Only the original UN/ECE texts have legal effect under international public law. The status and date of entry into force of this Regulation should be checked in the latest version of the UN/ECE status document TRANS/WP.29/343, available at: http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29fdocstts.html

UN Regulation No 48 – Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices [2021/1718]

Incorporating all valid text up to:

Supplement 1 to the 07 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 30 September 2021

CONTENTS

REGULATION

1. Scope

2. Definitions

3. Application for approval

4. Approval

5. General specifications

6. Individual specifications

7. Modifications and extensions of approval of the vehicle type or of the installation of its lighting and light signalling devices

8. Conformity of production

9. Penalties for non conformity of production

10. Production definitively discontinued

11. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of Type Approval Authorities

12. Transitional provisions

ANNEXES

1 Communication

2 Arrangements of approval marks

3 Examples of lamp surfaces, axes, centres of reference, and angles of geometric visibility

4 Visibility of a red lamp to the front and visibility of a white lamp to the rear

5 States of loading to be taken into consideration in determining variations in the vertical orientation of the dipped beam headlamps

6 Measurement of the variation of dipped beam inclination as a function of load

7 Indication of the downward inclination of the dipped-beam headlamps cut-off referred to in paragraph 6.2.6.1.1. and downward inclination of the front fog lamp cut-off referred to in paragraph 6.3.6.1.2. of this Regulation

8 The controls for the headlamp levelling devices referred to in paragraph 6.2.6.2.2. of this Regulation

9 Control of conformity of production

10 Reserved

11 Visibility of conspicuity markings to the rear, front and side of a vehicle

12 Test drive

13 Automatic switching conditions dipped-beam headlamps

14 Observing area towards the apparent surface of manoeuvring and courtesy lamps

15 Gonio(photo)meter system used for the photometric measurements as defined in paragraph 2.34. of this Regulation

1. SCOPE

This Regulation applies to vehicles of categories M, N, and to their trailers (category O) (1) with regard to the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. General

2.1.1. The definitions given in this Regulation and its series of amendments in force at the time of application for type approval shall apply to the Light-Signalling Devices (LSD), Road Illumination Devices (RID) and Retro-Reflective Devices (RRD) Regulations.

2.1.2. References to standard (étalon) light source(s) shall refer to Regulations Nos. 37, 99 and 128 respectively, and to their series of amendments in force at the time of application for type approval.

2.1.3. " Approval of a vehicle " means the approval of a vehicle type with regard to the number and mode of installation of the lighting and light-signalling devices.

2.1.4. " Device " means an element or an assembly of elements used to perform one or more functions.

2.1.4.1. " Lighting function " means the light emitted by a device to illuminate the road and objects in the direction of vehicle movement.

2.1.4.2. " Light-signalling function " means the light emitted or reflected by a device to give to other road users visual information on the presence, identification and/or the change of movement of the vehicle.

2.1.5. " Lamp " means a device designed to illuminate the road or to emit a light signal to other road users. Rear registration plate lamps and retro-reflectors are likewise to be regarded as lamps. For the purpose of this Regulation, light-emitting rear registration plates, the service-door-lighting system according to the provisions of UN Regulation No. 107 on vehicles of categories M 2 and M 3 and external status indicator as defined in this Regulation are not considered as lamps.

2.1.6. "Change index" means a sequential number, starting from 0, specific to each lamp (function) covered by UN Regulations No. 148, No. 149 and No. 150. It indicates the number of times that the new series of amendments to the pertinent UN Regulation (No. 148, No. 149 and No. 150) have introduced higher stringency requirements for this lamp (function)."

2.2. Type definitions

2.2.1. " Vehicle type with regard to the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices " means vehicles which do not differ in the essential respects mentioned in paragraphs 2.2.1.1. to 2.2.1.4. The following are likewise considered not to be "vehicles of a different type": vehicles which differ within the meaning of paragraphs 2.2.1.1. to 2.2.1.4., but not in such a way as to entail a change in the kind, number, positioning and geometric visibility of the lamps and the inclination of the dipped-beam prescribed for the vehicle type in question, and vehicles on which optional lamps are fitted or are absent:

2.2.1.1. The dimension and the external shape of the vehicle;

2.2.1.2. The number and positioning of the devices;

2.2.1.3. The headlamp-levelling system;

2.2.1.4. The suspension system.

2.3. Vehicle

2.3.1. " Unladen vehicle " means a vehicle without driver, crew, passengers and load, but with a full supply of fuel, spare wheel and the tools normally carried.

2.3.2. " Laden vehicle " means a vehicle loaded to its technically permissible maximum mass, as stated by the manufacturer, who shall also fix the distribution of this mass between the axles in accordance with the method described in Annex 5.

2.3.3. " Extreme outer edge " on either side of the vehicle, means the plane parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle and touching its lateral outer edge, disregarding the projection:

2.3.3.1. Of tyres near their point of contact with the ground, and of connections for tyre-pressure gauges;

2.3.3.2. Of any anti-skid devices mounted on the wheels;

2.3.3.3. Of devices for indirect vision;

2.3.3.4. Of side direction-indicator lamps, end-outline marker lamps, front and rear position lamps, parking lamps, retro-reflectors and side-marker lamps.

2.3.3.5. Of customs seals affixed to the vehicle, and of devices for securing and protecting such seals.

2.3.3.6. Of service-door lighting systems on vehicles of categories M 2 and M 3 as specified in paragraph 2.1.5.

2.3.4. " Overall dimensions " means the distance between the two vertical planes defined in paragraph 2.3.3. above.

2.3.4.1. "Overall width" means the distance between the two vertical planes defined in paragraph 2.3.3. above.

2.3.4.2. "Overall length" means the distance between the two vertical planes perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle and touching its front and rear outer edge, disregarding the projection: (a) Of devices for indirect vision; (b) Of end-outline marker lamps; (c) Of coupling devices, in the case of motor vehicles. For trailers in the "overall length" and in any measurement in length the drawbar shall be included, except when specifically excluded.

2.3.5. " Operating tell - tale " means a visual or auditory signal (or any equivalent signal) indicating that a device has been switched ON and is operating correctly or not.

2.3.6. " Closed - circuit tell - tale " means a visual (or any equivalent signal) indicating that a device has been switched ON, but not indicating whether it is operating correctly or not.

2.3.7. " Ground " means the surface on which the vehicle stands which should be substantially horizontal.

2.3.8. " Movable components " of the vehicle mean those body panels or other vehicle parts the position(s) of which can be changed by tilting, rotating or sliding without the use of tools. They do not include tiltable driver cabs of trucks.

2.3.9. " Normal position of use of a movable component " means the position(s) of a movable component specified by the vehicle manufacturer for the normal condition of use and the park condition of the vehicle.

2.3.10. " Normal condition of use of a vehicle " means:

2.3.10.1. For a motor vehicle, when the vehicle is ready to move with its propulsion system running and its movable components are in the normal position(s) as defined in paragraph 2.3.9.;

2.3.10.2. And for a trailer, when the trailer is connected to a drawing motor vehicle in the conditions as prescribed in paragraph 2.3.10.1. and its movable components are in the normal position(s) as defined in paragraph 2.3.9.

2.3.11. " Park condition of a vehicle " means:

2.3.11.1. For a motor vehicle, when the vehicle is at standstill and its propulsion system is not running and its movable components are in the normal position(s) as defined in paragraph 2.3.9.;

2.3.11.2. And for a trailer, when the trailer is connected to a drawing motor vehicle in the condition as described in paragraph 2.3.11.1. and its movable components are in the normal position(s) as defined in paragraph 2.3.9.

2.4. Lamps generalities

2.4.1. " Equivalent lamps " means lamps having the same function and authorized in the country in which the vehicle is registered; such lamps may have different characteristics from those installed on the vehicle when it is approved on condition that they satisfy the requirements of this Regulation.

2.4.2. Independent lamps " means devices having separate apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axis, " means devices having separate apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axis, ( 2 ) separate light sources and separate lamp bodies.

2.4.3. " Grouped lamps " means devices having separate apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axis 2 and separate light sources, but a common lamp body.

2.4.4. " Combined lamps " means devices having separate apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axis 2 , but a common light source and a common lamp body.

2.4.5. Reciprocally incorporated lamps " means devices having separate light sources or a single light source operating under different conditions (for example, optical, mechanical, electrical differences), totally or partially common apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axis 2 and a common lamp body. " means devices having separate light sources or a single light source operating under different conditions (for example, optical, mechanical, electrical differences), totally or partially common apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axisand a common lamp body. ( 3 )

2.4.6. " Single - function lamp " means a part of a device which performs a single lighting or light-signalling function.

2.4.7. " Concealable lamp " means a lamp capable of being partly or completely hidden when not in use. This result may be achieved by means of a movable cover, by displacement of the lamp or by any other suitable means. The term " retractable " is used more particularly to describe a concealable lamp the displacement of which enables it to be inserted within the bodywork.

2.4.8. " Distance between two lamps " which face in the same direction means the shortest distance between the two apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axis. Where the distance between the lamps clearly meets the requirements of the Regulation, the exact edges of apparent surfaces need not be determined.

2.4.9. " Optional lamp " means a lamp, the installation of which is left to the discretion of the manufacturer.

2.4.10. " Pair " means the set of lamps of the same function on the left- and right-hand side of the vehicle.

2.4.10.1. " Matched pair " means the set of lamps of the same function on the left- and right-hand side of the vehicle, which, as a pair, complies with the photometric requirements.

2.4.11. " Single and multiple lamps "

2.4.11.1. " A single lamp " means: (a) A device or part of a device having one lighting or light-signalling function, one or more light source(s) and one apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis, which may be a continuous surface or composed of two or more distinct parts; or (b) Any assembly of two lamps marked "D", whether identical or not, having the same function; or (c) Any assembly of two independent retro-reflectors, whether identical or not, that have been approved separately; or (d) Any interdependent lamp system composed of two or three interdependent lamps marked "Y" approved together and providing the same function.

2.4.11.2. " Two lamps " or " an even number of lamps " in the shape of a band or strip, means two lamps with a single light emitting surface, providing such a band or strip is placed symmetrically in relation to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle.

2.4.12. " Interdependent lamp system " means an assembly of two or three interdependent lamps providing the same function.

