31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/1
II
(Actswhosepublicationisnotobligatory)
COUNCIL
COUNCILDECISION
of10December1985
adoptingthe1986workprogrammefortheEuropeanStrategicProgrammeforResearchand
DevelopmentinInformationTechnologies(ESPRIT)
(85/558/EEC)
HASDECIDED ASFOLLOWS :
Article1
TheESPRITworkprogrammesetoutintheAnnexis
herebyadoptedfor1986.
Article2
Asatargetfigure,25%oftheCommunity'stotalcon­
tributiontonewprojectsmaybeallocatedtonewpro­
jectswhichfallbelowthethresholdreferredtointhe
thirdindentofArticle6(2)ofDecision84/130/EEC.THECOUNCILOFTHEEUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishingtheEuropean
EconomicCommunity ,
HavingregardtoCouncilDecision84/130/EECof
28February1984concerningaEuropeanprogramme
forresearchanddevelopment ininformationtechnol­
ogies(ESPRIT)('),andinparticularArticle3(2)
thereof,
Havingregardtothedraftworkprogrammesubmitted
bytheCommission ,
WhereastheCommitteereferredtoinArticle4ofDe­
cision84/130/EEChasbeenconsulted ;
Whereastheprojectsidentifiedfallwithintheareas
describedintheAnnextothatDecision;
WhereastheactualneedsregardingtheCommunity's
contributiontonewprojectsfallingbelowthethreshold
referredtointhethirdindentofArticle6(2)ofthe
abovementioned Decisionhavebeencarefullyana­
lysed,withtheresultthatacertainrangeofflexibilityis
required,Article3
ThisDecisionshalltakeeffecton1January1986.
DoneatBrussels,10December1985.
FortheCouncil
ThePresident
F.BODEN
{)OJNoL67,9.3.1984,p.54.

NoL365/2 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
ANNEX
ESPRIT1986WORKPROGRAMME
CONTENTS
0.INTRODUCTION 3
1.SUBPROGRAMME 1:ADVANCED MICROELECTRONICS 8
R&DAREAS 1.1.SubmicronMOS 9
1.2.SubmicronBipolar 10
1.3.ComputerAidedDesign(CAD) 12
1.4.CompoundSemiconductor IntegratedCircuits 15
1.5.Optoelectronics 17
1.6.AdvancedDisplayTechnologies 19
1.7.GeneralSupportingTopics 19
2.SUBPROGRAMME 2:SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 23
R&DAREAS 2.1.Theories,MethodsandTools 23
2.2.ManagementandIndustrialAspects 28
2.3.CommonEnvironment 29
2.4.EvaluationandDemonstration Projects 31
3.SUBPROGRAMME 3:ADVANCED INFORMATION PROCESSING 32
R&DAREAS 3.1.KnowledgeEngineering 32
3.2.AdvancedSignalProcessing ,includingMan-Machine Interfaces 35
3.3.InformationandKnowledgeStorage 38
3.4.ComputerArchitectures 39
3.5.DesignandSystemsAspects 41
3.6.FocussingProjects 42
4.SUBPROGRAMME 4:OFFICESYSTEMS 42
R&DAREAS 4.1.OfficeSystemScienceandHumanFactors 44
4.2.AdvancedWorkstations andHuman-Machine Interfaces 46
4.3.Communication Systems 51
4.4.AdvancedMulti-MediaStorageandRetrievalSystems
4.5.IntegratedOfficeInformationSystems 55
5.SUBPROGRAMME 5:COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURE 56
R&DAREAS 5.1.IntegratedSystemsArchitectures 56
5.2.ComputerAidedDesign&Engineering (CAD/CAE) 57
5.3.ComputerAidedManufacturing (CAM) 59
5.4.FlexibleManufacturing Systems 60
5.5.SubsystemsandComponents 62
5.6.CIMSystemsApplications 63

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/3
INTRODUCTION
ThissectionisanintegralpartoftheESPRIT1986Workprogramme andisnecessaryforits
properinterpretation .
torelateESPRITtotechnological pro­
grammesoutsidetheCommunity .01.BACKGROUND
TheEuropeanEconomicCommunity has
launchedtheEuropeanStrategicProgrammeof
ResearchandDevelopment inInformationTech­
nology(ESPRIT).TheESPRITProgramme is
intendedtopromoteprecompetitive andgeneric
researchanddevelopment ininformationtechnol­
ogythroughcollaborative projectswithinthe
EuropeanCommunitywhichtheCommunityshall
financeinpart.Amanagementplan,theannual
workprogramme ,hasbeenestablishedwithin
ESPRITtoenhancethecontrolandaccountability
oftheprogramme .UpdatedbytheCommissionin
consultationwiththeESPRITManagementCom­
mittee,eachyear,thedocumentissubmittedtothe
Councilforapproval .
Thisisthethirdsuchworkprogramme anditcov­
erstheperiod1986-1990 .0.3.LAYOUT
Aftertheintroductorysection,thedocumentisset
outinfivemainsectionscorresponding tothe
majortechnicalsubprogrammes ofESPRIT.
ThepartitioningofESPRITR&Dintofivesub­
programmes islargelydictatedbytheneedtobe
abletomanagethetaskfortheCommunity .In
practice,thetechnicalsubprogrammes areinterre­
latedandtheWorkprogramme indicatesthesigni­
ficantinterdependencies thatexist.
Eachsubprogramme issplitintoanumberof
R&Dareasandthesearefurthersubdividedinto
R&Dtopicsandprojects.
EachR&Dtopicisdiscussedindetail,indicating
theanticipatedcontinuationofworkfrompre­
viousyears(inthiscase1983and1984),andthe
workanticipatedtostartin1985.0.2.PURPOSE
ThepurposesoftheESPRIT1986Workpro­
grammeare:
—toserveasaguidelinetopotentialproposers
byindicatingtheintendedscopeofthetotal
ESPRITworkprogramme ;
—todescribeprojectareasandtheirinterrela­
tionships,andincludedescriptionsofcurrent
workcommencedasaresultofCallsforPro­
posalsin1984and1985;0.4.THEESPRITAPPROACH
TheapproachofESPRITistocreatethetechnol­
ogicalbasiswhichenablestheCommunitytoseize,
theopportunitiesassociatedwithnewinformation
technology(IT),tofostercooperationandtopave
thewaytostandardsofEuropeanorigin.
ESPRITistheCommunityprogrammewhichis
specificallydesignedforR&Dwherecollabora­
tionattheCommunitylevelispurposefuland
whichispre-competitive .Collaboration isinorder
toachievecriticalmassefforts,ortobringtogether
thenecessaryexpertiseotherwisescatteredinthe
Community ,ortocreatethepotentialtoenlarge
markets.Inadditionbyprovidingtheframework
forconcurrenttechnicalapproachesESPRIT
involvescollaboration betweencompaniesand
betweencompaniesanduniversities .—toprovideaframeworkforassessmentand
reviewofprojectsunderway,inorderto
appraisetheirprogressindividuallyandin
relationshipwitheachother;
—toactasareferencedocumentforconsidera­
tionsrelatingtocoordinatingactivitiesunder
ESPRITandunderotherCommunityand
nationalprogrammes ,andtoserveasabasis

NoL365/4 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
industrialaspectstoputtheseintothebusiness
andindustrialcontext,acommonintegratedsoft­
wareengineeringenvironmentandthedemon­
strationoftheeffectivenessofnewsoftwareprod­
uctionmethods.ESPRIT'sprecompetition requirement isforareas
wheremarketopportunities canbeseizedwithin
5-10years,andindoingsoESPRITstands
betweenbasicresearch,andappliedindustrial
researchanddevelopmentwork.Theformerisnot
normallydeterminedbyindustrialprioritiesand
thelatterrespondstospecificshorttermneeds.
IntheselectionanddefinitionofITareasthat
ESPRITshouldaddress,twoconsiderations have
beenimportant :
(i)tohavesufficientcommandofbasic
technologies ;
(ii)tohavesystemscapabilitieswhichareadapt­
abletochangingmarketneedstherebyper­
mittingtheknowledgeofmarketstohave
furtherinfluenceontechnologydevelopment .SUBPROGRAMME 3—ADVANCED
INFORMATION PROCESSING
Thissubprogramme isseekingmeansforimprov­
ingtheperformanceandefficiencyofcomputing
systemsbymakinguseofadvancesinfourkey
areas,namely,knowledgeengineering ,including
thedevelopmentofknowledgeacquisition,repre­
sentationandmanipulation techniques ;external
interfaces,dealingwiththerecognition ,under­
standingandsynthesisofsignals;informationand
knowledgestorage,theseadvancesarethedevelop­
mentsindataandknowledgebasesaswellasthe
techniquesofaccesstothesebases,anddealswith
architecturalcharacteristics andphysicalproper­
tiesofadvancedstoragedevices;computerarchi­
tecture,i.e.thedevelopment ofnewcomputer
architecturesandtheirassociatedprogramming
environments whereparticularemphasiswillbe
placedontheuseofconcurrency .Fiveareasorsubprogrammes areofstrategic
importancetotheCommunity .
SUBPROGRAMME I—ADVANCED
MICROELECTRONICS
AdvancedMicroelectronics inthecontextofthis
subprogramme encompasses allresearchand
developmentaspectsconcerningtheprovisionof
thephysicalelementsfortheacquisition,process­
ing,storage,transmissionanddisplayofdata
requiredbymoderninformaticsproducts.Itis
thusthehardwarefoundationoftheinformation
technologyindustry.
Thissubprogramme concentrates onthepriority
areasneededtoensurethatEuropemaintainsa
competitivepositionregardingthesupplyofthese
essentialingredientsforherITmanufacturing
industrywiththerequiredcapability,insufficient
quantityandatcompetitiveprices.SUBPROGRAMME 4—OFFICESYSTEMS
Thechallengesfacingofficesystemsdevelopment
includeunderstanding andsupportingthetasksof
officeworkersandnotsimplyprovidingatechnol­
ogicalupdateoftraditionalofficefunctions,
achievingimprovements inman-systeminterfaces
thatallowproductiveuseofofficesystemsbya
widerangeofofficeworkers,andthedevelopment
ofsystemorientedapproachestoofficeproblems.
Thesubprogramme hasbeendividedintofive
areas:
Officesystemscienceandhumanfactors
Advancedworkstations
Communication systems
Advancedfilingandretrievalsystems
Integratedofficesystems.SUBPROGRAMME 2—SOFTWARE
TECHNOLOGY
TheSoftwareTechnologysubprogramme aimsat
makingavailable,atCommunitylevel,efficient
andcost-effective methodsfortheindustrialprod­
uctionofhigh-qualitysoftware,andisintendedto
leadtomorerapidintroductionofnewproducts
andareductionoflife-cyclecostsinsoftware.
Workinthesubprogramme addressestheories,
methodsandtoolstoputsoftwareproductionona
soundengineeringbasis,projectmanagementandSUBPROGRAMME 5—COMPUTER
INTEGRATED MANUFACTURE
ThetwomainobjectivesoftheCIMsubpro­
grammeare:one,thecreation,intheCommunity ,

31.12.85 OfticialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/5
towardsstandardisation willbeguidedbythegen­
eralITstandardisation policyestablishedandnot
duplicateanyoftheexistingorganisations or
actions.
Thedissemination ofresultsofandinformation
acquisitionforESPRITisanimportantelementof
ESPRIT.Itsgoalsarethequickapplicationof
researchresultsfromESPRITinCommunity
industryandtoprovidethebestbasisfortheplan­
ningandmanagementoftheprogramme,andfor
projectparticipants .Forthispurpose;both
classicalmechanismslikepublications ;workshops
orconferencesandnewercommunication meth­
odsthroughelectronicmeans,forinstancethe
IES,areused.ofanenvironment inwhichmulti-vendor auto­
matedmanufacturing systemscanbeimplemented
withtheresultingintegratedsystemhavingmini­
mumfunctionaloverlapsandmaximumconnec­
tivity,andtwo,tosupportindividualworkon
selectedsubsystems ,interfacesandtoolswhose
developmentorrefinementisseentobeofstra­
tegicvaluetoCommunityindustry,andwhose
designaimsareconsistentwiththegeneralarchi­
tectureoftheenvironment .
Workinthesubprogramme relatestothetotal
requirementsofmanufacturing activities,fromthe
planninganddesignstagetoreal-timecontrolof
production .Itthenincludescomputer-aided
design(CAD),computer-aided engineering
(CAE),computer-aided manufacturing (CAM),
flexiblemachiningandassemblysystems,
robotics,testingandqualitycontrol.
0.6.TELECOMMUNICATIONS
WhentheESPRITplanswereoriginallydrawnup,
itwasrecognisedthattelecommunications formed
animportantpartofinformationtechnology .
However,thesubjectwasnotincludedatthat
time.
InSeptember1983,theCommissionprepareda
communication toCouncil,demonstrating the
increasingeconomicimportanceoftelecommuni­
cationsfortheeconomicdevelopment ofthe­
Community ,andproposingsixactionlinesinthis
field.
ThesecondlineofactioncallsforcooperativeR&
Dandworksharingatthepre-competitive stage.
In1984,theCommissioninitiatedaPlanning
ExerciseinTelecommunications (PET)incon­
junctionwithmajorEuropeancompaniesandthe
nationalPTTlaboratories .Theaimwastoassess
theadvantagesthatmightstemfromaCommunity
approachforidentifyingthetechnological
development needswhichhavetobesatisfiedto
makeavailableintheCommunitythecapacityof
establishingintegratedbroadbandcommunication
(IBC)in1995andonwards.
Asaresultofthisplanningexercise,theCommis­
sionhassubmittedtotheCouncilaproposalin
twoparts:
—DefinitionofanIBCreferencemodel,which
willbeusedtoidentifypreciselythesub­
sequentactionofanenvisagedR&Dpro­
grammeinTelecommunications ,aimingat
enablingtherealizationoftheIBC;
—Asetoftechnologyassessmentactivities,
primarilytosupportthedevelopmentofthe
referencemodel.
TheCouncilhasapprovedthisproposalinJuly
1985andtheDefinitionPhaseofaprogrammefor05.PROGRAMME EXECUTION AND
INfRASTRUCTURE
TheCommissionmanagesandmonitorstheexe­
cutionoftheprogramme .
Italsoisresponsiblefortheinfrastructure needed
forprogrammeexecution .Partofthisinfrastruc­
tureistheinformationexchangesystem(IES).
Anotherpartisthedissemination ofresultsand
reportsandtheacquisitionofinformation .Athird
partisconcernedwiththeinterrelationship
betweentheR&Dworkandstandardization
activities .
TheESPRITInformationExchangeSystem(IES)
servesasamanagement tool.TheIESisan
IT-baseddatacommunications systemforthe
exchangeofinformationbetweenseparatedparti­
cipantsinESPRITprojects,theirownmanage­
mentsandpolicymakingbodies,andtheCom­
munityandnationaladministrations involvedin
programmeorprojectmanagement .
IntheIESareatherearedevelopmentprojectsfor
instancedevelopingOSIconformantsoftwarefor
theinterconnection ofcomputingsystemsand
development facilities,serviceprojectsproviding
e.g.computerbasedmailandconferencing facili­
ties,andsupportprojectsstudyingkeyissuessuch
assecurity.
Anumberoftheresearchanddevelopment pro­
jectsinESPRITwilllaythescientificandtech­
nicalfoundations onwhichstandardization activi­
tieswillbebasedlater.Conversely ,somedemon­
strationsoftheinterworking ofstandardsmay
requireadditionalwork;thisworkwillbeconsid­
eredaspartoftheinfrastructure .Thework

NoL365/6 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
'ResearchinAdvancedCommunications in
Europe(RACE)'isnowinthelaunchingphase
andwilldrawontheresultsoftherelevant
ESPRITprojects;propercoordination between
thetwoprogrammeswillbeassured.salswaspublishedinSeptember1985toimprove
thecoverageoftheworkprogramme .
ForparticipationintheIESdevelopmentandser­
vices,acallforproposalswaspublishedon
14July1984andhasproduced25responseswhich
havebeenevaluated,andseveralcontractswere
let.
0.7.TYPESOFPROJECT
IntheESPRIT1986Workprogramme ,adistinc­
tionisdrawnbetweenTypeAandTypeBpro­
jects.
Thesearedefinedasfollows:
TypeAProjectsareprojectsthataredescribedin
theworkprogramme ,withspecifiedobjectives .
Theyusuallyrequirelargeresources,bothhuman
andfinancial,andconsiderableinfrastructure with
clearandconstantperspectives .
TypeBprojectsarecoveredby'researchthemes'
whichareindicativebutdonotformanexhaus­
tivelisting.Theyusuallyrequiresmallerresources
butnevertheless areasamenabletomilestone
managementandreviewcyclesasthelargerpro­
jects.0.9.WORKPROGRAMME COVERAGE AND
INTERPRETATION
The1986Workprogramme coverstheperiod
1986-1990 .Thisissufficientlylongtocoverthe
durationofthelongerprojects.However,informa­
tiontechnologyisrapidlyevolvingandtherefore
theR&Dobjectivesmaywellhavetobemodified
inthecourseofyearlyrevisions.
Inthe1986Workprogramme ,lessdetailis
includedonintermediate objectivescompared
with1985,sincemanyofthemareembeddedin
theongoingprojects.
Suchintermediateobjectivesweregiveninpre­
viousversionsoftheworkprogramme toprovide
theframeworkandreferenceforevaluation,pro­
permanagement,andfurtherrefinements .They
wereanestimateofhowtheoverallobjectivesof
theprojectmaybeachievedandtheywereindica­
torsandchecksagainstwhichconcreteproposals
forprojectswereexamined .Intermediate
objectivesshall,however,notberegardedas
legallymandatoryinthesensethatproposalshav­
ingperfectlyacceptableendobjectivesshouldnot
havetoberejectedonlybecausetheymayhave
beendesignedtorestondifferentintermediate
objectivesthantheonesproposedhere.
Withineachoftheseparatesubjectareasof
ESPRITthereexistprogrammesofworkwhich
maydependonskills,techniquesortechnologies
whicharebeingdevelopedwithinoneormoreof
theothersubjectareas.
Toaidthepresentation ,thedescriptionsofcurrent
workaretypographically distinguished inbold
face.Thesedescriptions arelocatedunderthe
mostappropriateheading,butitshouldberealized
thatinsomecasesprojectsformulatedinresponse
topreviousworkprogrammes overlapthesubject
boundariescurrentlyused.
Inthe1986Workprogramme ,projectdescriptions
forproposalsreceivedin1983/84havebeen
updatedcomparedwiththedescriptioninwork­
programme 1985.Theupdatescoverchanges
betweenproposalsforworkandfinallynegotiated
contracts.Also,resultsofon-goingworkare
reportedwhereappropriate .0.8.CURRENT STATEOFTHEPROGRAMME
Thisworkprogramme describesworkinprogress
asaresultofthe1984callforproposalsorabout
tostartasaresultofthe1985callforproposals.
Thestepsleadingtothisworkwereasfollows:
Anadvancenoticeforparticipation inthemain
ESPRITProgrammewaspublishedon30Decem­
ber1983.TheCouncilofMinistersapprovedthe
programmeforaninitialperiodoffiveyearson
28February,1984.The1984Workprogramme was
publishedintheOfficialJournaloftheEuropean
Communities .
Afirstcallforproposalsforthemainprogramme
wasissuedon21March1984.Nearly450propo­
salswerereceivedinresponseandwereevaluated
duringMayandJune1984.Ashortlistwas
selectedinJuly1984fordetailednegotiationsand
finalapproval.Inaddition,muchoftheworkcar­
riedoutundertheearlierPilotPhasewas
combinedwiththemainprogramme .
Asecondcallforproposalsledtoasimilarsequ­
enceofeventsin1985,with400responsesbeing
received,evaluatedandashortlistfornegotiations
agreedinJuly85.TostrengthentheSoftware
Technologyeffort,asupplementary callforpropo­

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/7
Thebestinformationonthe1985projectsavail­
ableatthetimeofwriting(October1985)hasbeen
incorporated inthe1986Workprogramme .How­
ever,itshouldbenotedthatatthetimethiswork­
programmewasdraftedtheCommissionhadnot
yetconcludedfinalnegotationsonallthiswork
andsomemodifications mayprovenecessaryin
somecases.
The1986workprogramme ,showsthat,whilethe
technicalareasselectedforthefirstphaseof
ESPRIThavebeencoveredtoasignificantextent,
someimportantareasstillremain.Theyareidenti­
fiedintheworkprogramme ,chapterbychapter,
underthesubheading'Scopeforfurtherwork'.
Call(s)forproposalstobepublishedin1986will
beeitherforaselectionofworkstillnotcovered.orforworkallocatedtoprojectsthathavetermi­
natedprematurely ,providedthetopiccontinuesto
havepriorityfortheattainmentoftheESPRIT
goals.Itisintendedthattheprojectsretainedafter
thesecallsshouldstrengthenparticularlythecoh­
erenceoftheworkinESPRITandbringitcloser
toreachingthestrategicobjectives .
Suchcall(s)willbefocussedandinvolvesmaller
resourcesthanthelargercallsforproposalsmade
inpreviousyears.Onlyaselectionoftheareas
mentionedinthisworkprogramme aspotentially
suitablewillbeincludedinsuchcalls.
Intendingproposersshouldthereforeawaitthe
publicationofthemoredetailedcall(s).Theywill
specifythenecessaryinformation .
0.10.RESOURCES BREAKDOWN
ThebreakdownoftheoverallESPRITresourcesbetweenthesubprogrammes issubject
tomodification inthelightoffurthertechnological evolutionintheworld.Inparti­
cular,inthelightoftheindustryresponsetocallsforproposals,itmustbepossibleto
transferresourcesbetweenthevarioussubprogrammes —afterallthepartitioningof
ESPRITintofiveareasisamanagementconvenienceandisnotintrinsictothenature
ofthework.
TheresultingapproximatedistributionofCommunitycontributiontothefivetechnical
areas(inMECU)allocatedsofarforsupportofprojectsassumingthattheyruntotheir
plannedcompletion ,isasfollows:
SubprogrammeYearofcallforproposals
TotalPercentageof
total1983/84 1985
1.Microelectronics 85.5 76.5 162.0 24.2
2.Softwaretechnology 72.9 56.6 129.5 19.3
3.AIP 89.8 65.0 154.8 23.0
4.Officesystem 82.6 54.6 137.2 20.5
5.C1M 45.2 41.2 86.4 13.0
Total 376.0 293.9 669.9 100.0
Theseallocationsshowsomechangescomparedtothepreviousperiodsduetoearlier
workbeingresubmittedsubsequently inmodifiedformunderalateryear'scall.
Theyhavethestatusofplanningfiguresandarederivedonthebasisoftheactualsetof
projectscurrentlyunderwayorundernegotiation .Theywillneedtobeupdatedas
changesarereportedintheprojectandcontractstatusofthetechnicalareas.However
theintentionistomaintaintheapproximatedistributionbetweenthefiveareas.

NoL365/8 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
Notes:
(1)Thefiguresfor1983/1984combinethecontributions to1983PilotProjectsandto
projectsstartedasaresultofthefirstcallforproposalsonthemainprogrammein
1984.
(2)Thefiguresfor1985aretargetfiguresandmayneedadjustmentinthelightoffinal
contractnegotiations .
(3)TheSoftwareTechnologyfigurefor1985includesanallowancetocoverthesup­
plementarycallforproposals .
(4)Thefiguresexcludeanyexpenditureonmanagementandinfrastructure .
SUBPROGRAM ME1:
ADVANCED MICROELECTRONICS
designcomplexityeffectivelyisthemaingoalofCom­
puterAidedDesign(CAD)ofVLSISystems,thesub­
jectofarea1.3.FivenewAprojectsarecurrentlyunder
negotiationinthisarea.1.0.Introduction
AdvancedMicroelectronics inthecontextofthissub­
programme,encompassesallresearchanddevelopment
aspectsconcerningtheprovisionofthephysicalele­
mentsfortheacquisition,processing,storage,transmis­
sionanddisplayofdatarequiredbymoderninformat­
icsproducts;itisthusthehardwarefoundationofthe
InformationTechnologyindustry.
Thissubprogramme concentratesonthepriorityareas
neededtoensurethatEuropemaintainsacompetitive
positionregardingthesupplyoftheseessentialingre­
dientsforherITmanufacturing industrywiththe
requiredcapability,insufficientquantityandatcom­
petitiveprices.Area1.5isconcernedwiththepossibilitiesaffordedby
optoelectronics devicesespeciallyinthedatatransmis­
sionfield.TheongoingAprojectinthisareawillbe
updatedandimprovedbynewconceptsasaresultof2
proposalsinthe1985call.AnewBprojectisalsocur­
rentlyundernegotiation .
Advanceddisplaytechnologies isthesubjectofarea
1.6.Thisoffersthepossibilityofreplacingtheubiqui­
tousCRT,asthemainvehicleforlargescaledisplay,
bymorecompactsolidstatebasedcounterparts .One
newBprojectiscurrentlyundernegotiation .
Areas1.8and1.9oftheprevious(85)workplanhave
beensubsumedintoanewarea1.7.Hereresearch
themesarebroughttogetherwhicharemoreinnovative
orlongertermthanthosecontainedinthetopicareas1
to6aswellascriticalareasoftechnologyandtech­
niqueswithacommontrunk.Topicshereinclude
packaging,devicemodellingandspecialprocessing
materialsandtechniques .Overviewofthesubprogramme areas
Themajorthrustoftheresearchanddevelopmentpro­
grammeswithinMicroelectronics istopushthesilicon
basedtechnologiesofMOSandBipolartowardstheir
limitsofcapabilities(areas1.1and1.2)whilstpursuing
thepossibilitiesaffordedbythecompoundsemicon­
ductormaterials,suchasGalliumArsenide(area1.4),
whichhavepotentialcapabilitiesinkeyareasbeyond
thosepossibleusingsilicon.Inareas1.1and1.2,four
newBprojectsareundernegotiation ,twoineacharea.
Inarea1.4,onenewAprojectandtwonewBprojects
areundernegotiation .
Apartfromacapabilitytoproducehighfunctioncount
chips,itisalsonecessarytodealwiththeproblems
posedbythecomplexityoftheirdesign.ManagingthisComputercontrolofmanufacturing VLSIisalso
neededtosupportthetechnologyprogrammes .Here
reductioninfeaturesizeandlayerthicknessplaces
increasingdemandsonprocesscontrolwherethefinal

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/9
1.1.2.Currentprojectsandprojectsundernegotiation
SOIMaterialsandProcessingtowards3DIntegration'deviceparametersaredependentonalargenumberof
variables.Theminimizationofhumanhandlingandan
attackonthesourcesofyieldlimitingcontamination
arecriticalinthissituation.Foragivenlevelofcon­
tamination,yieldfallsrapidlyasfeaturesizeisreduced.
Theseproblemscouldbeaddressedbyappropriate
typeBprojectsinthisarea.
Theaboveisalsoanexampleofwherecross-subpro­
grammecooperationcouldbeofgreatvalue.Coopera­
tionwithCIMprojectsaddressingsimilarproblems
shouldbeencouraged .Proj.Ref245:A/84
Theaimofthiscooperativeresearchistostudyand
developnewsilicontechnologiesnecessaryforthree
dimensionalintegration .This3Dapproachwillofferthe
possibilityofhigherdensityintegration ,higherspeedof
operationandmultifunctional signalprocessing .Three
maintechnologicalstepswillbeexplored:
a)thegrowthofSOIactivelayershavingelectronic
propertiesneededfortherealizationofhighquality
devicesandcircuits
b)thestackingoftwoactivelevelsinawaythatavoids
anydegradationofalreadybuiltdevices
c)thesinglelevelSOIprocessingforthefabricationof
individualcomponentsandfortheirconnection;the
developmentofacompleteprocessincorporating two
activelayers.7newprojectsarecurrentlybeingnegotiatedinarea
1.7.
R&Darea1.1:SubmicronMOS
Therequirementistodevelopalltheindividualprocess
stepstoachievesubmicronfeaturesizeinMOS(such
aslithography,etchinganddoping).Thetargetisapro­
cesscapableofmakingseveralmillioncomponentsof
logicandmemoryperchip.Itisenvisagedthatbelow
about0,7µmtoolsotherthanopticallithographywill
beused.Processanddevicemodellingwillbe
included.Toachievethesegoalsthecriticaltechniques
commontoR&Dareas1.1and1.2needtobedevel­
oped(seearea1.7).'SubmicronCMOSTechnology'
Proj.Ref.554:A/84
Theprojectaimsatdevelopingthenecessarybuilding
blocksfora0.5µmCMOSprocess,primarilydedicated
totheproductionofhighspeeddigitalcircuits.Inorder
toallowtheprogrammetoproceedwiththebestchances
ofsuccess,twomainphaseshavebeenidentifiedand
organised:thefirstreferstoanintermediatestepatthe
1.0µmlevel;thesecondtothefinal0.5jumCMOS
family.Attheendoftheproject,theICcompaniesofthe
consortiumwillhave,intheirpilotlines,thebuilding
blocksofaCMOSprocesscapableofrealisingIC'swith
0.5umfeatures.
TwoworkpackagesofProject554abovearelikelytobe
expandedbytheadditionofthefollowingtwoprojects:1.1.1.Objectives:
Themainobjectivesofthebroad5-yearprogramme
are:
—at18months:designandevaluationoftestvehicle
ofmorethan1000transistorsbasedon1µm
designruleswithapitch(metalplusspacing)of3
µm.
—at3years:firstsamplesofdemonstration circuit
with0,5milliontransistors,1^mdesignrules,with
dataonfigureofmeritanddelaytime.
—at4years:statisticaldataonhomogeneity ona
sliceandyieldfor1µmdesignrules;andtest
vehiclewithmorethan1000transistorswith0,7
µmdesignrulesandapitchof2µm.
—at5years:firstsamplesofcircuitswithmorethan1
000000transistors,0,7µmdesignrules,withdata
onfigureofmeritanddelaytime.'SubmicronContactTechnologyandReliability'
Proj.Ref.810:B/85
Theworkaimsatdevelopingsuitablecontacttechnolo­
giescompatiblewithCMOSandbipolarcircuitfabrica­
tionwithonemicronorsubmicrondesignrules.

NoL365/10 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
IGandepiprocessshouldeventuallymatchtohave
intrinsically-gettered ,lowleakageepiwafersfor
submicronCMOSdevicesinsensitivetosofterrors.litecontactpropertiesarebeinginvestigatedandlife
testsundervariousstresses,usingextensivefailureana­
lysis,arebeingcarriedout,toassessquantitatively ,the
contactperformanceandreliability.
'RefractoryMetalGateTransistor'1.1.3.Scopeforfurtherwork
Thisareaiswellcoveredbyprojectsretainedandis
unlikelytobeconsideredforinclusionincall(s)for
proposalstobepublishedin1986.Proj.Ref.1125:B/85
Theworkdealswiththeuseoftungstenasgatematerial:
sputteringorchemicalvapourdepositionwillbeinvesti­
gatedandcompared;differentgatesstructuressuchas
pureW,Wonpolysiliconorotherpadlayerswillbe
studied.EmphasiswillbeputonW-oxide—Sidevices
characterization andreliability .However,process
changesrequiredforWusagewillalsobeaddressedand
setuponasubmicronicdemonstrator circuit.
'Physical-chemical Characterization ofSilicon
OxynitridesinRelationtotheirElectronicProperties '
Proj.Ref369:B/84R&DArea1.2:Submicronbipolar
Theoverallobjectiveistodevelopspecificbipolarsub­
micronprocesssteps,leadingtoacompleteprocessing
sequenceforveryhighperformanceICs.
Torealizethisobjectivethefollowingdevelopments
areincludedintheprojectarea:
—overallcircuitconceptswhichmustevolvetogether
withthetechnology ;
—averticaldevicestructureappropriatetosubmicron
lithography ;
—aconvenient multilayer interconnection
technology ;
—asuitablecontactandmultilayerinterconnection
technology ;
—appropriatehighdissipation,highpincount,
electricallymatchedleads,packages;
—processanddevicemodelling .
Criticaltechniquesneededtosupportareas1.1and1.2
arecoveredinarea1.7.Theaimoftheprojectisfirstlytoestablishtherelation
betweenthephysico-chemical andtheelectricalproperties
ofsiliconoxynitridefilmandsecondlytherelation
betweenthephysico-chemical propertiesandthegrowth
parameters .Thisresearchwillbecarriedoutinviewof
thelikelyapplicationsofsiliconoxynitridesinICtechnol­
ogy,forinstanceinMNOSbasednon-volatilememories
andinsubmicronMOSdevices.
'SubstratesforCMOSVLSITechnology '
Proj.Ref509:B/84
Part1:Tosetupanintrinsicgettering(IG)processfor
waferswithmediumhighoxygenconcentration .Thepro­
cessshouldbeindependentofthetype,porn,ofthesub­
strateandshouldbeabletoproduce:
—ahighlydefectivebulkregion
—adefect-freedenudedzone
Athicknessofthiszonearound1-10umisidentifiedas
anoptimumcompromiseforseveralfactors(leakagecur­
rent,insensitivitytolatchupandsofterror).
Part2:Tocharacteriseepiwaferswithdiameter4and6
inches.Thethicknessoftheepilayershouldbeinthe
range5-10um,bothforp+andn+substrates .This
thicknessrangeissuitableforsubmicronCMOS.Finally,1.2.1.Objectives:
Themainobjectivesoftheprogrammeover5yearsare:
—at1year:initialprocessdesign;evaluationand
choiceofcriticalequipment .
—at2years:establishfinaldesignrulesat1um.
—at3years:demonstrate 1um10/20Kgates,100ps
gatedelaycircuits.
—at4years:establishfinaldesignrulesfor0,7um
structures .
—at5years:Availabilityoffirstsamplesof20/50K
gatecircuitsin0,7umprocess.

