindustries yes yes yes A/523/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(17.4.1969)n.m.n.
r.o.NoC250/98 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92yes yes yes A/524/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 68/367Freedomof
(17.4.1969)establishment­
personalservicesn.m.n.
r.o.
68/369Personalservices yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(17.4.1969)
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 68/415Freedomofaccesstoyes
(20.6.1969)aidforfarmers
69/77Activitiesoftheyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(5.3.1969)self-employedin
processingindustries
69/82Activitiesoftheyesyesyes A/525/90yesyes yesyesyes yesyes yes
(14.9.1969)self-employedin n.m.n.
exploration r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F VK GR I IRL L NL P
70/451 Freedomof yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(2.4.1971)establishment —film
production
yes yes yes A/526/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 71/18 Freedomof
(18.6.1971)establishment —
agriculture and
horticulturen.m.n .
r.o.
71/305 Publicworks yes
(29.7.1972)contractsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/316/89yes
n.p.a.
Referral
Case243/89A/725/91
n.p.a.
r.o.A/406/87
n.p.a.
r.o.
A/418/89 A/200/91
n.p.a.
r.o.n.p.a.
Referral28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/9971/349 Calibration oftanksyes
(15.4.1973)ofvesselsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
72/277 Publicworks
(1.1.1981)contractsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/110/88yes
n.p.i.
Referral
Case299/89
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 73/148 Movement and
(23.11.1973)residenceA/382/87
n.p.a.
Judgment
30.5.1991
Case68/89
73/361 Markingofwireropes yes yes yes A/501/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1981)andchaîne n.m.n .
r.o.
75/106 Prepackaged liquidsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(31.12.1979)

E F VK GR IRL NL PDirective Subject B D DK I L
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 75/318 Proprietary medicinal yes
(22.11.1976)products1.1.1991
yes
yes A/817/90 75/324 Aerosols yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1981)n.m.n.
r.o.
75/368 Freedomofestab-yes yes yesA/528/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(18.6.1976)lishment—various
activitiesn.m.n.
r.o.
76/211 Packagedproducts yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/820/90
(31.12.1979)yes
n.m.n.
r.o.NoC250/100 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.9276/399 Colouringmatters yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(8.8.1980)
76/767 Pressurevessels yes yes A/824/90
(1.1.1981)yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
n.m.n.
r.o.
yes yes A/132/9077/62 Publicsupply
(22.6.1978)contractsyes yes yes yes yes yesA/726/91
n.p.a.A/725/91
n.p.a.A/662/90
n.p.a.
r.o. r.o. r.o.n.p.a.
r.o.
Referral
Case274/91
77/249 Lawyers yes yes yes yes A/450/84yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(24.3.1979) n.p.i.
Jugdment
7.10.1991
Case294/89

Directive Subject B D DK E F VK GR I IRL L NLp
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 78/669 Publicworks
(2.2.1979)contractsA/110/88yes
n.p.i.
Referral
Case299/89
78/686 Dentists yes yes yes A/411/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(28.1.1980)n.m.n .
r.o.
78/891 Prepackaging yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1980)
79/168 Fruitjuices yes yes yes A/490/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.7.1980)n.m.n .
r.o.28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/101yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/832/90 79/1005 Prepackaged liquidsyes
(1.1.1981)n.m.n .
r.o.
80/155 Mid-wives yes yes yes A/225/90yes
n.p.i.yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(23.1.1983)
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/833/9080/232 Prepackaged
(15.1.1982)productsn.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/283/9080/767 Publicsupply
(1.1.1981)contractsn.m.n .
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
82/76 Doctors yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(31.12.1982)
82/242 Biodegradability ofyes
(8.10.1983)surfactantsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/378/84
n.m.n.
Judgment
2.3.1988
Case309/86
A/202/89
n.m.n.
Referral
(Article171)
82/243 Biodegradability ofyes
(8.10.1983)surfactantsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/379/84
n.m.n .
Judgment
2.3.1988
Case309/86NoC250/102 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92A/203/89
n.m.n.
Referral
(Article171)
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 82/470 Servicesincidental yes
(2.1.1984)totransportA/126/85
n.m.n.
Judgment
12.7.1988
Case310/86
A/362/89
n.m.n.
Referral
(Article171)
82/489 Hairdressers yes yes yes A/533/90 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(23.1.1984) n.m.n .
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I RL L NL P
82/499 Radiointerference yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/834/90
(1.12.1984)n.m.n .
r.o.
yes A/531/91A/348/91A/397/91A/377/91
n.m.n. n.m.n. n.m.n . n.m.n .yes yesA/799/90
n.m.n .
169lett.82/711 Articlesincontact A/260/91A/241/91A/285/91yes
(4.11.1982)withfoodstuffs n.m.n.n.m.n.n.m.n.
r.o. 169lett.r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 83/189 Technicalstandards A/276/87A/341/88yes
(31.3.1984) n.p.a.n.p.a.
r.o. r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes A/596/90yes yes yes yes yes 83/463 Labellingof
(1.7.1984)foodstuffsn.m.n.
r.o.28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/10384/525 Seamlesssteelgasyes
(23.3.1986)cylindersyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/841/90
n.m.n.
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/842/9084/526 Aluminium gas
(23.3.1986)cylindersn.m.n.
r.o.
yes yes yes A/843/9084/527 Weldedsteelgas
(23.3.1986)cylindersyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
n.m.n.
r.o.
84/539 Electricalequipment yes yes yes A/503/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(26.9.1986)usedinmedicine n.m.n.
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
85/10 Prepackaged liquidsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/848/90
(20.12.1985) n.m.n.
r.o.
85/374 Defectiveproducts yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(30.7.1988)A/146/89yes
n.m.n.
r.o.A/150/89
n.m.n.
Referral
Case192/91
85/384 Architects yes yes yes yes yes yes A/387/88A/507/88yes yes yes yes
(5.8.1987)n.m.n. n.m.n.
Referral Referral
Case309/90Case236/90NoC250/104 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.9285/433 Pharmacists yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.10.1987)A/255/88
n.m.n.
Judgment
14.5.1991
Case167/90
85/584 Pharmacists yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.10.1987)A/260/88
n.m.n.
Judgment
16.8.1991
Case167/90A/263/88
n.m.n .
Referral
Case152/90A/264/88yes
n.m.n.
Referral
Case168/90

85/591Directive ,Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
85/591 Foodstuffs forhumanyes yes yes yes —yes yes yes yes yes
(23.12.1987)consumption
85/614 Architects yes yes yes yes yes yes A/388/88A/509/88yes yes yes yes
(5.8.1987)n.m.n .
Judgment
7.11.1991
Case309/90n.m.n .
Referral
Case296/90
86/17 Architects yes yes yes yes yes yes A/389/88A/547/88yes yes yes
(6.8.1987)
-n.m.n.
Judgment
7.11.1991
Case309/90n.m.n .
Referral
Case296/90
86/94 Detergents yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/678/90yes yes yes yes
(31.12.1989)n.m.n.
r.o.
86/96 Prepackaged products yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/849/90
(19.9.1987)n.m.n.
r.o.28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/105yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/596/89A/851/9086/295 Construction plantyes
(30.5.1989)(rops)A/504/90yes
n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n. n.m.n .
Referral r.o.
Case204/91
A/597/89A/852/9086/296 Construction plantyes yes
(30.5.1989)(fops)yes A/505/90yes
n.m.n .yes yes yes yes yes
n.m.n. n.m.n .
Referral r.o.
Case205/91
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/598/89A/854/9086/663 Self-propelled
(1.1.1989)industrialtrucksn.m.n. n.m.n.
Referral r.o.
Case202/91

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 87/20 Veterinary medicinal yes
(1.7.1987)productsA/94/88yes
n.m.n.
Referral
87/21 Proprietary medicinal yes
(1.7.1987)productsyes yes 1.1.1992yes yes 1.1.1992yes yes yes yes1.1.1992
yes yes
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 87/22 High-technology yes
(1.7.1987)medicinalproducts
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 87/54 Legalprotection yes
(7.11.1987)ofsemiconductor
topographiesA/449/89
n.m.n.
Referral
Case574/90NoC250/106 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/803/9087/250 Labellingofalcoholic yes
(1.5.1988/beverages
1.5.1989)n.m.n.
r.o.
87/308 Radiointerference A/855/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(31.12.1988/
31.12.1989)n.m.n.
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/856/90 87/310 Radiointerference yes
(31.12.1987)byfluorescent lightsn.m.n.
r.o.
A/857/90yes yes yes yes yes yes 87/354 Industrialproducts—A/396/88*yes yes
(31.12.1987)indicationsof n.m.n.
MemberStates ReferralA/403/88yes
n.m.n.
Referral
Case366/90n.m.n.
169lett.

I NLDirective Subject B D DK E F UK GR IRL L P
87/355 Measuring yes
(31.12.1987)instrumentsyes yes yes yes yes yes A/404/88yes yes yes yes
n.m.n.
Referral
87/356 Prepackaged productsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/859/90
(30.6.1988)n.m.n.
r.o.
A/804/9087/524 Preservedmilk yes
(6.4.1989)productsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
n.m.n.
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 87/566 Fertilizers—samplingyes
(31.10.1988)andanalysis28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/10788/182 Technicalstandards yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1989)
87/183 Fluidfertilizers yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(25.3.1989)yes A/53/90yes yes
n.m.n .
Referral
Case273/91
1.3.1992yes yes yes A/884/901.3.1992 88/295 Publicsupply yes
(1.1.1989)contractsyes yes
n.p.a.
169lett.1.3.1992A/449/89yes
n.m.n.
Referral
Case82/91
A/725/91
n.p.a.
r.o.
A/619/91
n.p.a.
Referral

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
88/316 Prepackaged liquidsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/194/90yes yes yes yes
(30.6.1988)n.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes A/509/90 yes A35/91A/95/91yes yes yes yes 88/320 Goodlaboratory
(1.1.1989)practicen.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
88/388 Flavourings yes A/422/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(30.12.1989)n.m.n .
r.o.A/671/90A/638/90
n.m.n. n.m.n.
r.o. r.o.
A/646/90A/771/90 A/682/9088/571 Electricalequipment yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(31.12.1989)n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.NoC250/108 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.9288/593 Jams,jelliesand yes yes yes yes yes yes A/639/90yes
(1.1.1989)marmeladesA/570/90yes
n.m.n.
r.o.A/742/90A/806/90
n.m.n . n.m.n.
r.o. r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 89/235 Motorcycles
(30.9.1989)soundlevelA/344/90yes
n.m.n.
169lett.
89/240 Self-propelled yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/863/90
(1.1.1989)industrialtrucks n.m.n.
r.o.
89/344 Cocoaandchocolate yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1988)

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
89/394 Fruitjuices yes yes yes A/496/90yes yes yes yes A/641/90yes A/743/90yes
(14.6.1990) n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
89/396 Foodstuffs yes yes yes yes yes yes
(20.6.1990)A/425/90
n.m.n .
169lett.A/497/90
n.m.n.
169lett.A/675/90
n.m.n.
169lett.A/642/90
n.m.n.
169lett.A/744/90A/807/90
n.m.n. n.m.n.
169lett.169lea.
89/397 Foodstuffs yes yes yes A/498/90yes yes A/601/90A/676/90A/643/90A/708/90A/745/90A/808/90
n.m.n. n.m.n. n.m.n . n.m.n. n.m.n. n.m.n . (20.6.1990)n.m.n .
r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o.
89/398 Foodstuffs yesA/427/90yes A/500/90yes yes yes A/677/90A/644/90yes yes yes
(16.5.1990) n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/10989/284 Fertilizers yes yes yes A/518/90yes yes A/610/90A/679/90yes A/717/90yes yes
(17.4.1989)n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
85/572 PlasticmaterialsandA/261/91A/242/91A/286/91A/307/91 A/532/91A/349/91A/398/91Al/378/91A/426/91A/451/91yes
(1.1.1991)articlesincontact n.m.n.n.m.n.n.m.n.n.m.n.
withfoodstuffs r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
86/102 Additivesinfoodstuffs yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/154/91yes yes
(27.3.1987)n.m.n.
r.o.
89/107 Additivesinfoodstuffs yes yes yes A/67/91yes A/90/91 A/155/91A/129/91yes
(28.6.1990)A/182/91yes
n.m.n.
r.o.A/110/91
n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.

DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL PDirective Subject B D
A/181/91 A/6/91 A/50/91 yes A/89/91A/109/91yes yes A/22/91yes yes yes89/108 Quick-frozen
(10.7.1991)foodstuffs
(10.1.1991)n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
A/157/91A/127/91yes yes89/109 MaterialsandarticlesA/141/91A/180/91yes
(10.7.1990)incontactwith n.m.n.n.m.n.
foodstuffs r.o. r.o.yes A/51/91yes
n.m.n .
r.o.A/88/91A/108/91
n.m.n . n.m.n .
r.o. r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
yes yes yes yesA/85/91 yes89/440 Publicworks
(19.7.1990)contractsA/153/91A/126/91
n.m.n. n.m.n.
r.o. r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
A/712/91
n.p.a.
A/36/91A/80/91yes yesNoC250/110 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.9290/18 Goodlaboratory
(1.7.1990)practicen.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.
A/316/91
n.p.a.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes89/681 Tractors— A/650/91A/647/91yes
(3.1.1991)front-mounted ropsn.m.n.n.m.n.
169lett.169lett.A/673/91
n.m.n.
169lett.A/681/91
n.m.n.
169lett.
yes yes yes yes yes yesA/674/91
n.m.n .
169lett.A/682/91
n.m.n.
169lett.89/682 Tractors— A/651/91A/648/91yes
(3.1.1991)rear-mounted ropsn.m.n.n.m.n.
169lett.169lett.
A/81/91 A/159/91yes A/25/9189/676 Prepackaged liquidsyes yes yesA/8/91 yes yes yes yes
(1.7.1990)n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
A/186/91yes yes A/72/91 87/404 Simplepressure yes
(1.1.1990)vessels n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.
yes A/693/91A/667/91A/675/91
n.m.n. n.m.n. n.m.n.yes 90/486 Electrically-operated A/652/91yes
(24.3.1990)lifts n.m.n.
169lett.A/659/91yes
n.m.n .
169lett.A/683/91
n.m.n.
169lett.A/687/91
n.m.n.
169lett.A/690/91
n.m.n .
169lett. 169lett.169lett.169lett.
yes yesA/96/91 yes yes 86/653 Self-employed
(1.1.1990)commercial agentsn.m.n.
r.o.
A/653/91yes yes yes yes 89/48 Recognition of
(4.1.1991)higher-education
diplomasA/660/91
n.m.n.
169lett.yes A/668/91A/677/91
n.m.n . n.m.n.
169lett.169lett.A/684/91
n.m.n.
169lett.A/688/91
n.m.n.
169lett.A/691/91
n.m.n.
169lett.n.m.n.
r.o.28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/11190/128 PlasticarticlesandA/262/91A/243/91A/287/91A/308/91A/331/91A/533/91A/350/91A/399/91A/373/91yes A/566/91
(31.12.1990)materialsincontact n.m.n.n.m.n.n.m.n.n.m.n.n.m.n.n.m.n.n.m.n.n.m.n.
withfoodstuffs r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
89/178 Labellingof A/263/91yes yes A/309/91yesA/534/91yes A/401/91A/380/91A/428/91A/453/91A/567/91
(1.12.1990)dangeroussubstances n.m.n.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o. r.o.
yes yes yes yesA/63/91A/40/91yes yesA/158/91yes yes 89/519 Fertilizers—samplingyes
(1.9.1990)andanalysisn.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
90/35 Child-resistant
(31.12.1990)packagingyes A/310/91yes A/535/91yes A/402/91A/381/91A/429/91A/454/91A/486/91 A/264/91A/244/91
n.m.n. n.m.n.
r.o. r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
89/530 Oligo-elements inyes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/676/91yes A/679/91yes
(22.3.1991)fertilizers—boron,
cobalt,copper,ironn.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes A/680/91yes yes89/680 Tractors—rops A/649/91A/646/91yes
(3.1.1991) n.m.n.n.m.n.
r.o. r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.
Competition
90/388 Marketfor
(31.12.1990)telecommunication
servicesyes yes yes yes yes yesA/352/91A/403/91A/382/91yes yes yes
n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.NoC250/112 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92Financialinstitutions andcompanylaw
78/855 Mergersofpublic
(12.10.1980)limitedliability
companiesyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/129/86
n.m.n .
Judgment
11.5.1989
Case46/88
A/399/90
n.m.n.
r.o.
(Article171)
yes yes yes yes yes yesyes yes yes yes yes 82/891 Divisionofpublic
(12.10.1980)limitedliability
companiesA/129/86
n.m.n .
Judgment
11.5.1989
Case46/88
A/399/90
n.m.n.
r.o.
(Article171)

