24.10.87 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesNoL302/1
II
(Actswhosepublicationisnotobligatory)
COUNCIL
COUNCILDECISION
of28September1987
concerningtheframeworkprogrammeforCommunityactivitiesinthefieldofresearchand
technologicaldevelopment (1987to1991)
(87/516/Euratom,EEC)
THECOUNCILOFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishingtheEuropean
EconomicCommunity ,andinparticularArticle130Q(1)
thereof,
HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishingtheEuropean
AtomicEnergyCommunity ,andinparticularArticle7
thereof,
HavingregardtotheproposalfromtheCommission(*),
HavingregardtotheopinionoftheEuropean
Parliament (2),
HavingregardtotheopinionoftheEconomicandSocial
Comittee(3),
HavingregardtotheopinionoftheScientificandTechnical
Committee,
WhereasArticle2oftheTreatyestablishingtheEuropean
EconomicCommunityassignstotheCommunity ,interalia,
thetaskofpromotingthroughouttheCommunity a
harmoniousdevelopment ofeconomicactivities,a
continuousandbalancedexpansionandanaccelerated
raisingofthestandardofliving;
Whereas,inordertoencouragethedevelopmentofthe
internationalcompetitiveness ofEuropeanindustry,itis
necessarytopromotescientificresearchandtechnologicaldevelopmentatCommunitylevelinordertostrengthenthe
scientificandtechnological basisofitsindustry,thereby
complementing theactivitiescarriedoutintheMember
States;
Whereasitisnecessarytoencourageundertakings ,including
smallandmedium-sized undertakings ,researchcentresand
universitiesintheirresearchandtechnologicaldevelopment
activitiesaswellastosupporttheireffortstocooperatewith
oneanother;
Whereasitisrecognizedthatsmallandmedium-sized
enterprisesareabletomakeasignificantcontributionto
theinnovativeprocessandshouldplayasubstantialrole
intheimplementation ofCommunityR&TD,thereby
contributing totheimprovement ofindustrial
competitiveness ;whereas,therefore,particularattention
shouldbepaidtothespecificneedsofsuchenterprisesin
ordertoencouragetheiraccesstoinformation ,theireffective
participationinCommunityprogrammesandtheirabilityto
exploittheresultsofCommunityresearch;
Whereasitisnecessarytopromotetheoverall,harmonious
developmentoftheCommunitywithaviewtostrengthening
itseconomicandsocialcohesion;whereasitisintendedthat
theimplementation ofcommonpoliciesoftheCommunity,
anditsstrategyforresearchandtechnologicaldevelopment ,
shallcontributetothisobjective;whereasaCommunity
frameworkprogrammeshouldplayitspart,alongwithother
Communityinstruments ,incontributingtostrengthening
scientificandtechnological infrastructure andpotential
throughoutallpartsoftheCommunity ;
I1)OJNoC275,31.10.1986,p.4.
(2)OJNoC7,12.1.1987,p.19. Whereasitisnecessarytoassociatetheimplementation ofthe
Communitystrategyforscienceandtechnologywiththe [3)OJNoC333,29.12.1986,p.45.

NoL302/2 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities24.10.87
completionoftheinternalmarket,particularlythrough
increasedresearchanddevelopmenteffortsenablingthe
definitionofcommonstandardstobeappliedthroughout
Europe;whereasthisprocesswillenableundertakingsto
takefulladvantageofthepotentialoftheinternalmarket;
whereasthisstrategyshouldtakeintoaccount,inparticular,
theimplementation ofcommonpoliciesoncompetitionand
trade;
Whereas,inordertopresentascomprehensive anoverall
viewaspossibleofitsscienceandtechnologystrategy
undertakenundertheTreatiesofRome,theCommunity
intendstoadoptamultiannualframeworkprogramme
layingdownthescientificandtechnicalobjectivesofits
activities,definingtheirrespectivepriorities,settingoutthe
mainlinesoftheactivitiesenvisaged,estimatingthe
necessaryamountanddrawingupdetailedrulesforfinancial
participationbytheCommunityintheprogrammeasa
wholeandthebreakdownofthisamountbetweenthe
variousactivitiesenvisaged;whereas,nevertheless ,the
Commissionisundertakingautonomousactivitiesunderthe
TreatyofParisinthecoalandsteelsectorswhicharenot
financedbythegeneralbudgetoftheEuropeanCommunities
andcannotthereforebeincludedintheframework
programme ;
Whereason25July1983theCounciladoptedafirst
four-yearframeworkprogramme1984to1987tobe
reviewedduringthecourseofitsexecution;whereasa
five-yearperiodrunningfrom1987to1991appears,inthe
lightofexperience,moreappropriateforthesecond
frameworkprogramme ;
Whereastheamountdeemednecessaryforamultiannual
frameworkprogrammeisthesumoftheamountsdeemed
necessaryforthespecificprogrammestobedecidedon
duringthereferenceperiod;
Whereastherelationship betweentheframework
programmeandthespecificprogrammeleads,inpractice,to
atime-lagbetweenthereferenceperiodoftheframework
programmeandtheperiodduringwhichtheamountdeemed
necessarywillbecommittedinthebudget;
Whereas,owingtothistime-lag,thereisanamountof1084
millionECUtobecommittedinrespectofresearch
programmesalreadydecidedonorunderwayandwhich
cannotbeincludedintheamountdeemednecessaryforthe
frameworkprogramme1987to1991;
Whereas,forthesamereason,itmaybeexpectedthatpartof
theamountdeemednecessaryfortheframeworkprogramme
1987to1991,863millionECU,willhavetobecommittedin
thebudgetafterthereferenceperiodoftheframework
programme :
Whereasitprovednecessary,inthelightoftheevolutionof
scientificandtechnicalobjectivesandoftheaccessionoftwonewMemberStateson1January1987,torevisethecriteria
governingtheselectionofCommunityR&Dactivitiesasset
outintheCouncilresolutionof25July1983;
Whereastheframeworkprogrammemustbeimplemented
throughspecificprogrammesdevelopedwithineachlineof
activity,themethods,durationandfinancedeemed
necessarybeingopentoadecisionatthetimeofadoptionof
thoseprogrammes ;
Whereasitmaybeappropriatetoallowforsomeof
theseprogrammestotaketheformofsupplementary
programmes ;
Whereas,inthesamespirit,provisionshouldbemadeto
allowthespecificandsupplementary programmestoinclude
aCommunitycontributiontoresearchanddevelopment
programmesundertakenbyseveralMemberStates;
Whereasthedetailedrulesforimplementingtheframework
programmeprovidedforaboveshouldnotruleoutthe
possibilityofCommunitycooperationwiththirdcountries
orinternationalorganizations withaviewtopursuing
thescientificandtechnicalobjectivesestablishedbythe
frameworkprogramme ;
WhereasCOSTactivitiesandthoseoftheCommunity
shouldoperateinamutuallybeneficialway;whereasCOST
activitiescouldcontributetotheimplementation of
theframeworkprogrammeandpursueaspecificand
complementary rolebyencouragingscientificandtechnical
cooperationbetweentheCommunityandthemembersof
COSTbymeansofresearchprojectsofamultilateral
character;
Whereasitisappropriateforprojectscarriedoutinthe
contextofEurekaandspecificactivitiesundertakenwithin
theframeworkprogrammetooperateinacomplementary
mannerandtotheirmutualadvantage;whereasitmay
benecessaryintheimplementation oftheframework
programmetoprovideforanappropriateCommunity
participation incertainEurekaprojects;
Whereasitmaybeappropriatetoreviewcustomary
arrangements forlevelsofCommunitycontributions to
projectsandtoconsidertheuseofvaryinglevelsofsuch
contributions ,dependinginteraliaonthenatureofthe
participants ,thedegreeofprecompetitiveness oftheproject
andtheprogressoftheresearchontheonehand,andthe
availableresourcesontheother;whereas,ifflexibilityofthis
typeweretoprovenecessary,thespecificprogramme
decisionswouldsetouttheprovisionsgoverningthelevelof
Communitycontributioninamannerconsistentwiththe
optimalachievementofscientificandtechnicalobjectives;
Whereastheadoptionofafive-yearframeworkprogramme
doesnotinanywayprecludeamendmentsoradditionstothe

NoL302/3 24.10.87 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
programmeonthebasisofthecontinuallychangingscientific
andtechnologicalcontext;whereasitisappropriateand
desirablethattheCommission shouldcarryoutan
evaluationoftheexecutionoftheprogrammeandageneral
reviewfromthethirdyearofexecution;
WhereastheScientificandTechnicalResearchCommittee
(CREST)hasbeenconsulted,4.Thebreakdownoftheamountdeemednecessary
betweentheactivitieslistedinparagraph2issetoutin
AnnexI.
5.Themainlinesoftheactivitiesenvisagedandtheir
scientificandtechnicalobjectivesaresetoutinAnnexII.
"6.Theselectioncriteriatobeappliedinthe
implementation oftheprogrammearesetoutin
AnnexIII.
HASDECIDEDASFOLLOWS :
Article2
1.Theframeworkprogrammeshallbeimplemented
throughspecificprogrammesdevelopedwithineachofthe
activitiessetoutinArticle1(2).Itmayalsobeimplemented ,
whereappropriate,bysupplementary programmes .
Inimplementingtheframeworkprogramme,provisionmay
bemadeforCommunityparticipation inactivities
undertakenbyseveralMemberStatesandforCommunity
cooperation withthirdcountriesorinternational
organizations .
2.Eachspecificprogrammeshall:
—definethedetailedrulesforimplementing it,fixits
durationandprovideforthemeansdeemednecessary,
—stateitspreciseobjectivesandprovideforanevaluation
ofresultsachievedinrelationtotheseobjectives,
—beevaluatedinthelightofalltheselectioncriteriasetout
inAnnexIII,whichincludethatofcontributingtothe
strengtheningoftheeconomicandsocialcohesionofthe
Community ,
—definetherateorratesoftheCommunity'sfinancial
participation .
3.TheCouncilshalldefinethedetailedarrangements
forthedissemination ofknowledgeresultingfromthe
programme,inparticularinthecontextoftheadoptionof
specificprogrammes .Article1
1.TheframeworkprogrammeforCommunityactivities
inthefieldofresearchandtechnological development
(hereinafterreferredtoasthe'frameworkprogramme')shall
covertheperiod1987to1991.
2.Theframeworkprogrammeshallprovideforthe
followingactivities:
(1)Qualityoflife
(2)Towardsalargemarketandaninformationand
communications society
(3)Modernization ofindustrialsectors
(4)Exploitationandoptimumuseofbiologicalresources
(5)Energy
(6)Scienceandtechnologyfordevelopment
(7)Exploitation oftheseabedanduseofmarine
resources
(8)ImprovementofEuropeanS/Tcooperation .
3.Withoutprejudicetotheamountof1084
millionECUdeemednecessaryinrespectofresearch
programmesalreadydecidedonorunderway,thetotal
amountdeemednecessaryforCommunityparticipationin
theachievementofthescientificandtechnicalobjectivesset
outinAnnexII,andthereforethesumtobeallocatedto
specificprogrammestobedecidedonduringthatperiod,
shallbe5396millionECU,ofwhichnomorethan4533
millionECUaredeemednecessarytobecommittedforthe
executionofspecificprogrammesbeforetheendof1991.
Oftheabovementioned amountof5396millionECU,the
amountdeemednecessaryforspecificprogrammestobe
decidedonduring1987to1991shallprovisionally ,and
pendingtheCouncilDecisionreferredtointhethird
subparagraph ,befixedat4979millionECU.
TheCouncil,actingunanimously ,willsubsequentlydecide
ontheadditionoftheremainingamountof417millionECU
totheamountof4979millionECU.Article3
Thedetailedrulesforfinancialparticipation bythe
Communitiesintheframeworkprogrammeasawholeshall
bethoseprovidedforinArticle87oftheFinancial
RegulationapplicabletothegeneralbudgetoftheEuropean
Communities ,withoutprejudicetothechargingtothe

