EN Official Journal of the European Union L 265/1

Only the original UN/ECE texts have legal effect under international public law. The status and date of entry into force of this Regulation should be checked in the latest version of the UN/ECE status document TRANS/WP.29/343, available at:

http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29fdocstts.html

Regulation No 44 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UNECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of restraining devices for child occupants of power-driven vehicles (‘Child Restraint Systems’) [2016/1722]

Incorporating all valid text up to:

Supplement 10 to the 04 series of amendments — Date of entry into force: 18 June 2016

CONTENTS

REGULATION

1. Scope

2. Definitions

3. Application for approval

4. Markings

5. Approval

6. General specifications

7. Particular specifications

8. Description of tests

9. Test reports of type approval and of production qualification

10. Modifications and extension of approval of a type of child restraint system

11. Production qualification

12. Conformity of production and routine tests

13. Penalties for non-conformity of production

14. Production definitively discontinued

15. Instructions

16. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of Type Approval Authorities

17. Transitional provisions

ANNEXES

1 Communication

2 Arrangements of the approval marks

3 Arrangement of apparatus for dust resistance test

4 Corrosion test

5 Abrasion and microslip test

6 Description of trolley

7 Curve of trolley's deceleration or acceleration, as function of time

8 Description of manikins

9 Frontal impact test against a barrier

10 Rear impact test procedure

11 Additional anchorages required for attaching child restraints in the semi-universal category to motor vehicles

12 Chair

13 Standard safety belt

14 Type approval scheme (flow chart iso 9002:2000)

15 Explanatory notes

16 Control of conformity of production

17 Test of energy absorbing material

18 Method of defining head impact area of devices with backrests and for rearward-facing devices defining the minimum size of side wings

19 Description of conditioning of adjusters mounted directly on child restraints

20 Typical buckle strength test device

21 Dynamic crash test installation

22 Lower torso body block test

23 Load application devices

1. SCOPE

1.1. This Regulation applies to child restraint systems which are suitable for installation in power-driven vehicles having three or more wheels, and which are not intended for use with folding (tip-up) or with side-facing seats.

2. DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this Regulation:

2.1. Child restraint system (‘restraint’) means an arrangement of components which may comprise the combination of straps or flexible components with a securing buckle, adjusting devices, attachments and in some cases a supplementary device as a carrycot, infant carrier, a supplementary chair and/or an impact shield, capable of being anchored to a power-driven vehicle. It is so designed as to diminish the risk of injury to the wearer, in the event of a collision or of abrupt deceleration of the vehicle, by limiting the mobility of the wearer's body. ‘ISOFIX’ is a system for the connection of child restraint systems to vehicles which has two vehicle rigid anchorages, two corresponding rigid attachments on the child restraint system and a mean to limit the pitch rotation of the child restraint system. 2.1.1. Child restraints fall into five ‘mass groups’: 2.1.1.1. Group 0 for children of a mass less than 10 kg; 2.1.1.2. Group 0+ for children of a mass less than 13 kg; 2.1.1.3. Group I for children of mass from 9 kg to 18 kg; 2.1.1.4. Group II for children of mass from 15 kg to 25 kg; 2.1.1.5. Group III for children of mass from 22 kg to 36 kg. 2.1.1.6. ISOFIX child restraint systems fall into 7 ISOFIX size classes described in Regulation No 16, Annex 17, Appendix 2: A — ISO/F3: Full Height Forward Facing toddler CRS B — ISO/F2: Reduced Height Forward Facing toddler CRS B1 — ISO/F2X: Reduced Height Forward Facing Toddler CRS C — ISO/R3: Full Size Rearward Facing toddler CRS D — ISO/R2: Reduced Size Rearward Facing toddler CRS E — ISO/R1: Rearward Facing infant CRS F — ISO/L1: Left Lateral Facing position CRS (carrycot) G — ISO/L2: Right Lateral Facing position CRS (carrycot) Mass group ISOFIX size category 0 — up to 10 kg F ISO/L1 G ISO/L2 E ISO/R1 0+ — up to 13 kg C ISO/R3 D ISO/R2 E ISO/R1 I — 9 to 18 kg A ISO/F3 B ISO/F2 B1 ISO/F2X C ISO/R3 D ISO/R2 2.1.2. Child restraints fall into four ‘categories’: 2.1.2.1. A ‘universal’ category for use as specified in paragraphs 6.1.1, 6.1.3.1, and 6.1.3.2 on most vehicle seat positions, and in particular those which have been assessed according to Regulation No 16, — as being compatible with such a category of child restraint; 2.1.2.2. A ‘restricted’ category for use as specified in paragraphs 6.1.1 and 6.1.3.1 in designated seat positions for particular vehicle types as indicated by either the child restraint manufacturer or the vehicle manufacturer: 2.1.2.3. A ‘semi-universal’ category for use as specified in paragraphs 6.1.1 and 6.1.3.2; 2.1.2.4. A ‘specific vehicle’ category for use either: 2.1.2.4.1. On specific vehicle types, in accordance with paragraphs 6.1.2 and 6.1.3.3; or 2.1.2.4.2. As a ‘built in’ child restraint. 2.1.3. The retention system of child restraint systems may be of two classes: An integral class if the retention of the child within the restraint system is independent of any means directly connected to the vehicle; A non-integral class if the retention of the child within the restraint system is dependent upon any means directly connected to the vehicle. 2.1.3.1. ‘Partial restraint’ means a device, such as a booster cushion, which, when used in conjunction with an adult seat belt, which passes around the body of the child or restrains the device in which the child is placed, forms a complete child restraint system. 2.1.3.2. ‘Booster cushion’ means a firm cushion, which can be used with an adult seat belt.

2.2. ‘Child-safety chair’ means a child restraint incorporating a chair in which the child is held.

2.3. ‘Belt’ means a child restraint comprising a combination of straps with a securing buckle, adjusting devices and attachments.

2.4. ‘Chair’ means a structure which is a constituent part of the child restraint and is intended to accommodate a child in a seated position. 2.4.1. ‘Carrycot’ means a restraint system intended to accommodate and restrain the child in a supine or prone position with the child's spine perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle. It is so designed as to distribute the restraining forces over the child's head and body excluding its limbs in the event of a collision. 2.4.2. ‘Carrycot restraint’ means a device used to restrain a carrycot to the structure of the vehicle. 2.4.3. ‘Infant carrier’ means a restraint system intended to accommodate the child in a rearward-facing semi-recumbent position. It is so designed as to distribute the restraining forces over the child's head and body excluding its limbs in the event of the frontal collision.

2.5. ‘Chair support’ means that part of a child restraint by which the chair can be raised.

2.6. ‘Child support’ means that part of a child restraint by which the child can be raised within the child restraint.

2.7. ‘Impact shield’ means a device secured in front of the child and designed to distribute the restraining forces over the greater part of the height of the child's body in the event of a frontal impact. With reference to paragraph 2.1.3, these are divided in two classes: Class A : Integral Class B : Non integral.

2.8. ‘Strap’ means a flexible component designed to transmit forces. 2.8.1. ‘Lap strap’ means a strap which, either in the form of a complete belt or in the form of a component of such a belt, passes across the front of, and restrains, directly or not, the child's pelvis. 2.8.2. ‘Shoulder restraint’ means that part of a belt which restrains the child's upper torso. 2.8.3. ‘Crotch strap’ means a strap (or divided straps, where two or more pieces of webbing make it) attached to the child restraint and the lap strap and is so positioned as to pass between the child's thighs; it is designed to prevent the child sliding under the lap belt in normal use and prevent the lap belt moving up off the pelvis in an impact. 2.8.4. ‘Child-restraining strap’ means a strap which is a constituent part of the belt and restrains only the body of the child. 2.8.5. ‘Child-restraint attachment strap’ means a strap which attaches the child restraint to the structure of the vehicle and may be a part of the vehicle-seat retaining device. 2.8.6. ‘Harness belt’ means a belt assembly comprising a lap belt, shoulder restraints and, where fitted, a crotch strap. 2.8.7. ‘Y-shaped belt’ means a belt where the combination of straps is formed by a strap to be guided between the child's legs and a strap for each shoulder. 2.8.8. ‘Guide strap’ means a strap which constrains the shoulder strap of the adult seat belt in a position to suit the child and where the effective position at which the shoulder strap changes direction can be adjusted by means of a device which can be moved up and down the strap to locate the wearer's shoulder, and then locked into that position. This guide strap is not meant to carry a significant part of the dynamic load.

2.9. ‘Buckle’ means a quick release device which enables the child to be held by the restraint or the restraint by the structure of the car and can be quickly opened. The buckle may incorporate the adjusting device. 2.9.1. ‘Enclosed buckle release button’, a buckle release button such that it shall not be possible to release the buckle using a sphere having a diameter of 40 mm. 2.9.2. ‘Non-enclosed buckle release button’, a buckle release button such that it shall be possible to release the buckle using a sphere having a diameter of 40 mm.

2.10. ‘Adjusting device’ means a device enabling the restraint or its attachments to be adjusted to the physique of the wearer, the configuration of the vehicle, or both. The adjusting device may either be part of the buckle or be a retractor or any other part of the safety belt. 2.10.1. ‘Quick adjuster’ means an adjusting device which can be operated by one hand in one smooth movement. 2.10.2. ‘Adjuster mounted directly on child restraint’ means an adjuster for the integral harness which is directly mounted on the child restraint, as opposed to being directly supported by the webbing that it is designed to adjust.

2.11. ‘Attachments’ means parts of the child restraint, including securing components, which enable the child restraint to be firmly secured to the vehicle structure either directly or through the vehicle seat. 2.11.1. ‘Support leg’ means a permanent attachment to a child restraint creating a compressive load path between the child restraint and a vehicle structure in order to by-pass seat cushion effects during deceleration; a support leg may be adjustable.

2.12. ‘Energy absorber’ means a device which is designed to dissipate energy independently of or jointly with the strap and forms part of a child restraint.

2.13. ‘Retractor’ means a device designed to accommodate a part or the whole of the strap of a child restraint. The term covers the following devices: 2.13.1. ‘An automatically-locking retractor’, a retractor which allows extraction of the desired length of a strap and, when the buckle is fastened, automatically adjusts the strap to the wearer's physique, further extraction of the strap without voluntary intervention by the wearer being prevented; 2.13.2. ‘An emergency-locking retractor’, a retractor which does not restrict the belt wearer's freedom of movement in normal driving conditions. Such a device has length-adjusting devices which automatically adjust the strap to the wearer's physique, and a locking mechanism actuated in an emergency by: 2.13.2.1. Deceleration of the vehicle, extraction of the strap from the retractor, or any other automatic means (single sensitivity); or 2.13.2.2. A combination of any of these means (multiple sensitivity).

