2.01 Arable land Land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly, generally under a system of crop rotation. Crop rotation is the practice of alternating annual crops grown on a specific field in a planned pattern or sequence in successive crop years so that crops of the same species are not grown without interruption on the same field. Normally the crops are changed annually, but they can also be multiannual. To distinguish arable land from permanent crops or permanent grassland, a threshold of five years is used. This means that if a plot is used for the same crop for five years or more, without in the meantime removing the preceding crop and establishing a new one, it is not considered arable land.

2.01.01 Cereals for the production of grain (including seed) All areas of cereals harvested dry for grain, regardless of use, shall be recorded here (including cereals used for renewable energy production).

2.01.01.01 Common wheat and spelt Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori et Paol., Triticum spelta L. and Triticum monococcum L.

2.01.01.02 Durum wheat Triticum durum Desf.

2.01.01.03 Rye Secale cereale L., including mixtures of rye and other cereals sown in the autumn (maslin).

2.01.01.04 Barley Hordeum vulgare L.

2.01.01.05 Oats Avena sativa L., including mixtures of oats and other cereals sown in the spring.

2.01.01.06 Grain maize Maize (Zea mays L.) harvested for grain.

2.01.01.07 Rice Oryza sativa L.

2.01.01.99 Other cereals for the production of grain Cereals sown in pure crops, harvested dry for grain, and that are not recorded elsewhere under the previous items.

2.01.02 Dried pulses and protein crops for the production of grain (including seed and mixtures of cereals and pulses) Crops sown and harvested mainly for their protein content. All areas of dried pulses and protein crops harvested dry for grain, regardless of use, shall be recorded here (including crops used for renewable energy production).

2.01.02.01 of which peas, field beans and sweet lupins Pisum sativum L., Vicia faba L., Lupinus spp., sown in pure crops, harvested dry for grain.

2.01.03 Potatoes (including early potatoes and seed potatoes) Solanum tuberosum L.

2.01.04 Sugar beet (excluding seed) Beta vulgaris L. intended for the sugar industry and alcohol production (including energy production).

2.01.05 Fodder roots and brassicas (excluding seed) Fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and plants of the Brassicae family harvested mainly for animal feed, regardless whether it is the root or the stem, and other plants cultivated mainly for their roots for fodder, not mentioned elsewhere.

2.01.06 Industrial crops Crops that are normally not sold directly for consumption because they need to be industrially processed prior to final use. All harvested areas of industrial crops, regardless of use, shall be recorded here (including crops used for renewable energy production).

2.01.06.01 Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L.

2.01.06.02 Hops Humulus lupulus L.

2.01.06.03 Cotton Gossypium spp., harvested for fibre as well as for oil-seeds.

2.01.06.04 Rape and turnip rape Brassica napus L. (partim) and Brassica rapa L. var. sylvestris (Lam.) Briggs, grown for the production of oil, harvested as dry grains.

2.01.06.05 Sunflower Helianthus annuus L., harvested as dry grains.

2.01.06.06 Soya Glycine max L. Merril, harvested as dry grains.

2.01.06.07 Linseed (oil flax) Linum usitatissimum L., varieties grown mainly for producing oil, harvested as dry grains.

2.01.06.08 Other oil seed crops Other crops grown mainly for their oil content, harvested as dry grains, which are not mentioned elsewhere.

2.01.06.09 Flax Linum usitatissimum L., varieties grown mainly for producing fibre.

2.01.06.10 Hemp Cannabis sativa L.

2.01.06.11 Other fibre crops Other plants grown mainly for their fibre content, not mentioned elsewhere.

2.01.06.12 Aromatic plants, medicinal and culinary plants Plants or parts of plants for pharmaceutical purposes, perfume manufacture or human consumption. Culinary plants are distinguished from vegetables in that they are used in small amounts and provide flavour rather than substance to food.

2.01.06.99 Other industrial crops not mentioned elsewhere Other industrial crops that have not been mentioned elsewhere. Areas of crops used exclusively for renewable energy production are included.

2.01.07 Fresh vegetables, melons and strawberries of which:

2.01.07.01 Outdoor or under low (not accessible) protective cover Fresh vegetables, melons and strawberries, outdoor or under low (non-accessible) cover.

2.01.07.01.01 Open field Fresh vegetables, melons and strawberries grown on arable land in rotation with other agricultural crops.

2.01.07.01.02 Market gardening Fresh vegetables, melons and strawberries grown on arable land in rotation with other horticultural crops.

2.01.07.02 Under glass or other (accessible) protective cover Crops, which for the whole of their period of growth or for the predominant part of it are covered by greenhouses or fixed or mobile high cover (glass or rigid or flexible plastic).

2.01.08 Flowers and ornamental plants (excluding nurseries)

2.01.08.01 Outdoor or under low (not accessible) protective cover Flowers and ornamental plants (excluding nurseries), outdoor or under low (not accessible) protective cover.

