ANNEX

Methodology to determine the CO2 savings of the SEG Automotive Germany GmbH High efficient 48V motor generator (BRM) plus the 48V/12V DC/DC converter fitted in vehicles in compliance with the conditions set out in Article 1

1. INTRODUCTION

In order to determine the CO2 emission reductions that can be attributed to the use of the generation function of the SEG Automotive Germany GmbH High efficient 48V motor generator (BRM), hereinafter referred to as 48 V motor generator or motor generator, plus the 48V/12V DC/DC converter, for use in vehicles in compliance with the conditions set out in Article 1, it is necessary to specify the following:

(1) The test conditions;

(2) The test equipment;

(3) The procedure to determine the total efficiency;

(4) The procedure to determine the CO2 savings;

(5) The procedure to determine the uncertainty of the CO2 savings.

Two alternative methods can be used to determine the CO2 savings. The methods are described as follows.

2. SYMBOLS, PARAMETERS AND UNITS

Latin symbols

— CO2 savings [g CO2/km] CO2 — Carbon dioxide CF — Conversion factor (l/100 km) - (g CO2/km) [gCO2/l] as defined in Table 3 h — Frequency as defined in Table 1 i — Number of operating points I — Current intensity at which the measurement shall be carried out [A] l — Number of measurement of the sample for the 48V/12V DC/DC converter m — Number of measurement of the sample for the 48V motor generator M — Torque [Nm] n — Rotational frequency [min– 1] as defined in Table 1 P — Power [W] — Standard deviation of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter efficiency mean [%] — Standard deviation of the 48V motor generator efficiency [%] — Standard deviation of the 48V motor generator efficiency mean [%] — Standard deviation of the total efficiency [%] — Standard deviation of the total CO2 savings [g CO2/km] U — Test voltage at which the measurement shall be carried out [V] v — Mean driving speed of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) [km/h] VPe — Consumption of effective power [l/kWh] as defined in Table 2

Greek symbols

Δ — Difference ηB — Baseline alternator efficiency [%] ηDCDC — 48V/12V DC/DC converter efficiency [%] — Mean of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter efficiency [%] ηMG — 48V motor generator efficiency [%] — Mean of the 48V motor generator efficiency at operating point i [%] ηTOT — Total efficiency [%]

Subscripts

Index (i) refers to operating point

Index (j) refers to measurement of the sample

MG — Motor generator m — Mechanical RW — Real-world conditions TA — Type approval (NEDC) conditions B — Baseline

3. METHOD 1 (‘SEPARATE METHOD’)

3.1. Efficiency of the 48V motor generator

The efficiency of the 48V motor generator shall be determined in accordance with ISO 8854:2012, with the exception of the elements specified in this section.

Evidence shall be provided to the type approval authority that the rotational frequency ranges of the efficient 48V motor generator are consistent with those set out in Table 1. The measurements shall be conducted at different operating points, as set out in Table 1. The efficient 48V motor generator current intensity shall be defined as half of the rated current for all operating points. For each rotational frequency, the voltage and the output current of the motor generator shall be kept constant, the voltage at 52V.

Table 1

Operating points

Operating point i Holding time [s] Rotational frequency ni [min– 1] Frequency hi 1 1 200 1 800 0,25 2 1 200 3 000 0,40 3 600 6 000 0,25 4 300 10 000 0,10

The efficiency at each operating point shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 1:

Formula 1

All efficiency measurements are to be performed consecutively at least five (5) times. The average of the measurements at each operating point ( ) shall be calculated.

The efficiency of the generation function (ηMG) shall be calculated in accordance with the following Formula 2:

Formula 2

3.2. Efficiency of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter

The efficiency of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter shall be determined under the following conditions:

— Output voltage of 14,3 V

— Output current of nominal power of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter divided by 14,3 V

The nominal power of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter shall be the continuous output power at the 12V side guaranteed by the manufacturer of the DC/DC converter at the conditions specified in the ISO 8854:2012.

The efficiency of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter shall be measured at least five (5) times consecutively. The average of all the measurements ( ) shall be calculated and used for the calculations laid down in paragraph 3.3.

3.3. Total efficiency and saved mechanical power

The total efficiency of the 48 V motor generator plus the 48V/12V DC/DC converter shall be calculated using Formula 3:

Formula 3

The 48 V motor generator plus the 48V/12V DC/DC converter generation function lead to saved mechanical power under real-world conditions (ΔPmRW) and type approval NEDC conditions (ΔPmTA) as set out in Formula 4.

Formula 4

ΔPm = ΔPmRW – ΔPmTA

Where the saved mechanical power under real-world conditions (ΔPmRW) shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 5 and the saved mechanical power under type-approval NEDC conditions (ΔPmTA) in accordance with Formula 6:

Formula 5

Formula 6

where

PRW : Power requirement under ‘real-world’ conditions [W], which is estimated at 750W PTA : Power requirement under NEDC type-approval conditions [W], which is estimated at 350W ηB : Efficiency of the baseline alternator [%], which is 67 %

3.4. Calculation of the CO2 savings

The CO2 savings of the 48 V motor generator plus the 48V/12V DC/DC converter shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 7:

Formula 7

where

v : Mean driving speed of the NEDC [km/h], which is 33,58 km/h VPe : Consumption of effective power specified in Table 2: Table 2 Consumption of effective power Type of engine Consumption of effective power (VPe) [l/kWh] Petrol 0,264 Petrol Turbo 0,280 Diesel 0,220 CF : Conversion factor (l/100 km) - (g CO2/km) [gCO2/l] as defined in Table 3 Table 3 Fuel conversion factor Type of fuel Conversion factor (l/100 km) - (g CO2/km) (CF) [gCO2/l] Petrol 2 330 Diesel 2 640