24.10.87 NoL302/4 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
budgetofanycontributions fromtheCommunities to
nationalormultinational activitiesorprojects.review,itshallmakeproposalsfortherevisionofthe
frameworkprogramme .
DoneatBrussels,28September1987.
FortheCouncil
ThePresident
B.HAARDERArticle4
Duringthethirdyearofexecutionoftheframework
programmetheCommissionshallassessitsprogress.Itshall
examine,inparticular,whethertheobjectives,priorities,
activitiesenvisagedandfinancialresourcesarestill
appropriatetothechangingsituation.Inthelightofthis

NoL302/5 24.10.87 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
ANNEXI
FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME OFCOMMUNITY ACTIVITIES INTHEFIELDOFRESEARCH
ANDTECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT (1987to1991)
Breakdownoftheamountdeemednecessarybetweenthevariousactivitiesenvisaged
(millionECU)
375
2275
845
280
1173
80
80
2881.Qualityoflife
1.1.Health
1.2.Radiationprotection
1.3.Environment
2.Towardsalargemarketandaninformationandcommunications society
2.1.Informationtechnologies
2.2.Telecommunications
2.3.Newservicesofcommoninterest(includingtransport)
3.Modernization ofindustrialsectors
3.1.Scienceandtechnologyformanufacturing industry
3.2.Scienceandtechnologyofadvancedmaterials
3.3.Rawmaterialsandrecycling
3.4.Technicalstandards,measurementmethodsandreferencematerials
4.Exploitationandoptimumuseofbiologicalresources
4.1.Biotechnology
4.2.Agro-industrial technologies
4.3.Competitiveness ofagricultureandmanagementofagriculturalresources
5.Energy
5.1.Fission:nuclearsafety
5.2.Controlledthermonuclear fusion
5.3.Non-nuclearenergiesandrationaluseofenergy
6.Scienceandtechnologyfordevelopment
7.Exploitationoftheseabedanduseofmarineresources
7.1.Marinescienceandtechnology
7.2.Fisheries
8.ImprovementofEuropeanS/Tcooperation
8.1.Stimulation ,enhancementanduseofhumanresources
8.2.Useofmajorinstallations
8.3.Forecastingandassessmentandotherback-upmeasures(includingstatistics)
8.4.Dissemination andutilizationofS/Tresearchresults80
34
261
1600
550
125
400
220
45
180
120
105
55
440
611
122
80
50
30
180
30
23
55
Total 5396

24.10.87 NoL302/6 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
ANNEXII
FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME 1987to1991
MAINLINESOFTHEACTIVITIES ENVISAGED
and
SCIENTIFICANDTECHNICAL OBJECTIVES
1.1.HEALTH immunitytechniques (applicabletocancer,auto-immunediseases,
infections),geneticengineeringprocessesaimingatrepairingDNA
defects(e.g.incongenitaldiseasesofgeneticorigin),and
developmentofdiagnostictestkits(e.g.forAIDS).
A.PURPOSE
TocontributetoaEuropeanconceptofthequalityoflifeinthose
aspectswhicharemostclearlyperceptibletoeachindividual :his
healthandalltheresourcesavailabletomaintainitatanoptimal
levelinallMemberStates.E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Therelationshiptootheractions(Eureka)andwithinternational
organizations (CouncilofEurope,EuropeanOfficeofWHO,ESF)
willbemaintainedandstrengthened inallcaseswheremutual
benefitcanbeexpected.
OngoingcollaborationwithEuropeannon-memberStatesaswellas
withtheUSAandCanadawillbemaintained .B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
ToimprovetheefficacityofeffortsmadebytheMemberStatesin
overcomingcertaincategoriesofimportantdiseases.Toimprovethe
useoftechnologicaltoolsandoperationalresources;toachievethe
knowledgeneededtodetectatendencytocertaindiseasesasearlyas
possibleinordertopreventtheirincidence.F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Itisintendedthatthecoordinationofmedicalandpublichealth
researchshouldattaintheculminationofitsgraduallyprogressive
expansionin1989,anditmightalsoreachthelimitsofits
managerialcapacity,whereaspredictivemedicinehasstillto
undergoapreparatoryandevolutionphase.C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Healthresearchisinitselfofaverydiversenature.Implementation
methodstocoordinateexistingactivitieswillbywayofconcerted
actionwithsomereinforcements oftheso-calledcentralizedfacilities
whereaselectedinstitutionisprovidingauniqueservicetoallother
institutionsparticipating inadefinedproject.Initiationofnew
activitiesrelatingtothedevelopmentofpredictivemedicineand
noveltherapywillessentiallybebywayofshared-costactions.
Specifictrainingactionsinthefieldofcancerresearchwillalsobe
required.(ECSCactionsinoccupationalmedicineareorientedtowardshealth
problemsandoccupationaldiseasesassociatedwiththespecific
environments ofsteelworks,cokingplants,andcoalandiron
mines.)
1.2.RADIATION PROTECTION
A.PURPOSE
Togainadequatescientificandtechnicalunderstanding andcontrol
ofradiationrisks.D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Thecoordinationofmedicalandpublichealthresearchwillbe
orientedonaprioritybasistowardsthemostimportanthealth
problemscommontoallMemberStates.Itwillincludethenew
targets'Cancer'and'AIDS'andwillprovideforthecontinuationof
actionsreferringtobothage-relatedhealthproblems(incuding
disabilities)andtoenvironment -andlife-style-related health
problems.Moreover,itwillcontinuetheactionsonimprovement
andefficientuseofhealthresources,encompassing medical
technologyR&Dandhealthservicesresearch(researchonhealth
careorganizationanddelivery).
Thedevelopmentofpredictivemedicineandnoveltherapywill
mainlybeorientedtowardsbetterknowledgeofthehumangenoma,B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Toprovidedataandmethodsneededforthepreventionand
counteraction ofharmfuleffectsofionizingradiationand
radioactivity ,andtoassesstheconsequencesofradiationaccidents.
Particularattentionwillbepaidtotheevaluationofrecentaccidents
andincidents,andtothelessonswhichcanbelearnedfrom
them.

NoL302/7 24.10.87 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Asalogicalcontinuationofprogrammesexecutedsince1959,the
activitieswillbeimplementedessentiallybyshared-costactions,
withacertaincontribution intheformofdirectaction.envisagedthattheJRCwillcontributeinparticulartothe
elaborationandstandardization ofmeasurement andanalysis
techniques.Shared-costactionswillensureacoordinatedapproach
tothesolutionofcommonproblemsandvariouswelldefined
concertedactionswillexploitnationalresearchprogrammesona
Europeanlevel.
D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
R&TDwillconcentrateonefficientandcost-effective measuresto
controlradiationrisks(ofnatural,medicalorindustrialorigin),on
researchinsupportofthe'basicsafetystandards'andtheir
implementation andontheradiologicalconsequences and
preparedness forpossibleaccidents.Inter-comparisons of
measurementmethodswillbeperformedwithintheCommunity .
E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Contactwillbemaintainedwithinternational bodiessuchasthe
IAEA(InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency),ICRP(International
CommissiononRadiologicalProtection),ICRU(International
CommissiononRadiationUnitsandMeasurement )UNSCEAR
(UnitedNationsScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomic
Radiation).
F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Atemporaryincreasedeffortisenvisagedtoevaluatethe
consequencesofrecenteventsandtoincreasepreparednessfor
futurepossibleaccidents.D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Researchintheareaofenvironmental protectionwilldealwith
detection,measurement ,analysisandmonitoringtechniques
(includingremotesensing),effectsofpollutiononhealthand
ecosystems,assessmentofchemicals,effectsofhumanactivitieson
environmental quality,studyofbasicprinciplesofenvironmental
processesandthefunctioningofecosystems,wastemanagement ,
developmentoftechnologiesforthereductionandpreventionof
pollutionandrestorationofdamagedenvironments .Remotesensing
fromspaceisunderrapiddevelopmentandapplicationsfor
environmental protectionwillreceiveincreasedattention.
Researchontheculturalheritagewillfocusontheinvestigationof
themechanismsofdeterioration ,onestablishingmethodsfor
damageassessmentandprevention,reductionoreliminationofthe
man-madecontributionstodecayandaninvestigationofmethods
fortherestorationofirreplaceableculturalobjects.
Researchonclimatologyandnaturalhazardswillfocusoneffortsto
understandthemechanismswhichgovernthephenomena
concerned,e.g.bydevelopingpowerfulmodelscapableof
forecastingsuchphenomenaintemporalandspatialscalesusefulfor
planningandprevention,byrefiningourabilitytoassessimpacts
uponspecifiedsegmentsofEuropeanCommunitygeography,
societyandeconomy,andbyestablishingasoundscientificbasisfor
anypreventiveorcorrectivemeasure.
Researchonmajortechnologicalhazardswillbeorientedtowards
understanding ,preventingandmitigatingtheconsequencesoflarge
chemical/petrochemical accidents.
Workonfiresafetyinbuildingsofalltypeswillbedirectedtowards
riskanalysis,firedevelopmentandgrowth,anddamagemitigation
measures .
Researchonremote-handling technologywillbeappliedto
environmentsincompatiblewithordangeroustoman,suchasplaces
contaminated byradioactiveorbiologicallyactivematerialor
subjecttoextremesofpressureand/ortemperature .
Researchonreductionofrisksinprivatelifewillemphasize
protectionofconsumersagainstdangerousproducts,accidentsdue
tointroductionofnewtechnologiesandnewtypesofdomestic
equipment,specialproductsfortheelderly,thedisabled,children,
etc.1.3.ENVIRONMENT
A.PURPOSE
Togeneratesuchscientificknowledgeinthefieldsofenvironmental
protection,climatologyandsafety,asisnecessaryforthe
implementation oftheCommunityenvironmentpolicyandofthe
Communityconsumerprotectionpolicy,andfortheirfurther
development ;tocontributealsotootherrelevantCommunity
policies(energy,agriculture,industry,aidtodeveloping
countries).
B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Tomeettheimmediateresearchrequirements ,inparticularthoseof
theproposalFourthEnvironmentActionProgrammeandofthe
currentactionsintheconsumerprotectionpolicy,eachofwhichwill
havealsoasignificantimpactanotherpolicies;andtoincrease
understanding oflong-termproblemssuchaspossibleclimate
variations .
C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Asalogicalcontinuationofasequenceofprogrammesexecuted
since1972,theactivitieswillbeimplementedbymeansofin-house
research(JRC),shared-costactionsandconcertedactions.ItisE.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Asinthepast,suitablepartsoftheactivitywillbeintegratedinthe
COSTframework .Whereappropriate,coordinationwithEureka