2.01.08.02 Under glass or other (accessible) protective cover Flowers and ornamental plants (excluding nurseries), which for the whole of their period of growth or for the predominant part of it are covered by greenhouses or fixed or mobile high cover (glass or rigid or flexible plastic).

2.01.09 Plants harvested green All ‘green’ arable crops intended mainly for animal feed, grown in rotation with other crops and occupying the same parcel for less than five years (annual or multiannual fodder crops). Green crops used for renewable energy production are included. Crops not used on the holding but sold, either for direct use on other agricultural holdings or to industry, are included.

2.01.09.01 Temporary grass Grass plants for grazing, hay or silage included as a part of a normal crop rotation, lasting at least one crop year and less than five years, sown with grass or grass mixtures. The areas are broken up by ploughing or other tilling or the plants are destroyed by other means such as by herbicides before they are sown again. Mixtures of predominantly grass plants and other forage crops (usually leguminous), grazed, harvested green or as dried hay are included here.

2.01.09.02 Other plants harvested green Other annual or multiannual (less than five years) fodder crops.

2.01.09.02.01 Green maize All forms of maize (Zea mays L.) grown mainly for silage, which is not harvested for grain (whole cob, parts of or whole plant). This includes green maize directly consumed by animals (without silage) and whole cobs (grain, rachis, husk) harvested for feedstuff or silage as well as for renewable energy production.

2.01.09.02.02 Leguminous plants Leguminous plants grown and harvested green as the whole plant mainly for forage. Mixtures of predominantly leguminous (normally > 80 %) forage crops and grass plants, harvested green or as dried hay are included here.

2.01.09.02.99 Other plants harvested green not mentioned elsewhere Other arable crops intended mainly for animal fodder, harvested green, not mentioned elsewhere.

2.01.10 Arable land seed and seedlings Areas producing seeds and seedlings for sale, excluding cereals, rice, pulses, potatoes and oil seeds.

2.01.11 Other arable land crops Arable crops not included elsewhere.

2.01.12 Fallow land All arable land included in the crop rotation system, whether worked or not, but with no intention to produce a harvest for the duration of a crop year. The essential characteristic of fallow land is that it is left to recover, normally for the whole of a crop year. Fallow land may be: 1. bare land bearing no crops at all; 2. land with spontaneous natural growth, which may be used as feed or ploughed in; 3. land sown exclusively for the production of green manure (green fallow). All areas of arable land maintained in good agricultural and environmental conditions as set out in Article 5 of the Council Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 (5) or, where applicable, in the most recent legislation, regardless of whether they are part of the crop rotation or not, are included.

2.01.12.01 Fallow land without any subsidies Fallow land for which no financial aid or subsidy is paid.

2.01.12.02 Fallow land subject to the payment of subsidies, with no economic use Fallow land for which the holding is entitled to financial aid.

2.02 Kitchen gardens Areas devoted to the cultivation of agricultural products intended for self-consumption by the holder and his household, normally separated off from the rest of the agricultural land, and recognisable as kitchen gardens. Only occasional surplus products coming from this area are sold off from the holding. All areas from which products are consistently sold on the market belong under other items, even if part of the production is consumed by the holder and his household.

2.03 Permanent grassland Land used permanently (for five years or more) to grow herbaceous forage crops, through cultivation (sown) or naturally (self-seeded), and that is not included in the crop rotation on the holding. The land can be used for grazing or mown for silage, hay or used for renewable energy production.

2.03.01 Pasture and meadow, excluding rough grazings Permanent pasture on good or medium quality soils. These areas can normally be used for intensive grazing.

2.03.02 Rough grazings Low yielding permanent grassland, usually on low quality soil, for example on hilly land and at high altitudes, usually unimproved by fertiliser, cultivation, reseeding or drainage. These areas can normally be used only for extensive grazing and are not normally mown or are mown in an extensive manner; they cannot support a large density of animals.

2.03.03 Permanent grassland no longer used for production purposes and eligible for the payment of subsidies Areas of permanent grassland and meadows no longer used for production purposes which, in line with Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 or, where applicable, the most recent legislation, are maintained in good agricultural and environmental condition and are eligible for financial support.

2.04 Permanent crops Crops not grown in rotation, other than permanent grassland, which occupy the soil for a long period and yield crops over several years.

2.04.01 Fruit and berry plantations Areas containing trees, bushes and perennial berry plants other than strawberries for the production of fruit. Orchards may be of the continuous type with minimum spacing between trees or of the non-continuous type with wide spacing.

2.04.01.01 Fruit species, of which:

2.04.01.01.01 Fruit of temperate climate zones Fruit tree plantations which are traditionally cropped in temperate climates for producing fruits.