2.4.12.1. " Interdependent lamp marked "Y" " means a device operating as part of an interdependent lamp system. Interdependent lamps operate together when activated, have separate apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axis and separate lamp bodies, and may have separate light source(s).

2.4.13. " Lamps marked "D" " means independent lamps, approved as separate devices in such a way that they are allowed to be used either independently or in an assembly of two lamps to be considered as a "single lamp".

2.4.14. Headlamps of different "Classes" mean headlamps identified by particular photometric provisions.

2.4.15. Definitions with regard to Headlamps emitting a driving-beam and/or a symmetrical passing-beam for vehicles of categories L and T:

2.4.15.1. " Additional lighting unit " means the part of a headlamp system that provides the bend lighting. It is independent from the device that provides the principal passing beam, may consist of optical, mechanical and electrical components, and it may be grouped and/or reciprocally incorporated with other lighting or light-signalling devices.

2.4.16. Definitions with regard to retro-reflectors:

2.4.16.1. " Retro-reflection " means the reflection in which radiation is returned in directions close to the direction from which it came, this property being maintained even over wide variations of the direction of the incident radiation:

2.4.16.2. " Retro-reflective device " means an assembly ready for use and comprising one or more retro-reflective optical units; Retro-reflective devices are divided into classes according to their photometric characteristics: Class IA or IB, Class IIIA or IIIB, and Class IVA. Retro-reflective devices of Classes IB and IIIB are devices combined with other signal lamps which are not watertight and which are integrated into the body of a vehicle.

2.4.17. Definition with regard to Retro-reflective marking:

2.4.17.1. " Retro-reflective marking material " means a surface or a device from which, when directionally illuminated, a relatively large portion of the incident radiation is retro-reflected.

2.4.17.2. " Rear marking plate " means a plate faced with retro-reflective and fluorescent material or devices intended to increase the visibility and permit easy identification of heavy and long vehicles.

2.4.17.3. " Slow moving vehicle (SMV) rear marking plate " means a triangular plate with truncated corners with a characteristic pattern faced with retro-reflectors or retro-reflective materials or fluorescent material.

2.4.17.4. " Sample unit " means a complete retro-reflective device ready to be mounted on a vehicle and representative of current production.

2.4.17.5. " Fluorescence " means when certain substances are brought near to a source of ultraviolet or blue radiations, they emit radiations which are nearly always of longer wave-length than those producing the effect. This phenomenon is called fluorescence. By day and in twilight, fluorescent colours are brighter than normal colours because they reflect part of the light falling upon them, and in addition they emit light. At night they are not brighter than ordinary colours.

2.5. Lamps

2.5.1. " Driving-beam (main - beam) headlamp " means the lamp used to illuminate the road over a long distance ahead of the vehicle.

2.5.2. " Passing-beam (dipped - beam) headlamp " means the lamp used to illuminate the road ahead of the vehicle without causing undue dazzle or discomfort to oncoming drivers and other road-users.

2.5.2.1. " Principal passing-beam (principal dipped-beam) " means the dipped-beam produced without the contribution of infrared (IR) emitter and/or additional light sources for bend lighting.

2.5.3. " Direction - indicator lamp " means the lamp used to indicate to other road-users that the driver intends to change direction to the right or to the left. A direction-indicator lamp or lamps may also be used according to the provisions of UN Regulation No. 97 or No. 116.

2.5.4. " Stop lamp " means a lamp used to indicate to other road users to the rear of the vehicle that the longitudinal movement of the vehicle is intentionally retarded.

2.5.5. " Rear-registration plate illuminating device " means the device used to illuminate the space reserved for the rear registration plate; such a device may consist of several optical components.

2.5.6. " Front position lamp " means the lamp used to indicate the presence and the width of the vehicle when viewed from the front.

2.5.7. " Rear position lamp " means the lamp used to indicate the presence and width of the vehicle when viewed from the rear.

2.5.8. " Retro-reflector " means a device used to indicate the presence of a vehicle by the reflection of light emanating from a light source not connected to the vehicle, the observer being situated near the source. For the purposes of this Regulation the following are not considered as retro-reflectors:

2.5.8.1. Retro-reflecting number plates;

2.5.8.2. The retro-reflecting signals mentioned in the ADR (European Agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road);

2.5.8.3. Other retro-reflective plates and signals which shall be used to comply with national requirements for use as regards certain categories of vehicles or certain methods of operation;

2.5.8.4. Retro-reflecting materials approved as Class D or E or F according to UN Regulations Nos. 104 or No. 150 and used for other purposes in compliance with national requirements.".

2.5.9. " Conspicuity marking " means a device intended to increase the conspicuity of a vehicle, when viewed from the side or rear (or in the case of trailers, additionally from the front), by the reflection of light emanating from a light source not connected to the vehicle, the observer being situated near the source.

2.5.9.1. " Contour marking " means a conspicuity marking intended to indicate the horizontal and vertical dimensions (length, width and height) of a vehicle.

2.5.9.1.1. " Full contour marking " means a contour marking that indicates the outline of the vehicle by a continuous line.

2.5.9.1.2. " Partial contour marking " means a contour marking that indicates the horizontal dimension of the vehicle by a continuous line, and the vertical dimension by marking the upper corners.

2.5.9.2. " Line marking " means a conspicuity marking intended to indicate the horizontal dimensions (length and width) of a vehicle by a continuous line.

2.5.10. " Front fog lamp " means a lamp used to improve the illumination of the road ahead of the vehicle in case of fog or any similar condition of reduced visibility.

2.5.11. " Rear fog lamp " means a lamp used to make the vehicle more easily visible from the rear in dense fog.

2.5.12. " Reversing lamp " means the lamp used to illuminate the road to the rear of the vehicle and to warn other road-users that the vehicle is reversing or about to reverse.

2.5.13. " Parking lamp " means a lamp which is used to draw attention to the presence of a stationary vehicle in a built-up area. In such circumstances it replaces the front and rear position lamps.

2.5.14. " End - outline marker lamp " means the lamp fitted near to the extreme outer edge and as close as possible to the top of the vehicle and intended to indicate clearly the vehicle's overall width. This lamp is intended, for certain vehicles and trailers, to complement the vehicle's front and rear position lamps by drawing particular attention to its bulk.

2.5.15. " Side marker lamp " means a lamp used to indicate the presence of the vehicle when viewed from the side.

2.5.16. " Daytime running lamp " means a lamp facing in a forward direction used to make the vehicle more easily visible when driving during daytime.

2.5.17. " Cornering lamp " means a lamp used to provide supplementary illumination of that part of the road which is located near the forward corner of the vehicle at the side towards which the vehicle is going to turn.

2.5.18. " Exterior courtesy lamp " means a lamp used to provide supplementary illumination to assist the entry and exit of the vehicle driver and passenger or in loading operations;

2.5.19. " Manoeuvring lamp " means a lamp used to provide supplementary illumination to the side of the vehicle to assist during slow manoeuvres.

2.5.20. " External status indicator " means an optical signal mounted on the outside of the vehicle to indicate the status or the change of the status for Vehicle Alarm System (VAS), Alarm System (AS) and immobilizer of UN Regulations No. 97 and No. 116, when the vehicle is parked.

2.6. Signal

2.6.1. " Hazard warning signal " means the simultaneous operation of all of a vehicle's direction-indicator lamps to show that the vehicle temporarily constitutes a special danger to other road users.

2.6.2. " Emergency stop signal " means a signal to indicate to other road users to the rear of the vehicle that a high retardation force has been applied to the vehicle relative to the prevailing road conditions.

2.6.3. " Rear-end collision alert signal (RECAS) " means an automatic signal given by the leading vehicle to the following vehicle. It warns that the following vehicle needs to take emergency action to avoid a collision.

2.7. System

2.7.1. " Aiming " means the positioning of the beam or part thereof on an aiming screen according to the relevant criteria;

2.7.2. " Adjustment " means the use of the means provided by the system for vertical and/or horizontal aiming of the beam;

2.7.3. " Bend lighting " means a lighting function to provide enhanced illumination in bends.

2.7.4. " Adaptive front lighting system " (or " AFS ") means a lighting device type-approved according to UN Regulations Nos. 123 or No. 149, providing beams with differing characteristics for automatic adaptation to varying conditions of use of the dipped-beam (passing-beam) and, if it applies, the main-beam (driving-beam).

2.7.4.1. " Lighting unit " means a light-emitting component designed to provide or contribute to one or more front lighting function(s) provided by the AFS.

2.7.4.2. " Installation unit " means an indivisible housing (lamp body) which contains one or more lighting unit(s).

2.7.4.3. " Lighting mode " or " Mode " of a front-lighting function provided by an AFS means a beam within the provisions either for one of the passing beam classes or for the main beam, designed and specified by the manufacturer for adaptation to dedicated vehicle and ambient conditions;

2.7.4.4. " System control " means that part(s) of the AFS receiving the AFS control signals from the vehicle and controlling the operation of the lighting units automatically.

2.7.4.5. " AFS control signal " (V, E, W, T) means the input to the AFS in accordance with the paragraph 6.22.7.4. of this Regulation.

2.7.4.6. " Neutral state " means the state of the AFS when a defined mode of the class C passing-beam ("basic passing-beam") or of the main beam in the maximum condition of activation, if any, is produced, and no AFS control signal applies.

2.7.4.7. " Adaptive main-beam " means a main-beam of the AFS that adapts its beam pattern to the presence of oncoming and preceding vehicles in order to improve the long-range visibility for the driver without causing discomfort, distraction or glare to other road users.