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/11
timesoflessthan100psandtheintegrationof50Kgates
inanareaofabout100mm2.Thereforeitisnecessaryto
reducethestructuredimensionstolessthan1/umto
developasuitabletransistorstructureandamultilayer
metallizationuptofivelayers.ThefeasibilityofIC'swith
theindicatedintegrationlevelbymeansofthisprocess
willbedemonstratedattheendoftheprojectbyanade­
quatetestvehicle(demonstration chip).
Previouslythestateoftechnologydevelopmentwillbe
demonstratedatappropriatestagesby2moredemon­
strationchips.Thefirstdemonstration chipwillbea
ECL-GateArraywithabout1OKgates.Itischaracter­
izedbythefollowingfeatures:
Aselfaligningemitter-basestructurewithpoly-Si-emitter
and-basewillbeusedforthetransistor .Performance
advantagesresultfromareductionofthetransistorarea
duetoselfaligningprocessing ,frompolySi-emitterand
fromlowerbaseresistance .Typicaldelayandspeed
powerproductis200psand0,7pJ,respectively .Three
layersofmetallizationareprovidedforwiringandpower
distributionusinganorganic/inorganicsandwichforthe
isolationlayer.Themetalpitchwillbe6uminthefirst
layer(withoutvias).Thechipareawillbeabout150mm2
andthepowerconsumption willbetypically23W.The
plannedpackagingisbasedonaTABprocesswithacap­
tonfilminthestandard35mmsize.1.2.2.Currentprojectsandprojectsundernegotiation
'SubmicronBipolarTechnology—/'
Pro).Ref.243:A/84
Theoverallobjectiveofthisprogrammeistodevelopspe­
cificbipolarsubmicronprocessstepsleadingtocomplete
processingsequencesforthemanufactureofveryhigh
performanceintegratedcircuits.Acommontestmask
andcommontestprocedureshavealreadybeendefined
andagreedbetweenthepartnersinordertoprovidesuit­
ableenvironmentandcomparisonbasisforeffectivecol­
laborativework.Twomainmilestonesaredefinedinthe
programmeofwork:
a)endof1987,intermediate 1umprocess;demonstra­
tionofagatedelayofabout100pSatacomplexity
ofJOto20Kgates.
h)endof1989,submicronprocess;
demonstrationofagatedelaylessthan100pSata
complexitygreaterthan20Kgates.
TwoworkpackagesofprojectNo.243abovearelikelyto
heexpandedbythefollowingtwoprojects:
'VeryHighPerformanceBipolarStructure'
Proj.Ref1018:B/85
Theaimoftheworkistodevelopandoptimizeprocessing
schemesforasidewallbasecontactstructureasacom­
plementtothesubmicronbipolarstructuresdevelopedin
SubmicronbipolarTechnology—/'.
HighPerformancePolymersforMultilayerInterconnec­
tionInsulation'
Proj.Ref.1025:B85
Theworkconcernstheresearchanddevelopmentofhigh
performancepolymersforintermetallicinsulationlayer
withorwithoutphotocrosslinking potentiality .Thesehigh
performancepolymerswouldbepolyimidebasedresins
andwouldexhibit
a)Highthermalandchemicalresistance:
b)Highmechanicalanddielectricpropertiestogether
withsuitableetchingresistance .
SubmicronBipolarTechnology—II'
Proj.Ref.281:A/84
Theprojectfocussesonthedevelopmentofabipolartech­
nologyforhighspeeddataandsignalprocessingprod­
ucts.ThistechnologywillallowtherealizationofdelayAtthetimebeing,mostoftheactivitiescarriedoutwithin
thescopeoftheprojectconcentrateonprocessdevelop­
mentforrealizingthefirstdemonstration chip.Anexact
definitionoftheseconddemonstration chipwillbe
providedattheendofthesecondyearofdevelopment
work.
'AHighPerformanceCMOSBipolarProcessforVLSI
Circuits'
Proj.Ref.412:A/84
ThisprojectaimsatthedevelopmentofaVLSItechnol­
ogywhichcombines,onasinglechip,MOScircuitryof
thehighestdensitypresentlyobtainable ,withbipolar
circuitryofsimilardensity,butbettersuitedtospecific
tasks,inparticular,theinterfacingwithexternalequip­
ment.Intheprojectthemaineffortwillfallonthetech­
nologicalside:developmentofmethodswhichallowboth
bipolarandMOStransistorstobemadeincompatible
processsteps,andthisdowntodimensionscomparableto
thosepresentlyobtainedinMOS-onlytechnology .In
parallelwiththistechnologicalworkdesignmethodshave
tobedevelopedforthespecifictypeofcircuitryenvisaged ,
alongwithastudytodetermine ,forvarioustypesof
application ,themostappropriatedivisionofsubsystems
betweenthetwocircuittechnologies .

NoL365/12 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
1.2.3.Scopeforfurtherwork
Thisareaiswellcoveredbyprojectsretainedandis
unlikelytobeconsideredforinclusionincall(s)for
proposalstobepublishedin1986.jectsconcernedwiththedevelopmentofnewVLSI
processes(seeareas1.1,1.2and1.7);howevercom­
patibilitywithCADisrequired .
(d)Careshouldbetakentopromotecooperative
development betweenuniversities ,industrial
groupsandresearchinstitutionsinordertotransfer
know-howandmakeCADavailabletoabroader
community .
(e)Carewillbetakentointerfacewith,supportand
employtheresultsofotherESPRITactivities.
(0theapplicationofknowledgeengineeringtech­
niquestoCADshouldbeemphasised .
(g)dedicatedCADhardwareshouldbeincorporated
whereappropriate .
(h)thereisavitalneedtoincorporatetheresultsof
currentEuropeanprojectswhichareinmostcases
difficulttoquantify.R&Darea1.3.:CAD
1,3.1.Objectives
Thetwoprimaryobjectivesare:
(a)todevelopadvancedCADtechniquestomanage
theeverincreasingcircuitcomplexities within
microelectronics ;
(b)toprovideacapabilityforcomplexVLSIdesign
whichiswidelyaccessibletotheEECITcom­
munity.
1.3.2.Currentprojectsandprojectsundernegotiation
'HighLevelCADforInter-activeLayoutandDesign'Theoverallaimistodevelopwithinacommonframe­
workanintegratedsetofportabletoolscapableof
handlingVLSIcircuitscontaininguptoseveral
millioncomponents .Thissetoftoolsshould:
—provideafastresponse,userfriendlydesignfacility
thatisreadilyadaptabletochangesintechnology ;
—-allowdesignerstoachievearapidturnaroundof
validandtestabledesignsandassociatedtestinfor­
mation;
—-providefacilitiesforreliabilityandperformance
optimizationofcircuits;
—includemethodologies ofcell-baseddesignand
librariesofadaptablebuildingblocks;
—assimilaterelevantresultsofCADprojectsunder
Regulation(EEC)3744/81.Proj.Ref10:A/83
Followingthecompletionofthepilotphaseworkhas
commencedonthemainphaseojthehighlevelCADpro­
ject.Themaintopicsunderinvestigationincludehigh
leveldesignmethodologybasedonPetrinets,hierarchic
floorplanning withahighdegreeofautomation ,ana­
logueandgeneralcelldesign,datamodellinganddata
basemanagement .
Anintroductorymanualonhighleveldesignhasbeen
issuedandcontainsmostofthepartners,ideasonthe
applicationofPetrinetstothedesignofconcurrent
systems.Thiswillbeupdatedatperiodsofaboutsix
months.
Areviewofplacementalgorithmshasbeenmadeand
proposalsweremadeforthedevelopmentofahierarchic
floorplanner .Automationwillbeprovidedbymeansof
constructiveplacementandsimulatedannealingalgo­
rithms.Theactivitiesonthetaskofcellbuildinghave
achievedasafirstresult,adesignsystemforcomputer­
aidednominaldesignofcellstobeusedwithinVLSIcir­
cuits.Anewdesignmethodhasbeenestablishedforthe
taskofdesigningintegratedcircuitsattransistorlevel.
FutureworkwillconcentratemoreonthedevelopmentofStrategy
(a)Apositiveattemptshouldbemadetoencourage
theemergenceofanoverallCADinfrastructure
suchthatthemajorityoftoolsdevelopedunder
existingprogrammestogetherwithfuturetoolscan
becombinedtoprovideanintegratedwidelyacces­
sibletoolcapability.
(b)Asfaraspossible,complexdemonstratorchipswill
beusedasafocusforeachstageoftheprogramme .
(c)Deviceandprocessmodellingisnotconsideredas
partoftheCADprojectsbutisincludedinthepro­

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/13
theappropriatesoftwaretoolsandtheirintegration
aroundacommondatabase.
'AdvancedAlgorithms,ArchitectureandLayoutTech­
niquesforVLSIDedicatedSignalProcessingChips'
Proj.Ref.97:A/83
ThemaingoalofthisprojectistodevelopCADsystems
fordesigningcustomintegratedsignalprocessingchips
basedonfourdifferenttargetarchitecturetypes
(a)hardwiredbit-serial,
(b)hardwiredbit-parallel .
(c)systolicarraysandofSAILPLANE (anewlimitcycleanalysistool)andthe
finalversionofCANDI(coefficientoptimizationtool)will
bedelivered.Theresultsofadesignexercisefortype(d)
architectureswillbecompiled.Tosupportsiliconintegra­
tionoftype(b)andtype(d)archtecturesthealpha-ver­
sionsofadata-pathcompilerandacontrollercompiler
willbedelivered.FurtherprogressonversionV.IIofthe
standardplacementandroutingtoolCALMPwillbe
made.
'HighYieldHighReliabilityUltra-largeScale
IntegrationSystemThroughReconfigurability '
Proj.Ref244:B/84
Project244aimstoproduceultralargescaleintegrated
circuitsofonemilliontransistorswithastandard2um
CMOStechnology ,byusingdefecttolerantarchitecture ,
configuredattheendofthemanufacturing cycle.Redun­
dancyintroducesnewconstraintsonthedesign,forinst­
ance,eachoftheelementalblocksofthedesignmustbe
easilytestableandrepairable,whilsttheincreaseinarea
ofthesiliconshouldnotexceed300/o.SpecificCADtools
havetobedevelopedtoallowtheefficientuseofdefect
tolerantarchitectures .Thetoolsshouldhelpwithsuch
topicsas:yieldestimation ,teststrategyandtestability,
floorplanning,sizingandpincount,redundancy ,lan­
guageforcircuitrepresentationandformalverification .
ImprovementofYieldandPerformanceofICsbyDesign
Centering'
Proj.Ref.456:B/84
Duringthefirst6monthsoftheproject,workhasbeen
doneonthefollowingtasks:
1.Development ofayieldandperformance
optimizationprogram.
2.Studyofpre-andpostprocessorsfortheschematic
inputofcircuits.
3.Improvementoftransistormodels.
4.Determinationofparameterdeviationsandcorrela­
tions.(d)customizedbus-orientedmultiprocessors .
Foreacharchitecturetype,industrialdesignexperienceis
accumulatedthroughtheactualdesignofintegrated
circuits.Fromthisexperienceageneralmethodology is
derived,whichspecifies
(1)howagivendigitalsignalprocessingalgorithmcan
beimplementedwiththetargetarchitecture ,
(2)howthearchitecturecanbeintegratedinSilicon
usingapre-definedcircuitcelllibrary.Onceadesign
methodologyhasbeendefined ,specificationsare
derivedforCADtoolstoperformvariousdesign
tasks.Themajoreffortistheninvestedtodevelop
thesetoolsanddesignthecircuitcells.
TheCADtoolAMAI.provingthefeasibilityoftheabove
approach,wasdeveloped .ItfitstogetherwithCADtools
developedonthepilotphasetoformacompletedesign
systemforhardwiredbit-serialarchitectures .Thisdesign
system,cancompletelyautomatethedesignofcomplex
integratedcircuitdigitalfilterswithadesigntimeofless
thataweek.ThisCADsystemhasbeensuccessfully
appliedtothedesignofaPCM-FDMTransmultiplexer
withacomplexityof35000transistors .
Inordertosetupdesignmethodologiesfortheother
threearchitecturetypes(b)-(d)mentionedabove,another
milestonehasbeenthesuccessfulorganizationof5tech­
nicalworkshopsatvariouspartnersites.Theseworkshops
havehelpedtofurtherstimulatethepartnerinteraction
whichhadalreadystartedinthepilotphase.Activework­
groupshavebeenformedwithtechnicalpersonnelfrom
differentpartnersites,whicharecarryingoutjoint
researchactivities.
Intheworkforecastedtobereadybythetimethework­
planispublished,themilestoneswhichwillbereached
aresummarized here.
Designmethodologiesforarchitecturetypes(b)and(d)
willbedeveloped .Thebeta-versionofthefiltersynthesis
programFALCONwillbedelivered.Thealpha-versionDuringthatperiodthepartnershaveachievedthejollow­
ingresults:
1.Developmentofinterfacestotransferthedataofthe
approximationanddesigncenteringprogramstothe
programSPICE.
2.Linkingoftheapproximation anddesigncentering
programstothemodifiednetworkanalysisprogram.
3.Investigationoftheschematicinputofcircuits(SDS
andPCAD).
4.DevelopmentofanewMOStransistormodel.

NoL365/14 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
5.Investigation ofparameterdeviationsandcorrela­
tionsintheproductionofBipolarandMOSICs.
Duringthefollowing6monthstheprojectwillhavecarforebewidelyacceptabletodevelopersofpresentand
futureCADsystems.
'AdvancedIntegratedCircuitDesignAids(AIDA)'
Proj.Ref888:A/85riedoutthefollowingtasks:
1.Improvementofthelinkbetweendesigncentering
andnetworkanalysisprograms .
2.Developmentofaninterpreterforthecalculationof
circuitcharacteristics .
3.Definitionofapreprocessorforschematicinputof
circuitsintheoptimizationprogram.
4.Establishment ofcomputercontrolledparameter
measuringsystems.
5.ReductionofCPUtimeforthecalculationofthenew
MOStransistormodelequations .
CVS(CADforVLSISystems)'
Proj.Ref802:A/85
TheaimoftheCVSprojectistoimplementanintegrated
CADsystemcapableofcopingwiththeneedsofthe
1990s,whentheimprovementsofthesemiconductor tech­
nologywillconsenttoproducechipsofabout1million
transistorcomplexity .SuchaCADsystemmustleadtoa
factor10improvement indesigntime,basedonnovel
toolsforarchitecturesynthesisconnectedwithparame­
trizeddigital/analoguecellimplementations techniques.
CVSdrawsheavilyonresultsfromtheexistingprojects
CVT(Microelectronics Programme3744/81,MR-04­
CVT)andSPECTRE(ESPRITProjectNo554)AIDAintendstoexploretheapplicationofmodernpro­
grammingtechniquesandknowledgebaseengineeringto
CADtooldevelopment .Itwillconstituteadesign
assistantthatproposessolutionsratherthanrecordand
validatethedesigner'sideas.Thisallowsthedesignerto
applyhiscreativitywhereitismostefficientleadingto
improveddesignquality.
Researchanddevelopmentworkwillbedone,applying
modernprogramming techniques(e.g.thosedeveloped
forexpertsystems)toVLSI-CADtools.Thepotential
contributionofthesetechniquesistwofold:
1.Thebasictechniquesmaybeusedtomakenewtools,
muchmoreefficientthanclassicalones.
2.Thebasicintegratedcircuitdesignknowledgemaybe
recordedintothemachine,andusedby"expert"
modules,underthecontrolofasystemdesigner.
AIDAprojectintendtoexplorethesetwodomains,to
developexperimentaltoolsusingthesetechniques ,andto
experimentonrealindustrialcasestodemonstratethe
benefittheycouldgive.
'CooperativeDevelopmentofanIntegrated ,Hierarchical
andMultiviewVLSI-DesignSystemwithDistributed
Management onWorkstations '
Proj.Ref991:A/85
Thisprojectaimsatthedevelopmentofacomplete,inte­
grated,openandcosteffectivedesignsystemonalarge
varietyofintelligentworkstations .Theworkisanexten­
sionofprojectMR-09-DFTundertheMicroelectronics
Programme3744/81andfocussesonfunctionaldata
models,distributeddatamanagements ,verificationof
submicronstructures ,advancedmultilevelsimulationas
wellasself-testing/faulttolerantsynthesistechniques .
Commercialexploitationisenvisaged.
'KnowledgeBasedDesignAssistantforModularVLSI
Design'
Proj.Ref.1058:A/85
Complementary projectwith887
Thegoaloftheprojectisthedevelopmentofaninterac­
tiveknowledgebasedsystemforverificationofelectrical,'EuropeanCADIntegrationProject(ECIP)'
Proj.Ref.887:A/85
Complementary projectwith1058
ECIPaddressestheareaofdataexchangeandinfra­
structurestandardswiththeobjectiveofdefiningand
promotingstandardswithintheEuropeanITindustry.
TheabilitytoreadilyinterchangedataandCADtools
betweencompaniesseemsakeyareaforbringinginto
practicalrealitymanyofthebenefitsofcollaborativetool
development inEuropeandformakingavailablethe
resultsofESPRITtothewiderEuropeanITcommunity .
EffectiveliaisonbetweentheECIPprojectandallother
ESPRITCADprojectswillbeestablishedensuringtrans­
ferofexperienceinbothdirections .Inparticular,thepro­
ject1058whichdevelopsadvancedtoolswillbecomple­
mentarytotheECIPproject.Inthiswayitwillbe
ensuredthatthestandardsdevelopedinECIParebased
onawideexperienceofrequirementsandshouldthere­

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/15
functionalandtimingcorrectnessofflexibleVLSImod­
ulesasgeneratedbysiliconcompilers .Thesystemis
highlyinteractiveduringthemoduledesignphase.inmaterialspreparation,ion—implantation ,andIC
processtechnologies .
Duringthecallofamodulebythefloorplanning pro­
gram,thesystemisdrivenbyarulebasedexpertsystem
ofwhichbothanengineeringworkstationversionaswell
asanadvancedLISPmachinebasedversionwillbe
developed .Averificationspeedof20000transistors/hr
onaworkstationisprojected .Thesystemalsoautomati­
callycallsanovelwaveformrelaxationswitch-circuitlevel
simulatorimplemented onamultiprocessor hardware
accelerator .Thiswillleadto100...300timesSPICEper­
formanceandwillallowforefficientandaccuratesimu­
lationofupto4000transistorcircuits.Moreover ,anew
interactivemode,basedonthewaveformanalysistech­
nique,willallowfor'realtime'userinteractionsupported
byanadvancedmultiwindowuserinterface.Theadapta­
tionofaregister-transfer-functional switchlevelsimula­
tortothehardwareacceleratorwillbeinvestigated .A
knowledgebasedextractorwillprovidealinktosym­
bolic/proceduralmodulelayoutgenerators .1.4.1.Objectives
Thespecificobjectivesofthisprogrammeare:
—at1year:demonstratefeasibilityofMESFET
basedcircuitswith1000gatesandgatedelay(tpd)
oflessthan100ps.Also,demonstratebasicHJBT
and/orHEMTcircuits(otherthanringoscillators).
—at2years:demonstrateatleastIKmemory(less
than1nsaccesstime,lessthan500mWdissipa­
tion)and/orequivalentcomplexitycircuits.
Demonstratefeasibilityof100gatesHEMTand/or
HJBTcircuits.
—at3years:evaluateyieldonademonstrator circuit
ofIKorequivalentcomplexity,onatleast10
wafers.Demonstrate feasibilityofIKHEMT
memoryand/orcomparableHJBTcircuit.Com­
parisonofvarioustechnologies (ifpossiblewith
thesamecircuitforeachtechnology).Decisionfor
selectingoneoutofthem.
—at4years:demonstrate 16Kmemory(orequiva­
lent)intheselectedtechnology .Asacomplementary projectto887(ECIP),itwillensure
thatthestandardspromotedbyECIPwillkeepfuture
developments inCADforVLSIpossible.
1.3.3.Scopeforfurtherwork
Thisareaiswellcoveredbyprojectsretainedandis
unlikelytobeconsideredforinclusionincall(s)for
proposalstobepublishedin1986.—at5years:Demonstratelargecircuitof10to20K
gatescomplexity,gatedelayoflessthan50pswith
figureofmeritlessthan100femtojoules .This
demonstrator couldbea16Kmemorywithan
accesstimeintheorderoffewnanoseconds orit
couldbedefinedduringyear3tofulfilneedsof
otherESPRITareas(speciallyhighspeeddatabus)
oroftelecommunication industry(signalprocess­
ingcircuitsforinstance).
R&Darea1.4:Compoundsemiconductor integratedcir­
cuits
IntegrateddigitalcircuitsinIII-Vcompoundsemicon­
ductormaterialsofferpotentialspeedand/orspeed
powerproductadvantagesoversiliconcircuitsbecause
ofhigherelectronmobility.Thetechnologycomplexity
ofthesematerialsissomeyearsbehindsiliconandcon­
siderablematerialsandprocessresearcharenecessary.
Becauseoftheincreasingmarketforhigh-speed,low­
powercircuits,manyproblemsneedtobetackledin
ordertobringforwardknowledgeinthisarea.1.4.2.Currentprojectsandprojectsundernegotiation
'CompoundSemiconductor MaterialsandIntegrated
Circuits—/'
Proj.Ref.232:A/84
Theoverallobjectiveofthisprogrammeistoestablish
galliumarsenidedigitalintegratedcircuittechnologies
usingtheGaAsMESFET ,highelectronmobilitytransis­
tors(HEMT/TEGFET)andheterojunction bipolartran­
sistors(HBT)astheactivecircuitelements.Thesecircuits
willbeconfiguredtoenablethespeedandpoweradvan­
tagesofGaAsoversilicontobesuitablydemonstrated .Thetechnologyencompasses GaAscircuitsbasedon
FieldEffectTransistors (FET's)aswellasGaAs/
GaAlAsheterojunction structuresusinghighelectron
mobilitytransistors (HEMT)ortheheterojunction
bipolartransistors(HJBTs).Basicresearchisrequired

NoL365/16 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
integratedcircuit(MBTs)processtechnologyandasso­
ciateexpertise.
Thetwobipolarlogicsthatwillbedevelopedconsistof
emittercoupledlogic(ECL)andintegratedinjectionlogic
(I2L).Singleheterojunction (widegapemitterj—MBTs,
anddoubleheterojunction (widegapemitterandcollec­
tor)—DHBTswillbeinvestigatedandcompared.Atthe
sametime,efficientanalyticswitchingmodelsforthese
deviceswillbedeveloped.Acombinationofnumerical
simulationandexperimentalverificationwillbeusedto
ensurethevelidityoftheanalyticmodelsfordiscrete
devices.Thefirsttwoyearswillbespentonthedevelop­
mentofhighperformancetransistors(3umemitterwidth
HBTswithanJTexceeding17GHz)withgoodyieldand
uniformityon2'diametersubstrates.Simpleintegrated
circuitslikedivideby2anddivideby4circuits,willbe
fabricatedforoperationwithhighinputfrequency
(exceeding4GHz).Oneoftheexcitingtaskswillbethe
realizationofnon-alloyedohmiccontacts,whichwiththe
programmeonmetallic-alloys ,suchasplasmadeposited
W-Si,enablestherealizationofadvancedintegratedcir­
cuits.Inthisrespect,thestateofthesemiconductor sur­
facechemistryisrecognizedtobeanimportantfactor.
Duringthetwofollowingyears,simplefront-endsignal
processingtestcircuits(3bitAdderforinstance)willbe
fabricatedtodetermineapplicabilityofHBTsforafast8
bitprocessor .CompoundSemiconductor MaterialsandIntegrated
Circuits—II'
Proj.Ref.522:A/84
Thegeneralobjectiveoftheresearchprogrammeisto
developadvancedaspectsofGaAsdigitalintegrated
circuitprocesstechnologyandassociatedexpertiseto
enablethefabricationoffast,highperformancedigital
circuits.WholeICfabricationisnotconsideredtobe
pre-competitive .Demonstrator digitalICswillbedevel­
opedtoevaluatetheperformanceofthevariouslogiccir­
cuittechnologies .
Thefollowingprojectistheresultofarearrangement of
thetwoprecedingongoingcontractsNo232and522.
withsomeimprovements requiredtomeettheobjectives
oftheworkplan
'CompoundSemi-Conductor IntegratedCircuits'
Proj.Ref.843:A/85
Thisprojectisacollaborativeprogrammeinvolvingsix
majorEuropeancompaniesfromthreecountriesinan
attempttoestablishhighspeedGaAsVLSIcircuitsinthe
commercialmarket.Theavailabilityofstateoftheart
circuitswillserveEuropeansystemandequipmentmanu­
facturersintheITindustryandhelptoprovidethemwith
thenecessaryworldwidecompetitiveedge.
Theprogrammewillinvestigateindetailtwoactivedev­
iceswhicharepotentialcandidatesforLSI/VLSIinte­
gration,namelyMESFETsandHEMT.Theyare
presentlyindifferentstagesofmaturity,butmanykey
technologiesarecommon,suchasion—implantation ,
advancedlithography(e-beamandDSW),dryprocessing
andself-alignment techniques .Theywillbeinvestigated
inparallelinalltheiraspects,fromdevicemodellingto
fabricationyield,bytheparticipatingmembersinclose
collaborationsorapidadvancescanbemadewithlimited
resources .Inthelaterstageoftheprojecthighspeeddemonstrator
circuitswillbedevelopedsuchasdigitalanalogconverters
orsignalprocessingcircuits.
Duringthefiveyearsofthisprogramme ,variouskey
demonstrators ofincreasingcomplexity ,suchascounter,
multiplexers ,multipliers ,AtoDs,SRAMsandgate
arrayswillbeproduced.Theywillprovidethenecessary
feedbacktodesignandtechnologyandwillhelptosteer
theprogrammetowardsitsVLSIgoal.CADMethodsforAnalogGaAsMonolithicICs'
Proj.Ref255:B/84
Themajoremphasisoftheresearchprogrammeisthe
developmentofafullCADlibraryoftheoreticalmodels
andexperimentaldataforpassiveelementsandactive
componentsrequiredforthedesignofGaAsanalogICs.
Theworkstartsbyderivingphysicalmodelsandequiva­
lentcircuitsfordifferenttypesofMESFETandpassive
elementsbothforlumpedanddistributedapproaches .
ThenextstepistheCADofgroupsofpassiveandactive
devicesfortheintegratedimplementation ofelementary
functions.Herebesidescircuitanalysis,couplingbetween
adjacentelementsandthermaldistributionwillalsobe
simulated.Inthesuccessivephase,analogICsdefinedas
highlevelfunctionalblockshavetobeconsideredwith
specialanalysisprograms.ThisfinalCADprogram
includespackageeffectevaluationanderrorsensitivity
analysis.Interactiveoptimizationwillbeorganizedina
user-oriented ,transferablepackage.Theprojectstarts
withCandXbandinvestigationtobeextendedto18
GHz.TheCADcapabilitywillbeprovenwithdifferent
GaAsICdemonstrators ,includingsubmicrondimension
devices.'TechnologyofGaAs-GaAlAs BipolarIntegrated
Circuits'
Proj.Ref971:A/85
Thegeneralobjectiveoftheresearchprogrammeisto
developadvancedaspectsofGaAs/GaAlAsbipolar

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/17
'LargeDiameterSemi-InsulatingGaAs'
Proj.Ref1128:B/85blewithIll-Vintegratedcircuitsprovidingafastelectr­
icalinterface.Thisprogrammeisnotaimedatoptics-­
basedcomputersbutratheratprovidingcomponents
andsubsystemsforlargebitratetransmissions .
Remark:Theachievementoftheobjectivesofthispro­
grammeneedsverylargeresourceswhichmaynotbe
availablewithintheframeworkofESPRIT .Onthe
otherhandtheseobjectivesrepresentaminimumtarget
toremaincompetitive .GaAsIntegratedCircuitsareusingann-typeactivelayer
preparedbyionimplantationofdonorsdirectlyinsemi-­
insulatingwafers,followedbyanannealingtocurethe
implantationdamages.InordertorealizeLSIcircuits,
onemustcontrolthepropertiesofeachindividualmicro-­
FETneededinthiscaseandthiscanonlybeachievedif
theactivelayerofeachofthemisperfectlyundercontrol.
Thisprojectisaimedatdevelopinganindustrial
approachforthepreparationoflargediameter(2")
semi-insulating GaAssubstrateswhichcanallowtopre­
pareveryhomogeneous activelayersbyionimplantation
andthustocontrolthepropertiesofeachindividual
micro-FETmadeonit.1.5.1.Objectives
a)Integratedelectronicandopticalcomponentsonthe
samechip:
—at1year:demonstrateamonolithicphotodetec­
torwithinternalamplification .
—at2years:demonstrate amonolithically inte­
gratedreceiverwithbandwidthgreater
thanorequalto2.5GHz.
—at3years:demonstrateanintegratedtransmitter
withabandwidthgreaterthan2.5
GHz.
Afteryear3,furtheroptimizationsofreceiver,transmit­
ter,andperhapsalsorepeatershavetotakeinto
accounttheprogressandneedsofthetelecommunica­
tionsindustryandoftheotherESPRITareas.Threedifferentgoalshavetobereached:
1.Determinewaystodefinematerialhomogeneityfor
ingotsofdiameter2"andlarger.Thiswillbedonebv
correlationbetweenresultsofmeasurements made
onbulkmaterialandonprocessedwaferscutfromit.
2.Investigatepossiblewaystoimprovecristalline
qualitybyusingtwoparallelandcomplementary
approaches ,andendupwitheitherachoicebetween
thetwotechniquesoramixtureofboth.
3.Growlarger(2")ingotsofsuitablequalityusingthe
recipesworkedoutingoalsNo1and2.b)Wavelengthmultiplexing (WDM)withintegrated
optics:
at1year:demonstrateofDFBlaserwiththres­
holdcurrentlowerthan50mA;
demonstration ofwaveguidefedpho­
todetector;lowlossmonolithicwave­
guide(smallerthanldB/cm).
at2years:demonstrateof2.5GHzbandwidth
modulatorsinsemiconductors .
at3years:demonstrateanintegratedtransmitter
withabandwidthgreaterthan2.5
GHz.
at4years:demonstrate integratedWDMtrans­
mitterandreceivermodules .1.4.3.Scopeforfurtherwork
Thisareaiswellcoveredbyprojectsretainedandis
unlikelytobeconsideredforinclusionincall(s)for
proposalstobepublishedin19B6.
Atthispoint,someinputsfromotherESPRITareas
andtelecommunications industryareneededtoimple­
mentademonstration linkataseveralgigabitrate.R&DArea1.5:Optoelectronics
Optoelectronic deviceswillbeincreasinglyrequiredfor
telecomstransmission ,intra-andextra-computercon­
nections,ultrawidebandimageprocessingandswitch­
ing.Futuregenerationsofmono-modecommunica­
tionssystemsmayusecoherentdetectionandmulti­
channelwavelengthmultiplexingandmaybephase
modulated .Thiswillprovideimprovedperformance
andbecompatiblewithintegratedopticallogic.Itwill
allowprocessing,combiningandroutingatveryhigh
speeds.Insemiconductor formitwillalsobecompati­1.5.2.Currentprojectsandprojectsundernegotiation
InPBasedOptoelectronic circuits'
Proj.Ref263:A/84
Thegeneralobjectiveoftheresearchprogrammeistosig­
nificantlyincreasethedatarateininformation

