Information from the Commission - The Community coal market in 1982 and the outlook for 1983



Official Journal C 147 , 06/06/1983 P. 0001 - 0047



THE COMMUNITY COAL MARKET IN 1982 AND THE OUTLOOK FOR 1983 CONTENTS * Page * I . Summary * 4 * II . General economic situation and outlook * 4 * 1 . Recent trends : 1982 * 4 * 2 . Outlook for 1983 * 5 * III . Coal demand by sector * 5 * 1 . Steel * 5 * 2 . Power stations * 6 * 3 . Other industries * 7 * 4 . Domestic sector * 7 * IV . Community coal production * 7 * 1 . Production statistics * 7 * ( a ) Quantitative analysis of production * 7 * ( b ) Manpower and productivity * 7 * 2 . Financial developments * 8 * ( a ) Costs and proceeds * 8 * ( b ) Financial intervention by Member States * 8 * 3 . Developments in production capacity * 8 * ( a ) Investment in coal extraction and preparation * 8 * ( b ) Pit closures * 8 * V . Coal prices * 8 * 1 . Listed price * 9 * 2 . Coking coal * 9 * 3 . Steam coal * 10 * 4 . Comparison of the price for coking coal and steam coal imported from non-Member countries * 10 * 5 . Consumer prices * 10 * VI . Coke * 11 * 1 . Coking capacity * 11 * 2 . Coke production and coal supplies to coke ovens * 11 * VII . Trade in coal and coke * 12 * 1 . Intra-Community trade * 12 * 2 . Trade with third countries * 12 * ( a ) Imports * 12 * ( b ) Exports * 13 * VIII . Stocks of coal and coke * 13 * 1 . Producers' stocks of coal and coke * 13 * 2 . Stocks of coal at power stations * 13 * 3 . Other stocks * 14 * 4 . The degree of security provided by stocks * 14 * IX . Tables * 15 * 1 A - Shares of the various forms of primary energy in gross internal energy consumption * 15 * B - Gross internal consumption of energy in 1981 * 15 * 2 Gross domestic product in real terms ( percentage variation compared with previous year ) * 16 * 3 Community coal consumption by sector and by Member State * 16 * 4 Steel and pig iron production * 17 * 5 A - Specific coke input in blast furnaces * 18 * B - Consumption of coke an fuel oil in 1980 by blast furnaces * 18 * 6 Consumption of coke-oven coke in the iron and steel industry * 19 * 7 Coke consumption by sector * 19 * 8 A - Net electricity generation - Breakdown by energy sources * 20 * B - Fuel consumption by conventional thermal power stations : 1981 to 1983 * 21 * C - Consumption of solid fuels by power stations ( including colliery power plants and private generators ) * 23 * D - Coal supplies to public power plants ( not including colliery power plants or private generators ) * 24 * E - Conventional thermal power stations - Situation as at 31 December 1981 * 25 * F - Conventional thermal power stations that can burn hard coal or brown coal - New capacities and conversions * 25 * 9 Coal and coke-oven consumption in other industries ( excluding power stations ) * 26 * 10 A - Deliveries of coal , patent fuel and coke to the domestic sector * 27 * B - Deliveries of lignite and peat briquettes to the domestic sector * 28 * 11 Hard coal production by areas * 29 * 12 Hard coal production in joules * 30 * 13 Personnel employed underground * 30 * 14 Output per man/hour underground * 30 * 15 Costs and proceeds per tonne ( variation on the basis of data supplied in national currencies ) * 31 * 16 State aids to the coal industry for current production * 31 * 17 Investments in the coal industry ( coal extraction and preparation ) * 32 * 18 Pit closures * 32 * 19 A - Listed pre-tax pithead prices for Community coal as at 15 January 1982 , 1 July 1982 and 15 January 1983 ( national currency ) * 33 * B - Listed pre-tax pithead prices for Community coal as at 15 January 1982 , 1 July 1982 and 15 January 1983 ( US $ ) * 34 * 20 Average cif prices for coal imported from third countries * 35 * 21 Coke-oven coke production capacity * 35 * 22 Coking * 36 * 23 Coal supplies to coke ovens * 37 * 24 Trend of intra-Community trade in coal * 38 * 25 Trend of intra-Community trade in coke * 39 * 26 Imports of coal from third countries * 40 * 27 A - Imports of coal from third countries in 1981 ( provisional ) * 41 * B - Exports to third countries * 41 * 28 A - Producers' stocks of coal and coke * 42 * B - Stocks of coal at power stations * 42 * 29 A and B - Estimate of total stocks * 43 * 30 Estimate of total stocks of hard coal and coke ( expressed as coal equivalent ) held by producers and consumers , and in ports and/or central depots in the Community * 44 * 31 Coal balance sheet for 1983 * 45 * 32 Coke balance sheet for 1983 * 46 * 33 Brown coal an peat balance sheet for 1983 * 47 * I . SUMMARY ( Tables 1 A and 1 B ) In 1982 , for the third year running , the Community registered a significant drop in its gross internal consumption of energy . At 872 million tonnes of oil equivalent - a figure that was 4 % down both on the results for 1981 and the initial forecast for 1982 - the level of energy consumption was the lowest since 1975 . As for solid fuels , hard coal and brown coal maintained their share of the Community's gross internal consumption at 1981 level - 20,5 and 3,7 % respectively . Both figures were slightly up on 1980 , and no significant change is expected in 1983 . While oil's share is declining , those of nuclear power and natural gas are on the increase . The total supply of coal for the Community as a whole amounted to 317 million tonnes in 1982 , five million tonnes down on 1981 . The decrease is mainly confined to Community production , which at 241,3 million tonnes was 4,3 million tonnes less than in 1981 ; recoveries remained close to six millions tonnes and imports from non-member countries fell back marginally to 70 million tonnes . Demand for Community coal declined both inside the Community and outside . The sudden worsening of the steel crisis in 1982 caused an unexpectedly rapid and widespread reduction in deliveries of Community coking coal and coke . These will probably continue to decline in 1983 . Power stations , however , continued , and will continue , to increase their consumption of hard coal , accounting for about 60 % of the Community's annual coal requirement . Coal consumption by industry also continued to increase ( by 20 % in 1982 ) and should benefit further from the measures taken by the public authorities . Stocks of hard coal and coke held by producers , major consumers and others increased again during 1982 . By the end of the year they accounted for 138 million tonnes , or 20 million tonnes more than in 1981 - the equivalent of the average consumption during 164 calendar days . In short , the coal market in 1982 can be regarded as a buyer's market , which was not the case in 1981 . Prices , especially for individual loads , fell , particularly during the last few months of the year . Such a trend , which favours consumers , could help to expand demand , particularly if it continues in 1983 , as seems probable . This tendency could create more difficulties for Community collieries which experienced serious stockpiling problems at the end of 1982 and whose production cost went up despite rationalization measures and an improvement in output per miner . II . GENERAL ECONOMIC SITUATION AND OUTLOOK ( 1 ) ( Table 2 ) 1 . Recent trends : 1982 Overall production is very likely to have remained virtually stagnant in 1982 : growth in real terms for the Community as a whole is expected to be only 0,2 % on average for the year as a whole , whereas most national and international forecasts had put it at 2 % . One of the main reasons for this stagnation is the exceptionally high level , and instability , of interest rates around the world , which were widely affected by US rates . The continuing recession throughout the OECD area and the general climate of uncertainty have resulted in serious financial hardship for many companies . The assumption is , therefore , that companies will not decide to invest in new ventures , reconstitute stocks and create new jobs until the fall in interest rates can be considered to be a lasting phenomenon . Although some progress was made in controlling inflation , unemployment continued to spread . The further decline in the number of jobs , coupled with the continuing increase in the working population , meant that the average unemployment level for 1982 was a high as 11 million ( 9,6 % of the working population ) , and the number of unemployed exceeded 12 million at the end of the year. The Community's balance-of-payments deficit on current account for 1982 should be slightly over US$ 11 500 million ( 0,5 % of GDP ) , as against US$ 19 000 million in 1981 ( 0,8 % of GDP ) . While the overall deficit appears fairly small , there are considerable differences from one Member State to another . The expansion of the Community's exports , which was considerable in 1981 , slowed significantly in 1982 , the volume of world trade having decreased as a result of the growing financial difficulties of OPEC and the developing countries and of the continuing stagnation in te OECD countries . The downturn in exports was followed by a further drop in demand within the Community . 2 . Outlook for 1983 According to the forecasts , economic activity within the Community will remain at a very low level in 1983 . In view of the low level at the beginning of 1983 , as a result of the slowing-down in the second quarter of 1982 , overall production in the Community could increase by about 0,4 % over the year as a whole , which indicates a degree of recovery in the second half . This weak-growth forecast assumes that household consumption will virtually stagnate , as a result of the stabilization of disposable income in real terms . On the other hand , investment should pick up slightly in the second half of the year , as long as the fall in interest rates continues and company profitability improves . Demand should be sustained , moreover , by restocking on a limited scale after the decline in stock levels in the second half of 1982 . The number of unemployed should continue to rise until the final months of 1983 and should exceed 13 million , as a result of both a slight additional contraction in employment and more people coming on to te labour market , as has been the pattern in recent years . A fourth year of recession has begun . A slight improvement is expected for 1983 . However , the situation remains extremely serious . The direct causes are the accumulated effects of two successive shocks : the second oil crisis of 1979/80 and the problem of interest and exchange rates which arose in 1981/82 . On closer inspection , however , there is another , more profound cause , namely the vulnerability of the Community's and the world's economic structures - a vulnerability which has increased over the years and has become the crucial problem for the 1980s . III . COAL DEMAND BY SECTOR ( Table 3 ) 1 . Steel ( Tables 4 , 5 A , 5 B and 6 ) As a result of the steel crisis , coke consumption in the Community's steel industry , which had fallen from 63 million tonnes in 1977 to 53 million tonnes in 