2.7.5. Definitions with regard to AFS:

2.7.5.1. " Class " of a passing beam (C, V, E or W) means the designation of a passing beam, identified by particular provisions according to UN Regulation No. 48 (For explanation only. The provisions of the passing-beam classes are dedicated to conditions as follows: C for the basic passing-beam, V for use in lit areas such as towns, E for use on roads such as motorways, W for use in adverse conditions such as wet road);

2.7.5.2. " Bending mode " means the designation of a mode of a front-lighting function with its illumination being laterally moved or modified (to obtain an equivalent effect), designed for bends, curves or intersections of the road, and, identified by particular photometric provisions; (a) "Category 1 bending mode" means a bending mode with horizontal movement of the kink of the cut-off; (b) "Category 2 bending mode" means a bending mode without horizontal movement of the kink of the cut-off;

2.7.5.3. " Right side " respectively "left side" means the combined total of the lighting units intended to be installed to that side of the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, relative to its forward motion;

2.7.5.4. " Signal " means any AFS control signal or any additional control input to the system or a control output from the system to the vehicle;

2.7.5.5. " Signal generator " means a device, reproducing one or more of the signals for system tests;

2.7.5.6. " Supply and operating device " means one or more components of a system providing power to one or more parts of the system, including such as power and/or voltage control(s) for one or more light sources as e.g. electronic light source control gears;

2.7.5.7. " System reference axis " for an AFS means the intersection line of the vehicle's longitudinal median plane with the horizontal plane through the centre of reference of one lighting unit specified in the drawings accompanying the application for approval of the device;

2.7.5.8. " Traffic-change function " means any front-lighting function or a mode thereof, or part(s) thereof only, or any combination of these, intended to avoid glare and provide sufficient illumination in case where a vehicle being equipped with a system designed for one traffic direction only is temporarily used in a country with the opposite direction of traffic.

2.7.5.9. " Substitute function " means any specified front-lighting and/or front light-signalling, be it a front-lighting and/or a front light-signalling function, or a mode thereof, or part(s) thereof only, or any combination of it, intended to replace a front-lighting function/ mode in case of failure.

2.7.5.10. " Functional unit " means a part of a lighting unit providing a specific light distribution which may be used for different modes or classes. If used for the bending mode its light distribution may vary as a function of the T-signal (turn-radius); however, the light distribution shall be identical for a given T-signal (turn-radius) in all modes or classes.

2.7.6. Definitions with regard to switching and activation:

2.7.6.1. " Switch ON " means to manually or automatically operate an illuminating or signalling function to effectively emit light, irrespective of whether the function is operating correctly or not.

2.7.6.2. " Switch OFF " means to manually or automatically operate an illuminating or signalling function to stop emitting light, irrespective of whether the function is operating correctly or not.

2.7.6.3. " Activate " means to manually or automatically enable an illuminating or signalling function, irrespective of whether light is emitted or not (e.g. enable stand-by mode).

2.7.6.4. " Deactivate " means to manually or automatically disable an illuminating or signalling function, irrespective of whether light is emitted or not (e.g. disable stand-by mode).

2.7.6.5. " Sequential activation " means an electrical connection where the individual light sources of a lamp are wired such that they are switched ON in a predetermined sequence according to the relevant UN Regulations

2.7.7. " Retro-reflecting optical unit " means a combination of optical components producing retro-reflection.

2.8. Lens

2.8.1. " Lens " means the outermost component of the lamp (unit) which transmits light through the illuminating surface;

2.8.2. " Coating " means any product or products applied in one or more layers to the outer face of a lens;

2.8.3. " Textured outer lens " or " Textured outer lens area " means all or part of an outer lens, designed to modify or influence the propagation of light from the light source(s), such that the light rays are significantly diverted from their original direction.

2.9. Light sources

2.9.1. " Light source " means one or more elements for visible radiation, with a base for mechanical and electrical connection, possibly assembled with one or more components to control the elements for visible radiation.

2.9.1.1. " Replaceable light source " means a light source which is designed to be inserted in and removed from the holder of its device without tool.

2.9.1.2. " Non-replaceable light source " means a light source which can only be replaced by replacement of the device to which this light source is fixed. (a) In case of a light source module: a light source which can only be replaced by replacement of the light source module to which this light source is fixed; (b) In case of AFS: a light source which can only be replaced by replacement of the lighting unit to which this light source is fixed.

2.9.1.3. " Light source module " means an optical part of a device which is specific to that device. It contains one or more non-replaceable light sources and it may optionally contain one or more holders for approved replaceable light sources.

2.9.1.4. " Filament light source " (filament lamp) means a light source where the only element for visible radiation is one or more filaments producing thermal radiation.

2.9.1.5. " Gas-discharge light source " means a light source where the only element for visible radiation is a discharge arc producing electroluminescence.

2.9.1.6. " Light-emitting diode (LED) light source " means a light source where the only element for visible radiation is one or more solid state junctions producing electroluminescence possibly completed with one or more elements for fluorescence-based conversion.

2.9.1.6.1. " LED substitute light source " means a LED light source of a category which has a counterpart light source category producing light by another light generating technology.

2.9.1.7. " LED module " means a light source module containing as light sources only LEDs. However it may optionally contain one or more holders for approved replaceable light sources.

2.9.2. " Electronic light source control gear " means one or more components between supply and light source to control voltage and/ or electrical current of the light source.

2.9.2.1. " Ballast " means one or more components, either between supply and light source or integrated with the light source, to control the electrical current of a gas-discharge light source.

2.9.3. " Variable intensity control " means the device which automatically controls rear light signalling devices producing variable luminous intensities to assure the unvarying perception of their signals. The variable intensity control is part of the lamp, or part of the vehicle, or split between the said lamp and the vehicle.

2.10. Photometry

2.10.1. " Objective luminous flux " means: (a) In the case of a light source: The value of the objective luminous flux, not including any tolerances, as indicated in the relevant data sheet of the applicable light source Regulation according to which the light source is approved; (b) In the case of an LED module: The value of the objective luminous flux as indicated in the technical specification submitted with the LED module for approval of the lamp of which the LED module is a part;

2.10.2. " Light emitting surface " of a " lighting device ", " light-signalling device " or a retro-reflector means the surface as declared in the request for approval by the manufacturer of the device on the drawing, see Annex 3 (see e.g. Parts 1, and 4). This shall be declared according to one of the following conditions: (a) In the case where the outer lens is textured, the declared light emitting surface shall be all or part of the exterior surface of the outer lens; (b) In the case where the outer lens is non-textured the outer lens may be disregarded and the light emitting surface shall be as declared on the drawing, see Annex 3 (see e.g. Part 5).

2.10.3. " Illuminating surface " (see Annex 3).

2.10.3.1. " Illuminating surface of a lighting device " (paragraphs 2.5.1., 2.5.2., 2.5.10., 2.5.12. and 2.5.17.) means the orthogonal projection of the full aperture of the reflector, or in the case of headlamps with an ellipsoidal reflector of the "projection lens", on a transverse plane. If the lighting device has no reflector, the definition of paragraph 2.10.3.2. shall be applied. If the light emitting surface of the lamp extends over part only of the full aperture of the reflector, then the projection of that part only is taken into account. In the case of a dipped-beam headlamp, the illuminating surface is limited by the apparent trace of the cut-off on to the lens. If the reflector and lens are adjustable relative to one another, the mean adjustment should be used. In the case of AFS being installed: where a lighting function is produced by two or more simultaneously operated lighting units on a given side of the vehicle, the individual illuminating surfaces, taken together, constitute the illuminating surface to be considered (for example, in the figure of paragraph 6.22.4. below, the individual illuminating surfaces of the lighting units 8, 9 and 11, regarded together and taking into account their respective location, constitute the illuminating surface to be considered for the right hand side of the vehicle).

2.10.3.2. " Illuminating surface of a light-signalling device other than a retro-reflector " (paragraphs 2.5.3. to 2.5.7., 2.6.1., 2.5.11. and 2.5.13. to 2.5.16.) means the orthogonal projection of the lamp in a plane perpendicular to its axis of reference and in contact with the exterior light-emitting surface of the lamp, this projection being bounded by the edges of screens situated in this plane, each allowing only 98 per cent of the total luminous intensity of the light to persist in the direction of the axis of reference. To determine the lower, upper and lateral limits of the illuminating surface only screens with horizontal or vertical edges shall be used to verify the distance to the extreme edges of the vehicle and the height above the ground. For other applications of the illuminating surface, e.g. distance between two lamps or functions, the shape of the periphery of this illuminating surface shall be used. The screens shall remain parallel, but other orientations are allowed to be used. In the case of a light-signalling device whose illuminating surface encloses either totally or partially the illuminating surface of another function or encloses a non-lighted surface, the illuminating surface may be considered to be the light emitting surface itself (see e.g. Annex 3, Parts 2, 3, 5 and 6).

2.10.3.3. " Illuminating surface of a retro-reflector " (paragraph 2.5.8.) means, as declared by the applicant during the component approval procedure for the retro-reflectors, the orthogonal projection of a retro-reflector in a plane perpendicular to its axis of reference and delimited by planes contiguous to the declared outermost parts of the retro-reflectors' optical system and parallel to that axis. For the purposes of determining the lower, upper and lateral edges of the device, only horizontal and vertical planes shall be considered.

2.10.4. The " apparent surface " for a defined direction of observation means, at the request of the manufacturer or his duly accredited representative, the orthogonal projection of: Either the boundary of the illuminating surface projected on the exterior surface of the lens; Or the light-emitting surface; Only in the case of a light-signalling device producing variable luminous intensities, its apparent surface that may be variable as specified in paragraph 2.9.3. shall be considered under all conditions permitted by the variable intensity control, if applicable. In a plane perpendicular to the direction of observation and tangential to the most exterior point of the lens. Different examples of the application of apparent surface can be found in Annex 3 to this Regulation.

2.10.5. " Axis of reference " (or " reference axis ") means the characteristic axis of the lamp determined by the manufacturer (of the lamp) for use as the direction of reference (H = 0°, V = 0°) for angles of field for photometric measurements and for installing the lamp on the vehicle.

2.10.6. " Centre of reference " means: (a) The intersection of the axis of reference with the exterior light-emitting surface or (b) A point on or near a retro-reflective area which is designated to be the centre of the device for the purpose of specifying its performance; it is specified by the manufacturer of the lamp.

2.10.7. " Angles of geometric visibility " means the angles which determine the field of the minimum solid angle in which the apparent surface of the lamp is visible. That field of the solid angle is determined by the segments of the sphere of which the centre coincides with the centre of reference of the lamp and the equator is parallel with the ground. These segments are determined in relation to the axis of reference. The horizontal angles ß correspond to the longitude and the vertical angles α to the latitude.

2.10.8. " Photometric stability has occurred " means the variation of the luminous intensity for the specified test point is less than 3 per cent within any 15 minute period.