NoL365/18 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
tochipinterfacesandfortheincorporationofoptical
fibresintoprintedcircuitboards.
Thenextprojectisacontinuationofthepreceding
on-goingprojectNo380.transmissionsystems,bytheuseofhighperformance
devicesandwithavarietyofmultiplexingtechniques ,
mainlywiththeuseofdifferentwavelengths .Inthefirst
threeyears,activitywillbefocussedonachievingand
utilizingsinglemodediscretefunctionssuitableforsub­
sequenthybridandmonolithicintegration .Fullhybrid
integrationwillbeworkedoninyearthreeandfour.The
workonthesematerialswillbeorientedtowardsreprodu­
ciblegrowthofhighquality,highhomogeneity ,large
areaheterostructures suitableforlaserswithlowthres­
holdcurrentdensityandwellcontrolledwavelength ,for
photodetectors withlowresidualdopinglevelandfor
waveguideswithlowlosses.'OpticalInterconnectforVLSIandHighBitRateICs'
Proj.Ref.986:B85
Thesecondpartofthisprogrammeisaimedatthe
developmentofthetehnologyneededforthefabrication
oftheelectronicdevicesinaformwhichcanbeintegrated
withtheopticaldevices.Arangeofdeviceswillbeinvesti­
gatedandcomparedforuseinarangeoffunctions.Asa
resultoftheimportanceoflongerwavelengthoperation
alltheworkwillbeonInP-basedsemiconductor com­
pounds.Averyimportantpotentialbenefitofthepro­
grammeisthatthematerialstobestudiedareexpected
tohaveveryhighperformance inconventionalelectronic
circuits.Thustheprogrammemayleadtoimproveelec­
tronicfunctionsaswellassophisticatedopto-electronic
circuits.Theinherentwidebandwithandcrosstalkimmunityof
opticaltransmissionmediapermitveryhighbitratesig­
nalstobereadilydistributedovercomingthetransmission
lineandrf-interference problemsencounteredwithvery
highbitrateICs.Manylowerbitratesignals,eachof
whichwouldconventionally employapackagepin,canbe
timemultiplexedtogethertoformoneeasilytransmitted ,
highbitrateopticalsignalwhichleavesthepackagevia
oneopticalpinsoavoidingveryhighpincountpackages
forVLSIchips.
Thefollowingworkpackagesformtheproposedpro­
gramme:
Design,manufactureandevaluatefunctionaloptical
interconnectdemonstrator workingatupto1GBs-'and
demonstrating pincountreductionforVLSIchip.Inves­
tigationofopticalinterconnectupto5GBs-'.Optimise
physicalaspectsofopticalinterconnections .Undertake
extendedapplicationsstudy.Inadditiontothisprogramme ,oneworkpackageistobe
addedtoinvestigatethepossibilityoffabricatinganinte­
gratedopticsourcewithindependentcontrolofbothout­
putpowerandwavelengthusingelectroopticeffectand
currentinjectiontotunedistributedfeedback(DFB)grat­
ingslasers.
'OpticalInterconnectforVLSIandHighBitRateICs''MolecularEngineeringforOptoelectronics '
Proj.Ref.443:B/84
Theaimoftheprojectisthedevelopmentofneworganic
electro-opticandnonlinearopticalmaterials .Thereisan
increasingrequirementforsuchmaterialsintherapidly
expandingfieldsofintegratedopticsandopticalcom­
munications .Thetargetoftheprojectistoproducenovel
materialsforthefabricationofdevicesutilisinglinear
electro-optical effects,second-orderfrequencymixing
effectsandthird-ordereffects.Proj.Ref.380:B/84
BasicTechnologicalStudiesforGainAsMISFETs'Thisspeculativeresearchprogrammeisundertakento.
investigatetheapplicationofopticalinterconnection to
reducethepackagepincountandelectromagneticinter­
ferenceinVLSIandhighspeedintegratedcircuitsandin
sub-assemblies containingthesecomponents .Thecurrent
oneyearstudytoinvestigateindetailtheroleandcapa­
bilityofinterconnection gotunderwayinearly1985.
Earlyworkhasincludeddesignstudiesoftheperform­
ance,costandimplementations ofopticalsourcesand
detectorsandchoiceofopticalfibreforopticalintercon­
nect.Thelimitationsofopticalinterconnecthavebeen
assessedintermsofpowerbudgets,bitrates,andtech­
nologicalcompatibilityandtheapplicationofthetechnol­
ogyiscurrentlybeingstudiedconsideringcommunication
protocols,ICperformanceboundariesandtheimpacton
processorarchitectures .Someexperimental workhas
commencedoninvestigating lowcosttechniquesforfibreProj.Ref.927:B/85
In0.53Ga0.47As epitaxiallygrownonsemi-insulating
InPsubstratesisapromisingmaterialforhighspeedlog­
icaldevicesaswellasintegratedmicro-optoelectronic cir­
cuitsfor1.3umapplications .Insulatedgatefieldeffect
transistors(MISFETs')canberealizedonthismaterial.

31.12,85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/19
polycrystal-line silicon,depositedinahighpowerglow
dischargeprocess.FurthermoreelementaryThinFilm
Transistor(TFT)circuitssuitableforbusdrivershift
registerswillbedevelopedandinvestigatedandDriver
prototypesofshortlengthshallbecombinedwith
LC-matrixdisplayandtested.
LargeAreaComplexLiguidCrystalDisplaysAddressed
byThinFilmSiliconTransistors'Thisprogrammehasthreeaims:
—first,toobtainabetterunderstanding ofthebasic
phenomenaattheinsulator/InGaAsinterface,
—second,toexplorethepossibilitiesofionimplanta­
tion,
—third,toevaluatetheinfluenceoftheInPsubstrate
quality.
Oncethesethreeaspectshavebeenexplored,technologi­
calprocessesforhighspeedlogicdevicesandintegrated
optoelectronics willbeoptimized .Proj.Ref.833:B/85
1.5.3.Scopeforfurtherwork
Thisareaiswellcoveredbyprojectsretainedandis
unlikelytobeconsideredforinclusionincall(s)for
proposalstobepublishedin1986.LCDsdominatetheportabledisplaysmarket.Thin-film
transistoraddressingofLCDswouldallowanincreasein
displaysizeandcomplexitytolevelsadequateforword
processorandgraphicsdisplays.Theaimofthepresent
projectistoinvestigateaviabletechnologyforthefabri­
cationoflargearea(A5toA4)complex(upto1000
addressablelines)LCDsbasedonpolycrystalline and
amorphoussilicontransistoractivematrices.Thin-film
silicondevicesshowpromiseofhigheryieldandreliability
thanotherapproaches .Extensiveinvestigationofthefol­
lowingareasisplanned:optimisationoftransistorchar­
acteristics .yield,andstabilityoverlargeareas:special
highthroughput ,largeareasemiconductor processing
equipment:specialLCDsfabricationtechniques;colour
systems:interactivedisplays:humanfactors.R&Darea1.6:AdvancedDisplayTechnologies
1.6.1.Objectives
Inmanyproductareas,egworkstations ,electronicoff­
iceequipmentetc.thereisanurgentneedinEuropefor
newadvanceddisplaysystemstoreplaceand
supercedetheconventionalCRT.Suchdisplayswould
needtobeoflargesize(A4andabove)andofmedium
tohighdefinition .Colourcapabilitywouldalsobe
desirable/necessary.
Manyapproachesarecurrentlybeinginvestigated .A
technologydefinitioneffortinwhichmajorexisting
communitypractitionerswouldcombinetheirknow­
ledgeandexperienceisrequiredtodefinewithina
shorttimeperiodthemostadequatewaytotacklethis
problems.1.6.3.Scopeforfurtherwork
Furtherworkinthisareaisdependentontheoutcome
ofthetechnologydefinitioneffortsdescribedin1.6.2.
Thisareaiswellcoveredbyprojectsretainedandis
unlikelytobeconsideredforinclusionincall(s)for
proposalstobepublishedin1986.
R&Darea1.7:GeneralSupportingTopics
1.6.2.Currentprojectsandprojectsundernegotiation
'MaterialsandTechnologiesforHighMobilityTFTsfor
LCDisplayBusDrivers'
Proj.Ref.491:B/84
Incurrentpractice,theperipheraldrivercircuitsforactive
matrixliquidcrystaldisplaysconsistofexternalIC-chips.
Thisprojectproposestodevelopthinfilmmaterialsand
technologiesforcolumn-andline-busdriverstoreplace
theexternalIC-chips.Themaintaskwillbetodevelopa
lowtemperaturedepositionprocessforthesemiconductor
thinfilmmaterialcompatiblewiththeglasssubstrates
usedfortheLC-display .Themainmaterialsuggestedis1.7.1.Topics
Thisareacovers:
—researchthemesnotalreadyidentifiedinthe
microelectronics areas1.1to1.6
—topicswhichsupportoneormoreoftheareas1.1
to1.6
—researchthemeswhichlookforwardbeyondthe
earlystagesofthemicroelectronics programme
towardsthesubmicrongoals.
Sincethisisverywide-ranging initsscope,nospecific
programmeofworkissetout.Instead,on-goingpro

NoL365/20 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
jectsarebrieflydescribed(innumericalorder)and
indicationsgivenofothercandidatetopics.methodology ,possiblybasedonexpertsystemstodefine
thediagnosticstrategy,newhardwarecircuitrytoenh­
ancetheEBTperformance .Theareasofcomputercon­
troloftheelectronbeamsystem,interfacingtoCADsof­
tware,identificationofcircuitelements,methodologyfor
designerrordiagnosis,testpatterngenerationforelec­
tronbeamdebugging ,designforelectronbeamtestabil­
ity,anddelectronbeamequipmentdevelopment,willbe
addressedinordertoachievethisoverallobjective.1.i.2.Currentprojectsandprojectsundernegotiation
'AdvancedInterconnectforVLSI'
Proj.Ref14:B83
'AssessmentofSiliconMBELayers'
Proj.Ref305:B/84Theoverallobjectiveofthisprogrammeistodevelophigh
densityinterconnectcompatiblewithonemicronMOS
andBipolarVLSItechnologies .Thisinterconnecttech­
nologywillfeaturefourlevelsoflowresistivitymetal
interconnect withhighelectromigration resistanceand
stable,lowresistancecontactstotheunderlyingsilicon
circuit.Thisprojectisdividedintothreeparts:
1.Growthofsiliconlayersbymolecularbeamepitaxy
(MBE).
2.Continuinginsitumeasurementofprocesscharacter­
istics.
3.Implementing anddevelopingtechniquesforthe
characterisation ofMBElayers.Thisinformation
willthenbeusedtooptimisegrowthconditions .ThePilotPhaseoftheprojecthasdemonstratedgood
progressandcooperationbetweenthepartners.Acom­
monprocess,commontestmaskandcommontestmeth­
odshavebeenestablishedinordertoprovideapractical
environmentforcooperativeresearch.
In1985thiscoreprocesshascontinuedtobeusedwith
yieldimprovingandthefirstmilestonehasbeen
achieved:ithasbeendecidedtocontinuewithpolyimide
asdielectricforthecoreprocess.Itisplannedthatfourspecificdevelopmental tasksbe
undertakenonfourspecifictechniques .Theremainderof
theprogrammewillbeconcernedwiththeapplicationof
existingtechniquesandtheinterpretationofthetotality
oftheresultssoobtained.
'PlasmaDepositionTechnologyforMagneticRecording
ThinFilmMedia'
Proj.Ref334:B/84Thefollowingmilestonesoftheprogrammeare:
Sept.1985—SpecificationforTestReticlefor5
jumandbelow.
Demonstration ofmetaldryetch
capabilityadequatefor5jumpitch
Dec.1985 —TestReticleavailable
Sept.1986—SelectOptimumProcess
Demonstration of3-LayerMetal
at5/umpitch
Dec.1986—YieldandReliabilitydataon
OptimumProcess
Sept.1987—Demonstration of4-LayerMetal
at3umpitch.Itisexpectedthatinnearfuturerecordingmediaand
headspreparedbythinfilmtechnologywillcompetethe
conventionalparticulatemediaandconventionalheads.
Bothlongitudinalandverticalrecordinginthinfilms
promiseasignificantincreaseofinformationdensity.In
thisproject,appropriatedepositiontechnologieswillbe
studiedwhichprovidehighdepositionratestoproduce
suchfilmsinaindustrialscale.Thisincludesmagnetron
sputtering ,electronbeamevaporationandplasmaen­
hancedmetal-organic chemicalvapordeposition .
AutomaticDesignValidationofIntegratedCircuits
UsingE-beam'Silicon-on-insulator SystemsCombinedwithLow
Temperature '
Proj.Ref.370:B/84Proj.Ref.271:B/84
Theprojectseekstodevelopamethodologyfortheauto­
maticdesignerrorsdiagnosisofVLSIdevicesbasedon
theobservabilityfacilitygivenbyanelectronbeamsys­
tem,connectiontotheCADenvironment ,patternrecog­
nitiontoautomatically positiontheE-beam,globalIntheprojectanumberoftechniqueswillbeusedand
combinedinordertoobtaingoodqualitysinglecrystal
layerswiththicknessesvaryingbetween0.5umand50

31.1285 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/21
microntechnologybothinsiliconandJII/Vsemiconduc­
torsystems.However,muchremainstobedonetounder­
standthecomplexchemistryandphysicsinvolvedby
applyingsuitablediagnosticmethods.Untilthisisaccom­
plishedthefullpotentialofplasmaetchingwillnotbe
realized.Theoverallprogrammeisnecessarilyinteractive
andbringstogethercentresofexpertiseinplasmachemis­
tryandphysics,instrumentmanufacturersandasupplier
ofchemicalstotheelectronicsindustry.Collectivelythey
possessauniquecombinationofknowledgeandfacilities
whichwillassuresuccessinthisbroadlybased
programme .
*WaferScaleIntegration '
Proj.Ref.824:B/85
Thedesignanddemonstrationofa25milliontransistors
systemonasinglechipistobeperformedbyconnecting
thegoodcellsofawafer.Thedemonstrator chosenisa4
MbitstaticRAMina1.4fimCMOStechnologyusing
redundancyattheintracellandintercelllevels,inorder
totolerateendofmanufacturing defects.Specialinterest
willbegiventotestfacilitiesandteststrategybothatthe
cellandwholewaferlevels.Aftertest,reconfiguration
techniqueswillbeusedtoavoidfaultyelementsinthecell
andtofurtherincreasecellyield.Decodinglogicand
externallycontrolledswitcheswillbeusedtoconfigure
thegoodcellsonthewafer.jimforavarietyofapplications .Theserelatetoboth
silicon-on-insulator (SOI)andtoSOS(silicon-on-sap­
phire)forhighperformanceintegratedcircuits,andalso
fortheprovisionofalternativestothecurrentlyusedcum­
bersomedielectricisolation(DI)processing .
'DopantProfilingforSubmicronStructures '
Proj.Ref.519:B/84
Theaimofthisprojectistorealizethecapabilitiesforthe
accuratedeterminationofshallowdopantprofilesasused
insubmicrondevices.Toachievethisthedevelopmentof
oneelectricaltechnique,i.e.spreadingresistance,ispro­
posedtogetherwithanintercomparison ofthistechnique
withtwoothernon-electricalmethods,i.e.SecondaryIon
MassSpectrometry (SIMS)andRutherfordBackScat­
tering(RBS).Theprimaryemphasisoftheprojectwillbe
putonthedevelopmentanduseofthespreadingresist­
ancetechniquewiththeothertechniquesbeingusedpri­
marilyforcomparison .Amajorby-productofthis
approachwillbethedataenablingabetterunderstand­
ingofdiffusionkineticstobeobtained.Inadditionthe
workwillconcentrateonprofilingBoronPhosphorus ,
ArsenicandAntimonyandwillalsoinvolvetheuseof
andassessmentofnovelannealingmethodssuchasstrip
heaterandflashlampannealing.
'InvestigationofallaspectsoftheInterconnection ofHigh
PinCountIntegratedCircuits'
Proj.Ref.544:B/83-84
Thisprojecthasthefollowingaims:
1.Thedevelopmentofalternativemethodsofconnect­
ingtheintegratedcircuittoitsinterconnectmedium.
2.Thedevelopmentoflargeareahighdensityintercon­
nectusingmultilayerpolymertechniques .
3.Thedevelopmentofreasonablylargeareaultrahigh
densityinterconnectbaseduponacombinationof
thickfilmdielectricsandadditivebasemetalelectro­
platingmethods.
Itistheaimtorealizeallinterconnectsystemswithjust
twolayers,therebyachievinglowcostthroughreduced
handlingandinexpensivematerials.
HighResolutionPlasmaEtchinginSemiconductor Tech­
nology-Fundamentals ,ProcessingandEquipment'
Proj.Ref.574:B/84
Itiswidelyrecognisedwithintheelectronicsindustrythat
plasmaetchingwillplayavitalroleinachievingsub­Softwarewillbeproducedtoprovideautomaticselection
oftheswitchestobeprogrammedtogivethenecessary
interconnect .Theyieldofalumuniutninterconnection
lineswillbeincreasedbyrepairofshortoropen.Astudy
ofthermalandelectricalcharacteristics ofthepackage
andbondingwillbemadeandusedtoprovideasuitable
packageforthedemonstrator .
'PackagesforHighSpeedDigitalGaAsICs'
Proj.Ref.830:B/85
Thevariouspackagedesignrequirementsbeingevolved
tomeettherequirementsoftheGaAsICindustryare
beingaddressed.Theprojectwillresultintheestablish­
mentofpackagestandardstogetherwithclearlydefined
designprinciplesandmethodsoffabrication .
Theprojectwillleadtotheestablishment oj4package
designs,an8,16,24and40I/Oleadpackagehavingthe
necessaryoperationalcharacteristics formountingand
hermeticallyencapsulating GaAsICsforuseinhigh
speeddigitalapplications .Extensiveusewillbemadeof
sophisticated computeraideddesignandsimulation
modellingthroughouttheproject,thesuccessofwhich

31.12.85 NoL365/22 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
particular,resistandmasktechnologies willbedevel­
oped,appropriateto0,5umresolutionwhilecompatible
withhigherresolutionlimits.Hencemasktechnologywill
utilizeSi-basedmembraneswhichareappropriateforuse
withthesofter(i.e.higher-resolution )wavelengths .
'AdvancedMaskandReticleTechnologyforVLSISub-­
MicronMicroelectronics Devices'
Proj.Ref1043:B/85
Thisprojectaddressesspecificareasofthemaskmaking
processtodevelopnewequipment ,materialsandpro­
cessesandtheaimistocombinesuchdevelopments to
createanenhancedmaskandreticletechnologytosatisfy
thewaferfabricationrequirementsforadvancedand
complexdevices.
'UltraSensitiveImpurityAnalysisforStructuresand
Materials'
Proj.Ref.1056:B/85
Thisprojectisdevelopinganadvancedphysicalanalysis
techniquewhichisneededforthecharacterisation of
microelectronics fabricationtechnologies .Thetechnique
whichisbasedonsputteringandlaserresonanceioniza­
tionwillbehighlysensitive,freeofmatrixeffectswhen
multilayersareprofiledandsuitabletothree-dimensional
profilingwithhighersensitivityascomparedtostandard
SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry .hasalreadybeenestablishedinthecaseofthe8I/O
leadpackage.Threetechnicalapproachestopackage
constructionwillbeinvestigated ,theuseofdirect-sealing
techniques ,glassjoiningfiredceramicandco-firing
glass-ceramic .Associatedinvestigational topicswill
includematerials,metallisations ,heatdissipationetc.
Samplepackagesofthevariousdesignswillbemade
availableforevaluationandqualificationapprovaltest­
ing.Thisprojectiscomplementary toproject958.
HighPerformanceVLSIPackagingforComplex
ElectronicSystems'
Proj.Ref.958:B'85
Thisprojectisdirectedtowardsdemonstrating thefeasi­
bilityandtheevaluationofhighdensitystructureon
whichVLSIchipswillbeconnectedwithverydense(100
to125umpitch)TABinterconnectonahighperformance
multichipsubstrate.
Electricalandthermalperformanceshallbemeasuredto
evaluatethecapabilityofsuchastructurewhichcouldbe
usedasabasicbuildingblockofaveryhighperformance
system(1GHzclockor20-50nssystemcycletime).
Thisprojectiscomplementary toprojectNo830.
AlgorithmsforaRobustandEfficientSemiconductor
Simulator '
Proj.Ref962:B/85
Thisworkisprovidingfullytestedgeneralalgorithmsfor
simulatingsemi-conductor devicesinthreedimensions .
Thesealgorithmswouldsolveforthesteadyon-statecon­
ditionofadevice,orfordynamictransientandsmall
signalconditions ,andtotakeintoaccounttheinteraction
ofdeviceoperationwiththetemperatureofthecrystal
lattice.Thealgorithmsaretobetestedinresearchcom­
putercodesdevelopedasaresultoftheproject,andthis
codewillbevalidatedagainstrealdevices.
Sincethecomputational demandsofthesealgorithmsare
verylargetherewillbeastronginteractionbetweensuita­
blealgorithmsandtheavailabilityofcomputerswith
advancedarchitectures .Astudywillalsobecarriedout
todelimittheapplicabilityoftheassumedphysical
model,bothwithreferencetomaterialsanddevice
dimensions .
'0.5MicronX-RayLithographyMasksResistsand
TransferredImages'
Proj.Ref.1007:B/85
Theobjectiveofthisworkis0,5µmX-Raylithographyup
totheactualdemonstrationofthelithographyprocess.In1.7.3.Scopeforfurtherwork
a)Sub-micronprocessingresearchthemesinsupport
ofongoingprojectareas1.1and1.2.
Toachieveprocessingatfeaturesizesof0.5µmand
belowthefollowingtopicsareidentified :
i)0.5µmlithographywithproductionthroughput
andassociatedresistdevelopment whichshould
becompatiblewithdryetchingprocesses
ii)Modellingofprocessesanddevicesincluding
experimentalverification .
b)B-typeresearchthemes
i)Insupportofareas1.1and1.2
—Semiconductor processingmaterialsand
equipments
—Photo-assisted technology

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/23
—HighSpeedon-wafertesting
—Automatedmanufacturing andcontrol.
ii)insupportofareas1.4and1.5
—SpecificCADforIII-V-integrated circuits
—Modellingopticalelements
—reliability
iii)Othergeneralresearchthemes
—Lithography (X-ray-,Ion-,)
—Variousactiveelementsonhighmobility
semi-conducting materials—advancedphysicalanalysistechniques
—sensorsandtransducers
—newtechnologies andtechniquesforad­
vancedinformationstorage
—interconnecttechnologies
Incall(s)forproposalstobepublishedin1986,priority
wouldbegiventomodelling(withthemainemphasis
onGaAs).toequipmentrelatedtoautomatedmanufac­
turingandcontrol,andtointerconnecttechnologies .
SUBPROGRAMME 2:
SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY
ReviewoftheSoftwareTechnologysub-programme
hasidentifiedtheemphasiswhichneedstobegivento
thedifferenttopicareas,butitisnotconsideredneces­
saryforthe1986workplantosignificantlyrevisethe
keyactivitieswhichneedtobesupported .2.0.Introduction
In198?theneedforacomprehensive softwaretechnol­
ogyprogrammewasjustifiedonthebasisofthehigh
rateofincreaseinthecomplexityandamountofthe
softwaretobegeneratedthroughtotheendofthecen­
tury.Thisneedisevenmoreevidenttoday,2yearsafter
thestartoftheESPRITPilotPhase.Theobjectivesof
theESPRITsoftwaretechnologysub-programme are
beingfollowedbyanumberofprogrammesacrossthe
world.
Therecognitionthatthekeyissuesrelateprimarilyto
thedevelopmentofenvironments ,methodsandtools
tosupportthedesignofevermorecomplexsystems
(whichincludehardwareandsoftwarecomponents )of
highqualityandreliabilitywithhigherlevelsofprod­
uctivityhassetthemajordirectionsbeingtakenbythe
STprogramme .After2yearsofESPRITPhase 1,we
nowhaveunderwayanumberofprojectswhichare
addressingthekeyissueslistedabove,andwearenow
inapositiontoidentifytheareaswhichrequirestreng­
theningandindeedaddingtotheworkplanfor
SoftwareTechnology .
Thedirectionsrequiredfor1986areidentifiedindetail
inthefollowingsections,buttheneedfornewprojects
topromotetherapidtransferoftheresultsofthepro­
grammeintotheindustrialenvironment islikelytobe
themainthemefor1986.Thereforethefollowing
themeswillbegivenfornewworkcalledforincall(s)
forproposalspublishedin1986:
(i)reuseofsoftwarecomponents
(ii)commercialsecurityofsoftware
(iii)demonstrators forevaluationofmethodsand
toolsintheindustrialenvironment (seesection
2.4.)R&DArea2.1:Theories,MethodsandTools
Theneedtosupportthesystemdevelopmentprocess
withmorerigorousmethodsandtoolsisamajortheme
intheSTworkplan.Measurementofproductivityand
ofsystemqualityandperformancealsoisofgreat
importance .
2.1.1.Topics
Thetopicswithinthisareaare:
Systemorientedapproaches:
Formalmethodsforsystemdevelopment
Hardware/softwaresynergy
Requirements engineering
Softwaresecurity
Improvingcurrentsoftwaredevelopmentapproaches:
Reusabilityissues
Formalspecification
Rigoroustransformations andmethods
Advancedsoftwaredevelopmentapproaches:
Methodsforforma!descriptionandverificationofcon­
current,distributed ,embeddedreal-timesystems

NoL365/24 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
Systematicstudyofthesystemdevelopmentprocess
ApplicationofA1techniquestodevelopment
Quality,Reliability,Conformity Testingand
Demonstrating
Productanddevelopmentprocessmetricsusedinawellengineeredmergeforspecificationof
largedistributedsystems,rapidprototypingisprov­
idedbytheanalysisofabstractimplementations ;
—Modula,Ada-likelanguagesareconsideredforthe
programming activity.
Semi-formaltransformations ofsystemdescriptionsat
differentlevelsaresupportedbyvalidationanddocumen­
tationactivities.
AsetoftoolssupportingtheGR4SPINmethodology is
designedontopofPCTEcommontools,whichmakesa
significantuseofgraphicsandofconceptssuchasfocuss­
ingtechniques ,multiplewindowingconcepts,andsimul­
taneoushandlingofdifferentcontexts.2.1.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsunderNegotiation
SystemOrientedApproaches
'FormalMethodsforAsynchronous Systems'
Proj.Ref1033:B/85
1heprojectaimstoprovideaformalframeworkanda
suitabletoolsetforthedevelopmentofasynchronous
embeddedmicroanddistributedsystems.
7heformalframeworkisbasedon:
Scott'sdomain-based statemachine,forthemathe­
maticalmodel;
Hoare'slogicandtemporallogic,forthecorrect­
nessinanalysisanddesign.
Thetoolsetincludespresentationlanguageandtoolssuch
asadesigndatabase,formaldesignproversbasedon
theoremprovingtechniques ,designer'sassistantsand
simulators .Thetoolsetwillbelinkedtoanasynchronous
systemdevelopmentenvironmentwhichiscurrentlybeing
implementedandwillalsobecompatiblewithPCTE.'Softwaredevelopmentusingconcurrentlyexecutable
modules(PEACOCK)'
Proj.Ref266:B/84
Theobjectiveoftheprojectisthedesignandimplementa­
tionofaunifiedfamilyoflanguagescoveringthewhole
softwarelife-cycle.Alllanguageswillusetheconceptof
'ConcurrentlyExecutableModule',andhaveacommon
signature(abstractsyntax).
Thefamilyincludesasemiformallanguageforrequire­
mentscapture,algebraiclanguagesforformalspecifica­
tion,andprocedurallanguagesforimplementation .
Theprojectwillalsoprovideeducationandtraining
material,aswellasevaluationreportsonfieldtrials.
ImprovingcurrentSoftwaredevelopmentapproaches
PersonalWorkstationforIncrementalGraphical
SpecificationandFormalImplementation ofNon-­
SequentialSystems(GRASPIN}'
Proj.Ref.125:A/83
Theprojectaimsatapersonalsoftwaredevelopment
workstationforincrementalGraphicalSpecificationand
stepwiseformalImplementation ofNonsequential
systems.
Themethodological frameworkischaracterized byan
integrationofformalandinformaltechniquesinthe
developmentprocess:
--structuredanalysisdiagramsandentityrelation­
shipdiagramsareusedforrequirementanalysis;
anextensionofthe'initialsemantics'approachto
algebraicspecificationandhigh-levelPetri-netsareProgramDevelopmentbySpecificationand
Transformation fPROSPECTRA )'
Proj.Ref.390:B/84
Theobjectivesofthisprojectaretodevelopastrictmeth­
odologyforprogramdevelopmentbytransformations
fromformalspecification .
Awidespectrumlanguagefromformalspecifications to
Adaprogramswillbedefinedwithasemanticscovering
theconcurrentaspects.
Thetransformation rulesareprovedcorrectonceandfor
all',andtheirapplication ,supportedbysoftware,would
guaranteethedevelopmentofprogramscorrectinrela­
tiontospecification .TheuseofAdaasastandard
language,andspecificationsusingannotationsinAnna,
oranAnna-likelanguage,willensureportabilities