1981 , fell by another 7,5 million tonnes in 1982 to 45,8 million tonnes . This coke is used almost entirely for pig-iron production ; the latter , however , declined even more sharply from 1981 to 1982 than steel production ( pig-iron down 11,4 million tonnes , or 13 % ) ; steel down 12 % ) . While the pig-iron to steel ratio remained more or less stable at about 0,7 : 1 for the Community as a whole , the decline in steel production was greater in those Member States with the highest ratios . In Italy , where the ratio was only 0,5 : 1 , the fall was a mere 3 % . The downturn in pig-iron production was only partially offset by the increase in the specific coke input ( consumption of coke per tonne of pig iron ) . The latter , which was in decline until 1978 , has since recovered , rising from 500 to 530 kilograms ( Community average ) . It would now appear to have stabilized at 530 kilograms , after rising to 533 kilograms in 1981 . The recent increase was due largely to extensive conversion from oil to coke in blast furnaces ; the scale of this , however , was partly offset by the energy savings that have gradually been made in this sector . Table 5 B shows the total consumption of coke and fuel oil in this sector for 1980 ( ore sintering included ) . At present , steel production is controlled by forward programmes established every quarter and the quota system for steel companies introduced in 1980 ( 2 ) . Steel production in 1982 was about 111 million tonnes , as against 126 million tonnes in 1981 . The current forecast for 1983 is 105 million tonnes . Pig-iron production amounted to 88 million tonnes in 1981 , 77 million tonnes in 1982 , and is expected to amount to 73 million tonnes in 1983 . Since the latter figure allows for new developments in continuous casting , coke consumption in the Community steel industry can be expected to total about 43 million tonnes . 2 . Power stations ( Tables 8 A , 8 B , 8 C , 8 D , 8 E and 8 F ) 2.1 . Net electricity consumption in the Community in 1982 ( 1 210 TWh ) was almost the same as in the previous two years . As in 1981 , demand was more sustained in the services and household sectors . In 1983 , electricity consumption could go up by about 1,5 % , provided economic conditions improve . 2.2 . Net electricity generation in 1982 stayed the same as in 1981 . Coal's contribution went up again , but by much less than in 1981 . Oil's share fell once more by 12 % , whereas nuclear power's share rose again by 12 % . The breakdown by source for 1982 is as follows : * ( provisional figures ) * * Solid fuels * 43 % * 62 % * Nuclear power * 19 % * * Hydroelectric * 12 % * * Oil products * 17 % * 24 % * Natural gas * 7 % * * Other * 2 % * * Total * 100 % * * 1983 should see a further increase in nuclear power's share , while that of coal should remain steady . 2.3 . The picture as regards coal consumption by power stations in the Community ( colliery and industrial power plants and public power stations ) will probably be as follows : * ( million tonnes ) * 1981 : * 179 * 1982 : * 182 * 1983 : * 185 to 190 , depending on the economic situation * This represents about 60 % of the Community's annual coal requirement . 2.4 . Supplies to public power stations went up by 4,5 million tonnes from 1981 to 1982 , or by 3 % . This increase was accounted for by national hard coal ( six million tonnes ) , intra-Community trade remaining stable at nearly seven million tonnes and imports from non-member countries falling back by 1,5 million tonnes ( 4 % ) . More than eight million of the 172 million tonnes of total deliveries were earmarked for stocks ( movements differed from one Member State to another , as indicated in Chapter VIII ) . Effective consumption in 1982 was therefore about 164 million tonnes , or 90 % of the gross figure for all power stations ( 3 ) . On a country-by-country basis , the trend in supplies between 1981 and 1982 shows fewer pronounced differences than between 1980 and 1981 . The continued increase in the case of the Federal Republic of Germany ( of 2,5 million tonnes , or 6 % ) and the decrease in the case of France ( of 1,7 million tonnes , or 11 % ) should be noted . In 1983 , total supplies to public power stations should stay approximately at the same level ( 172 million tonnes ) , but there may be fluctuations in some Member States : a downturn in the United Kingdom , for instance , and an upswing in France . 2.5 . Conventional thermal power stations ( Tables 8 E and 8 F ) The data in Tables 8 E and 8 F are not directly comparable with those published with the same numbers and headings in the Commission's report on the Community coal market in 1981 and the outlook for 1982 ( 4 ) . Whereas the latter gave the gross power-station capacity in megawatts , it is now the net capacity which is used , and this obviously involves slightly lower figures . The new data , taken from a UNIPEDE report ( 5 ) of September 1982 , show that by late 1981 solid fuel-burning capacity ( 115 000 MW ) represented 50 % of total conventional thermal power-station capacity , i.e. that which burns fossil fuels ( Table 8 E ) . Table 8 F shows the solid fuel-burning capacity ( 24 000 MW ) which by the end of 1987 ( 6 ) will be added to , or will partially replace , the capacity listed in Table 8 E ; the most significant developments will be in Germany , Greece and Italy . 3 . Other industries ( Table 9 ) Coal consumption by this sector continued to progress , although at a slower rate than forecast . The actual increase ( 20 % ) was such that more than 17 million tonnes of hard coal and four million tonnes of coke were consumed in 1982 . The process of conversion from oil to coal was virtually completed in the cement factories of Belgium , the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom . It is still in progress in the other Member States , so that the further progression of coal in the cement market looks rather limited . The ' miscellaneous industries ' sector still consumed about 75 million tonnes of fuel oil , or some 110 million tonnes of coal equivalent . There is therefore still considerable conversion potential . The measures taken in this field by coal suppliers and certain public authorities could soon start to have a greater impact . In the United Kingdom , the number of factories which have converted to coal is now greater than the number closing down . The fact that coal has maintained its price advantage over fuel oil is an encouraging factor for firms contemplating conversion to coal . As for 1983 , it is expected that the total consumption of hard coal and coke will continue to rise - to around 23 million tonnes . In addition , some two million tonnes of pulverized brown coal will be consumed . 4 . Domestic sector ( Tables 10 A and 10 B ) This sector consumed about the same overall tonnage of solid fuels as did ' other industries ' but the proportions were different : 16 million tonnes hard coal , 3,5 million tonnes patent fuels , 3,5 million tonnes coke , 3,5 million tonnes brown-coal briquettes . This market has shown a downward trend for many years now , particularly in France . The price differential between house coal and domestic heating oil is generally smaller than that between the corresponding products in industry . It has not always been possible to find substitutes which will satisfy consumers for certain traditional grades that are now unavailable . The new impetus given to coal-fired collective heating in various countries could help to reverse this trend . IV . COMMUNITY COAL PRODUCTION 1 . Production statistics ( a ) Quantitative analysis of production ( Tables 11 and 12 ) For various reasons , and with divergent trends in the different Member States , coal production in the Community as a whole went down by four million tonnes in 1982 - a trend which should continue in 1983 . The decline may even be as much as seven million tonnes in the Federal Republic of Germany . In that country the undertakings will take a series of measures such as a limitation of overtime , a halt in the engaging of new workmen , enforced leave taken as paid holiday and others . One pit will be closed at the end of the year . These measures are prompted by a desire to rationalize and prevent further stockpiling as much as possible . Steps are also being taken to improve sales . ( b ) Manpower and productivity ( Tables 13 and 14 ) The tendency for manning levels to fall continued in 1982 for the Community as a whole . The average level for 1983 should be 326 000 miners , or about 10 000 below the 1982 figure . This reduction will affect all coalfields in the Community . Productivity - expressed in kilograms per man-hour - was highest in the Federal Republic of Germany . The increases in productivity in 1982 were relatively slight , and productivity even fell by 4 % in France . In 1983 , it is expected that productivity will rise again in general , thanks to a high level of investment . 2 . Financial developments ( a ) Costs and proceeds ( Table 15 ) In 1982 , coal-production costs generally rose in the Community : wage increases outstripped improvements in productivity , and the prices of mining machinery and supplies rose . In France , the rate of increase in costs was greater than the inflation rate ; production costs in Belgium , on the other hand , fell . The rate of increase in costs is expected to fall this year . As regards the proceeds from Community coal , the pattern in 1982 varied from one Member State to another ; a considerable increase was recorded in Belgium . The gap between costs and proceeds widened in 1982 in France and the United Kingdom , but narrowed in Belgium and the Federal Republic of Germany . Taking the average for the Community , proceeds from Community coal registered only a slight upturn as a result of the trend in the prices charged for coal on the world market . The financial situation of the Community ' s two main coal producers developed as follows in 1982 : German collieries recorded a slight improvement , but those in the United Kingdom fared worse . The profitability of the coal industry is not expected to change significantly in 1983 . ( b ) Financial intervention by Member States ( Table 16 ) Unlike previous years , 1982 saw an overall reduction in the amount of aid per tonne of Community coal ; the amount varied , however , from one producer country to another . In Belgium , Germany and the United Kingdom it fell , whereas it rose by about a third in France . Moreover , there was still a considerable gap between the amount of aid granted in Belgium and France ( 31 to 32 ECU per tonne ) and that in Germany and the United Kingdom ( 6 to 8 ECU per tonne ) . During 1982 , the total amount of subsidy granted under Decisions 73/287/ECSC and No 528/76/ECSC to Community coal producers was about 2 200 million ECU . 