Variable name Variable breakdown categories Enterprise scope/ Enterprise breakdown(s) (1) Measurement unit

Introduction of product innovation during the reference period (2) Introduction of new or improved (1) goods (2) services All enterprises/ DA/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Introduction, during the reference period, of product innovation that was new to the market Introduction of new or improved goods or services that were: (1) not previously offered by competitors (2) identical or very similar to products already offered by competitors Enterprises with product innovation/ DA/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Turnover from innovative products in the reference year Turnover from products (1) introduced during the reference period that were not previously offered by competitors (2) introduced during the reference period that were identical or very similar to products already offered by competitors (3) that were unchanged or only marginally modified during the reference period Enterprises with product innovation/ DA; ICC/ Incidence (number of enterprises), Thousand Euros

Developer of product innovations introduced during the reference period Product innovations developed by: (1) the enterprise by itself (2) the enterprise together with other enterprises or organisations (3) the enterprise by adapting or modifying products originally developed by other enterprises or organisations (4) other enterprises or organisations Enterprises with product innovation/ DA/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Introduction of business process innovation during the reference period Introduction of new or improved processes: (1) methods for producing or developing goods or providing services (2) logistics, delivery or distribution methods (3) methods for information processing or communication (4) methods for accounting or other administrative operations (5) business practices for organising procedures or external relations (6) methods of organising work responsibility, decision making or human resource management (7) marketing methods for promotion, packaging, pricing, product placement or after sales services All enterprises/ DA/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Developer of business process innovations introduced during the reference period Business process innovations developed by: (1) the enterprise by itself (2) the enterprise together with other enterprises or organisations (3) the enterprise by adapting or modifying business processes originally developed by other enterprises or organisations (4) other enterprises or organisations Enterprises with business process innovation/ DA/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Business model innovation during the reference period (optional variable) Fundamental changes: (1) to the value that products/services create for customers (2) in the way how revenues are obtained (3) in the production and delivery of products (4) in the relationship to customers (5) in the relationship to suppliers or cooperation partners All enterprises/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Innovation activities during the reference period Research and Development (R & D) activities: (1) in-house R & D, of which (2) to (3) (2) continuous (3) occasional (4) contracting out R & D Innovation activities that did not lead to the introduction of an innovation during the reference period: (5) ongoing by the end of the reference year (6) abandoned or suspended (7) completed but not leading to the introduction of an innovation All enterprises/ DA/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Expenditure on innovation activities in the reference year Innovation expenditure: (1 to 3 mandatory, 4 to 7 optional) (1) R & D performed in-house (2) R & D contracted out (3) all other innovation expenditure, of which (4) to (7) (4) own personnel working on innovation (5) services, materials, supplies purchased from others for innovation (6) capital goods for innovation (7) other expenditures for innovation Enterprises with innovation activities/ DA/ Thousand Euros

Reasons for not having more innovation activities during the reference period (1) Lack of resources, e.g. lack of finance, qualified personnel, material (2) Other reasons than a lack of resources, e.g. strategic reasons; not the right time to innovate; other priorities; risks too high; low expected returns (3) No need for more innovation activities Enterprises with innovation activities/ DA; ICC/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Reasons for having no innovation activities at all during the reference period (1) Lack of resources, e.g. lack of finance, qualified personnel, material (2) Other reasons than a lack of resources, e.g. strategic reasons; not the right time to innovate; other priorities; risks too high; low expected returns (3) No need for any innovation activities Enterprises with no innovation activity/ DA; ICC/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Intellectual Property Rights (optional variable) (1) Application for a patent (2) Registration of an industrial design right (3) Registration of a trademark (4) Claim of a copyright (5) Use of trade secrets (6) Licence out own intellectual property rights (IPRs) (7) Sell (or assign) own IPRs to others (8) Exchange IPRs (pooling, cross-licencing, etc.) All enterprises/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Conditions faced by the enterprise during the reference period (optional variable) Competitive environment characterised by: (1) goods or services become outdated quickly (2) future technological developments are difficult to predict (3) competitor goods or services are easily substituted for those of the enterprise (4) entry of new competitors leads to a major threat of the enterprises’ market position (5) competitor’s actions are difficult to predict (6) changes in demand are difficult to predict (7) strong competition from abroad (8) price increases lead to loss of clients All enterprises/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises) by Likert scale: — Applies fully — Applies somewhat — Applies very little — Applies not at all

Importance of strategies, during the reference period, to the economic performance of the enterprise (optional variable) Focus on: (1) improving existing goods or services (2) introducing new goods or services (3) low-price (price leadership) (4) high-quality (quality leadership) (5) broad range of goods or services (6) one or a small number of key goods or services (7) satisfying established customers (8) approaching new customers (9) standardised goods or services (10) customer-specific solutions All enterprises/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises) by Likert scale: — High — Medium — Low — Not important