2.10.9. " Gonio(photo)meter system (if not otherwise specified in a particular Regulation) " means a system used for the photometric measurements specified by the angular coordinates in degrees on a sphere with a vertical polar axis according to CIE publication No. 70, Vienna 1987, i.e. corresponding to a gonio(photo)meter system with a horizontal ("elevation") axis fixed to the ground and a second, moveable ("rotation") axis perpendicular to the fixed horizontal axis (see Annex 14 to this Regulation). Note: The above mentioned CIE publication specifies a procedure to correct the angular coordinates in the case where an alternative gonio(photo)meter system is used.

2.10.10. " H plane " means the horizontal plane containing the centre of reference of the lamp.

2.10.11. " V plane " means a vertical plane parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle and containing the center of reference of the lamp.

2.10.12. " Transverse plane " means a vertical plane perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle.

2.10.13. " Angle of divergence " means the angle between the straight lines connecting the centre of reference to the centre of the receiver and to the centre of the source of illumination.

2.10.14. " Illumination angle " means the angle between the axis of reference and the straight line connecting the centre of reference to the centre of the source of illumination.

2.10.15. " Angle of rotation " means the angle through which the retro-reflective device is rotated about its axis of reference starting from one given position.

2.10.16. " Angular diameter of the retro-reflective device " means the angle subtended by the greatest dimension of the visible area of the illuminating surface, either at the centre of the source of illumination or at the centre of the receiver.

2.10.17. " Illumination of the retro-reflective device " is the abbreviated expression used conventionally to designate the illumination measured in a plane perpendicular to the incident rays and passing through the centre of reference.

2.10.18. " Coefficient of luminous intensity (CIL) " means the quotient of the luminous intensity reflected in the direction considered, divided by the illumination of the retro-reflective device for given angles of illumination, divergence and rotation.

2.11. Colour

2.11.1. Colour of the light emitted from a device

2.11.1.1. White " means the chromaticity coordinates (x,y) " means the chromaticity coordinates (x,y) ( 4 ) of the light emitted that lie inside the chromaticity areas defined by the boundaries: W12 green boundary y = 0,150 + 0,640 x W23 yellowish green boundary y = 0,440 W34 yellow boundary x = 0,500 W45 reddish purple boundary y = 0,382 W56 purple boundary y = 0,050 + 0,750 x W61 blue boundary x = 0,310 With intersection points: x y W1 0,310 0,348 W2 0,453 0,440 W3 0,500 0,440 W4 0,500 0,382 W5 0,443 0,382 W6 0,310 0,283

2.11.1.2. " Selective-yellow " means the chromaticity coordinates (x,y) 4 of the light emitted that lie inside the chromaticity areas defined by the boundaries: SY12 green boundary y = 1,290 x - 0,100 SY23 the spectral locus SY34 red boundary y = 0,138 + 0,580 x SY45 yellowish white boundary y = 0,440 SY51 white boundary y = 0,940 - x With intersection points: x y SY1 0,454 0,486 SY2 0,480 0,519 SY3 0,545 0,454 SY4 0,521 0,440 SY5 0,500 0,440

2.11.1.3. " Amber " means the chromaticity coordinates (x,y) 4 of the light emitted that lie inside the chromaticity areas defined by the boundaries: A12 green boundary y = x - 0,120 A23 the spectral locus A34 red boundary y = 0,390 A41 white boundary y = 0,790 - 0,670 x With intersection points: x y A1 0,545 0,425 A2 0,560 0,440 A3 0,609 0,390 A4 0,597 0,390

2.11.1.4. " Red " means the chromaticity coordinates (x,y) 4 of the light emitted that lie inside the chromaticity areas defined by the boundaries: R12 yellow boundary y = 0,335 R23 the spectral locus R34 the purple line (its linear extension across the purple range of colours between the red and the blue extremities of the spectral locus). R41 purple boundary: y = 0,980 – x With intersection points: x y R1 0,645 0,335 R2 0,665 0,335 R3 0,735 0,265 R4 0,721 0,259

2.11.2. Night-time colour of the light retro-reflected from a device excluding retro-reflective tires according to UN Regulation No. 88

2.11.2.1. " White " means the chromaticity coordinates (x,y) 4 of the light reflected that lie inside the chromaticity areas defined by the boundaries: W12 blue boundary: y = 0,843 - 1,182 x W23 violet boundary y = 0,489 x + 0,146 W34 yellow boundary y = 0,968 - 1,010 x W41 green boundary y = 1,442 x - 0,136 With intersection points: x y W1 0,373 0,402 W2 0,417 0,350 W3 0,548 0,414 W4 0,450 0,513

2.11.2.2. " Yellow " means the chromaticity coordinates (x,y) 4 of the light reflected that lie inside the chromaticity areas defined by the boundaries: Y12 green boundary y = x - 0,040 Y23 the spectral locus Y34 red boundary y = 0,200 x + 0,268 Y41 white boundary y = 0,970 - x With intersection points: x y Y1 0,505 0,465 Y2 0,520 0,480 Y3 0,610 0,390 Y4 0,585 0,385

2.11.2.3. " Amber " means the chromaticity coordinates (x,y) 4 of the light reflected that lie inside the chromaticity areas defined by the boundaries: A12 green boundary y = 1,417 x - 0,347 A23 the spectral locus A34 red boundary y = 0,390 A41 white boundary y = 0,790 - 0,670 x With intersection points: x y A1 0,545 0,425 A2 0,557 0,442 A3 0,609 0,390 A4 0,597 0,390

2.11.2.4. " Red " means the chromaticity coordinates (x,y) 4 of the light reflected that lie inside the chromaticity areas defined by the boundaries: R12 yellow boundary y = 0,335 R23 the spectral locus R34 the purple line R41 purple boundary y = 0,978 - x With intersection points: x y R1 0,643 0,335 R2 0,665 0,335 R3 0,735 0,265 R4 0,720 0,258

2.11.3. Day-time Colour of the light reflected from a device

2.11.3.1. " White " means the chromaticity coordinates (x,y) 4 of the light reflected that lie inside the chromaticity areas defined by the boundaries: W12 violet boundary y = x - 0,030 W23 yellow boundary y = 0,740 – x W34 green boundary y = x + 0,050 W41 blue boundary y = 0,570 – x With intersection points: x y W1 0,300 0,270 W2 0,385 0,355 W3 0,345 0,395 W4 0,260 0,310

2.11.3.2. " Yellow " means the chromaticity coordinates (x,y) 4 of the light reflected that lie inside the chromaticity areas defined by the boundaries: Y12 red boundary y = 0,534 x + 0,163 Y23 white boundary y = 0,910 - x Y34 green boundary y =1,342 x - 0,090 Y41 the spectral locus With intersection points: x y Y1 0,545 0,454 Y2 0,487 0,423 Y3 0,427 0,483 Y4 0,465 0,534

2.11.3.3. " Red " means the chromaticity coordinates (x,y) 4 of the light reflected that lie inside the chromaticity areas defined by the boundaries: R12 red boundary y = 0,346 – 0,053 x R23 purple boundary y = 0,910 – x R34 yellow boundary y = 0,350 R41 the spectral locus With intersection points: x y R1 0,690 0,310 R2 0,595 0,315 R3 0,560 0,350 R4 0,650 0,350

2.11.4. Day-time colour of the fluorescent a device

2.11.4.1. " Red " means the chromaticity coordinates (x,y) 4 of the light reflected that lie inside the chromaticity areas defined by the boundaries: FR12 red boundary y = 0,346 – 0,053 x FR23 purple boundary y = 0,910 – x FR34 yellow boundary y = 0,315 + 0,047 x FR41 the spectral locus With intersection points: x y FR1 0,690 0,310 FR2 0,595 0,315 FR3 0,569 0,341 FR4 0,655 0,345

3. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL

3.1. The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to the installation of its lighting and light-signalling devices shall be submitted by the manufacturer or his duly accredited representative.

3.2. It shall be accompanied by the following documents and particulars in triplicate:

3.2.1. A description of the vehicle type with regard to the items mentioned in paragraphs 2.2.1.1. to 2.2.1.4. above, together with the restrictions on loading, particularly the maximum permissible load in the boot;

3.2.2. A list of the devices prescribed by the manufacturer for the lighting and light-signalling assembly. The list may include several types of device for each operation. Each type shall be duly identified (component, type-approval mark, name of manufacturer, etc.), in addition the list may include in respect of each function the additional annotation "or equivalent devices";

3.2.3. A layout drawing of the lighting and light-signalling equipment as a whole, showing the position of the various devices on the vehicle;

3.2.4. If necessary, in order to verify the conformity to the prescriptions of the present Regulation, layout drawing(s) for each individual lamp showing the illuminating surface as defined in paragraph 2.10.3., the light-emitting surface as defined in paragraph 2.10.2., the axis of reference as defined in paragraph 2.10.5. and the centre of reference as defined in paragraph 2.10.6. This information is not necessary in the case of the rear registration plate lamp (paragraph 2.5.5.);

3.2.5. A statement of the method used for the definition of the apparent surface (see paragraph 2.10.4.).

3.2.6. Where an AFS is fitted on the vehicle, the applicant shall submit a detailed description providing the following information:

3.2.6.1. The lighting functions and modes for which the AFS has been approved;

3.2.6.2. The related AFS control signals and their technical characteristics as defined according to Annex 10 to UN Regulation No. 123 or Annex 14 to UN Regulation No. 149.

3.2.6.3. The provisions being applied to adapt automatically the front lighting functions and modes according to paragraph 6.22.7.4. of this Regulation;

3.2.6.4. Special instruction, if any, for the inspection of the light sources and the visual observation of the beam;

3.2.6.5. The documents according to paragraph 6.22.9.2. of this Regulation;

3.2.6.6. The lamps that are grouped or combined with or reciprocally incorporated in the AFS;

3.2.6.7. Lighting units which are designed to comply with the requirements of paragraph 6.22.5. of this Regulation.

3.2.7. For vehicles of M and N categories a description of the electric power supply conditions for the devices indicated in paragraphs 2.5.1., 2.5.2., 2.5.4., 2.5.6. and 2.5.7. above, including, if applicable, information on a special power supply/electronic light source control gear, or variable intensity control.

3.2.8. At the discretion of the manufacturer, a statement indicating whether lamps approved for and equipped with LED substitute light sources are allowed to be installed on the vehicle or not and, if this is allowed, which lamps.