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
83/349 Consolidated yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/322/89yes yesA/314/89
(1.1.1988)acccountsn.m.n.
Referral
Case359/90n.m.n.
Referral
Case58/91
84/5 Civilliability yes yes yes yes yes yes A/200/89yes yes A/172/89yes yes
(1.1.1988)insurancen.m.n.
Referral
Case57/91n.m.n.
Referral
Case349/90
84/253 Auditsofaccounting yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/326/89A/324/89yes A/328/89yes
(1.1.1988)documents n.m.n.
Referraln.m.n.
Referral
Case359/90n.m.n.
Referral
Case157/91
84/641 Touristassistance yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/178/89yes A/179/89yes yes
(30.6.1987)n.m.n .
Referraln.m.n .
Referral
Case157/91
85/611 Undertakings for yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/140/90yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1989)collectiveinvestment n.m.n.
insecurities(UCITS)r.o.
88/220 Undertakings for yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.10.1989)collectiveinvestment I
insecurities (UCITS)28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/113

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL .P
88/357 Directinsurance yes yes yes yes yes yes A/631/90A/795/90yes A/735/90yes yes
(30.12.1989/ n.m.n.n.m.n. n.m.n.
30.6.1990) r-°- 169lett. r0-
86/635 Consolidated A/280/91A/473/91yes yes yes yes A/370/91A/420/91A/393/91A/443/91A/482/91yes
(31.12.1990)accountsofbanks n.m.n.n.m.n. n.m.n.n.m.n.n.m.n.n.m.n.n.m.n.
andotherfinancial r.o. 169lett. r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o.
institutions
yes A/326/91yes yes A/372/91A/421/91yes A/444/91yes yes 89/647 Solvencyratios yes
(1.1.1991)forcreditinstitutionsn.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
89/299 Ownfundsofcredityes
(1.1.1991)institutionsyes A/328/91yes A/550/91A/371/91A/400/91
n.m.n. n.m.n . n.m.n.yes A/445/91yes yes
n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o. 169lett.r.o. r.o.NoC250/114 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92yes yes yes yes A/169/91yes 87/343 Creditinsuranceandyes
(1.1.1990)suretyshipinsurancen.m.n.
r.o.
A/170/9187/344 Legalexpenses yes
(1.1.1990)insuranceyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
n.m.n.
r.o.
88/627 Majorholdingsinyes A/257/91yes yes yes A/551/91A/373/91A/422/91yes A/446/91 yes
(1.1.1991)listedcompanies n.m.n. n.m.n.n.m.n.n.m.n. n.m.n.
r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o.
yes yesA/327/91yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 87/345 Stockexchangepros-yes
(1.1.1991)pectusn.m.n.
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
Employment ,socialaffairsandeducation
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 68/360 Movementand yes
(15.7.1969)residenceofworkersA/382/87yes
n.p.a.
Referral
Case68/89
76/207 Equaltreatmentforyes
(12.8.1978)menandwomenyes yes yes A/260/85yes yes yes yes yes yes A/312/84
n.p.i.
Judgment
30.6.1988
Case318/86n.p.i.
r.o.
(Article171)
A/445/90A/143/85
n.p.i. n.p.i.
r.o. Referral
(Article171)Case202/8928.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/115yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 80/987 Protection of
(22.10.1983)employeesinthe
eventofthe
insolvencyofthe
employerA/118/85
n.p.i.
Judgment
2.2.1989
Case22/87
A/203/90
n.p.i.
169lett.
(Article171)
86/378 EqualtreatmentforA/341/90yes A/342/90yes yes yes A/343/90A/344/90yes A/345/90A/134/91yes
(30.7.1989)menandwomen n.m.n. n.m.n. n.m.n.n.m.n. n.m.n.n.m.n.
169lett. 169lett. 169lett.169lett. r.o. r.o.
Electricalequipment
foruseinminesA/459/90yes yes A/540/90A/460/89yes yes A/463/89A/464/89A/465/89yes
n.m.n. n.m.n . n.m.n. n.m.n. n.m.n. n.m.n.88/35
(1.1.1988)
susceptibleto r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o. 169lett.r.o.
firedamp

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 86/188 Protection ofworkersA/151/91yes
(4.1.1990)fromnoise n.m.n.
r.o.A/719/90A/753/90A/488/91
n.m.n. n.m.n. n.m.n.
r.o. r.o. r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/720/90yes yes 88/364 Protectionofworkersyes yes
(1.1.1990)fromspecifiedagentsn.m.n.
r.o.
yes A/332/91 A/383/91yes yes A/489/91 88/642 Protection ofworkers A/266/91
(21.12.1990)fromexposureton.m.n.
chemicalagents r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.A/354/91yes
n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
89/622 Labellingoftobacco yes
(1.7.1990)productsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/105/91yes yes A/26/91
n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.NoC250/116 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92Environment ,consumerprotectionandnuclearsafety
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 75/439 Disposalofwaste
(18.6.1977)oilsA/108/87
n.p.a.
Judgment
13.6.1990
Case162/89
75/440 Surfacewater A/345/87A/372/87yes yes yes yes yes yes
(18.6.1977) n.p.i. n.p.a.
Judgment JudgmentA/347/87yes
n.p.i.
Referral
11.6.199017.10.1990A/349/87yes
n.p.i.
Referral
Case21/90
A/89/653
169lett.Case290/89Case58/89

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I RL L NL P
75/442 Waste yes yes yes A/413/89
n.p.a.(18.7.1977)
r.o.A/109/87yes
n.p.a.
Judgment
13.6.1990
Case162/89yes yes yes yes yesA/284/87
n.p.a.
judgment
14.6.1990
Case48/89
A/71/88
n.p.a.
r.o.
Referral
Case2/90A/239/88
n.p.a.
Referral
Case33/90
yes yes yes yes 76/160 Bathingwater yesA/317/89
n.p.a.yes A/400/90yes
n.p.a.
169lett.yesA/315/87
n.p.a.A/356/87
n.p.i.
169lett.(10.12.1977)
r.o.
76/403
(9.4.1978)DisposalofPCBs
andPCTsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/110/87
n.p.a.
Judgment
13.6.1990
Case162/89A/285/87yes
n.p.a.
Judgment
14.6.1990
Case48/8928.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/117yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 76/464 Pollution—
(15.3.1977)dangeroussubstances
intheseaA/289/88yes
n.p.a.
Referral
A/205/91
n.p.i.
r.o.
Health—ionizing
radiationyes yes yes yes 76/579
(3.6.1978/
3.6.1980)
76/768 Cosmetics yes yes yesA/371/87
n.p.a.A/450/88
n.p.i.yes yes yes A/207/90
(31.12.1980)A/390/86yes
n.p.i.
Referral
Case246/91A/421/86
n.p.i.
Referral
Case29/90n.p.i.
169lett.r.o. r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/929/9078/176
(22.2.1979)Wastefromthe
titaniumdioxide
industryn.m.n .
r.o.A/135/79
n.m.n.
judgment
2.2.1982
Case68/81
A/169/84
n.m.n.
Judgment
14.1.1988
Case227/85
(Article171)
A/367/90
n.m.n.
r.o.
(Article171)NoC250/118 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.9287/102
(1.1.1990)Consumer credit yes yes yesA/567/90
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yes yesA/699/90
n.m.n .
r.o.A/667/90
n.m.n .
r.o.A/737/90
n.m.n.
r.o.A/768/90
n.m.n.
r.o.yes
88/314
(7.6.1990)Indicationofprices
ofnon-foodproductsyes yes yesA/19/91
n.m.n.
r.o.yes yes yesA/700/90
n.m.n .
r.o.A/118/91
n.m.n.
r.o.yesA/769/90
n.m.n.
r.o.yes
88/315
(7.6.1990)Indicationofprices
offoodstuffs
(amendment )yes yes yesA/20/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yes yesA/701/90
n.m.n.
r.o.A/117/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yesA/770/90
n.m.n.
r.o.yes
88/378
(1.1.1990)Safetyoftoys yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/738/90
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yes
89/395
(20.12.1990)Labellingoffood­
stuffs(amendment )A/259/91
n.m.n .
169lett.yesA/329/91
n.m.n.
r.o.yes yesA/376/91
n.m.n .
r.o.A/423/91
n.m.n .
169lett.A/396/91
n.m.n .
r.o.A/449/91
n.m.n .
r.o.A/485/91
n.m.n .
r.o.A/528/91
n.m.n.
r.o.

Directive Subject 6 D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
90/121 Cosmetics A/283/91yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/529/91
(31.12.1990) n.m.n . n.m.n .
r.o. r.o.
90/207 Cosmetics A/284/91yes yes yes yes yesA/375/91yes yes yes A/530/91
(31.12.1990) n.m.n. n.m.n. n.m.n .
r.o. r.o. r.o.
78/319 Toxicanddangerous A/169/83yes yes yes yes yes yes A/286/87yes yes yes yes
(22.3.1980)waste n.p.i. n.p.a.
Judgment Judgment
2.12.1986 14.6.1990
Case239/85 Case48/89
A/111/87
n.p.a.
Judgment l
13.6.1990
Case162/89
\
78/659 Qualityoffresh yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/71/85yes yes yes yes
(20.7.1980)waters n.p.i.
Judgment
12.7.1988-
Case322/86
A/211/9028.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/119n.p.i.
r.o.
(Article171)
79/112 Labellingoffood yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/649/89yes
n.p.i.
r.o.(22.12.1980/stuffs
22.12.1982/
22.12.1984)A/101/87yes
n.p.a.
Referral
Case177/89
A/243/88
n.p.a.
Judgment
25.7.1991
Case32/90

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
A/295/88A/121/84A/187/87 A/501/87A/309/87yes yes79/409
(6.4.1981)Conservation ofwild
birdsA/283/88
n.p.a.A/118/84
n.p.i.
judgment
8.7.1987
Case247/85A/246/87yes
n.p.a.
Referral
Case57/89r.o.n.p.a. n.p.a.
Referral Referral
Case157/89Case55/90n.p.a. n.p.i. n.p.a.
Referral Judgment r.o.
Case355/9027.4.1988
Case252/85
A/291/90A/327/87A/125/84
n.p.i.
Judgment
13.10.1987
Case236/85
A/400/85
n.p.i.
Judgment
15.3.1990
Case339/87
169lett.
(Article169)n.p.i.
r.o.
(Article171)A/362/87
n.p.a.
Referral
Case57/89n.p.a.
r.o.
A/48/89
n.p.i.
r.o.
(Article171)
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesDangerous substances yes 79/831
(18.9.1983/
18.9.1983)A/339/87yes
n.p.a.
Referral
Case43/90NoC250/120 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92yes yes yes yes79/869 Analysisofsurface
(11.10.1981)waterA/346/87 yes yes yes A/348/87yes
n.p.i.
Referraln.p.i.A/372/87
n.p.a.
Referral
Case58/89A/350/87
n.p.i.
Referral
Case21/90arret
11.9.1991
Case290/89
yes yes yes yes80/68 Protection of
(19.12.1981)groundwaterA/86/86yes
n.p.a.
Judgment
28.2.1991
Case360/87A/281/84A/121/86yes yes yesA/354/88
n.p.i. n.p.i. n.p.a.
Judgment Judgmentr.o.
17.6.198728.2.1991
Case1/86Case131/88
A/291/88
n.p.i.
Referral
Case174/91
(Article171)

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
Waterforhuman
consumptionyes yes yes 80/778
(17.7.1982)A/440/87yes
n.p.i.
Referral
Case237/90A/81/88
n.p.a.
Referral
Case21/89A/224/86
n.p.i.
Referral
Case287/88A/370/87yes
n.p.a.
Referral
Case337/89A/363/87yes
n.p.a.
ReferralA/221/86
n.p.i.
Judgment
5.7.1990
Case42/89
A/506/87
n.p.i.
Referral
Case42/89
80/779 Airquality yes A/119/86yes
(18.7.1982) n.p.i.
Judgment
30.5.1991
Case361/88yes A/14/86A/387/87yes A/120/86yes yes A/457/86yes
n.p.i.n.p.a. n.p.i. n.p.i.
Judgment r.o. 169lett. Referral
1.10.1991 Case190/90
Case64/9028.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/121yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 80/836 Healthprotection
(3.12.1982)againstionizing
radiation(Euratom)A/481/88yes
n.p.i.
Referral
Case376/90A/486/88
n.p.i.
r.o.A/225/87
n.m.n.
Judgment
7.5.1991
Case246/88
81/1051 Noiseemissionsofyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(14.6.1982)construction plant
82/434 Analysisofcosmetics yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(31.12.1983)
82/501 Majoraccident yes A/219/87yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/457/86yes
(8.1.1984)hazards n.p.i. n.p.i.
Referral Referral
Case190/90

Directive SubjectDK E F UK GR I IRL L NL PB D
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 82/884 Limitvalueforleadyes
(9.12.1984)intheairA/36/88
n.p.i.
Judgment
30.5.1991
Case59/89A/510/87
n.p.i.
Judgment
1.10.1991
Case13/90
83/513 Cadmiumdischarges yes yes yes yesA/205/88
n.p.i.yes yes yes yes yes
(28.9.1983)A/369/87yes
n.p.i.
Referral
Case70/89r.o.
A/416/90
n.p.i.
r.o.
(Article171)
yes yes yes yes 84/450 Misleading advertising yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.10.1986)A/54/88
n.m.n .
Referral
Case256/89NoC250/122 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.9284/466 Radiationprotection yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/240/90yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1986)n.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 84/467 Healthprotection A/481/88yes
(5.4.1986) n.p.i.
Referral
Case376/90A/233/87A/486/88
n.m.n.n.p.i.
Judgment r.o.
7.5.1991
Case246/88
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 84/491 Hexachlorocyclo -yes
(1.4.1986)hexanedischargesA/129/87yes
n.m.n .
Referral
Case54/89