3.5. Calculation of the statistical margin

The statistical margin of the results of the testing methodology caused by the measurements shall be quantified. For each operating point the standard deviation shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 8:

Formula 8

The standard deviation of the efficiency value of the efficient 48V motor generator ( ) shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 9:

Formula 9

The standard deviation of the efficiency value of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter ( ) shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 10:

Formula 10

The standard deviation of the motor generator efficiency ( ) and of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter ( ) lead to an uncertainty in the CO2 savings ( ). That uncertainty is calculated in accordance with Formula 11:

Formula 11

4. METHOD 2 (‘COMBINED METHOD’)

4.1. Efficiency of the 48V motor generator plus the 48V/12V DC/DC converter

The efficiency of the 48V motor generator plus the 48V/12V DC/DC converter shall be determined in accordance with ISO 8854:2012, with the exception of the elements specified in this section.

Evidence shall be provided to the type approval authority that the speed ranges of the efficient 48V motor generator are consistent with those set out in Table 1.

The measurements shall be conducted at different operating points, as set out in Table 1. The efficient 48V motor generator plus the 48V/12V DC/DC converter current intensity shall be defined as half of the rated current of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter for all operating points.

The rated current of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter is defined as the output nominal power of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter divided by 14,3 V. The nominal power of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter shall be the continuous output power at the 12V side guaranteed by the manufacturer of the DC/DC converter at the conditions specified in the ISO 8854:2012.

For each speed the voltage and the output current of the motor generator shall be kept constant, the voltage at 52 V.

The efficiency at each operating point shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 12:

Formula 12

All efficiency measurements are to be performed consecutively at least five (5) times. The average of the measurements at each operating point ( ) shall be calculated.

The efficiency of the generation function (ηTOT) shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 13:

Formula 13

The measurement set up has to allow the measurement of the 48V motor generation efficiency alone.

4.2. Demonstration of conservativeness of the 48V motor generator plus 48V/12V DC/DC converter efficiency determination

In order to use the procedure specified in 4.1 for the determination of ηTOT, it has to be demonstrated that the efficiency of the 48V motor generator alone obtained with the conditions specified in 4.1 is lower than the efficiency obtained with the conditions specified in 3.1.

4.3. Saved mechanical power

The 48 V motor generator plus the 48V/12V DC/DC converter generation function lead to saved mechanical power under real-world conditions (ΔPmRW) and type approval conditions (ΔPmTA) as set out in Formula 14.

Formula 14

ΔPm = ΔPmRW – ΔPmTA

Where the saved mechanical power under real-world conditions (ΔPmRW) shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 15 and the saved mechanical power under type-approval conditions (ΔPmTA) in accordance with Formula 16:

Formula 15

Formula 16

where

PRW : Power requirement under ‘real-world’ conditions [W], which is estimated at 750W PTA : Power requirement under type-approval NEDC conditions [W], which is estimated at 350W ηB : Efficiency of the baseline alternator [%], which is 67 %

4.4. Calculation of the CO2 savings

The CO2 savings of the 48 V motor generator plus the 48V/12V DC/DC converter shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 17:

Formula 17

where

v : Mean driving speed of the NEDC [km/h], which is 33,58 km/h VPe : Consumption of effective power specified in Table 2 CF : Conversion factor (l/100 km) - (g CO2/km) [gCO2/l] as defined in Table 3

4.5. Calculation of the statistical margin

The statistical margin of the results of the testing methodology caused by the measurements shall be quantified. For each operating point the standard deviation shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 18:

Formula 18

The standard deviation of the efficiency value of the efficient 48V motor generator plus the 48V/12V DC/DC converter ( ) shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 19:

Formula 19

The standard deviation of the motor generator and of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter efficiency leads to an uncertainty in the CO2 savings ( ). That uncertainty is calculated in accordance with Formula 20:

Formula 20

5. ROUNDING

The calculated CO2 savings value ( ) and the statistical margin of the CO2 saving ( ) must be rounded to a maximum of two decimal places.

Each value used in the calculation of the CO2 savings can be applied unrounded or must be rounded to the minimum number of decimal places which allows the maximum total impact (i.e. combined impact of all rounded values) on the savings to be lower than 0,25 gCO2/km.

6. STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE (for both methods)

It shall be demonstrated for each type, variant and version of a vehicle fitted with the efficient 48V motor generator that the uncertainty of the CO2 savings calculated in accordance with Formula 7 or Formula 17 is not greater than the difference between the total CO2 savings and the minimum savings threshold specified in Article 9(1) of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 (1) and Implementing Regulation (EU) No 427/2014 (see Formula 21).

Formula 21

Where:

MT : minimum threshold [g CO2/km] : total CO2 saving [g CO2/km] : standard deviation of the total CO2 saving [gCO2/km] : CO2 correction coefficient due to the positive mass difference between the efficient 48V motor generator plus 48V/12V DC-DC converter and the baseline alternator. For the data in Table 4 is to be used. Table 4 CO2 correction coefficient due to the extra mass Type of fuel CO2 correction coefficient due to the positive mass difference ( ) [g CO2/km] Petrol 0,0277 · Δm Diesel 0,0383 · Δm

Δm (in Table 4) is the extra mass due to the installation of the 48V motor generator and the 48V/12V DC-DC converter. It is the positive difference between the mass of the 48V motor generator plus the 48V/12V DC-DC converter and the mass of baseline alternator. The mass of the baseline alternator is 7 kg. The extra mass is to be verified and confirmed in the verification report to be submitted to the type approval authority together with the application for certifications.

(1) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 of 25 July 2011 establishing a procedure for the approval and certification of innovative technologies for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 194, 26.7.2011, p. 19).