3.3. An unladen vehicle fitted with a complete set of lighting and light-signalling equipment, as prescribed in paragraph 3.2.2. above, and representative of the vehicle type to be approved shall be submitted to the Technical Service responsible for conducting approval tests.

3.4. The document provided in Annex 1 to this Regulation shall be attached to the type-approval documentation.

4. APPROVAL

4.1. If the vehicle type submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation meets the requirements of the Regulation in respect of all the devices specified in the list, approval of that vehicle type shall be granted.

4.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 07, corresponding to the 07 series of amendments) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party shall not assign this number to another vehicle type or to the same vehicle type submitted with equipment not specified in the list referred to in paragraph 3.2.2. above, subject to the provisions of paragraph 7 of this Regulation.

4.3. Notice of approval or of extension or refusal of approval or production definitively discontinued of a vehicle type/part pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation, by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.

4.4. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place specified on the approval form, to every vehicle conforming to a vehicle type approved under this Regulation, an international approval mark consisting of:

4.4.1. A circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval; ( 5 )

4.4.2. The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter "R", a dash and the approval number to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.

4.5. If the vehicle conforms to a vehicle type approved, under one or more other Regulations annexed to the Agreement, in the country which has granted approval under this Regulation, the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1. need not to be repeated, in such a case the Regulation and approval numbers and the additional symbols of all the Regulations under which approval has been granted in the country which has granted approval under this Regulation shall be placed in vertical columns to the right of the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.

4.6. The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible.

4.7. The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the vehicle data plate affixed by the manufacturer.

4.8. Annex 2 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of approval marks.

5. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

5.1. The lighting and light-signalling devices shall be so fitted that under normal conditions of use as defined in paragraphs 2.3.10., 2.3.10.1. and 2.3.10.2. and notwithstanding any vibrations to which they may be subjected, they retain the characteristics prescribed by this Regulation and enable the vehicle to comply with the requirements of this Regulation. In particular, it shall not be possible for the lamps to be inadvertently maladjusted.

5.2. The illuminating lamps described in paragraphs 2.5.1., 2.5.2. and 2.5.10. shall be so installed that correct adjustment of their orientation can easily be carried out.

5.2.1. In the case of headlamps fitted with measures to prevent discomfort to other road-users in a country where traffic operates on the side of the road opposite to that of the country for which the headlamp was designed, such measures shall be achieved automatically or by the vehicle user with the vehicle in the park condition without the need for special tools (other than those provided with the vehicle ( 6 ) ). Detailed instructions shall be provided by the vehicle manufacturer with the vehicle.

5.3. For all light-signalling devices, including those mounted on the side panels, the reference axis of the lamp when fitted to the vehicle shall be parallel to the bearing plane of the vehicle on the road; in addition it shall be perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle in the case of side retro-reflectors and of side-marker lamps and parallel to that plane in the case of all other signalling devices. In each direction a tolerance of ± 3° shall be allowed. In addition, any specific instructions as regards fitting laid down by the manufacturer shall be complied with.

5.4. In the absence of specific instructions, the height and orientation of the lamps shall be verified with the vehicle unladen and placed on a flat, horizontal surface, in the condition defined in paragraphs 2.3.10., 2.3.10.1. and 2.3.10.2. and, in the case where an AFS is installed, with the system in its neutral state.

5.5. In the absence of specific instructions lamps constituting a pair shall:

5.5.1. Be fitted to the vehicle symmetrically in relation to the median longitudinal plane (this estimate to be based on the exterior geometrical form of the lamp and not on the edge of its illuminating surface referred to in paragraph 2.10.3.);

5.5.2. Be symmetrical to one another in relation to the median longitudinal plane, this requirement is not valid with regard to the interior structure of the lamp;

5.5.3. Satisfy the same colorimetric requirements and have substantially identical photometric characteristics. This shall not apply to a matched pair of Class F3 front fog lamps;

5.5.4. Have substantially identical photometric characteristics.

5.6. On vehicles whose external shape is asymmetrical the above requirements shall be satisfied so far as is possible.

5.7 Grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated or single lamps

5.7.1. Lamps may be grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated with one another provided that all requirements regarding colour, position, orientation, geometric visibility, electrical connections and other requirements, if any, are fulfilled.

5.7.1.1. The photometric and colorimetric requirements of a lamp shall be fulfilled when all other functions with which this lamp is grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated are switched OFF. However, when a front or rear position lamp is reciprocally incorporated with one or more other function(s) which can be switched ON together with them, the requirements regarding colour of each of these other functions shall be fulfilled when the reciprocally incorporated function(s) and the front or rear position lamps are switched ON.

5.7.1.2. Stop lamps and direction-indicator lamps are not permitted to be reciprocally incorporated.

5.7.1.3. Where stop lamps and direction-indicator lamps are grouped, the following conditions shall be met:

5.7.1.3.1. Any horizontal or vertical straight line passing through the projections of the apparent surfaces of these functions on a plane perpendicular to the reference axis, shall not intersect more than two borderlines separating adjacent areas of different colour;

5.7.1.3.2. Their apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axis, based upon the areas bounded by the outline of their light emitting surfaces, do not overlap.

5.7.2. Single lamps

5.7.2.1. Single lamps as defined in paragraph 2.4.11.1., subparagraph (a), the apparent surface of which is composed of two or more distinct parts, shall be installed in such a way that: (a) Either the total area of the projection of the distinct parts of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis on a plane tangent to the exterior surface of the outer lens and perpendicular to the reference axis shall occupy not less than 60 per cent of the smallest quadrilateral circumscribing the projection of the said apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis; or (b) The minimum distance between the facing edges of two adjacent/tangential distinct parts of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis shall not exceed 75 mm when measured perpendicularly to the reference axis. These requirements shall not apply to a single retro-reflector.

5.7.2.2. Single lamps as defined in paragraph 2.4.11.1., subparagraph (b) or (c), composed of two lamps marked "D" or two independent retro reflectors, shall be installed in such a way that: (a) Either the projection of the apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axis of the two lamps or retro reflectors occupies not less than 60 per cent of the smallest quadrilateral circumscribing the projections of the said apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axis; or (b) The minimum distance between the facing edges of the apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axis of two lamps or two independent retro reflectors does not exceed 75 mm when measured perpendicularly to the reference axis.

5.7.2.3. Single lamps as defined in paragraph 2.4.11.1., subparagraph (d) shall fulfil the requirements of paragraph 5.7.2.1. Where two or more lamps and/or two or more separate apparent surfaces are included into the same lamp body and/or have a common outer lens these shall not be considered as an interdependent lamp system. However, a lamp in the shape of a band or strip may be part of an interdependent lamp system.

5.7.2.4. Two lamps or an even number of lamps in the shape of a band or strip shall be placed symmetrically in relation to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle, extending on both sides to within at least 0.4 m of the extreme outer edge of the vehicle, and are not less than 0.8 m long; the illumination of such a surface shall be provided by not less than two light sources placed as close as possible to the ends; the light-emitting surface may be constituted by a number of juxtaposed elements on condition that these individual light-emitting surfaces, when projected on a transverse plane fulfil the requirements of paragraph 5.7.2.1.

5.8. The maximum height above the ground shall be measured from the highest point and the minimum height from the lowest point of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis. Where the (maximum and minimum) height above the ground clearly meets the requirements of the Regulation, the exact edges of any surface need not be determined.

5.8.1. For the purposes of reducing the geometric visibility angles, the position of a lamp with regard to height above the ground, shall be measured from the H plane.

5.8.2. In the case of dipped-beam headlamp, the minimum height in relation to the ground is measured from the lowest point of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis independent of its utilization.

5.8.3. The position, as regards width, will be determined from that edge of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis which is the furthest from the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle when referred to the overall width, and from the inner edges of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis when referred to the distance between lamps. Where the position, as regards width, clearly meets the requirements of the Regulation, the exact edges of any surface need not be determined.

5.9. In the absence of specific instructions, the photometric characteristics (e.g. intensity, colour, apparent surface, etc.) of a lamp shall not be intentionally varied during the period when the lamp is switched ON.

5.9.1. Direction-indicator lamps, the vehicle-hazard warning signal, amber side-marker lamps complying with paragraph 6.18.7. below, and the emergency stop signal shall be flashing lamps.

5.9.2. The photometric characteristics of any lamp may vary: (a) In relation to the ambient light; (b) As a consequence of other lamps being switched ON or OFF; or (c) When the lamps is being used to provide another lighting function; provided that any variation in the photometric characteristics is in compliance with the technical provisions for the lamp concerned.

5.9.3. The photometric characteristics of a direction indicator lamp of categories 1, 1a, 1b, 2a or 2b may be varied during a flash by sequential activation of light sources as specified in paragraph 5.6. of UN Regulation No. 6. or paragraph 5.6.11. of UN Regulation No. 148. This provision shall not apply when direction indicator lamps of categories 2a and 2b are operated as emergency stop signal according to paragraph 6.23.1. of this Regulation.

5.10. No red light which could give rise to confusion shall be emitted from a lamp as defined in paragraph 2.1.5. in a forward direction and no white light which could give rise to confusion, shall be emitted from a lamp as defined in paragraph 2.1.5. in a rearward direction. No account shall be taken of lighting devices fitted for the interior lighting of the vehicle. In case of doubt, this requirement shall be verified as follows:

5.10.1. For the visibility of red light towards the front of a vehicle, with the exception of a red rearmost side-marker lamp, there shall be no direct visibility of the apparent surface of a red lamp if viewed by an observer moving within Zone 1 in a transverse plane situated 25 m in front of the vehicle (see Annex 4);

5.10.2. For the visibility of white light towards the rear of a vehicle, with the exception of reversing lamps and white side conspicuity markings, there shall be no direct visibility of the apparent surface of a white lamp if viewed by an observer moving within Zone 2 in a transverse plane situated 25 m behind the vehicle (see Annex 4);

5.10.3. In their respective planes, the zones 1 and 2 explored by the eye of the observer are bounded:

5.10.3.1. In height, by two horizontal planes 1 m and 2.2 m respectively above the ground;

5.10.3.2. In width, by two vertical planes which, forming to the front and to the rear respectively an angle of 15° outwards from the vehicle's median longitudinal plane, pass through the point or points of contact of vertical planes parallel to the vehicle's median longitudinal plane delimiting the vehicle's overall width; if there are several points of contact, the foremost shall correspond to the forward plane and the rearmost to the rearward plane.