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
84/537 Soundpowerlevelyes
(26.3.1986)ofconcretebreakersyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 84/538 Soundpowerlevelyes
(1.7.1987)oflawnmowersA/388/90yes
n.m.n .
r.o.
A/71/88A/38/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 84/631 Transfrontier
(1.10.1985)shipmentof
hazardous wasteA/495/90yes
n.p.a.
r.o.n.p.a. n.p.a.
Referral r.o.
Case8/90
85/203 Airqualitystandards yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1987)A/511/87yes
n.p.i.
Referral
Case14/9028.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/123yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 85/337
(1.7.1988)A/124/90
n.m.n.
160lett.Assessment ofthe
effectsofpublic
andprivate
projectson
theenvironment
yes yes yes yes 85/339
(3.7.1987)yes yes yesA/332/87
n.p.a.Containers of
liquidsforhuman
consumptionA/337/87
n.p.a.
Referral
Case192/90r.o.A/338/87
n.p.a.
r.o.A/334/87yes
n.p.a.
Referral
Case252/89
A/157/88
n.m.n.
Referral
Case252/89
85/405 Noiseemissionofyes
(26.3.1986)construction plantyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
85/406
(26.3.1986)Soundpowerlevel
ofcompressorsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
85/407
(26.3.1986)Soundpowerlevel
ofweldinggeneratorsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
85/408
(26.3.1986)Soundpowerlevel
ofpowergeneratorsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
85/409
(26.3.1986)Soundpowerlevel
ofconcretebreakersyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
85/411
(31.7.1986)Conservation
ofwildbirdsyes yes yesA/295/88
n.p.a.
Referral
Case355/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
85/444
(1.10.1989)Sealpups yes· yes yes yesA/149/90
n.p.a.
r.o.yes yes yes yes yes
85/469
(1.10.1985)Transfrontier
shipmentof
hazardous wasteyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
85/577
(23.12.1987)Contractsnegotiated
awayfrombusiness
premisesyes yes yes yes yes A/11/89
n.m.n .
Referral
Case357/90yes yes yes yes yesNoC250/124 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I RL L NL P
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/945/9086/197 Labellingof
(1.8.1988)foodstuffsn.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/934/9086/278 SewagesludgeusedA/230/90yes
(16.6.1989)inagriculture n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 86/279 Transfrontier
(1.1.1987)shipmentof
hazardous waste
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 86/431 Dangerous substances yes yes yes
(1.7.1987)28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/125yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 86/594 Household appliances
(4.12.1989)—airbornenoise
A/730/90 A/932/9086/609 ProtectionofanimalsA/150/91yes yes yes yes yes yes A/693/90yes yes
(24.11.1989) n.m.n.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.r.o.
yes yesA/63/90yes A/477/89yes yes 86/662 NoiseemittedbyA/659/89yes yes
(29.12.1988)hydraulicexcavators n.m.n.
Referralyes yes
n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes yes yes A/62/91yes yes yes yes yes yes 87/18 Chemicalsubstances yes
(30.6.1988)—verificationn.m.n .
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
87/140 Textilenames yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.9.1988)A/430/89yes
n.m.n.
Referral
Case227/91
87/184 Textilenames yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.7.1988)A/431/89yes
n.m.n.
Referral
Case227/91
87/217 Environmental yes
(31.12.1988)pollutionbyasbestosyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/582/89A/65/90yes
n.m.n. n.m.n.
r.o. r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes A/205/89yes yes yes yes 87/252 SoundpowerlevelA/431/88yes
(1.1.1988)oflawnmowers n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.NoC250/126 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92yes yes yes yes yes A/698/90yes yes yes yes 87/357 Healthandsafety yes yes
(26.6.1989)ofconsumersn.m.n.
r.o.
87/405 Soundpowerlevelyes
(26.6.1989)oftowercranesA/433/90yes yes yes yes yes A/370/90yes yes yes yes
n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.
87/416 Leadcontentofpetrol yes yes yes yes yes
(29.7.1987)
88/347 Dangeroussubstances A/444/89yes yes yes yes yes yes A/128/90yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1989/ n.m.n. n.m.n.
1.1.1990) r.o. r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
88/378
(30.6.1989)Dangerous
preparationsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/738/90
n.m.n.
r.o.yes yes
88/667
(31.12.1989)Cosmetics A/458/90
n.m.n.
r.o.yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/711/90
n.m.n.
r.o.yes
89/174
(31.12.1989)Cosmetics A/459/90
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/917/90
n.m.n.
r.o.
89/428
(31.12.1989)Titaniumdioxide
wasteyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
88/490
(1.7.1990)Packagingof
dangeroussubstancesA/147/91
n.m.n.
r.o.yes yes yes A/588/90
n.m.n.
r.o.yes yes A/696/90
n.m.n .
r.o.yes. yes yes yes
88/609
(30.6.1990)Emissions of
pollutantsA/146/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yes yes yes yes A/622/90
n.m.n .
r.o.yes A/657/90
n.m.n.
r.o.yes yes yes
88/610
(1.6.1990)Majoraccident
hazardsyes yes yes yes yes yes A/628/90
n.m.n .
r.o.yes A/662/90
n.m.n .
r.o.A/732/90
n.m.n.
r.o.yes yes28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/127yes yes yes yes A/787/90yes A/695/90yes A/731/90yes yes 89/514 Noiseemittedbyyes
(1.1.1990)hydraulicexcavators n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.

DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P Directive Subject B D
A/82/91A/104/91A/168/91 89/629 NoiseemissionfromA/138/91yes
(30.9.1990)civilaircraft n.m.n.yes yes yes yes yes yes
n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o. r.o.
87/101 Wasteoils A/149/91yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1990) n.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes 89/428 Pollutioncausedby
(31.12.1989)wastefromthe
titaniumdioxide
industry
yes A/323/91yes A/547/91A/368/91A/418/91 A/441/91yes yes 89/429 Waste-incineration A/278/91yes
(1.12.1990)plants n.m.n. n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o. r.o.NoC250/128 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92yes A/322/91yes A/546/91A/367/91A/417/91A/391/91A/440/91yes yes 89/369 Waste-incineration A/277/91yes
(1.12.1990)plants n.m.n.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o. r.o.
A/661/91 A/678/91A/671/91A/685/91 89/427 Airqualitylimit
(1.1.1991)valuesandguide
valuesyes yes yes yes
n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
Agriculture
64/432 Animalhealth yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/698/91
(30.6.1965) n.p.a.
ReferralA/484/85yes
n.p.a.
judgment
5.7.1990
Case304/88

B D DK E F UK GR IRL L NL P Directive Subject I
64/433 Freshmeat yes yes yes yes yes A/314/88yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1981)A/484/85yes
n.p.a.
Judgment
5.7.1990
Case304/88n.p.a.
r.o.
66/400 Beetseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/490/91
(31.12.1985) n.m.n.
r.o.
66/401 Fodderplantseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/893/90
(31.12.1985) n.m.n .
r.o.
66/403 Seedpotatoes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/491/91
(31.12.1985) n.m.n.
r.o.28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/129yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/494/91 68/193 Materialforthe
(31.12.1985)vegetativepropa­
gationofthevinen.m.n .
r.o.
69/61 Beetseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/495/91
(31.12.1985) n.m.n .
r.o.
69/63 Fodderplantseedyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/894/90
(31.12.1985) n.m.n.
r.o.
69/208 Oilplantseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/497/91
(31.12.1985) n.m.n.
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
70/458 Vegetableseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/499/91
(31.12.1985) n.m.n.
r.o.
71/118 Freshpoultrymeat yes yes yes yes yes yes A/129/88yes yes yes yes A/867/90
(18.2.1973) n.p.a. n.m.n.
Referral r.o.
Case375/90
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/500/91 71/140 Materialforthe yes
(31.12.1985)vegetativepropa­
gationofthevinen.m.n.
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/501/91 71/161 Forestreproductive yes
(31.12.1985)material n.m.n.
r.o.NoC250/130 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.9272/168 Vegetableseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/502/91
(31.12.1985) n.m.n.
r.o.
72/169 Vinevarieties yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/503/91
(31.12.1985) n.m.n.
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/504/91 72/180 Agricultural plant
(31.12.1985)varieties n.m.n.
r.o.
A/866/90 73/418 Seed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(31.12.1985) n.m.n .
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
74/13 Forestreproduction yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/492/91
(31.12.1985)material n.m.n.
r.o.
74/649 Materialfortheyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/505/91
(31.12.1985)vegetativepropa- n.m.n.
gationofthevine r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/868/90 75/431
(1.1.1977)Intra-Community
tradeinfresh
poultrymeatn.m.n.
r.o.
75/502 Seedofsmooth-stalk
(31.12.1985)meadowgrassyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/506/9128.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/131n.m.n.
r.o.
76/331 Beetseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/507/91
(31.12.1985) n.m.n.
r.o.
77/93
(1.5.1980)Harmfulorganisms yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/323/87
n.p.a.
Judgment
18.7.1980
Case128/89
A/780/91
n.p.a.
169lett.
(Article171)

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
77/98 Veterinary problems yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1977/
1.1.1978)
77/101 Straightfeedingstuffs yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1981)
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 77/504 Pure-bredbreeding
(1.1.1979)animalsofthe
bovinespeciesA/449/88yes
n.p.a.
Referral
Case235/91
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/508/91NoC250/132 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.9277/629 Materialforthe
(31.12.1986)vegetativepropa­
gationofthevinen.m.n.
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/869/9178/50 Tradeinfresh
(30.9.1977/poultrymeat
30.6.1978)n.m.n.
r.o.
A/877/9078/55 Seed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(31.12.1990)n.m.n.
r.o.
Fodderplantseedyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/805/9078/386
(31.12.1985)n.m.n .
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
78/388 Oilplantseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/509/91
(31.12.1985) n.m.n.
r.o.
78/692 Seed A/918/90 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(31.12.1985) n.m.n .
r.o.
79/109 Brucellosis yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.4.1979)A/316/84
n.m.n.
Judgment
3.9.1988
Case116/86
A/463/88
n.m.n.
r.o.
(Article171)28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/13379/641 Seed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/988/90
(31.12.1985) n.m.n.
r.o.
A/911/91 80/216 Healthproblems
(31.12.1990)poultrymeat—yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
n.m.n.
r.o.
80/219 Tuberculosis and
(31.12.1980)brucellosisyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/256/83
n.m.n .
Judgment
29.1.1987
Case364/85
A/453/88
n.m.n .
r.o.
(Article171)

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
80/304 Oilplantseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/510/91
(31.12.1985) n.m.n.
r.o.
80/754 Fodderplantseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/818/90
(31.12.1985) n.m.n.
r.o.
80/879 Freshmeatand
(31.12.1989)poultrymeatyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/912/90
n.m.n.
r.o.NoC250/134 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.9280/1098 Swinevesicular
(1.7.1981)diseaseandswine
feveryes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/258/83
n.m.n.
Judgment
29.1.1987
Case364/85
A/454/88
n.m.n.
r.o.
(Article171)
yes yes 80/1099 Swinevesicular
(1.7.1981)diseaseandswine
feveryes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/259/83
n.m.n.
Judgment
10.3.1987
Case386/85
A/456/88
n.m.n.
r.o.
(Article171)

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
82/287 Seed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/819/90
(1Lmi/ n.m.n.
1.1.1983) r0-
82/331 Materialfortheyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/511/91
(1.7.1982)vegetativepropa- n.m.n.
gationofthevine r0-
A/512/9182/859 Oilplantseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.7.1983)n.m.n .
r.o.
83/91 Freshmeat yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1985)A/349/85
n.m.n.
Judgment
27.4.1989
Case324/8728.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/135A/958/90
n.m.n .
r.o.
(Article171)
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 84/587 Additivesin
(4.12.1986/feedingstuffs
4.12.1988)A/559/87
n.m.n .
Referral
Case263/89
84/645 Swinefever yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(31.3.1985)A/352/85
n.m.n.
Referral
Case329/87
85/38 Fodderplantseedyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/901/90
(1.1.1986)n.m.n.
r.o.

DK E F UK GR I IRL NL PDirective Subject B DL
85/322 Swinefever yes yes yes yes yes yesyes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1986)A/321/86
n.m.n .
Referral
Case349/89
85/325 Freshmeat yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1986)A/323/86yes
n.m.n.
Referral
Case349/89
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/378/9085/326 Freshmeatand
(1.7.1987)poultrymeatn.m.n .
r.o.NoC250/136 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.9285/397 Heat-treated milk yes yes yes A/976/90yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.7.1988)n.m.n.
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/889/9085/511 Foot-and-mouth
(1.1.1987)diseasen.m.n.
r.o.
86/109Fodderplantseedyes.yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/902/90
(1.7.1987) nm-n-
r.o.
86/155 Seedandplants yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/950/90
(1.3.1986/ n-mn-
1.7.1987) r0-

DK UK GR IRL L NL PDirective SubjectB D E F I
yes yes yes yes yes 86/299 Undesirable products yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(31.12.1987)
86/320 Cerealseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/97/91yes yes yes yes
(1.7.1987)n.m.n .
r.o.
86/587 Healthproblems—yes
(30.4.1987)freshmeatyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/151/88
n.m.n .
Referral
Case262/89
A/500/8928.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/137yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 87/328 Pure-bredbreeding yes
(1.1.1989)animalsofthebovine
speciesn.m.n .
ReferralA/449/88yes
n.p.a.
Referral
Case235/91
A/493/89
n.m.n .
Referral
Case236/91
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 90/120 Importsof A/448/90yes
(1.4.1990)deep-frozen spermofn.m.n.
bovineanimals r.o.A/689/90A/101/91A/727/90
n.m.n. n.m.n . n.m.n .
169lett.r.o. r.o.
87/481 Vegetableseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/685/90yes yes
(1.7.1989)A/755/90A/513/91
n.m.n . n.m.n .
r.o. r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
87/486 Swinefever yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(31.12.1987)A/499/88yes
n.m.n.
Referral
Case11/91
87/489 Swinefever yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(31.12.1989)A/497/89
n.m.n.
Referral
Case269/91
Meatproducts yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 87/491
(1.1.1988)A/542/88yes
n.m.n .
Referral
Case11/91NoC250/138 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92Beetseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/514/91 88/95
(1.7.1988) n.m.n.
r.o.
Tradeinfreshmeat A/515/89yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 88/288
(1.1.1989)A/498/89
n.m.n.
Referral
Case269/91n.m.n.
Referral
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 88/289 Importation ofbovineA/516/89
(1.1.1989)animalsandswine n.m.n.
ReferralA/499/89yes
n.m.n .
Referral
Case269/91

UK GR I IRL L NL PDirective Subject B D DK E F
A/964/90yes yes yes 88/299 Substances witha
(31.12.1988)hormonalactionyes yes yes yes yes yes yes
n.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 88/406 Enzooticbovine
(1.9.1988)leukosisA/271/89
n.m.n .
Referral
Case6/91
A/447/90 A/544/90yes yes yes 89/227
(30.6.1990)Meatproducts yes yesA/618/90A/687/90A/653/90A/726/90A/758/90
n.m.n. n.m.n. n.m.n. n.m.n. n.m.n.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o.28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/139A/145/91yes yesA/15/91yes yesA/93/91A/113/91A/164/91A/131/91yes 88/658 Tradeinmeat
(31.12.1990)productsn.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
Trichinae yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 89/321
(1.9.1989)A/220/90A/230/91
n.m.n.n.p.i.
r.o. r.o.A/218/90yes
n.m.n.
Referral
Case270/91
Testingofbrucellosis yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/819/90yes yes yes yes 89/360
(1.10.1989)n.m.n.
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
39/100 Fodderplantseedyes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/682/90yes yes yes A/907/90
'1.1.1990) n.m.n. n.m.n.
r.o. r.o.
88/407 Healthproblems A/446/90yes yes yes yes yes yes A/684/90A/652/90A/724/90yes yes
H.1.1990) n.m.n. n.m.n.n.m.n.n.m.n.
r.o. r-o. r.o. r.o.
89/362 Hygiene yes yes yes A/545/90yes yes yes A/688/90yes yes yes yes
(31.12.1990)n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes yesA/11/91yes yes yes A/87/91yes A/165/91yes yes 89/384 Freezingpointof
(31.12.1990)untreatedmilkNoC250/140 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.
A/686/90 A/515/91 89/14 Vegetableseed yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(31.12.1990)n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
90/506
(1.1.1991)Harmfulorganisms A/269/91yes yes yes yes yes A/358/91yes yes A/434/91yes A/519/91
n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes A/359/91A/409/91 yes A/461/91yes 90/533 Plantprotection
(30.9.1991)productscontaining
certainactive
substancesn.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.

DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL PDirective Subject B D
yes yes yesA/493/91yes yes 74/648 Materialforthe
(1.7.1976)vegetativepropa­
gationofthevinen.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes A/496/9169/64 Forestreproduction
(19.2.1969)materialn.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 90/335 Plantprotection yes
(1.1.1991)productscontaining
certainactive
substancesA/406/91yes
n.m.n .
r.o.A/458/91yes
n.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes 90/110 Additives in
(30.11.1990)feedingstuffsA/152/91yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
n.m.n .
r.o.28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/141yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/160/91yes A/27/91 87/480 Oilandfodder
(1.7.1990)plantseedsn.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.
88/380 Seedsandplants yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/161/91yes A/28/91
(1.7.1990)n.m.n . n.m.n .
r.o.
89/2 Marketingof
(1.7.1990)cerealseedyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
A/318/91yes yes 88/409 MeatinspectionfeesA/271/91yes
(1.1.1991) n.m.n.
r.o.yes yes A/410/91A/384/91A/436/91yes
n.m.n. n.m.n . n.m.n. n.m.n .
r.o. r.o. r.o. r.o.
yes yes yes yes A/385/91 A/463/9188/661 Zootechnical
(1.1.1991)standardsfor
breedingpigsA/272/91yes
n.m.n .
r.o.A/540/91yes
n.m.n.
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n.
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
89/556
(1.1.1991)Importsofembryosof
domesticanimalsof
thebovinespeciesA/276/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yesA/320/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yes yesA/412/91
n.m.n .
r.o.A/387/91
n.m.n .
r.o.A/438/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes A/523/91
n.m.n .
r.o.
89/424
(1.7.1990/
1.7.1991)Certification ofseedyes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/86/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes A/163/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes A/516/91
n.m.n .
r.o.
90/119
(1.1.1991)HybridbreedingpigsA/275/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yes yesA/545/91
n.m.n.
r.o.yes yesA/389/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes A/476/91
n.m.n .
r.o.
89/361
(1.1.1991)Pure-bredbreeding
sheepandgoatsA/273/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yes yes yesA/542/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yesA/386/91
n.m.n .
r.o.A/437/91
n.m.n .
r.o.A/464/91
n.m.n .
r.o.A/522/91
n.m.n .
r.o.
90/118
(1.1.1991)Pure-bredbreeding
PigsA/274/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yes yesA/544/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yesA/388/91
n.m.n.
r.o.yes A/466/91
n.m.n .
r.o.
90/168
(1.1.1991)Harmfulorganisms yes yes yes yes yes yesA/355/91
n.m.n.
r.o.yes yesA/432/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yes
90/490
(1.1.1991)Harmfulorganisms A/268/91
n.m.n.
r.o.yes yes yes yes yesA/357/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yesA/433/91
n.m.n.
r.o.yes A/518/91
n.m.n.
r.o.
90/422
(1.10.1990)Enzooticbovine
leukosisA/136/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yesA/12/91
n.m.n.
r.o.yes yesA/42/91
n.m.n.
r.o.A/78/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yesA/166/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yesNoC250/142 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92

Directive Subject DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P B D
90/237 Turnover tax yes
1.7.1990)A/698/91
n.p.a.
r.o.
88/182 Labellingofgloves yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1989)A/565/91
n.p.a.
r.o.
Transport
74/562 Accesstothe
(31.12.1976)occupation ofroad
haulageoperatoryes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/926/90
n.m.n .
r.o.A/113/79
n.m.n .
Judgment
10.11.1981
Case28/81
A/176/83
n.m.n .
Judgment
5.11.1986
Case160/8528.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/14379/1034 Tankers yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1979)
80/1178 Accesstothe yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1981)occupation ofroad
haulageoperator
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 80/1179
(1.1.1981)Accesstothe
occupation ofroad
passenger transport
operator
yes yes yes yes yes 80/1180 Goodshaulage yes yes yes.yes yes yes
(1.1.1981)operators

DK UK GR I IRL NL PDirective Subject B D E F L
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesyes yes yes 82/714 Technical
(1.1.1985)requirements for
inlandwaterway
vesselsA/202/85
Judgment
24.5.1988
Case307/86
A/356/89
n.m.n .
Referral
Case19/91
(Article171)
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes85/3 Weightsand
(1.7.1986/dimensionsofcertain
1.1.1990)vehicles
A/456/89yes yesA/365/89yes yes yes yesA/366/89 yes87/540 Accesstooccupation A/364/89
(30.6.1988)ofcarrierofgoodsbyn.m.n.
waterway Referral
Case377/90n.m.n .
Referraln.m.n .
Referraln.m.n .
ReferralNoC250/144 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.9287/601 Faresforscheduled yes
(31.12.1987)airservicesyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/566/90yes yes yes89/463 Interregional air
(1.11.1989)servicesn.m.n .
r.o.
88/599 Recordingequipment yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/3/91 yes
(1.1.1989/inroadtransport n.m.n.
1.1.1990) r'°'
88/449Motorvehiclesandyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/114/91yes yes
(27.7.1990)theirtrailers n.m.n.
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
89/461
(1.1.1991)Technical
characteristics of
certainroadvehiclesyes yes yes yes yes yes A/416/91
n.m.n.
r.o.yesA/3/91
n.m.n.
r.o.yes yes
90/398
(31.12.1990)Vehicleshired
withoutdriversyes yes yes yes A/415/91
n.m.n .
r.o.yesA/478/91
n.m.n .
r.o.A/524/91
n.m.n.
r.o.
Energy
64/414
(1.1.1971)Stocksofcrudeoilyes yes yes yes yes yes A/316/88
n.p.a.
r.o.yes yes yes yes yes
72/425
(1.1.1975)Stocksofcrudeoilyes yes yes yes yes yesA/316/88
n.p.a.
r.o.yes yes yes yes yes
75/339
(1.1.1978)Stocksoffossilfuelyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
75/404
(31.12.1975)Restriction oftheuse
ofnaturalgasyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
78/170
(1.7.1980/
1.1.1981)Heatgenerators yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/940/90
n.m.n .
r.o.
82/885
(16.6.1984)Heatgenerators yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/941/90
n.m.n .
r.o.
85/536
(1.1.1988)Crude-oilsavings yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/175/89
n.m.n .
r.o.yes yes yes yes28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/145

UK GR RL NL PDirective Subject B D DK E F I L
Budget
77/388 SixthVATDirective yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/134/90
n.p.a.
169lett.(1.1.1978)
Customsunionandindirecttaxation
Customsunion
82/347 Procedures fortheyes
(1.1.1983)exportofgoodsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes A/162/83
n.m.n .
Judgment
30.4.1986
Case158/85NoC250/146 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.92A/502/87
n.m.n.
Referral
Case208/89
(Article171)
83/643
(31.12.1986)yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Inspections inrespect
ofthecarriageof
goodsA/33/88yes
n.p.a.
Referral
Case209/89
A/314/88
n.p.a.
r.o.
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 87/53
(1.1.1987)Physicalinspections
inrespectofthe
carriageofgoodsA/353/88yes
n.m.n .
Referral
Case69/90

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL NL P L
Indirecttaxation
69/169 Tax-freeallowances yes
(1.1.1970)ininternational travelyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yesA/40/82A/298/87
n.p.a. n.p.a.
Judgment Judgment
14.2.1984 17.10.1991
Case325/82Case100/90
A/320/85
n.p.a.
r.o.
(Article171)
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes72/464
(1.7.1973)Taxeson
manufactured tobaccoA/271/85
n.p.a.
Judgment
13.7.1988
Case169/8728.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/147SixthVATDirective yes yes yes yes77/388
(1.1.1978)A/323/88A/53/88A/202/88A/199/88A/262/81yes yes A/153/83
n.p.a. n.p.a. n.p.a. n.p.a. n.p.a. n.p.a.
Judgment r.o. Referral Referral Judgment Judgment
7.10.1991 28.6.1988 26.3.1987
Case35/90 Case3/86 Case235/85
A/213/88 A/188/84 A/201/88
n.p.a. n.p.a. n.p.a.
Referral Judgment r.o.
21.6.1988
Case257/85
A/209/85
n.p.a.
Judgment
24.5.1988
Case122/87
A/428/85 A/84/90
n.p.a. n.p.a.
r.o. r.o.
(Article171)

DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL PDirective SubjectB D
A/429/8577/388
(cont'd)n.p.a.
r.o.
(Article171)A/134/90
n.p.a.
r.o.
A/663/89
n.p.a.
r.o.
(Article171)
83/181 Importation ofgoodsyes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.7.1984)A/422/84
n.m.n.
Judgment
24.11.1987
Case125/86
A/446/88
n.m.n.
Referral
(Article171)NoC250/148 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities 28.9.9283/182 Temporary imports yes yesA/127/86A/471/89yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1984) n.p.a. n.m.n.
Referral r.o.
Case52/90
83/183 Permanent imports yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
(1.1.1984)A/421/84
n.m.n .
Judgment
24.11.1987
Case124/86
A/86/90
n.p.a.
r.o.A/445/88
n.m.n .
Referral
Case262/91
(Article171)
yes yes yes yes yes yesA/578/89yes yes yes yes 88/331 Finalimportation ofyes
(1.1.1989)goodsn.m.n .
r.o.

Directive Subject B D DK E F UK GR I IRL L NL P
yes yes yes yes yes A/83/91yes yes yes yes 89/604 Finalimportation ofA/140/91yes
(1.7.1990)goods n.m.n.n.m.n.
r.o.r.o.
Telecommunications ,information industriesandinnovation
A/630/89yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 86/361 Mutualrecognition
(26.7.1987)oftype-approval for
telecommunications
terminalequipmentn.m.n .
r.o.
yes yes yes yesA/369/91A/419/91 yes yes 90/387 Opennetwork
(1.1.1991)provisionfor
telecommunicationsyesA/392/91
n.m.n .
169lett.n.m.n .
r.o.n.m.n .
r.o.28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropean Communities NoC250/149

NoC250/150 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
ANNEX C
Monitoring theapplication byMemberStatesofenvironment Directives
Ontheotherhand,thereappeartobefewproblemsinthe
implementation ofenvironmental Directives applicable to
marketable products .Thismayaccountfortherelativelysmall
numberofcasesconcerning theapplication ofCommunity law
relatingtochemicalsandnoise.I.INTRODUCTION
Themainfeaturewhichemergesfromareviewofthevarious
complaints receivedbytheCommission andcasesitestablished
onitsowninitiativeregardingtheenvironment in1991isthata
greatmanyofthemconcernCommunity instruments onnature
conservation ,inparticular Directive 85/337/EEConthe
assessment ofenvironmental impact.Ingeneral,therewasnosignin1991ofafallinthenumberof
complaints totheCommission concerning theenvironment (').
Thereasonforthispreponderance isnotthatotherprovisions
ofCommunity environment lawareappliedmoreeffectively :
suchahypothesis ishardlyborneoutbytheratherscantinfor­
mationattheCommission 'sdisposal .Itisratherareflectionof
theparticular sensitivity ofindividuals andtheirincreasing
awarenessoftheconsequences ofmajorpublicworksforthe
environment andtheirqualityoflife.Inthisrespect,the
complaints (')showthegrowingimportance whichthepublic
attachesnotonlytotheprinciplethataproject'simpactonthe
environment mustbeassessed—arequirement whichisstilltoo
oftenignored—butalsotheirrighttobeconsultedbefore
workbeginsonaproject,asprovidedforinArticle6(2)of
Directive 85/337/EEC.Sincetheadministrative workload hasnoteased,the
Commission needstoreviewthewaysinwhichcomplaints are
handled .Inthisrespectthereisaspecialplacefor'package
meetings'whichgivetheCommission moreopportunity to
explaintoMemberStatestheexactnatureoftheproblemsand
grievances raisedbycomplainants andobtainmorerelevant
information fromthemwithouttheriskofmutualmisunder­
standings .In1991meetingsofthiskindwhereheldwith
Belgium,Italy,FranceandIreland .
II.SITUATION INTHEMEMBER STATES
BelgiumThereareotherreasonswhytheimpactassessment Directive is
ofparticularimportance .In1991therewereagreatmanycases
wheremajorconstruction projects,mostfrequently involving
transportinfrastructure ,wereimplemented withoutdueregard
toDirective 85/337/EEC.Latetransposal
TheBrusselsCapitalRegionhasmadeupmuchofthedelay
observedinthepast.Asregardstheothersectors,theCommission 'sobservation in
theeighthannualreportstillholdstrue:thesituationisatits
leastsatisfactory incaseswhereCommunity legislation lays
downobligations toplanahead,sincefewMemberStatesdoso
satisfactorily .TheWalloonandBrusselsCapitalRegionshavenotified
measurestransposing Directives 88/180/EECand88/181/EEC
amending Directive 84/538/EEConthepermissible sound
powerleveloflawnmowers .TheFlemishRegionhasnotified
measures implementing Directives 90/219/EECand
90/220/EEConthecontained useanddeliberate releaseinto
theenvironment ofgenetically modifiedorganisms .ThisisthecaseformanyDirectives concerning water;itis
thereforenosurprisethatthissectorrankssecondintermsof
complaints andinfringements recordedin1991.
Nomeasures havebeennotifiedforDirective 90/517/EEC
amendingforthe11thtimetheDirectiveontheclassification ,
packaging andlabellingofdangerous substances . Thewastesectorranksthirdforthesamereasonandalso
becauseofincorrecttransposal andslackapplication inmany
MemberStates,problemswhichalsoapplytotheDirectiveson
waterandtoalesserextentthoseonairquality .
Conformity withCommunity Directives
Legislation adoptedtogiveeffecttoDirectives isgenerallyin
order.Butthecomplications ofallocatingpowersatthevarious
levelsofauthorityaresuchthatgaps,sometimes substantial ,
subsist .(')Thestatisticsonthenumberofcomplaintsrecordedin1991cannot
becomparedtostatisticsforpreviousyearsasthecriteriafor
countingthem,inparticularcomplaintsaddressedtotheCommission
intheformofpetitions ,havebeenchanged .

