COMMON MANUAL

(2002/C 313/02)

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

The Common Manual, as adopted by the Executive Commitee stablished by the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement of 14 June 1985 (listed under reference SCH/Com-ex (99) 13 in annex A to Council Decision 1999/435/EC OJ L 176, 10.7.1999, p. 1), has since been amended on several occasions pursuant to the provisions of Council Regulation (EC) No 790/2001 of 24 April 2001 (OJ L 116, 26.4.2001, p. 5). The Common Manual, as amended to date, is published here following the adoption of two Council Decisions declassifying the text of the Common Manual itself and all but three of its Annexes (see Council Decision 2000/751/EC (OJ L 303, 2.12.2000, p. 29) and Council Decision 2002/535/EC (OJ L 123, 9.5.2002, p. 49)).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: CONDITIONS FOR ENTERING THE TERRITORY OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES

PART II: BORDER CHECKS

(1) Annexes 2 and 3 have been deleted by Council Decision 2002/352/EC ( OJ L 123, 9.5.2002, p. 47 ). Applicable since 1 June 2002.

The entry into force of the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement entails the abolition of checks at internal borders and moving them to external borders. As a result, the checks carried out at the external borders of the area covered by the Convention, benefit not only the States at whose external borders they are carried out but also all the Contracting Parties, whose interests must be taken into account by the officials carrying out such checks.

PART I: CONDITIONS FOR ENTERING THE TERRITORY OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES

1. Crossing external borders

Article 3 of the Implementing Convention

‘1. External borders may in principle only be crossed at border crossing points and during the fixed opening hours. More detailed provisions, exceptions and arrangements for local border traffic, and rules governing special categories of maritime traffic such as pleasure boating and coastal fishing, shall be adopted by the Executive Committee. 2. The Contracting Parties undertake to introduce penalties for the unauthorised crossing of external borders at places other than crossing points or at times other than the fixed opening hours’

1.1. Consequences of authorisation to enter

A person who has lawfully entered the territory of one of the Contracting Parties by its external border may normally move about freely within the territory of all the Contracting Parties during a period not exceeding three months.

1.2. Crossing the border at authorised border crossing points

External borders may be crossed at the authorised border crossing points provided for in Annex 1 during the stipulated opening hours. ‘The unauthorised crossing of external borders at places other than border crossing points or at times other than the fixed opening hours is punishable by the penalties provided for by national law’ (1). Opening hours must be indicated at border posts by a notice.

1.3. Crossing the border at places other than authorised border crossing points

(…)

(2)

— persons in respect of whom provision is made for the appropriate permits under bilateral agreements on local border traffic, — known in Italy as ‘local border traffic’ or ‘excursion traffic’ (1).

— seamen who go ashore in accordance with point 6.5.2.

1.3.1. (2) The competent authorities under national law may issue individuals or groups of persons with a special permit enabling them to cross the external border at places other than authorised crossing points or outside the stipulated times: — where there is a requirement of a special nature, and — it does not conflict with the interests of public policy and the national security of the Contracting Parties. In all cases, such a permit may be issued only if the person requesting it produces the necessary documents when crossing the border.

1.3.2. Nationals of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the French Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Kingdom of the Netherlands shall be authorised to cross, at any point, the borders of the State whose nationality they hold.

1.3.3. Derogations from the provisions of point 1.2. in connection with local border traffic, known in Italy as ‘local border traffic’ or ‘excursion traffic’, are granted in accordance with the bilateral agreements concluded by the Member States with bordering third States (1).

2. Documents recognised as valid for the crossing of external borders

Article 5 of the Implementing Convention:

‘1. For stays not exceeding three months, aliens fulfilling the following conditions may be granted entry into the territories of the Contracting Parties: (a) that the aliens possess a valid document or documents, as defined by the Executive Committee, authorising them to cross the border; (b) that the aliens are in possession of a valid visa if required; (c) that the aliens produce, if necessary, documents justifying the purpose and conditions of the intended stay and that they have sufficient means of subsistence, both for the period of the intended stay and for the return to their country of origin or transit to a third State into which they are certain to be admitted, or are in a position to acquire such means lawfully; (d) that the aliens shall not be persons for whom an alert has been issued for the purposes of refusing entry; (e) that the aliens shall not be considered to be a threat to public policy, national security or the international relations of any of the Contracting Parties. 2. An alien who does not fulfil all the above conditions must be refused entry into the territories of the Contracting Parties unless a Contracting Party considers it necessary to derogate from that principle for humanitarian grounds, on grounds of national interest or because of international obligations. In such cases authorisation to enter will be restricted to the territory of the Contracting Party concerned, which must inform the other Contracting Parties accordingly. These rules shall not preclude the application of special provisions concerning the right to asylum or the provisions laid down in Article 18. 3. Aliens who hold residence permits or re-entry visas issued by one of the Contracting Parties or, where required, both documents, shall be authorised entry for transit purposes, unless their names are on the national list of alerts of the Contracting Party whose external borders they are seeking to cross’

2.1. A list, for each country, of the documents recognised as valid for the crossing of external borders and of those which may bear a visa, in the case of aliens subject to the visa requirement, is set out in Annex 4. A list of, and specimen residence permits and return visas, provided for under Article 5(3) of the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement, are set out in Annex 11.

3. Visas required of aliens entering the territory of the Contracting Parties

Article 10 of the Convention

‘1. A uniform visa valid for the entire territory of the Contracting Parties shall be introduced. This visa, the period of validity of which shall be determined by Article 11, may be issued for visits not exceeding three months. 2. Pending the introduction of such a visa, the Contracting Parties shall recognise their respective national visas, provided that these are issued in accordance with common conditions and criteria determined in the context of the relevant provisions of this Chapter. 3. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1 and 2, each Contracting Party shall reserve the right to restrict the territorial validity of the visa in accordance with common arrangements determined in the context of the relevant provisions of this Chapter’

Article 11 of the Convention

‘1. The visa provided for in Article 10 may be: (a) a travel visa valid for one or more entries, provided that neither the length of a continuous visit nor the total length of successive visits exceeds three months in any half-year, from the date of first entry; (b) a transit visa authorising its holder to pass through the territories of the Contracting Parties once, twice or exceptionally several times en route to the territory of a third State, provided that no transit shall exceed five days. 2. Paragraph 1 shall not preclude a Contracting Party from issuing a new visa, the validity of which is limited to its own territory, within the half-year in question if necessary’

Pending the introduction of a uniform visa, the Contracting Parties will recognise, for all types of visas, their respective national visas. The uniform stick-in visa will be used for:

— uniform visas for stays not exceeding three months,

— transit visas,

— visas of limited territorial validity for stays not exceeding three months,

— visas for stays of over three months.

3.1. Uniform visas for stays not exceeding three months, including transit visas

3.1.1. A list of States for whose nationals a visa is required by all the Contracting Parties is given in Annex 5. The uniform visa will be issued to the nationals of the States appearing on that list. Aliens subject to a visa requirement by only one Contracting Party must also obtain a uniform visa from that Contracting Party, having regard to the provisions of Article 5(1) of the Convention; this visa will state that the holder is required to hold a visa only by the Contracting Party concerned. Where an alien is required to hold a visa by several Contracting Parties, the uniform visa issued by one of these Contracting Parties in accordance with the provisions of this point (third sentence) will also be valid for the other Contracting Parties requiring the alien to hold a visa.

3.1.2. A technical description of the stick-in visa is given in Annex 6. Details of how to complete the stick-in visa are set out in Annex 6a. The details to be completed by the Contracting Parties, where necessary, under ‘comments’ are set out in Annex 6b. The instructions on completing details in the optical reading area are given in Annex 6c.

3.1.3. Specimen stick-in visas with examples of possible endorsements are given in Annex 7.

3.1.4. The endorsements printed on the stick-in visa are to be in English, French and the respective national languages.

3.2. Visas with limited territorial validity

3.2.1. Visas with limited territorial validity shall be issued by: — a Contracting Party which, for humanitarian reasons, acting in the national interest or because of international obligations (Article 5(2), Article 16 of the Convention), considers it necessary to issue such a visa although the conditions laid down in Article 5(1) of the Convention have not been fulfilled, — a Contracting Party which, after expiry of the visa provided for in Article 11(1) of the Convention, wishes to issue a new visa in the same six-month period (Article 11(2) of the Convention).

3.2.2. A visa with limited territorial validity is a national visa whose validity is limited to the territory of the State(s) which issued it. This visa does not enable its holder to invoke Article 19 of the Convention for the purposes of staying in the territory of the other Contracting Parties.

3.2.3. A visa with limited territorial validity shall be identified in a specific manner. A specimen of this type of visa is shown in Annex 8.

3.2.4. Rules and procedures governing information to be sent by Contracting Parties when issuing visas with limited territorial validity, when cancelling, revoking and reducing the duration of uniform visas and when issuing national residence permits are described in Annex 8a.

3.3. Visas for a stay of over three months

3.3.1. Long-stay visas are national visas. They allow the holder to travel through the territory of the other Contracting Parties only in order to go to the territory of the Contracting Party which issued the visa, unless he fails to meet the conditions for entry laid down in Article 5(1)(a), (d) and (e) of the Convention or if he appears on the national alert list of the Contracting Party through whose territory transit is requested.

3.3.2. A specimen long-stay visa is shown in Annex 9.

4. Other conditions for entry

Article 6(1) of the Convention

‘1. Cross-border movement at external borders shall be subject to checks by the competent authorities. Checks shall be carried out for the Contracting Parties' territories, in accordance with uniform principles, within the scope of national powers and national law, and taking account of the interests of all Contracting Parties.’

4.1. Documentary evidence or information establishing the likelihood of the reasons given for entry

It is for the alien to provide on request the reason for his application to enter the territory. In the event of doubt, the checking officers may require him to produce supporting documents and papers as proof or to show good faith.

4.1.1. In order to provide proof or to establish the likelihood of the reasons given for entry, the following may in particular be required: 4.1.1.1. for business trips: — an invitation from a firm or an authority to attend meetings or events connected with trade, industry or work, — other documents which show the existence of trade relations or relations for work purposes, — entry tickets for fairs and congresses; 4.1.1.2. for journeys undertaken for the purposes of study or other types of training: — a certificate of enrolment at a teaching institute for the purposes of attending vocational and theoretical courses in the framework of basic and further training, — student cards or certificates for the courses attended; 4.1.1.3. for journeys undertaken for the purposes of tourism or for private reasons: — an invitation from the host, — a supporting document from the establishment providing lodging, — confirmation of the booking of an organised trip, — a return or round-trip ticket; 4.1.1.4. for journeys undertaken for another reason: — invitations, enrolments or programmes, — attendance certificates, entry tickets, receipts, etc., for political, scientific, cultural, sports or religious events, stating wherever possible the name of the host organisation or the length of stay.

4.1.2. Aliens wishing to enter the territory of the Contracting Parties must have sufficient means of subsistence for the expected duration of the stay and for the return journey or transit to a third State. Means of subsistence shall be assessed in accordance with the purpose of the stay and by reference to average prices for board and lodging. The reference amounts set each year by each of the Contracting Parties are shown in Annex 10. The presumption of sufficient means of subsistence will be based, for example, on the cash, travellers' cheques, credit cards, and the appropriate number of Eurocheques supported by a Eurocheque card and statements in respect of guarantees in the alien's possession.

4.2. Conditions relating to security

When an alien enters the territory, a check must be carried out to determine whether the alien, his vehicle or the objects in his possession represent a threat to the public policy, national security or international relations of any of the Contracting Parties. Such a threat may in particular exist where:

— the alien has been convicted of an offence carrying a custodial sentence of at least one year,

— there are serious grounds for believing that the alien has committed serious offences, including those referred to in Article 71 of the Convention, or that he intends to commit such offences in the territory any of the Contracting Parties,

— the alien has been the subject of a deportation, removal or expulsion measure and the measure is accompanied by an actual prohibition on entry or residence or entails such a prohibition.

(Article 96(2) and (3) of the Convention).