2.14. ‘Restraint anchorages’ means these parts of the vehicle structure or seat structure to which the child-restraint attachments are secured. 2.14.1. ‘Additional anchorage’ means a part of the vehicle structure or of the vehicle seat structure, or any other part of the vehicle, to which a child restraint is intended to be secured and which is additional to the anchorages approved under Regulation No 14. This includes the trolley floor pan as described in Annex 6 or other structural features of a the specific vehicle(s) when loaded by a support leg. 2.14.2. ‘ISOFIX low anchorage’ means one 6 mm diameter rigid round horizontal bar, extending from vehicle or seat structure to accept and restrain an ISOFIX child restraint system with ISOFIX attachments. 2.14.3. ‘ISOFIX anchorages system’ means a system made up of two ISOFIX low anchorages fulfilling the requirements of Regulation No 14 which is designed for attaching an ISOFIX child restraint system in conjunction with an anti-rotation device. 2.14.4. ‘Anti-rotation device’ (a) An anti-rotation device for an ISOFIX universal child restraint system consists of the ISOFIX top-tether. (b) An anti-rotation device for an ISOFIX semi-universal child restraint system consists of either a top tether, the vehicle dashboard or a support leg intended to limit the rotation of the restraint during a frontal impact. (c) For ISOFIX, universal and semi-universal, child restraint systems the vehicle seat itself does not constitute an anti-rotation device. 2.14.5. ‘ISOFIX top tether anchorage’ means a feature fulfilling the requirements of Regulation No 14, such as a bar, located in a defined zone, designed to accept an ISOFIX top tether strap connector and transfer its restraint force to the vehicle structure.

2.15. ‘Forward-facing’ means facing in the normal direction of travel of the vehicle.

2.16. ‘Rearward-facing’ means facing in the direction opposite to the normal direction of travel of the vehicle.

2.17. ‘Inclined position’ means a special position of the chair which allows the child to recline.

2.18. ‘Lying down/supine/prone position’ means a position where at least the child's head and body excluding its limbs are on a horizontal surface when at rest in the restraint.

2.19. ‘Child-restraint type’ means child restraints which do not differ in such essential respects as: 2.19.1. The category, and the mass group(s) for which and the position and orientation (as defined in paragraphs 2.15 and 2.16) in which the restraint is intended to be used; 2.19.2. The geometry of the child restraint; 2.19.3. The dimensions, mass, material and colour of: (a) The seat; (b) The padding; and (c) The impact shield; 2.19.4. The material, weave, dimensions and colour of the straps; 2.19.5. The rigid components (buckle, attachments, etc.).

2.20. ‘Vehicle seat’ means a structure, which may or may not be integral with the vehicle structure, complete with trim and intended to seat one adult person. In this respect: 2.20.1. ‘Group of vehicle seats’ means either a bench seat or a plurality of seats which are separate but side by side (i.e. so fixed that the front anchorages of one seat are in line with the front or rear anchorages of another seat or on a line passing between those anchorages), each seat accommodating one or more seated adult persons; 2.20.2. ‘Vehicle bench seat’ means a structure complete with trim and intended to seat more than one adult person; 2.20.3. ‘Vehicle front seats’ means the group of seats situated foremost in the passenger compartment, i.e. having no other seat directly in front of them; 2.20.4. ‘Vehicle rear seats’ are fixed, forward-facing seats situated behind another group of vehicle seats; 2.20.5. ‘ISOFIX position’ means a system which allows to install: (a) Either an universal ISOFIX forward facing child restraint system as defined in this Regulation; (b) Or a semi-universal ISOFIX forward facing child restraint system as defined in this Regulation; (c) Or a semi-universal ISOFIX rearward facing child restraint system as defined in this Regulation; (d) Or a semi-universal ISOFIX lateral facing position child restraint system as defined in this Regulation; (e) Or a specific vehicle ISOFIX child restraint system as defined in this Regulation.

2.21. ‘Adjustment system’ means the complete device by which the vehicle seat or its parts can be adjusted to suit the physique of the seat's adult occupant; this device may, in particular, permit: 2.21.1. Longitudinal displacement, and/or 2.21.2. Vertical displacement, and/or 2.21.3. Angular displacement.

2.22. ‘Vehicle seat anchorage’ means the system, including the affected parts of the vehicle structure, by which the adult seat as a whole is secured to the vehicle structure.

2.23. ‘Seat type’ means a category of adult seats which do not differ in such essential respects as: 2.23.1. The shape, dimensions and materials of the seat structure; 2.23.2. The types and dimensions of the seat-lock adjustment and locking systems; and 2.23.3. The type and dimensions of the adult safety belt anchorage on the seat, of the seat anchorage, and of the affected parts of the vehicle structure.

2.24. ‘Displacement system’ means a device enabling the adult seat or one of its parts to be displaced angularly or longitudinally, without a fixed intermediate position, to facilitate the entry and exit of passengers and the loading and unloading of objects.

2.25. ‘Locking system’ means a device ensuring that the adult seat and its parts are maintained in the position of use.

2.26. ‘Lock-off device’ is a device which locks and prevents movement of one section of the webbing of an adult safety belt relative to another section of the webbing of the same belt. Such devices may act upon either diagonal or lap section or secure together both lap and diagonal sections of the adult belt. The term covers the following classes: 2.26.1. ‘Class A device’, a device that prevents the child pulling webbing from the retractor through to the lap part of the belt, when the adult belt is used to restrain the child directly; 2.26.2. ‘Class B device’, a device that allows the retention of an applied tension in the lap part of an adult safety belt, when the adult belt is used to restrain the child restraint. The device is intended to prevent webbing slipping from the retractor through the device, which would release the tension and place the restraint in a non-optimal position.

2.27. ‘Special Needs Restraint’ is a child restraint system designed for children who have special needs as a result of either a physical or mental handicap; this device may in particular permit additional restraining devices for any part of the child, but it shall contain as a minimum a primary means of restraint which complies with the requirements of this Regulation.

2.28. ‘ISOFIX attachment’ means one of the two connections, fulfilling the requirement of paragraph 6.3.2 of this Regulation, extending from the ISOFIX child restraint system structure, and compatible with an ISOFIX low anchorage.

2.29. ‘ISOFIX child restraint system’ means a child restraint system which has to be attached to an ISOFIX anchorage system fulfilling the requirement of Regulation No 14.

2.30. ‘Seat bight’ means the area close to the intersection of the surfaces of the vehicle seat cushion and the seat back.

2.31. ‘Vehicle seat fixture (VSF)’ means a fixture, according to ISOFIX size classes defined in paragraph 2.1.1.6 and whose dimension are given in Figures 1 to 6 of Annex 17, Appendix 2 to Regulation No 16, used by a child restraint manufacturer to determine the appropriate dimensions of an ISOFIX child restraint system and the location of its ISOFIX attachments.

2.32. ‘ISOFIX top tether connector’ means a device intended to be attached to an ISOFIX top tether anchorage.

2.33. ‘ISOFIX top tether hook’ means an ISOFIX top tether connector typically used to attach an ISOFIX top tether strap to an ISOFIX top tether anchorage as defined in Figure 3 of Regulation No 14.

2.34. ‘ISOFIX top tether strap’ means a webbing strap (or equivalent) which extends from the top of an ISOFIX child restraint system to the ISOFIX top tether anchorage, and which is equipped with an adjustment device, a tension-relieving device, and an ISOFIX top tether connector.

2.35. ‘ISOFIX top tether attachment’ is a device to secure the ISOFIX top tether strap to the ISOFIX child restraint system.

2.36. ‘A tension relieving device’ means a system which allows to release the device which adjusts and maintains the tension in the ISOFIX top tether strap.

2.37. ‘Adult safety belt webbing guide’ means a device through which the adult belt passes for its correct routing, that allows free webbing movement.

2.38. ‘Type approval test’, means a test to determine the extent to which a child restraint system type submitted for approval is capable of satisfying the requirements.

2.39. ‘Production qualification test’, means a test to determine whether the manufacturer is able to produce a child restraint system in conformity with the child restraint systems submitted for type approval.

2.40. ‘Routine testing’, means the testing of a number of restraint systems selected from a single batch to verify the extent to which they satisfy the requirements.

2.41. ‘Child Restraint System Displacement system’ means a device enabling the CRS or one of its parts to be displaced angularly or longitudinally.

2.42. ‘Child Restraint System Locking system’ means a device ensuring that the CRS and its parts are maintained in the position of use.

2.43. ‘Load limiting device’ means a device that can break or jam under specified loading conditions. The device shall be explicitly designed for these conditions and its behaviour shall be reproducible and objectively documented in the technical documentation.

3. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL

3.1. The application for approval of a type of child restraint shall be submitted by the holder of the trade mark or by his duly accredited representative, and follow the type approval scheme described in Annex 14.

3.2. The application for approval, relating to each type of child restraint, shall be accompanied by:

3.2.1. A technical description of the child restraint, specifying the straps and other materials used together with the predicted and reproducible behaviour of load limiting devices. It shall be accompanied by drawings of the parts making up the child restraint and in the case of retractors, installation instructions for these retractors and their sensing devices, declaration on toxicity (paragraph 6.1.5) and flammability (paragraph 6.1.6), the drawings shall show the position intended for the approval number and additional symbol(s) in relation to the circle of the approval mark. The description shall mention the colour of the model submitted for approval;

3.2.2. Four samples of the child restraint;

3.2.3. A 10-metre length of each category of strap used in the child restraint; and

3.2.4. Additional samples shall be supplied at the request of the Technical Service responsible for conducting the test;

3.2.5. Instructions and details of packaging in accordance with paragraph 15 below;

3.2.6. In case of carrycots, if the carrycot restraint may be used in combination with a number of types of carrycots, the restraint manufacturer shall supply a list of the latter.

3.3. Where an approved adult safety belt is used to secure the child restraint, the application shall stipulate the category of adult safety belt to be used, e.g. static lap belts.

3.4. The Type Approval Authority of a Contracting Party shall verify, before granting type approval the existence of satisfactory arrangements and procedures for ensuring effective control so that child restraint systems, equipment or parts when in production conform to the approved type.

4. MARKINGS

4.1. The samples of child restraint submitted for approval in conformity with the provisions of paragraphs 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 above shall be clearly and indelibly marked with the manufacturer's name, initials or trade mark.

4.2. One of the parts made of plastics of the child restraint device (such as shell, impact shield, booster cushion, etc.), except the belt(s) or harness, shall be marked clearly (and indelibly) with the year of production.

4.3. If the restraint is to be used in combination with an adult safety belt the correct routing of the webbing shall be clearly indicated by means of a drawing permanently attached to the restraint. If the restraint is held in place by the adult safety belt, the routes of the webbing shall be clearly marked on the product by colour coding. The colours for the safety belt route to be used when the device is installed forward-facing shall be red and when installed rear-facing shall be blue. Devices that can be installed rearward and forward facing without changing the belt routing (e.g. turnable system) shall use both colours. The same colours shall also be used on the labels on the device that illustrate the methods of use.