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/151
AjudgmentgivenbytheCourtofJusticein1987insixcasesof
failuretocomplywithDirective79/409/EEChasstillnotbeen
compliedwith.Newproceedings underArticle171oftheEEC
Treatyareinhand.designated ;intheWalloonRegion,problemssubsistwith
huntingandtrappingregulations ,eventhoughtheCourtof
JusticegavejudgmentagainstBelgiumin1987.
Directive 84/360/EECisstillnotfullytransposed .Norare
Directives 85/203/EEC(nitrogendioxide),76/403/EEC(PCBs
andPCTs),78/319/EEC(toxicwaste),78/176/EEC(titanium
dioxide)and87/217/EEC(asbestos).Application oftheimpactassessment Directive (85/337/EEC)
alsogivesrisetoproblems ,particularly asregardspublic
inquiriesandevaluation bythepublicauthorities ofimpact
assessments carriedoutbythoseinchargeofprojects .
Denmark On11June1990,theCourtofJusticegavejudgmentagainst
Belgiumforfailuretotranspose fullyDirectives 75/440/EEC
and79/869/EEC(surfacewaterforhumanconsumption and
analysisprocedures ).
Latetransposal
Directive 85/337/EEC(impactassessment )hasnotbeenfully
transposed intheWalloonandFlemishRegions,thoughthe
VLAREM legislation hassettledsomeoftheproblems ;ithas
notbeentransposed intheBrusselsCapitalRegion.Denmark hasdischarged itsobligations inthisrespectand
notifiedinstruments transposing Directives 88/180/EECand
88/181/EECamending Directive 84/538/EEConthe
permissible soundpowerleveloflawnmowers ,andalso
Directive90/517/EECamendingforthe11thtimetheDirective
ontheclassification ,packaging andlabellingofdangerous
substances .TheCommission withdrew itsactionintheCourtofJustice
regardingtransposal ofDirective 85/339/EEC(containers of
liquidsforhumanconsumption )whenBelgiumnotifiedthe
requisitemeasures .
Denmark hasalsotransposed Directives 90/219/EECand
90/220/EEConthecontained useanddeliberate releaseinto
theenvironment ofgenetically modifiedorganisms . Effectiveapplication
Conformity withCommunity lawInthewatersector,therearestillseriousproblems with
transposalofDirective76/464/EEC(dangerous substances in
water),asallriversarebadlypolluted .Thesituationwill
continuetogivecauseforconcernaslongasthereareno
programmes forthereductionofthispollutionunderArticle7
oftheDirective .ThedrinkingwatersituationinVerviers is
deteroriating despitethejudgmentgivenbytheCourtofJustice
on5July1990.Waterqualityremainswellbelowthe
requirements ofDirective 80/778/EEC.Animplementation
reporthasbeennotifiedforDirective76/160/EEC(bathing
water),butnotforDirective 78/659/EEC(fishwaters)or
79/923/EEC(shellfishwaters).IngeneraltermsDenmarkgoesseriouslyaboutthebusinessof
transposing Community environment Directives .
Therarecasesofnon-conformity concernfailuretoadapt
pre-existing lawtothenewrequirements .Theinfringement
proceedings forfailuretonotifyprogrammes toreducewater
pollution bycertaindangerous substances asrequiredby
Directive 76/464/EEC(dangerous substances )isanexample .Therearenospecialproblemsofairpollution .
Effectiveapplication Implementation reportsregardingwastehavebeennotifiedfor
allDirectives exceptDirectives 86/339/EEC(containers of
liquidsforhumanconsumption )and86/278/EEC(agricultural
sludge).Plansfortheremovalofgeneralwasteandtoxicand
dangerouswastehavestilltobenotifiedfortheBrusselsCapital
Region;theyareexpectedearlyin1992.IndividualviolationsofCommunity environment lawaresofew
andfarbetweenthattheirmediaimpactismuchgreaterthanit
wouldbeinotherMember States.
ThesituationregardingtheSevesoDirective (82/501/EEC)is
improving ,butmuchremainstobedoneasregardsemergency
plans.Themoststrikingexamplein1991wastheplannedconstruction
ofabridgetolinkDenmarktoSwedenacrossthe0resund(the
sound).Therewasavastpublicdebateonthecompatibility of
thisprojectwithDirectives 79/409/EEC(wildbirds)and
85/337/EEC(impactassessment),andtheCommission received
aseriesofcomplaints .Ithasyettodecideontheactiontobe
taken.Directive 79/409/EEConwildbirdscontinues topose
implementation problemsinbothWalloniaandFlanders .Inthe
FlandersRegion,insufficient specialprotection areashavebeen

NoC250/152 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
Germany theprescribeddate(3July1988).Commission vettingofthe
legislationrevealedthatitdidnotfullytransposetheDirective .
Länderrulesweremissingaswerecertainimplementing rules;
andseveralprovisionswerenotinlinewiththeCommunity
requirements . Latetransposal
Germany hastransposed Directive 90/517/EEC(11th
amendment toDirective 67/548/EEContheclassification ,
packaging andlabellingofdangerous substances andDirectives
90/219/EECand90/220/EEC(genetically modified
organisms ).ButtheCommission hasyettoreceivenotification
ofthemeasures totranspose Directives 88/180/EECand
88/181/EEC(permissible soundpowerleveloflawnmowers ).Inthewaterarea,theCourtofJusticegavejudgmentagainst
Germanyforincorrecttransposal ofDirective 80/68/EEC
(groundwater )inCaseC-131/88(on28February1991)andof
Directives 75/440/EECand79/869/EEC(surfacewater)in
CaseC-58/89(on17October1991).Germanyhasannounced
measurestocomplywiththegroundwater judgment .
EffectiveapplicationInSeptember GermanynotifiedmeasurestotransposeDirective
88/610/EEContheprevention ofmajoraccidenthazardsin
certainindustrialactivities,thedeadlineforwhichwas1June
1990. Germany isstillnotsupplyingtheCommission withallthe
reportsrequiredbyCommunity Directives .TheCommission has
thereforebeguntakingactiontoobtainreportsinthewaste
sectorforpastyearsunderDirectives 75/442/EEC,
76/403/EEC,78/319/EECand84/631/EEC.Thethree-yearly
implementation reportsandtheannualderogation reportsunder
Directive79/409/EEChavenotbeensentforsomeyears.Nor
hastheCommission receivedthereportdueinmid-1991on
implementation ofDirective 85/339/EEConcontainers of
liquidsforhumanconsumption .Itwasalittlelate—between twoandsevenmonths—in
notifyingtheareasofthenewLändertobedesignated before
theendof1992underDirective90/656/EECforthepurposes
ofDirective 79/409/EEContheconservation ofwildbirds.
Conformity withCommunity law
TheGermanlegislationimplementing theenvironmental impact
assessment Directive (85/337/EEC)cameintoforce—in
incomplete form—inautumn1990.TheCommission nowhas
anumberofcomplaints beforeit,fromwhichitemergesthat
assessments werenotcarriedoutforaseriesofprojectscovered
bytheDirective .Manyofthecomplaints concernprojectsin
thenewLänder,wheretheCommunity didnotallowa
transitional period.Mostcasesofnon-conformity arisewherenewCommunity law
istobegraftedontoexistingnationallaw.TheCommission
considers ,forinstance,thatDirective 86/609/EECon
laboratory animalshasnotbeenfullytransposed inGermany .
IntwospecificcasestheCommission hascommenced official
proceedings againsttheGermanauthorities ,afterraisingtwo
comparable casesin1990.Differences ofopinionsubsistinall
thesecases.TheCommission alsoconsidersthattheGermanhuntinglegis­
lationremainsincompatible withmanyoftherequirements of
Directive 79/409/EEC(protection ofbirds),eventhough
judgmenttothiseffectwasgivenbytheCourtofJusticein
1990,andithasnotbeeninformedofanymeasurestocomply
withtheCourt'sjudgments inCases412/85and288/88(given
on17September 1987and3July1990respectively )declaring
severalGermanprovisions incompatible withDirective
79/409/EEC.TheCommission hasbeenincontactwiththeGermanauth­
oritiesonanumberofcaseswherewastehasbeentransported
tootherMemberStatesinviolationofCommunity rules.One
ofthesecasesbeganwithacomplaint fromtheEnvironment
MinistryofanotherMemberState.Germanyhasnowannounced measurestocomplywiththe
judgments givenon-3QMay1991inCasesC-361/88and
C-59/89regardingDirectives 80/779/EEConairpollutionby
S02andparticulates and82/884/EEConleadpollution . ThecurrentsituationderivesfromthefactthatGermanlegis­
lationdoesnotdefinewasteinthesamewayasCommunity
law;intheCommission 'sopinionseveralprovisions areoutof
linewithDirectivesadoptedunanimously bytheCouncilfrom
1975onwards .TheCommission hascommenced infringement
proceedings forincompatibility ofGermanlawonwastewith
Community law.Germanlegislation wasdeveloping inparallelwiththeprep­
arationofDirectives 90/219/EECand90/220/EECongen­
eticallymodifiedorganisms ,buttheCommission foundthat
someoftheGermanprovisions divergedfromtheCommunity
rules.
InwatermatterstheCommission hasreceivedalargenumber
ofcomplaints aboutthequalityofdrinkingwater,especially in
thesouthernpartsofthecountry .Maximum permissible
concentrations ,inparticular ofnitratesandpesticides ,are
regularlyexceeded,contrarytoDirective 80/778/EEC.TheInFebruary1990Germanyadoptedfederallegislation trans­
posingDirective 85/337/EEConenvironmental impact
assessment .ItcameintoforceinAugust1990,twoyearsafter

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/153
Commission regretsGermany'sfrequentfailuretorespondtoits
requestsfornotification ofdrinkingwateranalysesinthose
areasingoodtime,ifatall.Thepracticalapplication ofthewaterDirectives leavesmuchto
bedesired.Industrial wastewatercontaining dangerous
substances listedinDirective 76/464/EECisalltoooften
discharged intothesea.
Theparameters ofDirective76/160/EEC(bathingwaters)are
notalltestedorinspected ,andthefrequencyofmeasurements
atbathingplacesiscommonly insufficient .IntheeasternLander,Germany willnotbeabletomeet
thequalityobjectives ofthedrinkingwaterDirective by
31December 1991,asrequiredbyArticle7ofDirective
90/656/EEC.ThedrinkingwaterDirectivewillnotinfactbe
fullyappliedthroughout theeasternpartsofthecountrybefore
theendof1995.
TheGreekauthorities havenotnotifiedtheCommission of
mandatory measuresdesignating fishandshellfishwaters
(Directives 78/659/EECand79/923/EEC),thoughthe
implementation reportfor1990referredto47designations of
shellfishwaters,16ofcarpwatersand9ofsalmonwaters.Nor
aretherequirements ofDirectives 75/440/EEC(surfacewater)
and80/68/EEC(groundwater )metinmanycases.Thedesignation offishandshellfishwaters(Directives
78/659/EECand79/923/EEC)hasstillnotbeenmadeinthe
formofmandatory legalinstruments enjoyingadequate
publicity .Programmes requiredbyArticle5ofeachofthetwo
Directives haveapparently notbeenprepared .TheCommission
observesthesameshortcomings inrelationtoDirective
76/464/EEC:theprogrammes forthereductionofpollutionby
dangerous substances requiredbyArticle7arestillmissing . Mostproblemsofairpollutionareconcentrated in-theAthens
area,wherethelimitvaluesofDirective 80/779/EECare
regularlyexceeded .Themeasuresannounced bytheGreek
authorities havesofardonelittletoimprovethesituation .
Greece
TransposalWasteelimination plansarestillmissing,andGreecehasa
seriousshortageofwaste-disposal facilities .Therearefrequent
complaints aboutunauthorized orunchecked dumps.
Thenumberofnatureconservation areasdesignated under
Directive 79/409/EECasregardswildbirds(26,sofar)still
appearsinadequate ,andtheconservation measurestobetaken
inmostoftheseareasarestillawaited .TheGreekauthorities arenowtransposing Directives quicker
thaninthepast,buttheyarestillnotmanagingtomakeallthe
requisitenotifications withintheprescribed timelimits.They
havenotifiedmeasuresimplementing onlytwooftheDirectives
tobeimplemented in1991—Directives 88/180/EECand
88/181/EECamending Directive 84/538/EEConthesound
powerleveloflanwmowers .
Implementation ofDirective85/337/EEC(impactassessment )is
stillinitsinfancy,astheDirectivewasnottransposed until
1990.Buttherehavealreadybeenseveralcomplaints thatthe
Directive isnotbeingproperlyapplied . Conformity withCommunity law
SpainThenumberofproceedings inhandagainstGreeceforincorrect
transposal isquitelowinproportion tothetotalnumberof
Directives .
Latetransposal
Greececommonly transposesthetextoftheDirective—both
ArticlesandAnnexes—intoGreeklawintheform,generally ,
ofaPresidential DecreeoraMinisterial Order.Anexception
wasDirective85/337/EEC(impactassessment),whichwasnot
entirelytransposed inproperform.TheeffortofSpanishauthorities toimplement EECenviron­
mentalDirectives hasbeenquiteremarkable inrecentyears,
giventheexistenceofmultipleautonomous administrations with
legislative competences inthisfield.Thereare,however,
significant deficiencies inthetransposition ofsomeDirectives
regardingtheapplication oftheprinciplesofgoodlaboratory
practicefortestsonchemical substances (Directive
87/18/EEC);theclassification ,packaging andlabellingof
dangerous substances (Directive90/517/EEC);thecontrolof
airpollution fromnewmunicipal wasteincinerator plants
(Directives 89/369/EECand89/429/EEC);thequalitylimit
valuesandguidevaluesforsulphurdioxideandsuspended
particulates (Directive 89/427/EEC);thepermissible sound
powerleveloflawnmowers (Directive 88/180/EEC);andthe
contained useanddeliberate releaseintotheenvironment ofEffectiveapplication
Mostoftheproblemsthatariseconcernthepractical
application ofDirectivesandflowfromtheinadequacy oflocal
andregionalinfrastructures (samplingfacilities,laboratories ,
qualifiedstaff).

NoC250/154 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
genetically modifiedmicro-organisms (Directives 90/219/EEC
and90/220/EEC).impactassessment ,water,wasteandairissues.Quitemanynew
complaints relatetodevelopment projectswhichhavebeen
authorized withouttherequiredenvironmental impact
assessment asrequiredbyDirective 85/337/EEC.
Thedispersion oflegislative andadministrative competences
andtheconsequent lackofamorecentralized coordination of
environmental mattersappeartobethemainreasonbehindthe
currentdelaysintheimplementation ofEECDirectives ,ashas
beenrepeatedly recognized bytheSpanishauthorities .Anotherseriousdeficiency intheSpanishimplementation of
EECenvironmental Directives isthedelayinthepresentation of
implementation reports,particularly thoserequiredbythe
Directives onwaste,water(noreportsonshellfishwaters;
incomplete reportonfishwaters;butsatisfactory reporton
bathingwaters)andair.Thisdeficiencyseeminglycorresponds
tothelackofexistinginformation andinsufficient adminis­
trativeresourcesforthepreparation ofthoseplans.Partialconformity
Mostofthedeficiencies oftheSpanishlegislation indicatedin
lastyear'sreporthavenotyetbeencorrected .Aswasstatedin
thatreport,theSpanishimplementing legislation inthenature,
waterandwastesectorsdoesnotfullycomplywithallthe
requirements ofEEClegislation .France
Latetransposal
Inthewatersector,whilesomeexistingdifferences between
Directive 76/464/EECondangerous substances andthe
Spanishlegislation appeartohavebeenresolved,thepartial
conformity oftheSpanishlegislation ongroundwater (Directive
80/68/EEC)stillsubsists .SeveralDirectives weretransposed in1991,amongthem
Directives 89/369/EECand89/429/EEConmunicipalwaste
incinerators .
AsforthewasteDirectives ,andparticulary toxicwaste
(Directive78/319/EEC),theSpanishlegislation hasnotsetup
thenecessaryregulatory andadministrative framework forthe
effectivecontrolofhazardous wastes .TheCommission hassofarreceivednonotification ofmeasures
transposing Directive88/490/EEC,amendingforthetenthtime
Directive67/458/EEC(classification ,packaging andlabelling
ofdangerous substances),whichwastobetransposed by
1January1990;Directive90/517/EEC(11thamendment ),or
Directives 90/219/EECand90/220/EECongenetically
modifiedorganisms ,whichweretobetransposed by23October
1991.Furthermore ,someofthedelaysincludedintheSpanishrules
havenocorrelation withtheprovisions oftheDirectives .
Conformity withCommunity lawThisverysameissuehasarisenquiteofteninrelationtoother
environmental Directives ;theDirectiveonthesupervision and
controloftheshipmentofhazardouswastewithintheEuropean
Community (Directive84/631/EEC)isthemostrecentcasein
point.
Francehascontinued itsendeavours toreplaceadministrative
circularsimplementing thewaterDirectives bydecreesand
ordersthatprovidetheclarityandcertaintyinthelawneeded
forpropertransposition .Butthepracticeofusingcircularshas
notcompletely diedout.InOctobertheCourtofJusticegave
judgment againstFranceforusingcircularstotranspose
Directives 80/779/EEC(airquality),82/884/EEC(air
pollutionbylead)and85/203/EEC(nitrogendioxide).Tothe
Commission 'sknowledge thedecreeswhichtheFrenchauth­
oritiesweretoissuebythemiddleof1991havestillnotcome
out.Environmental impactassessment remainsasanotherimportant
fieldinwhichthedifferences betweenEEClegislation
(Directive85/337/EEC)andtheSpanishprovisions stillsubsists .
ThelackofanyreferenceintheSpanishtextstomostofthe
projectsofAnnexIItotheDirectivewasalreadyemphasized in
lastyear'sreport.Despitetheinitiationofinfringement
proceedings againstSpain,thedeficiency hasnotbeen
corrected .
TherearestillafewcasesofincorrecttransposalofDirectives
onwaterandnatureconservation .Directives 85/337/EEC
(impactassessment )and80/68/EEC(groundwater )havenot
yetbeenincorporated inFrenchlaw.Effectiveapplication
Intheprevioustwosections—lackofnotifications and
incomplete transposition —Spanishperformance hassomewhat
improvedinrecentyears.Incontrast,theinadequate application
ofenvironmental Directives appearsasoneofthemost
important deficiencies stilltobecorrected .Theincreasing
numberofenvironmental complaints fromSpaininthelastyear
isanobjectiveindicatorofthedepthoftheproblem .
Thecomplaints makereferencetoallareasandaregeneralized
inalltheregionsofthecountry .Theymostlyinvolvenature,Effectiveapplication
Thelimitvaluesestablished forpollutionofdrinkingwaterby
Directive 80/778/EECarestillregularlyexceeded,notably
wherenitratesandpesticidesareconcerned .