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/25
betweenAPSE's.Inordertosupporttheuseofthese
toolsinaworkstation ,acollectionofadditionaltools
wouldbedeveloped .
Thetoolswillbegeneratedaccordingtoauniformpara­
digmateachlevel:systemdevelopment ,transformation
development ,Anna/Adaandcontrol.Proj.Rej.315:A/84
Theprojectaimsatbuildingacompletesystemsdevel­
opementbasedonanenhancedversionoftheVDM
method.
Thedevelopmentprocessdescribedbyprojectgraphs'
willbemathematically modelledintermsoflogicalsys­
tems(institutions)(e.g.equationallogic,temporallogic),
theirtransformations ,systemdescriptionsinvariouslogi­
calsystems,transformations ofdescriptions .Operational
modelsoftheprojectgraphswillberelatedtotheactivi­
tiesofprojectmanagers,softwareengineers,program­
mersandprojectlibrarians.
Awidespectrumlanguagesupportingspecificationdesign
willbedefined .Extensionsofthemodel-based VDM
method,particularlyforthespecificationsofconcurrent
systems,willbeconsideredtogetherwithproperty-based
methodsandothermodel-based methods .SoftwareEnvironmentfortheDesignofOpen
DistributedSystems(SEDOS)'
Proj.Ref.410:B/84
Theobjectiveoftheprojectisthedefinitionofformaldes­
criptiontechniquesandsupporttoolsfordevelopmentand
implementation ofOSIprotocolsandservicesandmore
generally,ofopendistributedsystems.
Twoformallanguageswillbedefined :ESTELLE(based
onastate-machine model),andLOTOSwhichcombines
thealgebraicspecificationlanguageACT-ONEandthe
CCScalculus.Bothlanguageswillbesubmittedtothe
ISOstandardization procedure .
Prototypesofsyntax-directed editors,ofverificationand
simulationtoolswillbeproducedforbothlanguages.The
projectwillalsospecifycompilersandtestsequence
generators .ToolssupportingtheRAISEmethodology willbebuilt
(firstinprototypeform,theninproductionqualityform),
severalindustrialapplicationswillbeundertaken ,and
trainingandeducationalmaterialwillbeproduced.
'FormalDescriptionofArbitrarySystemssbyMeansof
FunctionalLanguages '
Proj.Ref.881:B/85
Theprojectaimsatdevelopingaprototypeofageneral
purposesystemdescriptionenvironmentbasedonthe
so-called'systemsemantics'.
Systemsemanticsisanextensionofthedenotational
semanticsofprogramminglanguagesinthesensethatit
isapplicabletoarbitrarysystems:variouspropertiesofa
systemaredescribedbycorresponding meaning
functions .
Aprototypegeneralpurposesystemdescriptionenviron­
mentbasedonfunctionallanguagesandextendedwith
primitivesofsystemsemanticswillbedeveloped.
Anothergoaloftheprojectisthedesignofaprototype
systemdescriptionlanguageforthefollowingtwoareas:
analogelectroniccircuitsanddigitalsystems(including
VLSI)'Formalisms ,MethodsandTools(FOR-ME-TOO )'
Proj.Ref283:A/84
Themaingoaloftheprojectistodefine ,implementand
experimentatechnologyfortheprocessofsystematic
development ,verificationandvalidationofsoftwaresys­
tems,basedontheprincipleofreusabilityofsoftware
components .
Thesoftwaredevelopmentprocess,whenconceivedasa
processwithspecialattentiongiventothereuseofpre­
fabricatedcomponentsandtothestructuringofthe
systemtobedevelopedintousablecomponentsasbuild­
ingblocksischaracterizedasacombinationofthe'top
down'and'bottomup'approaches .
Reusabilityofdescriptionsandanalysisofthesequential
aspectsofsoftwaresystemsisbasedonaspecification
languagedefinedbyusingsomeoftheprimitivesofASL:
akernelspecificationlanguagewithloose'semantics.
Reusabilityofdescriptionsandanalysisoftheconcurrent
aspectsofsoftwaresystemsisbasedonvariousclassesof
Petrinets:fromcondition-event netstohighlevelnets
andstochasticPetrinets.
Anenvironmentofsupporttoolswillassistthedeveloper
infollowingadisciplineforstepwisederivationand
developmentofSwcomponents ,forretrievalofcompo­
nentsandforcompositionofSwcomponents .'RigorousApproachtoIndustrialSoftwareEngineering
(RAISE)'

NoL365/26 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
Anevaluationreportwillbeproducedontheachievable
performanceofdifferentfunctionalapproachesonparal­
lelmachines .AdvancedSoftwareDevelopmentApproaches
'AnIntegratedFormalApproachtoIndustrialSoftware
Development (METEOR)'
Proj.Ref432:A"'84
Thebasicgoalofthisprojectistheapplicationofformal
methodstotheprocessofdevelopingindustrialsoftware.
Thedevelopmentprocesswillbestudiedandmodelledby
individualising buildingcomponentsforanalysingexist­
ingmethodsanddevelopingnewmethodsofsoftware
development .
Alanguageforrequirementengineeringwillbedefined
withasemanticscoveringtemporalaspects.
Algebraicmethodsareadoptedforspecifyingpassiveand
activeobjects(processalgebrasandthealgebraicspecifi­
cationlanguage ,ASL),denotationalmodelsofconcur­
rentsystemsprovideabasisfordefiningacalculusin
whichvariouspropertiesofsuchsystemscanbeproved.
Inparticular ,theprojectaimsatintegratingtheobject-­
basedlanguageparadigm,thealgebraicapproachto
softwarespecification ,therelationalapproachand
so-calledformalheuristic.
Theimpactonmanagementandmetricsoftheapplica­
tionofformalmethodsinsoftwaredevelopmentwillbe
considered .
Industrialtake-up,especiallyintheareaofconstructing
real-timedistributedsystems,isprovidedbytheplanned
constructionofprototypeenvironments .'AnAdvancedSupportEnvironmentforMethodDriven
DevelopmentandEvolutionofPackagedSoftware
(TOOL-USE/
Proj.Ref510:B/84
Thisprojectwilldeveloptechniquesfortheformaldefini­
tionofmethodsusedinthedevelopmentofsoftware.The
projectfocussesononemainidea,namelythatthebuild­
ingofasupportenvironmentshouldbeparameterised by
methodsexpressedinadevelopmentlanguage.Itwill
seektoachieveunderstanding andformalmodellingof:
—thesoftwareconstructionprocess
—theapplicationdomains
—thetargetsystems
andwouldcontinuewiththedefinition ,implementation
andevolutionofaprototypeenvironmentforsoftware
developmentbasedonformallydefinedmethods.
'ApplicationSoftwarePrototypeImplementation System
(ASPISf
Proj.Ref401:A/84
Themajoraimofthisprojectistheexploitationofstate-­
of-the-arttechniquesinthefieldsofspecificationlan­
guagesandartificialintelligenceinordertoconstruct
tools,termedassistants ,helpingthepartialautomation
ofthefirstphasesofthelifecycle.
Themainproblemswhichwillbetackledbytheproject
are:
—capturingthedomainknowledgetobeusedbythe
assistant;
—choosinganappropriaterepresentation formalism
forcodingknowledge
—definingthebasicarchitectureofassistants;
—defininganappropriatelanguageforinteraction
betweenassistantsandusers.
Thefinalobjectiveoftheprojectisthecreationofasetof
advancedmethodsandtoolswhichwillpermitaflexible
approachtoapplicationssoftwareproductionbasedonan
interactivestyleincludingmainly:
—rapidprototypingbyinterpretationofthecompo­
nentsspecifications ;
—reusabilityofcomponentsthroughknowledgebased
assistants .InvestigationofPerformanceAchievablewithHighly
ConcurrentInterpretations ofFunctionalPrograms'
Proj.Ref302:B/84
Theprojectinvestigatestousethefunctionalapproach
forachievingthoroughexploitationofthepotentialsof
highlyconcurrenthardwarearchitectures .Thisinvolves
measurementofthecomplexityandparallelismoffunc­
tionalprogramswrittenintheFP,LispkitandMe-Too
languages .
Theprojectwilldevelop:
atoolfortranslatingLispkitandMe-TootoFP;
toolstomeasuredynamiccomplexityandparallel­
ismofFPprograms;
avirtualmachinetosimulateparallelexecutionof
functionalprograms .

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/27
areasofscientificapplicationprogramming ,withparti­
cularemphasisonefficiency .
Aprogramming languageintegratingthreeadvanced
techniques:
—abstractionofdatatypesandoperators
—relationaldatabaseprogrammingforscientificdata'AdvancedInteractiveDevelopmentofData-Intensive
Applications (AIDA)'
Proj.Ref892:B/85
Theprojectwilldefineanddevelopmethodologies ,lan­
guagesandtoolstosupportspecification ,prototyping ,
designandimplementation ofinformationsystems.
Theprototypeenvironmentwillallowspecificationinthe
developedSystemModellingLanguage(SML),andpro­
totypingbytranslationofSMLtoanexecutablecombi­
nationofFLOPandNIAL.
Designandimplementation willusesemi-automatic
transformations (supportedbvrule-basedassistants)of
SMLtoTAXIS,andofTAXIStoDBPL.
Theintegrationofthevarioustoolswillbesetontheinte­
grationoftheirunderlyingknowledgebase.—formalspecificationandproof
willbedefinedbytakingintoaccountthespecificityof
scientificprogramming .
Anefficientsoftwaredevelopment environment will
includeaproofsubsystemwhichallowstheusertovali­
dateanalgorithmwithrespecttosomespecification ,or
togeterrorinformationifthealgorithmisinvalid.
Theadequacyofthewholesystemwillbeevaluatedby
developingapplicationlibraries.
Project1041and1158areseenascomplementary :pro­
ject1158shouldprovideademonstratorprojectforthe
generationpartofproject1041.Bothprojectswill
exchangeinformationanddeliverablestoavoiddupli­
cationofwork.'Proof-oriented Systems'
Proj.Ref1041and1158:A/85
Thetwocomplementary projectshavecombinedto
givetheabovenamedproject.Thetwopartsare:
DevelopmentofanEfficientFunctionalProgramming
systemfortheSupportofPrototyping'
Proj.Ref891:B/85
Thisprojectwilldevelopafunctionalprogramming sys­
temforthesupportofprototypinginanefficientmanner.
Investigationanddefinitionofcapabilitiesandusesofa
functionalprogramming systemwillbecarriedonthefol­
lowingareas:
—rapidprototyping:
—efficientcodegenerationforfunctionalprogramsto
beprocessedonconventionalsequentialhardware:
—programming inthelarge:
—persistentobjectmanagementforlongtermstorage.
Aprototypesystemwillbeneededtodemonstratethe
approach.'Syntax-directed ToolGenerator'
Proj.Ref1041
Theprojectaimsatameta-systemgeneratingsyntax
directedediting,transformation andprooftools,from
descriptionsofthesyntaxandsemanticsoftheformal­
ismsusedinsoftwaredevelopment .
Meta-languages forthedescriptionofcontextconditions ,
transformation rules,proofrulesandtacticswillhe
defined.
Asequenceoftoolgeneratorsacceptingthosemeta-lan­
guageswillbedesignedandreleaseversionsofthegener­
atorsystemwillbetargetedtowidelyavailableenviron­
ments.
DebuggingandSpecificationofAdaRealTimeEmbed­
dedSystems(DESCARTES >'
Proj.Ref.937:B/85
Theprojectintendstoassistdevelopersofreal-time
embeddedsystemsinAdabyinvestigatingformal
methodsandbvdesigningsoftwareandhardwaretools.'AdvancedTechniquesintegrationintoEfficientScientific
applicationsoftware(ATES)'
Proj.Ref1158
Thisprojectaimstointegrateadvancedtechniquesinto
anintegratedSVdevelopmentenvironmentwithinthe

NoL365/28 31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
Thesetwotopicswillbeconsideredforinclusionin
call(s)forproposalstobepublishedin1986.Formalsemanticsandproofsystemsforreal-timelan­
guages,withemphasisoncomposability willbeinvesti­
gated.
Aspecificationlanguageincludingreal-timeconstraints
andcorrectnesspreservingtransformation willbe
designed.
Traceabilityoftransformation decisionsinthecontextof
real-timeconstraintsandanalysistoolswillbedeveloped .
Quality,Reliability ,Conformitytestinganddemonstrat­
ingR&DArea2.2:ManagementandIndustrialAspects
Thetheories,methodsandtoolsdevelopedundersub­
area2.1willprovidetherawmaterialnecessaryfor
productdevelopment ,buildandmaintenance ,andfor
effectivemanagement ofthedevelopment process
itself,ie.developmentprojectmanagement .Theman­
agementmethodsandtoolsrequiredtooperateonthis
rawdataarethemainsubjectofthispartofthe
SoftwareTechnologyWorkplan .
2.2.1.Topics
Thetopicswithinthisareaare:
Softwareproductionandmaintenancesupport
(shorttermsolutionsincludingthoseforspecial
domains)
Managementofadvancedsoftwareproduction
(projectmanagement ,productmanagement ,
commercialsecurity)'ReliabilityandQualityofEuropeanSoftware
(REQUEST)'
Proj.Ref300:A'84
Theprojectaimsatprogressinquantificationofsoftware
qualityandreliability,thusenablingtheirspecification ,
prediction ,measurementandassurance.
Theareasofworkincludethefollowing:
identificationandvalidationofmetricsforthe'quality'
concept,andconstructionofaquantitativemodelforits
prediction;particularemphasiswillbeputonrobust
regressionmethods;
—developmentofmetricsandmodelsforreliability
prediction ,bothforsoftwaresystemsingeneraland
fordomainsrequiringultra-highreliability(e.g.
fault-tolerant systems);
—investigationoftheimpactofusingformalmethods
onreliabilitypredictionanddemonstration ;
—definitionofamethodologyforthecertificationof
softwareproducts.
Tofacilitatethedevelopmentandvalidationofthe
metrics,theprojecthasinitiatedadatabaseforindustrial
dataonsoftwarequalityandreliability.Thepopulation
isprovidedbyvariousprojectsinEurope.2.2.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation
SoftwareProductionandMaintenanceSupport
'SoftwareProductionandMaintenanceManagement
Support(SPMMS)'
Proj.Ref282:A/84
Theprojectaimsatdesigningandimplementingasystem
supportingallmanagementactivitiesinthesoftwarelife
cycle.Oneofthemostimportantrequirementsofthe
systemistheadaptabilitytodifferentmanagementmeth­
ods.Theprojectplanstoreachthisobjectivebvbuildinga
basicgenericSPMMSKernelwhichshouldbeeasily
customizable ,possiblyusingarulebasedapproach.
Twocustomizations shouldundergofieldtrials,followed
bythecorresponding evaluationreports.
2.1.3.ScopeofFurtherWork
ManagementofAdvancedSoftwareProduction
IntegratedProjectManagementSystems'
Proj.Ref.814and938:A/85
Thetwocomplementary projectshavecombinedto
givetheabovenamedproject.Thetwopartsare:Ongoingprojectscanbeexpectedtoproduceareason­
ablecoverageofthetheoreticalbasisformethodsand
prototypetoolstosupportmoreformalapproachesto
thedesignoflargesequentialsystemsandconcurrent
systems.Thetwoveryimportanttopicsofcomponent
reusability(componentspecification ,verification ,vali­
dation)andsystemperformanceandplanningmetrics
arepoorlycoveredcurrently.

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/29
'ProjectIntegratedManagementSystems(PIMS)'
Proj.Ref.8142.3.1.Topics
Thetopicswithinthisareaare:
CommonToolEnvironment
Evolutiontomoreadvancedenvironments
Host/targetissuesTheprojectaimsatdevelopingarule-basedmanagement
systemtobeusedasaconsultantorasatrainingsystem.
Theprototypemanagementconsultantandmanagement
instructorwillbeevaluatedthroughfieldtrials.
'AnAutonomousandInteractiveWorkbenchtoaidSoft­
wareProjectManagement '
Proj.Ref.938
Theobjectiveoftheprojectistheimplementation ofa
prototypeworkbenchwithparticularemphasisonplan­
ning,projectcontrolanddecisionsupport.Thetoolsrely
heavilyonacommonknowledgebase.Thesystemis
intendedtobeUNIXVandPCTEportable.
Projects814and938areseenascomplementary :both
areconcernedwiththeproductionofintegratedman­
agementtools,project814putsemphasisontherule
basedapproach,project938onthecouplingwithsoft­
waredevelopmenttools.Bothprojectswillexchange
informationanddeliverablestoavoidduplicationof
work.2.3.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation
CommonToolEnvironment
'ABasisforaPortableCommonToolEnvironment
(PCTE)'
Proj.Ref32:A/83
TheprojectdevelopsaLayerofbasicfunctionalitiesfora
portablecommontoolenvironment .Thisenvironmentwill
beupwardscompatiblewithUNIXV.
ThePCTE'kernel'consistsof:
—basicmechanismsforprocesscontrol,interprocess
communication ,aswellasanObjectManagement
System(OMS)basedonanEntity-Relationship
model,andsupportingthesubschemaconcept:
—userinterfacemechanismsprovidingtheconceptsof
UserAgent(supportingwindows,menusandother
bitmapfacilities,andacommandlanguage)andof
ApplicationAgent(providingasyntax-directed editor
andtheinterfacetoUNIXtools);
—distributedfacilities(LANinterfaceandhigherlayer
protocols).
TwoprototypesofthePCTEkernelaredeveloped:a
UNIX-Based versionandanAda-basedone.
Specifications havebeenpublishedandarewidelycircu­
latedwithintheESPRITCommunity .
Thekernelwillbeevaluatedbydevelopingafewsignifi­
canttools,whichincludeaConfiguration Management
System(CMS)andaKnowledge-BasedProgrammer 's
Assistant(KBPA).2.2.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Previouscallsforproposalshavenotresultedinasuffi­
cientnumberofgoodprojectsinthissubarea.
However,workisinprogressonsimplemanagement
toolsandrule-basedmanagementsystems.
Workisrequiredwithinthissubareatoprovidethe
methodsandtools(eg.productcontrol,commercial
securityissues)forthesupportofreusablesoftware
components ,tocomplementtheworkidentifiedin
subarea2.1.
Itislikelythatsmallprojectsaddressingtheabovetop­
icswillbeconsideredforinclusionincall(s)forpropo­
salspublishedin1986.'AutomatedSupportforSoftwareEngineeringTechnol­
ogy(ASSET—feasabilitystudy)'
Proj.Ref.267:B/84
Theobjectivesofthisfeasabilitystudyaretodemonstrate
thetechnicalfeasabilityofaproposaltodevelop
advancedinteractivegraphicssupportforarangeof
methodscoveringeachphaseofthesoftwarelifecycle
andbasedontheEPOSsystem.
Theoutcomeof(hisfeasabilitystudyissummarizedina
finalreport.R&DArea2.3:CommonEnvironment
Inthissubareatheworkonenvironments cancovera
widespectrumoftopics:fromintegratedtoolsetsto
methoddrivensystemdevelopment support,from
applicationorientedsupportsystemstoenvironment
generators .

NoL365/30 31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities
Suchsystematictheoryofcomputerarithmeticaimsat
performingthebasicarithmeticoperationstomaximum
accuracyandprovidingsufficientcontrolovertheround­
ingprocesssoastoensurereliableerrorbounds.
Tinsprojectwillpursuedifferentapproaches:embedding
ofconvenientarithmeticnotationsintoADAandPascal;
Al-techniquesforformulatransformation andsymbolic
manipulation ;constructionofmethodological framework
andknowledgebasedonnumericalprogramming .PCTE-AddedCommonTools(PACT)'
Proj.Kef.951:A'85
Theprojectobjectiveisthedevelopmentanddocumenta­
tionofaninitialtoolsetforPCTE(Proj.32)withfocuson
thosebasictoolsthatapotentialuserwouldexpectto
findwitha'basicoperatingsystem'.Thisimplementation
ofalayeroffunctionalities abovePCTEbasicmechan­
ismswillprovidethetooldeveloperwithahigherlevel
interfacetoPCTE.Theprojectwillbeconductedinclose
collaboration withthePCTEproject.
Theprototypeversionmayincludeamongothers:
—toolsfordatadefinitionanddataquery'
—toolsforenvironmentadministration
—documentpreparationtools
—communication facilities(user-userandgateways)
—supportforC.Pascal,LispandProlog
—configurationmanagementtools'ARuleBasedApproachtoInformationSystems
Development '
Proj.Ref.928:B/85
Theprojectaimstoachieveinformationsystemswhich
moreaccuratelymatchthebusinessrequirementsof
users.Individualenduserrequirementsarecollected
usingarule-basedapproach.Theseviewsareintegrated
intoasinglemodelwhichissubsequentlyusedforappli­
cationgeneration .
Aprototypesystemwillbedevelopedconsistingof:
—arule-basedfactgatheringandpresentationsystem
withdifferentviewsforpresentationandwithvalida­
tiontools;
—aunifiedknowledgebase(UKB)tostore,aggregate
andvalidateindividualviews;
—anapplicationgeneratingsystemtorealizeapplica­
tionsfromrule-baseddescriptionsintheUKB,either
bvtransformation orbyinterpretationoftherules.Evolutiontomoreadvancedenvironments
GenerationofInteractiveProgrammingEnvironments
(GIPE)'
Proj.Ref.348:B/84
Themainobjectiveoftheprojectistoinvestigatethepos­
sibilitiesofautomaticallygeneratinginteractiveprogram­
mingenvironmentsfromlanguagespecifications .
Suchaninteractiveenvironmentwillbegeneratedfroma
completesyntacticandsemanticcharacterization ofthe
languagetobeused.
Suchsyntacticalandsemanticalcharacterization willbe
formallyexpressedinaLanguageDefinitionFormalism
(1DF):inferencerules-basedapproachandanalgebraic
approachareconsideredasthestartingpointforthe
designoftheLDF.
Aprototypesystemwillbedesignedandimplemented ,
consistingbasicallyofanLDFcompiler,afilesystem
andauserinterface .'ConceptsandComponentsReuseinknowledge-rich
Environments '
Proj.974and1094:A/85
Thetwocomplementary projectshavecombinedto
givetheabovenamedproject.Thetwopartsare:
'Aknowledge-base EnvironmentforSoftwareSystem
ConfigurationreusingComponents (KNOSOS)'
Proj.Ref.974
Theobjectiveofthisprojectisanenvironmentsupporting
amethodforcomponentsreuseduringsoftwareconfigu­
ration.
Theuserrequirementsforsuchanenvironmentwillbe
capturedthroughstudiesconductedbyindustriesfamiliar
withlargeapplicationsdevelopment .Developmentandintegrationofaccurateoperationsin
NumericalDataProcessing(DIAMOND)'
Proj.Ref.1072:B/85
Theprojectaimsatdevelopingmethodsandtoolsallow­
ingaccuratefloatingpointarithmeticoncomputers ,
basedonamathematical theoryofcomputerarithmetic
inwhichalloperationsaredefinedbyso-calledsemi-­
morphisms .

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/31
AKNOSOSprototypewillbeconstructedbyintegration
andadaptationofarelationalDBMS,aknowledge
representation andmanipulationtool,asoftwareconfi­
gurer,anautomatedconfigurationmanagementsystem,
andacommonuserinterfacewithgraphiccapabilities .
Thisprototypewillbeevaluatedthroughfieldtrials.(i)supportofwidespectrumlanguagesandinte­
gratedmixed-modeenvironments (e.g.functional
andlogicalprogrammingtechniques).
(ii)developmentofenvironment generatorsforthe
moreefficientsupportofadvanceddesignmeth­
ods.
Theabovetwotopicsarelikelytobeconsideredfor
inclusionincall(s)forproposalstobepublishedin
1986.
R&DArea2.4:EvaluationandDemonstration Projects
Tosupporttheurgentneedforfasttechnologytransfer
intoindustryitisparticularlyimportantthattheresults
oftheESPRITprogrammeincludequantitativeand
qualitativeassessmentofthecostsofintroductioninto
andtheuseoftheintegrateddevelopment environ­
ments,methodsandtoolsinacontrolledindustrial
environment .Thissub-areawillbecomeincreasingly
importantastheprogrammematures .'SupportSystemforpragmaticreuseofsoftwareconcepts
(PRACTITIONER )
Proj.Ref.1094
Thisprojectaimsatmethodstoidentify,isolate,docu­
ment.storeandretrieveprogramconceptsatthedesign
level,i.e.designideas,schemesforsoftwaresubsystems
andcomponents .
Thepotentialofalinguisticapproachasabasisfor
methodstoanalyseexistingprogramswillbeinvestigated .
Aprototypesystemsupportingthesemethodswillbe
evaluatedbyperformingextensiveexperiments .
Projects974and1094areseenascomplementary :both
projectsaimatreusability,butwithdifferentemphasis :
oneprojectaimsatnewindustrialpracticesallowing
softwareconfiguration byreusingcomponents ;the
otheronetacklesthedesignaspectsoftheproblem,
andlooksforreusableconcepts.
Bothprojectswillexchangeinformationanddelivera­
blestoavoidduplicationofwork.2.4.1.Topics
Thetopicstobeincludedinthisareaare:
Evaluationanddemonstration projectsforspecific
methodsand/ortechniques
Evaluationanddemonstration projectsforintegration
issues
Host/Targetissues
Atthemomenttherearenoprojectscoveringthisarea.2.4.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation
Evaluationanddemonstration projectsforspecific
methodsand/ortechniques
'SoftwareDevelopmentDemonstratorthroughGRAS­
PINMethodsandTools'
Proj.Ref.800:A/85
Thisprojectwillevaluateanddemonstratethesuitability
ofthestateoftheartinsoftwaredevelopmenttechnol­
ogy,forindustrialpurposes.Themethodologyandits
basicsetofsupporttoolswillbeprovidedbytheGRAS­
PINproject(PI25).
Theevaluationanddemonstrating oftheGRASPIN
methodologyandtoolswillbedonewithrespecttopro­
jectsintwoapplicationfields:ComputerIntegrated
Manufacturing andOfficeAutomation .2.3.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Theworkstartedin1983onthePortableCommon
ToolEnvironment (PCTE)hasprovidedthecentral
coreofthefirstgenerationenvironments workforthe
ESPRITsoftwaretechnologyprogramme .Theinter­
facesdefinedbythisprojectprovidethenecessarylink
fortheintegrationofthetoolsbeingproducedwithin
theothersubareasoftheSTworkplan .
Asaresultofthesupplementary callforproposalsin
1985workonadvancedenvironments andhost/target
issuesisexpectedtobelaunchedin1986.
Theworksupportedwithinthesubareamustprovide
theframeworkfortheadoptionoftheintegratedsup­
portenvironments intoindustry.Itisimportantthere­
foretoensurethattheongoingworkincludes:'Demonstration ofProspectraMethodologyandSystem'
Proj.Ref.835:A/85
ThePROSPECTRA projectwillprovidearigorousmeth­
odologyfordevelopingcorrectsoftwareanda

NoL365/32 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
anditisnowfeasibletobegintheexperimentation and
evaluationprocess.comprehensive supportsystem.Themethodandthetools
representasignificantdeparturefromthecurrentpractice
intheindustry.Theproposedprojectwilldemonstratethe
feasibilityofapplyingthismethodologyanditssupport
toolstoreal-lifeindustrialprojects.ThisisaparticularlyimportantpartoftheSTworkplan
anditislikelythatanumberofsmalldemonstrator
projectstogetherwithalimitednumberoflarge
demonstrator projectswillbeconsideredforinclusion
incall(s)forproposalspublishedin1986.Evaluationanddemonstration projectsforintegration
issues
Atthemomenttherearenoprojectscoveringthisarea.
2.4.3.ScopeofFutureWork
Theworkunderwaycurrentlyisreachingthestageat
whichearlyprototypemodelsarebecomingavailableTheobjectiveofthedemonstratorprojectsistoeval­
uatethemethods,toolsanddevelopmentsupportenvi­
ronmentsinanindustrialenvironment .Fundingfor
specificapplicationdevelopments willnotbeprovided
unlessforevaluationpurposes.
SUBPROGRAMME 3:
ADVANCED INFORMATION PROCESSING (AIP)
Thefollowingthemeswillbegivenpriorityfornew
workcalledforincall(s)forproposalspublishedin
1986:
(i)demonstrators (seesection3.1.3)
(ii)multi-sensorsystems(seesection3.2.3)
(iii)integrationofnumericandsymbolicprocessing
(seesection3.4.3)
R&DArea3.1:KnowledgeEngineering
ThisR&Dareaisconcernedwiththetoolsandtech­
nologiesneededtodevelopKnowledgeBasedSystems.3.0.Introduction
TheESPRITworkprogramme forAIPwasdeveloped
toensuressupportofadvancedtechniquesforthepro­
cessingofinformation .Itwasrecognizedthatthe
futurerequirements forinformationprocessingcould
notbemetbythemoretraditionalcomputational
methodsandhardwareandsoftwarearchitectures ,and
thereforeaprogrammewasdefinedtocover:
(i)knowledgeengineering
(ii)advancedsignalprocessingincludingman-machine
interfaces
(iii)informationandknowledgestorage
(iv)computerarchitectures
TheAIPsub-programme is,bydefinition,addressing
primarilyadvancedresearchtopicsandthereforeitisto
beexpectedthatthemajortopicslistedabovewillneed
continuedsupportin1986.However,someencourag­
ingresultshavealreadybeenobtained,particularlyin
theearlyapplicationsofknowledgeengineeringtech­
niques,andtheopportunities tousetheAIPTechnolo­
gieswithintheothersub-areasoftheESPRITpro­
grammewillbecomeincreasinglymoreevident.To
assistinthistechnologytransfer,greateremphasiswill
needtobegiventotheworkonadvancedsystem
designmethodsandthefocusingprojectswhichwill
providethequalitativeandquantitativeassessments
necessarytosupportthemovementofthistechnology
intoindustry.3.1.1.Topics
Thetopicofknowledgeengineeringneedstobe
addressedbyabalancedprogrammeoftheoretical
studiesandpracticalresearchanddevelopment pro­
jects,whichwillprovidethemethodsandtools
requiredtomovethisnewengineeringdomainprogres­
sivelyintocommercialandindustrialenvironments .
Thetopicswithinthissubareaare:
—KnowledgeProcessing
ItcomprisesKnowledgeacquisition,representa­
tion,manipulation includinginferencetechniques
andlearningtechniques .