There shall be a clear differentiation between the intended routes for the lap section and the diagonal section of the safety belt. Indication such as colour coding, words, shapes etc. shall distinguish each section of the safety belt.

In any illustration of the belt route on the product, the orientation of the child restraint relative to the vehicle shall be clearly indicated. Belt route diagrams that do not show the vehicle seat are not acceptable.

The marking defined in this paragraph shall be visible with the restraint in the vehicle. For group 0 restraints, this marking shall also be visible with the child in the restraint.

4.4. On the visible inner surface (including the side wing beside the child's head) in the approximate area where the child's head rests within the child restraint system, rearward facing restraints shall have the following label permanently attached (the information shown is a minimum).

Label minimum size: 60 ×120 mm.

The label shall be stitched to the cover around its entire perimeter and/or permanently bonded to the cover over its entire back surface. Any other form of attachment that is permanent and not liable to removal from the product or to becoming obscured is acceptable. Flag type labels are specifically prohibited.

If sections of the restraint or any accessories supplied by the child restraint system manufacturer are able to obscure the label an additional label is required. One warning label shall be permanently visible in all situations when the restraint is prepared for use in any configuration.

4.5. In the case of child restraints that can be used forward and rear-facing, include the words:

‘IMPORTANT — DO NOT USE FORWARD FACING BEFORE THE CHILD'S WEIGHT EXCEEDS …(Refer to instructions)’

4.6. In the case of child restraints with alternative belt routes, the alternative load bearing contact points between the child restraint and the adult safety belt shall be permanently marked. This marking shall indicate that it is the alternative belt route, and shall conform with the above coding requirements for forward and rearward facing seats.

4.7. If the child restraint offers alternative load bearing contact points, the marking required in paragraph 4.3 shall include an indication that the alternative belt route is described in the instructions.

4.8. ISOFIX marking

If the product includes ISOFIX attachments, the following information shall be permanently visible to someone installing the restraint in a vehicle:

The ISO ISOFIX logo followed by the letter(s) that is/are appropriate for the ISOFIX size class(es) into which the product fits. As a minimum, a symbol consisting of a circle with a diameter of minimum 13 mm and containing a pictogram, the pictogram shall contrast with the background of the circle. The pictogram shall be clearly visible either by means of contrast colours or by adequate relief if it is moulded or embossed.

The following information may be conveyed by pictograms and/or text. The marking shall indicate:

(a) The essential relevant steps needed for making the seat ready for installation. For example, the method of extending the ISOFIX latch system shall be explained;

(b) The position, function, and interpretation of any indicator shall be explained;

(c) The position and if necessary the routing of top tethers, or other means of limiting seat rotation requiring action by the user, shall be indicated using one of the following symbols as appropriate;

(d) The adjustment of ISOFIX latches and the top tether, or other means of limiting seat rotation, requiring action of the user shall be indicated;

(e) The marking shall be permanently attached and be visible to a user installing the seat;

(f) Where necessary reference should be made to the child restraint user instructions and to the location of that document using the symbol below.

5. APPROVAL

5.1. Each sample submitted in conformity with paragraphs 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 above shall meet the specifications set forth in paragraphs 6 to 8 of this Regulation in every respect before approval can be granted.

5.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 04 corresponding to the 04 series of amendments which entered into force on 12 September 1995) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to another type of child restraint covered by this Regulation.

5.3. Notice of approval or of extension or refusal of approval of a child restraint pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.

5.4. In addition to the marks prescribed in paragraph 4 above, the following particulars shall be affixed in a suitable space to every child restraint conforming to a type approved under this Regulation:

5.4.1. An international approval mark consisting of: 5.4.1.1. A circle surrounding the letter ‘E’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval; (1) 5.4.1.2. An approval number;

5.4.2. The following additional symbols: 5.4.2.1. The word(s) ‘universal’, ‘restricted’, ‘semi-universal’ or ‘vehicle specific’ depending on the category of restraint; 5.4.2.2. The mass range for which the child restraint has been designed, namely, 0-10 kg; 0-13 kg; 9-18 kg; 15-25 kg; 22-36 kg; 0-18 kg; 9-25 kg; 15-36 kg; 0-25 kg; 9-36 kg; 0-36 kg; 5.4.2.3. The symbol ‘Y’, in the case of a device containing a crotch strap, in conformity with the requirements of supplement 3 to the 02 series of amendments to the Regulation; 5.4.2.4. The symbol ‘S’ in the case of a ‘Special Needs Restraint’.

5.5. Annex 2 to this Regulation gives an example of the arrangement of the approval mark.

5.6. The particulars referred to in paragraph 5.4 above shall be clearly legible and be indelible, and may be affixed either by means of a label or by direct marking. The label or marking shall be resistant to wear.

5.7. The labels referred to in paragraph 5.6 above may be issued either by the authority which has granted the approval or, subject to that authority's authorization, by the manufacturer.

6. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

6.1. Positioning and securing on the vehicle

6.1.1. The use of child restraints in the ‘universal’, ‘semi-universal’ and ‘restricted’ categories is permitted in the front and rear seat positions if the restraints are fitted in conformity with the manufacturer's instructions.

6.1.2. The use of child restraints in the ‘specific vehicle’ category is permitted in all seat positions and also in the luggage area if the restraints are fitted in conformity with the manufacturer's instructions. In the case of a rear-facing restraint, the design shall ensure that support for the child's head is provided whenever the restraint is ready to use. This is to be determined as a line perpendicular to the seat back through the eye line, the point of intersection shall be at least 40 mm below the start of radius of such a head support.

6.1.3. According to the category which it belongs to, the child restraint shall be secured to the vehicle structure or to the seat structure.

Possible configurations for approval

Groups/categories table

Group category Universal (2) Semi-universal (3) Restricted Specific vehicle CRS ISOFIX CRS CRS ISOFIX CRS CRS ISOFIX CRS CRS ISOFIX CRS 0 Carrycot A NA A A A NA A A Rearward facing A NA A A A NA A A 0+ Rearward facing A NA A A A NA A A I Rearward facing A NA A A A NA A A Forward facing (integral) A A A A A NA A A Forward facing (non-integral) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Forward facing (non-integral — see paragraph 6.1.12) A NA A NA A NA A A II Rearward facing A NA A NA A NA A A Forward facing (integral) A NA A NA A NA A A Forward facing (non integral) A NA A NA A NA A A III Rearward facing A NA A NA A NA A A Forward facing (integral) A NA A NA A NA A A Forward facing (non integral) A NA A NA A NA A A With: CRS: Child restraint system A: Applicable NA: Not Applicable

6.1.3.1. For the ‘universal’ and ‘restricted’ categories, by means of an adult safety belt (with or without a retractor) meeting the requirements of Regulation No 16 (or equivalent) fitted to anchorages meeting the requirements of Regulation No 14 (or equivalent).

6.1.3.2. For ISOFIX ‘universal’ child restraint systems by means of ISOFIX attachments and ISOFIX top tether strap meeting the requirements of this Regulation fitted to ISOFIX anchorages system and ISOFIX top tether anchorage meeting the requirements of Regulation No 14.

6.1.3.3. For the ‘semi-universal’ category: by means of the lower anchorages prescribed in Regulation No 14 and additional anchorages meeting the recommendation of Annex 11 to this Regulation.

6.1.3.4. For ISOFIX ‘semi-universal’ Child Restraint Systems by means of ISOFIX attachments and ISOFIX top tether strap or a support leg or vehicle dashboard, meeting the requirements of this Regulation fitted to ISOFIX anchorages and/or to ISOFIX top tether anchorage meeting the requirements of Regulation No 14.

6.1.3.5. For the ‘specific vehicle’ category: by means of the anchorages designed by the manufacturer of the vehicle or the manufacturer of the child restraint.

6.1.3.6. In the case of child restraining straps or child restraint attachment strap utilizing belt anchorages to which are already fitted an adult belt or belts, the Technical Service shall check that:

The effective adult anchorage position is as approved under Regulation No 14 or equivalent;

Effective operation of both devices is not hindered by the other;

The buckles of the adult and additional system shall not be interchangeable.

In the case of child restraining devices utilizing bars, or extra devices attached to the anchorages approved under Regulation No 14, which move the effective anchorage position outside the field of Regulation No 14, the following points shall apply:

Such devices will only be approved as semi-universal or specific vehicle devices;

The Technical Service shall apply the requirements of Annex 11 to this Regulation to the bar and the fastenings;

The bar will be included in the dynamic test, with the loading being applied to the mid-position and the bar and its greatest extension, if adjustable;

The effective position and operation of any adult anchorage by which the bar is fixed shall not be impaired.

6.1.3.7. Child restraints utilizing a support leg shall only be approved under the ‘semi-universal’ or the ‘specific vehicle’ category and the requirements of Annex 11 to this Regulation shall be applied. The manufacturer of the child restraint system shall take into account the needs of the support leg for their correct functioning in each vehicle and provide this information.

6.1.4. A booster cushion shall be restrained by either an adult belt, using the test as specified in paragraph 8.1.4, or by separate means.

6.1.5. The child restraint manufacturer has to declare in written form that the toxicity of materials used in the manufacture of restraint systems and accessible to the restrained child is in conformity with the relevant parts of EN 71:2009, part 3. Tests confirming the validity of the declaration may be carried out at the discretion of the test authority. This paragraph does not apply to restraint devices of groups II and III.

6.1.6. The child restraint manufacturer has to declare in written form that the flammability of materials used to manufacture the restraint system is in conformity with the relevant parts of EN 71:2009 part 2. Tests confirming the validity of the declaration may be carried out at the discretion of the test authority.

6.1.7. In the case of rearward-facing child restraints supported by the vehicle dashboard, for the purpose of approval to this Regulation the dashboard is assumed to be sufficiently rigid.

6.1.8. Child restraint systems of the ‘universal’ category, except ISOFIX universal child restraint systems, shall have a main load-bearing contact point, between the child restraint and the adult safety belt. This point shall not be less than 150 mm from the Cr axis when measured with the child restraint on the dynamic test bench installed in accordance with Annex 21 to this Regulation, without a dummy. This shall apply to all adjustment configurations. Additional alternative belt routes are allowed. Where an alternative belt route exists, the manufacturer shall make specific reference to the alternative route in the user instructions, as required in paragraph 15. When tested, using such alternative belt route(s), the restraint shall comply with all the requirements of the Regulation with the exception of this paragraph.

6.1.9. If the adult belt is required to secure a ‘universal’ category child restraint, its maximum length to be used on the dynamic test bench is defined in Annex 13 to this Regulation.

To check compliance with this requirement, the child restraint shall be secured onto the test bench using the appropriate standard seat belt described in Annex 13. The dummy shall not be installed unless the design of the restraint is such that the installation of a dummy would increase the amount of belt used. With the child restraint in the installed position there shall be no tension in the belt apart from that exerted by the standard retractor, where fitted. Where the retractor belt is used, this condition shall be met with at least 150 mm of belt remaining on the spool.