3 . Developments in production capacity ( a ) Investment in coal extraction and preparation ( Table 17 ) Investment in the coal industry reached the record level of 1 800 million ECU in 1982 . Certain large-scale projects were based on rationalizing production , as in Germany , while in other cases the building of new extractive plants continued , as at Selby in the United Kingdom . It is expected that investment will slow down in 1983 , since the undertakings ' financial situation will be more precarious and the forecasts for market and production trends are less optimistic . ( b ) Pit closures ( Table 18 ) In 1982 , six pits in the United Kingdom - with a capacity of 1,3 million tonnes - were closed . There were no closures in the other Member States . In 1983 , one mine is scheduled to be closed in the Federal Republic of Germany . V . COAL PRICES In view of the considerable fluctuations in exchange rates , the following list showing the movements of the US dollar against Community currencies may prove useful : US $ 1 = * Bfrs * Dkr * DM * FF * Lit * Fl * £ * Dr * ECU * 4 January 1982 * 38,03 * 7,28 * 2,23 * 5,65 * 1 192 * 2,45 * 0,517 * 57,215 * 1,0892 * 1 July 1982 * 47,06 * 8,25 * 2,46 * 6,83 * 1 385 * 2,72 * 0,576 * 69,26 * 0,9589 * 3 January 1983 * 49,69 * 8,39 * 2,37 * 6,73 * 1 368 * 2,63 * 0,616 * 70,75 * 0,9688 * 1 . Listed prices ( Tables 19 A and 19 B ) Tables 19 A and 19 B show the listed pre-tax pithead prices for certain coal fields and types of coal in national currencies and US dollars . The listed prices for Community coal continued to increase in 1982 at more or less the same rate as in the three preceding years ; the increases ranged from 3 to 40 % . There was a downward movement , however , in the United Kingdom . The situation was as follows in the individual Member States : Belgium Total increases for 1982 ranged from 10 to 21 % compared with the end of 1981 . A general price increase of 3 to 5 % on 1 January 1982 was followed by a 10 % increase for domestic coal on 1 May . Coal for industrial and domestic use went up by 4 to 8 % on 1 July . Anthracite was raised again by 2 to 3 % on 1 October . Coke prices went up by 3 to 43 % at various dates . Prices of coking coal and washed fines were raised by 3 to 5 % on 1 January 1983 . Federal Republic of Germany The overall increases for 1982 ranged from 3 to 15 % depending on the products and undertakings , those which occurred on 1 April and 1 May ranged from 1 to 6 % for industrial coals and from 1 to 13 % for industrial and domestic coke . All prices were then raised on 1 October by 2 to 5 % . A further increase of 1 to 6 % was applied to some domestic coals on 1 November . France Overall , prices were raised by 7 to 30 % in 1982 ( the increase was 30 % in the case of coking coal and 10 % for power-station coal ) . Two general increases were made on 1 February and 1 April ( 7 to 15 % ) . On 1 July , prices went up by 12 % for coking coal , 11 % for blast-furnace coke and 10 % for power-station coal . On 1 January 1983 , there was an increase of 4 to 12 % ( 2 % for power-station coal ) , except as regards coking coal and blast-furnace coke . United Kingdom On 1 March , the price of anthracite , lean coal , domestic coke and smokeless fuel was cut by 1 % . The British Steel Corporation cut the selling price of its coke by 12 % . A single price rise , ranging from 5 to 10 % , was introduced on 1 November . Italy Coke prices were raised by 6 to 13 % on 23 August . 2 . Coking coal ( Table 20 ) The guide price ( 7 ) fell by 8 % from US $ 86,55 - the record so far - to US $ 79,70 per tonne ( a fall of US $ 7 ) between 1981 and the end of 1982 . The fall in the guide price resulted mainly from the slashing of the demurrage charges for vessels awaiting loading in American and Australian ports , where the congestion has eased . The charges fell from $ 8,90 per tonne at end 1981 to $ 0,55 at end 1982 . The fall of $ 1,60 per tonne ( i.e. 17 % ) in the mean Atlantic freight rate was offset by the rise in the other price components . A comparison of the guide price and Community prices for coking coal in 1982 - in two currencies , by way of illustration is given below : * End 1981 * US-$/t * DM/t * £/t * End 1982 * US-$-t * DM/t * £/t * % difference * Guide price ( $/t )* 86,55 * * * 79,70 * * * - 8 * Guide price ( DM/t ) * * 201,14 * * * 201,16 * * 0 * Guide price ( £/t ) * * * 47,16 * * * 47,01 * - 0,3 * Listed price ( DM/t ) ( 1 ) * * 244,50 * * * 253,50 * * + 3,7 * Listed price ( £/t ) ( 1 ) * * * 55,50 * * * 59,50 * + 7,2 * Differential * * 43,36 * 8,34 * * 52,34 * 12,49 * * ( 1 ) Not adjusted for quality . The table shows that the gap between Community coal prices and imported coal prices widened ( from DM 43 to DM 52 , and from £ 8 to 12 per tonne ) . It is also clear that the increase in the dollar exchange rate completely offset the fall in the guide price during the period concerned . The new differential is the result , therefore , of increased production costs in the Community . 3 . Steam coal ( Table 20 ) The average prices cif ARA for coal imported from non-member countries for Community power stations also fell ( from $ 72 to $ 70 between the fourth quarter of 1981 and the third quarter of 1982 ( 8 ) . Comparable prices for Community coal ranged from $ 99 to $ 125 at the end of 1981 and from $ 121 per tonne at the end of 1982 ( 8 ) . 4 . Comparison of the prices for coking coal and steam coal imported from non-member countries On the basis of the data gathered by the Commission for calculating the average values given in 2 and 3 above , the following comparative table can be drawn up : Coking coal * End 1981 * End 1982 * 1 . US $/t ( t = t ) * 83,29 * 76,58 * 2 . Guide price ( $/t ) * 86,55 * 79,70 * 3 . LCV ( kJ/kg ) of 2 * 31 124 * 31 124 * 4 . ECU/t at 29,3 GJ * 75,40 * 77,46 * Steam coal * End 1981 * End 1982 * 5 . US $/t ( t = t ) * 62,81 * 62,13 * 6 . LCV ( kJ/kg ) of 5 * 25 556 * 26 124 * 7 . ECU/t at 29,3 GJ * 65,86 * 72,54 * 8 . Radio of 4 : 7 ( in % ) * 114 % * 107 % * The figures show that , at the same calorific values , coking coal continued to lose ground to steam coal on the world market . 5 . Consumer prices The Commission has started to publish a bulletin of energy prices which will provide a periodic review of the consumer prices of petroleum products , coal , gas and electricity in the Member States . In the domestic sector , it is generally anthracite of screen sizes 10 to 20 mm or 20 to 30 mm , with a lower calorific value of between 29,3 and 33,5 GJ per tonne , that monitored . In the case of Italy , it is coke . ( Deliveries of 1 000 kilograms . ) The price components , supplied in national currencies , have been converted into ECU per tonne at 29,3 GJ so as to allow comparison . The trend for the period from the beginning of 1981 to the beginning of 1982 is as follows : Free-at-domestic-consumer price ( ECU/tce ) , inclusive of tax * D * B * F * I * NL * UK * IRL * 1 January 1981 * 166,60 * 189,84 * 217,43 * 217,17 * 179,77 * 172,20 * 124,66 * 1 January 1982 * 185,61 * 207,72 * 247,88 * 250,60 * 203,79 * 188,72 * 150,16 * + % * 11,4 * 9,4 * 14,0 * 15,4 * 13,4 * 9,6 * 20,4 * At 1 January 1982 the above prices for coal compared as follows with those for domestic heating oil : Prices to domestic consumers ( ECU/GJ ) , inclusive of tax * D * B * F * I * NL * UK * IRL * Coal * 6,34 * 7,11 * 8,45 * 8,52 * 6,96 * 6,40 * 5,10 * Heating oil * 9,40 * 9,23 * 9,95 * 9,37 * 9,80 * 9,68 * 9,08 * A similar comparison of the products for industrial use gives the following figures : Prices to industrial consumers ( ECU/GJ ) , inclusive of tax * D * B * F * I * NL * UK * IRL * Coal * 3,42 * 4,0 * 3,04 * 6,08 * - * 3,32 * 3,51 * Fuel oil * 5,38 * 5,15 * 5,44 * 5,0 * - * 5,26 * 7,45 * Industrial gas * 7,34 * 5,96 * 5,14 * 5,53 * - * 4,88 * - * For Community coal the price advantage , at the same calorific values , is generally lower than that which emeges from the preceding table , and it tended to decline during 1982 . Clearly , quoting a single price for each country fails to express the variety of possible consumer situations as a result of their geographical location , the various origins and characteristics of the types of coal used , and the conditions under which boilers are used , etc . VI . COKE 1 . Coking capacity ( Table 21 ) At the end of 1982 , coke production capacity amounted to 71,1 million tonnes , or 3,1 million tonnes less than at the end of 1981 . This drop is again due mainly to closures in the United Kingdom ; one of these , accounting for one million tonnes , was for repair reasons and is thus temporary . One steel-industry coking plant was shut down in Germany . In 1983 , total capacity should remain unchanged , the reintroduction into service of the UK coking plant compensating for the closure of a colliery coking plant in Germany and one in France , and of a steel-industry coking plant in the United kingdom . However , worsening prospects for the coke market and the cost of extra stockpiling could lead to further measures , resulting in a greater reduction of coking capacity in the Community than is currently forecast . 2 . Coke production and coal supplies to coke ovens ( Tables 22 and 23 ) At 60 million tonnes , coke production was four million tonnes , or 6 % , less than in 1981 . This trend was apparent in all the countries . In 1983 , the level of production will probably drop below 54 million tonnes . Only Italy will maintain production at the 1982 level . The trend for supplies of coal to coke ovens was broadly the same as that for production : at 80 million tonnes , supplies were 4,7 million tonnes down on 1981 . The reduction was confined almost entirely to Community coking coal ; supplies of coal from non-member countries remained constant . In 1983 , coke-oven requirements will probably be about 71 million tonnes , or one-quarter of the Community ' s total requirement of coal . A drop in supplies of national and outside coal may be expected , with trade staying at the 1982 level . As in 1982 , coal from non-member countries will probably account for 28 % of supplies to coke ovens and one-third of all imports . VII . TRADE IN COAL AND COKE 1 . Intra-Community trade ( Tables 24 and 25 ) Deliveries within the Community consist almost entirely of hard coal and coke ; brown coal and peat are not very significant , as was stated in the Commission ' s report on the subject . Trade in hard coal and coke involves all consumer sectors , but mainly coke ovens and steelworks ; the remainder is divided among power stations , other industries and households . The principal supplier is Germany , followed by the United Kingdom . For some years now , trade has been falling off , despite an upswing in 1981 . The trend since 1980 is as follows : ( million tonnes ) * 1980 * 1981 * 1982 * 1983 ( forecast ) * Hard coal * 17,2 * 19,9 * 16,6 * 15,8 * Coke * 7,6 * 6,9 * 5,6 * 5,9 * Total * 24,8 * 26,8 * 22,2 * 21,7 * Trade in hard coal increased in 1981 largely as a result of an increase of 3,6 million tonnes in deliveries from the United Kingdom and a