The entry into force of the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement entails the abolition of checks at internal borders and moving them to external borders. As a result, the checks carried out at the external borders of the area covered by the Convention benefit not only the States at whose external borders they are carried out but also all the Contracting Parties, whose interests must be taken into account by the officials carrying out such checks.

PART II: BORDER CHECKS

1. Principles governing checks

Article 6(2) of the Convention

‘2. The standard principles referred to in paragraph 1 shall be as follows: (a) checks on persons shall include not only the verification of travel documents and the other conditions governing entry, residence, work and exit but also checks to detect and prevent threats to the national security and public policy of the Contracting Parties. Such checks shall also be carried out on vehicles and objects in the possession of persons crossing the border. They shall be carried out by each Contracting Party in accordance with its legislation, in particular where searches are involved; (b) all persons shall at least have their travel documents checked in order to establish their identities; (c) on entry, aliens shall be subject to a thorough check as defined in (a); (d) on exit, the requisite checks shall be carried out in the interest of all Contracting Parties pursuant to the law on aliens in order to detect and prevent threats to the national security and public policy of the Contracting Parties. Such checks shall be carried out in all cases involving aliens; (e) if in certain circumstances such checks cannot be carried out then priorities must be set. In this case, entry checks shall as a rule take priority over exit checks’

1.1. Officers authorised to carry out checks and surveillance

1.1.1. Checks at external borders are to be carried out by officers of the border police forces or of the services of the Contracting Parties responsible in accordance with national law for border police duties. These services are: — for the Kingdom of Belgium: Police Fédérale/Federale Politie and Customs, — for Denmark: det danske politi (Danish police), — for the Federal Republic of Germany: Bundesgrenzschutz, Customs and Länder police in Bavaria, Bremen and Hamburg, — for the Hellenic Republic: Ελληνική Αστυνομία (Helliniki Astynomia), Λιμενικό Σώμα (Limeniko Soma), Τελωνεία (Telonia), — for the Kingdom of Spain: Cuerpo Nacional de Policía, Guardia Civil, customs, — for the French Republic: D.C.P.A.F. (Direction Centrale de la Police aux Frontières), Customs, — for the Italian Republic: Polizia di Stato, Carabinieri, Guardia di Finanza, — for the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg: Customs, special Gendarmerie division at the airport, — for the Kingdom of the Netherlands: Koninklijke Marechaussee, Customs (import and excise duties), Rotterdam city police (port), — for the Portuguese Republic: Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras, Direcçâo-Geral de Alfândegas, Brigada Fiscal da Guarda Nacional Repúblicana, — for Finland: Border guards, Customs and Police, — for Sweden: border checks are carried out primarily by the police, who may be assisted by Customs, the Coastguard and the Migration Board. Checks on persons at sea are carried out by the Coastguard, — for the Republic of Iceland: Ríkislögreglustjóri (Director-General of the National Police), Lögreglustjórar (Heads of police districts), — for the Kingdom of Norway: in principle, checks at the external borders are carried out by the police. They may, in certain cases and at the request of the head of the local police force, be carried out by Customs or the armed forces (specifically, the Coastguard or the Varanger-South garrison). In such cases, these bodies have limited police powers.

1.1.2. When carrying out these duties, officers are vested with the powers of border police and the powers to instigate criminal proceedings conferred on them by national law.

1.2. Purpose of checks

1.2.1. Checks on movements at external borders will cover: — verification of the documents authorising crossing of the border and of the other entry conditions laid down in Article 5 of the Convention and, where necessary, of the documents authorising residence and the pursuit of an occupation, — the detection and recording of offences, particularly through direct consultation of reports on persons and objects included in the Schengen Information System (SIS) and in national data files and, if necessary, carrying out action to be taken relating to such reports, — the prevention of threats to public policy and national security of the Contracting Parties and quelling disturbances.

1.2.2. The principle of proportionality must be complied with in the performance of border police duties.

1.3. Procedures for checks

Checks on movements and surveillance are effective if they cope with the risks that result from the various situations encountered. This should be assessed by the competent national authorities cooperating with the authorities of the Contracting Parties.

The Contracting Parties shall carry out checks at external borders in accordance with the following uniform principles:

1.3.1. the minimum check referred to in Article 6(2)b of the Convention which is intended to establish a person's identity, consists of an identity check on the basis of the travelling documents produced or presented and in rapid and straightforward verification of the validity of the document authorising the holder to cross the border and of the presence of signs of falsification or counterfeiting.

1.3.2. the thorough check referred to in Article 6(2)c involves, in addition to the basic check: 1.3.2.1. a detailed examination of the following aspects: — is the document presented valid for crossing the border and, where applicable, is it accompanied by the requisite visa? — does the document show signs of falsification or counterfeiting? 1.3.2.2. verification regarding the origin and destination of the individual and the purpose of the journey and, if necessary, checking the corresponding supporting documents; 1.3.2.3. verification that the individual has sufficient means of subsistence for the length of stay envisaged, for his return or transit to a third country, or that he can obtain these means legally; 1.3.2.4. direct consultation of the data on persons and objects contained in the SIS and in national data files. If consultation of the SIS reveals that an alert has been made as defined in Articles 95 to 100 of the Convention, the action requested which appears on the screen must first be performed; 1.3.2.5. verification that the person, his vehicle and the objects he is transporting are not likely to jeopardise public policy, national security or international relations of any of the Contracting Parties.

1.3.3. Without prejudice to the provisions of points 1.3.5.1, 1.3.5.2 and 1.3.5.3, all persons shall be subject to a minimum check upon entry and exit. As a general rule, aliens shall be subject to a thorough check on entry and exit.

1.3.4. Nationals of the Member States of the European Community shall be subject to random thorough checks on entry and on exit in certain cases where there is reason to believe that the persons concerned might compromise public policy, national security or health.

1.3.5. Checks at land borders may be relaxed as a result of special circumstances. This will be the case, in particular, where the intensity of traffic results in excessive delay in the time taken to reach checking posts, and all resources have been exhausted as regards staff, facilities and organisation. 1.3.5.1. The official responsible for border checks locally may, under the conditions described in point 1.3.5, establish priorities and must amend them as frequently as possible to increase the effectiveness of checks. In this regard, checks on entry movements shall normally take priority over checks on exit movements. 1.3.5.2. The official responsible for border checks locally who relaxes checks must show discretion. Such relaxation of checks may only be temporary, must be adapted to the circumstances justifying it and must be introduced gradually. 1.3.5.3. Individuals known personally to the officer responsible for checks, and whom he knows, on the basis of an initial check, have not been the subject of an alert in the SIS or in a national data file and who possess a valid document authorising them to cross the border, will be subject only to random checks to ensure that they hold that document. This provision applies in particular to those persons who frequently cross the border at the same crossing-point. Thorough checks must be carried out on this group of persons from time to time, without warning and at irregular intervals.

1.4. Procedures for refusing entry

1.4.1. The decision to refuse entry is to be substantiated and will be effective immediately (or, where appropriate, on expiry of the time limit laid down by national law), whereby an alien who does not fulfil the conditions for entry laid down in Article 5 of the Convention is not allowed to enter the territory any of the Contracting Parties or to stay there. The alien must acknowledge receipt of the decision. The decision is taken by the authority empowered to do so by national law which shall state the procedures for appeal where these exist.

1.4.1a When refusing entry, the checking officer will affix an entry stamp on the passport, cancelled by an indelible cross in black ink.

1.4.2. Officers responsible for checks will ensure that an alien refused entry does not enter the territory of the Contracting Party or, if he has already entered it, leaves immediately.

1.4.3. If an alien, refused entry, has been brought to the border by a carrier by air, sea or land, the authority responsible locally must order that carrier to assume responsibility for the alien without delay. The carrier may be made to bear the costs of lodging, maintenance and the return journey. The authority responsible locally must order the alien to be transported to the third State from which he was brought, to the third State which issued the document authorising him to cross the border, or to any other third State where he is guaranteed admittance. If the carrier cannot comply with the onward transportation order immediately, he must ensure that another carrier effects immediate transportation to a third State. Pending onward transportation, the authority responsible locally is required, in compliance with national law and having regard to local circumstances, to take appropriate measures in order to prevent aliens refused entry from entering illegally (e.g. by keeping them in the international area of the airport, prohibiting them from going ashore in ports or keeping them in a detention centre).

1.4.4. Where the officer responsible for checks notes that the holder of a short-stay visa has been the subject of an alert in the SIS for the purposes of being refused entry, he shall cancel the visa by applying a stamp stating ‘CANCELLED’. He must inform his central authorities of this decision forthwith. If the holder of a short-stay visa is refused entry, the provisions laid down in point 1.4.1(a) must be applied.

1.4.5. Any refusal of entry must be recorded in a register or on a list stating identity, nationality, the references of the document authorising the alien to cross the border and the reason for and date of refusal of entry.

1.4.6. If there are grounds both for refusing an alien entry and arresting him, the judicial authorities responsible must be contacted to decide on the action to be taken in accordance with national law.

1.4.7. (3) Specific arrangements for persons entitled under Community law (citizens of the European Union, nationals of States parties to the Agreement on the European Economic Area and nationals of the Swiss Confederation, and members of their families) are described in points 6.1.1 to 6.1.4. The provisions of points 1.4.2, 1.4.5 and 1.4.6 shall also apply to citizens of the European Union, nationals of States parties to the Agreement on the European Economic Area and nationals of the Swiss Confederation. In addition to the provisions mentioned in the second subparagraph, the provisions of points 1.4.1(a), 1.4.3, 1.4.4, 1.4.8 (subject to the provisions of point 6.1.4) and 1.4.9 shall also apply to members of the families of citizens of the European Union, nationals of States parties to the Agreement on the European Economic Area and nationals of the Swiss Confederation, who are not nationals of one of those States.

1.4.8. If an alien who does not fulfil the conditions for entry given in Article 5(1) of the Convention invokes the provisions of Article 5(2) of the Convention and requests entry and transit by the external border of a Contracting Party other than the one which has agreed, by way of exception to allow him to reside there, he must be sent back and allowed to present himself at the external border of the latter Contracting Party, for the purpose of entering its territory.

1.4.9. If, in addition to a valid travel document, an alien is in possession of a residence permit or a return visa or, where appropriate, both these documents, issued by one of the Contracting Parties, as provided for in Annex 11, he must be authorised to enter and pass through so that he can reach the territory of that Contracting Party, unless an alert has been entered on this alien in the national list of the Contracting Party at whose external border he requests entry and where that alert does not specify action to be taken to prevent entry and transit.

2. Practical procedures for checks

2.1. Affixing stamps

2.1.1. When the territory of a Contracting Party is entered, a stamp shall be affixed to: — the documents, bearing a valid visa or transit visa, enabling aliens to cross the border, — the documents enabling aliens to whom a visa is issued at the border by the Contracting Parties to cross the border, — the documents enabling aliens not subject to the visa requirement, laid down in Chapter 3, Section 1, of the Convention, to cross the border. No entry stamp shall be affixed to the documents of nationals of the Member States of the European Community.

2.1.2. The exit stamp shall be placed on documents authorising an alien to cross the border which contain a multiple-entry visa with a restriction on the total length of stay.

2.1.3. Upon initial entry, the stamp must, if possible, be affixed so that it covers the edge of the visa without affecting the legibility of the indications on the visa or the security features of the stick-in visa. If several stamps have to be inserted (for example in the case of a multiple-entry visa), this shall be done on the page facing the one on which the visa is affixed. If that page cannot be used, the stamp will be entered on the following page.

2.1.4. Different shaped stamps (rectangular for entry, rectangular with rounded corners for exit) will be used to certify entry and exit. These stamps will contain the letter(s) identifying the State, the name of the border post, the date, the serial number and a pictogram indicating the type of border crossed (land, sea or air).

2.1.5. Entry and exit stamps shall not be affixed: — in the case of persons not normally subject to any check (for example: Heads of State, dignitaries whose arrival has been officially announced in advance through diplomatic channels), — on documents enabling nationals of Andorra, Malta, Monaco, San Marino and Switzerland to cross the border (4), — on the travel documents of seamen who are present within the territory of a Contracting Party only when their ship puts in and in the area of the port of call, — on pilots' licences or on the certificates of aircraft crew members.