6.1.10. Child restraints of groups 0 and 0+ shall not be used forward facing.

6.1.11. Child restraint systems of groups 0 and 0+, with the exception of carrycots as defined in paragraph 2.4.1, shall belong to the integral class.

6.1.12. Child restraint systems of group I shall belong to the integral class unless they are fitted with an impact shield of Class B, as defined in paragraph 2.7 of this Regulation.

6.2. Configuration

6.2.1. The configuration of the restraint shall be such that:

6.2.1.1. The restraint gives the required protection in any intended position of the restraint system; for ‘Special Needs Restraints’ the primary means of restraint shall give the required protection in any intended position of the restraint system without the use of the additional restraining devices which may be present.

6.2.1.2. The child is easily and quickly installed and removed; in the case of a child restraint system in which the child is restrained by means of a harness belt or a Y-shaped belt without a retractor each shoulder restraint and lap strap shall be capable of movement relative to each other during the procedure prescribed in paragraph 7.2.1.4. In these cases the belt assembly of the child restraint system may be designed with two or more connecting parts. For ‘Special Needs Restraints’ it is recognized that the additional restraining devices will restrict the speed by which a child can be installed and removed. However, the additional devices shall be designed to release quickly so far as possible.

6.2.1.3. If it is possible to change the inclination of the restraint, this change in inclination shall not require manual readjustment of the straps. A deliberate hand-action is required in order to change the inclination of the restraint.

6.2.1.4. The groups 0, 0+ and I restraint systems shall keep the child so positioned as to give the required protection even when the child is asleep.

6.2.1.5. For all forward-facing group I restraints incorporating an integral harness belt system to prevent submarining, either by impact or through restlessness, a crotch strap shall be required.

6.2.2. For groups I, II and III, all restraint devices utilizing a ‘lap strap’ shall positively guide the ‘lap strap’ to ensure that the loads transmitted by the ‘lap strap’ are transmitted through the pelvis. The assembly shall not subject weak parts of the child's body (abdomen, crotch, etc.) to excessive stresses.

6.2.2.1. With the crotch strap attached and in its longest position if adjustable, it shall not be possible to adjust the lap strap to lie above the pelvis of both the smallest and largest dummy within the mass groups covered by the approval. For all forward-facing restraints, it shall not be possible to adjust the lap strap to lie above the pelvis of both the smallest and largest dummy within the mass groups covered by the approval.

6.2.2.2. During the dynamic test, as prescribed in paragraph 8.1.3, the lap belt shall not pass fully beyond the pelvic structure of the dummy, during the period prior to maximum horizontal head excursion. Assessment shall be carried out using high speed video imaging.

6.2.3. All straps of the restraint shall be so placed that they cannot cause discomfort to the wearer in normal use or assume a dangerous configuration. The distance between the shoulder-straps in the vicinity of the neck should be at least the width of the neck of the appropriate manikin.

6.2.4. The design shall be such that compression loads shall not be imposed on the crown of the child's head in the event of a collision.

6.2.4.1. Y-shaped belts may only be used in rearward facing and lateral facing child restraint systems (carrycots).

6.2.5. The child restraint shall be so designed and installed as:

6.2.5.1. To minimize the danger of injury to the child or to other occupants of the vehicle through sharp edges or protrusions (as defined in Regulation No 21, for example);

6.2.5.2. Not to exhibit sharp edges or protrusions liable to cause damage to vehicle-seat covers or to occupant's clothing;

6.2.5.3. Not to subject weak parts of the child's body (abdomen, crotch, etc.) to supplementary inertial forces it sets up;

6.2.5.4. To ensure that its rigid parts do not, at points where they are in contact with straps, exhibit sharp edges capable of abrading the straps.

6.2.6. Any part made separable to enable components to be fixed and detached shall be so designed as to avoid any risk of incorrect assembly and use so far as possible. ‘Special Needs Restraints’ may have additional restraining devices; these shall be designed to avoid any risk of incorrect assembly and that their means of release and mode of operation is immediately obvious to a rescuer in an emergency.

6.2.7. Where the child restraint intended for group I, group II and groups I and II combined includes a chair back, the internal height of the latter, determined in accordance with the diagram in Annex 12, shall be not less than 500 mm.

6.2.8. Only automatically-locking retractors or emergency-locking retractors may be used.

6.2.9. For devices intended for use in Group I it shall not be possible for the child to easily slacken that part of the system that restrains the pelvis after the child has been installed; for this purpose the requirements of paragraph 7.2.5 (lock-off devices) shall be fulfilled; any device that is designed to obtain this shall be permanently attached to the child restraint system.

6.2.10. A child restraint may be designed for use in more than one mass group and/or by more than one child, provided that it is able to satisfy the requirements laid down for each of the groups concerned. A child restraint in the ‘universal’ category shall meet the requirements of that category for all mass groups for which it has been approved.

6.2.11. Child restraints with retractor

In the case of a child restraint incorporating a retractor, the retractor shall have met the requirements of paragraph 7.2.3 below.

6.2.12. In case of booster cushions, the ease with which the straps and tongue of an adult belt pass through the fixture points shall be examined. This goes particularly for booster cushions which are designed for the front seats of cars, which may have long semi-rigid stalks. The fixed buckle should not be allowed to pass through the fixture points of booster seats, or to permit a lie of belt completely different from that of the test-trolley.

6.2.13. If the child restraint is designed for more than one child, each restraint system shall be fully independent with regard to load transfer and adjustments.

6.2.14. The child restraints incorporating inflatable elements shall be so designed that the conditions of use (pressure, temperature, humidity) have no influence on their ability to comply with the requirements of this Regulation.

6.3. ISOFIX restraint specifications

6.3.1. General characteristics

6.3.1.1. Dimensions

The maximum lateral, downward, and rearward dimensions for the ISOFIX child restraint system and the locations of the ISOFIX anchorages system with which its attachments shall engage are defined for the ISOFIX child restraint system manufacturer by the Vehicle Seat Fixture (VSF) defined by paragraph 2.31 of this Regulation.

6.3.1.2. Mass

The mass of an ISOFIX child restraint system of universal and semi-universal categories and of mass group 0, 0+, 1 shall not exceed 15 kg.

6.3.2. ISOFIX attachments

6.3.2.1. Type

ISOFIX attachments may be according to examples shown in Figure 0 (a) below, or other appropriate designs that are part of a rigid mechanism having provision for adjustment, the nature of which is determined by the ISOFIX child restraint system manufacturer.

Figure 0 (a)

33 max 33 max Dimensions in mm Key 1 ISOFIX child restraint system attachment - example 1 2 ISOFIX child restraint system attachment - example 2

6.3.2.2. Dimensions

Dimensions for the portion of the ISOFIX child restraint system attachment that engages the ISOFIX anchorage system shall not exceed the maximum dimensions given by the envelope in Figure 0 (b)

Figure 0 (b)

6.3.2.3. Partial latching indication

The ISOFIX child restraint system shall incorporate means by which there is a clear indication that both of the ISOFIX attachments are completely latched with the corresponding ISOFIX lower anchorages. The indication means may be audible, tactile or visual or a combination of two or more. In case of visual indication it shall be detectable under all normal lighting conditions.

6.3.3. ISOFIX child restraint top tether strap specifications

6.3.3.1. Top tether connector

The top tether connector should be ISOFIX top tether hook as shown in Figure 0 (c), or similar devices that fit within the envelope given by Figure 0 (c).

6.3.3.2. ISOFIX Top tether strap features

The ISOFIX top tether strap shall be supported by webbing (or its equivalent), having a provision for adjustment and release of tension.

6.3.3.2.1. ISOFIX top tether strap length

ISOFIX child restraint top tether strap length shall be at least 2 000 mm.

6.3.3.2.2. No-slack indicator

The ISOFIX top tether strap or the ISOFIX child seat shall be equipped with a device that will indicate that all slack has been removed from the strap. The device may be part of adjustment and tension relieving device.

6.3.3.2.3. Dimensions

Engagement dimensions for ISOFIX top tether hooks are shown in Figure 0 (c).

Figure 0 (c)

ISOFIX top tether connector (hook type) dimensions

Top view 10 to 12

2,5 minimum Detail A 45° nominal 2,3 to 3,8 radius Rod 6,4 diameter Radius 12 maximum Side view 20 maximum 10,4 minimum See detail A Dimensions in millimetres Legend: Surrounding structure (if present) Area in which the tether strap hook interface profile must be wholly located

6.3.4. Adjustment provisions

The ISOFIX attachments, or the ISOFIX child restraint system itself, shall be adjustable to accommodate the range of ISOFIX anchorage locations described in Regulation No 14.

6.4. Control of markings

6.4.1. The Technical Service conducting the approval tests shall verify that the markings conform to the requirements of paragraph 4.

6.5. Control of instructions on installation and the instructions for use

6.5.1. The Technical Service conducting the approval tests shall verify that the instructions on installation and the instructions for use conform to paragraph 15.

7. PARTICULAR SPECIFICATIONS

7.1. Provisions applicable to the assembled restraint

7.1.1. Resistance to corrosion

7.1.1.1. A complete child restraint, or the parts thereof that are liable to corrosion, shall be subject to the corrosion test specified in paragraph 8.1.1 below.

7.1.1.2. After the corrosion test as prescribed in paragraphs 8.1.1.1 and 8.1.1.2, no signs of deterioration likely to impair the proper functioning of the child restraint, and no significant corrosion, shall be visible to the unaided eye of a qualified observer.

7.1.2. Energy absorption

7.1.2.1. For all devices with backrests, the areas defined in Annex 18 to this Regulation, when tested according to Annex 17, shall give a peak acceleration of less than 60 g. This requirement applies also to areas of impact shields which are in the head strike area.

7.1.2.2. In the case of child restraint systems with permanent mechanically attached adjustable head support devices, in which the height of either the adult safety belt or of the child harness is directly controlled by the adjustable head support, it is not necessary to demand energy absorption in areas as defined in Annex 18, which are not contactable by the manikin's head, i.e. behind the head support.

7.1.3. Overturning

7.1.3.1. The child restraint shall be tested as prescribed in paragraph 8.1.2; at no point during the whole test shall the manikin be fully ejected from the device, in addition when the test seat is in the upside down position the manikin's head shall not move more than 300 mm from its original position in a vertical direction relative to the test seat.

7.1.4. Dynamic test

7.1.4.1. General. The child restraint shall be subjected to a dynamic test in conformity with paragraph 8.1.3 below.

7.1.4.1.1. Child restraints of the ‘universal’, ‘restricted’ and ‘semi-universal’ categories shall be tested on the test trolley by means of the test seat prescribed in paragraph 6, and in conformity with paragraph 8.1.3.1.