24.10.87 NoL302/8 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
projectswillbeestablished .Wherefeasible,Communityactivitywill
becarriedoutasinthepastinclosecollaborationwithother
international activities,suchasUNEPprogrammes onthe
Mediterranean Sea,theIPCS(International Programmeon
ChemicalSafety),theWorldClimateProgrammeortheWMO
GlobalOzoneProject.
F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Mostareasarecoveredbyon-goingactivitieswhicharecontinuously
adaptedtonewneedsanddevelopments .
Firesafety,remote-handling technologyandrisksinprivatelifeare
newactivitiestobeexploredwithaviewtodefiningtheneedsfor
CommunityR&TD.Aphasedbuild-upinthelevelofactivitieswill
beconsideredinthelightoftheidentifiedneeds.1.Microelectronics andperipheraltechnologies
Workinthissectorwillhavetobeaddressedprimarilyto
improvingthecompetitiveness oftheCommunity
microelectronics industrialsectorsoastoenableitto
providetheITindustrywithfullsystemcapabilitythrough
accesstouptodatefunctionalcomponentsandsubsystems
basedinparticularonstateoftheartsemiconductor
technology .Tothisendandinsupportofthedevelopment
ofapplicationsystems,itwillencompasstheprovisionof
thetechnologicalcapabilitytodesign,manufactureandtest
applicationspecificintegratedcircuits(ASIC)ina'system
onachip'concept.Suchcircuitswillrangefrom
high-complexity randomlogic,includingseveralmillion
elementarydevices,toveryhigh-speedlower-complexity
circuitscapableofoperatingatupto5GHz.
TheR&Dactivitiestobepursuedinclude:
—high-densityintegratedcircuits,
—high-speedintegratedcircuits,
—multifunctionintegratedcircuits,
—peripheraltechnologies ,includingmagneto-optic and
opticalmassstorageandretrievalsystems,non-impact
printers,displays,devicesincorporating logicelements
inconjunction withsensors,transducersand
actuators .(ECSCworkonoccupationalsafetyisorientedtowardsproblemsof
ergonomics ,safetyandhygieneinthespecificenvironmentof
steelworks,cokingplantsandcoalandironmines.)
2.1.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
A.PURPOSE
Thepurposeofthisactionistocreateanddevelopthenecessary
synergiesintheITsectorthroughcooperativeprecompetitive
researchanddevelopmentprojectsandrelatedactions.
B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Theobjectivesoftheactivityare:
—tocontributetoprovidingtheEuropeanITindustrywiththe
basictechnologiestomeetthecompetitiverequirementsofthe
1990s,
—topromoteEuropeanindustrialcooperationinprecompetitive
R&DinIT,
—tocontributetothedevelopmentofinternationalstandards.2.Informationprocessingsystems
Themainobjectiveofthisareaistobringtogethertoolsand
technologiesfromthehardwareandsoftwaredomains,in
ordertoenablethedesignanddevelopmentofthe
informationprocessingsystemsofthe1990s.Particular
attentionwillbepaidtonewapproachestosystemsdesign
whichwillenablehighqualitycomplexsystemstobe
developedefficiently.Todevelopthemethodsandtools
needed,itisimperativethatallaspectsofthesystem(e.g.
architecture ,interfaces)areconsideredwhileatthesame
timenewtechnologies likeknowledgeengineeringare
integrated .
Asaconsequence ,workinthissectorwillprovidethe
capabilityofproducingsystems(ofsimilarcomplexityto
thoseproducednow)withasignificantincreaseindesigner
productivity .Forexample,themethodsandtools
developedwillprovidethemechanismbywhichthe
developmentcostsofselectedsystemcomponents (e.g.
microprocessors ,real-timesoftwaremodules)willbe
reducedto10%ofthecurrentdevelopmentcosts.
ThemainR8cDactivitiestobepursuedfallintofour
complementary sub-areas:
—systemsdesign,
—knowledgeengineering,
—advancedsystemsarchitectures ,C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
TheactivityconsistsofprecompetitiveR&Dprojects,carriedout
bythecollaborativeeffortofCommunityundertakings ,onashared
costbasis,andactionsinbasicresearchincludingconcertedactions
andaccompanying measures.
D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
(a)Researchanddevelopmentprojects—signalprocessing .
3.ITapplicationtechnologies
ThemainobjectiveofthissectoristoenhanceEuropean
capabilitiesintheintegrationofITintosystemsabletobeResearchanddevelopmentprojectswillbecarriedoutinthe
followingthreesectors:

24.10.87 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesNoL302/9
updatedworkprogrammeleadingtopubliccallsforproposals,and
buildingonprojectscurrentlybeingundertakenintheseareas.
Assessmentofconcretetechnologyresultsandanattempttomeasure
theimpactandindustrialapplicationofindividualprojectswill
beconductedbymeansofreportsfromindependenttechnical
evaluators,whowillassistinmonitoringtheprogressonaregular
basis.
2.2.TELECOMMUNICATIONSusedinabroadrangeofapplicationsandtovalidatethe
resultsinselected,realisticenvironments .
TheR&DactivitiestobepursuedinITapplication
technologiesfallintothreecomplementary sub-areas:
—computerintegratedmanufacturing ,includingdesign
andanalysissystemsforflexibleproductdevelopment ,
logisticalandphysicalcontroloffactorymanagement ,
roboticssystems,integrationofmaterialhandling
systems,computerintegratedcontrolinprocess
industriesandarchitecture andmethodsfor
integration,
—integrated information systems,including
user-environment analysisandsupport,system
engineering,genericcommunication technologies ,
integratedofficesystems,distributedsystemsanddata
collectionandmonitoringsystemsinnon-factory
environments (e.g.home,laboratory),
—ITapplicationsupportsystems,addressingthe
integrationofbasicITcomponentsintosubsystems,
includingwork-stations ,storageandprocessing
subsystems,localnetworksystemsanduser-interfacing
subsystems.
Throughoutthethreeabovementioned sectors,alimited
numberoftechnologyintegrationprojectsofstrategic
importancetoEuropeanindustrywillbeundertaken .
(b)Actionsinbasicresearch
Theenvisagedactionsinbasicresearchaimatprovidinga
Communitydimensiontoresearchworkinselectedareasof
longlead-time.Theactionsshall,inparticular,encourage
highlyqualifiedresearchinstitutesinITtobecome
international intheirorientation .
Theworkareasinclude:
—molecularelectronics,A.PURPOSE
Cooperationofnetworkoperatorsandindustryinadvanced
telecommunications technologiesattheprecompetitive and
prenormative level.
B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Themainactioninthisfieldistomakeamajorcontributionto
theobjectiveofthe'Introductionofintegratedbroadband
communication (IBC)takingintoaccounttheevolvingISDNand
nationalintroductionstrategies,progressingtoCommunity-wide
servicesby1995'.
Thethrustofthisactionistowardsestablishingontheworld
marketastrong,orevenleading,positionoftheCommunity
telecommunication manufacturing ,operatingandserviceindustries
inintegratedandbroadbandcommunications (IBC)0)onthebasis
oftheaccelerateddevelopmentofastrongandcompetitive
Communitymarketfortelecommunications equipmentand
services.,
—artificialintelligenceandcognitivescience,
C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Thisactivityconsistsofprecompetitive andprenormativeR&D
carriedoutonashared-costbasis.—applicationsofsolidstatephysicstoIT,
—systemdesign.
(c)Accompanying measures
Themainobjectiveoftheaccompanying measuresistoprovide
theframeworknecessarytomakeoptimumuseoftheR&D
activitiesundertakenintheESPRITprogrammeandrelated
activities .D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Summaryofareas
E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOLLABORATIVE
ACTIONS
Accompanying measuresincludethecoordination between
Community ,MemberStatesandinternationalactionsinorrelevant
toinformationtechnology .—PartI:IBCdevelopmentandimplementation strategies
1.IBCreferencemodel(continuationofRDPwork)
2.Systemanalysesandfunctionalspecification
3.Implementation andplanningsupport
—PartII:IBCtechnologies
1.EnablingandsupportingIBCtechnologies
2.Communication softwaretechnologies
3.BasictechnologiesforIBCUsers
4.Subsystemsandtechniques F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
TheprojectsarisingfromtheR&Dtopicswillbestarting
progressivelyovertheperiodoftheactivity,basedonanannually(')Integratedbroadbandcommunication referstotheuseofadvanced
technologytotransmitvoice,dataandimagesathighspeedandatlow
cost.

NoL302/10 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 24.10.87
—PartIII:prenormativefunctionalintegration 1.betterequipmentandsystemsforopenanddistance
learningsothatEurope'slabourforceatthevariouslevels
cankeepabreastofrapidlychangingknowledgeinallfields
ofeconomicactivity.Theaimofthisactioninconcertation
withothermeasuresistoincreasethepossibilitiesofaccess
tofurthereducationandtraining;1.Customerfacilities
2.Useraccess
3.Networkfunctions
2.enhancedroadsecurityandmanagement ,withareduction
ofaccidents,includingdeathsontheroad,andofthe
resourceswastedthereby,includingresourceswasted
throughinadequaterouteandtrafficinformation .A
particularaimoftheactioninthisfieldistoachievea
substantialreductionofroaddeathsandanincreaseinroad
transportefficiency;E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Indrawinguptheproposalforthisaction,specialattentionhasbeen
paidtotherelationshipwithCommunityactionsinthefieldof
informationtechnologies ,soastomakebestpossibleuseofthe
genericworkdonethereforIBC.Thoughnotdirectlyrelatedtothe
commerciallyorientedworkintheframeworkofEureka,closelinks
tothetelecommunication relatedprojectswillbeestablished .
3.morecompetitivedeploymentbyEuropeinthemedicaland
biotechnological fieldsofthemanynewtechniques
availabletosupportmedicaldiagnosis,healthcare,
treatment,medicalrecordsandtheiranalysis,andthe
investigationofbiologicalstructuresatmolecularlevel.The
aimofthisaction,togetherwithothermeasures,is'to
increasetheproductivepartofmedicalcare(thatpartofthe
expenditurebenefitingthepatientasopposedto
administrative overheads).F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Theactionisconceivedasanevolutionary strategy
distinguishing :
—Definitionphase(1985to1986)toexecuteinitialworkas
requiredtofocustheR&Dworkofthemainprogramme
accuratelytowardsfuturefunctionalrequirements ofthe
network,terminalareaandfutureapplications .Italsoincludes
theassessmentofthetechnologyoptionsofkeyitems;
—Mainaction(1987to1992)havingtheobjectives :
-ofdevelopingthetechnologybaseforIBC,
-ofcarryingouttheprecompetitive developmentnecessaryfor
theprovisionoftrialequipmentandservicesforIBC
demonstration ,
-ofsupportingtheworkofCEPTandCCITTinthe
formulationofcommonproposalsforspecificationsand
standards .(b)ToinitiateCommunityresearchactivitiesaddressingproblems
ofeconomicefficiency,safetyandenvironmental acceptability
oftransport,particularlyinthefieldsoftrack-guidedtransport,
roadtraffic,maritimetransportandairtransport.
ToestablishtheextentofneedforEuropeancooperative
researchinthefieldofaeronauticaltechnology,leadingtoa
commonEuropeanaeronauticaltechnologyrequirementsplan
forprecompetitive research.Subsequentlyresearchwouldbe
initiatedonkeyelementsoftheplan.
2.3.NEWSERVICESOFCOMMONINTEREST (INCLUDING
TRANSPORT ) C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
A.PURPOSE
(a)Integrationoftelecommunications withinformation
technologyandbroadcastingfornewapplicationsmeeting
commonneeds(inparticularopenlearning,roadtransportand
managementofhealthcare).Inaddition,thecreationofan
inventoryofotherpossibleareasofapplication .
(b)Toenhancetheeffectiveness ,economyandsafetyofthe
transportsystems.(a)TheactivitiesrelatedtotheintegrationofITandbroadcasting
would,-essentially,involveindustry,academia,publishers,
audio-visualindustries,networkandbroadcastingoperators
andthenationalauthoritiesconcernedwitheachfield.All
activitywouldbeattheprecompetitive andprenormativestage.
Theparticipation inthefinancingoftheseeffortswould
concentrateonaspectswherepublicinterestsorresponsibility
prevail.ThecostwouldbesharedbetweentheCommunity ,
industry,andnationalbudgetswhereappropriate .Preliminary
stageswouldincludestudiesoffeasibility,evaluationof
technicaloptionsandthedevelopment offunctional
specifications ,withpossibleimplicationsforexistingor
prospectivestandards.
B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
(a)Topromotetheutilizationofprospectiveadvancesin
informationtechnologyandtelecommunications ,inorderto
secure:(b)Thenewactivityinthefieldoftransportwillbeimplementedby
meansofconcertedactiontofostersynergiesbetweennational
efforts.Cost-sharedactionswillalsobenecessarytoinitiale