2.1.6. Exceptionally, at the request of an alien, insertion of an entry or exit stamp may be dispensed with if insertion might cause serious difficulties for that person. In that case, entry or exit must then be recorded on a separate sheet indicating the name and passport number.

2.2. Surveillance of external borders at places other than crossing points and outside office opening hours

Article 6(3) of the Convention

‘3. The competent authorities shall use mobile units to carry out surveillance on external borders between crossing points; the same shall apply to border crossing points outside normal opening hours. This surveillance shall be carried out in such a way as to discourage people from circumventing the checks at crossing points. The surveillance procedures shall, where appropriate, be established by the Executive Committee’

2.2.1. The main purpose of surveillance of external borders at places other than border crossing points and surveillance of these crossing points outside opening times is to prevent unauthorised border crossings, to counter cross-border criminality and to apply or to take measures against individuals who have crossed the border illegally.

2.2.2. Such surveillance shall be carried out in accordance with police tactical criteria, by appropriate numbers of staff for the situation in hand. It will involve frequent and sudden changes to surveillance periods, so that unauthorised border crossings will be an ongoing risk.

2.2.3. Surveillance shall be carried out by mobile units which perform their duties by patrolling or stationing themselves at places known or perceived to be sensitive, the aim of such surveillance being to apprehend individuals crossing the border illegally. Surveillance may also be carried out by technical means, including electronic means.

2.2.4. The resources used shall be selected in accordance with the conditions of intervention and in particular in accordance with the type and nature of the border (land, inland waterway or sea).

2.3. The following information must be entered in a register

— the names of the official responsible locally for border checks and of the other officers in each team,

— relaxation of checks on persons applied in accordance with point 1.3.5,

— the issuing of documents in place of passports and of visas or permits issued at the border,

— persons apprehended and complaints (criminal offences and administrative breaches),

— persons refused entry or exit (number and nationalities),

— other particularly important police or judicial measures,

— particular occurrences.

At all border (land, sea and airport) posts all service information and any other particularly important information shall be entered in a register.

3. Special rules on the various means of transport used for crossing external borders

3.1. Checks on road traffic

3.1.1. To ensure effective checks on persons, while ensuring the safety and smooth flow of road traffic, movements at border crossing points must be regulated in an appropriate manner. In case of need, measures to channel and block traffic will be taken in compliance with the agreements on colocated national control offices.

3.1.2. As a general rule, persons travelling in vehicles may remain inside them during checks. Checks must in principle be made outside the checkpoint kiosk, beside the vehicle. Thorough checks will have to take place, if local circumstances allow, beside the highway in areas designated for that purpose. In the interests of staff safety, checks will be carried out where possible by two officers with responsibility for border checks and surveillance or by customs officers.

3.1.3. In the event of heavy traffic, bus passengers on regular local lines must be checked first where the local situation allows.

3.2. Checks on rail traffic

3.2.1. The authorities responsible for border checks and surveillance must ensure that train passengers and railway staff, including those crossing external borders on goods trains or empty trains are checked in accordance with the provisions of Part II, points 1.2, 1.3 et seq.

3.2.2. Controls on rail traffic may be carried out in the following two ways: — on the platform, in the first station of arrival on the territory of a Contracting Party, — on board the train, during transit. When carrying out these controls, the provisions of agreements on colocated national control offices should be taken into account.

3.2.2a 1. To facilitate rail traffic flows of high-speed passenger trains, the States directly affected by the transit of trains may decide, by common agreement, to carry out the controls either in the stations of destination, and/or on board the train during transit between these stations, provided that the passengers stay on board the train in the previous station/stations.

2. With respect to trains from third States making several stops in the territory of the Contracting Parties, if the rail transport carrier is in a position to board passengers exclusively for the remaining part of the journey within Schengen territory, such passengers shall be subject to entry controls at the station of destination, or on the train if the State, in which the station of destination is situated, has given its agreement in accordance with the previous sentence and as a result, is carrying out entry controls.

When travelling in the opposite direction, the passengers shall be subject to exit controls.

3. Passengers who want to take the train in the circumstances described under point 2 on the territory of the Contracting Parties should receive clear notification prior to the train's departure that they might be subject to personal controls during the journey or at the station of destination.

3.2.3. The official responsible for checks locally may order the cavities of cars to be inspected sporadically or for specific reasons, if necessary with the assistance of the train inspector, to ensure that persons or objects subject to border police checks are not concealed in them. The officer carrying out the checks shall operate on the basis of his national responsibilities. Where there are reasons to believe that persons who have been reported or suspected of having committed an offence, or aliens intending to enter illegally, are hiding on a train, the checking officer, if he cannot act in accordance with his national provisions, shall notify the Contracting Parties within whose territory the train is moving.

3.2.4. In the case of persons travelling in sleeper or couchette compartments, the documents enabling them to cross the border shall normally be checked in the compartment of the attendant, provided that he has collected these documents in compliance with the rules applicable to him and that he keeps them available for checks. At the beginning of the check the existence of the documents enabling all the passengers to cross the border must be verified by comparing these documents with the occupancy and/or booking list. The identity of the persons in the compartments must be verified, if possible in the presence of the attendant, at irregular intervals or where specific reasons exist.

3.3. Checks on international civil air traffic

Article 4 of the Convention

‘1. As from 1993 the Contracting Parties shall guarantee that passengers on flights from third States who board internal flights will first be subject, upon arrival, to personal and hand baggage checks in the airport of arrival of their external flights. Passengers on internal flights who board flights bound for third States will first be subject, on departure, to personal and hand baggage checks in the airport of departure of their external flights. 2. The Contracting Parties shall take the requisite measures to ensure that checks are carried out in accordance with paragraph 1. 3. Neither paragraph 1 nor paragraph 2 shall affect checks on registered luggage; such checks shall be carried out either in the airport of final destination or in the airport of initial departure. 4. Until the date laid down in paragraph 1, airports shall, by way of derogation from the definition of internal borders, be considered as external borders for internal flights’

3.3.1. (5) The place where persons and hand baggage are checked will be determined in accordance with the following procedure: 3.3.1.1. passengers on flights exclusively from or to the territory of the Contracting Parties which do not land on the territory of a third State (internal flights) shall not be subject to checks. (Examples: Luxembourg to Paris or Rome—Brussels—Hamburg: no checks) 3.3.1.2. passengers on a flight from a third State, who board an internal flight, shall be subject to an entry check at the airport of arrival of the flight from a third State. Passengers on an internal flight who board a flight for a third State (transfer passengers) shall be subject to an exit check at the airport of departure of the latter flight; (Examples: New York to Paris, with a connection in Paris to Rome (internal flight): entry check in Paris or Brussels — Frankfurt (internal flight) with a transfer at Frankfurt to Singapore: exit check at Frankfurt) 3.3.1.3. for flights from or to third States with no transfer passengers and flights making more than one stop-over at the airports of the Contracting Parties where there is no change of plane: (a) passengers on flights from or to third States where there is no prior or subsequent transfer within the territory of the Contracting Parties shall be subject to an entry check at the airport of entry and an exit check at the airport of exit; (Examples: New York to Paris: entry check at Paris or Rome to Cairo: exit check at Rome) (b) passengers on flights from or to third States with more than one stop-over on the territory of the Contracting Parties where there is no change of plane (transit passengers) and provided that passengers cannot board the aircraft for the leg situated within Schengen territory shall be subject to an entry check at the airport of arrival and an exit check at the airport of departure; (Examples: New York—Paris—Frankfurt—Rome, with stop-overs in Paris and Frankfurt only for disembarking passengers, boarding for the remaining air leg being prohibited: checks for passengers disembarking in Paris, Frankfurt and Rome respectively or Hamburg—Brussels—Paris—Cairo, stop-overs in Brussels and Paris only for boarding passengers, disembarking being prohibited: exit check for passengers boarding in Hamburg, Brussels and Paris respectively) (c) Where an airline may, for flights from third States with more than one stop-over within the territory of the Contracting Parties, board passengers only for the remaining leg within this territory, passengers shall be subject to an exit check at the airport of departure and an entry check at the airport of arrival; Checks on passengers who, during these stop-overs, are already on board the aircraft and have not boarded in the territory of the Contracting Parties shall be carried out in accordance with point 3.3.1.3(b). The reverse procedure shall apply to this category of flights where the country of destination is a third State. (Examples: New York—Paris—Frankfurt—Rome, boarding being authorised at the Paris and Frankfurt stop-overs: entry check for passengers landing at Paris, Frankfurt (including those who boarded in Paris) and Rome (including those who boarded in Paris or Frankfurt) respectively and exit check for passengers boarding in Paris and Frankfurt respectively, or Hamburg—Brussels—Paris—Cairo, landing being authorised at the stop-overs in Brussels and Paris: exit check for passengers boarding in Hamburg, Brussels and Paris respectively and entry check for passengers landing in Brussels and Paris respectively).

3.3.2. Checks on persons shall not normally be carried out on the aircraft. In order to ensure that passengers may be checked in accordance with the provisions of Part II, points 1 and 2, at the airports designated as authorised border crossing points, passenger traffic should be channelled, in agreement with the airport authorities and the transport undertaking, to facilities reserved for checks. The airport authority must take the necessary measures to prevent unauthorised persons from entering or leaving restricted areas, such as the transit area, for instance.

3.3.3. Special provisions for checks on the members of aircraft crews are set out in Part II, point 6.4.2.

3.3.4. Where, in cases of force majeure, imminent danger, or on the instructions of the authorities, an aircraft on an international flight has to land on a landing ground which is not an authorised border crossing-point, that aircraft may continue its flight only after authorisation from the authorities responsible for border checks and surveillance and from customs. The same shall apply where a foreign aircraft lands without permission. The rules set out in Part II, points 1 and 2, shall apply to checks on aircraft passengers.

3.3.5. The arrangements for the entry and exit of: — gliders, — ultra-light aircraft, — helicopters, and — small-scale aircraft capable of flying short distances only, — airships, shall be laid down by national law and, where applicable, by bilateral agreements.

3.3.6. Procedures for checks in aerodromes

3.3.6.1. It is necessary to ensure that, in accordance with the rules set out in Part II, points 1 and 2, the means to check passengers also exists in aerodromes, i.e. airports which do not hold the statue of international airport under the competent national law, but through which the routing of international flights is authorised.

3.3.6.2. In general it shall not be necessary to make necessary arrangements in aerodromes to ensure that inflows of passengers from internal and international flights are physically separated. When the volume of traffic is low, the checking officers need not be present at all times, provided that there is a guarantee that the necessary personnel can be deployed in good time.

3.3.6.3. When the presence of the checking officers is not assured at all times in the aerodrome, the director of this aerodrome is required to give adequate notice to the authorities responsible for carrying out border checks about the arrival and the departure of internationally-routed airplanes. Calling in auxiliary police officers is authorised, provided that this is permissible under national law.

3.3.7. In order to prevent dangers, checks must be carried out, in airports and aerodromes, on passengers on internal flights, where uncertainty exists whether such passengers are exclusively coming from, or solely bound for, the territories of the Contracting Parties without landing on the territory of a third State.

3.4. Checks on maritime traffic

3.4.1. Definitions

3.4.1.1. ‘Maritime traffic’ means all shipping for business purposes between two or more ports or moorings, with the exclusion of regular ferry services, pleasure boating, coastal fisheries and inland waterway transport.

3.4.1.2. Under the international provisions regulating maritime traffic, ‘passenger’ means any person on board a vessel who is not a member of the crew.

3.4.1.3. ‘Crew’ means the persons whose names appear on the crew list and who have been employed in order to carry out activities on board the vessel directly linked to shipping.

3.4.1.4. ‘Shipowner's agent’ means the individual or corporation who represents the shipowner on the spot in all matters relating to the shipowner's duties in fitting out the vessel.

3.4.1.5. ‘Scheduled ferry service’ means all services exclusively from or to other ports situated in the territory of the Contracting Parties, which do not call at ports situated outside the territory of the Contracting Parties and which carry persons and vehicles in accordance with a scheduled timetable.