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/33
—DialogueandNaturalLanguageincludinguseof
graphics
—Development andApplicationofKnowledge
BasedSystemsintotheoperationalenvironmentsrepresentational schemesinterpretedbydifferentinfer­
enceengines.Apromisingarchitectureappearstobeone
whichconsiderseachknowledgesourcetobeanindepen­
dentagent,whichonlycommunicates withothersuch
agentsviaaglobaldatastructure,underthesupervision
ofaflexibleschedulercapableofreasoningaboutcon­
trol.Inadditiontoarchitectural issues,theproject
emphasizestheimportanceofusermodellinginman­
machinedialogueandtheuseoflargedatabasestopro­
videanadvisorwithcomprehensive information .
Theconceptsproposedhavebeenvalidatedintheearly
stagesoftheproject,andworkisunderwayonafinancial
investmentadvisertobedemonstrated in1986.3.1.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation
KnowledgeProcessing
KnowledgeIntegration&ManagementSystems'
Proj.Ref.112:A/83
Theprojectisdesignedtoinvestigatekeyareasofinfor­
mationprocessingsuchasknowledgerepresentation ,
inferencingtechniquesandhumancomputerinterfaces .
Emphasisisonalanguageforknowledgerepresentation
andmanagementbasedonLISPandPROLOG;an
expertsystemsuitedtoassistsalesengineersindesigning
computerconfigurations ;anexpertsystemservingoffice
personneltoperformcomplexofficeprocedures (e.g.
resourceplanning).Thesecomplementary tasksfocuson
thedevelopmentofhardwareandsoftwarecomponentsto
managetheproblemsresultingfromthesizeandcom­
plexityoflargeknowledgebasesandtheassociatedrea­
soningmechanisms .'AdvancedLogicalProgramming Environments
Proj.Ref363-1-973:B/84
TheobjectiveistoproduceaprototypeAdvancedPro­
grammingEnvironmentforindustrialuse.Anumberof
areaswillbeaddressed;programmeexecutiononeither
parallelorclassicalarchitectures ;programcreationfrom
aspecificationlanguage;abstractdatatypespecification
andtheoremprovingifappropriate .
TostudyanddevelopthetoolsnecessaryforanEnviron­
mentforaLogicalProgramming languagelike
PROLOG ,theprojectmergesseveralacademicand
industrialresearchgroupsworkingonthissubject.It
aimsatimprovingtheprogrammer 'sreliabilitybytaking
advantagefirstlyoftherelationalnatureofLogicalpro­
grammingwhichallowsclearexecutable ,butmaybeinef­
ficient,specificationsand.secondly,ofitsgoodbehaviour
relativetotheoremprovingwhichallowsmuchbetterveri­
ficationandvalidationpossibilities .Thewidepotentialapplicationsareunderpinnedbyan
engineeringapproachwhereexistingtoolslikeOMEGA
weretakenaparttoinvestigatethefundamentalstruc­
ture.
Adevelopmentsystemforthecombinationofknowledge
sourcesandforcommunitiesofcooperatingagentsiscur­
rentlyintheimplementation phase.Finally,amanipula­
tionsystemforlargeknowledgebaseswillbedeveloped.
Asanexample,artextendedPROLOGSystemsconfi­
guratorhadbeenbuiltandisbeingusedforsystems
assemblybysomeofthepartners.
'IntegrationofSymbolicandNumericLearning
Techniques '
Proj.Ref1063:B/85
Theobjectiveofthisworkistoimproveknowledge
acquisitionforKBSystems.Theprojectwillidentifythe
bestfeaturesfromdifferentapproachestoknowledge
acquisition ,inordertoimprovethequalityof'noisy'
data.AnArchitectureforInteractiveProblemSolving
byCooperatingDataandKnowledgeBases'
Proj.Ref316:A/84
Themaingoaloftheprojectisthedesignandimplemen­
tationofanexpertsystemarchitectureforadvice-giving .
Theoriginalgoalofauserseekingadvicemaybeill­
definedandtheremaybeahugenumberofpotential
solutionsfortheusertochoosefrom.Thepurposeofan
automaticadvisoristohelptheuserarticulatehisgoals
andthentogeneratecandidatesolutionsfortheuserto
acceptorreject.Themaincomputational problemtobe
solvedisoneofcontrollingthecooperativefunctioningof
severalsourcesofknowledge ,whichmayusedifferentTheprojectwillbebasedaroundexistingsoftware:
MAIN-basedaroundMichalski'sINDUCEandAQ11,
asymboliclearner;AGAPEandAGAPE-Cwhichuse
theoremprovingtechniquesandtaxonomiesof

NoL365/34 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
descriptorsofexamplesets;andNEDDIEwhichisan
extendedversionofQuinlan'sID3,whichusesnumerical
manipulationtoconstrainitssearchspace.
Anexampleapplicationwillbedemonstrated in1987
showingintegratedlearningofsymbolicandnumerical
methods .guagefront-endtoastudents'recordsdatabase .An
importantelementoftheimplementation willbetheuse
ofnon-verbalsystems(e.g.,graphics,pointing ,icons)in
rolesanalogoustothenon-verbalcomponentsofhuman
dialogues .
Therobustdialoguecomponentoftheprojecthaspoten­
tialapplicationsoutsidethedatabasedomain.Elements
ofitcanbeusedinthedevelopmentofafront-endto
expertsystemsorforinformationretrievalinanoffice
environment .SeealsoProj.Ref.107describedunder3.3.
DialogueandNaturalLanguage
'ACORD:ConstructionandInterrogationofKnowledge
BasesUsingNaturalLanguageTextandGraphics'
Proj.Ref.393:A/84
TheACORDprojectfocussesonatrilingual(French.
GermanandEnglish)systemfortheautomaticconstruc­
tionofaknowledgebaseoutputofanaturallanguage
textandaretrievalandmanipulationsystemaimedat
casualusers.Theknowledgebasewillbebuiltfromdocu­
mentscombiningtextandgraphics(encyclopediaortech­
nicaltype)andwillbebasedonPROLOG.Thedeep
representation willbeaccessiblefromseveralcomponents
ofthesystemsinterface.Theanalysisoftextswillbe
basedonrecentresultsintheoreticallinguistics(discourse
representation theoryandfunctionalgrammars).'GraphicsandKnowledgeBasedDialogueforDynamic
Systems'
Proj.Ref857:A/85
Thisprojectwilldevelopimproveduser/systeminterfaces
fordynamiclarge-scaleindustrialcontrolsystems,bythe
designofintelligentgraphicsandknowledgebase
dialoguesystems.
Threecooperatingknowledgeprocessingexpertsystems
willbebuilt,thatwillgivetheoperatorofasupervision
andcontrol(S&C)systemintelligentsupportindiagnos­
ingandrecoveringfromfaults,andwillprovideanintelli­
gentgraphicsinterface.
AfurtheraimoftheprojectistoassembledifferentKBS
Demonstrators forusein'hard-tech'industrialenviron­
mentsandtoidentifyappropriatemetricationaspectsand
methods .
Theprojectwilldevelopexpertisebybuildingasetofdia­
loguedesignandspecificationtoolsforuseinsolving
problemsidentifiedduringasurreyofusersofS&C
systems.Thesetoolswillthenbeusedandtestedthrough­
outtheproject,tobuildthesesystems.
Theprojectattemptstoidentifymetricswhichareof
significance ,andmethodsfortheirassessment .Theknowledgerepresentation willbebasedonrecent
resultsinformalsemanticsandonlogicaltheoryofdata
bases.
Tosupportdialogue ,thesystemwillselectappropriate
presentationofoutput,textorgraphics,andidentify
relevantinformalionforoutput.Thesysteminterfacewill
featureasymbioticinterplayofgraphicsandnatural
language .
SeealsoProj.Ref107,311describedunder3.3and
Proj.Ref.1015describedunder3.6.
Communication FailureinDialogue:Techniquesfor
DetectionandRepair'DevelopmentandApplicationofKnowledgeBasedSys­
tems
ExpertSystemBuilder'
Proj.Ref.96:A/83
Theaimoftheprojectistoprovideasystemenabling
expertsystemstobedevelopedandtestedbypersonnel
inexperienced inartificialintelligence .Aringstructured
modelhasbeenidentifiedforthesystemtoallowprogres­
sivedevelopmentandextensionofthefacilitieswithinthe
individuallayers,withtheinnerringsbeingcompletely
independentofthedomain.Thetestsystemprovidesthe
toolsetfortheupperlayers,withthecapabilityforlaterProj.Ref.527:B'84
Theaimofthisprojectisthedevelopmentofarobustand
portablenatural-language interfacetoarelationaldata­
basesystem.
Theinitialstagesoftheprojectinvolvethestudyof
humandialoguesinasimulateddatabase-query environ­
ment,includingrecoveryfromvarioustypesofcommuni­
cationfailure.Fromananalysisofthesedialoguesa
formalmodelofthedialogueprocesswillbedeveloped .
Theformalmodelwillserveasabasisforacomputer
implementation ofanEnglishandItaliannatural-Ian­

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/35
myographic (EMG)examinationofpatientswithneurol­
ogicaldisease.Intheshorttermexpertassistancewillbe
implementedontwoseparate,well-definedandimportant
aspectsoftheEMGproblem;inthelongertermamore
ambitioussystemwillbedevelopedtoprovidemorecom­
prehensiveassistancetothephysician .Thefirstsystem
willbedemonstrated in1986toexemplifytheintercon­
nectofsignalacquisition ,knowledgebasedsystemsand
medicalexpertise .extensions .Aparticulardomainhasbeenchosen,thatof
diagnosisofelectronicsystems,becauseofitsincreasing
demandinequipmentandmanufacturing ,andlabour
intensivenessofthemethodspresentlyemployed .
Implementation ofthetoolsonsymbolicprocessorshas
commenced .Portabilityoftheeventualsoftwareandthe
independancefromdomainspecificcharacteristics are
themaindesignfactors.Thefirstdemonstrations ran
successfullyinSeptember 1984.
'TimeDependencyandSystemModellinginKBS's
DesignforIndustrialProcessApplications '
Proj.Ref.256:B/84
Theprojectaddressessomeoftheresearchtopicscon­
nectedwiththedesignofKBS'sthathavetocloselyinter­
actwithcomplexprocesses(e.g.industrialdiagnosis ,
plantmonitoring ,processcontrol,etc.),thusbeingableto
dealwithatypeofreasoningwheretimedependencyis
crucialandwherethereisaspecificneedforrepresenting
andusingqualitativemodelsofphysicalsystems.
Adetailedstudyatthelevelofsystemdesign(midway
betweenpurespeculationandprototyping)istoassessthe
stateoftheartandtodefineofeffectivearchitectures
andknowledgerepresentationparadigms .'Design,Experimentation ofaKBSArchitectureand
ToolKitforRealTimeProcessControlApplications '
Proj.Ref.820+865+1096:A/85
ThisprojectdealswithKBStoolsforrealtimeapplica­
tions.Thefirstphaseconcernsthestudyofthecurrent
stateoftheartinKBSforprocessapplications .The
secondphaseisadesignandimplementation ofaproto­
typeKBStoolkit.Thetoolkitdevelopedwillofferacon­
creteworkingenvironmentforKBSdesignersinacom­
plexdomain.
TheworkwillconcentrateononeaspectsuchasCAD
systems.
Theprojectwillinvestigatehowtheknowledgestructure
ofmultilevelhierarchicalreal-timeindustrialcontrol
systemsmaybepartitionedthroughwell-definedabstraction
levelswhichwillallowseparationofcontrol(procedural)
knowledgefromdescriptive(declarative)knowledge .It
willalsodefinemetricationtechniqueswhichwillbeeval­
uatedinconjunctionwiththebuildingofdemonstrators .'KnowledgeRepresentation andInferenceTechniquesin
IndustrialControl'
Proj.Ref387:A/84
Theaimoftheprojectistodesignandimplementan
ExpertSystemtoassistmaintenance ,faultdiagnosis ,
optimizationofdataflows,andcontrolinanindustrial
process-control environmentofveryhighcomplexity .
ThereforetheExpertControlSystemmusttakethetime-­
dependencyintoaccount,andcapturingofinputdata
mustbeaccomplishedautomaticallyandintelligently .
Toovercomecomplexitybarriersinsuchdevices,a
machinelearningcapabilityisincluded .
AdvancesoverexistingControlSystemslieinmaking
process-control moresecurebyassistingtheoperatorin
hisdecisionsandbyreducingthedrop-outrateofthe
controllingdevices.3.1.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Currentprojectsprovideareasonablecoverageofthe
basicknowledgeengineeringtechniques .Theapplica­
tionofknowledge-based systems(KBS)intotheopera­
tionalenvironment isbecomingincreasinglyimportant .
Smallprojectsaddressingthedemonstration ofKBS
techniquesandtoolsintheindustrialenvironmentare
likelytobeconsideredforinclusioninthecall(s)for
proposalspublishedin1986.Theobjectiveofthe
demonstrator projectsistoevaluatethemethods,tools
anddevelopmentsupportenvironments inanindus­
trialenvironment .Fundingforspecificapplication
developments willnotbeprovidedunlessforevalua­
tionpurposes.
'KnowledgeBasedAssistantforElectromyography '
Proj.Ref.599:B/84
Theaimoftheprojectistodevelopaknowledgebased
assistanttosupportphysiciansinallstagesofanelectroR&DArea3.2:AdvancedSignalProcessingincluding
Man-Machine Interfaces
WorkunderthispartoftheAIPsub-programme iscon­
cernedwiththedevelopmentofmethodsandtech­
niquestoenablethecontrolofcomputer-based

NoL365/36 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
systems,includingthroughappropriateman-machine
interfaces.Thesignalprocessingelementneedstobe
abletoacceptawiderangeofsignals,andbecapable
ofinformationextraction,interpretationforthesupport
ofdecisionmakinginreal-time.'AStudyofReal-timePerspectiveSynthesis'
Proj.Ref.411:A/84
ThepurposeofthisR&Dworkistostudypicturesyn­
thesisbasedonaverycompact20Gigabitssequential/
randomreadonlymemoryandhighspeedprocessors
whichcansupplypicturesynthesistechniquesinrealtime.
Themainworkwillbetostudythefeasibilityof35mm
filmfordatastorageandtodesigntheinterfacehard­
wareandsoftwaretechniqueswhicharerequiredforthe
completionofanexperimentalsystem.Inordertoiden­
tifydesireddesignfeatures,thepicturesynthesiswillbe
usedona3Ddisplaymixofcomputergraphicsand
terrainimagesforcockpitinstrumentation .3.2.1.Topics
Thetopicswithinthisareaare:
—ImageProcessing (2-dimensional and3-dimen­
sionalimages,depthandmotionanalysisandpic­
turesynthesis)
—Speechrecognitionandunderstanding (inparti­
cularcontinuousspeechinputandspeaker
independence )
—Multi-sensorsignalprocessingi.e.thecombination
ofanumberofseparateinputsignalsintoasingle
interpretation ofthecurrentstatusoftheopera­
tionalenvironmentwherethesignalsarederived
fromvision,sound,touch,sensors,etc.Initialresultsofthestudyhavebeenestablishedfora
varietyofrecordingandcodingschemes,readingtech­
niquesandfilmsubstrates .
Thisprojecthascross-references toESPRITarea3.3
'InformationandKnowledgeStorage'.
ImageandMovementUnderstanding '
Proj.Ref.419:B/84
Theproposedresearchisdirectedtounderstandthecom­
putationalbasesofvisionandmovement ,withparticular
referencetosceneunderstanding andcursivescript
understanding .Withregardtosceneunderstanding
(basedonstereopairsormultipleviewsofpictorial
imagesasinputtothesystem)theprojectisfocussedon
theinterfacebetweenthe'earlystages'ofcomputation ,
whichproviderichbutambiguousdescriptionsintermsof
low-levelfeatures,andthe'knowledge-based 'processing ,
whichgeneratesdescriptionsof3Dorganizationofthe
visualworldcompatiblewiththepropertiesofthephysical
world.Withregardtocursivescript,wethinkthatrecog­
nitionisstillafargoal.Basicknowledgeneedsstilltobe
acquiredaboutthemappingfromlinguisticmaterialto
handtrajectories .Thegoaloftheprojectistounderstand
thewritingprocessmorethanrecognizeit.Furthermore ,
weaddressthecognitivemodelingaspectwiththehypo­
thesisthatinterfacingitwithasignalprocessingstageis
essentiallycommontovisionandmovement .3.2.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsunderNegotiation
ImageProcessing
AdvancedAlgorithmsandArchitecturesforSignal
processing '
Proj.Ref.26:A/83
Mainobjectiveoftheprojectistodeveloparealtimesig­
nalprocessingsystemthatisdesignedtobecompatible
betweenfirst(i.e.featureextraction)andsuccessive(i.e.
recognitionandunderstanding )levelsofcomputingfunc­
tions.Theworkhasthereforebeenplannedtorunin
threeparallelareas:speechanalysis,imageanalysis,sig­
nalrecognitionandunderstanding .
Forimageprocessing ,theapproachconsistsofextracting
andmanipulating theinformationthatiscontained
withintheimage.
Thisinformationmaybedescribedeitherintermsof
structuressuchasedges,shapes,degreesofmovement
andtextures,orintermofstatisticalconstructs .Early
achievements includeanedgedetectorbasedontexture
changesandanoptimalshapeinterpolationtechnique
basedondynamicprogramming .Theinitialapplication
targetisthedevelopmentofasetoftools,bothalgo­
rithmicandhardware ,forthislevelofprocessing .Appli­
cationsinvolvingmedicalimageryandindustrialinspec­
tionwillbeusedtotestthesetoolsandtostudyarchitec­
turalandimplementation issues.'Realtimegenerationanddisplayofthe2.5Dsketchfor
movingscenes'
Proj.Ref.532:B/84
Theprojectwilldevelopandimplementademonstrator
prototypeofanimagingsystemwhichiscapableofprod­
ucingaformof2.5Dsketchdirectly.Thissketch,in

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/37
ofthisprojectconsistnotonlyoftheoreticalstudiesfor
thereconstructionof3Dstructureanddeterminationof
motionparameters ,butalsointhedesignandprototyp­
ingofavisionsystemaswellasitsimplementation in
VLSI.whichimageintensitywillherelatedtorange,willbein
one-to-onepixelcorrespondence withanillumination
intensityrepresentation generatedsimultaneously .
Statisticaloperationsperformedonsuccessiverange
estimatesshouldpermitamarkedimprovementoverthe
singlemeasureresolution.
'IntegratedOpticTechnologiesforRealTimeWideband
OpticalSignalProcessing
Proj.Ref.866:B/85
Thescopeofthisprojectistodevelopanintegrated
acousto-optical deviceincludingvariousopticalelements
aswellastheradiationsourceandsuitabledetectorsfor
one-dimensional signalprocessinginthe0.1-10GHz
range.Applicationsforsuchadevicerangefromsuper­
fastLANconnectionsto(1-D)correlationinradarpro­
cessingsystems(fordynamicclutterrejection).Thedevice
istoberuggedandcompact.'2-DCoherentOpticalDynamicProcessor '
Proj.Ref1035:B/85
Thepurposeoftheprojectistodevelopandimplementan
opticalcorrelatorforpatternrecognitionbasedonthe
mostrecenttechnologicaldevelopments .Thefeasibilityof
parallelopticalsignalprocessingisdemonstrated by
usingaspatiallightmodulator (electricallyand/oropti­
cally),asolidstatelaser,andnonlinearcomponents
basedontheFourWaveMixingfFWM)process,allow­
ingrealtimemodificationofthecorrelationfunction.By
improvingthespatiallightmodulatorandFWMcompo­
nentstechnology ,acorresponding improvement in
processorperformance isdemonstrated ,leadingulti­
matelytoaresolutionof1200x1200pixelsinparallel
atastandardTVframerate.
'ExternalInterfaceforProcessingof3-DHolographics
ImagesforAnalysisandControl'
Proj.Ref.898:B/85
Theaimoftheprojectisthedevelopmentofanexternal
interfacesystem,thatlinksphysicallygenerated3-D
imagestoinspectionandanalysisprocedures .Whilethis
hastobeageneralandflexiblesystem,itisusedinthis
projectforholographicinterferograms andX-ray
radiographsforapplicationsinareassuchasrealtime
testingandinspectionand3-Dmeasurement .Forthis
task,opticalandelectronicmethodshavetobecombined
inordertoextracttherelevantinformationfrommultiple
3-Dimages.Afurtheraimoftheprojectistheautoma­
tionoftheholographicinterferometry andtheX-ray
radioscopyforon-linetestinginthemanufacturing pro­
cess.SpeechRecognitionandUnderstanding
'AdvancedAlgorithmsandArchitecturesforSignal
Processing'
Proj.Ref26:A/83
Withrespecttospeechthetargetwillbetoextendcurrent
stateofthearttechniquesforrecognition .Thiswillbe
achievedbycombiningthecomplementary approachesof
automaticclassification techniques .HiddenMarkov
Models,andfeatureextraction .Theresultingsystemwill
betestedusingavocabularyintheorderof1000words
withconstrainedsyntaxandusingcontinuousspeech.
Subsequentworkwillconsistbothofimprovementtothe
systemanditsconstituenttechniquesandofinterfacing
thissystemtohigherlevelsofrecognitionandunder­
standing .Afrontendfordiphonesrecognitionwas
demonstrated in1984.
MultisensorSignalProcessing
Atpresentnoprojectaddressesthistopic.'DepthandMotionAnalysis'
Proj.Ref.940:A/85
Theobjectiveofthisprojectistosolveamathematical
andtheoreticalproblemunderlyingdepthandmotion
analysisatthelevelofhardwareimplementation .Proto­
typesofavisionsystemwillbeconstructed ,whichwillbe
abletoguideamobilevehicle,orarmsofindustrial
robots,duringobstacleavoidanceandarmmanipulation .
3.2.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Currentprojectsprovideareasonablecoverageof
systemsforfeatureextraction .ThemorecomplexTheaccomplishment ofthisprojectisrelevanttorobotics,
factoryautomationandaerospacetechnology .Thetasks

NoL365/38 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
problemsofmulti-sensorsystemsneedtobegivena
higherpriorityforfuturework.approachesand,eventually ,offindingoutcriteriain
favouroftheadoptionofoneofthem,inordertostart
thedesignofasystemembodyingtheselectedapproach.
Itislikelythatalargeprojectinthisareawillbecon­
sideredforinclusionincall(s)forproposalspublished
in1986.
R&D3.3Area:InformationandKnowledgeStorage
Effectiveknowledgebasedsystemswillneedtobeable
toaccessinformationandknowledgeinthemosttime-­
efficientmanner,andthisdatawillneedtobestoredin
themostspace-efficient manner.'AdvancedKnowledgeBaseManagementSystem'
Proj.Ref.530:A/84
TheprojectstudiesanddevelopsaprototypeofKBMS,
obtainedbyintegratingthedatabasetechnologywithan
inferencecomponent ,basedonlogicprogramming tech­
nology.Differentintegrationmechanismsanddifferent
strategiesforknowledgepartitioningareevaluatedwith
respecttoperformanceandreusabilityofexistingdata
bases.OptionsusingdistributedDBMSand/ordefining
thedistributedarchitectureattheinferencecomponent
levelwillbeconsideredandastructurewillbechosenfor
prototyping .Thepossibilityofusingthedatabasetech­
nologytostorethedeductiveknowledgewillalsobe
studiedasapossiblesolutionforverylargeknowledge­
basedsystems.Theprojectwilldeveloptools(typically
concernedwithvarioususerinterfaces)forbuildingand
usingknowledge-based systems.3.31.Topics
Thetopicswithinthisareaare:
—DefinitionandImplementation ofnewData/
Knowledgebasebuildingmechanisms .Theyare
requiredtoachieveacceptablespace-timetrade­
offsfortheadvancedknowledge-based systems.
—NewData/Knowledgebaseaccesses
—Newphysicaldevices
3.3.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsunderNegotiation
DefinitionandImplementation ofNewData/Know­
ledgeBaseBuildingMechanisms .
AdvancedDataandKnowledgeManagementSystems''NextGenerationIntegratedDataBaseandKnowledge
BaseManagementSystem'
Proj.Ref.1005:
Proj.Ref.1117:A/85
Proj.Ref.1133:
Theroleofthiscompositeprojectistodesignandimple­
mentasimulatorforanadvancedIntegratedDBand
KBMSbyconsideringresultsofearlierESPRITprojects
aswellasnewdevelopmentsoutsideESPRIT .Thiswill
includeaccesstonon-integrated andheterogeneous data
andknowledgebases,variousformsofknowledgerepre­
sentationsandprogramming .Thesystemwillalsopro­
videauser-friendlyinteraction .Applicationareaswillbe
studiedandchosenforasimulation .Furtherfeaturesof
thisprojectare:studyofparallelarchitectureforstorage
andprocessing ,andthedesignofsuitableinference
machines .Proj.Ref.311:A/84
Theprojectaimsatthedefinitionofanadvancedsystem
whichallowsanintelligentandefficientmanagement of
largeamountsofinformationstoredinit.Thefollowing
topicswillbeaddressed:
1.Informationandknowledgestorageorganisationfor
deductionandretrievaloffactsfromaspecific
domainusingpossiblyincompleteandinexactknow­
ledgeaboutthedomain(andrelatedmeta-know­
ledge).
2.Definitionofoptimisationtechniquesatthedomain
independentlevelaswellasatthedomaindependent
levelforefficientaccess.
3.Anaturallanguageinterpreter .Thethreeindividualprojectsare:
Proj.Ref1005:B/85.'NextGenerationDataBase
ManagementSystem—MUSTwhichisconcernedwith
preliminaryphasesinthedevelopmentofthenextgenera­
tiondatabasesmanagementsystem.
Proj.Ref.1133:B/85.'AdvancedModelforIntegration
ofDBandKBManagementSystems'whichaimsatthe
feasibilityofintegratingDBandKBMS.Theprojectwillalsoaddressissuesrelatedtologic
programming ,withthegoalofcomparingthetwo

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/39
Proj.Ref1117:B/85.'KnowledgeBasedUserFriendly
SystemfortheUtilisationofInformationBases'whichis
aimedataKBStoprovidesupportfortheaccessanduse
ofinformationfromaninformationbase.andknowledgebases.Theschemataofexistingdata­
baseswillbedescribedbysemanticdatamodels.
Theworkofthefirstyearstudyconsistsof:
—Designofastandardinterfacetoheterogeneous
distributeddatabasesbasedonaconceptualdata
model;
—Developmentofaninteractionmethodologybetween
theuserandthesystembasedonlogicalindepen­
dence;
—Designofanadvancedapplicationenvironmentfor
end-usersconcernedwithmodellingsomereality,
handlingexistingdataandknowledgeandcreating
solutionstostandardorunexpectedproblems .NewData/Knowledgeaccesses
'ALogic-oriented ApproachtoKnowledgeandData
BasesSupportingNaturalUserInteraction '
Proj.Ref107:A/83
ALogicOrientedApproachtoKnowledgeandData
Bases,supportingNaturalUserInteraction (LOKIj
applieslogicprogramming inanumberofnovelways,to
systemssoftwareandtoknowledge-based applications .
ThesystemssoftwareworkisallbasedonanewProlog,
Specialtoolsallowingaccesstodatabasesatsourcelevel
byavarietyofProlog-typelanguages .Thesetoolswill
formtheimplementation languageforahigh-levelknow­
ledgerepresentationformalism .Aconceptualmodelling
language(CML)willbedevelopedforgeneralrealworld
application ,basedonframesdefinablewithinpredicate
calculus .
OneuseofCMLwillbetostoretheknowledgeofproject
managementrequiredbyoneoftheproject'stwoapplica­
tionsystemswithaGermanandEnglishfront-end .
Anotherapplicationisthedevelopmentofanexpertsys­
temthatmodelssomeoftheknowledgeusedinaircraft
design.ThisiscalledADROIT ,andafirstprototype ,
restrictedtowingdesign,isalreadycomplete .HighDensitiesMassStorageMemoriesforKnowledge
andInformationStorage'
Proj.Ref.957:A/85
Thisprojectistodevelopfurthertechniquesassociated
withstoragetechnology,coveringperpendicularrecording
onfloppyandrigiddiscs,andmagneto-optical recording.
Inadditiontothedevelopmentofbasiccomponentsto
supportthesetechnologies ,workwillhecarriedoutinto
definingtheinternalcodingofthedata,localintellig­
ence'characteristicsofthestoragedeviceandsystem
requirementsusingthedevices.
Thethree-yearobjectivesofthisprojectincludeproto­
typesforperpendicularmagneticrecordingonfloppyand
harddiskswithdensitiesofabout100000fciandthepre­
sentationofathermomagnetic discdrivewithatleast
15000fciand150msaccesstime.
IntelligentHelpforInformationSystemUsers'
3.3.3.Scopeforfurtherwork
Currentprojectsprovideareasonablecoverageofthis
subarea .
Itisunlikelythatthisareawillbeconsideredfor
inclusionincall(s)forproposalspublishedin1986.Proj.Ref.280:B/84
Theprojectproposestoinvestigateapproachestowards
helpingusersofinformationsystemslearnoptimallyto
exploitthefunctionsofthoseinformationsystems .These
approacheswillbeoperationallyimplemented intheform
ofaprototypeHELPsystemtoprovideguidelines ,
instructionsandexplanationstouserrequestsforinform­
ationsystemsfacilities .AsetofUNIXutilitieshave
beentargetted,andbasedonthisademonstration ofa
structuralhelpsystemwasgivenin1985.R&D3.4Area:ComputerArchitectures
ThisR&Dareainvestigatesthepotentialfornew
formsofcomputerarchitectures .
'KnowledgeBasedUserFriendlyInterfacesfortheutilis­
ationofInformationBases'
Proj.Ref.641:B/84
Theprojectdefinesaknowledge-based systemtoprovide
user-friendlyinterfacestoexistingandnewdatabases3.4.1.Topics
Thetopicswithinthissubareaare:

NoL365/40 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
implementsomeoftheminsystemsnearertothecom­
mercialsphere.Theprimeobjectiveistoreducetheexe­
cutiontimesrequiredbyA.I.applicationsbyasubstan­
tialfactor.Concurrencywillbeachievedthroughalarge
numberofidenticalprocessingelementsimplementedin
VLSI.Ideally,aconcurrentmachineshouldsupportall
threeprogramming styles(objectoriented,functionaland
logic)whichwillallowthefullexploitationofconcur­
rency,buttheprinciplesuponwhichsuchamachinecould
bebasedarenotyetfullyunderstood .Allthreestyleswill
beexploredthroughstudiesintomachineswhichsupport
eachprogrammingstyleseparately ,andthroughcommon
workinggroupswhichwillexploreseveralareasof
generalrelevance.
Allsubprojectsarebasedonmessagespassingbetween
identicalunits,herecalledPCMs,consistingofcommuni­
cationhardware ,processinghardwareandlocalmemory.
Inadditiontothesubprojectsandworkinggroups,an
applicationstudygroupwillbeformedtoselectapplica­
tionswithwhichthevariousstylesmaybeevaluatedand
theirsuitabilityforvariousfieldsofapplicationestab­
lished.—Development ofnewcommunication mechanisms
Thiswillallowgreaterconnectivityofmachines
supportingcurrentarchitectures .
—Development ofnon-von-Neumann machine
architectures
—Developmentofarchitecturesfortheintegrationof
numericandsymbolicprocessing
—AdvancedMachineArchitectures forhighlycon­
currentprocessing .
Thetopicofadvancedmachinearchitecturesnecessar­
ilyincludesconsideration ofmachineperformance ,
reliabilityandavailability (hardwareandsoftware
aspects)andthedevelopmentofappropriatedevelop­
mentsupportenvironments .Theworkwillpromote
advancesinbasichardwareandsoftwaretechnologyby
providingearlyindicationoftherequirements from
workinthemicroelectronics andsoftwareareaswith
respecttoadvancecomponents ,andwillalsoprovide
fruitfulapplicationsareasforthesetechnologies ,e.g.
architecturesforopticalcomputing .
Advancesincomputersystemdesignisafundamental
prerequisiteofsuccessfulrealizationofmanyofthe
targetsforthedevelopmentofinformationtechnology .
3.4.2.Currentprojectsandprojectsundernegotiation
Developmentofnewcommunication mechanisms .
'TheConnectionMachine:aDependableOpenDistri­
butedSystemArchitecture '
ProfRef.818:B/85
ThisprojectwilllookatthebasicproblemsofanOSI
LANarchitecturewithfaulttoleranceasaprimary
requirement .'ParallelAssociativeDevelopmentMachineasaVehicle
forA.I.'
Proj.Ref.967+1106:A/85
Timecriticalapplications ,suchas'realtime'speechand
imageunderstanding needsuitablehigh-performance
computersystems.
Thisprojectisintendedtoaddressthisrequirementbvthe
constructionofacommondevelopment machine
(PADMAVATI ).Theproposedmachinearchitecturewill
bebasedonanarrayofcomputational nodeseach
containingahighperformancemicroprocessor ,memory
andcommunication interfaces .Theprogramming envi­
ronmentwillbebasedonstandardPrologandLispwith
extensionstosupportparallelexecution.Theresulting
hardwarearchitectureandsoftwaresystemwiltbetested
byimplementing experimental ,computationally intensive
tasksfromthefieldsofnaturallanguage,speechand
imageunderstanding onthecompletedmachine.IntegratedEnvironmentforReliableSystems'
Proj.Ref.874:B/85
Theoneyearperiodwillbeusedtoclearlyspecifyeach
partoftheiroveralltemdesign(architecture ,host
software,interconnection )withreliabilityandfaulttoler­
ancefunctionalityDevelopmentofarchitecturesforintegrationofnumeric
andsymbolicprocessing.
Atpresentnoprojectaddressesthistopic.
AdvanceMachineArchitectures forhighlyconcurrent
processing.Development ofnonvon-Neumann machines
architectures
'ParallelArchitecturesandLanguagesforA1P—
AVLSIDirectedApproach'
Proj.Ref415+313:A/84
Thisprojectaimstoinvestigatethedifferentnon-von­
Neumanarchitectures previouslydescribedand'MessagePassingArchitecturesandDescriptionSystems'
Proj.Ref440:B/84
Theprojectwillbuildthreelevelsoftoolsforthedevelop­
mentofExpertsystems:

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/41
3.4.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Currentprojectsprovideareasonablecoverageofall
topicsincludedinthisexceptfortheintegrationof
symbolicandnumericprocessing .
Itislikelythatalargeprojectinthisareawillbecon­
sideredforinclusionincall(s)forproposalspublished
in1986.—Messagepassinglanguages
—Descriptionlanguagesforknowledgerepresentation
—Reasoningandstrategyprogramming
Theprojectwilldeveloptechniquesforimplementing
messagepassinglanguagesthatwillexploitnewhighly
parallelarchitectures .
Thetechniqueswiltcoverissuesofrun-timesupportlike
allocation,migration,garbage-collection andpersistency
ofactors.Adescriptionsystemwillbedevelopedtosup­
portthebasicmechanismsofknowledgerepresentation :
conceptualhierarchies ,inheritance ,attributions .
Toperformreasoningonthedescriptionsystem,rather
thanprovidingafixedstrategy,primitivesandconstructs
willhedevelopedthatwillallowtoprogrammedeductive
strategiestailoredtospecificapplications .Strategy
executionwillbeperformedconcurrentlybyalargenum­
berofactorseachexploringasmallportionoftheknow­
ledgebase.
Attheendoftheproject,therewillbe:
1)asolidimplementation ofmessagepassing;
2)techniquesforexploitingspecializedconcurrenthard­
waretoimplementactorsefficiently:
3)apackageofknowledgerepresentation primitives,
and
4)adescriptionsystemandrelatedinteractiontools;
withapplicationsrangingacrosstheKBSandMMI
spheres.R&D3.5Area:DesignandSystemAspects
3.5.1.Topics
Thedefinitionoflifecyclemodelsforadvancedinfor­
mationprocessingsystemswillbeanevolvingactivity
whichwillneedtorespondtotheprogressbeingmade
inthevarioussub-areasofthisprogramme .Itisimpor­
tanttoensurethatthistopicisfullyintegratedwiththe
relatedworkintheSoftwareTechnologyprogrammeso
thatapracticalevolutionarystrategyforboththeinclu­
sionofnewdevelopmentmethodsbasedonAIPtech­
niquesintodevelopmentsupportenvironmentsandthe
productionofdevelopmentsupportenvironments for
theproductionofadvancedinformationprocessing
systems.
3.5.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsunderNegotiation
'DesignofTechniquesandToolstoaidintheAnalysis
andDesignofKnowledgeBasedSystems'
Proj.Ref.12/304:A/83
Thiswasapilotprojectthatinvestigatedthetypesof
toolsanddesigntechniquesnecessaryfortheanalysis,
design,implementation andtestingofKnowledgeBased
Systems.Thepurposewastospecifythetechniqueswhich
willaidinthebuildingexpertsystem.Inparticularvaluable
workwasdone,andagoodinsightwasmadeintoana­
lysingtheprocessofKnowledgeAcquisition.Thefindings
oftheprojectwereusedasabasisfortheproposalofpro­
jectRef.1098.'DevelopmentandApplicationofaLow-CostHighPer­
formanceMulti-Processor Machines'
Proj.Ref.1085:A/85
Thegoalofthisprojectistodevelopaprototypehighper­
formanceflexiblemultiprocessor computer.Acomputa­
tionrateof500millionfloatingpointoperationsper
secondwillbeachievedbyconcurrentoperationofalarge
numberofspeciallydevelopedVLSIfloatingpointpro­
cessors.Themachinewillbeimplementedasaregular
arrayof'super-nodes 'witheachnodeconsistingoftypi­
cally20processors .Aconfigurableinterconnection stra­
tegyineachnode,usingaswitchingnetworktobedevel­
opedinthisproject,willprovideaflexiblearchitecture
suitableforawiderangeofscientificandengineering
problems.
Itisproposedtodemonstratetheutilityoftheconfigura­
blearchitecture ,bothforuseasasingle-userworkstation
(operatingwithasinglesuper-node)andasthebasisfor
alarge,powerfularrayofsuper-nodes ,bymountinga
rangeofapplicationsoftware.ThesewillrangeoverCAD
forVLSI,signal-processing ,large-scalemodellingand
simulation .Aprototypewillbebuiltbytheendof1987,
andamachinewillexistbytheendof1988.'AMethodologyfortheDevelopmentofKBS'
Proj.Ref1098:A/85
Theprimepurposeofthisprojectistoassistthetransfer
ofKnowledgeBasedSystemstechnologyintocommercial

NoL365/42 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
usebyprovidingmethodological guidanceforthe
developmentprocess.ItisbelievedthatKnowledgeBased
Systemsdevelopmentcanbetreatedasaparticularcase
ofsoftwareengineeringandthatthesamerequirements
mustbeplacedonthedevelopmentofKnowledgeBased
Sytemsasonothertypesofsoftware.InshortKBSmust
beproducedtospecificationandtoacceptablestandards
byacontrollableprocess.3.6.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation
'ACaseStudyforSatelliteData—ARTS-IP'
Proj.Ref.867:/85
Thisprojectisaimedatreal-timeimageprocessingusing
SyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)imagesforremote
sensingasatest-bed.
3.5.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Atthecurrenttimethesingleprojectunderwayinthis
areatogetherwiththeworkinsubprogramme software
technologyisconsideredtobesufficient .'IntegrationofAI,VocalI/OandNLDialogue—
ApplicationtoDirectoryServices(PALABRE)'
Proj.Ref1015:/85
Thisprojectaimstodesignandimplementaquestion­
answeringsystemforeasyaccessto,andmodificationof
aninformationbase,integratingsystemsofnaturallan­
guage,speechrecognition ,dialoguemodellingandknow­
ledgebasedtechniques .Itisunlikelythatthisareawillbeconsideredforinclu­
sionincall(s)forproposalspublishedin1986.
R&D3.6Area:FocussingProjects
3.6.1.Topics
Thediversebutinter-relatednatureofthetopicscov­
eredbyadvancedinformationprocessingrequiresthat
thebasicR&Dprogrammebesupportedbyamechanism
fortheintegrationofresultsfromthevariousprojects.'ShipboardInstallationofKnowledge-Based Systems
ConceptualDesign'
Proj.Ref.1074:/85
Thisprojectisaimedatconceptsfortheutilisationof
advancedKBSonships,andwilldevelopsystemsthat
allowshipscomplementtoreacheconomiclevels,allow­
ingflaggingofshipsbyMemberStatestocontinue,stop­
pingthedrifttoflagsofconvenienceandthusmaintain­
ingsafetyandperformancestandards.
Futureinformationtechnologysystemswillneedthe
successfulintegrationoftheresultsfromthebasictech­
nologyR&Dprogrammesandthereforethevehicleof
focusingproject-,withintheAIPprogrammewill
becomeincreasinglymoreimportantastheprogramme
matures .3.6.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Thedefinitionphasesofthreefocusingprojectsare
currentlyinprogress.Thecontinuedsupportofthese
projectswillbereviewedintheautumnof1986.
SUBPROGRAMME 4:
OFFICESYSTEMS
4.0.Introduction
Informationisanimportantinstrumentofcompetition .
Thisconceptisnowwidelyrecognised .OfficeSystems
provideamajorvehiclethroughwhichinformationcan
beappliedasanaidtonavigationthroughthepresentturbulentchangesinbusiness,technology ,commerce
andgovernment .
Whilethepotentialcontributionofinformationtech­
nologytoimproveeffectivenesscanbeeasilyrecog­
nised,thedeliveryofsolutionstotheinformation

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/43
classicaldataprocessingtointegratedinformationpro­
cessinginadministrations andindustrialandservice
enterprises,bywhichthefutureworkenvironmentwill
becharacterized .Forthatpurpose,systemsarchitec­
tures,functionalmodulesandcommunication net­
workswithstandardized interfacesarenecessary .
Indevelopingthesesystems,whichareessentialforthe
survivalofourindustrialcompanies ,humanandsocial
factorshavetobeconsideredintheearlystagesof
planning.Onlyinthiswaycanweensurethatthesys­
temswillbeacceptedlateronbytheusersandthat
economicexpectationwillalsobemet.
Takingintoaccounttheabovementionedintegrated
approach,thesubprogramme hasbeendividedinto
fiveresearchareas.Theaimsare:problemareasisanentirelydifferentmatter.Theprob­
lemsare'fuzzy'andfrequentlythesolutionprocesses
appeartobeartisticratherthanscientific.Theusersof
informationfrequentlyhavelittleornoknowledgeof
thetechnological contentandnecessarytechnical
processesthatareinvolvedinprocessinginformation .
Themajorityofusersrequiresolutionsandnotprod­
ucts.Thesesolutionshavetobereasonablycomplete
andthisimpliesthatintegratedsystemsmustbeprov­
ided,notonlyinthesenseoftheinterrelationship of
thetechnicalcomponents (bothhardwareandsoft­
ware)butalsointermsofthefunctionsthatthese
componentsperformasasupporttotheday-to-day
operations,planningandstrategydevelopment of
organizations .
ThechallengesfacingOfficeSystemsdevelopment
include :
—Providingintegratedinformationsystemarchitec­
turesandscenariosfortheirimplementation ,that
willalowrapid,economicandreliableadaptation
tothechangingneedsofagreatvarietyofprivate
andpublicenterprises .
—Understanding andsupportingthenon-determinis­
tictasksofawiderangeofofficeworkersandnot
justprovidingatechnologicalupdateoftraditional
andlimitedofficefunctions .
—Achievingmajorimprovements inhuman-system
interfacesthatrealisticallyalloweffectiveuseof
officesystemsbyawiderangeofofficeworkers.
—Thedevelopmentofsolutionorientedapproaches
toofficeproblems -Deliveringproductelements
andsomeservices,andexpectingtheusertocreate
thetotalownsolutioncannotcontinue .Officesystemscienceandhumanfactors(4.1)
(a)Toanalyzecurrentandpredictedofficeactivitiesto
determinehowinformationtechnologymightbe
appliedtoimprovetheeffectivenessofofficework
andorganizationandoftheenterpriseasawhole.
Besidesautomationofvariousfunctionsandthe
useofknowledgemanagement methods,this
meansbettersupportparticularlyforclerks,profes­
sionalandmanagerialstaffinexecutingtheirjudge­
mentaltasks.
(b)Toimproveunderstanding ofhuman,socialand
culturalfactorsintheofficeandtoensurehighper­
formanceofuserswheninteractingwiththesys­
tems,whilstatthesametimeofferingoptimal
workingconditionsandensuringadequateorgan­
izationandindividualacceptance .
Advancedworkstations andhuman-machine interfaces
(4.2)
Toestablishmajornewhuman-machine interfacetech­
nologies,peripheraltechnologiesanddocumentrepre­
sentationtechnologiesandinformationmanipulation
relevanttothedevelopmentofofficeworkstationsfor
useinadvancedofficesystems.ThekeyEuropeanopportunityrelatestothedevelop­
mentofsystemsolutions .TheimplicationsofEuro­
peanrequirementsmustbethatthesesolutionshavean
adaptability ,flexibilityandinbuiltinterworkingcapa­
bilitythatwillbearealstrengthoutsideEurope.This
willonlybetrueiftheapplicationoftechnology
reflectsadegreeofusersensitivityinadvanceofour
majorcompetitors .
Communication systems(4.3)
Tocreatethebasictechnologiesrequiredforadvanced
officecommunication systemsincludingtechnicalfun­
damentalsincommunication systemsarchitecture ,opt­
icaltechnologies asaparticularlysignificanttechnol­
ogy,themanagementofresourcesconnectedbynet­
works,andsystemaspectsofvalueaddedservices.ResearchworkinthefieldofOfficeSystemscanbe
characterized asfollows:onthebasisoffundamental
andmethodological developments inVLSI,software
technology,andknowledgerepresentation andsome
otherfields,integratedandappliedsystemsolutions
aredevelopedwhichtakeintoconsideration user
requirements andforeseeableevolutionsinthetech­
nical,socialandeconomicalfield.
TheOfficeSystemsprogrammeprovidesthekeyele­
mentsandconceptsthatmarkthedevelopment fromAdvancedmulti-media information storageand
retrievalsystems(4.4)

NoL365/44 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
Toacquirethesystemandapplicationsexpertise
relatedtostorageandretrievalofallformsofoffice
informationinelectronicstoragesystemsinauser
organizationinanadequateway.
Integratedofficeinformationsystems(4.5)
Tocreateflexible,reliableandeconomicaltotalinfor­
mationsystemarchitectures andimplementation
scenarios,andtocheckthevalidityofthetotalinfor­
mationconceptsinenvironments thatarerealisticand
allowquantitiveevaluation .
Prioritywillbegiventointegrationprojectsespecially
inarea4.5.Officesystemsanalysis
(a)operationalandfunctionalanalysisofoffice
requirements
(b)benefitsanalysis
(c)aglossaryofagreedterminology
(d)analysisofhumantaskswithintheoffice
Officesystemsdesign
(a)officesystemdesignmethodology
(b)modellingandsimulationofofficeinformation
systems
(c)transactionmonitor
(d)deterministicandjudgementalfunctions
(e)techniquesforuserinterfacedesign
Humanfactors
(a)humanfactorslaboratories
(b)human-machine cognitivecompatibility
(c)qualificationandwork
(d)useraidsandlearningtools
(e)human-machine interfacespecificationlanguage
(f)naturallanguageinterpretationandproductionR&Darea4.1:OfficeSystemsScienceandHumanFac­
tors
Thisresearchprogrammehasbeendevisedtogivea
belterunderstanding oftheofficeenvironment .Offices
arethe'nervoussystem'ofanyenterprise .Thesemust
beorganized,staffedandequippedforeffectiveand
efficientoperation,andinterfacedwithotherbranches
oftheenterprise(suchasresearchlaboratoriesand
manufacturing )andtheexternalenvironment .
Atpresenttheunderstanding ofthisfieldispatchy.
Thereisnoformalscienceofofficeautomation as
thereisforproductionautomation .Thisprogramme ,
however,makespossiblecoherentapproachestoonthe
problems,rangingfromempiricalstudiestoconsistent
operationalclassifications anddefinitionofcomputer­
basedanalysisanddesigntools.
Consistentwiththisapproach,themaintopicsidenti­
fiedare(a)officesystemsanalysis,(b)officesystems
design,(c)humanfactorsand(d)thepossibleapplica­
tionofknowledgebasedmethods.Theanalysispartof
theprogrammedeliversusefulinputforthedesign
orientedphases.
Itisevidentthattheincorporation ofhumanfactors,
especiallyintoatechnology-oriented programmeisan
essentialprerequisiteforeffectiveuseandabroad
acceptanceoftheenvisagedsystemsandthusfortheir
finaleconomicsuccess.Theresearchprogrammethere­
foreincludesspecificresearchprojectsonhumanfac­
torsrelatedtotheofficeenvironment andthisleadsto
programmesforcognitiveaspectstogetherwithwork
stiucturing,qualificationandtraining.Humanfactors
laboratoriesarealsoseenaskeycompetencecenters
andcatalysers,offeringthepossibilityofunbiased
judgmentregardingexperimentalsystemsandoncom­
mercialproducts.4.1.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation
FunctionalAnalysisofOfficeRequirements '
Proj.Ref56:B/83
Theprimarygoalofthisprojectistheinvestigationand
analysisofofficefunctionsthroughtheapplicationofa
newmethodbeingdeveloped .Theprojectwillprovide
guidelinesfortheevaluationofavailableofficesystems,
anditwillsupportthemanufacturers choiceoffacilities
tobeintegratedintothesystem.Theprojectincludes
developmentofmethodstoassesskeyqualitativeand
quantitativebenefitstobegainedthroughtheuseofcom­
puter-basedofficesystems,andmethodstoassessindivi­
dualandsocialresistancetotheeventualintroductionof
informationtechnology .
Themethoddevelopedwillbeappliedtotheanalysisof
informationsystemrequirementsandtoinformation
technologyassessmentforimportantOSapplication
domains.Suchdomainsexplicitlydealtwithintheproject
areatpresent:publicadministrations ,largemanufactur­
ers,hospitals,theteleworkenvironment '.
Thisprojectandtheprojects285and813willfully­
exchangeresultsandcoordinateplanning.4.1.1.Topics
Thetopicstobestudiedinthisareainclude:

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/45
asanessentialcontributiontoallpartsofthedesign
processcycle.
Theexpertiserequiredforthistaskwillbegainedin:
2.Investigationofinteractionmodesofthehuman/
machineinterface,andconstructionofamulti-modal
HMItoachieveoptimalinterplayfromthepointof
viewofhumanfactors.
3.Theexpertisegainedin1)and2)willbemadeavail­
abletotheEuropeanindustryasawholebya)
developingasoftwarepackageforanintegrated
decisionsupportsystemandb)byorganisingabroad
programmeofpublications ,seminars,workshopsand
consultancyactivitiesthroughoutEuropeanITindus­
try.
Inthepursuanceoftheseobjectives,theprimarysubject
forstudywillbehowpeopleuseinformationandforwhat
purposes.Userreactionstoexistingequipmentwillpro­
videessentialevidenceforsuchstudies.ToolsforDesigningOfficeSystems(TODOS)'
Proj.Ref813:B/85
Theprojectobjectiveistodeveloptoolstosupportoffice
systemsdesign.Thefivegoalsare:
—toinvestigatemodelsforofficesystemsdesign,from
thelevelofdetailofafeasibilityanalysistothelevel
ofdetailofanimplementation specification;
—toprovideadesignsupportenvironmentbasedon
graphicalinterfacesandusingexperttechniquesto
guidethedesignandidentifyproblemsandincorrect
specifications;
—toprovidetoolsfortheevaluationoftheproposed
officemodelsatthedifferentdevelopmentphases;
—toprovidetoolsforthechoiceofanarchitecturefor
theofficesystem;
—toprovidetoolsforofficeprototypingformspecifica­
tionoftheconceptualmodel.
Thisprojectandtheprojects56and285willcoordinate
planningandfullyexchangeresults.Theoutputoftheworkisexpectedtobeanunderstand­
ingofintrinsichumanrequirementsindependentof
equipment ,thatcanbeappliedateverystageinproduct
designfromabstractconceptiontotheresolutionofcon­
cretedesignissues.Therewillbeexplicitrecognitionthat
asaconsequenceoftheopen-endednatureofthehuman
useofinformation ,consciousattentionmustbegivento
theinterfacebetweenaninformationsystemandits
humandesignersaswellasitsusers.Someemphasisis
giventouserlearningprocessesandtheirsupportby
meansofITsystems.'OfficeSupportSystemsAnalysisandDesign(OSSAD)'
Proj.Ref285:B/84
Theprojectaimstocreateamodelforanintegratedoff­
icesystem,basedonthemostrecentstudies,butgoingas
faraspossibleinatotalintegration .Inparticularthefol­
lowingsubjectswillbeaddressed:modellingofficetasks
andactivities,developingalanguage(grammarand
vocabulary),developingamethodforthespecification
andmeasurementofperformance ,producingdesignpro­
ceduresforofficesystem,assessingrequirementsfor
user-orientedinformationmanagementsystems.
Thisprojectandtheprojects56and813willcoordinate
planningandfullyexchangeresults.Anadditionalresultoftheprojectwillbethedevelopment
ofadynamicglossary(GLOT)inthejieldofinformation
scienceandtechnologywithin3years.Theglossarywill
beconstructedonthebasisofalargeunifiedsystemati­
zationprovidingnotonlyterminological definitionsbut
alsointer-andintralingualinterconnections betweenthe
lemmataandtheirparts.EnglishandGermanterminol­
ogywillbeusedinthestartbutintheendalllanguages
oftheEuropeanCommunities willbeincluded.
'CognitiveSimulatorforUserInterfaceDesign''HumanFactorLaboratories inInformationTechnolo­
gies'
Proj.Ref385:A/84
Theprojectaimsatprovidingafocussingpointfor
humanfactorsactivitiesinEurope.Threemajorfieldsof
activitycanbedistinguished :
1.Thedevelopmentofamethodologyfortheintegra­
tionofHumanFactorsknowledgeintoITproductsProj.Ref234:B/84
Thistwo-vearprojectisaimedatthedevelopmentofa
simulationtooltoassistdesignersinassessingthehuman
cognitivecompatabilityofparticularinterfacedesignsfor
comparativepurposes.Deliverablesincludethesoftware
packageanduserguidewithareviewofcognitivemodell­
inganddialoguedesignguidelinesderivedfromvalida­

NoL365/46 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
tiontrials.Theproducedsoftwaremustbecompatible
withtheresultsofstandardization ofe.g.operating
systems.
4.1.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Thisareaiswellcoveredbyprojectsretainedandis
unlikelytobeconsideredforinclusionincall(s)for
proposalstobepublishedin1986.codingschemes.Voicecommunication betweenman
andtheofficesystemwillrequirethedevelopmentof
efficientspeechrecognitionandofanaturalspeech
synthesizer.
Animportantaspectoffacilitatingthestandardization
oftheinterfacewiththehumanworldandthepaper
worldiseasy-to-useformalizedlanguages.Theseareto
bedesignedinawaywhichallowstheuser,ratherthan
thecomputerprofessional ,tospecifyhisneedsdirectly
tothesystem.
Theimplementations andtestingofuserdecisionsup­
portfunctionsareconsideredtobeimbeddedinthe
workstation .Availabilityofthesefunctionsissupposed
tobeakey-factorinthecompetitionamongoffice
products .
Thedevelopmentofspecificsysteminterfacecompo­
nentsshouldleadtoageneralarchitecturewhichwill
allowtheintegrationofthesubsystemsinanarchitec­
turallyhomogenoussolution.Althoughtheworkitems
arephrasedintermsofintegrationintoaphysical
workstation ,proposalsshouldnotnecessarilybecon­
finedtothosewhichassumethatalltheassociated
functionality isresidentintheworkstation .Solutions
involvingdistributedfunctionalityaccessedovercom­
municationlinksareequallyrelevant.
Muchofthesoftwarethatsupportstheuserwillreside
intheworkstation .Anyrulesthatare,orwillbe,agreed
uponinordertoimproveportabilityofsoftware,
shouldbeimplemented .Thisappliesalsotorulesand
agreementswithrespecttootheraspectsofthesystem.R&DArea4.2:AdvancedWorkstations andHuman­
MachineInterfaces
Theworkstation istheuser'sgatewaytotheoffice
system.Useracceptanceanduserperformancedepend
onthedesignofthecorresponding human-machine
interface.
Themostimportantchannelforinformationinputto
thehumanuseristhevisualchannel.Thischannel,as
wellasthebi-directional vocalchannel,haveevolved
toprovideinformationformotoricactivitieswhich
shouldbeadequatelyintegratedinoperatingtheinter­
face.Inconsequence ,VDU'sandtouchkeyboardsand
spcechreceptorswillemergetoformanintegrated
input/outputdevicesuitabletomanipulatetextand
imagesbydirectmanualandvocalcontrol.Preferably
thescreensshouldhavethedimensionsandportability
ofpaper(electronicpaper).Anotherapproachtoa
morecomfortable 'visualinput'willbethelargescreen
display.Theneedformuiti-functional capabilitieswill
requirethedevelopment ofdeviceswhichallow
graphicinputandediting,on-linehandwritingand
ideogrammatic conversation .
Aslongasthereisnoportablepaperlikedisplay,print­
ingwillbenecessaryandtheneedwillbegrowingfor
faster,moreversatile(text,graphic,colour)printersat
lowcost.Theprovisionofhuman-machine interfaces
whichsupportthecompleterangeoffunctionstradi­
tionallycarriedoutbypenorpaperisnecessary.
Ahighproportionoftelephoneorface-to-facecom­
municationindicatesthatvisualandspokeninforma­
tionwillbepreferredwheneveritisapplicable .Visual
communication willrequirethedevelopmentofhigh
definitioncolourvideoscanningdeviceswiththe
necessaryprocessingcapabilitiesforefficientstorage
andtransmission andtheuseofthemultifunction flat
paneldisplay.
Thevoicechannelcannothandleasmuchinformation
asthevisionchannelbutisourmostefficientcarrierof
naturallanguage.Voicecommunication willrequirethe
developmentofsophisticatedprocessingforimproving
theacousticenvironment ,andthedefelopmentof4.2.1.Topics
ThefollowingR&Dtopicsareidentified :
Systemaspects
(a)Systemaspectsofworkstationdesign
(b)Workstationsecurity
Vision
(a)visioninterface
(b)flatpanelworkstationdesign
(c)highresolutionvideoimager
(d)imagecoding
Paper
(a)paperinterface
(b)advancedscanner
(c)advancedprinter
(d)microfilminterface
(e)graphicscoding

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/47
servicestooutsidesuppliers,transmittingandreceiving
graphicinformationandconnectingthealphanumeric
anddatafunctionsandthevoicetelephonesystem.
Asecondaimoftheprojectistostimulateharmonization
onthehumanandnetworkinterfacelevelsamong
Europeanmanufacturers .(f)graphicsrecognition
(g)intelligentgraphicsrecognition
Speech
(a)speechinterface
(b)speechcoding
(c)speechrecognition
(d)speechsynthesis
(e)intelligentspeechrecognition .
Officelanguagesandprocedures
(a)officedocumentarchitecturesandlanguages
(b)officeinterfacelanguages
(c)multi-mediadocumentmanipulation
(d)intelligentuserfunctionsupportComponentsforFutureComputingSystems'
Proj.Ref.956:A/85
Thisprojectaimsatthedesignandexperimentation with
aReducedInstructionSetComputerRISC)computerof
Europeanarchitecture ,startingfromtheestablishedstate
oftheart.Thecomputerisprimarilyorientedtowards
officeworkstationsandfileserverswhereitwouldper­
formhighlysophisticatedfunctionsinauserfriendly
manner .(e)usertousermultimediacommunication
4.2.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation'AnOfficeSystemsResearchWorkstationforEurope
(ERW)'
Proj.Ref.1032:A/85 'SecureOpenMultimediaIntegratedWorkstation
(SOMiwy
Proj.Ref367:A/84
Theprojectinvolvesthedesignandimplementation ofan
officeworkstation (WSjwhichisbasedonthe'opensys­
tems'conceptallowmgthegenerationofstandardproto­
colsjarcommunication media.Itisthuspossibletolink
theViSwithdifferenttypesofnetworksandwithISDN.
TheWSwillbecapableofprocessingdifferenttypesof
informationincluding:text,fixedandmovingimages,
graphics,voiceandhanddrawings .TheWSwillusea
network-oriented operatingsystemtocontrolmultiwin­
dowsandadistributeddatabasemanagementsystem.Its
main'hardware'partswillinvolve:a32-bitCPU,inter­
mediatecapacityofdisk,highresolutionscreen,mouse,
camera,digitizerandcompressorofspeech,loudspeaker ,
opticalcharacterscannerandappropriatenetworkingcir­
cuits.Thesewillbecomplemented byadeviceandproce­
durestocontrolaccess.Theoverallobjectiveofthisprojectisahardwareconfig­
urationandsoftwareenvironmentssuitableforresearch
andprototypingadvancedintegratedofficesystems.This
willstrengthentheEuropeancomputerindustryand
reduceitsdependenceoncostlyforeignproducts.
Specifictechnicalobjectivesincludedevelopingwithin
3yearsanadvancedprototypewith:
—veryhighperformanceatalowcost;
—hardwaredesigntoexploitVLSImanufactureand
RISCarchitectureintheprocessordesign;
—openarchitecturesothatresourceselsewhereonthe
networkcanbesubstitutedforlocalresources;
—toolsforlanguagedevelopmentforgeneratingRISC
codetointerpretvirtual-machine instructionset;
—programmingenvironmentsforseverallanguages.
Ademonstrable prototypeoftheworkstationwillbe
availableinthethirdquarterofthethirdvear.
'IntegrationofEuropeanTypewritersasLowCostOffice
Workstation '
Proj.Ref.855:B/85
Theprojectisaimedatassessingthefutureroleoftype­
writersconnectedtoofficenetworkscomprisingother
workstations ,fileserversanddataprocessors .
Theprojectwillimplementandtestaprototypeintegrat­
ingvariousofficefunctionssuchaselectronicmail'InteractiveHandlingofDigitizedImagesattheUser
Interface'
Proj.Ref79:B/83
Thisprojectcoversthedifferentaspectsofpicture
handlingattheuserinterfaceinanofficeenvironment:
processing ,storage,presentationandmanipulation .
Amongtheaimsoftheprojectaretheidentificationof

NoL365/48 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
userneedsforpicturehandlinginamulti-mediainter­
face,andthedevelopmentofuniformdescriptorsforthe
pictureproperties .—electronicrepresentationofdocumentsregardlessof
theoriginalmeansofcreation;
—methodsforoptimizingthereproductionofdocu­
mentscontainingpictorialcolouredinformation .
Theseincludecolourprocessinginnovativecompres­
sionalgorithmsandenhancementofcolourrendition
methodsinordertofinallyreproduceonanappro­
priateoutputdevicetruecolourpictorialinformation;
—theprocessingtoreproduceanelectronicdocument
fordifferentoutputmedia(softcopy,hardcopy,and
transmission);
—theencodingandrecognitioninrealtimeoftextual
andgraphicalinformationastypicallyproducedby
man.
Theresultswillbeimplementedinaresearchmachinefor
thepurposesofevaluationanddemonstration .
Thisprojectiscomplementary toproject853.'ModellingandSimulationoftheVisualCharacteristics
ofModernDisplayTechnologiesunderOfficeWorkCon­
ditions'
Proj.Ref.612;B/84
Theprojectaimsatdesigning,engineeringandbuildinga
simulatorinordertotestpropertiesofthedisplaysbased
uponnewtechnologies .Specificobjectivesare;comparison
ofdisplayssimulatedaccordingtouseracceptability
criteria;conductingalimitednumberofergonomic
experimentsdesignedtosimulateprolongedofficework
conditionstoobtainmoreinsightintoarchitecturaland
technologyfactorsrelatedtoqualityand'visualconfort'.
'Acquisition ,CompressionandReproductionofTrue
ColourImageDocuments ''AHighCompressionPictureCodingAlgorithmforPho­
tographicVideotex'
Proj.Ref563:B/84
Thepurposeistodevelopwithagroupthatisrepresenta­
tivebutsmallenoughtobeeffective,ahighcompression
picturecodingmethodologythatcanbeappliedtotelevi­
sionsignals.Thefinalgoaloftheworkisthedefinitionof
aselectedcodingtechniqueasapossibleEuropeanstan­
dardforphotographicvideotexonISDN.Proj.Ref853;B/85
Theprojectwilldealwithmethodsforoptimizingthe
reproductionofdocumentscontainingpictorialcouloured
information .Thereproductionofacolourdocumentcon­
sistsofafewessentialsteps,fromtheinputoftheori­
ginaltothefinalprintoutofthecopy.Furtherinterme­
diatestepswillbedevelopedinordertooptimizethefull
process:theseincludecolourprocessinginnovativecom­
pressionalgorithmstoachievehighefficiencyinstorage
andtransmissionfunctionsandenhancementofcolour
prictorialinformation .
Anintegratedfeasibilitymodelwillbedevelopedto
demonstratetheresultsoftheresearch.Threemodules
willbeproduced:
—printerprototype
—scannerprototype
—coding/decodingmodule
Thetechniquesresearchedshouldleadtolow-cost
devices.
Thisprojectiscomplementary toproject295.'VideoCodingat256KBits/S'
Proj.Ref925:B/85
Theprojectconsistsofsurveysandspecifications ,and
harmonisation effortsamongleadingmanufacturers .The
Surveystobecarriedoutareofthetechnicalrequire­
mentsinTeleconferencing .Thespecificationsarefor
movingpictureCODECSintherange384-64Kbit/s.
'ThePaperInterface'
Proj.Ref.295:A/84
Thisprojectaddressestheroleofpaperandpaper-related
processesinthecontextofadvancedelectronicoffice
systems.Researchwillbeconductedintotechniquesthat
efficientlyhandleinformationonpaper,andthatwill
promotetheultimatereductionofpaperuse.
Particulartechniquesconsideredare:
—theelectronicreadingofpreviouslypreparedpaper
documentstoencodeimage,andencodeandrecog­
nizetextandgraphics;'AmorphousSiliconContactImagerforOfficeand
GraphicApplications '
Proj.Ref.1051:B/85
Theobjectiveofthisprojectistodevelopahighresolution
advancedcontactimagerforofficeandgraphicapplica

OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85 NoL365/49
Methodswillbeinvestigatedforthespecificationofappli­
cationsincludingtollsforgeneratingapplicationsand
languagespecificknowledgesources.
Experiments willbedoneforEnglish,Frenchand
German.Theprojectisplannedovera5yearperiod.
Theparticipantsareindependentandindustrialresearch
organizationsfromFranceandGermanywithanindus­
trialpartnerfromtheUK.
Thisprojectiscomplementary toproject64.tionswhichwillresultinverycompactsystems.Inthis
projectnewtechniques ,i.e.HOMOCVDandphotodisso­
ciationtodepositamorphousSiwillbeinvestigatedaim­
ingathigherstability.
Theprojectwill:
—developalinearcontacttypescanningimagesensor
witha-S:resultinginaverycompactsystem,
—investigatenewtechniquestoimprovetheproperties
ofthiscontactimager.
Inthisfirstphaseofalargerangedevelopmentpro­
gramme,alinearcontacttypeamorphoussiliconimager
withamatrixread-outinparallelblockswillbedevel­
oped.
'LinguisticAnalysisoftheEuropeanLanguages
Proj.Ref291:B/84
Theobjectiveofthisprojectistoprovide,intheformof
computerdatafilesandassociatedmethodology ,the
followingconcerninganumberofEuropeanlanguages:
—dictionarylemmata,flections,grammaticalcatego­
ries;
—algorithmsandtablesforconvertingtheorthographic
formintothephoneticoneandvice-versa;
—algorithmsandtablesforthewordstressassignment;
—statistics,rankinglemmataandflectionsby
frequencyofuse;
—texts,suitableforextractingfurtherstatistical
information .
Theprojectresultsarefundamentalforanumberofother
projects,inparticularthosedealingwiththenatural
speechandlanguage.
Aspecificationphasehasstartedandwillbefollowedby
thedevelopmentofalinguisticprocessorforhigh-quality
multi-language text-to-speech conversionsystemsandfor
largevocabularyspeechrecognitionsystems.Thecutter
shallalsoprovideforerrordetectionandcorrectionin
stringtobepassed.'SpeechInterfaceatOfficeWorkstations(SPIN)'
Proj.Ref.64:A/83
Theobjectiveofthisprojectistodevelopthebasiccompo­
nentsofandintegratetheseinto,acomprehensive
speechinterfaceattheworkstation .Thecomponentsare:
speechanalysis,speechrecognition ,speakerverification ,
speechcodinganddecoding,andspeechsynthesis.
Fortheintegrationofthecomponentsitisimportantto
haveanunderstandingoftheusageofthespeechin
human-machine communication ,andthequality/func­
tionalityaspectsthatmakethattheinterfaceisaccepted
bythehumanusers.Thesetwoaspectswillbestudied
extensively .
Asconcernsthecoverageofdifferentnaturallanguages ,
theseareatpresent:Italian,French,DutchandGerman.
Anextensionofthisprojectwillthenfurtherinvestigate
andimplementasystemtorecognizeandunderstand
continuousspeechusingadvancedtechniquesinthefields
ofnaturallanguageunderstanding ,computational
linguisticsandartificialintelligence .
'IntelligenceandKnowledgeAidedRecognitionof
Speech(IKAROSy
Proj.Ref954:B/85
Implementation ofasystemtorecognizeandunderstand
continuousspeech,speakerindependentandinrealtime.
Restrictedtoasingleapplicationandasubsetofnatural
languagerelevantfortheapplication .
Modelswillbedevelopedtoperformanintegrationof
prosodic,syntactic,semanticandpragmaticknowledgein
therecognitionsystem.InvestigationintotheEffectiveUseofSpeechatthe
Human-MachineInterface'
Proj.Ref449:B/84
Thisprojectwillidentifytherequirementsforeffective
voiceinterfacesinparticularforCAD/CAM/CAEwork­
stations.Thepartnersareuserresearchassociations ,end
users,andfirmsthataresuppliersinthevoiceandcom­
puterfields.
Theprojectresultsarefundamentalforanumberofother

NoL365/50 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
projects,inparticularthosedealingwiththenatural
speechandlanguage.willbe'objectiveC\anobjectorientedpreprocessorjorC
whichiscommerciallyavailableand,hence,rendersno
restrictiontotheportabilityofthesoftwareproducts
delivered.Theworkincludesademonstration ofdocu­
mentinterchangebetweendifferentvendormachinesand
installations ,andthedevelopmentofacommonuser
interface .
Aspectsofintegratedsystemsarecoveredinanumberof
projects,althoughafullyintegratedsystemapproachis
notaddressedinaprojectyet.
Thisprojectiscomplementary toproject121.
'IntelligentWorkstation (IWS)'
Proj.Ref82:B/83
Thegoalofthisprojectistoprovidetheofficeworker
withanintegratedworkstationsoftwarewhichcanpro­
videsophisticated servicesrangingfromspeechand
graphicstoexpertleveldecisionaidsandautomated
reportgeneration .Theprototypeworkstationtobedevel­
opedwillbetestedinDenvironmenis providingcommuni­
cationfacilitiesandconnectedfileservers.Muchempha­
siswillbelaidontheapplicationofmethodsandsoft­
warethataimedatrepresentingknowledgeoftheoffice
environment .HandlingofMixedText/Image/VoiceDocuments
BasedonaStandardized OfficeDocumentArchitecture '
Proj.Ref.121:A/83
Basisforthisworkisasophisticated objectoriented
documentarchitecturebeingstandardised uptothefirst
basiclevelbyECMA,ISOandCCITT.Bytheproject,
conceptsandarchitectureswillbeelaboratedandverified
thatsupporttheeasyandnaturalprocessingofdocu­
ments.Theprojectwilldefineandtestbridgesbetween
theessentiallypaper-oriented officeworldandtheelec­
tronicdocumentworldoftomorrow ,(seealso
area4.2.5.(c)).
Theinitialobjectiveofthisproject,thatwillstartwitha
specificationphase,istoprovideintheformofcomputer
datafilesandofcomputermethodfieldscodedinhigh
levellanguage,thefollowingconcerninganumberof
Europeanlanguages:
dictionarylemmata,flections,grammaticalcategories:
algorithmsandtablesforconvertingtheorthographic
formintothephoneticoneandvice-versa;
algorithmsandtablesforthewordstressassignment:
statistics,rankinglemmataandflectionsbyfrequencyof
use:
texts,suitableforextractingfurtherstatisticalinforma­
tion.
Theprojectresultsarefundamentalforanumberofother
projects,inparticularthosedealingwiththenatural
speechandlanguageandwillbeusedincontinuation
phasewheretheaimwillbetodevelopalinguisticproces­
sorforhigh-qualitymulti-language text-to-speech conver­
sionsystemsandforlargevocabularyspeechrecognition
systems.Thecuttershallalsoprovideforerrordetection
andcorrectioninstringtobepassed.
Thisprojectiscomplementary toproject1024.'ExtendedOfficeProcessMigrationwithInteractive
PanelDisplays'
Proj.Ref878:B/85
Inthisprojectaprototypesystemistobedevelopedwhich
combinestheconceptofextendedprocessmigrationwith
anovelpaneldisplaydeviceinordertoassessandpres­
entofficeactivities.Typicalofficeactivitiesconsistof
taskswhichareperformedinaparallelorsequential
mannerbypersonsinofficeroles.Theseactivitiesare
describedformallyinordertoautomatethem,wherethe
singletasksaretobeperformedHoweverwherethe
involvementofhumanbeingsintroducenondeterministic
elements,thesearetobeincludedasexceptions .
Extendedofficeprocessmigrationcoversboththefor­
mallydescribedflowofworkandthehandlingofexcep­
tionswhichoccurfrequently ,especiallyinofficework.On
thebasisofofficeprocessmigrationaprototypeofanoff­
icesystemistobedevelopedasatoolfordesign,optimi­
zationanddemonstration ofofficeactivities.'PilotingoftheOfficeDocumentArchitecture (PODA)'
Proj.Ref.1024:A/85
TheprojectistoimplementthenewODAstandardforan
officedocumentarchitectureunderUNIXinanessen­
tiallyportableway.Apilotversionofthesoftwarewillbe
portedtooneofthehardwareproductsofeachmanufac­
turerintheconsortium .Thesoftwaretobeusedispartly
implementedalreadyinProject121.Otherparts(essen­
tiallyasyntaxdriver,adaptableformatcheckerandtrans­
lator)willbewrittenforthisproject.Thelanguageused4.2.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Inthisareathefollowingtopicswillbeconsideredfor
inclusionincall(s)forproposalstobepublishedin
1986.

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/51
—VisionandDisplay:Inadditiontoexistingprojects,
aprojectwillbeconsideredthatdealswithtechno­
logyintegrationfortheman-machine interface.
—Officelanguagesandprocedures :Thereare4pro­
jectsintheofficelanguageandproceduressubarea
coveringabroadspectrumalready.Nonetheless
thissubareaisverywideandimportant;workwith
respecttointelligentusersupportandofficeinter­
facelanguagesemphasizingmulti-linguism isparti­
cularlylacking.Thethirdtopicdealswithresourcemanagementina
distributedenvironment .
Thefourthtopicintendstoadvancethestandardiza­
tionofvalueaddedcommunication servicesintheoff­
icee.g.intheformofmailboxmessagingfortext,
imageandvoice,andformulti-mediainformationsys­
temssuchasadvancedvideotex .
Architecture
(a)communication systemarchitectures
(b)securityincommunications
(c)harmonization issuesincommunication
Technology
(a)opticalwidebandLAN
(b)advancedswitchingtechniques
Resourcemanagement
(a)distributedsystems
Services
(a)multi-modemessaging
(b)ISDN-basedadvancedvideotex
(c)teleconferencing
(d)advancedservicesR&DArea4.3:Communication Systems
Officecommunication presentsanumberofpossible
longleadtimeresearchtopics.Technological advances
areneededinmicroelectronics andinfibreoptics,and
researchisnecessaryontheprinciplesoffuturecom­
municationsystemssuchaswidebandlocalareanet­
works(LAN),theinterconnection ofLAN'sandthe
gatewayfacilitiesformultimodefunctionality .R&D
shouldleadtonewsystemsandtostandardsconsistent
withtheISOreferencemodelforopensystemsinter­
connection (OSI).Besidesthesetechnicalproblems,
therearenon-technical problemareaswhichhavetobe
addressedinordertosupporttheprogressofoffice
communication systems.Therequirementsofoffice
communication havetobeexploredmoresystemati­
callytogetamoresolidbasisforfuturetelecommuni­
cationsystemdesign.Thespecialaspectsofhuman
interfacewithcommunication havetobestudied,and
thefuturerelationshipofthePTTstonewlocalcom­
municationsystemshastobeconsidered .Newlan­
guagesandoperatingsystemfacilitiesarenecessaryin
connectionwithdistributedsystems.4.3.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation
BroadSiteLocalWidebandCommunication System'
Proj.Ref73:A/83
Thisprojectisconcernedwiththeresearchanddevelop­
mentofalocalareawidebandcommunication systemfor
broadsites.Theprototypesystemdevelopedwillmeetthe
anticipatedfuturecommunication requirementsoflarge
industrial ,scientificandadministrative organisations .
Theprojectwilltakeintoaccountdata,text,voiceand
graphicscommunication needs,anditwillprovideback­
bonenetworksandgatewaysforheterogeneous LANs.4.3.1.Topics
Withinthisscopeofpossibleresearchactivities,four
maintopicswhichcoversomekeyissueshavebeen
determined .
Thefirsttopicisdedicatedtothefundamentalquestion
—howtoprovideacommoncommunication system
forallofficecommunication needs.Thisquestion
becomesmoreandmoreurgent,sincenon-voicecom­
municationwillbeneededatalmosteverydeskinthe
futureandvideocommunication isonitsway.
ThesecondtopicaddressesthewidebandLAN,
includingtheapplicationofopticalfibres,andallthe
technological problemsrelatedtothis.Itisalsocon­
cernedwiththeroleofswitchedcommunication inthe
office .Itaddressestheproblemsofadvancingfrom
currentsingleserviceswitchingtechniquestowards
multiservicevariablebandwidthswitchingwhichwill
allowtheinterconnection ofallofficeperipheralsand
resources .'Communications SystemsArchitectures '
Proj.Ref237:A/84
Theemphasisoftheprojectisonthedevelopmentofnew
architecturesfortheinterconnection ofterminalsand
resourcesinanintegratedmulti-serviceenvironment .The
networkdevelopedinthisprojectwillreflecttheopen

NoL365/52 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
systemsandnetworks.Toachievethis,theprojectisto
studythefollowingareas:
—overallarchitecturecharacteristicsofanetworking
gateway;
—thefunctionaldefinitionofanetworkinggateway
(includingperformanceandconnectivitygoals),and
aformalizedapproachtodesignanarchitectureof
suchagateway;
—implementation-oriented issues(e.g.hardware/soft­
waresplit,suitabletechnologies),andaformalized
approachtothetransformationofspecificationsinto
implementations andontoparallelhardware;
—performanceanalysisofproposedarchitectures ,spe­
cificationsandimplementations ;
—Rapidprototypingofdesignsusinghardware/soft­
waretrade-offsasappropriate .systemspolicybyprovidinginterfacesfollowingOSI
standards .
Atopdownapproachisproposedinthreephases:
Phaseonewillidentifytheneedsforcommunication by
analysisofuserrequirements .Alogicalmodelofcom­
municationwillbedeveloped .Aproposalwillbemadefor
theintegrationofadistributedoperatingsystemwithin
theopensystemstructure.
Phasetwowilldevelopthephysicalarchitecturebymap­
pingthelogicalmodelfromphaseoneontoactualcom­
municationtechnology .
Phasethreewillbethedevelopmentofthosesystemele­
mentsidentifiedinphasetwotoachieveapilotnetwork
demonstration .Thepilotnetworkwillbebenchmarked
forperformancetoevaluatesystemdesigndecisionsin
phasetwo.
'LocalIntegratedOpticalNetwork(LION)'
ProfRef.169:A/83
TheLIONprojectisimplementingawidebandlocalarea
networkbasedonopticalfibretechnology ,withmajor
applicationintheofficeenvironment ,includingsuch
applicationsinindustrialresearchlaboratories ,universi­
ties,hospitalsandmanufacturing plants.TheLIONwill
guaranteemultipleaccesstoanumberofindependent
userswiththerequirementsofdistributedprocessingand
distributedintelligence ,andhandlevoice,data,textand
videotraffic .Veryhighbitratesareforeseen,requiring
newtechnologiesinintegratedopticsandveryhighspeed
electroniccomponents .'AnIntegratedNetworkArchitectureforOfficeCommun­
ications'
Proj.Ref.395:A/84
Theprojectistodesignanddefineanarchitectureforoff­
icecommunications ,andtodemonstrateapilotimple­
mentation .Thearchitecturewillbecapableofincluding
alltypesoflocalandwideareanetworks,suchasoptical
LANs,CATVbroadbandnetworks,PABXs,packet­
switchednetworksandtheemergingintegratedservices
digitalnetwork(ISDN).
Theintegratedarchitecturewillbedemonstrated ina
pilotintegratednetworkincludingthebroadbandnetwork
andavarietyofotheravailablelocalandwideareanet­
works,andlinkingtheprojectpartners'sites.Thedemon­
stratedapplicationswillincludeanenhancedversionof
thedocumenthandlingenvironment .'TALON—TestingandAnalysisofLocalAreaNetwork
OpticalNetworks'
Proj.Ref.870:B/85
Aspecialtask(TALON)isaimedatprovidingsolidtech­
nicalandcommercialphilosophyfortestingcomplexopti­
calLANs.Itsupportsandcomplementscommunications
systemdesignactivities.Manyofthecurrentlyestab­
lishedmethodsfortestingpoint-to-point opticalfibre
linksareineffectivewhenappliedtocomplexoptical
topologies.Thesub-projectwillbuilddemonstratorsand
evaluatetheireffectivenessindifferentenvironments .
Thisprojectiscomplementary toproject169.'Standardisation ofIntegratedLANServicesandService
AccessProtocols'
Pioj.Ref43:B/83
Theaimoftheprojectistodefinetheservicestobeprov­
idedbyanintegratedtrafficLANandtodefineastable,
LAN-technology independentinterfacebetweenDTE
andLANaccessunit.Thisinterfacewillcomprisethe
physicalinterfaceandtheserviceaccessprotocolsby
meansofwhich(heservicescanbeused.
ParallelArchitectureforNetworkingGatewaysLinking
OSISystems(PANGLOSS)'
Proj.Ref890:B/85
Thisprojectistobuildaprototypehigh-performance net­
workinggatewayusingahighly-parallel architecturein
ordertomeettheanticipateddemandforlinkingOSI'UltraWidebandCoherentOpticalLAN'
Proj.Ref.249:B/84
Theprojectwillinvestigatethefeasibilityofutilising
coherentopticaltechniquesinalocalareanetworkby

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/53
addressingbothtechnicalandsystemissues.Itwillcon­
sidernewmachinearchitecturestoimplementhighband­
widthtransmissionsoforderofseveralGbits/secfor
differenttypesofinformationincludingvoice,textand
image.4.3.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Inthisareamulti-modemessagingserviceswillbecon­
sideredforinclusionincall(s)forproposalstobepub­
lishedin1986.
DynamicallyAdaptableMulti-ServiceSwitch'
R&DArea4.4:AdvancedMulti-MediaStorageand
RetrievalSystems
Proj.Ref1059:B/85
Thisprojectintendstoidentifyandexploittherelative
advantagesofaswitchorientedcommunication architec­
turewithrespecttothewidevarietyoftrafficandservices
necessarytotheoffice.Theprojectincludesarequire­
mentstudy,anadvanceddesignandtechnologyinvestig­
ation,apartialprototypesufficienttoillustratetheprinci­
pleandalsoalternativearchitecturalprinciplesincluding
theconceptofbandwidthswitching.Geographiclocation
ofterminalswillbealsoconsideredandthetrafficgener­
atedandtheperformancerequiredbyafutureoffice
communication system.
'ConstructionandManagementofDistributedOffice
Systems(COMANDOS)'
Proj.Ref.834:A/85
Themaingoalofthisworkisthecreationofanefficient
andeasytouseenvironmentofthedevelopmentand
managementofdistributedapplications .Tomeetthis
objectivecombinationsofadvancesandthestateofthe
artofdifferenttechnologieswillbeappliedtoinnovative
andgeneraltools.Theapproachwillallowforthespecific
characteristicsofdifferentdistributedofficeinformation
systems.Informationtechnologyandofficeautomationarefun­
damentallyconcernedwiththestorage,accessingand
movementofinformation ,coveringdata,text,graphics,
voice,imagesandotherforms.Investigations leading
tothedefinitionofanadvanceddata-basemodelfor
officeapplicationsandstudiesofthesecurity,privacy,
authorityofaccessandinformationdistributionare
fundamentaltoawiderangeofofficesystemsresearch.
Theproposedresearchisorientedtowardconstruction
ofanumberofexperimentalprototypeofficeinforma­
tionservers,andtheoperationoftheseinrealistic
conditions,aloneandinassociationwitheachother,to
gainpracticalexperienceinthesystemsimplicationsof
buildingtheseservers,loadingthemwithpractical
informationandusingtheminarealisticway.
Theworkisthereforedividedintothreegeneralclasses:
systemsissues,usageandneeds,andcomponents .
Systemsissues:thesecoverthedesignandoperationof
officeinformationservers,includinghigh-performance
filtersandinvestigations ofnewinformationmodels
andthedevelopmentofmetricsrelatingtothese.
Serversmustbeconsideredinrelationtotheother
componentsofacomprehensive officesysteminclud­
ingotherinformationserversandthedistributionof
informationandfunctionsbetweenthem.Workonthe
filinginterface-related aspectsofquerylanguagesand
declarativecontentlanguagesisidentified.
Usageandneeds:thistopicaddressesthenatureofthe
information(data,text,graphics,imagesetc...)that
willbeheldinofficeinformationserversintermsof
quality,quantityandcombinationandtheusageof
thatinformation .Aninternaladaptiveinterfaceistobe
investigated,thatrespondstotheneedsandexperience
ofusers.
Components :thedevelopmentofhardware,software
andsystemselementsthatwillbeincorporatedinto
advancedfilingsystems,primarilyininformationserv­
ers,butalsoinadvancedworkstations .Theseinclude
filters,thesystemsmanagementissuesrelatingtousing
opticaldiscsinadvancedofficesystems,thesystems
techniquesrequiredtoachieveveryhighperceivedreli­
ability,andtheapplicationofadvancedinformation'MultipointInteractiveAudio-VisualCommunication
(MIAC)'
Proj.Ref.1057:B/85
Thisprojectwilldevelopanddemonstrateasystemfor
thesimultaneous communication ofspeech,visualand
dataformsofinformationbetweenpersonsattwo,three
ormore,atwidelyseparatedlocations,usingISDNand
other64Kbit/snetworks.Thedemonstration itselfwill
beamultipointinternational audioconference system
withvisualandoffice-systemaids,butthesignalandpro­
tocolinfrastructuredevelopedwillbeapplicabletoawide
rangeofotheraudiovisualservices.Thisinfrastructure
developedwillbeapplicabletoawiderangeofother
audiovisualservices.

NoL365/54 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
processingtechniquestoadvancedfilingandretrieval
systems.
4.4.1.Topics
ThetopicscoveredbythisR&Dareainclude:
Fileserverarchitectures i.e.
(a)officeinformationserverdesignandevaluation
(b)veryhighsecuritysystems
Systemissuesi.e.
(a)newinformationmodels'DesignandOperationalEvaluationofDistributedOffice
InformationServers'
Proj.Ref231:A/84
Theobjectiveoftheprojectistodesign,demonstrateand
thenevaluateafamilyofworkingprototypeoffice
informationserverscapableofholdingindigitalelec­
tronicformrepresentations ofallofficeinformationcur­
rentlycommittedtopaper.Aglobalmodelwillbeestab­
lishedbothfortheinformationheldintheserversandthe
functionsneededtomanipulateandmanageit.Keyto
theprojectistheconsiderationoftheissuesinvolvedin
distributedinformation ,architectureanduseintheoffice
environment .Twomajordemonstrations ofthecapabili­
tiesofOfficeInformationServersareplannedduringthe
project.Apilotdemonstration attheendofyear3anda
maindemonstrationattheendofyear4.Afullyearis
thenavailableforafullevaluationofthesystem.
Anextensiontotheinitialprojectwilltheninvestigate
andreportontheusabilityandperformanceissuesderiv­
ingfromtheoperationofadistributedsetofinformation
serverswhichcollectivelysupportafullyintegratedser­
vice.Itwillalsoimplementandevaluatetwoconfigura­
tions:
—'Logicalserver'—asetof'unitservers'(oneproces­
sor)onasinglesite,behavingasasingleentitytothe
user.
—'Globalservice'—madeupofseveralLogicalserv­
ers',distributedgeographically .(b)filequeryanddeclarativecontentlanguages
Usageandneedsi.e.
(a)natureandusageoffiledinformation
(b)user-fileadaptiveinterface
(c)performanceofofficeinformationservers
Components i.e
(a)filefilters
(b)opticalstoragesystemsconcepts
4.4.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation
'AMultimediaFilingSystem'
Proj.Ref28:A/83
Thegoalofthisprojectistodevelopasystemthatpro­
videsfilingservicesformultimediadocumentsusing
magneticandopticalstoragemedia.Particularattention
willbepaidtotheneedsoftheofficeenvironment .The
systemwillbeimplemented onadedicatedserverthat
acceptsrequestsfromclientssuchasworkstationsor
otherdevices.Theunitsofcommunication betweenserver
andclientwillbemultimedia documentsratherthan
physicalrecordsorblocks.
Theservicesprovidedbytheserverarethosetraditionally
foundinaninformationretrievalordatabaseenviron­
ment.However,ihedualdemandsofamultimediacapa­
bilityandapplicationtoofficesintroduceresearchissues.
Theserverwillbeimplementedbyincrements .Thefirst
prototypewilldealwithtextandattributedataonly,sub­
sequentversionswilladdimageandvoicedata.
Theglobaldesignhasnowbeencompletedandworkis
underwayonthefunctionalspecificationsofsystem
componentsincludingtheserversubsystemandtheuser
interface.'NewinformationmodelsforOfficeFilingandRetrieval'
Proj.Ref.59:A/83
Theprojectdealswithresearchintonewinformation
modelsforofficefilingandretrieval.Theemphasiswill
beonresearchofthetheoreticalissuesofamodelwhich
characterisesalljbrmsofofficeinformation .Anumberof
modelswillbedevelopedandrelatedtotechniquesoffil­
ingandretrievalofinformation .
Manykeyproblemsarebeinginvestigated ,themajority
ofthesedealingwithaspectsofhumanacceptability ,or
moreprecisely:speedandaccuralenessoftheretrieval
processfortheskilledandunskilleduser.
Themodelsdevelopedwillbeconstructedandvalidated
inasoftwareenvironmentwhichemulatestheinteraction
ofanofficefilingandretrievalsystem.
Theschemaarchitecturehasbeenproducedtogetherwith
thesketchoftheuserinterface.Workcontinueswith
workonquerying,storagestructure,andaspectsofsys­
temsecurity.

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/55
'AGeneralPublicData,VoiceandPictureStorage
RetrievalSystem'temprototypes,thatallowqualitativeandquantitative
validationinavarietyofsimulatedofficesandenter­
prises.Thisworkwouldalsousetheproductsof
area4.1aswellasotherstandards,performanceand
integrationwork.
Second:thedesign,development andevaluationof
advancedofficesystemprototypes,baseduponstate-­
of-the-artcomponentsdevelopedinEurope,possibly
undertheESPRITprogramme (area4.2to4.4),and
basedupontheresultsofstructuredanalysisintheoff­
icesystemsscienceandhumanfactorsareas(area4.1).Proj.Ref.901:B/85
Thisprojectistocreateextremelylargemulti-mediadata
andimagebase.Itwillbemadewidelyavailableforuse
bythegeneralpublic.Itintendstodemonstratethefeasi­
bilityofsuchasystem,andincludes:developmentofa
newlaservisionsystemcombininganaloganddiscutely
codedinformationandamulti-mediadatabaseretreival
systemincludinga'majorwalking'interfacetogeograph­
icalinformation .Designofthesystemwillallowaccess
bymeansofwidelyavailable,lowcostworkstations .
Particularemphasisisgiventoaveryeasytohandleuser
interfacethatwillmakeuseofknowledgeengineering
techniques .4.5.1.Topics
Thetopicstobestudiedinthisareainclude:
Informationsystemarchitecture
(a)systemarchitectures
(b)systemssecurity.
Testandevaluation
(a)officesystemtestandevaluationfacilities
(b)officesystemsapplicationtestbeds.4.4.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Inthisareathefollowingtopicwillbeconsideredfor
inclusionincall(s)forproposalstobepublishedin
1986:multi-mediastorageandretrievalsystemusage
andneeds.
R&Darea4.5:IntegratedOfficeInformationSystems
Theresearchandtheprototypedevelopmentofcompo­
nentsforofficesystemshastobesupplemented bythe
researchandevaluationofintegratedofficesystems
conceptsforavarietyofofficeenvironments .Inan
industrialR&Dprogrammethetestingofprototypes ,
againstrequirementsthatarerepresentative formarket
conditions,isthemostimportantcheckontherelev­
anceoftheresearchdone.4.5.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation
OfficeSystemsSecurity'
Proj.Ref.998:B/85
Theprojectdealswithallsecurityaspectsofinformation
systemsinanintegratedway.Itisdefinedinthree
phases:
—assessmentofthestate-of-the-art ,includingrequire­
mentsandsolutionsinsuchhighlysensitiveareasas
themilitaryandprocesscontrol.
—developmentofasecuritymodelforinformationsys­
tems.
—specificationofsecuritymeasuresandelaborationof
implementation guidelines .Thearchitecturefordistributedsystemsisamajorarea
ofconcern.Distributionoffunctionalunitsnetworked
togethercanbeconsideredthefundamentalconcept
notonlyforofficesystems,butforallfutureinforma­
tionsystems.Elaborationandimplementation ofthis
conceptisbynomeanstrivial,andrequiresmanynew
ideasandthedevelopmentofreferencemodelsand
standards .Aparticularaspect,systemsecurity,should
beconsideredthroughoutthedesignprocessonthe
totalsystemlevelaswellasoncomponentlevel.
TwotopicsareidentifiedinthesubareaTestand
evaluationthatarecomplementary butnotnecessarily
mutuallydependent .'AdvancedInformationSystemforPublicAdministra­
tions(ASTRA)'
Proj.Ref831:A/85
ASTRAwillprovidefacilitiesfortestingandevaluating
officeinformationsystems.Theprojectconsistsoftwo
phases:inthefirstphaseananalysisofverylargepublic
administrations infourparticipatingcountrieswillbe
madewithregardtoinformationhandling.ThesecondFirst:thecreationottest-andevaluationenvironments
forofficesystemcomponentsandintegratedofficesys

NoL365/56 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
tionsofbothprototypesintwodifferentcountries.The
resultsoftheprojectwillbeavailableforthePAsof
EuropeanMemberStates.phasewillprovidetwoprototypeswhicharesplitonsub­
jectsofsize,complexity ,systemarchitectureandcosts
into
(i)ahighlevelprototype,dealingwithlargeamounts
ofdataand
(ii)alowlevelprototype,dealingwiththemultifunc­
tionalaspectsofofficeautomation .
Theseprototypeswillmakeuseofadvancedstorageand
retrievalsystemsbasedonopticaldiscs.Finallyaneval­
uationofthesecondphasewillresultintestimplementa­4.5.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Inthisareathefollowingtopicswillbeconsideredfor
inclusionincall(s)forproposalstobepublishedin
1986:Information systemsarchitecture ,Testand
evaluationfacilitiesandApplicationtestbeds.
SUBPROGRAMME 5:
COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURE
5.2.CAD/CAE
5.3.Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
5.4.FlexibleManufacturing Systems
5.5.SubsystemsandComponents
5.6.CIMSystemApplications
R&Darea5.1:IntegratedSystemsArchitectures
Inthenextdecade,onecanexpectthatawidevariety
ofCIMsystemswillbeimplementedwithinmanufac­
turingindustry.Tobeeffective,eachsystemmustserve
itsspecificapplicationinanoptimummanner.Inorder
toremaincompetitiveandtopreserveflexibility,effec­
tivedesignmethodsforCIMmustbedevelopedsothat
newtechnologiescanbeexploitedastheybecome
available.Atpresent,therearesomeguidelinesbutno
internationalstandardsavailableforthedesignofsys­
temsarchitectures forCIM.5.0.Introduction
Thisarearelatestothetotalrangeofmanufacturing
activitiesincludingcomputeraideddesign(CAD),
computeraidedengineering (CAE),computeraided
manufacturing (CAM),flexiblemachiningand
assemblysystems,robotics,testingandqualitycontrol.
Theareahasbeenselectedforitspotentialimpacton
themethodsandeconomiesofproduction ,whichare
stronglygearedtosuccessfortheITindustries,andfor
manufacturing industryingeneral.
TheobjectivesinCIMaretocreateanenvironment in
whichmulti-vendor systemscanbeimplemented ina
progressivemanner,andinwhichCommunityITsup­
plierscancompeteeffectively .Toachievethis,effort
willbeconcentrated intwomainstreams.Firstly,work
isneededoninfrastructures ,whichconcentratesonthe
developmentofdesignrulesandarchitecturesleading
toacommonreferenceframe.Relevantinternational
standardsactivitymustbecontinuously assessed,and
areasidentifiedinwhichEuropeanactioncouldbe
supported.Thesecondstreaminvolvesactiononthose
sub-systems ,interfacesandtoolswhosedevelopment
orrefinementisjudgedtobeofstrategicvaluefor
EuropeanCommunityindustry(bothusersandven­
dors).
Inordertostimulateandfacilitatethetransferofnew
informationtechnologyconceptstotheengineering
industrieswithintheCommunity ,applicationcentres
willbeencouragedtoprovideanimportantfocusfor
thecoordinationofeffortandtheexchangeofinforma­
tionamongthevariousandsometimesdisparateparts
oftheCIMR&Dprogramme .
SixR&Dareasaredescribed :
5.1.IntegratedSystemsArchitecturesNewandinnovativeconceptualapproachesare
requiredinordertofitappropriatesystemsarchitec­
turestothetotalmanufacturing processfrominitial
productdevelopment ,productdesign,productionplan­
ningandcontrol,realtimecontrolofproduction
equipment,materialshandling,throughtoinventory
controlandsales.Tosupportthetotalsystems
approach,itisnecessarytodevelopstrategiesfordata,
communications ,andprocessing ,whichaddressboth
physicalandlogicalrequirements .Systemsarchitec­
turesforCIMshouldbeopen,soastoavoidmarket
dominationbyanyonevendor,andtoallowusers
maximumfreedomofchoiceintheirselectionofsub­
systems.