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/155
TheCommission iswaitingfortheFrenchauthorities tostepup
theireffortstoseethatseasideandinlandbathingwaters
complywiththemandatory standards setbyDirective
76/160/EEC.Thegeneralleveloffishwaterdesignations is
alsogeographically imbalanced ,withnodesignations in15of
the22EuropeanregionsofFrance(78/659/EEC).others:Directives 85/337/EEC(impactassessment),
75/442/EEC(waste),78/319/EEC(toxicandhazardous
waste),80/68/EEC(groundwater ),76/464/EEC(dangerous
substances),79/923/EEC(shellfishwaters),and79/409/EEC
(wildbirds).Proceedings underArticle169arerunningin
respectofallofthese.
Practicalimplementation TheCommission iscontinuing toreceivecomplaints about
waterpollutionbydangerous substances ,whichsuggeststhe
possibleabsenceofgenuineprogrammes toreducepollution ,
requiredbyArticle7ofDirective76/464/EEC.Inthewatersector,anincreasingnumberofcomplaints callinto
questionpracticalimplementation ofthegroundwater Directive
(80/68/EEC).Thelackofaproperstatutoryframework isa
majorfactorinhampering suchimplementation .Investigation of
severalcomplaints suggeststhatthebathingwaterDirective
(76/160/EEC)isnotappliedtoenoughwaters.Franceseemstobehavingdifficulties inmeetingitsobligations
todrawupprogrammes andreportsontheimplementation of
Directives ,notablyDirectives 86/278/EEC(sewagesludge)and
85/339/EEC(containers ofliquidsforhumanconsumption ).
Thereisevidencethatthenumberofdesignations underthe
shellfishwaterDirective (79/923/EEC)isinadequate ,andmore
workappearstobenecessary onclassification andaction
planningunderthesurfacewaterDirective (75/440/EEC).A
significant numberofwatersuppliesdonotcomplywiththe
drinkingwaterDirective (80/778/EEC),althoughextensive
remedialandotherworksseemtobeunderway.Increasingly ,
implementation ofthedangerous substances Directive
(76/464/EEC)iscomingintoquestion (lackofprogrammes ,
deficiencies intheauthorization system).Inthenatureconservation areatheCommission isstillreceiving
verymanycomplaints regarding theapplication ofDirective
79/409/EEC,allegingdamagetohabitatsanddisruption to
bird-lifethereorthemaintenance ofhuntingpracticescontrary
totheDirective .In1991thedisappearance oflargeareasof
naturallandscapewithexceptional ecological richescontinued ;
theMaraisPoitevin(marshlands tothenorthofLaRochelle)is
acaseinpoint.Butseveralareasweredesignated forspecial
protection inthecourseoftheyear,andthiswouldindicate
thattheFrenchauthorities aregoingseriouslyaboutthe
businessofimplementing Article4oftheDirective .The
Commission keenlyhopesthattheprocesswillcontinueandwill
besupported bytheannouncement ofspecialconservation
measuresinthedesignated areas.ThesuccessofIrishmeasuresadoptedin1990todealwith
pollutionoftheairappearstoindicateasatisfactory responseto
themanycomplaints madetotheCommission since1987onair
qualityinDublin(Directive 80/779/EEC).Itisregrettable that
noprogramme yetseemstohavebeenadoptedunderthelarge
combustion plantsDirective (88/609/EEC).Thenumberofcomplaints forinfringement ofDirective
85/337/EECisrisingconstantly .Manyofthemalsoconcern
infringements ofDirective79/409/EECandarisefrommajor
transportinfrastructure projectsthatcanhavetheeffectof
damagingordestroying thehabitatsofwildbirdspecies.Irishimplementation ofCommunity rulesonwastegivesserious
causefordissatisfaction ,largelyasaresultoftheinadequacy of
thestatutoryframework .Inparticular ,therequirements asto
makingwasteplansandissuingpermitsunderthewaste
Directive (75/442/EEC)andtoxicwasteDirective
(78/319/EEC)arenotfullyrespected .Inaddition,thefirst
programme sentundertheliquidcontainers Directive
(85/339/EEC)provedtobedeficient .TheCommission is
runninganumberofproceedings underArticle169.Ireland
Latetransposal
Onnatureconservation ,Irelandcontinues tofallshortofthe
requirements ofthewildbirdsDirective (79/409/EEC)in
regardtothenumberofhabitatsithasdesignated ,anda
worryingnumberofcomplaints suggestthreatstoparticular
habitats .Theproblemoflatetransposal ofenvironmental Directives
persistedin1991,withnomeasurescommunicated foranyof
theDirectives whichcameintooperationduringtheyear
(Directives 88/180/EECand88/181/EEConlawnmowers ,
90/517/EEConchemical substances ,90/219/EECand
90/220/EECongenetically modifiedorganisms).Furthermore ,
severalDirectives whichwereduetobetransposed inprevious
yearsstillawaitlegislation ,forexampleDirectives 87/101/EEC
(wasteoils)and86/278/EEC(sewagesludge). Italy
Latetransposal
Partialconformity
Italytransposes Community Directives inenvironmental asin
othermattersbytheannualCommunity law.Legislative decrees
maynowbeissuedeachyearbyasimplifiedprocedure to
facilitatethetransposal ofDirectives .Lackofconformity ofIrishlegislationwithseveralimportant
environmental Directives remained aproblem in1991.
Significant flawsexistinrelationtothefollowing,among

NoC250/156 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
Inthecourseof1992thefollowingDirectives ,amongothers,
aretobetransposed :Directives 75/464/EEC,82/176/EEC,
83/513/EEC,84/156/EEC,84/491/EEC,88/347/EECand
90/415/EECondangerous substances inwater;87/217/EEC
onasbestos;87/219/EEConthesulphurcontentofliquidfuels;
87/416/EEContheleadcontentofpetrol;78/659/EECon
protection offishwaters;79/923/EEConshellfishwaters;
80/68/EECongroundwater ;87/101/EECondisposalofwaste
oils;and85/211/EEContheconservation ofthreatened
species.
Itmust,however,beemphasized thatalegislativeprogramme
hasbeenannounced ,nothingmore.
Transposal iseffectedbyaseriesofnational (central
government )measuresthatconferpowersonvariousnational
andregionalauthorities ,especiallythelatter.Thereisa
manifestneedforbetterinformation onthesematterstogivea
clearerpictureofthelegalsituationatalllevels.
Partialconformity
Thefailuretotranspose Directive 76/464/EECproperly,
alreadymentioned ,illustratestheproblem .Othernoteworthy
casesincludethebathingwatersDirective (76/160/EEC)and
theimpactassessment Directive (85/337/EEC),AnnexIIto
whichremainsalmostwhollyuntransposed .Infringement
proceedings areaccordingly inhand.
Infringement proceedings arealsounderwayintheimportant
matteroffailuretocomplywithprovisionsrequiringplansand
programmes tobepresented (wasteandwater).
Effectiveapplication
Complaints relatingtoItalycoveralltheareastowhich
environmental Directives extend.Themostdelicatearearemains
theimpactassessment Directive (85/337/EEC).Itisfollowed
byconservation ofwildbirds(79/409/EEC)andthewaste
Directives (75/442/EECand78/319/EEC).
Oneinterestingpointisthatseveralofthesecomplaints were
filedbyMembersoftheEuropeanParliament ,andthataction
isoftenalsotakenintheItalianCourts.Suchdelaysdonotoccurineverycase,however,since
Directives 88/180/EECand88/181/EECamending Directive
84/538/EEC(permissible soundpowerleveloflawnmowers )
wereimplemented byaGrand-Ducal Regulation of5March
1990,whereasthedeadlinefortransposalwasonly1July1991.
Lastly,Directive90/517/EECadaptingtotechnicalprogress,
forthe11thtime,Directive 67/548/EEC(classification ,
packaging andlabellingofdangerous substances )was
transposed byaGrand-Ducal Regulation of23July1991.
Partialconformity
Luxembourg transposes theCommunity Directives faithfully
and,wherepossible,literally.Thefewdiscrepancies arisefrom
errorsofinterpretation .
Ontheotherhand,transposal maypresentproblemswhenan
existinglegaltexthastobeamendedinlinewithaDirective .
Oneexampleofthishasbeenthedifficultyoftransposing into
Luxembourg lawDirective85/337/EEC(assessment ofenviron­
mentalimpact).
Lastly,theprovisions relatingtosampling inDirective
76/160/EEC(bathingwater)havenotbeensatisfactorily
transposed ineverycase.
Effectiveapplication
Luxembourg hasfailedtoprovidethereportsrequiredby
variousDirectives ,particularly thoserelatingtowaste.The
Commission wastherefore obligedtoinitiateinfringement
proceedings in1991.
Inthefieldofnatureconservation ,Luxembourg shouldincrease
thenumberofspecialprotection zonesprovidedforinArticle4
ofDirective79/409/EEC(wildbirds).Sevenareassuitablefor
theconservation ofbirdsarenowbeingconsidered for
designation .
Asregardswaterstandards ,Luxembourg doesnotcorrectly
applyDirective80/778/EEC(qualityofdrinkingwater)since
severaldistrictscontinuetoreceivedrinkingwaterinwhichthe
nitrateconcentration exceeds50mg/1,themaximumpermissible
concentration setbytheDirective .
TheCommission hasstillnotreceivedfromtheLuxembourg
authorities anypreciseinformation ontheimplementation of
Directives 75/440/EEC(qualityofsurfacewaterintendedfor
theabstraction ofdrinkingwater)and79/869/EEC
(measurement andsamplingofsuchsurfacewater),andin
particulartheprovisionsrelatingtothesystematic planof
action,thefrequencies ofsamplingandanalysisandthescope
forderogations .
Lastly,theLuxembourg authorities havenotsentthe
Commission theprogrammes whichtheyweretodrawupfor
thereduction ofwaterpollutionfromcertaindangerous
substances (listedinAnnexIItoDirective 76/464/EEC)
discharged intotheaquaticenvironment .
Generally speaking,theproblems whichLuxembourg
encounters inimplementing theCommunity 'sDirectivesonthe
environment wouldseemtobemainlyattributable toitslimited
administrative infrastructure (itisthesmallestMemberState).Luxembourg
Latetransposal
Luxembourg ishavingrealdifficultyintransposing certain
Directiveswithintheprescribedperiods.
ThefactthatthesolejudgmentwhichtheCourtofJusticegave
againstitonenvironmental mattersin1991(judgmentof24
July1991,CaseC-252/89)relatedtoitsfailuretotranspose
Directive 85/339/EEC(containers ofliquidsforhuman
consumption )issignificant .
Luxembourg hasalsofailedtonotifywithintheprescribed
periodlegislation implementing Directives 90/219/EEC
(containeduseofgeneticallymodifiedmicro-organisms )and
90/220/EEC(deliberatereleaseintotheenvironment ofgene­
ticallymodifiedorganisms).

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/157
Netherlands
Latetransposal
TheNetherlands authorities notified theCommission of
measures implementing louroftheDirectives whichthe
Netherlands wastotranspose in1991—Directives
90/219/EECand90/220/EEC(contained useanddeliberate
releaseofgenetically modifiedorganisms ,respectively )and
Directives 88/180/EECand88/181/EECamending Directive
84/538/EEC(permissible soundpowerleveloflawnmowers ).non-compliance withDirective 85/337/EEC(impact
assessment )inconnection withroadbuilding andother
infrastructure projects .
Asregardswaterpollution ,mentionshouldbemadeofthe
failuretoproducetheimprovement plansrequiredbyDirective
76/464/EEC(dangerous substances intheaquatic
environment ).Moreover ,themaximum permissible concen­
trationssetbytheDirectivesondrinkingwaterarestillbeing
exceeded,particularly inthecaseofpesticides .
Lastly,infringement proceedings havebeeninitiatedforthe
Netherlands 'failuretodesignateasufficientnumberofspecial
protection areasunderDirective79/409/EEC(wildbirds). Ontheotherhand,theNetherlands islateintransposing
Directive90/517/EEC,amendingforthe11thtimeDirective
67/548/EEC(classification ,packaging andlabelling of
dangerous substances ).
Lastly,Directive80/68/EEC(groundwater ),alreadymentioned
bytheCommission inits1990report,hasstillnotbeen
transposed intoDutchlawdespiteajudgmentbytheCourtof
Justicein1988.TheLozingenBesluitBodembescheming (Order
onprotection againstwaste)enteredintoforceinJuly1990,but
theCommission hasreceivednoinformation regardingchanges
tothelawgoverning groundwater noranyoftheother
instruments needed .
Partialconformity
Asregardswaterprotection ,theCommission informedthe
Netherlands authorities thatDirectives 80/778/EEC(drinking
water),76/160/EEC(bathingwater),79/869/EECand
85/440/EEC(surfacewater)hadnotbeentransposed ina
satisfactory manner .,Portugal
Latetransposal
WhenPortugaljoinedtheCommunity ,itfacedtheconsiderable
taskofincorporating theenvironment Directives intonational
law.TheCommission acknowledges thatPortugalhasdone
muchtoachievethisobjective .Forexample,ithasalready
notifiedaframework lawtoimplement Directive76/160/EEC
(bathingwater),theonlyDirectiveforwhichthetransitional
periodhasnotyetcometoanend.
Ontheotherhand,oftheenvironment Directives whichwere
tobetransposed in1991atthelatest,onlythreeappeartohave
passedintoPortuguese law.
Portugal hasnotifiedmeasures transposing Directives
88/180/EECand88/181/EECamending Directive
84/538/EEC(permissible soundpowerleveloflawnmowers )
andDirective 89/427/EECamending Directive 80/779/EEC
(airqualityvaluesforsulphurdioxideandsuspended
particulates ).
Ontheotherhand,Portugalislateincommunicating measures
totranspose Directives 90/219/EECand90/220/EEC
(contained useanddeliberate releaseofgenetically modified
organisms ,respectively )andDirective 90/517/EECamending
forthe11thtimeDirective 67/548/EEC(classification ,
packaging andlabellingofdangerous substances ).Asregardsairpollution,theNetherlands hassofarissuedonly
acirculartotranspose Directives 89/369/EECand
89/429/EEC(municipalwaste-incineration plants).
TheNetherlands hasalsofailedtoensurethecorrector
completetransposalofDirectives 82/501/EEC(major-accident
hazardsofcertainindustrial activities),85/337/EEC(impact
assessment )and79/409/EEC(wildbirds),despitetheCourt's
rulingin1987.
Partialconformity
Thepreferredinstruments forthetransposal ofenvironmental
Directives arethelawandthedecree-law ,whichoftenhaveto
besupplemented bya'portaria'(implementing order).Inthe
absenceofthelatter,problemssometimes arise.
Asregardsairpollution ,Portugalnotifiedaframework law
designedtotransposemostoftheDirectivesconcerned intheir
entirety.Thelimitvaluesandguidevalueshavestilltobelaid
downbyportaria,however .Sincetheframework lawhas
repealedtheexistinglegislation ,theCommission notesthat
thereisnowalegalvacuum .
Asregardswaterpollution ,Portugal hasnotifiedthe
Commission ofanotherframework lawwhichtransposes alltheEffectiveapplication
Effectiveapplication isdifficulttoassesswithanyaccuracy
sincefewcomplaints arereceivedbytheCommission andthe
reportsontheimplementation oftheDirectivesareofavery
generalnature.
Forinstance,theNetherlands hasnotfullymetitsobligation to
providethereportsrequiredbyDirectives 75/442/EEC(waste),
78/319/EEC(toxicanddangerous waste),76/403/EEC(PCBs
andPCTs)or84/631/EEC(transfrontier shipment of
hazardous waste).
TheCommission hasreceivedcomplaints concerning ,in
particular ,thelackofadequateprotectionforgreenareasand