3.4.1.6. ‘Cruise ship’ means a ship which follows a given itinerary in accordance with a predetermined programme, whose passengers take part in a collective programme of tourist activities in the various ports and which normally neither takes passengers on nor allows passengers to disembark during the voyage.

3.4.1.7. ‘Pleasure boating’ means the use of pleasure boats equipped with sails and/or an engine for private use which are used for sporting or tourism purposes.

3.4.1.8. ‘Coastal fisheries’ means fishing carried out with the aid of vessels which return every day or after a few days to a port situated in the territory of a Contracting Party without calling at a port situated in a third State.

3.4.2. Checking procedures

3.4.2.1. Checks shall normally be carried out at the port of arrival or departure, on board ship or in an area set aside for the purpose, located in the immediate vicinity of the port. In accordance with the agreements reached on the matter, checks may also be carried out during crossings or, upon the ship's arrival or departure, in the territory of a third State.

3.4.2.2. The purpose of checks is to ensure that both crew and passengers fulfil the conditions laid down in Part II, points 1 and 2.

3.4.2.3. In the event of special circumstances as defined in 1.3.5, checks on shipping traffic may be relaxed. In the case of very heavy traffic and where it proves impossible, despite the mobilisation of all staff and organisational resources, to check all passengers, officers may carry out spot checks, in accordance with the priorities that correspond to the specific situation, as established by the official responsible locally. In such cases, entry checks shall normally take priority over exit checks.

3.4.2.4. Checks on crew members shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Part II, points 6.5 et seq.

3.4.3. Obligations of the ship's captain

3.4.3.1. The ship's captain, or failing that the shipowner's agent representing the shipping company, shall draw up a list, in duplicate, of the crew and, if possible, of the passengers and upon arriving in the port shall give it to the officers responsible for checks, which shall be carried out on board ship or nearby. If, for reasons of force majeure this list cannot be sent to the officers carrying out checks, a copy must be sent to the appropriate border post or shipping authority, which will see that it is forwarded without delay to the authorities empowered to carry out border checks. As regards scheduled ferry services, the ship's captain or, in his place, the shipowner's agent representing the shipping company shall not be required to draw up a passenger list.

3.4.3.2. One copy of the two lists duly signed by the checking officer shall be returned to the ship's captain who must be able to produce it on request when in port.

3.4.3.3. The ship's captain, or failing that the shipowner's agent must report promptly any changes to the composition of the crew or the number of passengers.

3.4.3.4. In addition, the captain is required to notify the competent authorities promptly, and if possible even before the ship enters port, of the presence on board of stowaways. Stowaways shall, however, remain under the responsibility of the ship's captain.

3.4.3.5. The ship's captain, or failing that the shipowner's agent, must notify the border authorities of the ship's departure in good time and in accordance with the rules in force in the port concerned; if he is unable to notify these authorities, he must advise the appropriate shipping authority. The second copy of the previously completed and signed list(s) shall be returned to these authorities.

3.4.4. Exceptions to the procedures for checks laid down in point 3.4.2

3.4.4.1. Passengers and crew on board ferries providing scheduled services as referred to in point 3.4.1.5 shall not normally be checked.

3.4.4.2. If a cruise ship calls in succession at several ports situated in the territory of the Contracting Parties without calling at a port situated outside this territory, checks shall normally be carried out only at the first and last port situated within the territory of the Contracting Parties.

3.4.4.3. As a general rule, checks on persons on board pleasure boats from a third State shall be carried out upon entering and upon exiting a port which is an authorised border crossing-point of the territory of the Contracting Parties. However, where a pleasure boat wishes, exceptionally, to enter a port which is not an authorised border crossing-point, the authorities responsible for checks must be notified if possible before the vessel enters the port, and in any event upon its arrival. The declaration regarding passengers shall be made by lodging the list of persons on board ship with the local authorities. This list shall be made available to the authorities responsible for carrying out checks. Each Contracting Party may require pleasure boats from a third State to dock in an authorised port of entry in which checks are carried out on the persons on board. During these checks, a document containing all the technical characteristics of the vessel and the names of the persons on board shall be handed in. A copy of this document will be given to the authorities in the first authorised port of entry, and another copy to the authorities in the last authorised port before departure to a third State. As long as the vessel remains in the territorial waters of one of the Contracting Parties, a copy of this list must be included amongst the ship's papers. If for reasons of force majeure the vessel has to dock in another port, the authorities in the nearest authorised port of entry must be contacted.

3.4.4.4. The crews of coastal fisheries vessels who return every day or nearly every day to the port of registration or to any other port situated in the territory of the Contracting Parties without docking in a port situated in the territory of a third State shall not normally be checked. If, however, the coastline of a third State is located in the immediate vicinity of the territory of a Contracting Party, spot checks should be carried out in order to combat clandestine immigration. This provision shall apply to persons on game fishing trips who occasionally spend a day on board vessels for this purpose. The crews of coastal fisheries vessels not registered in a port situated in the territory of a Contracting Party shall be checked in accordance with the provisions of points 3.4.2 and 6.5. The ship's captain or, failing that the shipowner's agent representing the shipping company, is required to notify the appropriate authorities of any alteration to the crew list and of the presence of any passengers.

3.4.4.5. Ferry services subject to controls

Controls shall be carried out on passengers on board ferries not within the remit of part II point 3.4.4.1, namely:

in principle:

(a) a distinction should be drawn between the controls carried out on aliens and the controls carried out on EU/EEA nationals, who are only subject to minimum checks. Where possible, the necessary construction work should be undertaken to ensure this;

(b) ferry passengers without their own mode of transport (foot passengers) shall be controlled individually;

(c) controls on vehicle occupants shall be carried out while they are at the vehicle;

(d) ferry passengers travelling by coach are to be considered as foot passengers. These passengers shall alight from the coach for the controls;

(e) controls on heavy goods vehicle drivers and any accompanying persons shall be conducted while the occupants are at the vehicle. It is recommended that specific customs clearance arrangements be provided for this, separate from the other passengers;

(f) so that the controls can be completed swiftly there should be an adequate number of control bays, and where appropriate a second line of controls should be organised;

(g) so as to detect illegal immigrants in particular, random checks should, at the very least, be made on the vehicles used by the passengers, and where applicable on the loads and other goods stowed in the vehicle;

(h) ferry crew members will be dealt with in the same way as commercial ship crew members.

3.5. Checks on inland waterways shipping

3.5.1. Inland waterways shipping involving the crossing of an external border covers the use, for business or pleasure purposes, of all types of boat and floating vessels on rivers, canals and lakes.

3.5.2. As regards boats used for business purposes, the captain and the persons employed on board who appear on the crew list and members of the families of these persons who live on board shall be regarded as crew members or equivalent.

3.5.3. The relevant provisions of point 3.4.1 and the provisions of points 3.4.2, 3.4.3 and 3.4.4 shall apply.

4. Cooperation

Article 7 of the Convention

‘The Contracting Parties shall assist each other and shall maintain constant, close cooperation with a view to the effective implementation of checks and surveillance. They shall, in particular, exchange all relevant, important information, with the exception of data relating to named individuals, unless otherwise provided for in this Convention. They shall as far as possible harmonise the instructions given to the authorities responsible for checks and shall promote the standard training and retraining of officers manning checkpoints. Such cooperation may take the form of an exchange of liaison officers’.

In order to ensure the uniform and effective application of surveillance and checking measures, police forces and authorities responsible for checking persons shall maintain close and permanent cooperation in all areas.

4.1. Exchange of information

The exchange of information is encouraged in order to make for better checks and better knowledge of migratory flows, of the regulations in force in the Contracting Parties, and of the techniques used by officers responsible for checks.

The exchange of personal data shall comply with the provisions on data protection contained in the Convention.

Exchanges of information shall cover the following subjects:

between central services: — monthly statistics resulting from checking, and on the various forms of clandestine immigration,

between central services and, if the need arises, between check posts: — methods of manufacturing, forging and fraudulently using documents enabling the bearers to cross borders, — processes for authorities carrying out checks to detect counterfeit, false or illegally appropriated documents enabling the holders to cross borders, — clandestine itineraries and border crossing practices, — current situations for which the assistance of or information from other authorities carrying out checks may be useful, — implementation of joint intervention measures in specific circumstances.

Depending on its nature, information will be sent between central or local national services by the following means: — by post, — by (public) stationary or mobile radio, telephone, telex or facsimile networks, and by special police networks, possibly after the development of standard technical specifications, — through liaison officers seconded to central national services, — through the contact services of border police, — as part of joint cooperation between services and work seminars.

4.2. Liaison officers

The Contracting Parties may second permanent liaison officers to national central services. Secondment may be bilateral or unilateral. In specific situations, liaison officers may be assigned to other services of the Contracting Parties for a given period.

5. Issuing visas at the border

If due to lack of time and for pressing reasons an alien has been unable to apply for a visa, in exceptional circumstances the authorities responsible may issue him with a short-stay visa at the border, in accordance with national provisions and provided that the following conditions are fulfilled:

— he holds a valid document authorising him to cross the border (see Annex 4),

— he fulfils the conditions for entry laid down in Article 5(1)(a),(c),(d) and (e) of the Convention,

— he claims an unforeseeable and pressing reason for entry, backed where possible by a supporting document (for example, serious and sudden occurrences involving family members, medical treatment, change of destination of aircraft for technical reasons or weather conditions, urgent professional reasons), and

— return to his country of origin or onward passage to a third State is assured.

In specific cases, national provisions may provide for authorisation by higher bodies.

5.1. An alien who applies for a transit visa at the border for the territory of the Contracting Parties must comply with the conditions laid down in point 5 and must be in possession of the visas required to continue his journey to other States of transit, which are not Contracting Parties, and in the State of destination. The duration of passage through the territory of the Contracting Parties may not exceed five days. It must allow for direct transit through the territory of the Contracting Party or Parties concerned, including the inevitable or customary interruptions for this type of journey.

5.2. Visas shall be issued by affixing a stamp or a sticker on the travel document which may bear a visa. If there is not sufficient space in this document, the stamp or sticker shall be affixed, by way of exception, on a separate sheet inserted in the document. Specimen separate sheets are shown in Annex 12.

5.3. Conditions for the issue of uniform visas at the border are shown in Annex 14.

5.4. The fees to be charged for the issue of visas are shown in Annex 14a.

5.5. The list of visas subject to prior consultation with the central authorities, in accordance with Article 17(2) is shown in Annex 14b.

5.6. Visas issued at the border should be recorded on a list.

6. Special arrangements

6.1. Nationals of the Member States of the European Community and members of their families from third States

6.1.1. In order to enter the territory of the Contracting Parties, nationals of the Member States of the European Community must hold a valid document enabling them to cross the border as provided for in Annex 4, but shall be exempt from the visa requirement.

6.1.2. Aliens who under Community law enjoy freedom of movement as family members of nationals of Member States but who, because of their nationality, are subject to the requirement for a visa to enter the territory of the Contracting Parties shall remain subject to this requirement. This will not affect the possibility referred to in point 6.2, of entering without a visa being required. Family members entitled to freedom of movement are: — the spouse and children under 21, or dependent children, — dependent relatives in the ascending line of a national of a Member State of the European Community and of his or her spouse.

6.1.3. A national of a Member State of the European Community who holds the document required to cross the border can be refused entry to the territory of a Contracting Party other than the one whose nationality he holds only if he is likely to jeopardise public policy, national security (or public health). The national lists of wanted persons may be consulted for this purpose and may result in entry being refused. If in such a case, the official responsible for carrying out checks refuses to allow a national of a Member State of the European Community to enter the territory of a Contracting Party, he shall give him written notification thereof, setting out the reasons for refusal.

6.1.4. Apart from the cases relating to the absence of the necessary documents referred to in point 6.1.2, the aliens referred to in that point can be refused entry only on specific grounds related to public policy, national security or public health. Flexibility must be shown in taking decisions on issuing visas at the border to family members of nationals of Member States of the European Community who are entitled to freedom of movement although subject to the requirement for a visa. As regards refusing entry, the provisions laid down in point 1.4.1 shall be applied in accordance with national law.