NoL302/11 24.10.87 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
commonresearchinareaswhereMemberStates'effortsare
insufficientormustbecomplemented .SomeoftheCOST
actionsinthefieldoftransportwillbeincludedinthe
Communityprogramme .—maritimetransportandshipbuilding :reductionof
operatingcostsbyresearchonautomationand
rationalization ofon-boardfunctionsandonpreventive
maintenance ,trafficmanagement ,
—airtransport:improvementofadvancedtechniquesfor
trafficmanagementandcontrolwithaviewtopromoting
Europeanharmonization .
Inthefieldofaeronauticaltechnology,theactivitywill
concentrateonspecificprojects-stilltobeselected.Emphasis
wouldbeonprenormativeresearchrelevanttoaeronautical
equipmentandoperations .D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
(a)FortheactivitiesrelatedtotheintegrationofITand
broadcasting :
Thelearningsystemrelatedworkiscomplementary to
COMETT,whichseekstohelpthedesignandapplicationof
schemesoffurthertrainingandeducationintechnology,aswell
astopromoteexchangesofacademicandindustrialpersonnel,
andtocreateanetworkofassociationsbetweenacademiaand
industry.Thisactionwouldbuildonsomeofthebasicand
enablingtechnologiesarisingfromCommunityactionsin
informationtechnologyandtelecommunications .Oneofthe
Eurekaproposalsconcernslearningworkstations;the
companiesconcernedaretakingpartintheinitialworkforthis
action.
Theroadsafetyandmanagementinitiativehasestablisheda
closerelationshipandworksharingagreementwiththeEureka
projectPrometheus ,whichseekstobringthecarmanufacturers
togethertodeviseimprovements toroadsafety.(a)oftheactivitiesrelatedtotheintegrationofITandbroadcasting
fornewapplicationsmeetingcommonneeds
1.Theworkwillconcentrateonprenormative efforts.A
learningsystemreferencemodelwouldbethebasisforthe
workonlearningtechnologyandfortheconcertationof
requirements .Researchanddevelopment would
concentrate on:thelearnerenvironment ;the
authoring/tutoringenvironment ,includingspecialized
authoringlanguages;learningprogrammeproduction;
communications ;testingandvalidation.
Theactionwouldtraversethreetimehorizons:thefirst
deployingthetechnologyavailablenoworimmediatelyin
prospect,includingtheuseofthecompactdiscforlocal
storageandtheinteractivityofvideodiscs;thesecond
takingintheintegratedservicesdigitalnetworkleadingon
tovideotransmission viawideband,morepowerful
personalcomputerswithenhancedimageprocessingand
memoryaddressingcapability,programmediffusionvia
directbroadcasting bysatellite,andincreasingly
incorporating artificialintelligence,bothforlearning
programmesandfortheconstructionandaccessingof
learnerknowledgebases.
2.Thekeyprenormative technologicalrequirements sofar
identifiedfordevelopmentorforintegrationintotraffic
safetyandmanagementsystemsinclude:humanfactor
engineering,dashboarddisplay,standarddigitalmapsand
networkrepresentation ,vehiclelocation,RDS(roaddata
service)broadcasting ,cellularradio,infra-red
transmission ,standardsfortrafficmessagecontent.
3.Inthefieldofmedical-andbio-informatics ,themainareas
ofprenormativeworkon:biomedicalinstrumentation ,
imageprocessing,signalprocessing,laboratoryequipment
andpatientmonitoring,biomedicalcommunications
systems,fastlocalareanetworksfordatahandling,'bus'
standardsforconnectionofinstrumentation ,standardsfor
accesstolargedatabanks,advancedinformation
processing,includingparallelprocessing,andtheuseof
artificialintelligence .(b)Fortheactivitiesrelatedtotransport:
Theworkwillbecloselycoordinatedwithnationaland
companyprogrammesandcomplementary activities,suchas
EurekaandGARTEUR .
Whereappropriate,collaborationwithESAwillbedeveloped.
F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Theactionsarephasedasfollows:
(a)FortheactivitiesrelatedtotheintegrationofITand
broadcasting
Theexploratoryphasefortheseactionswillbeconcluded
beforetheendof1986..Duringthisphase,mainactors
throughoutEuropehaveidentifiedthescopeandscaleof
precompetitive andprenormativeworkbestundertakenona
Europeanlevelandprimarilyinthepublicinterestorfalling
withinpublicresponsibility .(b)oftheactivitiesrelatedtotransport
Ageneralresearchactionwillbeconcernedessentiallywiththe
followingtopics:
—track-guidedtransport:automationoftrafficmonitoring
andadvancedsignallingequipment,
—roadtraffic:safetyandergonomyofheavygoodsvehicles,
managementandcontrolofurbantraffic,

24.10.87 NoL302/12 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Thisactivitywillbeimplementedprimarilybymeansofshared-cost
actions;whereappropriate,concertedactionswillbeused.Apilotphasecouldbelaunchedin1987withtheobjectiveof
engagingintheconceptualandpreparatoryworkrequiredfor
optimalcollaborationintheimplementation oftheaction.
Themainaction,includingthoseactivitiesofallthreeparts
whichareretainedandtobeimplemented ,couldbelaunchedin
1988afterthecompletionofthepilotphase.
In-depthreviewswilloccuraftertheexploratoryphaseand
beforethepilotphaseisproposed,duringthepilotphaseinthe
preparationofthemainactionandinyearlyintervalsinthe
definitionandapprovaloftheworkplan.
Duringtheimplementation ofthemainaction,theworkplain
willbereviewedeachyear.
(b)Fortheactivitiesrelatedtotransport:
Workonthisactivitywillbebuiltupbyacarefullymanaged
sequenceofrequirementanalysisandplanning,followedbya
phasedbuild-upinthelevelofactivity.Substantialworkis
likelytoextendovera10-yearperiod.D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Withintheglobalcontextofnewproductiontechnologiesandthe
applicationofnewmaterials,avarietyofmultisectoralfieldswillbe
considered,including:
—thereliabilityofengineeringmaterials,componentsand
systems,
—advanceddesignandmanufacturing techniques,laser
technology,joiningtechniques,applicationofnewtechnologies
inmanufacturing processeswithspecialproblems (e.g.
productionprocessesinvolvingtheuseofflexiblematerials),
non-destructive testing,onlinetestingandcomputer-aided
testing,
—membranescienceandtechnology,catalysisandparticle
technology .
E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
AppropriatecollaborationwillbedevelopedwithEurekaandCOST
projects.3.1.SCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY FORMANUFACTURING
INDUSTRY
F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Thisactivitywillbeamplifiedinthe1987to1991periodto
strengthenthedevelopingtrendtowardstransfrontierindustrial
cooperationinawiderangeofmultisectorial technologiesof
strategicimportance .A.PURPOSE
Researchinadvancedtechnologies isanessentialelementforthe
competitiveness ofmanufacturing industry.TheCommunitycan
assistinacceleratingthisprocessbystimulatingcooperationin
researchattheprecompetitive stageacrossthefrontiers,between
differentindustrysectorsandbetweenindustryresearchinstitutes
andacademicinstitutions . (ECSCactionsinsteelresearchareorientedtowardsthe
improvementofproductionprocesses,steelproperties,fabrication
proceduresandproductquality.)
3.2.SCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY OFADVANCED
MATERIALSB.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Onthebasisofexperienceobtainedandincontinuingclose
consultationwithindustry,theprogrammeswillbefurtherfocused
onthestrategicneedsofindustry.
Thecontentoftheprogrammeswillinparticularreflectthe
technologicalneedsofSMEs.OthermethodsofincludingSMEs
moreintheprocessoftechnologicalrenewalwillbedeveloped,such
asdemonstration projectsandthepossibilityofgivingaEuropean
dimensiontocooperativeandcollectiveindustrialresearch
schemes.
Theindustrialrelevanceoftheprojectswillbeensuredbyrequiring
industrialpartnersinallprojectsandasubstantialcommitmentof
industry'sownresourcestotheprojects.
Projectsofamultisectoralnaturewillbeencouragedinvolvinga
combinationof'users'and'suppliers'.
Particularemphasiswillbelaidonthefullinvolvementofindustryin
theformulationofdetailedprogrammerequirementsandpriorities
andontheguaranteeofanindependentandobjectiveevaluationof
allproposals.Theseelementsareparticularlyimportantifthe
participationofSMEsistobemaximized .A.PURPOSE
Tocontributetothecompetitiveness oftraditionalandnew
industrialsectorsindevelopinghigh-qualityadvancedmaterials,as
wellastocontributetoimprovedprocessingtechniquesfor
manufacturing them.
Anotherpurposeistoincreasethelevelofcooperationbeween
nationallaboratoriesofdifferentMemberStatesand,inparticular,
tooffertheopportunitytolaboratoriesfromthesmallerMember
Statestoparticipateactivelyinabroadermaterialscienceand
technologyprogramme .Furthermore ,thisprogrammewillbe
widelyopentoSMEparticipation .
B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Theprimeobjectiveistoensurethatthemanufacturing industriesof
theCommunityhaveabetteraccesstoawiderangeofadvanced