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/57
—capabilityforprogressiveimplementation ,with
specialattentiontotheneedsofSMEs.
—applicabilityacrossawidespectrumofindustry.Theresourcesneededtodefineopensystemsarchitec­
tures,andthemarketstrengthnecessarytogainaccept­
anceofthese,arebeyondthereachofallbutthelargest
andmostinfluentialorganizations .However,thedesir­
abilityofdevelopingareferencemodel,whichwould
allowuserstodevelopmulti-vendor CIMsystemsis
readilyapparent.Thisisanareawherethepotentialfor
significantadvancesthroughaunifiedapproachis
high,anditisthereforeparticularlysuitableforeffort
onaCommunityscale.5.1.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Thisareaiswell-covered byexistingworkandis
unlikelytobeconsideredforinclusionincall(s)for
proposalstobepublishedin1986.
5.1.1.Topics
—thedefinitionanddevelopment ofopensystems
architecturesthatwouldbeapplicableinarangeof
manufacturing environments ;
—implementthesearchitectures inrealmanufactur­
ingenvironmentsR&Darea5.2:ComputerAidedDesign/Computer
AidedEngineering
TheimportanceofCAD/CAEisthatit:
—reducesthedesigntimeandfacilitatesoptimization
ofthedesign,ofproductsandprocesses,
—facilitatesstorageofallrelevantaspectsofdesign,
andrapidupdateandretrievalofinformation ,
—generatesdatawhichareusedbythewholemanu­
facturingprocessincludingrobotandmachinetool
programmes .
—providesfeedbackfromthemanufacturing process
tothedesignteamwhichallowsamoreversatile
andeconomicoperation .5.1.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation
Preliminaryworkcompletedinpilotprojectsprovides
ausefulbasisforthisandotherareasofESPRITCIM.
Abookentitled'DesignRulesforaCIMSystem',
editors:R.W.Yeomans,A.Choudry,P.J.W.tenHagen,
isalreadyavailable.Afurtherpublication ,covering
designrulesfortheintegrationofrobotsintoCIM,is
scheduledforpublicationin1986.
Thecurrentprojectinthisareais:ModularstructuresforCAD/CAEsubsystems (which
includegeneralized3D-modellers ,geometricaldesign
systems,engineeringcomputational programs,simula­
tionprograms)areneededinordertogivethedesigner
accesstodifferentsoftwarepackagesanddatabases.
Suchsystemsmustbeabletosupplydatathatarereadily
usableforallinteractingengineeringandproduction
activities,aswellasgooddisplayqualityand
capabilities .Increasinglythesesystemshavetosupport
disparateandgeographically dispersedorganizations
cooperatinginthedesignprocessofacomplexend
product.'AMICE,AEuropeanComputerIntegratedManufactur­
ingArchitecture '
ToencouragethewideruseofCIMsystemsbyreduc­
ingtheriskoffailure,methodsshouldbedevelopedto
allowtherepresentation ,specificationandtestingof
proposedsystemspriortoinstallation .Proj.Kef688:B/84
ItisintendedtodefineanddevelopOpenSystems
ArchitecturesforCIM,tosupportpresentandfuture
needs.Designcriteriaforthearchitecturesinclude:
—openness,i.e.thecreationofanenvironment in
whichmulti-vendorsystemscanbesupported .Inthis
context,thearchitectures willbeISO-OSIcom­
patible.
—protectionofexistinginvestment—i.e.,migration
pathswillbeidentifiedfrompresenttofutureimple­
mentations .Unlessverystrongreasonscanbeshown,allprojectsin
area5.2shouldbeconsistentwithrelevantarchitectures
developedinarea5.1.TheinteractionofCAD/CAE
withCAM(5.3)andFMS(5.4)systemsmustalsobe
takenintoaccount,andtechniquesunderdevelopment
inotherareasofESPRITmustbecontinuously
reviewed .

NoL365/58 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
5.2.1.Topics
CAD/CAEfacilitiesforproductandprocessdesign
Adaptationordevelopmentoftoolsandsubsystemsto
supportintegratedCAD/CAEactivities,e.g.:theAl-basedadvancedhigh-levelmodellinginterface.
Thefirstpartoftheworkhasbeencompletedwithan
analysisoftheexistingCAD/CAMinterfacestandards
andtheestablishmentofproceduresforexchanging
modelsbetweenCADsystems.Testinghasbeencarried
outofhighleveldatatransferbetweenMEDUSAand
BRAVO.Thedesignandimplementation oftheseinter­
faceswillbecloselycoordinatedwithinternationalstan­
dardizationactivityinthisarea.—productdesignactivitiessuchasprojectmanage­
ment,conceptdesign,preliminarydesign,analysis
andsimulation ,finaldesign,productdocumenta­
tionmanagement ,productconfiguration manage­
ment.
'DevelopmentofanIntegratedProcessandOperations
PlanningSystemwiththeUseofInteractive3DModell­
ingTechnology'—processdesignactivitiessuchasprocessselection,
processmodelling,processplanning,processplan
simulation,processplanoptimization ,process
qualityassuranceplanning,
—toolsspecifictodifferentclassesofproductsand
processes,andto'grouptechnologies'concepts
(geometry,dimensions,materials,tolerances,
processoperationstype).Proj.Ref.409:B/84
UseofAItechniquesinCAD/CAETheobjectiveistodevelopaninteractivegraphics-based
systemforprocessandoperationplanningwithinamanu­
facturingenvironment .Toreducedevelopmentcosts,the
overallsystemwillbebuiltfromexistingandprovensys­
temcomponentsoftheprojectpartners.Theapproach
willbetoachieveauniformuserinterfaceforCADand
CAM-systemsandsecondlytoprovideacompletesimu­
lationofthemanufacturing process.—reviewdevelopments inartificialintelligencewhich
mightbeapplicabletoCAD/CAE.Carryout
developmentworkinappropriateareas.
—graphicstoolstosupportmanagementandsupervi­
soryactivityinmanufacturing environments .
Graphicssystems
—toaiddecision-making atmanagementandsuper­
visorylevels.'Designandspecificationofconfigurablegraphicssubsys­
temforCIM'
Proj.Ref496:B/84
Theprojecthastwoprimarygoals:
1.Theidentificationandclassificationofthediffering
requirementsforgraphicsinthemanyareasofCIM.
2.Thedevelopmentofsoftware/hardwareprototype
graphicssubsystemsthatmeettherequirementsofI.
above.
Thefirstgoalhasbeenachieved,thepartnershave
carriedoutanexploratorysurveycoveringhardware,
software,andman-machine interfacerequirements
forgraphicsofCIMsystemsanddeliveredthestudy
report.Toattainthesecondgoal,thepartnersare
currentlypreparingthedesignspecificationsofthe
prototypegraphicssubsystemandasetofdesign
standardsbasedontheuseoftheGraphicsKernel
System(GKS)andtheAdaprogramminglanguage.5.2.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation
'KnowledgeandDecisionSupportforMaterialHandling
Systems'
Proj.Ref293:B/84
Theprojectisinvestigatingtheapplicabilityofexpert
systemsfordecisionsupportandwilldevelopaknow­
ledgebaseformodellingmaterialhandlingsystems.The
objectivesaretoanalyseanddefinetheknowledgeneces­
sarytoachievevalidassessmentsforsystemdesignsand
ofsystemoperation .Theknowledgewillbeimplemented
indecisionsupportsystemsandwouldbeusedbyengi­
neersplanningamaterialhandlingsystem.
'VITAMIN:VisualisationToolsandModellingStan­
dardsinManufacturing Industry"
Proj.Ref.1038:B/85 CADInterfaces'
Proj.Ref.322:A/84
Thisprojectconcentrates onimportantinterfacesof
CAD/CAMsystems:theCADdataexchangeinterface,
theCADdatabaseinterface,theinterfacetofinite
elementanalysisanddynamicmodeloptimization ,andTheprojectaimstoproduceasetofgraphicalvisualiza­
tiontools,basedonmodellingstandardswiththeobjec­
tiveofimprovingdecision-making inproductionmanage­
ment.Awiderangeofessentialmanagementinformation
willbeaddressed ,suchasbusiness,marketing ,produc­
tionmanagementandproductionmonitoring .

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/59
5.2.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Thetopics'useofAItechniques'and'graphics
systems'willbeconsideredincall(s)forproposalsto
bepublishedin1986.withvariouslevelsofautomation .Asimplementation
proceeds,anewflexiblemachiningcell,consistingofa
groupojmachinetools,measuringmachines,materials
bufferingequipmentandfeederrobotswillbeincorpor­
atedintothesystem.Thewiderapplicationsarerelevant
totheproject477.Liaisonisbeingmaintainedbetween
thetwoconsortiaforthemutualbenefitofinterchanging
technicalinformation .
R&Darea5.3:Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Acomputer-aided manufacturing systeminthiscon­
textaddressesthereal-timemanagementoffactory
operations .ACAMsystemactsasahighintegrity
informationnetworkthatmonitorsabroadspectrumof
interrelatedactivitiesinthemanufacturing cycleand
assertsconsequentcontrolonthebasisofanoverall
management strategy .
DesignaimsofaCAMsystemshouldinclude:
(i)maximizingassistancetohumansupervisionin
overallfactoryoperationsandinindividualpro­
cesses;
(ii)processestobeindividuallyprogrammable ;
(iii)compatibility withsystemsarchitecturesdefined
in5.1;
(iv)possibilityforintroducingmodifications and
extensionswithoutviolatingtotalsystemscon­
cept.'ControlSystemsforIntegratedManufacturing :the
CAMSolution'
Proj.Kef.477:A/84
Theprojectisfocusedonproductionactivitycontrol
(PAC),theroleofwhichistoclosetheloopbetweenprod­
uctionplanningandexecution.Theresultswillbe
especiallyapplicabletosmallbatchmanufacturing envi­
ronments.Thegoaloftheprojectistodesign,develop
andtestthesoftwaremodulesrequiredtoclosethecon­
trolloop,reducinghumaninterventionandreactiontime
asmuchaspossible,andrelyingondataautomatically
capturedfromtheplant.
Thefirstphaseisunderway ,withgroupsanalyzingthree
relatedareas:
Process:Analysisofmanufacturing facilitiesand
selectionfortheimplementation ofa
suitablesite.
—Control:Theoreticalmodellingforplanningand
schedulingthePACsystem.
—Software:Investigationandanalysisofsuitable
softwaretoolsandtechniquesrequired
forthesystem.
Technicalliaisonisalsobeingmaintained with
project418.5.3.1.Topics
—defineanddevelopCAMsystemsinarangeof
industrialenvironments ;
—applyinnovativeconceptsastheybecomeavail­
able.
5.3.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation
'KnowledgeBasedRealTimeSupervisioninCIM'
Proj.Ref.932:A/85
Theprojecthas2mainobjectives:
—Thedesignandimplementation ofaknowledge­
basedrealtimedevelopmentsystemorientedtoa
numberofCIMapplicationtasks.
—Theinstallationandevaluationojthesystemattwo
dissimilarindustrialplants.
Thefunctionalityofthesystemwillbedemonstrated by
addressingtheproblemsofreal-timeinterpretationof
plantdataforfaultdiagnosis:actionplanningby'OpenCAMSystemallowingmodularintegrationinto
factorymanagementofaworkshopstructureinfunctional
cellswithvariouslevelsofautomation '
Proj.Ref.418:A/84
ThepurposeoftheprojectistodevelopaCAMSystem
withanopenarchitecture .ThisCAMsystemwillbe
applicabletomachineaswellasassemblyactivities.
Althoughthesystemistargettedataspecificmanufac­
turingenvironment ,theimplementation methodologies
andtoolsevolvedinthecourseoftheprojectareappli­
cabletoadiverserangeofmanufacturing environments .
Thesystemwillbeimplementedintwopilotshops(mach­
ineshopandassemblyshop),consistingofseveralcells

NoL365/60 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
intelligentalarmhandlingandprovidingoperatorsupport
data:optimizationofthroughput ,economyandflexibility
ojoperation .Automatedassembly
—computerautomatedassemblysystems;
—robotsystems.
Plantavailabilityandqualityoptimization
5.3.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Thisareaiswellcoveredbyexistingworkandis
unlikelytobeconsideredforinclusionincall(s)for
proposalstobepublishedin1986.—basicplantdiagnosistechnology ;
—diagnosisformulation ;
—actionplanning;
—automatedqualitycontrolandinspection .
Advancedcontrolsystemsandconcepts
—specification ofcomputingrequirements for
subsystemcontrol;
—incorporationofAdvancedInformationProcessing
(AIP)forworkinsystemcontrolpackages.
5.4.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation
'TheIntegrationofWeldedFabricationwithinCIMR&Darea5.4:FlexibleManufacturing Systems
Forindustriesspecializinginthemanufactureofa
widevarietyofpartsinlowandmediumvolumes,the
developmentofhighlyflexible,highproductivitysys­
temsisanimportantgoal.Themajortaskofthesup­
pliersofCIMequipmentistoenhancethetechnology
requiredforflexibleautomation .
Machiningcentresforautomaticmachiningofmetal
parts,systemsforautomaticloadingandunloadingof
workpieces,andconveyorsystemsforautomatically
transferringworkpiecesfromonemachiningprocessto
another,arealreadyavailablefrommanysources.A
problemwhichstillhastobeattackedistheintegration
ofmachiningcentresintooverallCIMsystems,with
properacknowledgement ofhumanfactors.
Furtherdevelopment isrequiredintheareaofauto­
matedassemblysystems,andtoenhancethecapability
ofrobotsbeyondthesimpleoperationsatpresentcar­
riedout.Majorbenefitswouldbeobtainedifeffective
communication withthedesignprocesscouldbe
achieved.Itisalsonecessarytotakeadvantageof
developments inAdvancedInformation Processing
(AIP),andsimulationsystems.
Researchanddevelopment arealsoneededtoreach
twooftheprincipal,andoftenconflicting,goalsofall
futureautomatedplants,namelymaintenanceofcon­
sistentlyhighproductqualityandmaximumplant
availability .ProfRej595:A/84
Theprojectworkisintheareaofthedevelopmentof
sub-systemsandcontrolframeworksfortheapplication
ofweldedfabricationinCIM.Acoordinatedprogramme
isbeingcarriedoutinwhichmethodswillbedeveloped
forgenerating ,structuring ,storing,andmanipulating
controlandoutputdataatallstagesofthefabrication
process.Toenableanintegrateddevelopmentapproach,
theprojectwillconcentrateonaspecificindustrialsector
andlimitedproductrangeandtheareachosenisship­
building.However ,resultsgeneratedinthisprojectwill
haveamuchwiderapplicationwithinfabricationindus­
tries,andtherulesforintegrationdevelopedinthispro­
jectwillbeapplicabletotheautomationofotherfabrica­
tionprocesses,e.g.highenergyelectronbeamwelding,
laserweldingandfrictionwelding.
5.4.1.Topics
Flexiblemanufacturing systems
—specification forinterfacesbetweenautomatic
equipment :
definitionofFMSsystemsarchitectureandsubsys­
tems;Initiallyworkconcentratedinfivemainareas:
—Designstudies:thedefinitionofproductmodularisa­
tion.standardization ,coderequirementandfitness
forpurpose.
—CIMArchitecture/Softwaredevelopment:the
developmentofsimulationsoftwareforresourceallo­
cationandlinescheduling .Inadditioninventory
management ,robotsimulationsoftwareisbeing
produced.
—WeldingSystemAutomation :proceduraldatahan­
dlingandrealtimecontrolofrobotwelding.—defineandimplementpilotFMSintestbedenvi­
ronment .

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/61
astudyoftheapplicabilityofthetechnologytofuture
manufacturing .Thehumanfactorsareconcernedwith
workorganisationandjobdesignwithinthecell,skilllev­
els,supervision ,qualityassurance ,maintenanceand
trainingissuesandastudyoftheinvolvementof
engineersandscientistsinplanningforhumanneedsin
thecell'soperation.—QualityAssurance:aspectsofdataprocessingand
shopfloormonitoring .
—ProductionCellDevelopment :Thiswillbethebasis
ofanexperimentalsystememployingthehardware
andsoftwaredevelopedintheotherareas.
Theprojectwillcontinuetoworktowardsthesegoals,
ultimatelyinproducingspecificationsforatleasttwo
advancedfabricationfacilitiesincorporatingCIMprinci­
ples.
'OperationalControlforRobotSystemIntegrationinto
CIM'
'IntegratedInformationProcessingforDesign,Planning
andControlofAssembly'
Proj.Ref.384:A/84
Thisprojectisaimedatdemonstrating theprincipleofan
integratedprocessfordesign,planningandcontrolof
smallhatchassemblies .Theemphasisoftheprojectison
definingandautomatically assemblingtheproduct,
ratherthanonthemanufactureofthepieceparts.The
projectalsoaimstodemonstratetheconceptofaninte­
gratedsystemforthecompleteassemblyprocessinclud­
ingdesignplanning ,schedulingandcontrolaspects,con­
sideringallinterdepcndencies andfeedbacksfromrelated
assemblyobjectsandprocesses.Proj.Ref623:A/83-84
Theprojectisdirectedtoimprovingtheintegrationof
robotsintocomputerintegratedmanufacturing (CIM)
systems.Basedonthedesignrulesandthedevelopment
pathsderivedinthepilotphaseofESPRIT(Ref.PP.75)
theprojectwillestablishautomatedintegrationfacilities
fortheoperationalareasofplanningandprogramming .
Aprototypeofacomputeraidedplanningsystemfora
typicalindustrialapplication ,andanimprovedCAD
Robotlinkagetobeimplemented .Thiswilluseanoff­
lineprogramming systemspeciallydesignedforrobots.
Graphicalsimulationrequirementstoaidrobotplanning
andprogrammingasabasictoolofthesystemwillbe
analysedandimplemented .Adatamanagementstrategy
willbederivedtolinktherobotapplicationintotheCIM
framework .Thepossibilitiesforusing41techniquesfor
roboticapplications ,includingimplicitprogramming
methods,willbeinvestigatedandmethodsforsimulation
identified .Currentworkhasfocussedonexpertsystemsandsimula­
tiontoolswithattentiontotheexistingsystemsfor
design,planningandschedulinganimportantprecursor
tothedemonstrators intheseareas.
'DevelopmentofaFlexibleAutomatedAssemblyCelland
associatedHumanFactorsStudy'
Proj.Ref.534:A/84
Theprojectisdirectedtotheevaluationandthedevelop­
mentofaprogrammable flexibleautomatedassembly
cellformechanicalobjectsoftypically0.5m3size.
Althoughtheconceptisbasedupontheneedsofan
intendeduser,theprojectincludesanassessmentofthe
applicationofthesystemtoindustrygenerally .The
projectcomprisesfivetechnologicalandtwohumanfac­
torsubareas.'ASystemsTechnologyforOptimisingtheTradeoffs
betweenPlantAvailability ,ProductQualityandSafety'
Proj.Ref.504:B/84
Thisprojectisdirectedtothedevelopmentofasystems
technologyforautomatingthemanagementofadiscrete
partsmanufacturing plant.Itwillbebasedonmaximiz­
ingtheiravailability ,productqualityandsafety.Ahigh
percentageoftheproposedR&Deffortrelatestothe
on-lineprocessingofplantmachineryhealth,tool
performance ,productqualityandsafetydata.Theena­
blingtechnologiesincludesignalprocessing ,expertsv.v­
tems,systemmodelling ,actionplanning,sensornetwork
andcomputersystemdesign.
Workhasbeencarriedoutreviewingavailabletechnol­
ogyinthisfieldandthepreparationofasuitabledemon­
stratorwhichisnowprovidinglivedatafrommachining
operationstofacilitatethedevelopmentofprocessmodels
toallowdiagnosis,actionplanningandfailurerecovering
routinestobedeveloped .Thetechnologicalareasaretheuseofrobotswithvarious
otherdevices,includingsoftwaredevelopment ,the
developmentofintegratedsensorsforroboticvisionand
opticaldataprocessing ,thedevelopmentofcontactless
inspectionincludingintegration ,systemsintegrationand

t
OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/62 31.12.85
—microelectronic sub-systems forthecontrolof
machines,robotsandassemblysystemsonspecial­
izedVLSIchips.DASIQ:DistributedAutomatedSystemforInspection
andQualityControl'
Proj.Ref.1136:B/85
Theprojectisdirectedattheresearchandexperimental
applicationofanewdistributedsystem,DASIQ,for
inspectionandqualitycontrol.Hieworkisparticularly
aimedatthedevelopmentandintegrationofoptical
inspectiontechniquesfortheassessmentofsurfacefinish
anddimensionalcontrol.TheDASIQsystemwillbeinte­
gratedwiththefactoryCAD/CAMsystemsforoptimiza­
tionofdesign-manufacturing processes.
AdvancedControlRealTimeCIMSystemsand
ConceptsforFlexibleAutomation '
Proj.Ref.809:B/85
Thisprojectintendstodevelopandimplementareal-time
intelligentCIMsystem.Basedoncomputingrequirement
specifications ,theemphasisisonhierarchicalcontrol
structures .Simulationsofmultiplemanufacturing system
configurations willbeconductedinordertoassessthe
adaptabilityofthesystem.5.5.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsunderNegotiation
'ExploitationofReal-timeImagingforArcWelding'
Proj.Ref.9:A/83
Inthefirstyearofthisprojectthefollowingtaskswere
carriedout:
—ananalysisofpotentialindustrialarcweldingtasks,
whichhasresultedintheselectionofcandidatesen­
singapplicationsinthinsection/highproductionrate
andthicksection/highqualitysectors.
—asurveyofimageanalysismethodsandapplications .
—astudyofimageacquisitionandprocessing
approacheswhichwouldbeapplicabletothetestbed
sensingapplicationsselectedinthefirstphase.
—adefinitionofthepossibilitiesforcontrollingmetal­
lurgicalstructures(andhencemechanicalproperties)
ofmultipassweldedcomponentsbypreciseplacement
ofweldbeds .Thisrepresentsamoreseverecontrol
requirementthaneitherproductionspeedorweld
soundnesscriteria.
—aspecificationofdevelopmentapproachesandhard­
warewhichwillbeusedinsubsequentphasesofthe
project.
Theprojectisnowfocussingontwoapplicationareas,
singleandmultipasswelding.Thedevelopmentofimage
analysisandadaptivecontrolalgorithmsforbothwelding
techniquesisunderwaywiththeconstructionofthehard­
ware.^.4.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Inthisareathefollowingtopicswillbeconsideredfor
inclusionincall(s)forproposalstobepublishedin
1986:
—theintegrationintoCIMofFMSsbasedonmetal
removal;
—developmentofadvancedcontrolsystems.
R&Darea5.5:SubsystemsandComponents
Anumberofsubsystemsandcomponentsarerequired
toenablethetechnologies inareas5.3and5.4,thus
facilitatingthedevelopment andimplementation of
CIM.Inparticular,inordertocompetesuccessfullyin
worldmarketsforplantautomationsystems,itisessen­
tialtomakemaximumuseofmicroelectronics technol­
ogy.'GeneralPurposeSensoryControlledSystemsforParts
Production '
Proj.Ref.118:A/83
Thisprojectisdirectedtoresearching ,developingand
demonstrating theabilitytoobtain2.5Dand3Dimages
bymeansofvisual,tactileandrangesensing.
Initiallyseventasksweredefinedintheworkplan:
i)Userspecificationstudy5.5.1.Topics
Twotopicshavebeenidentifiedasrequiringcollabora­
tioneffort.Theseare:
—sensorsystemsforrealtimecaptureandinterpreta­
tionofsensordatasuchasthatrequiredbysub­
area5.4.3ii)Systemintegrationframeworkdefinition
iii)Grayscalesensordevelopment

31.12.85 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities NoL365/63
iv)Tactilesensordevelopment
v)Rangefinderdevelopment
vi)Direct3Dsensordevelopment
vii)Stereoscopicsensordevelopment
IntegratedElectronicSubsystemsforPlantAutomation '
Proj.Kef179:A/83
WithinthisprojectthefunctionsperformedbyNCand
Robotcontrolsystemsareanalysedanddividedintosub­
systems.Thesearebeingrealisedasgeneralpurposesub­
systemintegratedcircuitswhichwillbesuitablefora
broadrangeofapplicationsinNCandRobotcontrol.
TestcircuitshavebeenspecifiedassuitableforVLSI
application .Thesearebeingdevelopedfortwospecific
applicationswhileworkisalsobeingdirectedtospecify­
ingaco-processorwhichwillsupportthedesignofcontrol
systemsandtheimplementation ofVLSIcircuits.R&Darea5.6:CIMSystemsApplications
Tomaximisethecoherenceandstrategicimpactofthe
CIMsub-programme ,swiftactionisneededto
encourageapplicationcentresinwhichdevelopments
inongoingprojectscouldbedemonstrated andrefined
withinaframeworkofintegration .
Inadditiontoprovidingafocalpointforcommunity­
basedactioninadvancedmanufacturing ,benefits
wouldinclude:
—promotingawarenessofESPRITworkbydemon­
stratingongoingR&DtoalargeEuropeanaudi­
ence;
—highlightingneeds,achievements andopportuni­
tiesintheareaofCIMintegration :
—providinganenvironmenttofacilitatefastproto­
typing;
—catalysingsubsequentdevelopments including
productrealisation .
5.6.1.Topics
Toachievetheseobjectives,thefollowingprojectsand
themeshavebeenidentified :
—CIMapplicationanddevelopmentcentres.
—GeneraltopicsforCIMsupport.
Thefollowingtopicsaregivenasexamples,butthelist
isnon-exhaustive :'IntegratedSensor-based RobotSystem'
Proj.Ref278:A/84
Theobjectiveofthisprojectistodevelopasensor-based
systemprototype(visionandtactile),forrealtimeappli­
cations,incooperationwithindustrialrobotsforintelli­
genthandlingand/orassembly .Test-bedapplications
arebin-picking ,andworkpiecehandlingonamoving
conveyorbelt. —productdesignguidelinesforautomaticproduc­
tion;
'Computer-aided thermalImageTechniqueforReal-time
InspectionofCompositeMaterial'
Proj.Ref197:A/83
Thisprojectisdirectedtoresearchintoimagingand
imageprocessingtechniquesusingthermalscannersfor
thedevelopmentofarealtimesystemforon-lineinspec­
tionandmonitoringofcompositematerialsandproducts,
inamassproductionenvironment .
Inthefirstphaseofthiswork,imageprocessingequip­
menthasbeendevelopedtoanoperationalstatesuitable
forexperimentalpurposes .Inadditionaprototypether­
malimpulsegeneratorhasbeenproducedtosupport
experimentalaspectsofthiswork.—createanunderstanding andabilitytodesign
mechanicalproductsforautomaticmanufacturing ;
—methodologies forselectionandconfiguration of
CIMcomponents ;
—developtoolsandmethodologies forselectingCIM
componentsandtailoringCIMsystemstomeet
specificcompanyneeds;
—economicmethodologies forevaluatinginvestment
inCIMsystems;
—developtoolsandmethodologies foracorrect
economicevaluation ofinvestment inCIM
systems;
—interactionofCIMsystemswithorganization ,
infrastructures andskillrequirements ;
—determination oftherequiredchargesinorgan­
ization,infrastructure andskillrequirements conse­
quentupontheintroductionofCIMsystems;
—interactionofCIMsystemswithmanagement
informationsystems;
—definitionofdatainterchangebetweenCIM
systemsandmanagementinformationsystems(MIS ).
Thepurposeoftheseactivitiesistodeveloptoolsand5.5.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
Inthisareathedevelopmentofmicroelectronic subsys­
temswillbeconsideredforinclusionincall(s)forpro­
posalstobepublishedin1986.Howeverwithless
prioritythan5.4and5.2. facilitiestopromotesuccessfulCIMapplications .

NoL365/64 OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities 31.12.85
5.6.2.CurrentProjectsandProjectsUnderNegotiation
PredesignofFMSforSmallBatchProductionof
ElectronicCards'
Pioj.Ref.850:B/85
Preparatorystudytoexploretheprovisionoffacilitiesto
supportthedevelopmentandsystemintegrationof
variouselementsofCIM.Theapplicationareafocusses
onPCB(printedcircuitboards)production .Theintention
istoprovidetheserviceprimarilyforsmallandmedium
sizedcompanies
'Communication NetworkforManufacturing
Applications '
Pioj.Ref955:A/85
Theobjectiveofthisprojectistodefine,promoteandpro­
videamulti-vendornetworkenvironmentformanufactur­
ingapplications Theworkhasbeendividedintofour
phases:
—Definition .ThiswillconsiderthelevelsoftheOSI
structurerelevanttoCIMandanetworkarchitecture
basedonahierarchicalstructureofnetworks.
—Demonstration ofanetworkcontrollingexisting
machinetools.
—Demonstration ofamultilayerednetworkarchitec­
ture.
—Examinationofverybroadbandwidthnetworking
technology .DataTransferBetweenComputerIntegrated
Manufacturing SystemsandManagementInformation
Systems'
Proj.Ref319:B/84
TheprojectaddressesthelinkageofCIMandMISsys­
temswithinthecontextinwhichtheymustoperate,
namely,themanagement ,technologicalandoperational
infrastructureoftheenterprise.Thisisrelatedtothe
trendsininformationtechnology ,thefunctionalrequire­
mentsofbothhardware,softwareandoperatingsystems,
andtheCIMvendorindustryitselfAdvancesincom­
putertechnologieshavecreatedtheopportunityfor
mediumsizedenterprisestoapplysophisticatedMIS­
CIMtechniquesandhardware,softwaretoolswhich
were,uptoveryrecently,onlyaffordablebythelargest
enterprises .Thisprojectisthereforedirectedtoactively
testdesignconcepts,techniquesandprototypesub­
systemsinmediumtosmallsizedmanufacturing environ­
ments.
'DevelopmentofToolsforEconomicEvaluationofCIM
inSmallerManufacturing Companies'
Proj.Ref909:B/85
Theobjectiveoftheworkistodevelopsoftwaretoolsto
improvetheabilityofconsultants ,ChambersofCom­
merceandindividualfirmstocarryoutcostbenefit
analysesforinvestmentinCIM.Thetoolsarespecifically
aimedatsmallandmedium-sized manufacturing com­
paniesandwillbeportabletoarangeofwidely-available
personalcomputers.
'Implementation ofAIintoSubjectsforAdvancedCIM'
Proj.Ref975:B/85
Thisdealswiththeintegrationofinformationabout
productsbeingmanufactured inCIMwiththeCAM
system.Thisprojectisdirectedatimprovingtheexisting
identification systems(RemoteProgrammable Trans­
mitter/ResponderandInterrogatorwithArtificialIntel­
ligence)inordertomeetCIMrequirements ,andto
developofremotelyprogrammable transponders .Anini­
tialtestbedforthetechnologywillbemotorcarmanu­
factureandwiderapplications \ithinCIMareantici­
pated.
5.6.3.ScopeforFurtherWork
ThetopiconApplicationCentreswillbeconsidered
forinclusionincall(s)forproposalstobepublishedin
1986insofarasnecessarybecauseof1985proposals
notmaturingtocontract .Theareaofmechanical
engineering isalreadywell-covered byprojectsunder
negotiation .'ProductDesignforAutomatedManufactureand
Assembly'
Proj.Ref.338:B/84
Theobjectivesofthisprojectaretwo-fold.Firstlyitis
necessarytodeterminetherangeofmanufacturing infor­
mationwhichmustbemadeavailabletothedesignerso
thatproductsaredesignedwhicharecompatiblewith
automatedmanufacturing andassemblytechniques
embodiedinflexiblemachiningandflexibleassembly
(includingroboticassembly)systems.Secondlyitisneces­
sarytoestablishthebasisonwhichthisinformationis
bestmadeavailabletothedesignerusingforexample
CADsystems.
Workhasbeendoneonmeetingthefirstobjectivebythe
collectionandcollationofproductinformationsuitable
forautomatedassembly.Inparallelworkprogresseson
developingacohesiveapproachtoestablishingthe
requirementsforproductdesignforautomatedassembly.