5.11. The electrical connections shall be such that the front and rear position lamps, the end-outline marker lamps, if they exist, the side-marker lamps, if they exist, and the rear registration plate lamp can only be switched ON and OFF simultaneously.

5.11.1. This requirement does not apply while one or more of the following conditions exist: (a) Front and rear position lamps, as well as side-marker lamps when combined or reciprocally incorporated with said lamps, are switched ON as parking lamps; (b) Side-marker lamps flash in conjunction with direction indicators; (c) Daytime running lamps are switched ON; (d) Front position lamps function is substituted under the provisions of paragraph 5.12.1. below.

5.11.2. In the case of an interdependent lamp system, all light sources shall be switched ON and OFF simultaneously.

5.12. The electrical connections shall be such that the main-beam and dipped-beam headlamps and the front fog lamps cannot be switched ON unless the lamps referred to in paragraph 5.11. are also switched ON. This requirement shall not apply, however, to main-beam or dipped-beam headlamps when their luminous warnings consist of the intermittent lighting up at short intervals of the main-beam headlamp or the intermittent lighting up at short intervals of the dipped-beam headlamp or the alternate lighting up at short intervals of the main-beam and dipped-beam headlamps.

5.12.1. The dipped-beam headlamps and/or the main-beam headlamps and/or the front fog lamps may substitute the function of the front position lamps, provided that:

5.12.1.1. Their electrical connections are such that in case of failure of any of these lighting devices the front position lamps are automatically switched ON again; and

5.12.1.2. The substituting lamp/function meets, for the respective position lamp, the requirements concerning: (a) The geometric visibility prescribed for the front position lamps in 6.9.5; and (b) The minimum photometric values according to the angles of light distribution; and

5.12.1.3. Appropriate evidence demonstrating compliance with the requirements indicated in paragraph 5.12.1.2. above is provided in the test reports of the substituting lamp.

5.13. Tell-tale Where a closed-circuit tell-tale is prescribed by this Regulation it may be replaced by an "operating" tell-tale.

5.14. Concealable lamps

5.14.1. The concealment of lamps shall be prohibited, with the exception of the main-beam headlamps, the dipped-beam headlamps and the front fog lamps, which may be concealed when they are not in use.

5.14.2. In the event of any failure affecting the operation of the concealment device(s) the lamps shall remain in the position of use, if already in use, or shall be capable of being moved into the position of use without the aid of tools.

5.14.3. It shall be possible to move the lamps into the position of use and to switch them ON by means of a single control, without excluding the possibility of moving them into the position of use without switching them ON. However, in the case of grouped main-beam and dipped-beam headlamps, the control referred to above is required only to activate the dipped-beam headlamps.

5.14.4. It shall not be possible deliberately, from the driver's seat, to stop the movement of switched ON lamps before they reach the position of use. If there is a danger of dazzling other road users by the movement of the lamps, they may light up only when they have reached their position of use.

5.14.5. When the concealment device has a temperature of -30 °C to +50 °C the headlamps shall be capable of reaching the position of use within three seconds of initial operation of the control.

5.15. The colours of the light emitted by the lamps ( 7 ) are the following: Main-beam headlamp: White Dipped-beam headlamp: White Front fog lamp: White or selective yellow Reversing lamp: White Direction-indicator lamp: Amber Hazard warning signal: Amber Stop lamp: Red Emergency stop signal : Amber or red Rear-end collision alert signal: Amber Rear registration plate lamp: White Front position lamp: White Rear position lamp: Red Rear fog lamp: Red Parking lamp: White in front, red at the rear, amber if reciprocally incorporated in the side direction-indicator lamps or in the side-marker lamps. Side-marker lamp: Amber; however the rearmost side- marker lamp can be red if it is grouped or combined or reciprocally incorporated with the rear position lamp, the rear end-outline marker lamp, the rear fog lamp, the stop lamp or is grouped or has part of the light emitting surface in common with the rear retro-reflector. End-outline marker lamp: White in front, red at the rear Daytime running lamp: White Rear retro-reflector, non- triangular: Red Rear retro-reflector, triangular: Red Front retro-reflector, non- triangular: Identical to incident light (8) Side retro-reflector, non- triangular: Amber; however the rearmost side retro-reflector can be red if it is grouped or has part of the light emitting surface in common with the rear position lamp, the rear end outline marker lamp, the rear fog lamp, the stop-lamp, the red rearmost side-marker lamp or the rear retro-reflector, non- triangular. Cornering lamp: White Conspicuity marking: White to the front; White or yellow to the side; Red or yellow to the rear. (9) Adaptive front-lighting systems (AFS): White Exterior courtesy lamp: White Manoeuvring lamp: White

5.16. Number of lamps

5.16.1. The number of lamps mounted on the vehicle shall be equal to the number indicated in the individual specifications of this Regulation.

5.17. Any lamp may be installed on movable components provided that the conditions specified in paragraphs 5.18., 5.19. and 5.20. are fulfilled.

5.18. Rear position lamps, rear direction-indicators and rear retro-reflectors, triangular as well as non-triangular, may be installed on movable components only:

5.18.1. If at all fixed positions of the movable components the lamps on the movable components meet all the position, geometric visibility, colorimetric and photometric requirements for those lamps.

5.18.2. In the case where the functions referred to in paragraph 5.18. are obtained by an assembly of two lamps marked "D" (see paragraph 2.4.11.1.), only one of the lamps needs to meet the position, geometric visibility and photometric requirements for those lamps at all fixed positions of the movable components. or

5.18.3. Where additional lamps for the above functions are fitted and are switched ON, when the movable component is in any fixed open position, provided that these additional lamps satisfy all the position, geometric visibility and photometric requirements applicable to the lamps installed on the movable component.

5.18.4. In the case where the functions referred to in paragraph 5.18. are obtained by an interdependent lamp system either of the following conditions shall apply: (a) Should the complete interdependent lamp system be mounted on the moving component(s), the requirements of paragraph 5.18.1. shall be satisfied. However, additional lamps for the above functions may be switched ON, when the movable component is in any fixed open position, provided that these additional lamps satisfy all the position, geometric visibility, colorimetric and photometric requirements applicable to the lamps installed on the movable component; or (b) Should the interdependent lamp system be partly mounted on the fixed component and partly mounted on a movable component, with the exception of direction indicator lamps, the interdependent lamp(s) specified by the Applicant during the device approval procedure shall meet all the position, outwards geometric visibility, colorimetric and photometric requirements for those lamps, at all fixed positions of the movable component(s). The inwards geometric visibility requirement(s) is(are) deemed to be satisfied if this(these) interdependent lamp(s) still conform(s) to the photometric values prescribed in the field of light distribution for the approval of the device, at all fixed positions of the movable component(s). For direction indicator lamps, the interdependent lamp(s) specified by the Applicant during the device approval procedure shall meet all the position, geometric visibility, photometric and colorimetric requirements at all fixed positions of the movable component(s). This does not apply where, to fulfil or complete the geometric visibility angle, additional lamps are switched ON when the movable component is in any fixed open position, provided that these additional lamps satisfy all the position, photometric and colorimetric requirements applicable to the direction indicator lamps installed on the movable component.

5.19. When the movable components are in a position other than a "normal position of use", the devices installed on them shall not cause undue discomfort to road users.

5.20. When a lamp is installed on a movable component and the movable component is in the "normal position(s) of use", the lamp shall always return to the position(s) specified by the manufacturer in accordance with this Regulation. In the case of dipped-beam headlamps and front fog lamps, this requirement shall be considered satisfied if, when the movable components are moved and returned to the normal position 10 times, no value of the angular inclination of these lamps, relative to its support, measured after each operation of the movable component, differs by more than 0.15 per cent from the average of the 10 measured values. If this value is exceeded each limit specified in paragraph 6.2.6.1.1. shall then be modified by this excess to decrease the allowed range of inclinations when checking the vehicle according to Annex 6.

5.21. The apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis of front and rear position lamps, front and rear direction-indicator lamps and retro-reflectors shall not be hidden more than 50 per cent by any movable component, with or without a light-signalling device installed on it, in any fixed position different from the "normal position of use". Fixed position of a movable component means the stable or natural rest position(s) of the movable component specified by the vehicle manufacturer, whether locked or not. If the above requirement is not practicable:

5.21.1. Additional lamps satisfying all the position, geometric visibility , colorimetric and photometric requirements for the above indicated lamps shall be switched ON when the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis of these lamps is more than 50 per cent hidden by the movable component;

5.21.2. A remark in the communication form (item 10.1. of Annex 1) shall inform other Administrations that more than 50 per cent of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis can be hidden by the movable components; and A notice in the vehicle shall inform the user that in certain position(s) of the movable components other road users shall be warned of the presence of the vehicle on the road; for example by means of a warning triangle or other devices according to national requirements for use on the road.

5.21.3. Paragraph 5.21.2. does not apply to retro-reflectors.

5.22. With the exception of retro-reflectors, a lamp even bearing an approval mark is deemed not to be present when it cannot be made to operate by the sole installation of a light source and/or a fuse.

5.23. Lamps approved with light source(s) according to UN Regulation No. 37, except when such light sources are used as non-replaceable light source(s) as defined in paragraph 2.9.1.2., shall be fitted in a vehicle in such a way that the light source can be correctly replaced without the need for expert assistance and without the need for special tools, other than those provided with the vehicle by the manufacturer. The vehicle manufacturer shall provide with the vehicle a detailed description of the procedure for replacement.

5.23.1. In the case where a light source module includes a holder for an approved replaceable light source according to Regulation No. 37, this light source shall be replaceable as required in paragraph 5.23. above.

5.24. Any temporary fail-safe replacement of the light-signalling function of a rear position lamp is allowed, provided that the replacement function in case of a failure is similar in colour, main intensity and position to the function that has ceased to operate and provided that the replacement device remains operational in its original safety function. During replacement, a tell-tale on the dashboard (paragraph 2.3.5. of this Regulation) shall indicate occurrence of a temporary replacement and need for repair.

5.25. Where an AFS is fitted, it shall be considered equivalent to a pair of dipped-beam headlamps and, if it provides main-beam function(s), it shall be considered equivalent to a pair of main-beam headlamps.