7.1.4.1.2. Child restraints of the ‘specific vehicle’ category shall be tested with each vehicle model for which the child restraint is intended. The Technical Service responsible for conducting the test may reduce the number of vehicle models tested if they do not differ greatly in the aspects listed in paragraph 7.1.4.1.2.3. The child restraint may be tested in one of the following ways:

7.1.4.1.2.1. On a complete vehicle, as prescribed in paragraph 8.1.3.3;

7.1.4.1.2.2. In a vehicle body shell on the test trolley, as prescribed in paragraph 8.1.3.2; or,

7.1.4.1.2.3. In sufficient parts of the vehicle bodyshell to be representative of the vehicle structure and impact surfaces. If the child restraint is intended for use in the rear seat, these shall include the back of the front seat, the rear seat, the floor pan, the B and C pillars and the roof. If the child restraint is intended for use in the front seat, the parts shall include the dashboard, the A pillars, the windscreen, any levers or knobs installed in the floor or on a console, the front seat, the floor pan and the roof. Furthermore, if the child restraint is intended for use in combination with the adult safety belt, the parts shall include the appropriate adult belt(s). The Technical Service responsible for conducting the test may permit items to be excluded if they are found to be superfluous. Testing shall be as prescribed in paragraph 8.1.3.2.

7.1.4.1.3. The dynamic test shall be performed on child restraints which have not previously been under load.

7.1.4.1.4. During the dynamic tests, no part of the child restraint actually helping to keep the child in position shall break, and no buckles or locking system or displacement system or support leg shall break or release or collapse, except where identified as a load limiting device. Any load limiting device shall be clearly identified in the manufacturer's technical descriptions as defined in paragraph 3.2.1 of this Regulation.

7.1.4.1.5. In the case of ‘non-integral type’ the seat belt used shall be the standard belt and its anchorage brackets prescribed in Annex 13 to this Regulation. This does not apply to ‘specific vehicle’ approvals where the actual belt of the vehicle shall be used.

7.1.4.1.6. If a ‘specific vehicle’ child restraint system is installed in the area behind the rearmost forward facing adult seat positions (for example, the luggage area), one test with the largest dummy/dummies on a complete vehicle as prescribed in paragraph 8.1.3.3.3 shall be performed. The other tests, including the conformity of production, may be done as prescribed in paragraph 8.1.3.2, if the manufacturer so wishes.

7.1.4.1.7. In the case of a ‘Special Needs Restraint’ every dynamic test specified by this Regulation for each mass group shall be performed twice: first, using the primary means of restraint and second, with all restraining devices in use. In these tests, special attention shall be given to the requirements in paragraphs 6.2.3 and 6.2.4.

7.1.4.1.8. During the dynamic tests, the standard safety belt used to install an integral child restraint shall not become disengaged from any guide or locking device utilized for the test conducted.

During the dynamic tests, the standard safety belt used to install a non-integral child restraint, shall not become disengaged from any guide or locking device utilized for the test conducted; however, for the shoulder portion of the standard safety belt this shall be judged up to the moment that the maximum horizontal head excursion of the dummy is reached. Furthermore during the dynamic test of a non-integral child restraint, the limit of acceptable movement of the shoulder belt is that the lower edge of the shoulder portion of the standard safety belt shall not be lower than the dummy's elbow at the point of maximum horizontal head excursion of the dummy.

7.1.4.1.9. A child restraint with a support leg shall be tested as follows:

(a) In the case of semi-universal category, the tests for frontal impact shall be conducted with the support leg adjusted to both its maximum and minimum adjustment compatible with the positioning of the trolley floor pan. The tests for rearward impact shall be conducted with the worst case position selected by the Technical Service. During the tests the support leg shall be supported by the trolley floor pan as described in Annex 6, Appendix 3, Figure 2. If there is clearance between the shortest leg length and the highest floor pan level, the leg is adjusted to the floor pan level of 140 mm below Cr. If the maximum leg length is more than the lowest floor pan level would allow to be used, the leg is adjusted to that lowest floor pan level of 280 mm below Cr. In the case of support leg with adjustable steps, the support leg length shall be adjusted to the next adjustment position, in order to ensure the support leg is in contact with the floor.

(b) In the case of support legs out of the plane of symmetry, the worst case shall be selected by the Technical Service for the test.

(c) In the case of specific vehicle category, the support leg shall be adjusted as specified by the child restraint manufacturer.

7.1.4.1.10. In the case of a child restraint making use of an ISOFIX anchorage system and anti-rotation device, if any, the dynamic test shall be carried out:

7.1.4.1.10.1. For ISOFIX CRS of size Classes A, B and B1: 7.1.4.1.10.1.1. With the anti-rotation device in use, and 7.1.4.1.10.1.2. Without the anti-rotation device in use. If the anti-rotation device is a support leg and it can be completely recessed within the base or the shell of the CRS, the test is conducted with the device in its stowed position or with the leg removed respectively. If it cannot be completely recessed within the base, the test is performed with the device deployed in its shortest length with the trolley floor pan in its lowest position. This requirement does not apply when a permanent and non-adjustable support leg is used as an anti-rotation device.

7.1.4.1.10.2. For ISOFIX child restraint system of other size classes with the anti-rotation device in use.

7.1.4.2. Chest acceleration (4)

7.1.4.2.1. The resultant chest acceleration shall not exceed 55 g except during periods whose sum does not exceed 3 ms.

7.1.4.2.2. The vertical component of the acceleration from the abdomen towards the head shall not exceed 30 g except during periods whose sum does not exceed 3 ms.

7.1.4.3. Abdominal penetration (5)

7.1.4.3.1. During the verification described in Annex 8 — Appendix 1, paragraph 5.3, there shall be no visible signs of penetration of the modelling clay of the abdomen caused by any part of the restraining device.

7.1.4.4. Manikin displacement

7.1.4.4.1. Child restraints of the ‘universal’, ‘restricted’ and ‘semi-universal’ categories:

7.1.4.4.1.1. Forward facing child restraints: the head of the manikin shall not pass beyond the planes BA and DA as defined in Figure 1 below, except for booster seats when using the largest dummy P10 where the value in relation to DA plane is 840 mm. Figure 1 Arrangement for testing a forward-facing device

7.1.4.4.1.2. Rear-facing child restraints 7.1.4.4.1.2.1. Child restraints supported by dashboard: the head of the manikin shall not pass beyond the planes AB, AD and DCr, as defined in Figure 2 below. This shall be judged up to 300 ms or the moment that the manikin has come to a definitive standstill whatever occurs first. Figure 2 Arrangement for testing a rearward-facing device Text of image Steel tube 500 × 100 × 90 7.1.4.4.1.2.2. Child restraints in group 0 not supported by the dashboard, and carrycots: the head of the manikin shall not pass the planes AB, AD and DE as shown in Figure 3 below. This shall be judged up to 300 ms or the moment that the manikin has come to a definitive standstill whatever occurs first. Figure 3 Arrangement for testing child restraint devices group 0, not supported by the dashboard 7.1.4.4.1.2.3. Child restraints other than group 0 not supported by the dashboard: The head of the manikin shall not pass the planes FD, FG and DE, as shown in Figure 4 below and there shall be no direct contact of the manikin head with the bar. This shall be judged up to 300 ms or the moment that the manikin has come to a definitive standstill whatever occurs first. In the case there is a contact of such a child restraint with the 100 mm diameter bar and all performance criteria are met, there shall be one further dynamic test (front impact) with the heaviest dummy intended for such child restraint and without the 100 mm diameter bar; the requirements for this test are that all criteria other than forward displacement shall be met. Figure 4 Arrangement for testing rearward-facing devices, except group 0, not supported by the dashboard Text of image Steel tube 500 × Ø 100 × Ø 90

7.1.4.4.2. Child restraints of the ‘specific vehicle’ category: when tested in a complete vehicle or a vehicle body shell, the head shall not come into contact with any part of the vehicle. However, if there is contact, the speed of impact of the head shall be less than 24 km/h and the part contacted shall meet the requirements of the energy absorption test laid down in Regulation No 21, Annex 4. In tests with complete vehicles it shall be possible to remove the manikins from the child restraint without the use of tools after the test.

7.1.5. Resistance to temperature

7.1.5.1. Buckle assemblies, retractors, adjusters and lock-off devices that are liable to be affected by temperature, shall be subject to the temperature test specified in paragraph 8.2.8 below.

7.1.5.2. After the temperature test as prescribed in paragraph 8.2.8.1, no signs of deterioration likely to impair the proper functioning of the child restraint, shall be visible to the unaided eye of a qualified observer.

7.2. Provisions applicable to individual components of the restraint

7.2.1. Buckle

7.2.1.1. The buckle shall be so designed as to preclude any possibility of incorrect manipulation. This means, inter alia, that it shall not be possible for the buckle to be left in a partially closed position; it shall not be possible to exchange the buckle parts inadvertently when the buckle is being locked; the buckle shall only lock when all parts are engaged. Wherever the buckle is in contact with the child, it shall not be narrower than the minimum width of strap as specified in paragraph 7.2.4.1.1 below. This paragraph is not applicable to belt assemblies already approved according to ECE Regulation No 16 or any equivalent standard in force. In the case of a ‘Special Needs Restraint’ only the buckle on the primary means of restraint need comply with the requirements of this paragraph 7.2.1.1 to paragraph 7.2.1.9 inclusive.

7.2.1.2. The buckle, even when not under tension, shall remain closed whatever its position. It shall be easy to operate and to grasp. It shall be possible to open it by pressure on a button or on a similar device. The surface to which this pressure must be applied must have in the position of actual unlocking and when projected into a plane perpendicular to the button's initial direction of motion: for enclosed devices, an area of not less than 4,5 cm2 with a width of not less than 15 mm; for non-enclosed devices, an area of 2,5 cm2 and a width of not less than 10 mm. The width shall be the smaller of the two dimensions forming the prescribed area and shall be measured rectangular to the direction of movement of the release button.

7.2.1.3. The buckle release area shall be coloured red. No other part of the buckle shall be of this colour.

7.2.1.4. It shall be possible to release the child from the restraint by a single operation on a single buckle. For groups 0 and 0+ it is allowed to remove the child together with devices such as infant carrier/carrycot/carrycot restraints if the child restraint system can be released by operation of a maximum of two buckles.

7.2.1.4.1. A clip connection between the shoulder straps of a harness belt is deemed not to comply with the single operation requirement given in paragraph 7.2.1.4 above.

7.2.1.5. For groups II and III the buckle shall be so placed that the child occupant can reach it. In addition it shall for all groups be so placed that its purpose and mode of operation are immediately obvious to a rescuer in an emergency.

7.2.1.6. Opening of the buckle shall enable the child to be removed independently of the ‘chair’, ‘chair support’ or ‘impact shield’, if fitted, and if the device includes a crotch strap the crotch strap shall be released by operation of the same buckle.