24.10.87 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL302/13
materialsandthatthesematerialsareproducedbycost-effective
meansandincorporatedinhigh-performance components .The
initialthrustisonengineeringceramics,advancedcomposites,light
alloysandmagneticmaterials.Researchonotheradvanced
materialswillbeconsideredinasecondphase.B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Toensurethatthesectorsofindustryinvolvedintheexploitationof
rawmaterials(mining,metallurgy,wood-usingindustries)have
accesstocost-effectivemeansofproduction .Toimprovethe
self-supplypotentialinrawmaterials,suchaswood,andtoincrease
therateofrecyling.
C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Thelargestpartofactivitieswillbecarriedoutbymeansof
shared-costcontracts.Partofthefundingwillbedevoted,however,
tocoordination activities.C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Theprogrammewillbecarriedoutinthreedifferentways:
—thelargestpartofactivitieswillbedevotedtoshared-cost
action,
—asmallpartofthefundingwillbespentforcoordinatedactivities
(COSTactions,materialsnetworks),
—apartofthisactionwillbecarriedoutbydirectaction.
Asubstantialshareoftheprogrammewillbedirectedtowards
orientedbasicresearch.Cooperationbetweenuniversitiesand
industrieswillbethegeneralwayofimplementation .D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Primaryrawmaterials:researchtofocusonproblemsofcommon
interestinexploration (preparingconceptsandmethodsinviewofa
futurerevivalofexplorationactivities),miningtechnology
(improvingtheeconomicviabilityofexistingminesanddeveloping
advancedtechnologiesforfuturemines)andoreprocessing(treating
complex,leanandrefractoryoresandoreswhichcontainmetalsfor
advancedmaterialstechnology).
Recycling:urban,industrialandagriculturalwasteareincluded.
Emphasisisoncost-effectiverecyclingtechniques .Apointofspecific
interest'willbetherecoveryofspecialalloysandcompositeswhich
willfindincreasingusesinadvancedtechnologies .
Forestryandwoodproducts:coveringthewhole'woodchain'
.(includingcork)fromseedproductiontofinalusesofwoodand
otherforestryproducts,includingaspectssuchasgenetic
improvement ,treephysiology,protectionagainstpestsand
pollution(inlinewiththeproposedforestryactionprogramme),
improvementofprocessingandutilizationofwoodproducts.D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Issuesofhighestrelevanceare:thecreation,developmentanduseof
newmaterialsandtheupgradingformoreconventionalmaterialsto
ahigherlevelofsophistication .Furthermore ,optimizationof
processesinordertoproducethesenewmaterialsinamore
competitiveway.Fieldsofinterestareasfollows:engineering
ceramics;polymersandcompositematerials;advancedmetalalloys;
magneticmaterials;coatingmaterialsandsurfaceprocessing;
electronicmaterials;amorphousanddisorderedmaterials;building
materials;bioengineering materials;microgravity engineering
materials .
E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Appropriatecoordinationisorwillbeestablishedwithinternational
initiativesinmaterialsresearch,suchastherelevantCOSTactions,
theVAMAS(Versaillesprojectonadvancedmaterialsand
standards)activitiesandspecificEurekaprojects.E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
SeveralEFTAcountriesareassociatedtotherelevantprogrammes
orsubprogrammes .Furthermore ,acoordinationwithrelevant
Eurekaprojectswillbeundertaken .
F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Duetoitsnature(orientedbasicresearchinavitalsectorfora
moderneconomy),thisactivityshouldincreasesubstantiallyduring
theperiodoftheframeworkprogramme .F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Theoveralllevelofactivitieswillremainsteady.
3.4.TECHNICAL STANDARDS ,MEASUREMENT METHODS
ANDREFERENCE MATERIALS 3.3.RAWMATERIALS ANDRECYCLING
A.PURPOSE
Tocontributetothecompetitiveness oftraditionalandnew
industrialsectorsoftheCommunity ,bysatisfyingtheirrequirements
inrawmaterials,bothrenewable (wood)andnon-renewable .A.PURPOSE
UniformstandardsapplicablethroughouttheCommunityareakey
factorforindustrialcompetitiveness .However,thenecessary
scientificandtechnologicalbasisforthepreparationandapplication

24.10.87 NoL302/14 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
ofsuchstandardsisoftenmissing.Thereis,therefore,astrongneed
forgeneratingthedatawherevernecessary,ataskwhichistypically
ofCommunityresponsibility i1).F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Thegrowingdemandforstandardization intheCommunitywill
demandincreasinglyscientificandtechnological assistanceat
Communitylevel.ThisCommunityactivitywill,therefore,be
moderatelystrengthenedinthe1987to1991period.
4.1.BIOTECHNOLOGYB.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Thesatisfactionoftheneedforfurtherharmonization and
standardization isoneofthemajorobjectivesofanumberof
Communitypolicies:thecompletionoftheinternalmarket,energy,
consumerprotection,agriculture,environmentandhealth.
Inadditiontothisneedforharmonization ,therewillbean
increasingneedtodemonstratethequalityofproductsandtoprove
theconformitywitheitherwrittenstandardsorregulations .This
requirestesting,measurements andanalysesanditisessentialto
avoiddisagreementsbetweentestinglaboratories .Further,therewill
beanincreasingneedforresearchinparticularprenormativeand
databasestopromoteandfacilitatetheestablishment offuture
writtenstandards .A.PURPOSE
Tomasterthepropertiesoflivingcellsandtosecuretheir
exploitation ,intheinterestsofconsumers,bybothindustryand
agriculture .
C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Thisactivitywillbeimplementedprimarilybymeansofdirect
action.Shared-costactionwillalsobeusedtoaconsiderableextent,
andconcertedactionwillbeusedtoalimitedextentwhere
appropriate .Thechoiceofaparticularmeanswilldependonthe
natureoftheproject(e.g.prestandardization research,round
robins,etc.)andthescientificandtechnicalcapabilitiesavailablein
variouslaboratories .B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Itisnecessarytoreinforcethecompetitiveness ofindustryand
agricultureinmanyareasofactivityrelatingtotheimprovement ,
diversification ortransformation ofbiologicalsubstancesand
products.Tothiseffectthereisaneedtocontinuecurrentefforts
towardstheunderstanding andexploitationofmolecularand
cellularstructuresandmechanisms inorganismswhichare
importantformanandforhisenvironment .Themainobjective,in
thisareaofbasicbiotechnology ,istopromotetheproductionof
substanceswithhighaddedvalueandthecreationofmicrobial,
plantoranimalstrainswhichexpresscharactersdesiredby
EuropeanindustryandbyEuropeanagriculture.
C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Communityactivitieswillbeimplementedbymeansofshared-cost
researchcontractsandtrainingcontractswithresearchinstitutions,
universitiesandindustries .D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Therearethreemainlines:
—promotionofcooperationbetweennationallaboratoriesto
improvemeasurementmethods(appliedmetrologyandchemical
analyses)andestablishment ofsuitablemeansofverification
(referencematerials),recognizedatCommunitylevel,ina
varietyoffields,includingenvironment ,health,foodstuffand
industrialproducts,
—improvement ofnuclearmeasurement (neutron-induced
reactions,radionucleardecay,neutronfluxanddoses,etc.)and
provisionofnuclearreferencematerialsforfissionandfusion,
—prestandardization researchinstructuralreliabilityand
materials.Theemphasiswillbeonreliabilitymethodologies and
modelsofbehaviourofadvancedmaterialsandindustrial
structureswiththeviewtoimprovingcodesofpractice.D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
—Establishment ofCommunityR&Dnetworksspecifically
designedforcontributingatransnationaldimensiontonational
effortsandforfacilitatingtechnologytransfertowardsindustry
andagricultureineachofthefollowingareas:
—improvementofR&Dinfrastructures (bio-informatics and
collections),
—basicbiotechnology fortheremovalofscientificand
technicalbottleneckstotheexploitationinagriculture,
industryandmedicineofmethodsandmaterialsoriginating
fromfundamentalresearch,
—analysisofriskswhichmaybeassociatedtothedevelopment
ofmodernbiotechnology .
—Continuousevaluationofthestrategicsignificanceofnew
developments inbiotechnology andpromotionoftheessential
coherencebetweenthedifferentareasofCommunitypolicy
concernedwith,orimpingedonby,biotechnology .E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Dependingonthenatureoftheprojects,cooperationissoughtwith
programmeslikeCOST,VAMAS,internationalorganizations inthe
nuclearfieldandwithnationalorganizations ,suchastheNBSinthe
USA.
(')Itisalsotobenotedthatspecificprestandardization workincertainareas
iscarriedout,whereappropriate,withinthecorresponding sectoral
actions.

24.10.87 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL302/15
biotechnology .Wheremutuallybeneficial,appropriatecooperation
willbeestablishedwithEurekaprojectsconcerningtheindustrial
applicationsofthelifesciences.E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Thisactionwillbeimplementedincloserelationshipwiththe
differentCOSTactivitiesassociatedwithagriculturalresearchand
biotechnology .
F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Thegeneraltendencyinallfieldsofbiotechnology andits
applications istowardsexpansion,involumeaswellasin
diversity.F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Thespecificdevelopmentoftheinterfacebetweenagricultureand
industryconstitutesanewelementintheCommunity'sactivitiesin
research,developmentandtechnology .Itisessentialthataresolute
startshouldbemadeonthisaction,whileacceptingtheobligationto
evaluatecorrectlythepotentialside-effects,fromthedual
perspectiveoftheCommunity'spoliciesbothforagricultureandfor
industry.
4.2.AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES
4.3.COMPETITIVENESS OFAGRICULTURE AND
MANAGEMENT OFAGRICULTURAL RESOURCES
A.PURPOSE
Tobenefitsimultaneously agriculture,industryandtheconsumer,in
particularthroughtheimplementation oftechnologiesbasedon
modernconceptsinthelifesciences.A.PURPOSE
Tocontribute,inparticularthroughtheapplicationofadvanced
technologies ,toaresponsetothenumerouschallenges(economic,
social,environmental ,regional)derivingfromtheevolutionof
agriculturalactivitiesinthesocio-economic frameworkofrural
areas.B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Theaimistomakebestpossibleuseoftherapiddevelopmentswhich
areresultingfrom,ontheonehand,basicworkinthelifesciences
and,ontheother,fromthecontinuingprogressachievedinthe
industrialtechnologiesrelatingtoagriculture,includingthe
transformation andutilizationofitsoutputs.Theactionwill
thereforedevelopbetweenagricultureandindustryatechnological
interfacefullyopentoinnovation .Pilotactionswillalsobe
undertakentoverify,atappropriatescale,thevalidityofthe
methodsandproductsresultingfromresearchinbasic
biotechnology andinagriculturalscience.B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Theactionwillmainlybedevotedtoincreasingtheefficacyof
humanandfinancialresourcesdevotedtoagriculture.Tothisend,
thedevelopmentofaEuropeanscientificCommunityintheareaof
agriculturewillbeencouraged,andresearcheffortswillbeoriented
accordingtocurrentmarketrealitiesandnewrequirementsofthe
commonagriculturalpolicy.
C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Theactivitieswillbecarriedoutthroughshared-costactionsand
pilotactionsinvolvingresearchinstitutesandindustries,in
particularthoseupstreamanddownstreamofagricultureitself.C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
TheCommunityR&Dactionsintheagriculturalfieldwillmainly
beimplementedthroughshared-costandcoordinationactions,as
wellasthroughpilotprojects.
D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
—Researchonthequalityandcompetitiveness offoodstuffs,
—Researchonthenutritionalandtoxicologicalpropertiesof
foodstuffs,
—Developmenttodemonstrateinnovativepossibilitiesresulting
fromresearch ,undertakeninbiotechnology andagriculture
(industrialinputstoagricultureandnewproductionor
processing possibilities offeredbyagro-industrial
technologies ).D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
CommunityR&TDactivitieswillfocusonthefollowing
themes:
—effectivenessofhumanandfinancialresources,
—diversification ,higherqualityandlowercostsofproduction,
—developmentofnewapplicationsandmarkets,
—utilizationofsoilandwater,
—promotionofforestry,
—effectiveprotectionoftheruralenvironment ,
—regionalbalanceandintegratedruraldevelopment .
Thetechniquesusedforthispurposeincluderemotesensing.E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Theactionwillbecarriedoutincloserelationwiththevarious
COSTactionsrelatingtoagriculturalresearch,foodtechnologyand

