Name Alias Date of birth/place of birth Identifying information Reasons Date of designation

BADEGE, Eric 1971 According to a 15 November 2012, final report by the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, ‘… LTL. Col. Eric Badege had become the focal point of M23 in Masisi and commanded joint operations …’ with another military leader. Additionally, ‘a series of coordinated attacks carried out in August [2012] by LTL. Col. Badege … enabled M23 to destabilize a considerable part of Masisi territory.’‘According to former combatants, LTL Col. Badege … acted under the orders of Col. Makenga when he orchestrated the attacks.’ 31.12.2012

As a military commander of M23, Badege is responsible for serious violations involving the targeting of children or women in situations of armed conflict. According to the November 2012 Group of Experts report, there have been several major incidents of indiscriminate killings of civilians, including women and children. Since May 2012 Raia Mutomboki, under the command of M23, have killed hundreds of civilians in a series of coordinated attacks. In August, Badege carried out joint attacks which involved the indiscriminate killing of civilians. The November Group of Experts report states that these attacks were jointly orchestrated by Badege and Colonel Makoma Semivumbi Jacques. According to the Group of Experts Report, local leaders from Masisi stated that Badege commanded these Raia Mutomboki attacks on the ground.

According to a 28 July 2012, Radio Okapi article, ‘the administrator of Masisi announced this Saturday, 28 July, the defection of the commander of the 2nd Battalion of the 410th Regiment FARDC base Nabiondo, about thirty kilometres northwest of Goma in North Kivu. According to him, Colonel Eric Badege and more than a hundred soldiers headed Friday to Rubaya, 80 kilometres north of Nabiondo. This information has been confirmed by several sources.’ According to a 23 November 2012 BBC article, M23 was formed when former members of the CNDP who had been integrated into the FARDC began to protest against bad conditions and pay, and lack of full implementation of the 23 March 2009 peace deal between the CNDP and the DRC that led to the CNDP’s integration into the FARDC.

M23 has been engaged in active military operations in order to take control of territory in eastern DRC, according to the November 2012 IPIS report. M23 and FARDC fought over control of several towns and villages in eastern DRC on 24 July and 25 July 2012; M23 attacked the FARDC in Rumangabo on 26 July 2012; M23 drove FARDC from Kibumba on 17 November 2012; and M23 took control of Goma on 20 November 2012. According to the November 2012 Group of Experts report, several ex-M23 combatants claim that M23 leaders summarily executed dozens of children who attempted to escape after being recruited as M23 child soldiers.

According to an 11 September 2012 report by Human Rights Watch (HRW), a Rwandan man, 18, who escaped after being forcibly recruited in Rwanda told HRW that he witnessed the execution of a 16-year-old boy from his M23 unit who had tried to flee in June. The boy was captured and beaten to death by M23 fighters in front of the other recruits. An M23 commander who ordered his killing then allegedly told the other recruits ‘[h]e wanted to abandon us,’ as an explanation for why the boy had been killed. The report also states that witnesses claimed that at least 33 new recruits and other M23 fighters were summarily executed when they attempted to flee. Some were tied up and shot in front of other recruits as an example of the punishment they could receive. One young recruit told HRW, ‘[w]hen we were with M23, they said [we had a choice] and could stay with them or we could die. Lots of people tried to escape. Some were found and then that was immediately their death.’

RUNIGA, Jean-Marie Lugerero Approximately 1960 A 9 July 2012 document signed by M23 leader Sultani Makenga named Runiga as the coordinator of the political wing of M23. According to the document, Runiga’s appointment was prompted by the need to ensure the visibility of the M23 cause. Runiga is named as the ‘President’ of the M23 in postings on the group’s website. His leadership role is corroborated by the November 2012 Group of Experts report, which refers to Runiga as the ‘leader of the M23’. 31.12.2012

According to a 13 December 2012 Associated Press article, Runiga showed the Associated Press a list of demands that he said will be presented to the Congolese government. Included in the demands are the resignation of Kabila and the dissolution of the national assembly. Runiga indicated that if given the opportunity, M23 could retake Goma. ‘And at this time we will not retreat,’ Runiga told the Associated Press. He also indicated that M23’s political branch should resume its control of Goma as a precondition to negotiations. ‘I think our members who are in Kampala represent us. In due time I will be there, too. I am waiting for things to be organised and when Kabila will be there, I will go, too,’ Runiga said.

According to a 26 November 2012Le Figaro article, Runiga met with DRC President Kabila on 24 November 2012 to begin discussions. Separately, in an interview with Le Figaro, Runiga stated, ‘M23 is composed primarily of former FARDC military members who defected to protest the non-respect of the 23 March 2009 accords.’ He added, ‘M23’s soldiers are deserters from the army who left with their arms in hand. Recently, we recovered a lot of equipment from a military base in Bunagana. For the moment, this allows us to regain territory each day and to repel all the attacks from the FARDC … Our revolution is Congolese, led by the Congolese, for the Congolese people.’ According to a 22 November 2012 Reuters article, Runiga stated that M23 had the capacity to hang on to Goma after M23’s forces were bolstered by mutinying Congolese soldiers from the FARDC: ‘Firstly we have a disciplined army, and also we have the FARDC soldiers who’ve joined us. They’re our brothers, they’ll be retrained and recycled then we’ll work with them.’

According to a 27 November 2012 article published in The Guardian, Runiga indicated that M23 would refuse to obey a call by regional leaders of the International Conference of the Great Lakes to leave Goma in order to pave the way for peace talks. Instead, Runiga stated that M23’s withdrawal from Goma would be the result, not a precondition, of negotiation. According to the 15 November 2012 Final Report of the Group of Experts, Runiga led a delegation that travelled to Kampala, Uganda on 29 July 2012 and finalised the M23 movement’s 21-point agenda ahead of anticipated negotiations at the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region. According to a 23 November 2012 BBC article, M23 was formed when former members of the CNDP who had been integrated into the FARDC began to protest against bad conditions and pay, and lack of full implementation of the 23 March 2009 peace deal between the CNDP and the DRC that led to the CNDP’s integration into the FARDC.

M23 has been engaged in active military operations in order to take control of territory in eastern DRC, according to the November 2012 IPIS report. M23 and FARDC fought over control of several towns and villages in eastern DRC on 24 July and 25 July 2012; M23 attacked the FARDC in Rumangabo on 26 July 2012; M23 drove FARDC from Kibumba on 17 November 2012; and M23 took control of Goma on 20 November 2012. According to the November 2012 Group of Experts report, several ex-M23 combatants claim that M23 leaders summarily executed dozens of children who attempted to escape after being recruited as M23 child soldiers.