NoC250/158 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
UnitedKingdom
transposalenvironmental Directives .Although limitvaluesandguide
valueshavebeenlaiddown,Portugalhasnotdesignated the
areasinwhichthesevalueswillapply.Ontheotherhanditis
alreadytransmitting information onbathingwatersalthoughit
isnotyetlegallyboundtodoso.
Inotherspheressuchasnoisepollution,Portugalhasmerely
madereferencetoaDirectivewithouttransposing itsprovisions .
TheCommission regardsthistechnique asunacceptable since
personssubjecttothelawarenotclearlyinformedoftheir
rightsandobligations .
Lastly,Directive 85/337/EEChasstillnotbeenproperly
transposed intoPortuguese law.Certainroadinfrastructure
projectsinteraliaareexcludedfromthescopeofthe
Portuguese legislation ,attheverytimewhenthePortuguese
authorities areplanningtorenewmuchofthecountry'sroad
network .Notransposing legislation hasbeennotifiedinrespectofthe
followingDirectives :90/219/EECand90/220/EEC(contained
useofgenetically anddeliberatereleaseofgenetically modified
organisms ,respectively );88/180/EECand88/181/EEC
amending Directive 84/538/EEC(permissible soundpower
leveloflawnmowers );and90/517/EECadaptingtotechnical
progressforthe11thtimeDirective67/548/EEC(classification ,
packaging andlabellingofdangerous substances ).
Partialconformity
Thereremainrelativelysignificantfailuresintheobligationfully
totransposeDirectives .Forexample,thefollowingDirectives
havenotbeenadequately transposed ;Directives 85/337/EEC
(impactassessment),85/203/EEC(nitrogen dioxide),
84/360/EEC(adaptation ofexistingplantstothebestavailable
technologies ),79/409/EEC(wildbirds),76/464/EEC
(dangerous substances intheaquaticenvironment ),and
80/778/EEC(drinkingwater).Infringement proceedings have
beencommenced inrespectofeachofthese.
Practicalimplementation
Inthewatersector,seriousproblemsexistwithregardtothe
implementation ofDirectives 76/160/EEC(bathingwater)and
80/778/EEC(drinkingwater).Theimplementation ofDirective
76/464/EEC(certaindangerous substances discharged intothe
aquaticenvironment )isalsothesubjectofinfringement
proceedings .Effectiveapplication
Thelackofeffectiveapplication isthemainproblemfacingthe
implementation oftheCommunity Directives inPortugal .The
situationislargelyattributable totheabsenceofsatisfactory
infrastructures butisslowlyimproving thankstoaidfromthe
Structural FundsandotherEECfinancialinstruments .
Problems areencountered inallsectors .
Asregardsairpollution,theCommission isreceivingan
increasingnumberofcomplaints concerning industrialpollution
inresidential areas,oftenasaresultofbadplanning .Thenew
lawontownandcountryplanningshouldmakeitpossibleto
avoidthistypeofprobleminfuture,however .
Asregardswaterpollution,unsatisfactory implementation of
Directive 76/464/EEC(dangerous substances intheaquatic
environment )isgivingrisetoseriousproblems ,particularly
whererivershavebeenpollutedbythetextileindustry .The
inadequacy ofclean-upprogrammes outsidepriorityareassuch
astheAveandthosecoveredbytheEnviregprogramme
(districtwastewatersystemsincoastalareas)issignificant in
thiscontext .
Neitherthemethodsofwastedisposalnorthemanagement of
municipal dumpsyetseemtocomplywithDirective
75/442/EEC.
Thefirstprogramme concerning containers ofliquidsfor
humanconsumption doesnotsatisfytherequirements of
Directive85/339/EEC.ThePortugeseauthorities havenotified
anewprogramme forthebeginningofnextyear.
AlthoughinsomesectorssuchastourismPortugalseemstobe
increasingly awareoftheimportance ofnatureconservancy ,the
incorrecttransposal ofDirective 85/337/EEC(environmental
impactassessment )isseriouslyhampering progress .
Lastly,Portugalisencountering difficulties inproducing the
implementation reportsrequiredbyDirectives 75/442/EEC
(waste),76/402/EEC(PCBsandPCTs),84/631/EEC(trans­
frontiershipmentofhazardous waste),79/409/EEC(wild
birds)and78/659/EEC(freshwaterforfish-farming ).WithregardtothebathingwaterDirective,CaseC-56/90
concerning thequalityofthebathingwatersatBlackpool ,
FormbyandSouthport isbeforetheCourtofJustice.In
addition,infringement proceedings forfailuretocomplywith
therequirements oftheDirectivehavebeencommenced .About
100UnitedKingdombathingwatershavestilltobedesignated .
CaseC-337/89concerning thelackofbindingprovisionstrans­
posingDirective 80/778/EEC(drinkingwater)inNorthern
Ireland,andthelevelsofleadandnitratesinUnitedKingdom
drinkingwaterisbeforetheCourtofJustice.TheCommission
hasalsocommenced proceedings concerning ,moregenerally,
thequalityofUnitedKingdom drinkingwaterandthe
provisions transposing theDirectiveintheUnitedKingdom .In
particular ,theCommission isconcerned thattheUnited
KingdomGovernment hasauthorized thegrantingtowater
companies ofderogations fromtheprovisions oftheDirective .
WithregardtoDirective76/464/EEC(dangerous substances),
theCommission hascommenced infringement proceedings in
respectoffailuretoestablishallnecessary programmes to
reducethepollutionofinlandsurfacewater,territorialwaters,
internalcoastalwatersandgroundwaterinaccordance with
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28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/159
effectiveenvironment protectionandsustainable management of
naturalresources .Asignificant proportion ofthecomplaints receivedthisyear
concerned impactassessment .TheCommission commenced
proceedings concerning thetransposition ofDirective
85/337/EEConenvironmental impactassessment andits
implementation inspecificcases.Thissetofproceedings ,
combinedwiththosepreviously initiated,shouldresolvesome
important issues,forexample,thequestionwhetherthe
Directiveappliestoallprojectsinrespectofwhichdevelopment
consentwasgrantedafter3July1988,astheCommission
argues,orwhetheritappliesonlytoprojectsinrespectofwhich
application fordevelopment consentwasmadeafterthecoming
intoforceofnationaltransposing legislation ,astheUnited
Kingdomargues.Latetransposal
Ofthesixenvironmental Directives whichcameintoforcein
1991,onlyonewasconcerned withthequalityofair.Thiswas
Directive89/427/EECamendingDirective80/779/EEConair
qualitylimitvaluesandguidevaluesforsulphurdioxideand
suspendedparticulates .Directive80/779/EECprovidesthatthe
MemberStateshaveacertaindiscretion astowhichmethodof
samplingandanalysistheyuse.Directive89/427/EECamends
AnnexIVofDirective 80/779/EEC,whichsetsoutthelimit
valuesapplicablewhenthegravimetric methodofsamplingand
analysishasbeenchosen.Therefore ,MemberStatessuchas
Belgium,Luxembourg ,theNetherlands ,theUnitedKingdom ,
Irelandand,possibly,Greecewhichdonotusethegravimetric
method,didnothavetointroduceanymeasurestotranspose
Directive 89/427/EEC.Denmark informed theCommission
thatitspresentlegislation alreadycomplieswiththenew
Directive,butPortugal istheonlyotherMemberState
concerned thatnotifiedimplementation measures tothe
Commission .Intheairsector,infringement proceedings havebeen
commenced inrespectofthefailurebytheUnitedKingdomto
establishsufficientmeasuring stationstoensurecompliance with
Directive 85/203/EEConairqualitystandardsfornitrogen
dioxide,andinrespectofinadequate transposition ofthe
Directive .
Inthenaturesector,thegeneralproblemofinsufficient desig­
nationofspecialprotection areasremains .Inthiscontext,the
Commission hasdecidedtobringbeforetheCourtofJusticea
caseconcerning thenon-designation ofspecialprotection areas
forcertainspeciesofbirdlistedinAnnexItoDirective
79/409/EEContheconservation ofwildbirds,andprovisions
intheWildlifeandCountryside Act1981whichprovide,
contrarytotheDirective ,foralicensingsystemwherebycertain
birdscanbekilledortakenatalltimes.Partialconformity
InCasesC-361/88andC-59/89,theCourtofJusticegave
judgment againstGermany inMay1991forhavinginade­
quatelytransposed (bycircularsandadministrative measures
only)Directives 80/779/EEC(sulphurdioxideandsuspended
particulates )and82/884/EEC(lead).TheGermanGovernment
hasnowannounced thatitwillintroducelegislativetransposing
measures . Inthewastesector,aconcernfrequently raisedincomplaints
andotherwise hasbeenthepollutionofwater,inparticular
groundwater ,byvariouswastes.TheCommission isassessing
thesituation .InCasesC-64/90,C-13/90andC-14/90,theCourtgave
judgmentagainstFranceinOctober1991forhavinginade­
quatelytransposed (bycircularonly)Directives 80/779/EECon
airqualitylimitvaluesandguidevaluesforsulphurdioxideand
suspended particulates ,82/884/EEConalimitvalueforleadin
theair,and85/203/EEConairqualitystandardsfornitrogen
dioxide .III.THESITUATION SECTOR BYSECTOR
Air
MeasuresadoptedbyCouncilandCommission in1991 SomeMemberStateshavestillonlypartiallytransposed
Directives 89/369/EEContheprevention ofairpollutionfrom
newmunicipal wasteincineration plantsand89/429/EECon
thereductionofairpollutionfromexistingmunicipalwaste­
incineration plants.CouncilRegulation (EEC)No594/91onsubstances that
depletetheozonelayerwasadoptedon4March(').Itapplies
totheimport,export,production andconsumption ofchloro­
fluorocarbons ,otherfullyhalogenated chlorofluorocarbons ,
halons,carbontetrachloride ,1.1.1-trichloroethane ,andtothe
reportingofdataonthesesubstances andontransitional
substances .Effectiveapplication
Theimplementation ofDirective 80/779/EEConairquality
limitvaluesandguidevaluesforsulphurdioxideandsuspended
particulates continuestoposedifficulties .Themeasurestakenin
Athens,forexample,havenotledtoaperceptible improvement
inthesituation .ButprogresshasbeenmadeinIrelandwhere,in
1990,theauthorities adoptedcertainmeasuresinresponseto
themanycomplaints madetotheCommission since1987about
thequalityofairinDublin.Theseappeartobedealingsatisfac­
torilywiththemattersraisedinthecomplaints .
OnlyaminorityoftheMemberStateshavenotifiedthe
Commission oftheprogrammes requiredbyArticle3ofFurthertotheCommunity 'sdecisionofOctober1990to
stabilizecarbondioxideemissionsattheir1990levelbytheyear
2000,inSeptember theCommission adoptedacommunication
totheCouncilonaCommunity strategytolimitcarbondioxide
emissionsandtoimproveenergyefficiency .Depending onthe
Council'sreactiontothiscommunication ,theCommission may
goontopresentlegislativeproposalswithaviewtoensuring
thattheCommunity setsanexampletotheworldasregards
(')OJNoL67,14.3.1991,p.1.

NoC250/160 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
Effectiveapplication Directive 88/609/EEConthelimitation ofemissionsofcertain
pollutantsintotheairfromlargecombustion plants.
NotonesinglereporthasbeenreceivedunderArticle16ofthat
Directive .Theadministration ofCommunity measuresonchemicals is
discussed indetailatmeetingsbetweentheCommission and
nationalexperts.Manyoftheproblems concerning the
application ofDirectives aretackledandresolvedatthese
meetings .
Directives 82/884/EEConalimitvalueforleadintheair,
85/203/EEConairqualitystandardsfornitrogendioxide,and
80/779/EEConairqualitylimitvaluesforsulphurdioxideand
suspendedparticulates allprovidethattheMemberStatesshall
informtheCommission annuallyofinstanceswheretherelevant
limitvaluesareexceeded .Foreachannualperiod,some
MemberStatesnotifysuchcasesandothersnotifya'cleanbill
ofhealth'.AsignificantnumberofMemberStates,however,fail
tonotifyanything .Complaints receivedbytheCommission aremainlyconcerned
withthefailureofmanufacturers andpublicauthorities tofulfil
theirobligations underArticles5,7and8ofDirective
82/501/EECregardinginformation andemergency plansand
theobligation tonotifytheCommission ofaccidents .
Water
ThisisnotcontrarytotheprovisionsoftheDirectives ,butit
doesmakeitdifficultfortheCommission toknowwhetherin
suchcasestherehavebeennoinstanceswherethelimitvalues
wereexceeded ,orwhethertherehavebeensuchinstances
whichhavenotbeenreported .TheCommission willtherefore
bewritingtoMemberStates,whereappropriate ,inorderto
clarifythesituation .Community legislation onwaterwasfurtherextendedin1991
withtheadoptionofDirective 91/271/EEConurbanwaste
watertreatment .TheDirective setsoutawell-defined
programme ,withaprecisetimetable ,aimedatthegradual
introduction ofappropriate systemsfortreatingurbanwaste
wateraccording tothesizeofconurbations .Directive
91/676/EECconcerning theprotection ofwatersagainst
pollution causedbynitratesfromagricultural sourceswas
adoptedin1991.Watersaretobemonitored andsensitiveareas
aretobedesignated bytheendof1993.Actionprogrammes to
reducepollutionaretobepreparedandimplemented .Itis
specifically providedthattheamountoflivestockmanure
appliedtothelandinsensitiveareasmaynotexceed170kgN
perhectareandperyear.Chemical andbiochemical substances
Latetransposal
Therearestillproblemsconcerning thetransposal byseveral
Member StatesoftheDirectives amending Directive
67/548/EEContheclassification ,packaging andlabellingof
dangerous substances ,especiallythe10thand11thamending
Directives 88/490/EECand90/517/EEC,respectively .Aseries
ofinfringement proceedings havebeeninitiatedunderArticle
169oftheEECTreaty.Latetransposal
TherehasbeenadeclineintheusebyMemberStatesofadmin­
istrativecircularstotransposeDirectives .TheCommission has
notedwithsatisfaction atrendtowardstheincorporation of
Directives intolegalinstruments whichmeanthatCommunity
lawisimplanted withgreatertransparency andcertaintyand
fullermandatory force.
PartialconformityTherehavealsobeendelaysinthetransposal ofDirective
88/610/EEC,amendingDirective 82/501/EEC,onthemajor
accidenthazardsofcertainindustrial activities .Article169
infringement proceedings havealsobeencommenced inthis
respect .
ThegreatmajorityofMemberStateshavefailedtonotifythe
Commission ofmeasurestoimplement Directives 90/219/EEC
and90/220/EEConthecontained useanddeliberatereleaseof
genetically modifiedorganisms ,althoughthedeadlinefor
transposal wasOctober1991.
ThesameappliestoDirective87/18/EECongoodlaboratory
practice.Infringement proceedings havebeeninitiated .Althoughtherehasbeenawelcomereduction intheuseof
circularstotranspose Directives ,theCommission notesthe
continued existenceofinterpreting circularswhichruncounter
toCommunity law,especiallyasregardsdrinkingwater,where
theyallowthemaximum permissible concentrations tobe
exceeded incasesotherthanthoseprovidedforinDirective
80/778/EEC.
Asregardsincorrenttransposal ,thereareparticularproblems
withDirective80/68/EEC(groundwater ),whichhasnotbeen
properlyimplemented inseveralMemberStates.Partialconformity
Themainproblemofimcomplete orincorrecttransposalinthis
fieldconcernDirective 82/501/EEConthemajoraccident
hazardsofcertainindustrial activities anditsamending
Directives ,inparticularthedivergences betweenCommunity
provisionsandcertainnationallawswhichpredatethem.Initsjudgment of28February 1991inCaseC-131/88,
Commission v.Germany,theCourtofJusticegavearulingon