6.2. Aliens holding a residence permit issued by another Contracting Party

Aliens holding a valid residence permit issued by another Contracting Party are exempt from the visa requirement for entering the territory of the other Contracting Parties. Point 1.4.9 shall also apply.

6.3. Statutory refugees and Stateless persons

6.3.1. The travel document for refugees, issued pursuant to the Convention on the Status of Refugees of 28 July 1951 (Geneva Convention on Refugees), shall be accepted as a document enabling the holder to cross borders. The visa arrangements for the holders of a travel document for refugees shall be regulated by national law. However, the following special rules must be complied with: — the holders of a travel document for refugees who hold a residence permit issued by a Contracting Party are exempt from the requirement for a visa to enter the territory of the Contracting Parties, — the holders of a travel document for refugees issued by Denmark, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Malta, Norway, Sweden or Switzerland are exempt from the visa requirement for entering the territory of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Portuguese Republic. The holders of such travel documents shall be subject to the requirement for a visa to enter the territory of the Hellenic Republic and the French Republic.

6.3.2. The travel document for Stateless persons, issued pursuant to the Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons of 28 September 1954, shall be accepted as a document enabling the holder to cross the border with the exception of entry to the territory of the Portuguese Republic. Holders of a travel document for Stateless persons shall be subject to the requirement for an entry visa unless they hold a residence permit issued by one of the Contracting Parties.

6.4. Pilots of aircraft and other crew members

6.4.1. The holders of a pilot's licence or a crew member certificate as provided for in Annex 9 to the Civil Aviation Convention of 7 December 1944 are exempt from the requirement for a passport and a visa provided that in the course of their duties: — they do not leave the stop-over airport, — they do not leave the airport of arrival, — they do not leave the territory of the airport municipality, — they leave the airport only to go to another airport situated in the territory of a Contracting Party.

6.4.2. The provisions of Part II, points 1.3 et seq., regulate checks on aircraft crew. Wherever possible, priority must be given to checks on aircraft crews. Specifically, they shall be checked either before passengers or at special locations set aside for the purpose. Crews known to staff responsible for checks in the performance of their duties may be subject to random checks only.

6.5. Seamen

6.5.1. ‘Seamen’ means crews as defined in point 3.4.1.3.

6.5.2. Seamen holding a seaman's book or a seafarer's identity document (issued in accordance with the Geneva Convention of 13 May 1958) may, in accordance with the provisions of the London Convention of 9 April 1965 and national provisions, go ashore to stay in the area of the port where their ships call or in the adjacent municipalities without presenting themselves at a border crossing-point, on condition that they appear on the crew list, which has previously been submitted for checking, of the ship they belong to and that they hold a visa. If a sailor constitutes a threat to public policy or national security, he may be refused permission to go ashore.

6.5.3. Seamen who intend to stay outside the municipalities situated in the vicinity of ports must comply with the conditions for entry to the territory of the Contracting Parties and, in particular, must hold a valid travel document bearing a visa where appropriate and have sufficient means of subsistence.

6.5.4. Without prejudice to the provisions laid down in Part I, points 1 et seq., holders of a seaman's book or a seafarer's identity document may be authorised to enter the territory of the Contracting Parties only in the circumstances set out below: — boarding a ship which has already anchored or is about to arrive in a port of the Contracting Parties, — transit to a third State or return to the State of origin, — emergency cases or cases of necessity (illness, dismissal, end of contract, etc.). In such cases, officers responsible for border checks shall conduct the necessary verification to ensure that entry checks have not been circumvented following relaxation of the requirement applied to this category of persons. Such verification may take any of the following forms: — written declaration by the shipowner or by the shipowner's agent concerned, — written declaration by the appropriate diplomatic or consular authorities, — proof obtained as a result of specific verification by the police authorities or, where appropriate, by other competent administrations, — contract authenticated by affixing the stamp of the maritime authority.

6.6. Holders of diplomatic, official or service passports

In view of the special privileges or immunities they enjoy, the holders of diplomatic, official or service passports issued by States or Governments recognised by the Contracting Parties who are travelling in the course of their duties shall, wherever possible, be granted favourable treatment by being given priority over other travellers at border checks even though they remain, where necessary, subject to the requirement for a visa.

Accredited members of diplomatic missions and of consular representations and their families who hold the card issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs may enter the territory of the Contracting Parties on presentation of the card and, if necessary, of the document authorising them to cross the border. Specimen cards are shown in Annex 13.

If a person presenting himself at the external border invokes privileges, immunities and exemptions, the officer responsible for carrying out checks may require him to provide proof of his status by producing the appropriate documents, in particular certificates issued by the accrediting State or a diplomatic passport or other means. If he has doubts, the officer may, in case of urgent need, apply directly to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

As a general rule, persons holding these documents shall not be required to prove that they have sufficient means of subsistence.

Moreover, checking officers may not in any circumstances refuse the holders of diplomatic, official or service passports entry to the territory of the Contracting Parties without first consulting the appropriate national authorities. This shall also apply where an alert has been entered in the SIS for this person.

6.7. Cross-border workers

6.7.1. The status of cross-border workers shall be determined by the national law of the Contracting Parties.

6.7.2. The procedures for checking cross-border workers are governed by the provisions for checks on aliens. Checks may be relaxed in accordance with point 1.3.5.3.

6.8. Minors

6.8.1. Minors crossing the border shall be subject to the same checks as adults, even where they are accompanied by persons having parental care over them. Staff carrying out checks must pay particular attention to minors travelling unaccompanied. They must ensure wherever possible that minors do not leave the territory against the wishes of the persons having parental care over them. (…) (6).

6.9. Group trips

6.9.1. The intensity of checks to which group trip participants are subject will normally depend on their nationality.

6.9.2. In particular cases, such as for example school trips or groups of retired people or pilgrims, checks may be restricted to verification on the basis of the occupancy list or spot checks on travellers. Whatever the situation, normal procedure shall apply to checks on the group leader.

6.10. Aliens who submit an application for asylum at the border

If an alien requests asylum at the border, the national laws of the Contracting Party concerned shall apply until it is determined who has responsibility for dealing with the application for asylum.

6.11. Members of international organisations

Holders of the following documents issued by the international organisations listed below may, in carrying out their duties, be granted preferential treatment where possible vis-à-vis other travellers during border checks.

As a general rule, holders of these documents are not required to prove that they have sufficient means of subsistence.

The following documents, in particular, are taken into consideration:

— United Nations laissez-passer issued to staff of the United Nations and subordinate agencies under the Convention on Privileges and Immunities of Specialised Agencies adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 21 November 1947 in New York,

— laissez-passer issued by the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC),

— European Economic Community (EEC) laissez-passer,

— European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) laissez-passer,

— legitimacy certificate issued by the Secretary-General of the Council of Europe,

— documents issued by a NATO Headquarters (military ID card accompanied by a travel order, travel warrant, or an individual or group service order).

(1) Text amended by Council Decision 2002/352/EC (OJ L 123, 9.5.2002, p. 47). Applicable since 1 June 2002.

(2) Text deleted by Council Decision 2002/352/EC (OJ L 123, 9.5.2002, p. 47). Applicable since 1 June 2002.

(3) Text amended by Council Decision (EC) No 2002/587/EC (OJ L 187, 16.7.2002, p. 50). Applicable since 16 July 2002.

(4) Text amended by Council Decision 2002/587/EC (OJ L 187, 16.7.2002, p. 50). Applicable since 16 July 2002.

(5) Text amended by Council Decision 2002/587/EC (OJ L 187, 16.7.2002, p. 50), which also deleted the original point 3.3.1 (point numbering has been amended accordingly). Applicable since 16 July 2002.

(6) Points 6.8.2 and 6.8.3 have been deleted by Council Decision 2002/587/EC (OJ L 187, 16.7.2002, p. 50). Applicable since 16 July 2002.