24.10.87 NoL302/16 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Theactionwillbecarriedoutincloserelationwiththevarious
COSTactionswhicharerelatedtoagriculturalresearch.geologicalformation,suchassalt,graniteandclay.Thiswillbe
accompaniedbyattemptstoreachaEuropeanconsensusona
commonapproach,
—workondecommissioning operationswillinvolve
demonstration ofrelevanttechnologies ,
—safeguardingmethodologies andtechniques,andtechniquesfor
safeguardsintegration,willbefurtherdeveloped,
—workonactinideswillprovidethenecessaryscientificbasefor
theareasdescribedabove.F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Agriculturalcompetitiveness remainsdependentuponsteady
progressinvarioustechnologies .Thesituationwillbeclosely
monitoredwithaviewtoidentifyingpossibleadaptationofthe
presentequilibriumbetweentheresearchthemes.
E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE -ACTIONS
Collaboration andinformationexchangesbetweentheCommunity
andextra-Community RTDactivitieshavelongbeenestablished
andshouldcontinue(e.g.withIAEAandwithOECDNEA).In
particularthecollaborationwiththeIAEAshouldbestrengthenedin
viewofthekeyrolenowassumedbythisagencyinmattersofsafety
followingtheChernobylaccident.Furthermore ,thenetworkof
collaboration establishedwithintheRTDprogrammeofwaste
managementshouldcontinuetobeexploited.5.1.FISSION:NUCLEARSAFETY
A.PURPOSE
Tocontributetoimprovingthelevelofscientificandtechnical
knowledgerelevanttonuclearsafety.Furthermoretocontribute
totheharmonization ofapproachestosafetywithinthe
Community .F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Theproposedactivitiestakeintoaccounttheneedtopreservethe
underlyingcontinuityofactiontowardslonger-termobjectivesof
nuclearsafety.
DeeperevaluationoftheChernobylaccidentwillinfluencethe
reactorsafetyactivityforthecomingyears;radioactive-waste
managementanddecommissioning activitieswillevolvetowards
larger-scaletechnologicaldemonstrations .B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Toreinforcethescientificandtechnicalbasisnecessarytostrengthen
thesafetyaspectsofnuclearplantsandoperationsandtoprovide
objectiveinformationthattranscendsthenationaldimension .
5.2.CONTROLLED THERMONUCLEAR FUSIONC.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
ThelargestpartoftheactivitieswillhaverecoursebothtotheJoint
ResearchCentreandtoshared-costcontracts.Itisenvisagedthat
researchrequiringlargeout-of-pileinstallationwillbeperformedby
theJointResearchCentre,whereasshared-costcontractswillbe
moreadaptedtocoverlarge-scaledemonstration oftechnologies
andin-pileexperiments .Otheractionsmaybeintheformof
complementary programmessupportingparticipation ,and/orjoint
undertakings .A.PURPOSE
Toopenanewwayofpowergenerationhavingamoderateimpact
ontheenvironmentandusingapracticallyinexhaustible fuel.This
longtermcooperativeprojectembracesalltheworkcarriedoutin
theMemberStatesinthefieldofcontrolledthermonuclear
fusion.
B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Thefollowingobjectivesareestablishedfortheperiod1987to
1991:D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
R&TDareaswillbeorientatedtowardsissuesofhighest
relevance :
—workonreactorsafetywillcoverplantsinoperationandunder
development ,includingtheirfuelcycles,takingintoaccountthe
observedbehaviourofoperatingplants.Workwillinparticular
addressthepreventionandmitigationofmajoraccidents,
—radioactive-waste managementwillincludewastetreatment,
conditioningandqualityassuranceandconcentrateon
demonstration ofsalelong-termwastedisposaloptionsin—JET(JointEuropeanTorus):thisinstallationshouldbefully
exploited,
—Othertokamaks :themedium-sizespecializedtokamaksin
existenceorinconstruction shouldalsocontributetothesuccess
offusion,
—fusiontechnology :thecurrentactivitiesshouldbe
strengthened ,

24.10.87 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL302/17
—alternativelines:thereactorpotentialofmagneticconfinement
systemsotherthanthetokamakwillbeexplored,
—otheractivities:outsidemagneticfusion,theobjectiveistocarry
outaminimumprogrammeoninertialconfinementandreview
periodicallymuon-catalysed fusion.
Theaimoftheaboveactivitiesistoestablishthephysicsand
technologybasisnecessaryforthedetaileddesignofNET(Next
EuropeanTorus).—SwedenandSwitzerlandarefullyassociatedwiththe
Communityfusionprogramme,
—bilateralframeworkagreementexistswithCanada,willbe
signedinNovember1986withtheUSAandisinpreparation
withJapan,
—severalimplementing agreementsintheframeworkofthe
InternationalEnergyAgencyinParis(OECD)areeitherin
executionorinpreparation ,
—cooperationintheframeworkofIAEAwiththethreeotherlarge
fusionprogrammes (Japan,USA,USSR)intheINTOR
workshops,
—Discussionsoftechnicallevelsarebeingcarriedouttoexplorethe
possibilityofconstructingthenextstepafterJET(experimental
testreactor:ETR),intheframeofaworldwideinternational
cooperation .C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Theimplementation oftheJETprojecthasbeenentrustedtothe
JointEuropeanTorus(JET)JointUndertaking ,whichisfinancedat
80%bytheCommissionbudget.Theremainingpartofthefusion
activitieswillbeexecutedprincipallybyshared-costactions
(associationscontracts)andforsomepartsbydirectactions(fusion
technologyattheJRC).F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
TheCommunityfusionprogrammeisalongtermcooperative
projectembracingalltheworkcarriedoutintheMemberStatesin
thefieldofcontrolledthermonuclear fusion.Itstartedwiththe
foundationofEuratominthelate1950sandisdesignedtoleadin
duecoursetothejointconstructionofprototypereactorswithaview
totheirindustrialproductionandmarketing .
Thepathtobefollowedcanbeschematicallydividedintothree
stages:demonstrations ofscientificfeasibility,technological
feasibilityandeventuallyeconomicfeasibility.Atpresentallfusion
programmes intheworldarestillessentiallyinthescientific
stage.
5.3.NON-NUCLEAR ENERGIES ANDRATIONAL USEOF
ENERGYD.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Themainactivitiesfortheperiod1987to1991willbe:
—NETisinthepre-designphase.Themainperformance
specifications havebeententativelyselected,resultingina
coherentsetofparameterswhichispresentlybeingusedfor
furtheroptimizationandforguidanceofthetechnology
programme ,
—JET:thisistheleadingfusionexperimentintheworldand,in
ordertofullyexploitthepotentialofthisdevice,thebestuseofits
capabilitiesshouldbemade,whichimpliesaddingsome
supplementary equipment (pelletinjection,plasmaexhaust,
sawteethanddisruptioncontrol,currentprofilecontrol).This
requiresmoretimeandfundsthanhithertoenvisaged.Tothis
end,aproposaltoextendthelifetimeoftheprojectuptotheend
of1992isalsopresentlybeingsubmitted,
—theEuropeanmedium-sizetokamakswillcontributetothe
progressoffusionandtothefuturesuccessofJETby
experimenting withdifferentconfigurations ,byexploringnew
heatingmethodsandbydevelopingnewdiagnostics,
—thetechnologyactivityismainlyorientedtowardsNET,but
therearealsolongertermactivities.Effortswillconcentrateon
superconducting magnets,tritium,blanket,remotehandling,
materials,safetyandenvironment ,
—alternativelines:theconstructionofanadvancedstellaratorand
ofalargereversed-fieldpinchwillbecompletedandresultswill
beobtained.Aflexibleheliac,presentlyunderplanning,will
possiblydebuilt,
—a'keepintouch'activityismaintainedinthefieldoflaserfusion
andmuon-catalysed fusioniskeptunderreview.A.PURPOSE
Thepurposeofdevelopingenergytechnologyderivesdirectlyfrom
theCommunityenergystrategy,theoverallgoalofwhichisto
increase,inthelongterm,securityofsupplyandtodecreaseenergy
importsbothatreasonablecostandinconsideration of
environmental conditions .Withregardtothetechnologiescovered
underthisactivity,thisobjectivecallsforanincreasedcontribution
—inthemediumandthelongterm—offossilfuelsandnewand
renewablesourcesandforaconsiderablereductioninenergy
demandintensity.
B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Duringtheperiod1987to1991,theactivitieswillbestructured
progressivelysoastoleadtoalimitednumberoftarget-oriented
high-technology actionswithwell-definedgoals.Theaimswill
be:
—toincreasetherangeofenergysourcesandreducedependenceon
petroleumbasedproducts,
—todevelopfurtherthetechnological capabilitiesand
competitiveness oftheCommunity'sindustriesinthefieldof
energytechnology,E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Inthefieldoffusion,therehasalwaysbeenveryactiveinternational
collaboration :