reduction in deliveries of Polish coal . The drop in 1982 compared with 1981 affected both German and British coal ( down 1,7 and 1,4 million tonnes respectively ) ; the fall in coke affected Germany only ( down 1,3 million tonnes ) . The forecast for 1983 puts the total trade in hard coal and coke ( the latter expressed as hard coal ) at about 10 % of Community production and 33 % of Community imports of hard coal . This trade often follows a traditional pattern . Its decline is often linked to a fall in demand from - or even the disappearance of - specific customers . Such is the case with coking coal and coke delivered by German producers to the steel industry in other Member States , or again with the coal used for manufacturing patent fuel for household consumption . Another factor limiting the volume of trade is the size of the price reductions on Community coal sold in other countries , where customers very often require prices to be aligned on those for coal imported from non-Community sources . After a brief respite in 1981 , when the price of coal from non-member countries rose steeply as a result of exceptionally high demurrage charges on vessels awaiting loading , and despite the dollar ' s considerable increase in value in 1982 , the gap between the production costs of Community coal and the cif prices of imported coal widened . When Community coal has to be transported to European ports , where for instance a considerable proportion of steelmaking activity is located , alignment also has to offset the transport costs involved , which range from 5 to 19 ECU per tonne depending on the route concerned . Even where coal from non-member countries is conveyed to inland plants , the costs from the port of importations are often lower than those engendered by Community coal : overall , the transport differential puts the latter at a disadvantage , except when it is consumed near a coalfield . 2 . Trade with third countries ( a ) Imports ( Tables 26 and 27 A ) At 70 millions tonnes , supplies from non-member countries plateaued at the level for 1981 , the year when the upward trend from the figure of 38 million tonnes in 1974 dipped . The volume of imports fell significantly in three Member States : France ( down three million tonnes ) , Denmark and the United Kingdom . It rose in Belgium , Germany , Italy and the Netherlands . On the supply side , the United States ( with 36 million tonnes ) still supplies over half the Community market , and South Africa still accounts for a quarter , despite a reduction of 1,7 million tonnes . Poland occupies third place , with exports up by 3,8 million to 8 million tonnes , almost twice their former level . Supplies from Australia have fallen to 6,8 million tonnes ( down by 0,8 million ) . These tonnage movements were accompanied , especially at the end to the year , by price concessions by sellers wishing to safeguard or recapture their market share . In 1983 , imports of coal from non-member countries should exceed 70 million tonnes . Italy , too , will probably again purchase more . On the suypply side , Poland and Australia should step up their deliveries , while imports from the United States should decline . ( b ) Exports ( Table 27 B ) After the big jump in 1981 ( up from 0,9 to 3,6 million tonnes ) , the glut of the world market in 1982 caused exports to weaken by about 0,9 million tonnes , which affected both the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany . The coke market shrank , too , for Germany and Belgium ( combined loss : 800 000 tonnes ) . A slight recovery is expected in 1983 for hard coal , exports of which should rise again to above three million tonnes ; as regards coke , this level will probably no longer be reached . VIII . STOCKS OF COAL AND COKE ( Tables 28 A , 28 B , 29 A , 29 B and 30 ) At the end of 1982 , the estimated total stocks of coal ( including coke expressed as coal equivalent ) amounted to 138 million tonnes for the whole of the Community , or 20 million tonnes up on the end of 1981 . This figure represented the consumption during 164 calendar days . These stocks can be subdivided among three main groups : hard-coal and coke producers ( 57 million tonnes ) , power stations ( 54 million ) and others ( 27 million ) . 1 . Producer ' s stocks of coal and coke ( Table 28 A ) Contrary to previous years , the figures given in this table do not include those in the German national reserve , which now comes under the heading ' other stocks ' . Pithead stocks of hard coal rose by three million tonnes in 1982 . This development was the result notably of a major increase in the Federal Republic of Germany ( up by 5,5 million tonnes ) , offset by a fall of 1,9 million tonnes in France . The sum represents production during 64 calendar days ( extremes : 25 days in Belgium , 118 in France ) . In 1983 , it is expected that there will be a further overall rise of seven million tonnes ( six million tonnes of which in the United Kingdom ) . Community stocks would then represent production during more than 70 calendar days . Coke stocks exceeded 11 million tonnes - an increase of more than four million tonnes , mainly in Germany . At the end of 1982 this represents about two months Community production and would not increase in 1983 . 2 . Stocks of coal at power stations ( Table 28 B ) These stocks rose from 40 million tonnes at the end of 1980 to 46 million tonnes by the end of 1981 and 54 million tonnes by the end of 1982 . Stockpiling considerably exceeded the consumption trend . In 1982 the increase in the United Kingdom was nearly 10 million tonnes - much greater than pithead destocking during the same period . In France , on the other hand , stock levels rose by 2,5 million tonnes for financial reasons . For 1983 , a further increase of one million tonnes is expected in Germany and Italy . Total stocks at the end of 1982 were the equivalent of consumption during 105 calendar days for the Community as a whole ( 285 days in the case of Denmark ) . 3 . Other stocks ( Tables 29 A and B ) In addition to the abovementioned categories of stocks , there are also coal stocks at coke ovens ( 5,2 million tonnes ) , in ports and depots ( 15,8 million tonnes ) and miscellaneous stocks of coke ( 4,6 million tonnes ) . The greater part of these consists of the German ' national reserve ' ( 7,2 million tonnes of hard coal and three million tonnes of coke ) : the rest belongs to producers , consumers ( mainly power stations and coke ovens ) or dealers . The total is equivalent to 27 million tonnes of coal . 4 . The degree of security provided by stocks ( Table 30 ) Taken together , the three categories of stocks analysed above provide cover , measured in calendar days , of average consumption of coal and coke , ranging between 50 days in Italy and 260 days in Denmark ; these extremes are less far apart than they were in 1981 . The Community average is 164 days , a figure to which the United Kingdom and the Netherlands are very close . ( 1 ) Further details are given in the Annual Economic Report 1982/83 ( COM [ 82 ] 677 final ) published in European Economy No 14 , November 1982 . ( 2 ) Decision No 1696/82/ECSC ( OJ No L 191 , 1 . 7 . 1982 , p. 1 ) is in force until 30 June 1983 . ( 3 ) 155 millions tonnes of brown coal , mainly in Germany and Greece ( see Table 8 C ) , should be added to this . ( 4 ) OJ No C 131 , 24 . 5 . 1982 , p. 1 . ( 5 ) Programmes and prospects for the electricity industry 1982/87 and 1988/95 ( 12 th edition ) . ( 6 ) The table does not go beyond 1987 and thus does not cover all the ' other projects ' in the last column on Table 8 F in the 1981/82 report . ( 7 ) Average value cif ARA for coking coal imported from the USA under medium-term and long-terme contracts . ( 8 ) Prices are on the basis of one tonne = 29,3 GJ. TABLE 1 A Shares of the various forms of primary energy in gross internal energy consumption * 1980 ( Eurostat ) * 1981 ( Eurostat ) * 1982 Estimate * 1983 Forecast * * Million toe * % * Million toe * % * Million toe * % * Million toe * % * Hard coal * 189,8 * 20,1 * 186,4 * 20,5 * 178,5 * 20,5 * 186 * 20,5 * Lignite * 32,9 * 3,5 * 33,5 * 3,7 * 33,0 * 3,8 * 34 * 3,7 * Oil * 493,8 * 52,3 * 449,4 * 49,4 * 425,5 * 48,9 * 430 * 47,5 * Natural gas * 169,2 * 18,0 * 168,1 * 18,5 * 155,7 * 17,7 * 167 * 18,5 * Nuclear energy * 42,7 * 4,5 * 56,6 * 6,2 * 64,2 * 7,4 * 73 * 8,1 * Other * 15,4 * 1,6 * 15,8 * 1,7 * 15,3 * 1,7 * 15 * 1,7 * Total * 943,8 * 100,0 * 909,8 * 100,0 * 872,2 * 100,0 * 905 * 100,0 * TABLE 1 B Gross internal consumption of energy in 1981 ( million toe ) * Belgium * Denmark * Germany * France * Greece * Ireland * Italy * Luxembourg * Netherlands * United Kingdom * EUR-10 * Solid fuels * 11,19 * 4,87 * 83,84 * 28,54 * 3,64 * 1,69 * 11,95 * 1,51 * 3,75 * 68,89 * 219,87 * % * 25,8 * 28,9 * 32,5 * 15,8 * 24,5 * 21,2 * 9,2 * 47,6 * 6,2 * 35,4 * 24,2 Petroleum products * 20,62 * 11,49 * 114,90 * 96,55 * 10,86 * 5,08 * 90,77 * 1,06 * 26,78 * 73,63 * 451,74 * % * 47,6 * 68,2 * 44,5 * 53,5 * 73,2 * 63,8 * 69,6 * 33,4 * 44,1 * 37,9 * 49,7 * Natural gas * 8,22 * - * 42,54 * 21,89 * - * 1,12 * 21,93 * 0,32 * 28,92 * 40,87 * 165,82 * % * 19,0 * * 16,5 * 12,1 * * 14,1 * 16,8 * 10,1 * 47,7 * 21,0 * 18,2 * Nuclear * 3,19 * - * 13,54 * 27,51 * - * - * 0,79 * - * 0,94 * 10,61 * 56,59 * % * 7,4 * * 5,3 * 15,3 * * * 0,6 * * 1,5 * 5,5 * 6,2 * Other * 0,11 * 0,48 * 3,02 * 5,93 * 0,34 * 0,07 * 4,95 * 0,28 * 0,29 * 0,38 * 15,82 * % * 0,2 * 2,9 * 1,2 * 3,3 * 2,3 * 0,9 * 3,8 * 8,9 * 0,5 * 0,2 * 1,7 * Total * 43,33 * 16,84 * 257,86 * 180,41 * 14,84 * 7,97 * 130,39 * 3,17 * 60,66 * 194,37 * 909,84 * % * 100,0 * 100,0 * 100,0 * 100,0 * 100,0 * 100,0 * 100,0 * 100,0 * 100,0 * 100,0 * 100,0 * TABLE 2 Gross domestic product in real terms ( percentage variation compared with previous year ) ( % ) Member State * 1981 Actual * 1982 Estimates * 1983 Forecasts * Belgium * - 1,1 * - 0,5 * - 0,5 * Denmark * - 0,2 * - 2,1 * - 2,4 * Federal Republic of Germany * 0,0 * - 0,5 * 1 * Greece * - 0,7 * 0,7 * 1,9 * France * 0,2 * 1,1 * 1,0 * Ireland * 1,8 * 2,0 * 2,4 * Italy * - 0,2 * 0,8 * 1,0 * Luxembourg * - 2,4 * - 0,3 * 1,0 * Netherlands * - 1,4 * - 0,5 * - 0,3 * United Kingdom * - 1,2 * - 0,6 * 1,7 * EUR-10 * - 0,3 * 0,4 * 1,1 * TABLE 3 Community coal consumption by sector and by Member State ( million tonnes ) * 1981 Actual * 1982 Estimates * 1983 Forecasts * 1982/81 % difference * 1983/82 % difference * A . SECTOR * * * * * * Thermal power stations * 179,5 * 182,2 * 187,4 * + 2 * + 3 * Coke ovens * 84,7 * 79,7 * 71,1 * - 6 * - 11 * Iron and steel industry * 1,6 * 1,3 * 1,4 * - 17 * + 3 * Other industries * 14,6 * 17,5 * 19,2 * + 20 * + 10 * Domestic sector * 16,5 * 15,6 * 15,7 * - 5 * - * Patent fuel plants * 4,0 * 3,6 * 3,5 * - 10 * - 2 * Own consumption at mines * 1,6 * 1,5 * 1,5 * - 5 * - * Gasworks and others * 1,3 * 1,2 * 1,2 * - 5 * - * Statistical difference * - 0,2 * - * - * - * - * Total * 303,6 * 302,7 * 301,0 * - * - * B . STATE * * * * * * Belgium * 17,4 * 16,1 * 15,2 * - 7 * - 6 * Denmark * 8,1 * 9,9 * 9,2 * + 22 * - 7 * Federal Republic of Germany * 92,4 * 91,6 * 90,0 * - 1 * - 2 * France * 42,8 * 45,6 * 43,7 * + 6 * - 4 * Greece * 0,2 * 0,7 * 0,9 * + 193 * + 35 * Ireland * 1,3 * 1,4 * 1,4 * + 7 * + 5 * Italy * 17,9 * 18,1 * 19,6 * + 1 * + 8 * Luxembourg * 0,3 * 0,3 * 0,3 * - 14 * - * Netherlands * 5,4 * 7,4 * 7,5 * + 32 * + 6 * United Kingdom * 117,8 * 111,6 * 113,3 * - 5 * + 2 * Total * 303,6 * 302,7 * 301,0 * - * - * TABLE 4 Steel and pig-iron production ( '000 tonnes ) * 1981 Actual * 1982 Estimates * 1983 Forecasts * 1982/81 % difference * A . STEEL * * * * * Belgium * 12 283 * 9 895 * n.a. * - 19 * Denmark * 612 * 560 * n.a. * - 8 * Federal Republic of Germany * 41 610 * 35 876 * n.a. * - 14 * France * 21 245 * 18 427 * n.a. * - 13 * Greece * 909 * 900 * n.a. * - 1 * Ireland * 33 * 61 * n.a. * + 85 * Italy * 24 778 * 24 003 * n.a. * - 3 * Luxembourg * 3 790 * 3 509 * n.a. * - 7 * Netherlands * 5 472 * 4 353 * n.a. * - 20 * United Kingdom * 15 321 * 13 753 * n.a. * - 10 * EUR-10 * 126 053 * 111 337 * 105 150 * - 12 * B . PIG IRON * * * * * Belgium * 9 809 * 7 853 * n.a. * - 20 * Federal Republic of Germany * 31 876 * 27 626 * n.a. * - 13 * France * 17 274 * 15 047 * n.a. * - 13 * Greece * - * - * n.a. * - * Italy * 12 319 * 11 601 * n.a. * - 6 * Luxembourg * 2 889 * 2 589 * * - 10 * Netherlands * 4 600 * 3 618 * n.a. * - 21 * United Kingdom * 9 461 * 8 467 * n.a. * - 11 * EUR-10 * 88 228 * 76 801 * 72 625 * - 13 * n.a. = not available . TABLE 5 A Specific coke input in blast furnaces ( kg/tonne ) Member State * 1981 Actual * 1982 Estimates * 1983 Forecasts * Belgium * 541 * 545 * 545 * Denmark * - * - * - * Federal Republic of Germany * 540 * 528 * 530 * France * 535 * 533 * 533 * Greece * - * - * - * Ireland * - * - * - * Italy * 478 * 470 * 475 * Luxembourg * 553 * 550 * 550 * Netherlands * 485 * 485 * 485 * United Kingdom * 583 * 575 * 575 * EUR-10 * 533 * 530 * 530 * TABLE 5 B Consumption of coke and fuel oil in 1980 by blast furnaces ( including the quantities needed for sintering ore ) ( kg/tonne of pig iron ) Member State * Coke * Fuel * Total ( fuel oil being counted as 1,3 ) * Belgium * 623,0 * 10,8 * 637,0 * Denmark * - * - * - * Federal Republic of Germany * 587,0 * 23,4 * 617,0 * France * 579,0 * 40,4 * 632,0 * Greece * - * - * - * Ireland * - * - * - * Italy * 528,0 * 28,7 * 565,0 * Luxembourg * 544,0 * 7,5 * 554,0 * Netherlands * 479,0 * 61,9 * 559,0 * United Kingdom * 662,0 * 12,5 * 678,0 * EUR-10 * 580,0 * 26,8 * 615,0 * TABLE 6 Consumption of coke-oven coke in the iron and steel industry ( '000 tonnes ) Member State * 1981 Actual * 1982 Estimates * 1983 Forecasts * 1982/81 % difference * 1983/82 % difference * Belgium * 6 146 * 4 800 * 4 300 * - 22 * - 10 * Denmark * 26 * 15 * 15 * - 42 * - * Federal Republic of Germany * 19 493 * 16 500 * 15 700 * - 15 * - 5 * France * 10 471 * 9 000 * 8 600 * - 14 * - 4 * Greece * 83 * 30 * 30 * - 64 * - * Ireland * - 5 * 5 * 5 * - * - * Italy * 6 679 * 6 320 * 6 235 * - 5 * - 1 * Luxembourg * 1 846 * 1 700 * 1 685 * - 8 * - 1 * Netherlands * 2 397 * 1 850 * 1 775 * - 23 * - 4 * United Kingdom * 6 150 * 5 600 * 4 500 * - 9 * - 20 * EUR-10 * 53 296 * 45 820 * 42 845 * - 15 * - 5 * Used in : * * * * * * Blast furnaces * 46 997 * 40 770 * 38 185 * - 13 * - 6 * Ore sintering plants * 6 052 * 4 880 * 4 505 * - 19 * - 8 * Others * 247 * 170 * 155 * - 30 * - 9 * TABLE 7 Coke consumption by sector ( '000 tonnes ) * 1981 Actual * 1982 Estimates * 1983 Forecasts * 1982/81 % difference * 1983/82 % difference * Iron and steel industry ( 1 ) * 53 296 * 45 820 * 42 845 * - 14 * - 6 * Other industries ( 2 ) * 3 800 * 3 980 * 4 130 * + 5 * + 4 * Domestic sector ( 3 ) * 3 874 * 3 532 * 3 520 * - 9 * - 3 * Others * 1 331 * 1 342 * 1 352 * + 1 * + 1 * Statistical difference * 404 * - * - * - * - * Total * 62 705 * 54 674 * 51 847 * - 13 * - 4 * ( 1 ) See Table 6 ( figures country by country ) . ( 2 ) See Table 9 B ( figures country by country ) . ( 3 ) See Table 10 A ( figures country by country ) . TABLE 8 A Net electricity generation - Breakdown by energy sources * Production in TWh * Actual * 1981 * Estimates * 1982 * Forcasts * 1983 * % breakdown * Actual * 1981 * Estimates * 1982 * Forecasts * 1983 * TWh % difference * 1982/81 * 1983/82 * Total production : * 1 206,3 * 1 203,6 * 1 222,3 * 100,0 * 100,0 * 100,0 * - * + 2 * Belgium * 48,2 * 48,0 * 48,4 * 4,0 * 4,0 * 4,0 * - * + 1 * Denmark * 18,5 * 22,4 * 23,1 * 1,5 * 1,9 * 1,9 * + 21 * + 3 * Federal Republic of Germany * 347,2 * 345,3 * 349,7 * 28,8 * 28,7 * 28,6 * - 1 * + 1 * France * 264,3 * 266,2 * 276,5 * 21,9 * 22,1 * 22,6 * + 1 * + 4 * Greece * 21,9 * 21,8 * 22,7 * 1,8 * 1,8 * 1,9 * - * + 4 * Ireland * 10,3 * 10,5 * 10,7 * 0,9 * 0,9 * 0,9 * + 2 * + 2 * Italy * 173,5 * 176,1 * 179,3 * 14,4 * 14,6 * 14,6 * + 1 * + 2 * Luxembourg * 1,2 * 0,9 * 0,9 * 0,1 * 0,1 * 0,1 * - 25 * - * Netherlands * 61,3 * 57,6 * 56,2 * 5,1 * 4,7 * 4,6 * - 6 * - 2 * United Kingdom * 259,9 * 254,8 * 254,8 * 21,5 * 21,2 * 20,8 * - 2 * - * Hydroelectric : total * 149,5 * 146,1 * 134,8 * 12,4 * 12,1 * 11,0 * - 2 * - 8 * - natural flow * 141,7 * n.a. * n.a. * n.a. * n.a. * n.a. * n.a. * n.a. * - pumped storage * 7,8 * n.a. * n.a. * n.a. * n.a. * n.a. * n.a. * n.a. * Geothermal * 2,6 * 2,6 * 2,6 * 0,2 * 0,2 * 0,2 * - * - * Nuclear * 201,8 * 226,5 * 257,3 * 16,7 * 18,8 * 21,1 * + 12 * + 13 * Conventional thermal : total * 852,4 * 828,4 * 827,6 * 70,7 * 68,9 * 67,7 * - 3 * - * - coal * 408,8 * 414,1 * 421,0 * 33,9 * 34,4 * 34,5 * + 1 * + 2 * - lignite and peat * 102,6 * 101,8 * 103,1 * 8,5 * 8,5 * 8,4 * - 1 * + 1 * - oil products * 222,5 * 192,8 * 186,0 * 18,4 * 16,0 * 15,2 * - 13 * - 4 * - natural gas * 91,7 * 93,5 * 91,6 * 7,6 * 7,8 * 7,5 * + 2 * - 2 * - derived gases * 20,4 * 26,2 * 25,9 * 2,3 * 2,2 * 2,2 * - 2 * - 1 * - other fuels * 6,4 * * * * * * * * n.a. = not available . TABLE 8 B Fuel consumption by conventional thermal power stations 1981-1983 ( in petajoules ( 10* ) LCV ) * Consumption in petajoules for electricity alone * % difference * Actual * Estimates * Forecasts * 1981 * 1982 * 1983 * % breakdown * Actual * Estimates * Forecasts * 1981 * 1982 * 1983 * % difference 1982/1981 * 1983/1982 * Belgium * * * * * * * * * Hard coal * 140,2 * 157,9 * 157,9 * 38 * 48 * 61 * + 13 * - * Oil products * 134,5 * 119,6 * 50,1 * 37 * 36 * 19 * - 11 * - 58 * Natural gas * 53,4 * 23,5 * 23,5 * 15 * 7 * 9 * - 56 * - * Other * 35,6 * 27,9* 27,9 * 10 * 9 * 11 * - 22 * - * Total * 363,7 * 328,9 * 259,4 * 100 * 100 * 100 * - 10 * - 21 * Denmark * * * * * * * * * Hard coal * 178,5 * 220,3 * 229,1 * 87 * 92 * 92 * + 23 * + 4 * Oil products * 27,3 * 20,4 * 20,4 * 13 * 8 * 8 * - 25 * - * Total * 205,8 * 240,7 * 249,5 * 100 * 100 * 100 * + 17 * + 4 * Federal Republic of Germany * * * * * * * * * Hard coal * 1 167,1 * 1 211,0 * 1 305,1 * 40 * 43 * 45 * + 4 * + 8 * Lignite * 1 016,8 * 967,0 * 967,0 * 35 * 35 * 33 * - 5 * - * Oil products * 188,8 * 198,0 * 221,3 * 6 * 7 * 8 * + 5 * + 12 * Natural gas * 421,7 * 324,0 * 309,6 * 15 * 12 * 11 * - 23 * - 4 * Other * 113,1 * 100,0 * 96,9 * 4 * 3 * 3 * - 11 * - 3 * Total * 2 907,5 * 2 800 * 2 899,9 * 100 * 100 * 100 * - 4 * + 4 * Greece * * * * * * * * * Lignite * 131,8 * 131,5 * 144,1 * 64 * 66 * 70 * - * + 10 * Oil products * 72,5 * 67,5 * 62,5 * 35 * 34 * 30 * - 7 * - 7 * Other * 0,8 * 1,0 * 1,0 * 1 * - * - * + 25 * - * Total * 205,1 * 200,0 * 207,6 * 100 * 100 * 100 * - 2 * + 4 * France * * * * * * * * * Hard coal * 476,1 * 551,0 * 562,0 * 52 * 61 * 62 * + 16 * + 2 * Lignite * 29,2 * 29,5 * 29,8 * 3 * 3 * 3 * + 1 * + 1 * Oil products * 298,0 * 240,0 * 230,7 * 33 * 27 * 25 * - 19 * - 4 * Natural gas * 44,6 * 41,0 * 39,4 * 5 * 4 * 4 * - 8 * - 4 * Other * 59,7 * 45,5 * 48,0 * 7 * 5 * 6 * - 24 * + 5 * Total * 907,6 * 907,0 * 909,9 * 100 * 100 * 100 * - * - * Ireland * * * * * * * * * Hard coal * 0,7 * 0,9 * 0,9 * 1 * 1 * 1 * + 29 * - * Peat * 24,4 * 26,1 * 28,1 * 24 * 23 * 24 * + 7 * + 8 * Oil products * 44,9 * 29,6 * 30,4 * 44 * 26 * 27 * - 34 * + 3 * Natural gas * 32,2 * 55,6 * 55,6 * 31 * 50 * 48 * + 73 * - * Total * 102,20 * 112,2 * 115,0 * 100 * 100 * 100 * + 10 * + 3 * Italy * * * * * * * * * Hard coal * 149,5 * 182,1 * 182,1 * 13 * 15 * 15 * + 22 * - * Lignite * 12,7 * 13,6 * 13,6 * 1 * 1 * 1 * + 7 * - * Oil products * 913,5 * 856,9 * 886,0 * 77 * 73 * 72 * - 6 * + 3 * Natural gas * 77,5 * 102,8 * 102,8 * 6 * 9 * 9 * + 33 * - * Other * 41,3 * 41,9 * 39,6 * 3 * 3 * 3 * + 1 * - 5 * Total * 1 194,5 * 1 197,3 * 1 224,1 * 100 * 100 * 100 * - * + 2 * Luxembourg * * * * * * * * * Hard coal * 1,0 * 0,7 * 0,7 * 11 * 11 * 10 * - 30 * - * Oil products * 1,0 * 1,2 * 2,0 * 12 * 19 * 28 * + 20 * + 70 * Natural gas * 1,2 * - * - * 14 * - * - * - 100 * - * Other * 5,4 * 4,5 * 4,5 * 63 * 70 * 62 * - 17 * - * Total * 8,6 * 6,4 * 7,2 * 100 * 100 * 100 * - 26 * + 13 * Netherlands * * * * * * * * * Hard coal * 69,7 * 118,0 * 123,4 * 13 * 24 * 25 * + 69 * + 5 * Oil products * 228,4 * 115,5 * 101,6 * 43 * 23 * 21 * - 49 * - 12 * Natural gas * 209,3 * 247,0 * 247,0 * 39 * 49 * 50 * + 18 * - * Other * 26,3 * 21,0 * 21,0 * 5 * 4 * 4 * - 20 * - * Total * 533,7 * 501,5 * 493,0 * 100 * 100 * 100 * - 6 * - 2 * United Kingdom * * * * * * * * * Hard coal * 2 094,0 * 1 900,0 * 1 866,0 * 87 * 84 * 85 * - 9 * - 2 * Oil products * 276,9 * 325,0 * 295,4 * 12 * 15 * 14 * + 17 * - 9 * Natural gas * 17,1 * 20,0 * 22,7 * 1 * 1 * 1 * + 16 * + 14 * Other * 9,8 * 10,0 * 10,0 * - * - * - * + 2 * - * Total * 2 397,8 * 2 255,0 * 2 194,1 * 100 * 100 * 100 * - 6 * - 3 * EUR-10 * * * * * * * * * Hard coal * 4 276,8 * 4 341,9 * 4 427,2 * 48 * 51 * 52 * + 2 * + 2 * Peat + lignite * 1 214,9 * 1 167,7 * 1 182,6 * 14 * 14 * 14 * - 4 * + 1 * Oil products * 2 185,8 * 1 973,7 * 1 900,4 * 25 * 23 * 22 * - 10 * - 4 * Natural gas * 857,0 * 813,9 * 800,6 * 10 * 10 * 9 * - 5 * - 2 * Other * 292,0 * 251,8 * 248,9 * 3 * 2 * 3 * - 14 * - 1 * Total * 8 826,5 * 8 549,0 * 8 559,7 * 100 * 100 * 100 * - 3 * - * TABLE 8 C Consumption of solid fuels by power stations ( including colliery power plants and private generators ) ( million tonnes ) * 1981 Actual * 1982 Estimate * 1983 Forecast * % difference * 1982/1981 * 1983/1982 * Belgium * * * * * * Coal * 6,1 * 6,6 * 6,6 * + 7 * - * Denmark * * * * * * Coal * 7,2 * 9,1 * 8,2 * + 26 * - 10 * Federal Republic of Germany * * * * * * Coal ( 1 ) 46,9 * 49,0 * 51,2 * + 5 * + 5 * Black lignite * 2,2 * 2,2 * 2,2 * - * - * Lignite * 115,0 * 115,0 * 115,0 * - * - * France * * * * * * Coal * 21,0 * 24,6 * 24,0 * + 17 * - 2 * Black lignite * 1,6 * 1,6 * 1,6 * - * - * Lignite * 1,1 * 1,2 * 1,3 * + 9 * + 8 * Greece * * * * * * Lignite * 25,3 * 27,7 * 30,4 * + 9 * + 10 * Ireland * * * * * * Peat * 2,6 * 2,4 * 2,6 * - 8 * + 8 * Italy * * * * * * Coal * 5,9 * 6,3 * 7,2 * + 7 * + 14 * Lignite * 2,0 * 2,0 * 2,0 * - * - * Netherlands * * * * * * Coal * 2,7 * 3,7 * 4,4 * + 37 * + 19 * United Kingdom * * * * * * Coal * 89,6 * 82,8 * 85,8 ( 2 ) * - 8 * + 4 * EUR-10 * * * * * * Coal * 179,5 * 182,2 * 187,4 * + 2 * + 3 * Black lignite * 3,8 * 3,8 * 3,8 * - * - * Peat and lignite * 146,0 * 148,3 * 151,3 * + 2 * + 2 * ( 1 ) After deduction of steam delivered to mines by Steag . ( 2 ) Range from 83,3 to 88,3 . TABLE 8 D Coal supplies to public power plants ( not including colliery power plants or private generators ) ( ' 000 tonnes ) * National coal * Coal from other ECSC countries * Total ECSC coal * Coal from third countries * Total supplies * Belgium * 1980 * 2 252 * 267 * 2 519 * 2 809 * 5 328 * * 1981 * 2 283 * 104 * 2 387 * 3 451 * 5 838 * * 1982 ( 1 ) * 2 155 * 200 * 2 355 * 3 495 * 5 850 * Denmark * 1980 * - * 903 * 903 * 8 566 * 9 469 * * 1981 * - * 1 775 * 1 775 * 7 987 * 9 762 * * 1982 ( 1 ) * - * 2 000 * 2 000 * 7 300 * 9 300 * Federal Republic of Germany ( 2 ) * 1980 * 29 985 * 1 304 * 31 289 * 4 802 * 36 091 * * 1981 * 31 610 * 1 690 * 33 300 * 6 073 * 39 373 * * 1982 ( 1 ) * 34 100 * 1 700 * 35 800 * 6 000 * 41 800 * France * 1980 * 2 616 * 2 664 * 5 280 * 13 528 * 18 808 * * 1981 * 3 000 * 2 700 * 5 700 * 10 500 * 16 200 * * 1982 ( 1 ) * 2 925 * 2 375 * 5 300 * 9 200 * 14 500 * Italy * 1980 * - * - * - * 4 906 * 4 906 * * 1981 * - * - * - * 6 628 * 6 628 * * 1982 ( 1 ) * - * - * - * 6 800 * 6 800 * Netherlands * 1980 * - * 306 * 306 * 1 516 * 1 822 * * 1981 * - * 564 * 564 * 2 626 * 3 190 * * 1982 ( 1 ) * - * 600 * 600 * 3 100 * 3 700 * United Kingdom * 1980 * 87 340 * 45 * 87 385 * 4 542 * 91 927 * * 1981 * 85 773 * 4 * 85 777 * 1 097 * 86 874 * * 1982 ( 1 ) * 89 610 * - * 89 610 * 890 * 90 500 * EUR-10 * 1980 * 122 193 * 5 489 * 127 682 * 40 660 * 168 351 * * 1981 * 122 666 * 6 837 * 129 503 * 38 362 * 167 865 * * 1982 ( 1 ) * 128 790 * 6 875 * 135 665 * 36 785 * 172 450 * First forecast for 1983 * * * * * * Belgium * 2 635 * 200 * 2 835 * 3 415 * 6 250 * Denmark * - * 1 900 * 1 900 * 6 300 * 8 200 * Federal Republic of Germany * 36 300 * 1 700 * 38 000 * 6 100 * 44 100 * France * 3 000 * 2 250 * 5 250 * 11 750 * 17 000 * Italy * - * - * - * 7 500 * 7 500 * Netherlands * - * 700 * 700 * 3 700 * 4 400 * United Kingdom * 82 500 * - * 82 500 * 500 * 83 000 * EUR-10 * 124 435 * 6 750 * 131 185 * 39 265 * 170 450 * ( 1 ) Estimates . ( 2 ) Including ' Bergbaugewerkschaft ' . TABLE 8 E Conventional thermal power station ( 1 ) - Station as at 31 December 1981 ( net maximum capacity in MW ) Member State * Total * Capacity that can be fired by : * coal * brown coal or peat * Belgium * 8 179 * 3 636 * - * Denmark * 7 663 * 5 338 * - * Federal Republic of Germany * 68 524 * 27 162 * 13 349 * France * 29 719 * 13 411 * 627 * Greece * 4 257 * - * 2 470 * Ireland * 2 766 * 15 * 384 * Italy * 30 255 * 4 937 * 295 * Luxembourg * 221 * 60 * - * Netherlands * 16 958 * 2 434 * - * United Kingdom * 62 813 * 41 549 * - * EUR-10 * 231 355 * 98 542 * 17 125 * ( 1 ) Fired by solid , liquid or gaseous fuel . TABLE 8 F Conventional thermal power stations that can burn hard coal or brown coal New capacities and conversions ( net maximum capacity in MW ) Member State * Brought into service in : * 1982 * New capacity * Conversion * 1983 ( 5 ) * New capacity * Conversion * After 1983 ( 5 ) * New capacity * Conversion * Total increase ( 1982 - end 1987 ) in the capacity that can burn solid fuels * Belgium * - * 122 * - * - * - * - * 122 * Denmark * 87 * 130 * 45 * 143 * 788 * - * 1 193 * Federal Republic of Germany * 1 100 * - * 1 220 * - * 7 550 ( 1 ) * - * 9 870 * France * 580 * 585 * 580 * 600 * 1 160 ( 2 ) * - * 3 505 * Greece * - * - * 273 * - * 1 377 ( 3 ) * - * 1 650 * Ireland * 42 ( 4 ) * - * 42 ( 4 ) * - * 846 * - * 930 * Italy * - * 301 * - * 529 * - * 2 639 * 3 469 * Luxembourg * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * Netherlands * - * - * - * - * 600 * 1 200 * 1 800 * United Kingdom * 92 * - * 60 * - * 1 270 * - * 1 422 * EUR-10 * 1 901 * 1 138 * 2 220 * 1 272 * 13 591 * 3 839 * 23 961 * ( 1 ) Of which 320 brown coal . ( 2 ) Of which 580 brown coal . ( 3 ) Of which 1 377 brown coal . ( 4 ) Of which 42 brown coal . ( 5 ) Excludes closures . TABLE 9 Coal and coke-oven consumption in other industries ( excluding power stations ) ( ' 000 tonnes ) * 1981 Actual * 1982 Estimates * 1983 Forecasts * 1982/81 % difference * 1983/82 % difference * A . COAL * * * * * * Belgium * 1 842 * 1 420 * 1 450 * - 23 * + 2 * Denmark * 535 * 530 * 600 * - 1 * + 13 * Federal Republic of Germany * 3 990 * 3 900 * 4 100 * - 2 * + 5 * France * 2 570 * 3 700 * 4 000 * + 44 * + 8 * Greece * 47 * 570 * 820 * ( × 12 ) * + 44 * Ireland * 191 * 240 * 310 * + 26 * + 29 * Italy * 795 * 1 600 * 2 000 * + 101 * + 25 * Luxembourg * 88 * 140 * 140 * + 59 * - * Netherlands * 61 * 400 * 480 * + 556 * + 20 * United Kingdom * 4 508 * 5 000 * 5 300 * + 11 * + 6 * EUR-10 * 14 627 * 17 500 * 19 200 * + 20 * + 10 * B . COKE ( 1 ) * * * * * * Belgium * 191 * 225 * 235 * + 18 * + 4 * Denmark * 18 * 15 * 15 * - 17 * - * Federal Republic of Germany * 1 404 * 1 250 * 1 300 * - 11 * + 4 * France * 899 * 900 * 900 * - * - * Greece * 11 * 150 * 150 * ( × 14 ) * - * Ireland * - * - * - * - * - * Italy * 750 * 840 * 900 * + 12 * + 7 * Luxembourg * - * - * - * - * - * Netherlands * 227 * 300 * 330 * + 32 * + 10 * United Kingdom * 300 * 300 * 300 * - * - * EUR-10 * 3 800 * 3 980 * 4 130 * + 5 * + 4 * ( 1 ) See Table 7 ( coke consumption by sector ) . TABLE 10 A Deliveries of coal ,patent fuel and coke to the domestic sector ( ' 000 tonnes ) * 1981 Actual * 1982 Estimate * 1983 Forecast * 1982/81 % difference * 1983/82 % difference * Belgium * Coal * 1 159 * 1 242 * 1 242 * + 7 * - * * Patent fuel * 130 * 130 * 120 * - * - 8 * * Coke * 35 * 38 * 38 * + 9 * - * * Total * 1 324 * 1 410 * 1 400 * + 6 * - 1 * Denmark * Coal * 48 * 120 * 250 * + 150 * + 67 * * Patent fuel * 6 * 5 * 5 * - 17 * - * * Coke * 37 * 40 * 50 * + 8 * + 25 * * Total * 91 * 165 * 305 * + 81 * + 84 * Federal Republic of Germany * Coal ( 1 ) * 1 330 * 1 180 * 1 180 * - 11 * - * * Patent fuel * 956 * 950 * 900 * - 1 * - 5 * * Coke * 1 376 * 1 310 * 1 300 * - 5 * - 1 * * Total * 3 662 * 3 440 * 3 380 * - 6 * - 2 * France * Coal * 2 288 * 1 800 * 1 730 * - 21 * - 4 * * Patent fuel * 1 698 * 1 500 * 1 450 * - 12 * - 3 * * Coke * 254 * 150 * 150 * - 40 * - * * Total * 4 240 * 3 450 * 3 330 * - 19 * - 3 * Greece * Coal * 15 * - * 5 * - * - * * Coke * 7 * 17 * 20 * + 142 * + 18 * * Total * 22 * 17 * 25 * - 23 * + 47 * Ireland * Coal * 1 069 * 1 110 * 1 110 * + 4 * - * * Coke * - * - * - * - * - * * Total * 1 069 * 1 110 * 1 110 * + 4 * - * Italy * Coal * 100 * 150 * 150 * + 50 * - * * Patent fuel * 10 * 10 * 10 * - * - * * Coke * 150 * 150 * 140 * - * - * * Total * 260 * 310 * 300 * + 19 * - 3 * Luxembourg * Coal * 6 * 5 * 5 * - 17 * - * * Patent fuel * 2 * 2 * 2 * - * - * * Coke * 4 * 7 * 7 * + 75 * - * * Total * 12 * 14 * 14 * + 17 * - * Netherlands * Coal * 81 * 90 * 100 * + 11 * + 11 * * Patent fuel * 1 * 1 * 1 * - * - * * Coke * 11 * 20 * 15 * + 81 * - 25 * * Total * 93 * 111 * 116 * + 19 * + 5 * United Kingdom ( 2 ) * Coal * 10 400 * 9 950 * 9 950 * - 4 * - * * Patent fuel * 915 * 900 * 900 * - 2 * - * * Coke * 2 000 * 1 800 * 1 800 * - 10 * - * * Total * 13 315 * 12 650 * 12 650 * - 5 * - * EUR-10 * Coal * 16 496 * 15 647 * 15 722 * - 5 * - * * Patent fuel * 3 718 * 3 498 * 3 388 * - 6 * - 3 * * Coke * 3 874 * 3 532 * 3 520 * - 9 * - * * Total * 24 088 * 22 677 * 22 630 * - 6 * - * ( 1 ) Excluding troops . ( 2 ) Including public authorities and miscellanneous . TABLE 10 B Deliveries of lignite and peat briquettes to the domestic sector ( ' 000 tonnes ) * 1981 Actual * 1982 Estimates * 1983 Forecasts * % difference * 1982/81 * 1983/82 * A . Lignite briquettes ( 20 000 kj/kg ) * * * * * * Belgium * 54 * 50 * 50 * - 7 * - * Federal Republic of Germany * 3 325 * 3 100 * 3000 * - 7 * - 3 * France * 147 * 140 * 140 * - 5 * - * Greece * 80 * 75 * 75 * - 6 * - * Italy * 60 * 55 * 55 * - 8 * - * Luxembourg * 53 * 50 * 50 * - 5 * - * * 3 719 * 3 470 * 3 370 * - 7 * - 3 * B . Black lignite ( 14 500-21 000 kj/kg ) * * * * * * France * 48 * 45 * 45 * - 6 * - * C . Peat ( 7 800-13 800 kj/kg ) * * * * * * Ireland * 210 * 200 * 200 * - 5 * - * D . Peat briquettes ( 19 500 kj/kg ) * * * * * * Ireland * 330 * 300 * 300 * - 9 * - * TABLE 11 Hard coal production by areas ( ' 000 tonnes ) * 1981 Actual * 1982 Provisional * 1983 Forecasts * Kempen * 5 815 * 6 277 * 6 250 * Sud * 321 * 262 * 240 * Belgium * 6 136 * 6 539 * 6 490 * Ruhr * 76 669 * 77 300 * 70 350 * Aachen * 5 247 * 5 420 * 5 150 * Ibbenbueren * 2 257 * 2 300 * 2 300 * Saar + Kleinzechen * 11 373 * 11 290 * 11 200 * Federal Republic of Germany * 95 545 * 96 310 * 89 000 * Nord - Pas-de-Calais * 3 952 * 3 100 * 3 150 * Lorraine * 10 893 * 10 445 * 10 500 * Centre-Midi * 3 744 * 3 350 * 3 350 * France * 18 589 * 16 895 * 17 000 * Ireland * 69 * 61 * 85 * Scotland * 7 400 * 6 821 * 107 400 * North-East * 13 651 * 12 796 * * Yorkshire * 31 775 * 30 750 * * North-West * 11 451 * 10 530 * * Midlands - Kent * 37 907 * 37 331 * * South Wales * 7 634 * 7 215 * * Licensed mines * 1 121 * 1 168 * 1 100 * Opencast * 14 362 * 14 816 * 14 000 * United Kingdom * 125 301 * 121 427 * 122 500 * EUR-10 * 245 640 * 241 232 * 235 075 * TABLE 12 Hard coal production in joules * 103 tonnes * Terajoules ( 1 ) * kj/kg * 1981 * * * * Belgium * 6 136 * 168 921 * 27 530 * Federal Republic of Germany * 95 545 * 2 616 720 * 27 390 * France * 18 589 * 470 981 * 25 335 * Ireland * 69 * 1 460 * 21 160 * United Kingdom * 125 301 * 3 083 543 * 24 610 * EUR-10 * 245 640 * 6 341 625 * 25 815 * 1982 * * * * Belgium * 6 539 * 180 019 * 27 530 * Federal Republic of Germany * 96 310 * 2 637 930 * 27 390 * France * 16 895 * 428 034 * 25 335 * Ireland * 61 * 1 291 * 21 160 * United Kingdom * 121 427 * 2 988 958 * 24 610 * EUR-10 * 241 232 * 6 236 232 * 25 849 * ( 1 ) 1012 joules . TABLE 13 Personnel employed underground ( yearly average in ' 000 ) Member State 1981 Actual * 1982 Provisional * 1983 Forecast * % difference * 1982/81 * ' 000 * % * 1983/82 * ' 000 * % * Belgium * 16,0 * 16,0 * 15,7 * - * - * - 0,3 * - 1 * Federal Republic of Germany * 123,9 * 121,8 * 117,8 * - 2,1 * - 2 * - 4,0 * - 3 * France * 28,8 * 27,8 * 27,8 * - 1,0 * - 3 * - * - * United Kingdom * 178,2 * 169,5 * 164,0 * - 8,7 * - 5 * - 5,5 * - 3 * EUR-10 ( 1 ) * 347,2 * 335,4 * 325,6 * - 11,8 * - 3 * - 9,8 * - 3 * ( 1 ) Including 0,3 in Ireland . TABLE 14 Output per man/hour underground Member State * Kilograms per man/hour * 1981 Actual * 1982 Provisional * 1983 Forecasts * % difference * 1982/81 * 1983/82 * Belgium * 267 * 282 * 285 * + 6 * + 1 * Federal Republic of Germany * 531 * 545 * 545 * + 3 * - * France * 376 * 360 * 360 * - 4 * - * United Kingdom * 392 * 396 * 400 * + 1 * + 1 * TABLE 15 Costs and proceeds per tonne ( Variation on the basis of data supplied in national currencies ) ( % ) Member State * Production costs * 1981/80 Actual * 1982/81 Provisional * Revenue * 1981/80 Actual * 1982/81 Provisional * Belgium * + 9,6 * - 1,0 * + 29,4 * + 23,0 * Federal Republic of Germany * + 14,5 * + 3,8 * + 10,7 * + 6,0 * France * + 10,1 * + 20,0 * + 26,4 * + 8,0 * United Kingdom * + 14,4 * + 9,5 * + 13,9 * + 5,1 * TABLE 16 State aids to the coal industry for current production ( ECU/tonne produced ) Member State * Direct aids ( 1 ) * 1981 * 1982 ( 2 ) * Indirect aids * 1981 * 1982 ( 2 ) * Total * 1981 * 1982 ( 2 ) * Belgium * 44,29 * 29,93 * 1,87 * 1,75 * 46,16 * 31,68 * Federal Republic of Germany ( 3 ) * 12,19 * 7,67 * 0,23 * 0,30 * 12,42 * 7,97 * France * 22,67 * 30,30 * 0,43 * 0,47 * 23,10 * 30,77 * United Kingdom * 6,77 * 5,76 * - * - * 6,77 * 5,76 * EUR-10 * 10,96 * 8,95 * 0,17 * 0,20 * 11,13 * 9,15 * ( 1 ) Including coking-coal aids . ( 2 ) Provisional . ( 3 ) Not including aids distributed in connection with the third Verstromungsgesetz ( law concerning the production of electricity from coal ) . TABLE 17 Investments in the coal industry ( Coal extraction and preparation ) ( million ECU ) * 1981 Actual * 1982 Estimates * 1983 ( 1 ) Forecasts * Belgium * 29,4 * 47,0 * 6,9 * Federal Republic of Germany * 420,6 * 471,2 * 380,5 * France * 58,4 * 68,0 * 98,5 * United Kingdom * 1 242,3 * 1 247,0 * 1 147,6 * EUR-10 * 1 750,7 * 1 833,2 * 1 633,5 * ( 1 ) Only including investments on which a start has been made or concerning which a decision has been taken . TABLE 18 Pit closures * 1982 * Number * Output in 1981 ( ' 000 tonnes ) Belgium * - * - * Federal Republic of Germany * - * - * - Ruhr * - * - * France * - * - * United Kingdom * * * - Northern * 1 * 377 * - Yorkshire * 1 * 259 * - North-Western * 3 * 642 * - Midlands/Kent * 1 * 73 * Total * 6 * 1 351 * EUR-10 * 6 * 1 351 * TABLE 19 A Listed pre-tax pithead prices for Community coal as at 15 January 1982 , 1 July 1982 and 15 January 1983 National currency ( round figures ) Category * Type * Date * Ruhr DM * Aachen DM * Saar DM * Belgium Bfrs * Nord FF * Lorraine FF * South Wales £ * Scotland £ * South Yorkshire £ * Anthracite * Nuts 3 * 15 . 1 . 1982 * 335,00 * - * - * 6 350 * 955,00 * - * 81,45 * - * - * * 20/30 mm * 1 . 7 . 1982 * 335,00 * - * - * 7 000 * 1 022,00 * - * 80,75 * - * - * * * 15 . 1 . 1983 * 347,00 * - * - * 7 450 * 1 022,00 * - * 88,00 * - * - * Lean coal * Nuts 3 * 15 . 1 . 1982 * - * 342,00 * - * - * - * - * 68,85 * - * - * * 20/30 mm * 1 . 7 . 1982 * - * 351,00 * - * - * - * - * 68,15 * - * - * * * 15 . 1 . 1983 * - * 351,00 * - * - * - * - * 72,50 * - * - * Semi-bituminous * Nuts 4 * 15 . 1 . 1982 * 277,00 * 317,50 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * * 10/20 mm * 1 . 7 . 1982 * 277,00 * 340,00 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * * * 15 . 1 . 1983 * 289,00 * 340,00 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * Long flame * Nuts 2 * 15 . 1 . 1982 * 257,00 * - * 271,00 * 3 775 * - * 503,00 * - * 56,50 * 53,70 * * 30/50 mm * 1 . 7 . 1982 * 257,00 * - * 294,00 * 4 025 * - * 553,00 * - * 56,50 * 53,70 * * * 15 . 1 . 1983 * 269,00 * - * 300,00 * 4 025 * - * 609,00 * - * 60,00 * 58,20 * Long flame * Nuts 5 * 15 . 1 . 1982 * 257,00 * - * - * 3 725 * - * 486,00 ( 2 ) * - * 54,40 * 52,50 * * 6/10 mm * 1 . 7 . 1982 * 257,00 * - * - * 3 975 * - * 542,00 ( 3 ) * - * 54,40 * 52,50 * * * 15 . 1 . 1983 * 269,00 * - * - * 3 975 * - * 603,00 ( 4 ) * - * 59,90 * 56,80 * Coking coal * Medium or * 15 . 1 . 1982 * 244,50 * 259,00 * 267,00 * 3 455 * - * 436,00 * 55,50 * - * - * * high volatile * 1 . 7 . 1982 * 244,50 * 271,50 * 274,00 * 3 655 * - * 565,00 * 55,50 * - * - * * * 15 . 1 . 1983 * 253,50 * 271,50 * 280,00 * 3 850 * - * 565,00 * 59,50 * - * - * Coke * Blast furnace * 15 . 1 . 1982 * 360,00 * 382,00 * 375,00 * 5 300 ( 1 ) * 705,00 * 735,00 * 87,50 * 86,40 * 85,80 * * H.F. > 40 mm * 1 . 7 . 1982 * 360,00 * 387,00 * 375,00 * 5 600 * - * 880,00 * 87,50 * 86,40 * 85,80 * * * 15 . 1 . 1983 * 372,00 * 387,00 * 383,00 * 5 600 * - * 880,00 * 87,50 * 86,40 * 85,80 * ( 1 ) Carcoke . ( 2 ) Power stations : FF 559,00-620,00 . ( 3 ) Power stations : FF 616,00-683,00 . ( 4 ) Power stations : FF 628,00-683,00 . TABLE 19 B Listed pre-tax pithead prices for Community coal as at 15 January 1982 , 1 July 1982 and 15 January 1983 ( round figures ) ( US $ ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ) Category * Type * Date * Ruhr * Aachen * Saar * Belgium * Nord * Lorraine * South Wales * Scotland * South Yorkshire * Lowest price * Highest price * % difference * Anthracite * Nuts 3 * 15 . 1 . 1982 * 150,22 * - * - * 166,97 * 169,03 * - * 157,54 * - * - * 150,22 * 169,03 * 12,5 * * 20/30 mm * 1 . 7 . 1982 * 136,18 * - * - * 148,75 * 148,75 * - * 140,19 * - * - * 136,18 * 149,63 * 9,9 * * * 15 . 1 . 1983 * 146,41 * - * - * 159,56 * 151,86 * - * 142,86 * - * - * 142,86 * 159,56 * 11,7 * Lean coal * Nuts 3 * 15 . 1 . 1982 * - * 153,36 * - * - * - * - * 133,17 * - * - * 133,17 * 153,36 * 15,2 * * 20/30 mm * 1 . 7 . 1982 * - * 142,68 * - * - * - * - * 118,32 * - * - * 118,32 * 142,68 * 20,6 * * * 15 . 1 . 1983 * - * 148,10 * - * - * - * - * 117,69 * - * - * 117,69 * 148,10 * 25,8 * Semi-bituminous * Nuts 4 * 15 . 1 . 1982 * 124,22 * 142,38 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * 124,22 * 142,38 * 14,6 * * 10/20 mm * 1 . 7 . 1982 * 112,60 * 138,21 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * 112,60 * 138,21 * 22,7 * * * 15 . 1 . 1983 * 121,94 * 143,46 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * 121,94 * 143,46 * 17,6 * Long flame * Nuts 2 * 15 . 1 . 1982 * 115,52 * - * 121,52 * 99,26 * - * 89,03 * - * 109,28 * 103,87 * 89,03 * 121,52 * 36,5 * * 30/50 mm * 1 . 7 . 1982 * 104,47 * - * 119,51 * 85,53 * - * 80,77 * - * 98,09 * 93,23 * 80,97 * 119,51 * 47,6 * * * 15 . 1 . 1983 * 113,50 * - * 126,58 * 86,21 * - * 90,49 * - * 97,40 * 94,48 * 86,21 * 126,58 * 46,8 * Long flame * Nuts 5 * 15 . 1 . 1982 * 115,25 * - * - * 97,95 * - * 86,02 ( 3 ) * - * 105,22 * 101,55 * 86,02 * 115,25 * 34,0 * * 6/10 mm * 1 . 7 . 1982 * 104,47 * - * - * 84,47 * - * 79,36 ( 4 ) * - * 94,44 * 91,15 * 79,36 * 104,47 * 31,6 * * * 15 . 1 . 1983 * 113,50 * - * - * 85,14 * - * 89,60 ( 5 ) * - * 97,24 * 92,21 * 85,14 * 113,50 * 33,3 * Coking coal * medium or * 15 . 1 . 1982 * 109,64 * 116,14 * 119,73 * 90,85 * - * 77,17 * 107,35 * - * - * 77,17 * 119,73 * 55,2 * * high volatile * 1 . 7 . 1982 * 99,39 * 110,37 * 111,38 * 77,67 * - * 82,72 * 96,35 * - * - * 77,67 * 111,38 * 43,4 * * * 15 . 1 . 1983 * 106,96 * 114,56 * 118,14 * 82,46 * - * 83,95 * 96,59 * - * - * 82,46 * 118,14 * 43,3 * Coke * Blast furnace * 15 . 1 . 1982 * 161,43 * 171,30 * 168,16 * 139,36 * 124,78 * 130,09 * 169,25 * 167,12 * 165,96 * 124,78 * 171,30 * 37,3 * * H.F. * 1 . 7 . 1982 * 146,34 * 157,32 * 152,44 * 119,00 * - * 128,84 * 151,91 * 150,00 * 148,96 * 119,00 * 157,32 * 32,2 * * > 40 mm * 15 . 1 . 1983 * 156,96 * 163,29 * 161,60 * 119,94 * - * 130,76 * 142,05 * 142,05 * 139,29 * 119,94 * 163,29 * 36,1 * ( 1 ) Dollar exchange rate : * DM * Index * Bfrs * Index * FF * Index * £ * Index * ECU * Index * 4 . 1 . 1982 * 2,23 * 100 * 38,03 * 100 * 5,65 * 100 * 0,517 * 100 * 1,0809 * 100 * 1 . 7 . 1982 * 2,46 * 110 * 47,06 * 124 * 6,83 * 121 * 0,576 * 111 * 0,9589 * 89 * 3 . 1 . 1983 * 2,37 * 106 * 46,69 * 123 * 6,73 * 119 * 0,616 * 119 * 0,9688 * 90 * ( 2 ) Prices are not adjusted for quality differences . ( 3 ) Power stations : 98,94-109,73 $/t . ( 4 ) Power stations : 90,19-100,00 $/t . ( 5 ) Power stations : 93,31-103,57 $/t . TABLE 20 Average cif prices of coal imported from third countries ( US $ ) * First quarter 1981 * Second quarter 1981 * Third quarter 1981 * Fourth quarter 1981 * First quarter 1982 * Second quarter 1982 * Third quarter 1982 * Fourth quarter 1982 * A. Steam coal ( 1 ) * * * * * * * * * per tonne ( t = t ) * 59,9 * 63,5 * 61,15 * 62,8 * 62,0 * 63,1 * 62,1 * 59,0 * per tonne = 29,3 Gj * 68,9 * 72,8 * 70,4 * 72,0 * 70,6 * 71,4 * 69,7 * 66,2 * B. Coking coal ( 2 ) * * * * * * * * * per standard tonne * 75,70 * 80,05 * 84,35 * 86,55 * 82,45 * 82,20 * 81,20 * 79,70 * per tonne = 29,3 Gj * 71,29 * 75,37 * 79,42 * 81,50 * 77,63 * 77,40 * 76,46 * 75,05 * ( 1 ) As per quarterly reports from the Member States ( Decision 77/707/ECSC of 7 november 1977 ) . ( 2 ) Guide price ( Decision 73/287/ECSC of 25 July 1973 ) . Reference date : beginning of quarter . TABLE 21 Coke-oven coke production capacity ( million tonnes ) * Belgium * Federal Republic of Germany * France * Greece * Italy * Netherlands * United Kingdom * EUR-10 * 1981 ( actual ) * * * * * * * * * Colliery plants * - * 21,6 * 5,6 * - * - * - * 3,3 * 30,5 * Iron and steel industry * 6,9 * 8,6 * 6,0 * 0,3 * 9,0 * 2,1 * 7,3 * 39,9 * Independent * 0,1 * - * - * - * 2,5 * 0,7 * 0,5 * 3,8 * Total * 7,0 * 30,2 * 11,6 * 0,3 * 11,5 * 2,8 * 11,1 * 74,2 * ( of which coastal coking plant ) * 1,7 * 0,4 * 4,2 * 0,3 * 11,5 * 2,8 * 7,4 * 28,1 * 1982 ( provisional ) * * * * * * * * * Colliery plants * - * 21,4 * 5,7 * - * - * - * 3,3 * 30,4 * Iron and steel industry * 6,9 * 7,7 * 6,1 * 0,3 * 9,0 * 2,3 * 4,5 * 36,5 * Independent * 0,1 * 0,4 * - * - * 2,5 * 0,7 * 0,5 * 4,2 * Total * 7,0 * 29,5 * 11,8 * 0,3 * 11,5 * 3,0 * 8,3 * 71,1 * ( of which coastal coking plant ) * 1,7 * 0,4 * 4,3 * 0,3 * 11,5 * 3,0 * 5,2 * 29,1 * 1983 ( forecasts ) * * * * * * * * * Colliery plants * - * 21,0 * 5,3 * - * - * - * 3,3 * 29,6 * Iron and steel industry * 6,9 * 7,7 * 6,1 * 0,3 * 9,0 * 2,4 * 5,2 * 37,3 * Independent * 0,1 * 0,4 * - * - * 2,5 * 0,7 * 0,5 * 4,2 * Total * 7,0 * 29,1 * 11,4 * 0,3 * 11,5 * 3,1 * 9,0 * 71,1 * ( of which coastal coking plant ) * 1,7 * 0,4 * 4,3 * 0,3 * 11,5 * 3,1 * 5,9 * 29,1 * TABLE 22 Coking ( '000 tonnes ) * Coal consumption of coke ovens * Production of coke-oven coke * 1 000 tonnes * % difference compared with the previous year * 1981 ( actual ) * * * * Belgium * 7 793 * 6 004 * - 1 * Federal Republic of Germany * 36 218 * 28 160 * - 2 * France * 14 451 * 10 723 * - 4 * Greece * 67 * 45 * - 82 * Italy * 11 087 * 8 071 * - 3 * Netherlands * 3 031 * 2 242 * - 8 * United Kingdom * 12 077 * 9 060 * - 10 * EUR-10 * 84 724 * 64 305 * - 4 * 1982 ( estimates ) * * * * Belgium * 6 800 * 5 197 * - 13 * Federal Republic of Germany * 34 300 * 26 453 * - 6 * France * 13 300 * 9 998 * - 7 * Greece * - * - * - * Italy * 10 100 * 7 414 * - 8 * Netherlands * 3 200 * 2 434 * + 9 * United Kingdom * 12 000 * 8 700 * - 4 * EUR-10 * 79 700 * 60 196 * - 6 * 1983 ( forecasts ) * * * * Belgium * 5 850 * 4 500 * - 13 * Federal Republic of Germany * 30 350 * 23 300 * - 11 * France * 11 700 * 9 000 * - 10 * Greece * - * - * - * Italy * 10 300 * 7 900 * + 6 * Netherlands * 2 500 * 1 800 * - 25 * United Kingdom * 10 400 * 7 300 * - 16 * EUR-10 * 71 100 * 53 800 * - 11 * TABLE 23 Coal supplies to coke ovens ( '000 tonnes ) * National coal * Coal from other ECSC countries * Total ECSC * Coal from third countries * Total supplies * Belgium * * * * * * 1980 * 3 870 * 681 * 4 551 * 3 386 * 7 937 * 1981 * 3 476 * 1 101 * 4 577 * 3 056 * 7 633 * 1982 * 3 075 * 550 * 3 625 * 3 925 * 7 550 * Federal Republic of Germany * * * * * * 1980 * 36 624 * 157 * 36 781 * 435 * 37 216 * 1981 * 36 105 * 157 * 36 262 * 318 * 36 580 * 1982 * 33 790 * 160 * 33 950 * 