7.2.1.7. The buckle shall be capable of withstanding the temperature test operation requirements given in paragraph 8.2.8.1 and repeated operation, and shall, before the dynamic tests prescribed in paragraph 8.1.3 undergo a test comprising 5 000 ± 5 opening and closing cycles under normal conditions for use.

7.2.1.8. The buckle shall be subjected to the following tests of opening:

7.2.1.8.1. Test under load 7.2.1.8.1.1. A child restraint having already undergone the dynamic test prescribed in paragraph 8.1.3 below shall be used for this test. 7.2.1.8.1.2. The force required to open the buckle in the test prescribed in paragraph 8.2.1.1 below shall not exceed 80 N.

7.2.1.8.2. No-load test 7.2.1.8.2.1. A buckle which has not previously been subjected to a load shall be used for this test. The force needed to open the buckle when it is not under load shall be in the range of 40-80 N in the tests prescribed in paragraph 8.2.1.2 below.

7.2.1.9. Strength

7.2.1.9.1. During the test in accordance with paragraph 8.2.1.3.2 no part of the buckle or the adjacent straps or adjusters shall break or be detached.

7.2.1.9.2. A harness buckle of mass groups 0 and 0+ shall withstand 4 000 N.

7.2.1.9.3. A harness buckle of mass group I and higher shall withstand 10 000 N.

7.2.1.9.4. The Type Approval Authority may dispense with the buckle strength test if information already available renders the test superfluous.

7.2.2. Adjusting device

7.2.2.1. The range of adjustment shall be sufficient to permit correct adjustment of the child restraint with all manikins of the weight group for which the device is intended and to permit satisfactory installation in all specified vehicle models.

7.2.2.2. All adjusting devices shall be of the ‘quick adjuster’ type, except that adjusting devices used only for the initial installation of the restraint in the vehicle may be of other than the ‘quick adjuster’ type.

7.2.2.3. Devices of the ‘quick adjuster’ type shall be easy to reach when the child restraint is correctly installed and the child or manikin is in position.

7.2.2.4. A device of the ‘quick adjuster’ type shall be easily adjustable to the child's physique. In particular, in a test performed in accordance with paragraph 8.2.2.1, the force required to operate a manual adjusting device shall not exceed 50 N.

7.2.2.5. Two samples of the child-restraint adjusting devices shall be tested as prescribed by the temperature test operation requirements given in paragraph 8.2.8.1 and in paragraph 8.2.3 below.

7.2.2.5.1. The amount of strap slip shall not exceed 25 mm for one adjusting device or 40 mm for all adjusting devices.

7.2.2.6. The device shall not break or become detached when tested as prescribed in paragraph 8.2.2.1 below.

7.2.2.7. An adjuster mounted directly on the child restraint shall be capable of withstanding repeated operation and shall, before the dynamic test prescribed in paragraph 8.1.3 undergo a test comprising 5 000 ± 5 cycles as specified in paragraph 8.2.7.

7.2.3. Retractors

7.2.3.1. Automatically-locking retractors

7.2.3.1.1. The strap of a safety belt equipped with an automatically-locking retractor shall not unwind by more than 30 mm between locking positions of the retractor. After a rearward movement of the wearer the belt shall either remain in its initial position or return to that position automatically on subsequent forward movement of the wearer.

7.2.3.1.2. If the retractor is part of a lap belt, the retracting force of the strap shall be not less than 7 N as measured in the free length between the manikin and the retractor as prescribed in paragraph 8.2.4.1 below. If the retractor is part of a chest restraint, the retracting force of the strap shall be not less than 2 N or more than 7 N as similarly measured. If the strap passes through a guide or pulley, the retracting force shall be measured in the free length between the manikin and the guide or pulley. If the assembly incorporates a device, manually or automatically operated, that prevents the strap from being completely retracted, that device shall not be in operation when these measurements are effected.

7.2.3.1.3. The strap shall be repeatedly withdrawn from the retractor and allowed to retract, in the conditions prescribed in paragraph 8.2.4.2 below, until 5 000 cycles have been completed. The retractor shall then be subjected to the temperature test operation requirements given in paragraph 8.2.8.1 and corrosion test described in paragraph 8.1.1 and the dust-resistance test described in paragraph 8.2.4.5. It shall then satisfactorily complete a further 5 000 cycles of withdrawal and retraction. After the above tests the retractor shall continue to operate correctly and to meet the requirements of paragraphs 7.2.3.1.1 and 7.2.3.1.2 above.

7.2.3.2. Emergency-locking retractors

7.2.3.2.1. An emergency-locking retractor shall when tested as prescribed in paragraph 8.2.4.3 satisfy the conditions below:

7.2.3.2.1.1. It shall be locked when the deceleration of the vehicle reaches 0,45 g.

7.2.3.2.1.2. It shall not lock for strap accelerations of less than 0,8 g as measured in the axis of strap extraction.

7.2.3.2.1.3. It shall not lock when its sensing device is tilted by not more than 12° in any direction from the installation position specified by its manufacturer.

7.2.3.2.1.4. It shall lock when its sensing device is tilted by more than 27° in any direction from the installation position specified by its manufacturer.

7.2.3.2.2. Where the operation of a retractor depends on an external signal or power source, the design shall ensure that the retractor locks automatically upon failure or interruption of that signal or power source.

7.2.3.2.3. A multiple-sensitivity emergency-locking retractor shall meet the requirements set out above. In addition, if one of the sensitivity factors relates to strap extraction, locking shall have occurred at a strap acceleration of 1,5 g as measured in the axis of strap extraction.

7.2.3.2.4. In the tests referred to in paragraphs 7.2.3.2.1.1 and 7.2.3.2.3 above, the amount of strap extraction occurring before the retractor locks shall not exceed 50 mm, starting at the length of unwinding specified in paragraph 8.2.4.3.1. In the test referred to in paragraph 7.2.3.2.1.2 above, locking shall not occur during the 50 mm of strap extraction starting at the length of unwinding specified in paragraph 8.2.4.3.1 below.

7.2.3.2.5. If the retractor is part of a lap belt, the retracting force of the strap shall be not less than 7 N as measured in the free length between the manikin and the retractor as prescribed in paragraph 8.2.4.1. If the retractor is part of a chest restraint, the retracting force of the strap shall be not less than 2 N or more than 7 N as similarly measured. If the strap passes through a guide or pulley, the retracting force shall be measured in the free length between the manikin and the guide or pulley. If the assembly incorporates a device, manually or automatically operated, that prevents the strap from being completely retracted, that device shall not be in operation when these measurements are effected.

7.2.3.2.6. The strap shall be repeatedly withdrawn from the retractor and allowed to retract, in the conditions prescribed in paragraph 8.2.4.2, until 40 000 cycles have been completed. The retractor shall then be subjected to the temperature test operation requirements given in paragraph 8.2.8.1 and corrosion test described in paragraph 8.1.1 and to the dust-resistance test described in paragraph 8.2.4.5. It shall then satisfactorily complete a further 5 000 cycles of withdrawal and retraction (making 45 000 in all). After the above tests the retractor shall continue to operate correctly and to meet the requirements of paragraphs 7.2.3.2.1 to 7.2.3.2.5 above.

7.2.4. Straps

7.2.4.1. Width

7.2.4.1.1. The minimum width at the child-restraint straps which contact the dummy shall be 25 mm for groups 0, 0+ and I, and 38 mm for groups II and III. These dimensions shall be measured during the strap strength test prescribed in paragraph 8.2.5.1, without stopping the machine and under a load equal to 75 percent of the breaking load of the strap.

7.2.4.2. Strength after room conditioning

7.2.4.2.1. On two sample straps conditioned as prescribed in paragraph 8.2.5.2.1, the breaking load of the strap shall be determined as prescribed in paragraph 8.2.5.1.2 below.

7.2.4.2.2. The difference between the breaking loads of the two samples shall not exceed 10 percent of the greater of the two breaking loads measured.

7.2.4.3. Strength after special conditioning

7.2.4.3.1. On two straps conditioned as prescribed in one of the provisions of paragraph 8.2.5.2 (except paragraph 8.2.5.2.1), the breaking load of the strap shall be not less than 75 percent of the average of the loads determined in the test referred to in paragraph 8.2.5.1 below.

7.2.4.3.2. In addition, the breaking load shall be not less than 3,6 kN for the restraints of the groups 0, 0+ and I, 5 kN for those of group II, and 7,2 kN for those of group III.

7.2.4.3.3. The Type Approval Authority may dispense with one or more of these tests if the composition of the material used, or information already available, renders the test or tests superfluous.

7.2.4.3.4. The abrasion conditioning procedure of type 1 defined in paragraph 8.2.5.2.6 shall only be performed when the microslip test defined in paragraph 8.2.3 below gives a result above 50 percent of the limit prescribed in paragraph 7.2.2.5.1 above.

7.2.4.4. It shall not be possible to pull the complete strap through any adjusters, buckles or anchoring points.

7.2.5. Lock-off device

7.2.5.1. The lock-off device shall be permanently attached to the child restraint.

7.2.5.2. The lock-off device shall not impair the durability of the adult belt and undergo temperature test operation requirements given in paragraph 8.2.8.1.

7.2.5.3. The lock-off device shall not prevent the rapid release of the child.

7.2.5.4. Class A devices.

The amount of slip of the webbing shall not exceed 25 mm after the test prescribed in paragraph 8.2.6.1 below.

7.2.5.5. Class B devices.

The amount of slip of the webbing shall not exceed 25 mm after the test prescribed in paragraph 8.2.6.2 below.

7.2.6. ISOFIX attachment specifications

‘ISOFIX attachments’ and latching indicators shall be capable of withstanding repeated operations and shall, before the dynamic test prescribed in paragraph 8.1.3, undergo a test comprising 2 000 ± 5 opening and closing cycles under normal conditions of use.

7.2.7. ISOFIX attachments shall have a locking mechanism which complies with the requirements specified in (a) or (b) as follows:

(a) Release of the locking mechanism of the complete seat, shall require two consecutive actions, the first of which should be maintained while the second is carried out; or

(b) The ISOFIX attachment opening force shall be at least 50 N when tested as prescribed in paragraph 8.2.9 below.

8. DESCRIPTION OF TESTS (6)

8.1. Tests of the assembled restraint

8.1.1. Corrosion

8.1.1.1. The metal items of the child restraint shall be positioned in a test chamber as prescribed in Annex 4. In the case of a child restraint incorporating a retractor, the strap shall be unwound to full length less 100 ± 3 mm. Except for short interruptions that may be necessary, for example, to check and replenish the salt solution, the exposure test shall proceed continuously for a period of 50 ± 0,5 hours.

8.1.1.2. On completion of the exposure test the metal items of the child restraint shall be gently washed, or dipped, in clean running water with a temperature not higher than 38 °C to remove any salt deposit that may have formed and then allowed to dry at room temperature of 18 to 25 °C for 24 ± 1 hours before inspection in accordance with paragraph 7.1.1.2 above.