NoL302/18 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities24.10.87
countriesoutsidetheEuropeanCommunity (USA,Japan,
developingcountries)willbepursued.ThecollaborationwithISO
andotherbodiesforstandards,etc.,willbereinforced .
ItistobeexpectedthattheCommunityprogrammeswillalsoleadto
cooperationwithcertainEurekaprojects(heatpumps,combustion,
etc.)astheyhavealreadydoneinthepast(amorphoussilicon).—toreducetheeconomicburdenofinefficientenergyuse,
—toreducetheadverseenvironmental effectsofenergyproduction
andutilization .
Theseaimswillbeachievedbymakingprogressinthedevelopment
andavailabilityofadvancedtechnologiesfortherationaluseof
energyandtheuseoffossil,hydrocarbonandrenewablesources.
Thiswillbeensuredbystimulatingandcoordinatingresearchalong
commonlineswhereappropriate,andencouragingtransfrontier
collaborationwherecountry-specific applicationsareinvolved.F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Theactivitiesinthisfieldwillbecontinouslyadaptedtonewneeds
anddevelopments .Inthiscontext,certainactivitiesmightbe
abandoned (as,forexample,hydrogenwasabandonedinthepast)
andrelatedactionsmightbetakenup,suchas:deepgeologyfor
energysources,magneto-hydrodynamic powergeneration
(MHD).C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Theactivitywillbecarriedoutprimarilybycost-sharedcontractual
research.Itincludesassessmentandfeasibilitystudiesand
collaborativeprojects.Industrywillbeinvolvedforalargepartin
theimplementation .Theactivitywillbecarriedouttoacertain
extentbytheJRC.
6.SCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY FORDEVELOPMENT
A.PURPOSE
Todevelopresearchcapacity,bothinEuropeandthedeveloping
countries,inthevitalareasofagricultureandtropicaland
subtropicalmedicine,andtoincreasescientificcooperationinthese
areas.
B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
vD.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Researchanddevelopmentwillbefocusedon:
—technologiesforexploitingrenewableenergysouces:
—solarenergy,inparticularphotovoltaics ,passivesolar
technologyandtesting,
—energyfrombiomass,mainlyproductionandconversion,
—windenergy,withaspecialaccentoncriticalcomponents
andsystems,
—geothermalenergywith,asamainobjective,hotdryrocks
andrelatedtechnologies ;
—technologiesforamorerationalandcleanuseofavailableenergy
resources :
—energyconservation ,includingfuelcellsandbatteries,
—solidfuels,inparticularinviewoftheircleanuse,
—newenergyvectors,
—hydrocarbons ,inparticularexploitationanduse,
—energysystemsanalysisandmodelling;
—inadditiontothesesectoralactivities,morehorizontallyoriented
topicswillbeaddressed,suchascombustionscience,sensors,
deepgeology,buildingtechnology,testing,normsand
standards .
Withintheseareas,theactionswillconcentrateonthedevelopment
ofadvanced(mostlylong-term)technologiesrequiringtransfrontier
collaborationandonwell-definedprojectsrequiringaCommunity
dimensionfortheirexecution .Scientificresearchtobenefitthetropicalworldinthisarearemainsat
alimitedlevelinEurope,whilethedevelopingcountries'research
needshavebeenincreasing,andtheyhavebeenunabletocope.This
programmeofscientificcooperationwiththedevelopingcountriesis
intendedtomakeitpossibleto:
—strengthenlinksbetweenthevariousEuropeantropicaland
subtropicalresearchstructures,toimprovethecoordinationof
theirworkandthusincreaseitsefficiency,
—stimulatecooperationbetweenlaboratoriesintheNorthand
South,inordertobringteamsfromthedevelopingcountriestoa
scientificlevelenablingthemtobecomefullpartnersoftheteams
fromtheNorth,andtodevelopimprovedSouth/South
cooperation ,
—implementmeasurestoimprovethedevelopingcountries'own
researchcapacity,whichwillhavetheresult,amongstother
things,ofensuringgreaterlong-termefficiencyfordevelopment
measuresinthesecountries.
C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Measureswillbecarriedoutbymeansofshared-costresearch
contractsinuniversities,institutesandpublicorprivateresearch
centres.Thesecontractswillcompriseatrainingandanequipment
section,bothfundamentalforthedevelopmentofresearchinthe
developingcountriesand,whenjustified,thesetting-upofresearch
networks .E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Thelongstandingcollaborationwithmanyactionscarriedoutinthe
InternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)aswellasbilateralactionswith

24.10.87 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL302/19
isessentialtoincreasethevolumeofsuchresearch,takinginto
accountthegeographicalextensionoftheCommunityandthe
increasingconcernofcountriesinLatinAmericaandAsia.
Furthermore ,thisactivityinvolvesastrengtheningofindigenous
researchcapacities,alongthelinesoftheCouncil'sDecisiondated10
December1985.
7.1.MARINESCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY
A.PURPOSE
Tocontributetoestablishingascientificandtechnologicalbasisfor
theexploration,exploitation ,managementandprotectionofthe
Europeancoastalandmarginalseas.D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Activitywillbeconfinedtotwopriorityareasforthedeveloping
countries—agricultureandmedicine,healthandnutrition:
Agriculture
Theresearchprojectsplannedinthisfieldwillfallunderthe
followingfourpriorityheadings:
—improvementofagriculturalproduction,whetherofplantor
animalorigin,throughitsvariousconstituents (improvement
ofspeciesorbreeds,theirprotection,improvedyields,
improvementingrowingtechniques,etc.),
—conservation andenhancement oftheenvironment .Thiscovers
inparticulartheevaluationofnaturalresources,the
managementofwater,andsoilmanagementandprotection—
allessentialtoolsinthefightagainstdesertificationandthestudy
oftheexploitationofsensitiveareas,
—agriculturalengineeringandpost-harvesttechnologies .This
headingcoversresearchactivitiesconcerningruralengineering,
mechanization ,conservationandprocessingofproducts,
—growingandproduction systems.Theseinvolve
multidisciplinary researchtoanalysetheinteractionbetweenthe
factorswhichdeterminethedevelopmentofplantandanimal
productsinaparticularenvironment .
Medicine,HealthandNutrition
Researchinthisfieldfallsmainlyunderthreeheadings:
—tropicaldiseases,whethertransmissibleornot,includingthe
developmentorimprovement ofvaccines,diagnosticand
treatmentmethods,andthecontrolofvectors,
—operationalresearchrelatingtohealthcaresystemsappropriate
totheruralorUrbanenvironments indevelopingcountries,
—nutritionresearchwhichliesattheinterfacebetweenanumberof
disciplines :medicine,agronomics,economicsandthesocial
sciences.B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
ToelaborateandtoimplementafirstCommunityR&D
programmeinordertointroducethenecessaryCommunity
dimensiontovariousongoingresearchactivities.
C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Theprogrammeistobeimplementedmainlybyshared-costcontract
researchandcoordinationofnationalprogrammes .
D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
InthebeginningtheCommunityprogrammeshouldconcentrateon
asmallnumberofimportanttopics.Ontheonehand,RTDareas
couldbe:seamodelling,oceanographic research,coastalzone
management ,designanddevelopmentofadvancedinstrumentsand
technologies ;usecouldbemadeofremotesensingtechniques.On
theotherhand,supportingactivitiescouldaimatthenetworkingof
regionaldatacentresandatensuringamoreeconomicuseofexisting
majorfacilities,suchasresearchvessels.Emphasisistobegivento
theelaborationofcommonnormsandstandards,andtothe
establishmentofmechanismsfordataexchange.E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Astheseactivitiesareupstreamofthedevelopmentstage,they
willbecarriedoutinclosecooperationwiththoseofthe
Directorates-General involvedinthirdworlddevelopment .The
subjectmatterofsomecontractswillrequireclosecollaboration
withotheractivitiesplannedintheframeworkprogramme .
Implementation procedureswillalsohelptostrengthenlinkswith
otherbilateralandmultilateralscientificcooperationbodies,for
instancewithUNDP,WHO,FAO,CGIARandtheUNIDO
InternationalCentreofBiotechnology .E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Whereappropriate,cooperationwithinCOSTandlinkingto
pertinentEurekaprojectswillbeensured.Inaddition,collaboration
willbeestablishedwithrelevantinternationalprogrammes,suchas
theresearchactivitiescoordinatedbyICES(InternationalCouncil
fortheExplorationoftheSea)andIOC(Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission )ofUNESCO .
F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Itisintendedthatresearchfordevelopmentpurposeswillprogress
beyondtheexperimentalstageitwentthroughinitsinitialphase.ItF.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Workonthisactionlinewillbebuiltupbyacarefullymanaged
sequenceofrequirementsanalysisandplanning,followedbya
phasedbuild-upinthelevelofactivity.

NoL302/20 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities24.10.87
7.2.FISHERIES forresearchworkers,andinparticulartoputexistingscientific
potentialtogooduseatboththehumanlevelandthatofinstitutions.
Improvementofaccesstocommunication networksandscientific
andtechnicalinformation .
A.PURPOSE
FisheriesresearchisanintegralpartoftheCommunityfishery
strategyandmustcontributetomeetingtheneedsofthemarket
withoutdisruptingfishresourcesandtoabetterutilizationofthe
catches.B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Toincreasethemobilityofasignificantfractionofthescientific
community .
Establishingcooperationnetworks;increasingscientificexchanges;
bringingtogetherresearchteamswhichcomplementoneanotherin
jointresearch.Promotingthescientificandtechnicaldevelopmentof
Europe,bygivingallCommunityMemberStatesgenuine
opportunitiestotakepartintheseexchanges.B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Theactionwillfocusonthedevelopmentandapplicationofnew
methodsforresourceconservationandmanagementandwaste
reduction .
Itwillalsoendeavourtodevelopacquaculturetechniquesand
productsandwillaimatamoreefficientexploitationofcertain
zoneswhichhavenothithertoreceivedsufficientattention.
Whereappropriate,environmental factorswillalsobetakeninto
account .C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Contractresearchintheformofresearchgrants,laboratory
twinningsandoperations (includingequipment)aswellasstudies
whichhelptodefineareasinwhichspecialsupportshouldbegiven.
Puttinghumanresourcestogoodusethroughthedistributionof
scholarshipsforyoungresearchersandthroughthesetting-upofa
'careerawards'systemforseniorscientists,providedtheycarryout
theirworkintheCommunity .Eliminatingobstaclesandfacilitating
thefreemovementofscientificandtechnicalfacilitiesbyregulatory
measures .
Optimaluseofhigh-levelresearchteamsintheCommunity,tobe
achievedinparticularviaimprovedmeansofaccessto
communications andinformationnetworks,scientificdatabanks
andlaboratoryequipment .C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
TheCommunitywilllendfinancialsupport,throughshared-cost
actions,toresearchinwhichseveralMemberStatesparticipate .It
willpromoteandcoordinatetheexchangeofresearchersandthe
dissemination ofscientificknowledgeinfisheriesmatters.
D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Theactionwillfocusonthemanagementoffishingresources,
catchingtechniques,aquacultureinseaandfreshwater(including
diseaseproblems)andprocessingofproducts.D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Complementary stimulationprojectscoveringthewholerangeofthe
sciencescanbesupportedbyfinancingthecostsoftheseactivities
(typically,travelandsubsistenceexpenses,staffcosts,expenditure
onequipment,computercosts,etc.).E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Cooperationwiththirdcountriesisenvisagedintheframeworkof
COST,inparticularintheareaofaquaculture .
E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Therearecloselinkswiththecomplementary activitiesofthe
EuropeanScienceFoundationandtheCouncilofEurope.
Furthermore ,theactionistobeopenedtoEuropeanthirdcountries.
Expressionsofinteresthavebeenreceivedfromcountriessuchas
Norway,Sweden,SwitzerlandandAustria;negotiationswiththe
lattertwocountrieshavealreadybegun.F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
NosignificantCommunityactionshavebeencarriedoutsofar.The
activitywillthushavetobelaunched,anditshouldreacha
steady-statearoundthemiddleofthe1987to1991period.
8.1.STIMULATION ,ENHANCEMENT ANDUSEOFHUMAN
RESOURCESF.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Giventhegrowthindemandforcooperationprojectsandtheneed
foroptimaluseofallscientificresourcesinEurope,asubstantial
strengtheningoftheactivitiesintheseareas,aimingatscientificand
technicaldevelopmentwithinthewholeCommunity,becomes
necessary.Contextualmeasuresareprovidedforintheframework
ofaEuropeforresearchworkersinordertodevelopthe
transnationalandinterdisciplinary mobilityofscientistsandsoasto
keephighlyqualifiedresearchersinEurope.A.PURPOSE
StimulationofcooperationandexchangebetweenEuropean
researchlaboratoriesinuniversitiesandinpublicandindustrial
institutions,inordertocontributetotheachievementofaEurope