ANNEX 1 Authorised border crossing points (Part i, point 1.2, of the Common Manual) INDEX BELGIUM page 119 DENMARK page 119 GERMANY page 121 GREECE page 130 SPAIN page 132 FRANCE page 133 ITALY page 136 LUXEMBOURG page 142 NETHERLANDS page 142 AUSTRIA page 142 PORTUGAL page 145 FINLAND page 146 SWEDEN page 148 ICELAND page 148 NORWAY page 149 BELGIUM Air borders — Brussels national airport (Zaventem) — Ostend — Deurne — Bierset — Gosselies — Wevelgem (aerodrome) Sea borders — Antwerp — Ostend — Zeebrugge — Nieuwpoort — Gent — Blankenberge Land borders — Eurostar (Channel Tunnel) Brussels-Zuid/Midi DENMARK Sea borders Denmark — Aabenraa Havn — Aalborg Havn A/S — Aalborg Portland A/S — Aarø Havn — Aarøsund Havn — Aggersund Kalkværks Udskibningsbro (Løgstør) — Allinge Havn — Asnæs-, Advedøre-, Kyndby-, Masnedø-, Stigsnæsværkets Havne — Assens Havn — Bagenkop Havn — Bandholm Havn — Bogense Havn — Bønnerup Havn — Dansk Salt A/S' Anlægskaj (Mariager) — Det Danske Stålvalseværk A/S' Havn (Frederiksværk) — Dragør Havn — Enstedværkets Havn (Aabenraa) — Esbjerg Havn — Faaborg Havn — Fakse Ladeplads Fiskeri- og Lystbådehavn — Faxe Havn — Fredericia Havn — Frederikshavn Havn — Gedser Færgehavn — Grenaa Havn — Gråsten Havn — Gulfhavn (på Stigsnæs ved Skælskør) — Haderslev Havn — Hals Havn — Hanstholm Havn — Hasle Havn — Havnen ved Kolby Kås (Samsø) — Helsingør Færgehavn — Hirtshals Havn — H.J. Hansen Hadsund A/S' Havn — Hobro Havn — Holbæk Havn — Holstebro-Struer Havn — Horsens Havn — Hou Havn (Odder) — Hundested Havn — Hvide Sande Havn — Kalundborg Havn — Kaløvig Bådehavn — Kerteminde Havn & Marina — Klintholm Havn — Kolding Havn — Kongsdal Havn — Korsør Havn — Københavns Havn — Køge Havn — Lemvig Havn — Lindø-Terminalen — Lyngs Odde Ammoniakhavn — Marstal Havn — Middelfart Havn — Nakskov Havn — Nexø Havn — NKT Trådværket A/S' Havn (Middelfart) — Nordjyllandsværkets Havn — Nykøbing F. Havn — Nyborg Fritids- og Lystbådehavn samt Fiskerihavn — Nyborg Havn A/S (Lindholm Havn og Avernakke Pier) — Næstved Havn — Odense Havn — Odense Staalskibsværft A/S' Havn — Orehoved Havn — Randers Havn — Rudkøbing Havn — Rødby Færge- og Trafikhavn — Rømø Havn — Rønne Havn — Skagen Havn — Skive Havn — Skærbækværkets Havn — Statoil Pieren, Melbyvej 17 i Kalundborg — Stege Havn — Stevns Kridtbruds Udskibningspier — Stubbekøbing Havn — Studstrupværkets Havn (Skødstrup) — Svaneke Havn — Svendborg Trafikhavn — Søby Havn — Sønderborg Havn — Sæby Havn — Tejn Havn — Thisted Havn — Thorsminde Havn — Thyborøn Havn — Vang Havn — Vejle Havn — Vordingborg Havn — Ærøskøbing Havn — Århus Havn Faroe Islands — Fuglafjarðar Havn — Klaksvikar Havn — Kollafjarðar Havn — Oyra Havn — Runavikar Havn — Tórshavnar Havn — Tvøroyrar Havn — Vágs Havn Greenland — Aasiaat (Egedesminde) — Ilulissat (Jakobshavn) — Ittoqqortoormiit (Scoresbysund) — Kangerlussuaq (Sdr. Strømfjord) — Maniitsoq (Sukkertoppen) — Nanortalik — Narsaq — Narsarsuaq — Nuuk (Godthåb) — Paamiut (Frederikshåb) — Qaanaaq (Thule) — Qaqortoq (Julianehåb) — Qasigiannguit (Christianshåb) — Qeqertarsuaq (Godhavn) — Sisimiut (Holsteinsborg) — Tasiilaq (tidl. Angmagssalik) — Upernavik — Uummannaq Air borders Denmark: — Aalborg Lufthavn — Aarhus Lufthavn — Billund Lufthavn — Bornholms Lufthavn — Esbjerg Lufthavn — Herning Flyveplads — Karup Lufthavn — Koldingegnens Lufthavn, Vamdrup — Københavns Lufthavn i Kastrup — Københavns Lufthavn, Roskilde — Lemvig Flyveplads — Odense Lufthavn — Skive Lufthavn — Stauning Lufthavn — Sønderborg Lufthavn — Thisted Lufthavn — Vojens Lufthavn — Ærø Lufthavn Faroe Islands — Vágar Lufthavn Greenland — Kangerlussuaq (Sdr. Strømfjord) — Nuuk (Godthåb) — Qaanaaq GERMANY Authorised border crossing points GERMANY—DENMARK Designation of border crossing points on the German side Designation of border crossing points on the Danish side Flensburg Bahnhof Pattburg (Padborg) Wassersleben Kollund Kupfermühle Krusau (Kruså) Flensburg Bahnhof Pattburg Bahnhof (Station Padborg) Harrislee Pattburg (Padborg) Ellund Autobahn (BAB 7) Fröslee (Frøslev) Jardelund Sophienthal (Sofiedal) Weesby Groß Jündewatt (St. Jyndevad) Neupepersmark Alt Pepersmark (Pebersmark) Westre Grünhof (Grøngård) Böglum Seth (Sæd) Süderlügum Bahnhof Tondern (Tønder) Aventoft Møllehus Rosenkranz Rüttebüll (Rudbøl) Rodenäs Hoger (Højer) Authorised border crossing points GERMANY—POLAND Designation of border crossing points on the German side Designation of border crossing points on the Polish side Ahlbeck Swinemünde (Świnoujście) Linken Neu Lienken (Lubieszyn) Grambow Bahnhof Scheune (Szczecin-Gumieńce) Pomellen-Autobahn (BAB 11) Kolbitzow (Kolbaskowo) Tantow Bahnhof Scheune (Szczecin-Gumieńce) Rosow Rosow (Rosowek) Mescherin Greifenhagen (Gryfino) Gartz Fiddichow (Widuchowa) Schwedt Niederkränig (Krajnik Dolny) Hohensaaten-Hafen Niederwutzen (Osinów Dolny) Hohenwutzen Niederwutzen (Osinów Dolny) Küstrin-Kietz Küstrin (Kostrzyn) Küstrin-Kietz Bahnhof Küstrin (Kostrzyn) Frankfurt/Oder Hafen Słubice Frankfurt/Oder Straße Słubice Frankfurt/Oder Bahnhof Kunersdorf (Kunowice) Frankfurt/Oder-Autobahn (BAB 12) Schwetig (Świecko) Eisenhüttenstadt Mühlow (Miłów) Guben Straße Guben (Gubin) Guben Bahnhof Guben (Gubin) Forst Bahnhof Forst (Zasieki) Forst-Autobahn (BAB 15) Erlenholz (Olszyna) Bad Muskau Muskau (Mużaków) Podrosche Priebus (Przewoz) Horka Bahnhof Nieder Bielau (Bielawa Dolna) Ludwigsdorf Autobahn Hennersdorf (Jedrzychowice) Görlitz Straße Görlitz (Zgorzelec) Görlitz Bahnhof Görlitz (Zgorzelec) Ostriz Ostriz-Bahnhof (Krzewina Zgorzelecka) Zittau Chopin-Straße Kleinschönau (Sieniawka) Zittau-Friedensstraße Poritsch (Porajow) Authorised border crossing points GERMANY—CZECH REPUBLIC Designation of border crossing points on the German side Designation of border crossing points on the Czech side Zittau Bahnhof Grottau an der Neiße (Hrádek n.N.) Seifhennersdorf (Nordstraße) Rumburg (Rumburk) Seifhennersdorf Warnsdorf (Varnsdorf) Neugersdorf Georgswalde (Jiřikov) Ebersbach Bahnhof Rumburg (Rumburk) Sebnitz Niedereinsiedel (Dolni Poustevna) Schmilka Herrnskretschen (Hřensko) Bad Schandau Bahnhof Tetschen (Dêcin) Schöna Herrnskretschen (Høensko) Bahratal Peterswald (Petrovice) Zinnwald Zinnwald (Cinovec) Neurehefeld Moldava (Moldau) Reitzenhain Sebastiansberg (Hora Sv. Šebestiána) Bärenstein (Eisenbahn) Weipert (Vejprty) Bärenstein Weipert (Vejprty) Oberwiesenthal Gottesgab (Boži Dar) Johanngeorgenstadt Bahnhof Breitenbach (Potučky) Johanngeorgenstadt Breitenbach (Potučky) Klingenthal Graslitz (Kraslice) Bad Brambach Bahnhof Voitersreuth (Vojtanov) Schönberg Voitersreuth (Vojtanov) Bad Elster Grün (Doubrava) Selb Asch (Aš) Selb-Plössberg Bahnhof Asch (Aš) Schirnding Cheb/Eger Bahnhof Eger (Cheb) Schirnding Mühlbach (Pomezi) Waldsassen Heiligenkreuz (Svaty Křiž) Mähring Promenhof (Broumov) Bärnau Paulusbrunn (Pavluv Studenec) Waidhaus (B 14) Rosshaupt (Rozvadov) Waidhaus Autobahn (BAB 6) Rosshaupt (Rozvadov) Eslarn Eisendorf (Železná) Waldmünchen Haselbach (Lisková) Furth im Wald Schafberg Vollmau (Folmava) Furth im Wald Bahnhof Böhmisch Kubitzen (Česká Kubice) Eschlkam Neumark (Všeruby) Neukirchen b. HL. Blut St. Katharina (Sverá Katerina) Bayerisch Eisenstein Markt Eisenstein (Železná Ruda) Bayerisch Eisenstein Bahnhof Markt Eisenstein (Železná Ruda) Philippsreuth Kuschwarda (Strážny) Haidmühle Tusset (Stožek) Authorised border crossing points GERMANY—SWITZERLAND Designation of border crossing points on the German side Designation of border crossing points on the Swiss side Konstanz-Klein Venedig Kreuzlingen-Seestraße Konstanz-Schweizer. Personenbahnhof Konstanz Personenbahnhof Konstanz-Wiesenstraße Kreuzlingen-Wiesenstraße Konstanz-Kreuzlinger Tor Kreuzlingen Konstanz-Emmishofer Tor Kreuzlingen-Emmishofer Konstanz-Paradieser Tor Tägerwilen Gaienhofen Steckborn Hemmenhofen Steckborn Wangen Mammern Öhningen-Oberstaad Stein am Rhein Öhningen Stein am Rhein Rielasingen Bahnhof Ramsen Bahnhof Singen Bahnhof Schaffhausen Rielasingen Ramsen-Grenze Gasthof ‘Spießhof’ an der B 34 Gasthof ‘Spießhof’ Gottmadingen Buch-Grenze Murbach Buch-Dorf Gailingen-Ost Ramsen-Dorf Gailingen-Brücke Diessenhofen Gailingen-West Dörflingen-Pünt und Dörflingen-Laag Randegg Neu Dörflingen Bietingen Thayngen Straße Thayngen Bahnhof Thayngen Bahnhof Ebringen Thayngen-Ebringer Straße Schlatt am Randen Thayngen-Schlatt Büßlingen Hofen Wiechs-Dorf Altdorf Wiechs-Schlauch Merishausen Neuhaus-Randen Bargen Fützen Beggingen Stühlingen Schleitheim Eberfingen Hallau Eggingen Wunderklingen Erzingen Trasadingen Erzingen Bahnhof Trasadingen Bahnhof Weisweil Wilchingen Jestetten-Wangental Osterfingen Jestetten-Hardt Neuhausen Jestetten Bahnhof Neuhausen Bahnhof Altenburg-Rheinau Bahnhof Neuhausen Bahnhof Altenburg-Nohl Nohl Altenburg-Rheinbrücke Rheinau Nack Rüdlingen Lottstetten Rafz-Solgen Lottstetten-Dorf Rafz-Grenze Lottstetten Bahnhof Rafz Bahnhof Baltersweil Rafz-Schluchenberg