8.1.2. Overturning

8.1.2.1. The manikin shall be equipped with either of the load application devices as appropriate and described in Annex 23. Place the manikin in the restraints installed in accordance with this Regulation and taking into account the manufacturer's instructions and with the standard slack as specified in paragraph 8.1.3.6 below, applied for all systems identically.

8.1.2.2. The restraint shall be fastened to the test seat or vehicle seat. The whole seat shall be rotated around a horizontal axis, contained in the median longitudinal plane of the seat through an angle of 540° +/– 5° at a speed of 2-5 degrees/second and stopped in this position. For the purposes of this test, devices intended for use in specific cars may be attached to the test seat described in Annex 6.

8.1.2.3. At this static inverted position a mass equivalent to 4 times that of the dummy shall be applied vertically downwards in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation in addition to the dummy utilizing the load application device described in Annex 23. The load shall be applied in a gradual controlled manner at a rate not exceeding gravitational acceleration or 400 mm/min. Maintain the prescribed maximum load for a duration of 30 – 0/+ 5 seconds.

8.1.2.4. Remove the load at a rate not exceeding 400 mm/min and measure displacement.

8.1.2.5. Rotate the whole seat for 180° to return to the starting position.

8.1.2.6. This test cycle shall be carried out again rotating in the reverse direction. With the rotational axis in the horizontal plane and at 90° to that of the two earlier tests, the procedure shall be repeated in the two directions of rotation.

8.1.2.7. These tests shall be carried out using both the smallest and the largest appropriate manikin of the group or groups for which the restraining device is intended.

Any adjustment of the dummy or child restraint systems during the complete test cycle is not allowed.

8.1.3. Dynamic tests

8.1.3.1. Tests on the trolley and test seat

8.1.3.1.1. Forward-facing

8.1.3.1.1.1. The trolley and test seat used in the dynamic test shall meet the requirements of Annex 6 to this Regulation, and the dynamic crash test installation procedure is to be in accordance with Annex 21.

8.1.3.1.1.2. The trolley shall remain horizontal throughout deceleration or acceleration.

8.1.3.1.1.3. Deceleration or acceleration devices

The applicant shall choose to use one of the two following devices:

8.1.3.1.1.3.1. Deceleration test device: The deceleration of the trolley shall be achieved by using the apparatus prescribed in Annex 6 to this Regulation or any other device giving equivalent results. This apparatus shall be capable of the performance specified in paragraph 8.1.3.4 and hereafter specified: Calibration procedure: The deceleration curve of the trolley, in the case of child restraint tests performed in accordance with paragraph 8.1.3.1, ballasted with inert masses up to 55 kg in order to reproduce one occupied child restraint, and in the case of child restraint tests in a vehicle body shell performed in accordance with paragraph 8.1.3.2, where the trolley is ballasted with the vehicle structure and inert masses up to x times 55 kg reproducing the number of x occupied child restraint systems, shall remain, in the case of frontal impact, within the hatched area of the graph in Annex 7, Appendix 1 of this Regulation, and, in the case of rear impact, within the hatched area of the graph in Annex 7, Appendix 2 to this Regulation. During calibration of the stopping device, the stopping distance shall be 650 ± 30 mm for frontal impact, and 275 ± 20 mm for rear impact.

8.1.3.1.1.3.2. Acceleration test device: Dynamic testing conditions: For frontal impact, the trolley shall be so propelled that, during the test, its total velocity change DV is 52 + 0 - 2 km/h and its acceleration curve is within the hatched area of the graph in Annex 7, Appendix 1 and stay above the segment defined by the coordinates (5 g, 10 ms) and (9 g, 20 ms). The start of the impact (T0) is defined, according to ISO 17373 for a level of acceleration of 0,5 g. For rear impact, the trolley shall be so propelled that, during the test, its total velocity change DV is 32 +2 -0 km/h and its acceleration curve is within the hatched area of the graph in Annex 7, Appendix 2 and stay above the segment defined by the coordinates (5 g, 5 ms) and (10 g, 10 ms). The start of the impact (T0) is defined, according to ISO 17373 for a level of acceleration of 0,5 g. Despite the fulfilment of the above requirements, the Technical Service shall use a mass of trolley (equipped with its seat), as specified in paragraph 1 of Annex 6, superior to 380 kg. However, if the tests above were performed at a higher speed and/or the acceleration curve has exceeded the upper level of the hatched area and the child restraint meets the requirements, the test shall be considered satisfactory.

8.1.3.1.1.4. The following measurements shall be made:

8.1.3.1.1.4.1. The trolley speed immediately before impact (only for deceleration sleds, needed for stopping distance calculation),

8.1.3.1.1.4.2. The stopping distance (only for deceleration sleds), which may be calculated by double integration of the recorded sled deceleration,

8.1.3.1.1.4.3. The displacement of the manikin's head in the vertical and horizontal planes for groups I, II and III and for group 0 and 0+ the displacement of the manikin without considering its limb,

8.1.3.1.1.4.4. The chest deceleration in three mutually perpendicular directions; except for new-born manikin,

8.1.3.1.1.4.5. Any visible signs of penetration of the modelling clay in the abdomen (see paragraph 7.1.4.3.1); except for new-born manikin,

8.1.3.1.1.4.6. The trolley acceleration or deceleration for at least the first 300 ms.

8.1.3.1.1.5. After impact, the child restraint shall be inspected visually, without opening the buckle, to determine whether there has been any failure or breakage.

8.1.3.1.2. Rearward-facing

8.1.3.1.2.1. The test seat shall be rotated 180° when testing in compliance with the requirements of the rear impact test.

8.1.3.1.2.2. When testing a rearward-facing child restraint intended for use in the front seating position, the vehicle facia shall be represented by a rigid bar attached to the trolley in such a way that all the energy absorption takes place in the child restraint.

8.1.3.1.2.3. The deceleration conditions shall satisfy the requirements of paragraph 8.1.3.1.1.3.1.

The acceleration conditions shall satisfy the requirements of paragraph 8.1.3.1.1.3.2.

8.1.3.1.2.4. The measurements to be made shall be similar to those listed in paragraphs 8.1.3.1.1.4 to 8.1.3.1.1.4.6 above.

8.1.3.2. Test on trolley and vehicle body shell

8.1.3.2.1. Forward-facing

8.1.3.2.1.1. The method used to secure the vehicle during the test shall not be such as to strengthen the anchorages of the vehicle seats, adult safety belts and any additional anchorages required to secure the child restraint or to lessen the normal deformation of the structure. No part of the vehicle shall be present which, by limiting the movement of the manikin, would reduce the load imposed on the child restraint during the test. The parts of the structure eliminated may be replaced by parts of equivalent strength, provided they do not hinder the movement of the manikin.

8.1.3.2.1.2. A securing device shall be regarded as satisfactory if it produces no effect on an area extending over the whole width of the structure and if the vehicle or structure is blocked or fixed in front at a distance of not less than 500 mm from the anchorage of the restraint system. At the rear the structure shall be secured at a sufficient distance behind the anchorages to ensure that all requirements of paragraph 8.1.3.2.1.1 above are fulfilled.

8.1.3.2.1.3. The vehicle seat and child restraint shall be fitted and shall be placed in a position chosen by the Technical Service conducting approval tests to give the most adverse conditions in respect of strength, compatible with installing the manikin in the vehicle. The position of the vehicle seat-back and child restraint shall be stated in the report. The vehicle seat-back, if adjustable for inclination, shall be locked as specified by the manufacturer or, in the absence of any specification, at an actual seat-back angle as near as possible to 25°.

8.1.3.2.1.4. Unless the instructions for fitting and use require otherwise, the front seat shall be placed in the most forward normally used position for child restraints intended for use in the front seating position, and in the rearmost normally used position for child restraints intended for use in the rear seating position.

8.1.3.2.1.5. The deceleration conditions shall satisfy the requirements of paragraph 8.1.3.4 below. The test seat will be the seat of the actual vehicle.

8.1.3.2.1.6. The following measurements shall be made:

8.1.3.2.1.6.1. The trolley speed immediately before impact (only for deceleration sleds, needed for stopping distance calculation),

8.1.3.2.1.6.2. The stopping distance (only for deceleration sleds), which may be calculated by double integration of the recorded sled deceleration,

8.1.3.2.1.6.3. Any contact of the manikin's head with the interior of the vehicle body shell;

8.1.3.2.1.6.4. The chest deceleration in three mutually perpendicular directions; except for new-born manikin,

8.1.3.2.1.6.5. Any visible signs of penetration of the modelling clay in the abdomen (see paragraph 7.1.4.3.1) except for new-born manikin,

8.1.3.2.1.6.6. The trolley and vehicle body shell acceleration or deceleration for at least the first 300 ms.

8.1.3.2.1.7. After impact, the child restraint shall be inspected visually, without opening the buckle, to determine whether there has been any failure.

8.1.3.2.2. Rearward-facing

8.1.3.2.2.1. For rear impact tests the vehicle body shell shall be rotated 180° on the test trolley.

8.1.3.2.2.2. Same requirements as for frontal impact.

8.1.3.3. Test with complete vehicle

8.1.3.3.1. The deceleration conditions shall satisfy the requirements of paragraph 8.1.3.4 below.

8.1.3.3.2. For frontal impact tests the procedure shall be that set out in Annex 9 to this Regulation.

8.1.3.3.3. For rear impact tests the procedure shall be that set out in Annex 10 to this Regulation.

8.1.3.3.4. The following measurements shall be made:

8.1.3.3.4.1. The speed of the vehicle/impactor immediately before impact;

8.1.3.3.4.2. Any contact of the manikin's head (in the case of group 0 the manikin without considering its limbs) with the interior of the vehicle;

8.1.3.3.4.3. The chest acceleration in three mutually perpendicular directions, except for new-born manikin;

8.1.3.3.4.4. Any visible signs of penetration of the modelling clay in the abdomen (see paragraph 7.1.4.3.1), except for new-born manikin.

8.1.3.3.5. The front seats, if adjustable for inclination, shall be locked as specified by the manufacturer or, in the absence of any specification, at an actual seat-back angle as near as possible to 25°.

8.1.3.3.6. After impact, the child restraint shall be inspected visually, without opening the buckle, to determine whether there has been any failure or breakage.