Customisation and co-creation during the reference period (optional variable) Offer of goods or services: (1) co-created with users (co-creation) (2) designed and developed specifically to meet the needs of particular users (customisation) (3) in the same way for different users (standardised goods or services) All enterprises/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Cooperation with other enterprises or organisations during the reference period Cooperation on: (1) R & D (2) other innovation activities (excluding R & D) (3) any other business activities Cooperation on R & D or other innovation activities with cooperation partners: (4) from the business enterprise sector (5) outside the business enterprise sector All enterprises/ DA; ICC/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Detailed type of innovation cooperation partner by location during the reference period (optional variable) Cooperation partners from the business enterprise sector (includes 1 to 6) (1) consultants, commercial labs, or private research institutes (2) suppliers of equipment, materials, components or software (3) clients or customers (4) competitors (5) others Cooperation partners from the own enterprise group: (6) enterprises within the own enterprise group Cooperation partners outside the business enterprise sector (includes 7 to 10): (7) universities or other higher education institutions (8) government or public research institutes (9) clients or customers from the public sector (10) non-profit organisations For each partner: located in: (11) own country (12) other EU or EFTA countries (13) all other countries Enterprises with innovation cooperation partners/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Access to finance during the reference period Type of funding: (1) Equity finance (2) Debt finance For each type of funding: (3) unsuccessful attempt to obtain (4) obtained (5) obtained and used partly or fully for R & D or other innovation activities All enterprises/ DA; ICC/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Public financial support from different levels of government during the reference period Public financial support by: (1) local or regional authorities (2) national government (3) EU Programme for Research and Innovation (Horizon 2020, Horizon Europe) (4) other financial support from a European Union institution For each type of public financial support: (5) obtained (6) obtained and used partly or fully for R & D or other innovation activities All enterprises/ DA; ICC/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Tax incentives or allowances during the reference period (optional variable) Use of tax credits or allowances for: (1) R & D or other innovation activities (2) all other types of activities All enterprises/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Importance of factors related to climate change during the reference period (optional variable) Factors related to climate change: (1) government policies or measures related to climate change (2) increasing customer demand for products that help mitigate or adapt to climate change (e.g. low-carbon products) (3) increasing costs or input prices resulting from climate change (e.g. higher insurance fees, higher prices for water, adaptation of processes or facilities) (4) impacts of extreme weather conditions (e.g. damages/disturbances) All enterprises/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises) by Likert scale: — High — Medium — Low — Not relevant

Innovations with environmental benefits during the reference period Environmental benefits obtained within the enterprise: (1) reduced material or water use per unit of output (2) reduced energy use or CO2‘footprint’ (i.e. reduced total CO2 emission) (3) reduced soil, light, noise, water or air pollution (4) replaced a share of materials with less polluting or hazardous substitutes (5) replaced a share of fossil energy with renewable energy sources (6) recycled waste, water, or materials for own use or sale (7) protection of bio-diversity Environmental benefits obtained during the consumption or use of a good or service by the end user: (8) reduced energy use or ‘CO2 footprint’ (9) reduced air, water, soil, light or noise pollution (10) facilitated recycling of product after use (11) extended product life through longer-lasting, more durable, or easier-to-repair products (12) protection of bio-diversity All enterprises/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises) by contribution to environmental protection being — significant — insignificant

Importance of driving factors for innovations with environmental benefits during the reference period (optional variable) Driving factors: (1) existing environmental regulations (2) existing environmental taxes, charges or fees (3) environmental regulations or taxes expected in the future (4) government grants, subsidies or other financial incentives for environmental innovations (5) current or expected market demand for environmental innovations (6) improving the enterprise’s reputation (7) voluntary actions or initiatives for environmental good practice within the sector (8) high cost of energy, water or materials (9) need to meet requirements for public procurement contracts Enterprises with innovations with environmental benefits/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises) by Likert scale: — High — Medium — Low — Not important

Purchase of innovative machinery, equipment or software during the reference period (optional variable) Purchase of machinery, equipment or software based on (1) the same or improved technology used in the enterprise before (2) new technology that was not used in the enterprise before All enterprises/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Enterprises Year: (mandatory: 1; optional: 2) (1) in the reference year (2) in the year two years before the reference year All enterprises/ DA; ICC; SG/ Number of enterprises

Employees and self-employed persons in the enterprise Year: (mandatory: 1; optional: 2) (1) in the reference year (2) in the year two years before the reference year All enterprises/ DA; ICC; SG/ Number of employees and self-employed persons

Persons with tertiary degree employed in the enterprise in the reference year (optional variable) (1) 0 % (2) 1 % to less than 5 % (3) 5 % to less than 10 % (4) 10 % to less than 25 % (5) 25 % to less than 50 % (6) 50 % to less than 75 % (7) 75 % or more All enterprises/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Total turnover of the enterprise Year: (mandatory: 1; optional: 2) (1) in the reference year (2) in the year two years before the reference year All enterprises/ DA; ICC; SG/ Thousand Euros

Turnover by location of customers in the reference year (optional variable) Customers located in (1) own country (2) other EU and EFTA countries (3) any other countries All enterprises/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises), Thousand Euros

Total expenditure of the enterprise in the reference year (optional variable) Total expenditure on: (1) acquisition of machinery, equipment, buildings and other tangible assets (2) marketing, brand building, advertising (3) training of own staff (4) product design (5) software development, database work and data analysis (6) registering, filing and monitoring own Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and purchasing or licensing IPRs from others All enterprises/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Thousand Euros

Age of the enterprise in the reference year Enterprise established (1) in 2020 or later (2) in 2018 or 2019 (3) between 2014 and 2017 (4) 2013 or earlier All enterprises/ DA; ICC/ Incidence (number of enterprises)

Kind of enterprise group in the reference year (optional variable) Enterprise is: (1) not part of an enterprise group (2) part of an enterprise group For (2), head office located in: (3) own country, of which (4) and (5) (4) with all enterprises of that group located in the country (5) any other country All enterprises/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises), Country name

Activities with one or more enterprises of the enterprise group during the reference period (optional variable) Inflows from other enterprises in the enterprise group: (1) receiving technical knowledge (2) receiving financial resources (3) receiving personnel (4) in-sourcing of business activities Outflows to other enterprises in the enterprise group: (5) transferring technical knowledge (6) transferring financial resources (7) transferring personnel (8) out-sourcing of business activities Enterprises that are part of an enterprise group/ DA; ICC (optional)/ Incidence (number of enterprises) by — other enterprise in the country — other enterprise abroad