5.26. Rear direction-indicator lamps, rear position lamps, stop lamps (except stop lamps of category S4) and rear fog lamps with variable luminous intensity control are allowed, which respond simultaneously to at least one of the following external influences: ambient lighting, fog, snowfall, rain, spray, dust clouds, contamination of the light emitting surface, provided that their prescribed intensity relationship is maintained throughout variation transitions. No sharp variation of intensity shall be observed during transition. Stop lamps of category S4 may produce variable luminous intensity independent from the other lamps. It may be possible for the driver to set the functions above to luminous intensities corresponding to their steady category and to return them to their automatic variable category.

5.27. For vehicles of M and N categories the applicant shall demonstrate to the Technical Service responsible for type approval testing that the electric power supply conditions for the devices indicated in 2.5.1., 2.5.2., 2.5.4., 2.5.6. and 2.5.7. above comply, when the electrical system of the vehicle is in a constant voltage operating condition, representative for the relevant category of powered vehicle as specified by the applicant, with the following provisions:

5.27.1. The voltage supplied at the terminals of devices which, according to their type approval documentation, have been tested by the application of a special power supply/electronic light source control gear, or in a secondary operating mode or at a voltage requested by the applicant, shall not exceed the voltage specified for the relevant devices or functions as they have been approved.

5.27.2. In all cases of electric power supply conditions not covered by paragraph 5.27.1., the voltage at the terminals of the device(s) or function(s) shall not exceed 6.75 V (6 Volt-Systems), 13.5 V (12 Volt-Systems) or 28 V (24 Volt-Systems) by more than 3 per cent. The means of controlling the maximum voltage at the terminals of the device may, for convenience, be located within the body of the device.

5.27.3. The provisions of paragraphs 5.27.1. and 5.27.2. shall not apply to devices which include an electronic light source control gear or a variable intensity control being part of the device.

5.27.4. A report shall be attached to the approval documentation describing the methods used to demonstrate compliance and the results obtained.

5.28. General provisions relating to geometric visibility

5.28.1. There shall be no obstacle on the inside of the angles of geometric visibility to the propagation of light from any part of the apparent surface of the lamp observed from infinity. However, no account is taken of obstacles, if they were already presented when the lamp was type-approved.

5.28.2. If measurements are taken closer to the lamp, the direction of observation shall be shifted parallel to achieve the same accuracy.

5.28.3. If, when the lamp is installed, any part of the apparent surface of the lamp is hidden by any further parts of the vehicle, proof shall be furnished that the part of the lamp not hidden by obstacles still conforms to the photometric values prescribed for the approval of the device.

5.28.4. When the vertical angle of geometric visibility below the horizontal may be reduced to 5 o (lamp at less than 750 mm above the ground measured according to the provisions of paragraph 5.8.1. above) the photometric field of measurements of the installed optical unit may be reduced to 5 o below the horizontal.

5.28.5. In the case of an interdependent lamp system the geometric visibility requirements shall be fulfilled when all its interdependent lamps are operated together.

5.29. A LED module does not need to be replaceable, if so stated in the communication sheet of the component type approval.

5.30. All lamps (devices) shall, where applicable, be type approved according to the corresponding device UN Regulations as specified in the relevant subparagraphs of paragraph 6. of this Regulation when installed on a vehicle.

5.31. Lamps installed on a vehicle which is approved according to this Regulation and approved for one or more replaceable light source categories according to UN Regulations Nos. 37, 99 or 128, shall be fitted with light sources approved according to these light source categories only. This requirement does not concern light source modules, LED modules and non-replaceable light sources, except for when they are required to be approved by the applicable UN Regulation.

5.32. External status indicator One external status indicator for Vehicle Alarm System (VAS), Alarm System (AS) and immobilizer is allowed if: (a) The light intensity in any direction does not exceed 0.5 cd; (b) The colour of the light emitted is white, red or amber; (c) The area of the apparent surface is not larger than 20 cm2. Up to two external status indicators for Vehicle Alarm System (VAS), Alarm System (AS) and immobiliser are allowed on a vehicle provided that the apparent surface does not exceed 10 cm2 per indicator.

5.33. A device type approved according to any preceding series of amendments to UN Regulations Nos. 148 and/or 149 and/or 150 is deemed equivalent to one approved according to the latest series of amendments to the pertinent UN Regulations Nos. 148 and/or 149 and/or 150, when the change indexes (defined in paragraph 2.1.6.) related to each individual lamp (function) do not differ. In this case such a device may be fitted on the vehicle to be type approved without any update of the device type approval documents and device markings.

5.34. The use of lamps approved for and equipped with LED substitute light source(s), is allowed exclusively in the case where the statement indicated in paragraph 3.2.8. is present and positive. To verify that this statement is respected, both at the type approval and in the conformity of production verification, the presence of the marking on the lamps related to the use of LED substitute light source(s) shall be checked.

6. INDIVIDUAL SPECIFICATIONS

6.1. Main-beam headlamp (UN Regulations Nos. 98, 112 or 149)

6.1.1. Presence Mandatory on motor vehicles. Prohibited on trailers.

6.1.2. Number Two or four, type approved according to (a) UN Regulation No. 98 or 112, excluding Class A headlamp; or (b) UN Regulation No. 149, Classes B and D headlamps only. For vehicles of the category N3: Two extra main-beam headlamps may be installed. Where a vehicle is fitted with four concealable headlamps the installation of two additional headlamps shall only be authorized for the purpose of light-signalling, consisting of intermittent switching ON, at short intervals (see paragraph 5.12. above) in daylight.

6.1.3. Arrangement No individual specifications.

6.1.4. Position

6.1.4.1. In width: No individual specifications.

6.1.4.2. In height: No individual specifications.

6.1.4.3. In length: At the front of the vehicle. This requirement shall be deemed to be satisfied if the light emitted does not cause discomfort to the driver either directly or indirectly through the devices for indirect vision and/or other reflecting surfaces of the vehicle.

6.1.5. Geometric visibility The visibility of the illuminating surface, including its visibility in areas which do not appear to be illuminated in the direction of observation considered, shall be ensured within a divergent space defined by generating lines based on the perimeter of the illuminating surface and forming an angle of not less than 5° with the axis of reference of the headlamp. The origin of the angles of geometric visibility is the perimeter of the projection of the illuminating surface on a transverse plane tangent to the foremost part of the lens of the headlamp.

6.1.6. Orientation Towards the front. Not more than one main-beam headlamp on each side of the vehicle may swivel to produce bend lighting.

6.1.7. Electrical connections

6.1.7.1. Except when they are used to give intermittent luminous warnings at short intervals, the main-beam headlamps may be switched ON only when the dipped-beam headlamps are manually activated or the conditions for automatic switching ON of dipped-beam headlamps exist. Consequently, the main beam headlamps shall be switched OFF automatically when the dipped-beam headlamps are manually deactivated or the conditions for automatic switching ON of dipped-beam headlamps ceased to exist.

6.1.7.2. The control of the main-beam headlamps may be automatic regarding their switching ON and OFF, the control signals being produced by a sensor system which is capable of detecting and reacting to each of the following inputs: (a) Ambient lighting conditions; (b) The light emitted by the front lighting devices and front light-signalling devices of oncoming vehicles; (c) The light emitted by the rear light-signalling devices of preceding vehicles. Additional sensor functions to improve performance are allowed. For the purpose of this paragraph, "vehicles" means vehicles of categories L, M, N, O, T, as well as bicycles, such vehicles being equipped with retro-reflectors, with lighting and light-signalling devices, which are switched ON.

6.1.7.3. It shall always be possible to switch the main-beam headlamps ON and OFF manually and to manually deactivate the automatic control of the main-beam headlamps. Moreover, the switching OFF of the main-beam headlamps and the deactivation of their automatic control shall be by means of a simple and immediate manual operation; the use of sub-menus is not allowed.

6.1.7.4. The main-beam headlamps may be switched ON either simultaneously or in pairs. In case the extra two main-beam headlamps are installed, as permitted under paragraph 6.1.2. for vehicles of the category N 3 only, no more than two pairs may be simultaneously lit. For changing over from the dipped to the main beam at least one pair of main-beam headlamps shall be switched ON. For changing over from the main-beam to the dipped-beam all main-beam headlamps shall be switched OFF simultaneously.

6.1.7.5. The dipped-beams may remain switched ON at the same time as the main beams.

6.1.7.6. Where four concealable headlamps are fitted their raised position shall prevent the simultaneous operation of any additional headlamps fitted, if these are intended to provide light signals consisting of intermittent switching ON at short intervals (paragraph 5.12.) in daylight.

6.1.8. Tell-tale Circuit-closed tell-tale mandatory.

6.1.8.1. If the control of the main-beam headlamps is automatic as described in paragraph 6.1.7.1. above an indication shall be provided to the driver that the automatic control of the main-beam function is activated. This information shall remain displayed as long as the automatic operation is activated.

6.1.9. Other requirements

6.1.9.1. The aggregate maximum intensity of the main-beam headlamps which can be switched ON simultaneously shall not exceed 430 000 cd, which corresponds to a reference value of 100.

6.1.9.2. This maximum intensity shall be obtained by adding together the individual reference marks which are indicated on the several headlamps. The reference mark "10" shall be given to each of the headlamps marked "R" or "CR".

6.1.9.3. Automatic switching ON and OFF of the main-beam headlamps:

6.1.9.3.1. The sensor system used to control the automatic switching ON and OFF of the main-beam headlamps, as described in paragraph 6.1.7.1., shall comply with the following requirements:

6.1.9.3.1.1. The boundaries of the minimum fields in which the sensor is able to detect light emitted from other vehicles defined in paragraph 6.1.7.1. above are defined by the angles indicated below.

6.1.9.3.1.1.1. Horizontal angles: 15° to the left and 15° to the right. Vertical angles: Upward angle 5° Mounting height of the sensor (centre of sensor aperture above the ground) Less than 2 m Between 1,5 m and 2,5 m Greater than 2,0 m Downward angle 2° 2° to 5° 5° These angles are measured from the centre of the sensor aperture relative to a horizontal straight line through its centre and parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.