8.1.3.4. The conditions for dynamic test are summarized in the table below:

FRONTAL IMPACT REAR IMPACT Test Restraint Speed (km/h) Test pulse Stopping distance during test (mm) Speed (km/h) Test pulse Stopping distance during test (mm) Trolley with test seat Forward facing front and rear seats universal, semi-universal or restricted (*) 50 + 0 - 2 1 650 ± 50 — — — Rearward facing front and rear seats universal, semi-universal or restricted (**) 50 + 0 - 2 1 650 ± 50 30 + 2 - 0 2 275 ± 25 Vehicle body on trolley Forward facing (*) 50 + 0 - 2 1 or 3 650 ± 50 — — — Rearward facing (**) 50 + 0 - 2 1 or 3 650 ± 50 30 + 2 - 0 2 or 4 275 ± 25 Whole vehicle barrier test Forward facing 50 + 0 - 2 3 not specified — — — Rearward facing 50 + 0 - 2 3 not specified 30 + 2 - 0 4 not specified

8.1.3.5. Child restraints incorporating the use of additional anchorages

8.1.3.5.1. In the case of child restraints intended for use as specified in paragraph 2.1.2.3 and incorporating the use of additional anchorages, the requirement for a frontal impact test, in accordance with paragraph 8.1.3.4, shall be carried out as follows:

8.1.3.5.2. For devices with short upper attachment straps, e.g. intended to be attached to the rear parcel shelf, the upper anchorage configuration on the test trolley shall be as prescribed in Annex 6, Appendix 3.

8.1.3.5.3. For devices with long upper attachment straps, e.g. intended for use where there is no rigid parcel shelf and where the upper anchorage straps are attached to the vehicle floor, the anchorages on the test trolley shall be as prescribed in Annex 6, Appendix 3.

8.1.3.5.4. For devices, intended for use in both configurations, the tests prescribed in paragraphs 8.1.3.5.2 and 8.1.3.5.3 shall be carried out with the exception that, in case of the test carried out in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 8.1.3.5.3 above, only the heavier manikin shall be used.

8.1.3.5.5. For rearward-facing devices, the lower anchorage of configuration on the test trolley shall be as prescribed in Annex 6, Appendix 3.

8.1.3.5.6. For carrycots utilizing additional straps that are attached to two adult safety belts, where the load path shall apply directly through the adult safety belt to the adult safety belt lower anchorage, the anchorage on the test trolley shall be as prescribed in Annex 6, Appendix 3, paragraph 7 (A1, B1). Installation on the test bench shall be as described in Annex 21, note 5. This system shall work correctly even with the adult safety belts unlocked, and is considered as Universal when complying with paragraph 6.1.8.

8.1.3.6. Test manikins

8.1.3.6.1. The child restraint and manikins shall be installed in such a way that the requirements of paragraph 8.1.3.6.3 are met.

8.1.3.6.2. The child restraint shall be tested using the manikins prescribed in Annex 8 to this Regulation.

8.1.3.6.3. Installation of the manikin

8.1.3.6.3.1. The manikin shall be placed so that the gap is between the rear of the manikin and the restraint. In the case of carrycots the manikin is placed in a straight horizontal position as close as possible to the centre line of the carrycot.

8.1.3.6.3.2. Place the child chair on the test seat.

Place the manikin in the child chair.

For restraints or straps acting directly on a retractor or adult three point safety belt, where no lock off device or any system able to inhibit the action of the retractor is used:

(a) Fit the belt in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

(b) Complete the installation of the child chair to the test seat in accordance with Annex 21 to this Regulation.

For all other restraints:

(a) Place a hinged board or a similar flexible device 2,5 cm thick and 6 cm wide and of length equal to the shoulder height (sitting, Annex 8) less the hip centre height (sitting, in Annex 8 popliteus height plus half of thigh height, sitting) relevant to the manikin size being tested between the manikin and the seat back of the chair. The board should follow as closely as possible the curvature of the chair and its lower end should be at the height of the manikin's hip joint.

(b) Adjust the belt in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, but to a tension of 250 ± 25 N above the adjuster force, with a deflection angle of the strap at the adjuster of 45 ± 5°, or alternatively, the angle prescribed by the manufacturer.

(c) Complete the installation of the child chair to the test seat in accordance with Annex 21 to this Regulation.

(d) Remove the flexible device.

8.1.3.6.3.3. The longitudinal plane passing through the centre line of the dummy shall be set midway between the two lower belt anchorages, however note shall also be taken of paragraph 8.1.3.2.1.3. In case of child restraints to be tested with the manikin representing a 10-year-old child, the longitudinal plane passing through the centre line of the manikin shall be positioned up to 80 mm towards the side of anchorage point C with regard to the point midway between the two lower belt anchorages. The amount of this displacement shall be decided by the Technical Service in order to optimize the shoulder belt routing at the manikin.

8.1.3.6.3.4. In the case of devices requiring the use of a standard belt, the routing of the shoulder strap may be maintained on the manikin prior to the dynamic test by the use of a light-weight masking tape of a maximum length of 250 mm and a maximum width of 20 mm. In the case of rearward facing devices the head may be held against the backrest of the restraint system using a light-weight masking tape of sufficient length and a maximum width of 20 mm.

8.1.3.7. Category of manikin to be used:

8.1.3.7.1. Group 0 device: Test using the ‘new-born’ manikin and a manikin of 9 kg;

8.1.3.7.2. Group 0+ device: test using the new-born manikin and a manikin of 11 kg;

8.1.3.7.3. Group I device: Tests using a manikin of mass 9 kg and 15 kg respectively;

8.1.3.7.4. Group II device: Tests using a manikin of mass 15 kg and 22 kg respectively;

8.1.3.7.5. Group III device: Tests using a manikin of mass 22 kg and 32 kg respectively.

8.1.3.7.6. If the child restraint system is suitable for two or more mass groups, the tests shall be carried out using the lightest and heaviest manikins specified above for each of the groups concerned.

8.1.3.7.7. If the child restraint system is designed for two or more children, one test shall be carried out with the heaviest manikins occupying all seat positions. A second test with the lightest and the heaviest manikins specified above shall be carried out. The tests shall be conducted using the test seat as shown in Annex 6, Appendix 3, Figure 3. The laboratory conducting the tests may, if it deems it advisable, add a third test with any combination of manikins or empty seat positions.

8.1.3.7.8. If a child restraint system in group 0 or 0+ offers different configurations depending on the mass of the child, each configuration shall be tested with both manikins of the respective mass group.

8.1.3.7.9. If the ISOFIX child restraint system shall use a top tether, one test shall be carried out with the smallest dummy with the shorter distance of the top tether (anchorage point G1). A second test shall be carried out with the heavier dummy with the longer distance of the top tether (anchorage point G2). Adjust the top tether to achieve a tension load of 50 ± 5 N.

8.1.3.7.10. The test specified in paragraph 7.1.4.1.10.1.2 above shall only be carried out with the largest manikin for which the child restraint is designed. Where multiple configurations of the child restraint system are possible (e.g. upright/reclined), the configuration which generates the worst case horizontal head excursion shall be used for this test.

8.1.4. Restraint of booster cushions

Place a cotton cloth on the seating surface of the test bench. Position the booster cushion on the test bench, position the lower torso body block as described in Annex 22, Figure 1, on the seating surface, fit and apply the 3-point adult safety belt and tension as prescribed in Annex 21. With a piece of 25 mm width webbing or similar tied round the booster, apply a load of 250 ± 5 N in the direction of arrow A, see Annex 22, Figure 2, in line with the seating surface of the test bench.

8.2. Tests of individual components

8.2.1. Buckle

8.2.1.1. Opening test under load

8.2.1.1.1. A child restraint already having been subjected to the dynamic tests specified in paragraph 8.1.3 shall be used for this test.

8.2.1.1.2. The child restraint shall be removed from the test trolley or the vehicle without opening the buckle. A tension of 200 ± 2 N shall be applied to the buckle. If the buckle is attached to a rigid part, the force shall be applied reproducing the angle formed between the buckle and that rigid part during the dynamic test.

8.2.1.1.3. A load shall be applied at a speed of 400 ± 20 mm/min to the geometric centre of the buckle-release button along a fixed axis running parallel to the initial direction of motion of the button; the geometric centre applies to that part of the surface of the buckle to which the release pressure is to be applied. The buckle shall be secured against a rigid support during the application of the opening force.

8.2.1.1.4. The buckle opening force shall be applied, using a dynamometer or similar device in the manner and direction of normal use. The contact end shall be a polished metal hemisphere with radius 2,5 ± 0,1 mm.

8.2.1.1.5. The buckle opening force shall be measured and any failure noted.

8.2.1.2. Opening test under zero load

8.2.1.2.1. A buckle assembly which has not previously been subjected to a load shall be mounted and positioned under a ‘no load’ condition.

8.2.1.2.2. The method of measuring the buckle opening force shall be as prescribed in paragraphs 8.2.1.1.3 and 8.2.1.1.4.

8.2.1.2.3. The buckle opening force shall be measured.

8.2.1.3. Strength test

8.2.1.3.1 For the strength test two samples have to be used. All adjusters, except for adjusters mounted directly on a child restraint are included in the test.

8.2.1.3.2. Annex 20 shows a typical device for a buckle strength test. The buckle is placed on the upper round plate (A) within the relief. All adjacent straps have a length of at least 250 mm and are arranged hanging down from the upper plate respective to their position at the buckle. The free strap ends are then wound round the lower round plate (B) until they come out at the plate's inner opening. All straps have to be vertical between A and B. The round clamping plate (C) is then lightly clamped against the lower face of (B), still allowing a certain strap movement between them. With a small force at the tensile machine the straps are tensioned and pulled between (B) and (C) until all straps are loaded respective to their arrangement. The buckle shall stay free from plate (A) or any parts at (A) during this operation and the test itself. (B) and (C) are then clamped firmly together and the tensile force is increased at a traverse speed of 100 ± 20 mm/min until the required values are reached.

8.2.2. Adjusting device

8.2.2.1. Ease of adjustment

8.2.2.1.1. When testing a manual adjusting device, the strap shall be drawn steadily through the adjusting device, having regard for the normal conditions of use, at a rate of 100 ± 20 mm/min and the maximum force measured to the nearest integer value of N after the first 25 ± 5 mm of strap movement.

8.2.2.1.2. The test shall be carried out in both directions of strap travel through the device, the strap being subjected to the full travel cycle 10 times prior to the measurement.

8.2.3. Microslip test (see Annex 5, Figure 3)

8.2.3.1. The components or devices to be subjected to the microslip test shall be kept for a minimum of 24 hours before testing in an atmosphere having a temperature of 20 ± 5 °C and a relative humidity of 65 ± 5 percent. The test shall be carried out at a temperature between 15 and 30 °C.

8.2.3.2. The free end of the strap shall be arranged in the same configuration as when the device is in use in the vehicle, and shall not be attached to any other part.

8.2.3.3. The adjusting device shall be placed on a vertical piece of strap one end of which bears a load of 50 ± 0,5 N (guided in a manner which prevents the load from swinging and the strap from twisting). The free end of the strap from the adjusting device shall be mounted vertically upwards or downwards as it is in the vehicle. The other end shall pass over a deflector roller with its horizontal axis parallel to the plane of the section of strap supporting the load, the section passing over the roller being horizontal.

8.2.3.4. The device being tested shall be arranged in such a way that its centre, in the highest position to which it can be rais