Dettighofen Buchenloh Bühl Wil-Grenze Günzgen Wasterkingen Herdern Rheinsfelden Rötteln Kaiserstuhl Reckingen Rekingen Rheinheim Zurzach-Burg Waldshut Bahnhof Koblenz Waldshut-Rheinbrücke Koblenz Waldshut-Rheinfähre Juppen/Full Dogern Leibstadt Albbruck Schwaderloch Laufenburg Laufenburg Bad Säckingen-Alte Rheinbrücke Stein/Holzbrücke Bad Säckingen Stein Rheinfelden Rheinfelden Grenzacherhorn Riehen-Grenzacher Straße Inzlingen Riehen-Inzlinger Straße Lörrach-Wiesentalbahn Riehen Bahnhof Lörrach-Stetten Riehen Lörrach-Wiesenuferweg Riehen-Weilstraße Weil-Ost Riehen-Weilstraße Basel Badischer Personenbahnhof Basel Badischer Bahnhof Basel Badischer Rangierbahnhof in Weil am Rhein Basel Badischer Rangierbahnhof Weil-Otterbach Basel-Freiburger Straße Weil-Friedlingen Basel-Hiltalinger Straße Weil am Rhein-Autobahn (BAB 5) Basel Authorised border crossing points PORTS ON LAKE CONSTANCE (BODENSEE) Lindau-Städtischer Segelhafen Lindau-Hafen Bad Schachen Wasserburg (Bodensee) Langenargen Friedrichshafen-Hafen Meersburg Überlingen Mainau Konstanz-Hafen Insel Reichenau Radolfzell Authorised border crossing points PORTS ON THE RHINE Rheinfelden-Rheinhafen Wyhlen (Wyhlen GmbH) Grenzach (Fa. Geigy) Grenzach (Fa. Hoffmann La Roche AG) Weil-Schiffsanlegestelle Weil-Rheinhafen Authorised border crossing points PORTS ON THE NORTH SEA List/Sylt Hörnum/Sylt Dagebüll Wyk/Föhr Wittdün/Amrum Pellworm Strucklahnungshörn/Nordstrand Süderhafen/Nordstrand Husum Friedrichstadt Tönning Büsum Meldorfer Hafen Friedrichskoog Helgoland Itzehoe Wewelsfleth Brunsbüttel Glückstadt Elmshorn Uetersen Wedel Hamburg Hamburg-Neuenfelde Buxtehude Stade Stadersand Bützflether Sand Otterndorf Cuxhaven Bremerhaven Bremen Lemwerder Elsfleth Brake Großensiel Nordenham Fedderwardersiel Eckwarderhörne Varel Wilhelmshaven Hooksiel Horumersiel Carolinensiel (Harlesiel) Neuharlingersiel Bensersiel Westeraccumersiel Norddeich Greetsiel Wangerooge Spiekeroog Langeoog Baltrum Norderney Juist Borkum Emden Leer Weener Papenburg Herbrum Authorised border crossing points BALTIC PORTS Flensburg-Hafen Flensburg-Mürwik (Hafenanlage der Bundesmarine) Glücksburg Langballigau Quern-Neukirchen Gelting Maasholm Schleimünde Kappeln Olpenitz (Hafenanlagen der Bundesmarine) Schleswig Ostseebad Damp Eckernförde Eckernförde (Hafenanlagen der Bundesmarine) Surendorf (Hafenanlagen der Bundesmarine) Rendsburg Strande Schilksee Kiel-Holtenau Kiel Möltenort/Heikendorf Jägersberg (Hafenanlage der Bundesmarine) Laboe Orth Puttgarden Bahnhof Puttgarden Burgstaaken Heiligenhafen Großenbrode (Hafenanlagen der Bundesmarine) Grömitz Neustadt (Hafenanlage der Bundesmarine) Niendorf Lübeck-Travemünde Lübeck Timmendorf Wolgast Wismar Warnemünde Rostock Überseehafen Stralsund Libben Bock Saßnitz Ruden Greifswald-Ladebow Hafen Kamminke Ahlbeck Seebrücke ODERHAFF Anklam Hafen Karnin Ueckermünde Altwarp Hafen Authorised border crossing points Airports, aerodromes, air fields THE FEDERAL STATE OF SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN Eggebek Flensburg-Schäferhaus Helgoland-Düne Hohn Itzehoe-Hungriger Wolf Kiel-Holtenau Lübeck-Blankensee Schleswig/Jagel Westerland/Sylt Wyk/Föhr THE FEDERAL STATE OF MECKLENBURG-WESTERN POMERANIA Barth Heringsdorf Neubrandenburg-Trollenhagen Rostock-Laage THE FEDERAL STATE OF HAMBURG Hamburg THE FEDERAL STATE OF BREMEN Bremen Bremerhaven-Luneort THE FEDERAL STATE OF LOWER SAXONY Borkum Braunschweig-Waggum Bückeburg-Achum Celle Damme/Dümmer-See Diepholz Emden Fassberg Ganderkesee Hannover Jever Nordhorn-Lingen Leer-Papenburg Lemwerder, Werksflughafen der Weser-Flugzeugbau GmbH Bremen Norderney Nordholz Osnabrück-Atterheide Peine-Eddersee Wangerooge Wilhelmshaven-Mariensiel Wittmundhafen Wunstorf THE FEDERAL STATE OF BRANDENBURG Cottbus-Drewitz Cottbus-Neuhausen Kyritz Nauen Neuhausen Schönhagen THE FEDERAL STATE OF BERLIN Tegel Tempelhof Schönefeld THE FEDERAL STATE OF NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA Aachen-Merzbrück Arnsberg Bielefeld-Windelsbleiche Bonn-Hardthöhe Dahlemer Binz Dortmund-Wickede Düsseldorf Essen-Mülheim Hangelar Hopsten Köln/Bonn Marl/Loemühle Meinerzhagen Mönchengladbach Münster-Osnabrück Nörvenich Paderborn-Lippstadt Porta Westfalica Rheine-Bentlage Siegerland Stadtlohn-Wenningfeld THE FEDERAL STATE OF SAXONY Dresden Leipzig-Halle Rothenburg/Oberlausitz THE FEDERAL STATE OF THURINGIA Erfurt THE FEDERAL STATE OF RHINELAND-PALATINATE Büchel Föhren Koblenz-Winningen Mendig Pferdsfeld Pirmasens-Zweibrücken Speyer Worms-Bürgerweide-West THE FEDERAL STATE OF SAARLAND Saarbrücken-Ensheim Saarlouis/Düren THE FEDERAL STATE OF HESSE Egelsbach Allendorf/Eder Frankfurt/Main Fritzlar Kassel-Calden Reichelsheim THE FEDERAL STATE OF BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG Aalen-Heidenheim-Elchingen Baden Airport Karlsruhe Baden-Baden Baden-Baden-Oos Donaueschingen-Villingen Freiburg/Brg. Friedrichshafen-Löwentl Heubach (Krs. Schwäb.Gmünd) Karlsruhe Forchheim Konstanz Laupheim Leutkirch-Unterzeil Mannheim-Neuostheim Mengen Mosbach-Lohrbach Niederstetten Offenburg Schwäbisch Hall Stuttgart THE FEDERAL STATE OF BAVARIA Aschaffenburg Augsburg-Mühlhausen Bayreuth-Bindlacher Berg Coburg-Brandensteinsebene Eggenfelden/Niederbayern Erding Fürstenfeldbruck Hassfurth-Mainwiesen Herzogenaurach Hof-Pirk Ingolstadt Kempten-Durach Landsberg/Lech Landshut-Ellermühle Lechfeld Leipheim Memmingen München ‘Franz Joseph Strauß’ Neuburg Nürnberg Oberpfaffenhofen, Werkflugplatz der Dornier-Werke GmbH Passau-Vilshofen Roth Rothenburg o. d. Tauber Straubing-Wallmühle Weiden/Opf. Würzburg am Schenkenturm GREECE Εναέρια σύνορα Airports 1. ΑΘΗΝΑ ATHINA 2. ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΟ HERAKLION 3. ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΗ THESSALONIKI 4. ΡΟΔΟΣ RHODOS 5. ΚΕΡΚΥΡΑ KERKIRA (KORFU) 6. ΑΝΤΙΜΑΧΕΙΑ ΚΩ ANTIMACHIA (KOS) 7. ΧΑΝΙΑ CHANIA 8. ΠΥΘΑΓΟΡΕΙΟ ΣΑΜΟΥ PITHAGORIO - SAMOS 9. ΜΥΤΙΛΗΝΗ MITILINI 10. ΙΩΑΝΝΙΝΑ IOANNINA 11. ΑΡΑΞΟΣ (1) ARAXOS (1) 12. ΣΗΤΕΙΑ SITIA 13. ΧΙΟΣ (1) CHIOS (1) 14. ΑΡΓΟΣΤΟΛΙ ARGOSTOLI 15. ΚΑΛΑΜΑΤΑ KALAMATA 16. ΚΑΒΑΛΑ KAVALA 17. ΑΚΤΙΟ ΒΟΝΙΤΣΑΣ AKTIO-VONITSAS 18. ΜΗΛΟΣ (1) MILOS (1) 19. ΖΑΚΥΝΘΟΣ ZAKINTHOS 20. ΘΗΡΑ THIRA 21. ΣΚΙΑΘΟΣ SKIATHOS 22. ΚΑΡΠΑΘΟΣ (1) KARPATHOS (1) 23. ΜΥΚΟΝΟΣ MIKONOS 24. ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥΠΟΛΗ ALEXANDROUPOLI 25. ΕΛΕΥΣΙΝΑ ELEFSINA 26. ΑΝΔΡΑΒΙΔΑ ANDRAVIDA 27. ΑΤΣΙΚΗ ΛΗΜΝΟΥ ATSIKI-LIMNOS Θαλάσσια σύνορα Ports 1. ΓΥΘΕΙΟ GHITHIO 2. ΣΥΡΟΣ SIROS 3. ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΙΤΣΑ IGOYMENITSA 4. ΣΤΥΛΙΔΑ STILIDA 5. ΑΓΙΟΣ ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΣ AGIOS NIKOLAOS 6. ΡΕΘΥΜΝΟ RETHIMNO 7. ΛΕΥΚΑΔΑ LEFKADA 8. ΣΑΜΟΣ SAMOS 9. ΒΟΛΟΣ VOLOS 10. ΚΩΣ KOS 11. ΔΑΦNΗ ΑΓΙΟΥ ΟΡΟΥΣ DAFNI-AGIOU OROUS 12. ΙΒΗΡΑ ΑΓΙΟ ΟΡΟΥΣ IVIRA-AGIOU OROUS 13. ΓΕΡΑΚΙΝΗ GERAKINI 14. ΓΛΥΦΑΔΑ GLIFADA 15. ΠΡΕΒΕΖΑ PREVEZA 16. ΠΑΤΡΑ PATRA 17. ΚΕΡΚΥΡΑ KERKIRA 18. ΣΗΤΕΙΑ SITIA 19. ΧΙΟΣ CHIOS 20. ΑΡΓΟΣΤΟΛΙ ARGOSTOLI 21. ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ THESSALONIKI 22. ΚΟΡΙΝΘΟΣ KORINTHOS 23. ΚΑΛΑΜΑΤΑ KALAMATA 24. ΚΑΒΑΛΑ KAVALA 25. ΙΘΑΚΗ ITHAKI 26. ΠΥΛΟΣ PILOS 27. ΠΥΘΑΓΟΡΕΙΟ ΣΑΜΟΥ PITHAGORIO-SAMOS 28. ΛΑΥΡΙΟ LAVRIO 29. ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΟ HERAKLIO 30. ΣΑΜΗ ΚΕΦΑΛΛΗΝΙΑΣ SAMI-KEFALONIA 31. ΠΕΙΡΑΙΑΣ PIREAS 32. ΜΗΛΟΣ MILOS 33. ΚΑΤΑΚΩΛΟ KATAKOLO 34. ΣΟΥΔΑ ΧΑΝΙΩΝ SOUDA-CHANIA 35. ΙΤΕΑ ITEA 36. ΕΛΕΥΣΙΝΑ ELEFSINA 37. ΜΥΚΟΝΟΣ MIKONOS 38. ΝΑΥΠΛΙΟ NAFPLIO 39. ΧΑΛΚΙΔΑ CHALKIDA 40. ΡΟΔΟΣ RODOS 41. ΖΑΚΥΝΘΟΣ ZAKINTHOS 42. ΘΗΡΑ THIRA 43. ΚΑΛΟΙ ΛΙΜΕΝΕΣ ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΟΥ KALI-LIMENES-HERAKLIOU 44. ΜΥΡΙΝΑ ΛΗΜΝΟΥ MYRINA-LIMNOS 45. ΠΑΞΟΙ PAXI 46. ΣΚΙΑΘΟΣ SKIATHOS 47. ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥΠΟΛΗ ALEXANDROUPOLI 48. ΑΙΓΙΟ AIGHIO 49. ΠΑΤΜΟΣ PATMOS 50. ΣΥΜΗ SIMI 51. ΜΥΤΙΛΗΝΗ MITILINI 52. ΧΑΝΙΑ CHANIA Χερσαία σύνορα Land borders Σύνορα με την Αλβανία with Albania 1. ΚΑΚΑΒΙΑ 1. KAKAVIA 2. ΚΡΥΣΤΑΛΛΟΠΗΓΗ 2. KRISTALOPIGI Σύνορα Fyrom with Fyrom 1. ΝΙΚΗ 1. NIKI 2. ΕΙΔΟΜΕNΗ (ΣΙΔΗΡΟΔΡΟΜΙΚΟ) 2. IDOMENI (RAIL) 3. ΕΥΖΩΝΟΙ 3. EVZONI 4. ΔΟΙΡΑΝΗ 4. DOIRANI Σύνορα με τη Βουλγαρία with Bulgaria 1. ΠΡΟΜΑΧΩΝΑΣ 1. PROMACHONAS 2. ΠΡΟΜΑΧΩΝΑΣ (ΣΙΔΗΡΟΔΡΟΜΙΚΟ) 2. PROMACHONAS (RAIL) 3. ΔΙΚΑΙΑ (ΣΙΔΗΡΟΔΡΟΜΙΚΟ) 3. DIKEA EVROS (RAIL) 4. ΟΡΜΕΝΙΟ 4. ORMENIO EVROS Σύνορα με την Τουρκία with Turkey 1. ΚΑΣΤΑΝΙΕΣ ΕΒΡΟΥ 1. KASTANIES, EVROS 2. ΠΥΘΙΟΥ (ΣΙΔΗΡΟΔΡΟΜΙΚΟ) 2. PITHIO (RAIL) 3. ΚΗΠΟΙ ΕΒΡΟΥ 3. KIPI, EVROS SPAIN Air borders — Madrid-Barajas — Barcelona — Gran Canaria — Palma de Mallorca — Alicante — Ibiza — Malaga — Sevilla — Tenerife Sur — Valencia — Almeria — Asturias — Bilbao — Fuerteventura — Gerona — Granada — Lanzarote — La Palma — Menorca — Santander — Santiago — Vitoria — Saragossa — Pamplona — Jerez de la Fontera — Valladolid — Reus — Vigo — La Coruña — Murcia Sea borders — Algeciras (Cadix) — Alicante — Almería — Arrecife (Lanzarote) — Avilés (Asturien) — Barcelona — Bilbao — Cadiz — Cartagena (Murcia) — Castellón — Ceuta — Ferrol (La Coruña) — Gijón — Huelva — Ibiza — La Coruña — La Línea de la Concepción — La Luz (Las Palmas) — Mahón — Malaga — Melilla — Motril (Granada) — Palma de Mallorca — Sagunto (provincia de Valencia) — San Sebastian — Santa Cruz de Tenerife — Santander — Sevilla — Tarragona — Valencia — Vigo Land borders — Ceuta — Melilla — La Seo de Urgel — La Línea de la Concepción (2) FRANCE Air borders 1. Abbeville 2. Agen-la Garenne 3. Ajaccio-Campo dell'Oro 4. Albi-le-Séquestre 5. Amiens-Glisy 6. Angers-Marcé 7. Angoulême-Brie-Champniers 8. Annecy Methet 9. Annemasse 10. Auxerre-Branches 11. Avignon-Caumont 12. Bâle-Mulhouse 13. Bastia-Poretta 14. Beauvais-Tillé 15. Bergerac-Roumanière 16. Besançon-La Vèze 17. Béziers-Vias 18. Biarritz-Bayonne-Anglet 19. Bordeaux-Mérignac 20. Bourges 21. Brest-Guipavas 22. Caen-Carpiquet 23. Cahors-Lalbenque 24. Calais-Dunkerque 25. Calvi-Sainte-Catherine 26. Cannes-Mandelieu 27. Carcassonne-Salvaza 28. Castres-Mazamet 29. Châlons-Vatry 30. Chambéry-Aix les Bains 31. Charleville-Mézières 32. Châteauroux-Déols 33. Cherbourg-Mauperthus 34. Clermont-Ferrand-Aulnat 35. Colmar-Houssen 36. Courchevel 37. Deauville-Saint-Gatien 38. Dieppe-Saint-Aubin 39. Dijon-Longvic 40. Dinard-Pleurtuit 41. Dôle-Tavaux 42. Epinal-Mirecourt 43. Figari-Sud Corse 44. Cap-Tallard 45. Genève-Cointrin 46. Granville 47. Grenoble-Saint Geoirs 48. Hyères-Le-Palivestre 49. Issy-les-Moulineaux 50. La Môle 51. Lannion 52. La Rochelle-Laleu 53. Laval-Entrammes 54. Le Castelet 55. Le Havre-Octeville 56. Le Mans-Arnage 57. Le Touquet-Paris Plage 58. Lille-Lesquin 59. Limoges-Bellegarde 60. Lognes-Emerainville 61. Lorient-Lann Bihoué 62. Lyon-Bron 63. Lyon-Saint-Exupéry 64. Marseille-Provence 65. Meaux-Esbly 66. Megève 67. Metz-Nancy-Lorraine 68. Monaco-Héliport 69. Montbéliard-Courcelles 70. Montpellier-Fréjorgues 71. Morlaix-Ploujean 72. Nancy-Essey 73. Nantes-Atlantique 74. Nevers-Fourchambault 75. Nice-Côte d'Azur 76. Nîmes-Garons 77. Orléans-Bricy 78. Orléans-Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel 79. Paris-Charles de Gaulle 80. Paris-le Bourget 81. Paris-Orly 82. Pau-Pyrénées 83. Périgueux-Bassilac 84. Perpignan-Rivesaltes 85. Poitiers-Biard 86. Pontarlier 87. Pontoise-Cormeilles-en-Vexin 88. Quimper-Pluguffan 89. Reims-Champagne 90. Rennes Saint-Jacques 91. Roanne-Renaison 92. Rodez-Marcillac 93. Rouen-Vallée de Seine 94. Saint-Brieuc-Armor 95. Saint-Etienne-Bouthéon 96. Saint-Nazaire-Montoir 97. Saint-Yan 98. Strasbourg-Entzheim 99. Tarbes-Ossun-Lourdes 100. Toulouse-Blagnac 101. Tours-Saint-Symphorien 102. Toussus-le-Noble 103. Troyes-Barberey 104. Valence-Chabeuil 105. Valenciennes-Denain 106. Vannes-Meucon 107. Vesoul-Frotey 108. Vichy-Charmeil Sea borders 1. Agde 2. Ajaccio 3. Anglet 4. Arcachon 5. Bastia 6. Bayonne 7. Beaulieu-sur-Mer 8. Biarritz 9. Bonifacio 10. Bordeaux 11. Boulogne 12. Brest 13. Caen-Ouistreham 14. Calais 15. Calvi 16. Camaret 17. Cannes-Vieux Port 18. Cap-d'Agde 19. Carry-le-Rouet 20. Carteret 21. Cassis 22. Cherbourg 23. Ciboure 24. Concarneau 25. Dieppe 26. Dunkerque 27. Fécamp 28. Golfe-Juan 29. Granville 30. Groix 31. Gruissan 32. Hendaye 33. Honfleur 34. La Rochelle-La Pallice 35. La Turballe 36. Le Croisic 37. Le Guilvinec 38. Le Havre 39. Le Palais 40. Les Sables-d'Olonne-Port 41. Le Touquet-Etaples 42. Le Tréport 43. Leucate 44. L'Ile-Rousse 45. Lorient 46. Macinaggio 47. Mandelieu-la Napoule 48. Marseille 49. Monaco-Port de la Condamine 50. Morlaix 51. Nantes-Saint-Nazaire 52. Nice 53. Noirmoutier 54. Paimpol 55. Pornic 56. Port-Camargue 57. Port-de-Bouc-Fos/Port-Saint-Louis 58. Port-en-Bessin 59. Port-la-Nouvelle 60. Porto-Vecchio 61. Port-Vendres 62. Propriano 63. Quimper 64. Roscoff 65. Rouen 66. Royan 67. Saint-Brieuc (maritime) 68. Saint-Cyprien 69. Saint-Florent 70. Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie 71. Saint-Malo 72. Saint-Valéry-en-Caux 73. Sète 74. Toulon 75. Valras 76. Villefranche-sur-Mer 77. Villeneuve-Loubet Land borders with Switzerland 1. Abbevillers road 2. Bâle-Mulhouse airport (pedestrian walkway between areas) 3. Bois-d'Amont 4. Chatel 5. Col France 6. Delle road 7. Divonne-les-Bains 8. Ferney-Voltaire 9. Ferrières-sous-Jougne 10. Genève-Cornavin station 11. Goumois 12. Hegenheim-Allschwill 13. Huningue road 14. La Cheminée road 15. La Cure 16. Les Fourgs 17. Les Verrières road 18. Leymen-Benken 19. Moëllesulaz 20. Mouthe road 21. Pfetterhouse 22. Pontarlier-station 23. Poste autoroute Saint-Julien-Bardonnex (motorway post) 24. Pougny 25. Prévessin 26. Saint-Gingolph 27. Saint-Julien-Perly 28. Saint-Louis motorway 29. Saint-Louis-Bâle-rail freight station 30. Saint-Louis-Lysbuchel 31. Vallard-Thonex 32. Vallorbe (international trains) 33. Vallorcine 34. Veigy with the United Kingdom: (cross-channel fixed link) 1. Gare de Paris-Nord (station)/London Waterloo Station/Ashford International Station 2. Gare de Lille-Europe (station)/London Waterloo Station/Ashford International Station 3. Cheriton/Coquelles 4. Gare de Fréthun (station)/London Waterloo Station/Ashford International Station 5. Gare de Chessy-Marne-la-Vallée (station) 6. Gare d'Avignon-Centre (station) with Andorra Pas de la Case ITALY Air borders — Alessandria Polizia di Stato — Alghero (SS) Polizia di Stato — Ancona Polizia di Stato — Aosta Polizia di Stato — Bari Polizia di Stato — Bergamo Polizia di Stato — Biella Polizia di Stato — Bologna Polizia di Stato — Bolzano Polizia di Stato — Brescia Polizia di Stato — Brindisi Polizia di Stato — Cagliari Polizia di Stato — Catane Polizia di Stato — Crotono Polizia di Stato — Cuneo Polizia di Stato — Firenze Polizia di Stato — Foggia Polizia di Stato — Forlì Polizia di Stato — Genova Polizia di Stato — Grosseto Polizia di Stato — Lamezia Terme (CZ) Polizia di Stato — Lampedusa (AG) Carabinieri — Lecce Polizia di Stato — Marina di Campo (LI) Carabinieri — Milano Linate Polizia di Stato — Napoli Polizia di Stato — Novi Ligure Carabinieri — Olbia (SS) Polizia di Stato — Oristano Polizia di Stato — Padova Polizia di Stato — Palermo Polizia di Stato — Pantelleria (TP) Carabinieri — Para Polizia di Stato — Perugia Polizia di Stato — Pescara Polizia di Stato — Pisa Polizia di Stato — Reggio di Calabria Polizia di Stato — Rimini Polizia di Stato — Roma Ciampino Polizia di Stato — Roma Fiumicino Polizia di Stato — Roma Urbe Polizia di Stato — Ronchi del Legionari (GO) Polizia di Stato — Salerno Polizia di Stato — Siena Polizia di Stato — Taranto-Grottaglie Polizia di Stato — Torino Polizia di Stato — Trapani Polizia di Stato — Tortoli (NU) Polizia di Stato — Treviso Polizia di Stato — Varese Malpensa Polizia di Stato — Venezia Polizia di Stato — Verona Polizia di Stato — Villanova d'Albenga (SV) Carabinieri Sea borders — Alassio (SV) Polizia di Stato — Alghero (SS) Polizia di Stato — Ancona Polizia di Stato — Anzio — Nettuno (RM) Polizia di Stato — Augusta (SR) Polizia di Stato — Barcoli (NA) Carabinieri — Bari Polizia di Stato — Barletta (BA) Polizia di Stato — Brindisi Polizia di Stato — Cagliari Polizia di Stato — Campo nell'Elba (LI) Carabinieri — Caorle (VE) Carabinieri — Capraia Isola (LI) Carabinieri — Capri (NA) Polizia di Stato — Carbonia (CA) Polizia di Stato — Castellammare di Stabia (NA) Polizia di Stato — Castellammare del Golfo (TP) Polizia di Stato — Catania Polizia di Stato — Chioggia (VE) Polizia di Stato — Civitavecchia (RM) Polizia di Stato — Crotone Polizia di Stato — Duino Aurisina (TS) Polizia di Stato — Finale Ligure (SV) Carabinieri — Fiumicino (RM) Polizia di Stato — Formia (LT) Polizia di Stato — Gaeta (LT) Polizia di Stato — Gallipoli (LE) Polizia di Stato — Gela (CL) Polizia di Stato — Genova Polizia di Stato — Gioia Tauro (RC) Polizia di Stato — Grado (GO) Polizia di Stato — Ischia (NA) Polizia di Stato — La Maddalena (SS) Carabinieri — La Spezia Polizia di Stato — Lampedusa (AG) Polizia di Stato — Lerici (SP) Carabinieri — Levanto (SP) Carabinieri — Licata (AG) Polizia di Stato — Lignano (VE) Carabinieri — Lipari(ME) Carabinieri — Livorno Polizia di Stato — Loano (SV) Carabinieri — Manfredonia (FG) Polizia di Stato — Marciana Marina (LI) Carabinieri — Marina di Carrara (MS) Polizia di Stato — Marsala (TP) Polizia di Stato — Mazara del Vallo (TP) Polizia di Stato — Messina Polizia di Stato — Milazzo (ME) Polizia di Stato — Molfetta (BA) Carabinieri — Monfalcone (GO) Polizia di Stato — Monopoli (BA) Carabinieri — Napoli Polizia di Stato — Olbia (SS) Polizia di Stato — Oneglia (IM) Polizia di Stato — Oristano Polizia di Stato — Ortona (CH) Carabinieri — Otranto (LE) Polizia di Stato — Palau (SS) Polizia di Stato — Palermo Polizia di Stato — Pantelleria (TP) Carabinieri — Pesaro Polizia di Stato — Pescara Polizia di Stato — Piombino (LI) Polizia di Stato — Porto Azzurro (LI) Carabinieri — Porto Cervo (SS) Polizia di Stato — Porto Empedocle (AG)