6.1.9.3.1.2. The sensor system shall be able to detect on a straight level road: (a) An oncoming power driven vehicle at a distance extending to at least 400 m; (b) A preceding power driven vehicle or a vehicle-trailers combination at a distance extending to at least 100 m; (c) An oncoming bicycle at a distance extending to at least 75 m, its illumination represented by a white lamp with a luminous intensity of 150 cd with a light emitting area of 10 cm2 ± 3 cm2 and a height above a ground of 0,8 m. To verify compliance with (a) and (b) above, the oncoming and preceding power driven vehicle (or vehicle-trailer combination) shall have position lamps (if applicable) and dipped-beam headlamps switched ON.

6.1.9.3.2. The transition from main-beam to dipped-beam and vice versa according to the conditions indicated in paragraph 6.1.7.1. above may be performed automatically and shall not cause discomfort, distraction or glare.

6.1.9.3.3. The overall performance of the automatic control shall be verified by:

6.1.9.3.3.1. Means of simulation or other means of verification accepted by the Type Approval Authority , as provided by the applicant.

6.1.9.3.3.2. A test drive according to paragraph 1 in Annex 12. The performance of the automatic control shall be documented and checked against the applicant’s description. Any obvious malfunctioning shall be contested (e. g. excessive angular movement or flicker).

6.1.9.3.4. The control of the main-beam headlamps may be such that the main-beam headlamps are switched ON automatically only when: (a) No vehicles, as mentioned in paragraph 6.1.7.1. above, are detected within the fields and distances according to paragraphs 6.1.9.3.1.1. and 6.1.9.3.1.2.; and (b) The detected ambient lighting levels are as prescribed in paragraph 6.1.9.3.5. below.

6.1.9.3.5. In the case where main-beam headlamps are switched ON automatically, they shall be switched OFF automatically when oncoming or preceding vehicles, as mentioned in paragraph 6.1.7.1. above, are detected within the fields and distances according to paragraphs 6.1.9.3.1.1. and 6.1.9.3.1.2. Moreover, they shall be switched OFF automatically when the illuminance produced by ambient lighting conditions exceeds 7 000 lx. Compliance with with this requirement shall be demonstrated by the applicant, using simulation or other means of verification accepted by the Type Approval Authority. If necessary the illuminance shall be measured on a horizontal surface, with a cosine corrected sensor on the same height as the mounting position of the sensor on the vehicle. This may be demonstrated by the manufacturer by sufficient documentation or by other means accepted by the Type Approval Authority.

6.2. Dipped-beam headlamp (UN Regulations Nos. 98, 112 or 149)

6.2.1. Presence Mandatory on motor vehicles. Prohibited on trailers.

6.2.2. Number Two, type approved according to (a) UN Regulation No. 98 or 112, excluding Class A headlamp, or (b) UN Regulation 149, Classes B and D headlamps only.

6.2.3. Arrangement No special requirement.

6.2.4. Position

6.2.4.1. In width: that edge of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis which is farthest from the vehicle's median longitudinal plane shall be not more than 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. The inner edges of the apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axes shall be not less than 600 mm apart. This does not apply, however, for M1 and N1 category vehicles; for all other categories of motor vehicles this distance may be reduced to 400 mm where the overall width of the vehicle is less than 1 300 mm.

6.2.4.2. In height: not less than 500 mm and not more than 1 200 mm above the ground. For category N2G, N3G, M2G, M3G (off-road) vehicles ( 10 ) the maximum height may be increased to 1 500 mm.

6.2.4.3. In length: at the front of the vehicle. This requirement shall be deemed to be satisfied if the light emitted does not cause discomfort to the driver either directly, or indirectly through the devices for indirect vision and/or other reflecting surfaces of the vehicle.

6.2.5. Geometric visibility Defined by angles α and ß as specified in paragraph 2.10.7.: α = 15° upwards and 10° downwards, ß = 45° outwards and 10° inwards. The presence of partitions or other items of equipment near the headlamp shall not give rise to secondary effects causing discomfort to other road users .

6.2.6. Orientation Towards the front

6.2.6.1. Vertical orientation

6.2.6.1.1. The initial downward inclination of the cut-off of the dipped-beam to be set in the unladen vehicle state with one person in the driver's seat shall be specified within an accuracy of 0,1 per cent by the manufacturer and indicated in a clearly legible and indelible manner on each vehicle close to either headlamp or the manufacturer's plate by the symbol shown in Annex 7. The value of this indicated downward inclination shall be defined in accordance with paragraph 6.2.6.1.2.

6.2.6.1.2. Depending on the mounting height in metres (h) of the lower edge of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis of the dipped-beam headlamp, measured on the unladen vehicles, the vertical inclination of the cut-off of the dipped- beam shall, under all the static conditions of Annex 5, remain between the following limits and the initial aiming shall have the following values: h < 0,8 Limits : between -0,5 per cent and -2,5 per cent Initial aiming : between -1,0 per cent and -1,5 per cent 0,8 < h < 1,0 Limits : between -0,5 per cent and -2,5 per cent Initial aiming : between -1,0 per cent and -1,5 per cent Or, at the discretion of the manufacturer, Limits : between -1,0 per cent and -3,0 per cent Initial aiming : between -1,5 per cent and -2,0 per cent The application for the vehicle type-approval shall, in this case, contain information as to which of the two alternatives is to be used, h > 1,0 Limits : between -1,0 per cent and -3,0 per cent Initial aiming : between -1,5 per cent and -2,0 per cent The above limits and the initial aiming values are summarized in the diagram below. For category N3G (off-road) vehicles where the headlamps exceed a height of 1 200 mm, the limits for the vertical inclination of the cut-off shall be between: -1,5 per cent and -3,5 per cent. The initial aim shall be set between:-2 per cent and -2,5 per cent.

6.2.6.2. Headlamp levelling device

6.2.6.2.1. In the case where a headlamp levelling device is necessary to satisfy the requirements of paragraphs 6.2.6.1.1. and 6.2.6.1.2., the device shall be automatic.

6.2.6.2.2. However, devices which are adjusted manually, either continuously or non-continuously, shall be permitted, provided they have a stop position at which the lamps can be returned to the initial inclination defined in paragraph 6.2.6.1.1. by means of the usual adjusting screws or similar means. These manually adjustable devices shall be operable from the driver's seat. Continually adjustable devices shall have reference marks indicating the loading conditions that require adjustment of the dipped-beam. The number of positions on devices which are not continuously adjustable shall be such as to ensure compliance with the range of values prescribed in paragraph 6.2.6.1.2. in all the loading conditions defined in Annex 5. For these devices also, the loading conditions of Annex 5 that require adjustment of the dipped-beam shall be clearly marked near the control of the device (Annex 8).

6.2.6.2.3. In the event of a failure of devices described in paragraphs 6.2.6.2.1. and 6.2.6.2.2., the dipped-beam shall not assume a position in which the dip is less than it was at the time when the failure of the device occurred.

6.2.6.3. Measuring procedure

6.2.6.3.1. After adjustment of the initial inclination, the vertical inclination of the dipped-beam, expressed in per cent, shall be measured in static conditions under all the loading conditions defined in Annex 5.

6.2.6.3.2. The measurement of the variation of dipped-beam inclination as a function of load shall be carried out in accordance with the test procedure set out in Annex 6.

6.2.6.4. Horizontal orientation The horizontal orientation of one or both dipped-beam headlamps may be varied to produce bend lighting, provided that if the whole beam or the kink of the elbow of the cut-off is moved, the kink of the elbow of the cut-off shall not intersect the line of the trajectory of the centre of gravity of the vehicle at distances from the front of the vehicle which are larger than 100 times the mounting height of the respective dipped-beam headlamps.

6.2.7. Electrical connections

6.2.7.1. When changing from the main beam to the dipped-beam, all main-beams shall be switched OFF simultaneously.

6.2.7.2. The dipped-beam may remain switched ON at the same time as the main-beam.

6.2.7.3. In the case of dipped-beam headlamps according to UN Regulation Nos. 98 or 149 the gas-discharge light sources shall remain switched ON during the main-beam operation.

6.2.7.4. One additional light source or one or more LED module(s), located inside the dipped-beam headlamps or in a lamp (except the main-beam headlamp) grouped or reciprocally incorporated with the respective dipped-beam headlamps, may be activated to produce bend lighting, provided that the horizontal radius of curvature of the trajectory of the centre of gravity of the vehicle is 500 m or less. This may be demonstrated by the manufacturer by calculation or by other means accepted by the Type Approval Authority.

6.2.7.5. Dipped-beam headlamps may be switched ON or OFF automatically. However, it shall be always possible to switch these dipped-beam headlamps ON and OFF manually.

6.2.7.6. The dipped-beam headlamps shall be switched ON and OFF automatically relative to the ambient light conditions (e.g. switch ON during night-time driving conditions, tunnels, etc.) according to the requirements of Annex 13.

6.2.7.7. Without prejudice to paragraph 6.2.7.6., the dipped-beam headlamps may switch ON and OFF automatically relative to other factors such as time or ambient conditions (e.g. time of the day, vehicle location, rain, fog, etc.)

6.2.8. Tell-tale

6.2.8.1. Tell-tale optional

6.2.8.2. A visual tell-tale whether flashing or not is mandatory: (a) In the case where the whole beam or the kink of the elbow of the cut-off is moved to produce bend lighting; or (b) If one or more LED modules are used to produce the principal dipped-beam, except when they are wired so that the failure of any one LED module causes all of them to stop emitting light. It shall be activated: (a) In the event of a malfunction of the displacement of the kink of the elbow of the cut-off; or (b) In case of a failure of any one of the LED module(s) producing the principal dipped-beam, except when they are wired so that the failure of any one LED module causes all of them to stop emitting light. It shall remain activated while the failure is present. It may be cancelled temporarily, but shall be repeated whenever the device, which starts and stops the propulsion system, is switched ON and OFF.

6.2.9. Other requirements The requirements of paragraph 5.5.2. shall not apply to dipped-beam headlamps. Dipped-beam headlamps with a light source or LED module(s) producing the principal dipped-beam and having a total objective luminous flux which exceeds 2 000 lumen shall only be installed in conjunction with the installation of headlamp cleaning device(s) according to UN Regulation No. 45 (11). With respect to vertical inclination the provisions of paragraph 6.2.6.2.2. above shall not be applied for dipped-beam headlamps with a light source or LED module(s) producing the principal dipped beam and having an objective luminous flux which exceeds 2 000 lumens. In the case of filament lamps for which more than one test voltage is speci