2.04.01.01.02 Fruit of subtropical climate zones Fruit tree plantations which are traditionally cropped in subtropical climates for producing fruits.

2.04.01.02 Berry species Berry plantations which are traditionally cropped both in temperate and subtropical climates for producing berries.

2.04.01.03 Nuts Nut tree plantations which are traditionally cropped in temperate and subtropical climates.

2.04.02 Citrus plantations Plantations of Citrus spp.

2.04.03 Olive plantations Plantations of Olea europea L.

2.04.03.01 Normally producing table olives Plantations of varieties normally grown for producing table olives.

2.04.03.02 Normally producing olives for oil production Plantations of varieties normally grown for producing olive oil.

2.04.04 Vineyards, of which normally producing: Plantations of Vitis vinifera L.

2.04.04.01 Quality wine Grape varieties normally grown for the production of wines with a protected designation of origin (PDO) which comply with the requirements (i) of Council Regulation (EC) No 479/2008 (6) or, where applicable, the most recent legislation; and (ii) the corresponding national rules. Grape varieties normally grown for the production of wines with a protected geographical indication (PGI) which comply with the requirements (i) of Regulation (EC) No 479/2008 or, where applicable, the most recent legislation; and (ii) the corresponding national rules.

2.04.04.02 Other wines Grape varieties normally grown for the production of wines other than PDO and PGI wines.

2.04.04.03 Table grapes Grape varieties normally grown for the production of fresh grapes.

2.04.04.04 Raisins Grape varieties normally grown for the production of raisins.

2.04.05 Nurseries Areas of young ligneous (woody) plants grown in the open air for subsequent transplantation: (a) vine and root-stock nurseries; (b) fruit tree and berries nurseries; (c) ornamental nurseries; (d) commercial nurseries of forest trees (excluding those for the holding's own requirements grown within woodland); (e) trees and bushes for planting in gardens, parks, at the roadside and on embankments (e.g. hedgerow plants, rose trees and other ornamental bushes, ornamental conifers), including in all cases their stocks and young seedlings.

2.04.06 Other permanent crops Open-air permanent crops other than those under the previous heading and in particular those used for plaiting or weaving, harvested generally every year.

2.04.06.01 of which Christmas trees (2) Trees planted for commercial purposes as Christmas trees on the utilised agricultural area.

2.04.07 Permanent crops under glass

2.05 Other land ‘Other land’ includes unutilised agricultural land (agricultural land which is no longer farmed, for economic, social or other reasons, and which is not used in the crop rotation system), wooded area and other land occupied by buildings, farmyards, tracks, ponds, quarries, infertile land, rock, etc.

2.05.01 Unutilised agricultural land Area previously used as an agricultural area and, during the reference year of the survey, no longer worked for economic, social or other reasons and which is not used in the crop rotation system, i.e. land where no agricultural use is intended. This land could be brought back into cultivation using the resources normally available on an agricultural holding.

2.05.02 Wooded area Areas covered with trees or forest shrubs, including poplar plantations inside or outside woods and forest-tree nurseries grown in woodland for the holding's own requirements, as well as forest facilities (forest roads, storage depots for timber, etc.).

2.05.02.01 of which short rotation coppices Wooded areas managed for growing wooded plants, where the rotation period is 20 years or less. The rotation period is the time between the first sowing/planting of the trees and the harvest of the final product, where harvesting does not include normal management actions like thinning.

2.05.03 Other land (land occupied by buildings, farmyards, tracks, ponds, quarries, infertile land, rock, etc.) All those parts of the total area belonging to the agricultural holding which constitute neither utilised agricultural area, unutilised agricultural area nor wooded area.

2.06 Mushrooms, irrigated area, energy crops and genetically modified crops

2.06.01 Mushrooms Cultivated mushrooms grown in buildings which have been specially erected or adapted for growing mushrooms, as well as in underground premises, caves and cellars.

2.06.02 Irrigated area

2.06.02.01 Total irrigable area Total maximum utilised agricultural area which could be irrigated in the reference year using the equipment and the quantity of water normally available on the holding.

2.06.02.02 Total cultivated area irrigated at least once during the previous 12 months Area of crops which have actually been irrigated at least once during the 12 months prior to the reference day of the survey.

2.06.03 Energy crops (for the production of biofuels or other renewable energy) The production area of energy crops benefiting from the following support schemes under Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003: — the specific aid for energy crops (Article 88), — the payment linked to set-aside entitlement when production takes place on set-aside area (Article 55 or 56). Other areas used for the production of energy crops (notably benefiting of the payment linked to ‘normal’ entitlement under the Single Payment Scheme or the Simplified Area Payment Scheme) are not covered.

2.06.03.01 of which on set-aside area The production area of energy crops benefiting of the payment linked to set-aside entitlement when production takes place on set-aside area (Council Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003, Article 55 or 56)