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/161
mentalDirectives .TheCommission 'ssystemofquestionnaires ,
providedforbytheDirectives ,shouldhelptoimprovethe
qualityandquantityoftheinformation andstandardize
presentation .
AsregardstheDirectiveondrinkingwater(80/778/EEC),
thereisstillaproblemconcerning instanceswherethemaximum
permissible concentrations areexceeded ,especiallyfornitrates
andpesticides .
Finally,theMemberStatesmustcontinuetheireffortstobring
thequalityofallbathingwateruptothestandardslaiddownin
Directive 76/160/EEC.
TheadoptionoftheDirectiveonurbanwastewatertreatment
shouldhelpreducethepollutionofcoastalwatersandother
areasofbathingwaterinthemediumorlongterm.
Noise
Community Directives inthisfieldhavefocusedonthesetting
ofemissionlevelsfornewproducts .
Themainproblemisthedelayintransposing certainDirectives .
Directives 88/180/EECand88/181/EEC,amending Directive
84/538/EEC,ontheapproximation ofthelawsoftheMember
Statesrelatingtothepermissible soundpowerleveloflawn­
mowershavenotyetbeentransposed byGermanyorthe
UnitedKingdomorbytheFlemishRegioninBelgium .
TheCommission hasterminated theinfringement proceedings
initiatedagainstBelgiumin1990forgrantingregionalairportsa
longertimelimitthanthatlaiddowninDirective 80/51/EEC
onnoiseemissions fromsubsonicaircraft .Theunlawful extra
periodofgracehasalreadyelapsedandsuchderogations areno
longerallowedunderBelgianlegislation .theinterpretation ofseveralArticlesoftheaboveDirectiveand
howtheyshouldbeincorporated intonationallaw.
According toGround19ofthejudgment ,anationallawcan
faithfullyincorporate Article4(1)ofDirective80/68/EEConly
ifitprohibits alldirectdischarges intogroundwater ofthe
substances onListIoftheAnnextotheDirective .
Onthebasisofthisjudgment ,theCommission isnowreviewing
themeasuresadoptedbyotherMemberStatestotransposethe
Directive .Itmayhavetoinitiativeproceedings againstsomeof
themforfailingtofulfiltheirobligations .
Onthesamedayandonsimilargrounds,theCourtgave
judgmentagainstItalyinCaseC-360/87,holdingthatItalian
LawNo319of10May1976isincompatible withtheDirective
ongroundwater .Underthislawanyoneapplyingforauthoriz­
ationtodischarge substances intogroundwater isgivena
provisional authorization iftheirapplication hasnotbeen
rejectedwithinsixmonths .
Thereareproblems inthetransposal ofotherDirectivebut,
generallyspeaking ,onlyasmallnumberofMemberStatesare
involved .
AmongtheDirectives concerned arethoseonsurfacewater
(75/440/EECand79/869/EEC).TheCourtofJusticehas
givenjudgmentagainstBelgium(Judgment of11May,Case
C-290/89)andGermany (Judgment of17October,Case
C-58/89)forfailingtoimplement theseDirectivesproperly .
Effectiveapplication
Theeffectiveapplication ofCommunity lawonwaterdoesnot
measureuptotheaspirations ofthecommonpolicyonconser­
vationandqualityinthisfield.
MostoftheMemberStateshavefailedtocarryoutthe
planningworkrequiredbyvariousDirectives .
ThecaseofDirective76/464/EECondangerous substances is
symptomatic ofthisproblem :theCommission hasbeenforced
tocommence infringement proceedings againstalltheMember
Statesforfailingtonotifyitofprogrammes toreducepollution
causedby99dangeroussubstanceswhicharementioned inList
IoftheAnnextotheDirectivebuthavenotyetbeenthesubject
ofspecificCommunity legislation .
AnotherexampleisDirective75/440/EEC—onlyoneMember
State,France,hasnotifiedtheCommission ofitssystematic
plansofactionandqualityobjectivesinaccordance withArticle
4(2)oftheDirective :itdidsoforthefirsttimein1991.
ThesameappliestoDirectives 78/659/EEC(waterfor
supporting fishlife)and79/923/EEC(shellfishwaters),where
thereisalsoageneralproblemofaninsufficient numberof
designated watersorinadequate publicityofdesignation ,
thoughprogresswasmadebysomeMemberStatesin1991.
AlltheMemberStateshavesenttheirreportsonbathingwaters
(Directive76/160/EEC),butthesamecannotbesaidoffish
waters(Directive78/659/EEC)andshellfishwaters(Directive
79/923/EEC).Thisparticularproblemshouldbesolvedinthe
mediumtermbyDirective 91/692/EECharmonizing and
rationalizing reportsontheimplementation ofcertainenviron­Waste
In1991theCommission shouldhavereceivedreportsfromthe
MemberStatesontheapplication ofthefollowing waste
Directives :Directives 78/176/EEConwastefromthetitanium
dioxideindustry;84/631/EEConthesupervision andcontrol
withintheCommunity ofthetransfrontier shipment of
hazardous waste;85/339/EEConcontainers ofliquidsfor
humanconsumption and86/278/EEContheprotectionofthe
environment ,andinparticularofthesoil,whensewagesludge
isusedinagriculture .
Asinpreviousyears,mostMemberStatesfailedtofulfilthis
obligation .
On11June1991theCourtannulledDirective89/428/EECon
thegroundsthatitslegalbasewasinappropriate .
TheCommission hasaccordingly drawnupanewproposalfor
aDirectivelayingdownprocedures fortheharmonization of
programmes forthereductionandeventualelimination of
pollutioncausedbywastefromthetitaniumdioxideindustry .

NoC250/162 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 28.9.92
Latetransposal
AtotalofsevenMemberStateshavestillnottransposed
Directive 86/278/EEContheprotection oftheenvironment ,
andinparticular ofthesoil,whensewagesludgeisusedin
agriculture .AnnexesIandIIItoDirective 79/409/EEContheconservation
ofwildbirdswereamendedbyDirective 91/244/EEC.The
Commission hasalsoputforwardaproposal (COM(91)42
final)toamendAnnexII,whichwouldaddfivenewspeciesto
Part2,therebyallowingthemtobehunted .
AttheendoftheyeartheCommission decidedtopropose
wide-ranging newlegislation ontradeinwildanimalswitha
viewtoupdatingandextendingthepresentCommunity rules
fortheimplementation ofCites(Convention oninternational
tradeinendangered species).
LatetransposalPartialconformity
Therearestillproblems withtheconformity ofnational
measurestransposing theframework Directive75/442/EECand
Directives 78/319/EEContoxicanddangerous waste;
76/403/EEConPCBsandPCTs;84/631/EEConthe
shipmentofwasteand85/339/EEConcontainersofliquidsfor
humanconsumption .Monitoring theconformity ofnationallaw
withCommunity provisions isrenderedmoredifficultbythe
factthatalltheseDirectives havealreadybeenamended (for
example,theframework DirectivewasamendedbyDirective
91/156/EEC)orareintheprocessofbeingrevised .
Thismakesthepursuitofinfringement proceedings arather
delicatematterastherearedoubtsoverhowcertainpoints
shouldbehandled .Theprocessofincorporating Directive 85/337/EECinto
nationallawcontinued in1991,particulary inthesouthern
MemberStates.Luxembourg hasstillnotcompleted its
transposal ,thoughadraftregulation tothiseffecthasbeensent
totheCommission .
Partialconformity
TheCommission hasrequestedthattheframework Directive
91/156/EECbeannulledonthegroundsthatitslegalbaseis
inappropriate :the(CouncildecidedtouseArticle130srather
thanArticle100aastheCommission hadproposed .AstheCommission pointedoutintheeighthannualreport,
nationalhuntingregulations presentoneofthemainobstacles
totheincorporation ofDirective79/409/EEContheprotection
ofwildbirds.Therehasbeennosignificant changeinthe
situation,afactwhichisillustratedbythevariousinfringement
proceedings underway,includingsomeforfailuretoimplement
judgments bytheCourtofJustice.Effectiveapplication
Themainproblemsin1991werethefailurebyMemberStates
tosubmitreports,theunsatisfactory natureofplansand
programmes ,theimportantquestionofcaseswherethecross­
bordertransportofwastetakesnoaccountoftherelevant
Directiveandtheincreaseinuncontrolled disposalsites.Itisby
nomeanscertainthatwasteisbeingdisposedofinanappro­
priatemannerrespectinghumanandenvironmental constraints
throughout theCommunity asthe1975rulesrequire.Anotherproblem isthecontinued existence ofnational
provisions allowingderogations whichareincompatible withthe
Directive ,althoughtheproposed amendment toAnnexII
mentioned abovecouldbeseenasanattemptbythe
Commission tomaketheuseofderogations easier.
AswellassheddinglightonhowtheDirective'sprovisions on
designated habitatsshouldbeimplemented ,theCourt's
judgment inCaseC-57/89(referredtobelow)alsosuggested
thatthelegalprotection ofhabitatsisprobablyinadequate in
severalMember States.Nature
In1991,greatprogresswasmadeinextendingCommunity
legislationontheprotectionofnature.
InMarchtheCommission laidbeforetheCouncilaproposal
foranewDirectiveontheprotection ofnaturalandsemi­
naturalhabitatsandofwildfaunaandflora(').
Inthesecondhalfof1991,therewereintensenegotiations on
thisnewproposal,animprovedversionofaproposalput
forwardin1988,withaviewtosecuringitsadoptionunderthe
Dutchpresidency .Ifthisproposalwereadopted,itwould
considerably widentheCommunity 'sroleintheBerneand
BonnConventions andunderlinetheCommunity 'sresolveto
acknowledge andprotectitscommonnaturalheritage .Asregardsenvironmental impact,theCommission iscontinuing
toscrutinizenationalregulations andhasnotedthatmostofthe
MemberStateshavenotincorporated Directive 85/337/EECin
anentirelysatisfactory manner.Infringement proceedings have
beencommenced againsttheMemberStatesconcerned .
Effectiveapplication
On28February 1991theCourtofJusticegaveanimportant
judgment ontheprotection ofhabitatsunderDirective
79/409/EECinCaseC-57/89,Commission v.Germany . OOJNoC75,20.3.1991,p.4.

28.9.92 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoC250/163
Thecaseconcerned aparticular specialprotection area,the
Leybucht ,buttheCourttooktheopportunity toclarifyforthe
firsttimetheobligations ofMemberStateswithregardtosuch
areasandruledthatareduction inthesizeofaspecial
protection areacouldbejustifiedonlyonthegroundsofa
superiorgeneralinterest .
TheCourt'sfinaldecisionwasclearlyinfluenced bythe
inclusion ofcompensatory conservation measures inthe
construction projectconcerned .
TherulingcameamidgrowingconcernontheCommission 's
partovertheinadequacy ofthedesignation ofspecialprotection
zonesintheCommunity andthecontinuing destruction of
habitats,sometimes causedbyprogrammes receivingfinancial
assistancefromtheCommunity .
In1991theCommission commenced severalinfringement
proceedings andpressedonwiththosealreadyunderway.
Theprotection ofhabitatswashighontheagendaatseveral
packagemeetingswithMemberStates,andtherewascloser
coordination withCommission activitites relatingtothe
Structural Funds.
Asregardsenvironmental impactassessment ,therewasagainan
increaseincomplaints concerning infringements ofDirective
85/337/EECwhichisnowoneoftheCommunity instruments
mostoftenallegedtobeinfringed .
TheCommission isextremelyconcerned bythefactthatmost
oftheproblemsintheapplication oftheDirectivearerelated
nottosmallprojectsbuttoconstruction projectsofnationalor
evenEuropeanimportance ,inparticularmajortransportinfra­
structure projectssuchasimportant motorway linksor
high-speed railnetworks .Becauseoftheirsize,suchprojects
haveaconsiderable impactontheenvironment .Itistherefore
essentialthatMemberStatesrespecttheaimsoftheDirective
andmakearealefforttolookforsolutions whichcausethe
leastpossibledamagetotheenvironment ratherthanlookon
impactassessment asamereformality intheauthorization
procedure .
IV.CONCLUSIONS
Theconclusions tobedrawnfrommonitoring theapplication of
Community environmental lawin1991donotdiffersubstan­
tiallyfromthosesetforthintheEighthReport.
WhereasthebodyofCommunity lawisgrowinglargerand
moreelaborate ,asevidenced bytheadoption in1991of
Directive 91/271/EEC(urbanwastewater)andDirective91/157/EEC(batteriesandaccumulators )andbythecontinued
discussions onthedraftDirectives concerning 'habitats'or
'nitratepollutionfromagricultural sources',theMemberStates
application oftheexistinglawisstillunsatisfactory onthe
whole.
Admittedly ,severalMemberStatesaremakingagreateffort,
despiterealdifficulties ,tomakeupthegroundlostovera
numberofyears.Thereisalsoacleartendencyawayfrom
legallyquestionable methodsoftransposal suchascirculars .
Evenso,anumberofMemberStatescontinuetoseethe
deadlinesfortransposal asoptionalorindicative .Itisnot
unusualforimplementing measurestoprovideforderogations
whichhavenobasisintheDirectivetransposed orfordero­
gationsstrictlydefinedbytheCommunity rulestobewritten
intonationallawinthemostflexibleterms.Certainprovisions
ofDirectivesadoptedmorethan10yearsagoarestilladead
letter.Measurestoimplement Courtrulingsarebynomeans
takenineverycase,evenafterasecondjudgmentbasedon
Article171oftheEECTreaty(cftablesinthisreport).Itisthe
exception ,ratherthantherule,fortheCommission toreceive
thereportsprovidedforinmanyDirectives ,althoughthis
requirement hasbeenmetinthecaseoftheDirective on
bathingwater.
InthiscontexttheCommission hopesthatthenewDirectiveon
reportsadoptedtowardstheendof1991willbringabouta
significant quantitative andqualitative increaseintheenviron­
mentalinformation availableatCommunity levelinthemedium
term.Sincemostofthenew-stylereportswillnotbeavailable
until1996/97attheearliest,however,MemberStateswillhave
tocontinueforthetimebeingtosupplytheCommission with
information underthearrangements currently inforce,as
stipulated inArticle7(2)oftheDirectiveonreports.
Inthemediumterm,theCommission alsoexpectsapositive
contribution fromthemeasureswhichitislikelytoadoptasa
resultofitsresearchintothethequestionofliabilityfor
environmental damageanditsdiscussions ontheavailability of
legalremedies .
Toimproveefficiency intheapplication ofCommunity law,
possibilities for!strengthening cooperation between the
Commission andtheMemberStatesandforstreamlining the
Commission 'smonitoring activitieswillbeexplored .
Lastly,theCommission wouldstressthatdevelopments relating
toenviromental law,unlikeotherbranchesofCommunity law,
areofconsiderable andever-increasinginteresttothepublicat
large.