24.10.87 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesNoL302/21
8.2.USEOFMAJORINSTALLATIONS andlong-termactionintheCommunity .Also,toprovide
appropriatetoolsfortheefficientandeffectiveevaluationof
CommunityR&TDactivitiesandtodisseminatetherelevant
information -intheMemberStates.A.PURPOSE
ToimprovetheCommunity'sresearchcompetitiveness byrational
(full)useofmajorEuropeanscientificandtechnicalinstallations .
B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Graduallytoimproveand,asfaraspossible,optimizethe
developmentandutilizationofmajorscientificandtechnical
installationsbyexploitingtheEuropeandimension.B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Toanalysetheimplicationsandconsequencesoflong-termscientific
andtechnological changesforR&TDpolicyandthe
socio-economic developmentoftheCommunity .
Todevelopnewtechniquesaimed,inparticular,atanalysingthe
impactofCommunityR&TDactivitiesonindustrialinnovation
andsocio-economic development .Inaddition,tocreateanetwork
ofevaluationunitsbetweenMemberStatesandtheCommission .
Finally,todevelopknowledge-based expertsystemsinorderto
improvetheusefulnessofstatisticalinformationandtheefficiencyof
itsproduction .C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Communitysupportwillbeprovidedsoastoenableresearchersin
theCommunitytomakeuseoftimeandexperimentation facilitiesat
majorEuropeanscientificandtechnicalinstallations .Inreturn,the
installationscould-thankstotheCommunitycontribution-be
adaptedandgivenspecialfeatures.ThemodalityoftheCommunity
contributionwillbedecidedonacase-by-casebasis.
C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
Theseactivitieswillbeimplementedprimarilybyshared-costactions
within-housestudies,100%fundedcontracts,concertedactions
andvisitingfellows,asappropriate,aswellasbypromotionof
Europeancooperationnetworks.D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Communitysupportwillincludeinstallationswhichhavesome
measureofuniquenessintheEuropeancontext.(Aninstallationof
thiskindiscomplexandexpensiveandusuallysupportedbya
considerable scientificandtechnicalinfrastructure .)The
Communityeffortcouldincludeareasof'purescience'thatinvolve
largeinstrumentsandfacilities,suchasmaterialsscience,
high-energyandnuclearphysics,biology,etc.,and'bigengineering
science'facilitiesinthefieldsofoceanography ,hydrodynamics ,
magneto-hydrodynamics ,earthquakeengineering,etc.
E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Closelinkswillbemaintainedwithinternationalorganizationswith
similarinterest,theEuropeanScienceFoundation,etc.Moreover,
effortswillbemadetoencouragecollaborationwithEuropeanthird
countries(e.g.COSTcountries)inrelationtotheuseofthemajor
scientificandtechnicalfacilitiesinEurope.D.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Theactivitieswillbecarriedoutwithwidertermsofreferencethan
inthepastsoastoprovideabetterinputtotheCommunityscience
andtechnologystrategyanditsimplementation .
Forecastingandassessmentwillincludetheanalysisofthepossible
scientificandtechnologicaldevelopments inthenext15to20years,
theassessmentoftheopportunities fornewindustrialand
commercialdevelopments associatedwithfuturescientificand
technological advancesandalsothestudyoftheintegrationof
scienceandtechnologyintosocietyintheMemberStatesandofthe
implicationsandconsequencesofnewtechnologyforsociety.
Evaluationresearchwillcoverthedevelopmentandselectionofnew
techniques,includingthemeansofmeasurementofsocioeconomic
effects.AdatabasewillbecompiledandmaintainedonR&TD
evaluationintheCommunityandinothercountries.
Theeffortonstatisticaltoolswillincludestudyoftheproblems
underlyingtheconstructionofexpertsystemsandsystemsdesigned
tooperateinselectedareas,particularattentionbeingpaidtothe
needforthecompatibilityoffuturesystems.F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Particularemphasisshouldbeplacedonmakingfulluseofthe
Community'spotentialsofarasmajorscientificandtechnical
installationsareconcerned.DuetotheCommunity'sfinancial
support,asignificantimprovement isenvisagedduringthereference
period;thefinalaimistooptimizetherateofutilizationofthese
installations inthefuture.
8.3.FORECASTING ANDASSESSMENT ANDOTHER
BACK-UPMEASURES (INCLUDING STATISTICS )
E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Contactswillbemaintainedwithinternational bodieswithsimilar
interests,suchastheCouncilofEurope,theEuropeanScienceA.PURPOSE
Toassessthelong-termchangesinscienceandtechnologyand
identifyguidelinesandpriorityfieldsforacommonR&TDpolicy

NoL302/22 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities24.10.87
channels;forthosewhichmustbeprotected,toensurea
substantialimprovement inthelevelofexploitationandthe
resultingcreationofeconomicactivities.Foundation,OECD(OrganizationforEconomicCooperationand
Development),UNECE(UnitedNationsEconomicCommissionfor
Europe),UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,Scientificand
CulturalOrganization),ICSU(InternationalCouncilforScientific
Unions),IIASA(International InstituteforAppliedSystem
Analysis).
C.PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OFIMPLEMENTATION
AllmodalitiesofCommunityactionwillbeusedforimplementing
thisaction.Recoursewillbehadtostudiesandcreationofand
supportforEuropeancooperationnetworks.F.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Asignificantexpansionisforeseeninthenumberandqualityofthe
EuropeannetworksbetweentheMemberStatesinforecastingand
assessmentofscienceandtechnology .
Similarly,amajorexpansionisneededinevaluationresearchto
developnewmethodologies ,topromotecooperationwithMember
Statesand,aboveall,toensurethesystematicandeffective
evaluationofallCommunityR&TDwork.
8.4.DISSEMINATION ANDUTILIZATION OFS/T
RESEARCH RESULTSD.TECHNICAL CONTENT
Theactivityonlinguisticproblemswillcovercompletionby1990of
afirstmultilingualprototypemachinetranslationsystem(fornine
officialCommunitylanguages),supporttotheindustrial
developmentofamachinetranslationsystem,developmentof
methodsandtoolsforthereusabilityoflexicalresourcesin
computerizedapplications,andcreationofstandardsforlexicaland
terminological data.
Informationandcommunication networksandscientificdatabases
willbuildoneffortsalreadyunderwaytodevelopandimplement
OSI(opensystemsinterconnection )standardsandprovidethe
Communitywithhigh-speedand/orbroadbandcommunication
services,aswellasbuildingonthepotentialoftheRAREassociation
(ReseauxAssociespourlaRechercheEuropeenne).
TheeffortonutilizationofR&TDresultswillincludedetermined
bythenaturoftheparticularresults:patentscreening,market
surveys,drawing-upofbusinessplansandprototypeorpilot
installationdevelopment .A.PURPOSE
ToeaseandacceleratethecirculationofinformationrelatedtoRTD
workandresultsinordertoincreasetheefficiencyoftheRTDwork
itself,andtostimulatetheprocessofinnovationandindustrial
exploitationinEurope,by:
—removingtheeffectoflinguisticbarriersintheCommunity ,
—improvingtheefficiencyofdistributedresearchanddevelopment
activitiesthroughoutEurope,
—facilitating,throughgeneralmeasures,theutilizationofthe
resultsofCommunityRDTactivitiesbyallpotentialusers.E.RELATIONSHIP TOOTHERCOOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Contactswillbemaintainedwithinternational bodieswithsimilar
interests,suchasRARE.Whereappropriate ,coordinationwith
Eurekaprojectswillbeestablished (e.g.EurekaCosineproject).
Wherefeasible,resultsfromCOSTprojectswillbeused(e.g.COST
11).
B.OBJECTIVES FOR1987to1991
Theobjectivesarethefollowing:
—todeveloprapidandefficientcomputerized systemsfor
translationandinterpretation ,
—tocontributetothecreationofacommonintegratedcomputer
communication infrastructureandassociatedservices,accessible
tothevariouspublicandprivateresearchcentresinEurope,
—forresultsofCommunityR&TDactivitieswhichmustnotbe
protected,toensurecompletedissemination byappropriateF.EVOLUTION OFTHEACTIVITY
Increasedattentionwillbepaidtothesehorizontalactionswhichare
anessentialpartoftheestablishment ofthescientificand
technologicalCommunitystrategy.
Asignificantexpansionisforeseeninthenumberandqualityofthe
Europeannetworks,andrenewedemphasiswillbegiventodiffusion
ofR&TDresultsinordertopromoteinnovation .

NoL302/23 24.10.87 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
ANNEXIII
SELECTION CRITERIA
Ingeneral,CommunityR&TDactionsshouldbeselectedonthebasisofscientificandtechnicalobjectives,their
scientificandtechnicalqualityandtheircontributiontothedefinitionorimplementation ofCommunity
policies.
AparticularaimofCommunityR&TDshallbetostrengthenthescientificandtechnologicalbasisofEuropean
industry-includingthatofSMEs-especiallyinstrategicareasofhightechnology,andtoencourageitto
becomemorecompetitiveattheinternationallevel.
Communityactioncanbejustifiedwhereitpresentsadvantages (addedvalue)intheshort,mediumorlongterm
fromthepointofviewofefficiencyandfinancingorfromthescientificandtechnicalpointofviewascompared
withnationalandotherinternationalactivities(publicorprivate).
ThefollowingcriteriainparticularjustifyCommunityaction:
—researchwhichcontributestothestrengtheningoftheeconomicandsocialcohesionoftheCommunityandthe
promotionofitsoverallharmoniousdevelopment ,whilebeingconsistentwiththepursuitofscientificand
technicalquality,
—researchonaverylargescaleforwhichtheindividualMemberStatescouldnot,orcouldonlywithdifficulty,
providethenecessaryfinanceandpersonnel,
—research,thejointexecutionofwhichwouldofferobviousfinancialbenefits,evenaftertakingaccountofthe
extracostsinherentinallinternationalcooperation ,
—researchwhich,becauseofthecomplementary natureofworkbeingdonenationallyinpartofagivenfield,
enablessignificantresultstobeobtainedintheCommunityasawholeforthecaseofproblemeswhosesolution
requiresresearchonalargescale,particularlygeographical ,
—researchwhichcontributestotheachievementofthecommonmarketandtotheunificationoftheEuropean
scientificandtechnicalarea,andresearchleading,wheretheneedisfelt,totheestablishmentofuniformnorms
andstandards .