350 * 34 300 * France * * * * * * 1980 * 4 725 * 3 046 * 7 771 * 6 840 * 14 611 * 1981 * 4 800 * 3 400 * 8 200 6 100 * 14 300 * 1982 * 4 650 * 2 550 * 7 200 * 6 100 * 13 300 * Greece * * * * * * 1980 * - * - * - * 384 * 384 * 1981 * - * - * - * 67 * 67 * 1982 * - * - * - * - * - * Italy * * * * * * 1980 * - * 2 512 * 2 512 * 8 927 * 11 439 * 1981 * - * 2 694 * 2 694 * 8 226 * 10 920 * 1982 * - * 2 000 * 2 000 * 8 100 * 10 100 * Netherlands * * * * * * 1980 * - * 652 * 652 * 2 734 * 3 386 * 1981 * - * 551 * 551 * 2 593 * 3 144 * 1982 * - * 575 * 575 * 2 625 * 3 200 * United Kingdom * * * * * * 1980 * 10 829 * - * 10 829 * 2 428 * 13 257 * 1981 * 9 800 * - * 9 800 * 2 450 * 12 250 * 1982 * 9 490 * - * 9 490 * 2 510 * 12 000 * EUR-10 * * * * * * 1980 * 56 048 * 7 048 * 63 096 * 25 134 * 88 230 * 1981 * 54 181 * 7 903 * 62 084 * 22 810 * 84 894 * 1982 * 51 005 * 5 835 * 56 840 * 23 610 * 80 450 * First forecast for 1983 * * * * * * Belgium * 2 750 * 600 * 3 350 * 2 250 * 5 600 * Federal Republic of Germany * 34 000 * 150 * 34 150 * 400 * 34 550 * France * 2 800 * 2 600 * 5 400 * 6 100 * 11 500 * Greece * - * - * - * - * - * Italy * - * 2 000 * 2 000 * 8 300 * 10 300 * Netherlands * - * 550 * 550 * 1 950 * 2 500 * United Kingdom * 8 600 * - * 8 600 * 1 800 * 10 400 * EUR-10 * 48 150 * 5 900 * 54 050 * 20 800 * 74 850 * TABLE 24 Trend of intra-Community trade in coal * ( '000 tonnes ) To * From * Belgium * Denmark * Federal Republic of Germany * France * Greece * Ireland * Italy * Luxembourg * Netherlands * United Kingdom * EUR-10 * Belgium * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * - * - * 2 284 * 20 * - * - * - * - * 162 * 339 * 2 805 * 1982 * - * - * 1 530 * 35 * - * - * - * - * 70 * 265 * 1 900 * 1983 * - * - * 1 485 * 35 * - * - * - * - * 50 * 250 * 1 820 * Denmark * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * 12 * - * 3 * 2 * - * - * - * - * - * 1 943 * 1 960 * 1982 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * 2 000 * 2 000 * 1983 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * 1 900 * 1 900 * Federal Republic of Germany * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * 521 * - * - * 367 * - * - * - * - * - * 1 868 * 2 756 * 1982 * 410 * - * - * 375 * - * - * - * - * 85 * 1 530 * 2 400 * 1983 * 250 * - * - * 400 * - * - * - * - * 290 * 1 460 * 2 400 * France * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * 60 * - * 4 553 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 2 758 * 7 371 * 1982 * 90 * - * 4 000 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 1 750 * 5 840 * 1983 * 55 * - * 3 735 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 1 710 * 5 500 * Greece * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * 1982 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 20 * - * - * - * 20 * 1983 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 20 * - * - * - * 20 * Ireland * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * - * - * 31 * 7 * - * - * - * - * 23 * 443 * 504 * 1982 * - * - * 40 * 10 * - * - * - * - * 25 * 400 * 475 * 1983 * - * - * 35 * 5 * - * - * - * - * 20 * 460 * 520 * Italy * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * - * - * 2 646 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 48 * 2 694 * 1982 * 5 * - * 2 000 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 30 * 2 035 * 1983 * 10 * - * 1 970 * 20 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 2 000 * Luxembourg * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * - * - * 12 * 2 * - * - * - * - * 4 * 55 * 73 * 1982 * - * - * 15 * - * - * - * - * - * 10 * 35 * 60 * 1983 * - * - * 15 * - * - * - * - * - * 10 * 35 * 60 * Netherlands * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * 86 * - * 1 012 * 1 * - * 6 * 13 * - * - * 442 * 1 560 * 1982 * 75 * - * 1 050 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 400 * 1 525 * 1983 * 35 * - * 865 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 500 * 1 400 * United Kingdom * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * 5 * - * 131 * 1 * - * 2 * - * - * - * - * 144 * 1982 * 10 * - * 285 * - * - * 5 * - * - * - * - * 300 * 1983 * - * - * 195 * - * - * 5 * - * - * - * - * 200 * EUR-10 * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * 684 * - * 10 672 400 * - * 8 * 13 * - * 194 * 7 896 * 19 867 * 1982 * 590 * - * 8 920 * 420 * - * 5 * 20 * - * 190 * 6 410 * 16 555 * 1983 * 350 * - * 8 300 * 460 * - * 5 * 20 * - * 370 * 6 315 * 15 820 * Note : 1981 : actual . 1982 : estimates . 1983 : forecasts . TABLE 25 Trend of intra-Community trade in coke ( '000 tonnes ) To * From * Belgium * Denmark * Federal Republic of Germany * France * Greece * Ireland * Italy * Luxembourg * Netherlands * United Kingdom * EUR-10 * Belgium * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * - * - * 729 * 30 * - * - * - * - * 209 * 100 * 1 068 * 1982 * - * - * 125 * 20 * - * - * - * - * 200 * 75 * 420 * 1983 * - * - * 100 * 20 * - * - * - * - * 225 * 75 * 420 * Denmark * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * 7 * - * 16 * 30 * - * - * - * - * 3 * 15 * 71 * 1982 * 5 * - * 15 * 30 * - * - * - * - * 5 * 15 * 70 * 1983 * 5 * - * 20 * 30 * - * - * - * - * 5 * 10 * 70 * Federal Republic of Germany * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * 103 * 1 * - * 309 * - * - * - * - * 174 * 229 * 816 * 1982 * 110 * - * - * 310 * - * - * - * - * 170 * 240 * 830 * 1983 * 80 * - * - * 370 * - * - * - * - * 200 * 200 * 850 * France * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * 328 * - * 1 768 * - * - * - * 17 * - * 145 * 6 * 2 264 * 1982 * 270 * - * 1 375 * - * - * - * - * - * 165 * - * 1 810 * 1983 * 300 * - * 1 395 * - * - * - * - * - * 150 * - * 1 845 * Greece * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * - * - * 7 * 3 * - * - * 8 * - * - * 6 * 24 * 1982 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 20 * - * - * - * 20 * 1983 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 20 * - * - * - * 20 * Ireland * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * 4 * - * 1 * 1 * - * - * - * - * - * 2 * 8 * 1982 * 3 * - * 2 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 2 * 7 * 1983 * 5 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * 2 * 7 * Italy * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * - * - * 30 * 70 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 100 * 1982 * - * - 30 * 30 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 60 * 1983 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * Luxembourg * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * 8 * - * 1 746 * 3 * - * - * - * - * - * 8 * 1 765 * 1982 * 10 * - * 1 592 * 10 * - * - * - * - * - * 45 * 1 657 * 1983 * 10 * - * 1 580 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 50 * 1 640 * Netherlands * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * 30 * - * 692 * 5 * - * - * 1 * - * - * 76 * 804 * 1982 * 20 * - * 522 * 5 * - * - * - * - * - * 123 * 670 * 1983 * 25 * - * 825 * - * - * - * - * - * - * 150 * 1 000 * United Kingdom * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * 19 * - * 1 * 5 * - * 1 * - * - * - * - * 26 * 1982 * 18 * - * - * 5 * - * 2 * - * - * - * - * 25 * 1983 * 25 * - * - * - * - * 2 * - * - * - * - * 27 * EUR-10 * * * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * 499 * 1 * 4 990 * 456 * - * 1 * 26 * - * 531 * 442 * 6 946 * 1982 * 436 * - * 3 661 * 410 * - * 2 * 20 * - * 540 * 500 * 5 569 * 1983 * 450 * - * 3 920 * 420 * - * 2 * 20 * - * 580 * 487 * 5 879 * Note : 1981 : actual . 1982 : estimates . 1983 : forecasts . TABLE 26 Imports of coal from third countries ( million tonnes ) * 1981 Actual * 1982 Estimates * 1983 Forecasts * A . By country of destination * * * * Belgium * 7,2 * 8,5 * 5,6 * Denmark * 8,7 * 7,6 * 7,3 * Federal Republic of Germany * 8,1 * 8,6 * 8,6 * France * 20,1 * 17,4 * 20,5 ( 1 ) * Greece * 0,3 * 0,6 * 0,9 * Ireland * 0,8 * 0,7 * 0,9 * Italy * 16,2 * 16,3 * 18,0 * Luxembourg * 0,2 * 0,2 * 0,2 * Netherlands * 5,4 * 7,0 * 6,6 * United Kingdom * 4,2 * 3,6 * 2,3 * EUR-10 * 71,2 * 70,5 * 70,9 * B . By country of origin * * * * USA * 36,4 * 35,8 * 33,2 * Canada * 1,4 * 1,3 * 1,3 * Australia * 7,6 * 6,8 * 8,2 * South Africa * 19,1 * 17,4 * 16,9 * Poland * 4,2 * 8,0 * 9,5 * USSR * 0,7 * 0,3 * 0,9 * Other * 1,8 * 0,9 * 0,9 * Total * 71,2 * 70,5 * 70,9 * C . By sector of consumption * * * * Steam coal * 43,5 * 42,0 * 45,0 * Coking coal * 23,2 * 24,0 * 21,2 * Others * 4,5 * 4,5 * 4,7 * Total * 71,2 * 70,5 * 70,9 * ( 1 ) This figure could be revised downwards during the year . TABLE 27 A Imports of coal from third countries in 1983 ( provisional ) ( '000 tonnes ) Member State * USA * Canada * Australia * South Africa * Poland * USSR * Others * Total * Belgium * 2 575 * - * 560 * 2 000 * 300 * 70 * 125 * 5 630 * Denmark * 2 200 * 400 * 200 * 3 000 * 900 * 600 * - * 7 300 * Federal Republic of Germany * 3 100 * 800 * 400 * 2 300 * 1 800 * 20 * 180 * 8 600 * France * 8 900 * - * 2 850 * 5 900 * 2 450 * 150 * 50 * 20 300 * Greece * 820 * - * - * - * 30 * 10 * 20 * 880 * Ireland * 480 * - * - * 10 * 400 * - * 5 * 895 * Italy * 10 100 * - * 1 800 * 3 500 * 2 500 * - * 100 * 18 000 * Luxembourg * 60 * - * - * 150 * - * 5 * - * 215 * Netherlands * 4 000 * 100 * 1 200 * - * 850 * - * 400 * 6 550 * United Kingdom * 800 * - * 1 150 * 50 * 300 * - * - * 2 300 * EUR-10 * 33 035 * 1 300 * 8 160 * 16 910 * 9 530 * 855 * 880 * 70 670 * TABLE 27 B Exports to third countries ( '000 tonnes ) * 1981 Actual * 1982 Estimates * 1983 Forecasts * A . Coal * * * * Belgium * 74 * 80 * 100 * Federal Republic of Germany * 1 396 * 940 * 1100 * France * 285 * 300 * 310 * Netherlands * - * 150 * 100 * United Kingdom * 1 885 * 1 300 * 1 815 * Total * 3 640 * 2 770 * 3 425 * B . Coke * * * * Belgium * 342 * 164 * 50 * Denmark * 37 * 55 * 50 * Federal Republic of Germany * 1 218 * 909 * 1 100 * France * 473 * 360 * 380 * Ireland * 2 * - * - * Italy * 700 * 540 * 515 * Netherlands * 150 * 100 * 100 * United Kingdom * 1 000 * 1 000 * 713 * Total * 3 922 * 3 128 * 2 908 * TABLE 28 A Producers' stocks of coal and coke ( ' 000 tonnes ) * 1981 Actual * 1982 Provisional * ' 000 tonnes * Number of calendar days covered * 1983 Forecasts * Difference * 1982/1981 * 1983/1982 * I . Coal * * * * * * * Belgium * 192 * 450 ( 2 ) * 25 * 870 * + 258 * + 420 * Federal Republic of Germany ( 1 ) * 8 507 * 14 070 * 53 * 14 620 * + 5 563 * + 550 * France * 7 395 * 5 500 * 118 * 5 500 * - 1 895 * - * Ireland * 30 * 30 * 180 * 30 * - * - * United Kingdom * 22 682 * 21 880 * 65 * 27 990 * - 802 * + 6 050 * EUR-10 * 38 806 * 41 930 * 64 * 49 010 * - 3 124 * + 7 020 * II . Coke * * * * * * * Belgium * 138 * 160 * 11 * 85 * + 22 + - 75 * Federal Republic of Germany ( 1 ) * 4 075 * 8 190 * 112 * 8 570 * + 4 115 * + 380 * France * 705 * 800 * - * 1 100 * + 95 * + 300 * Greece * 31 * 50 * - * 50 * + 19 * - * Italy * 572 * 600 * 29 * 600 * + 28 * - * Netherlands * 21 * 80 * 14 * 80 * + 59 * - * United Kingdom * 2 103 * 1 400 * 60 * 800 * - 703 * - 600 * EUR-10 * 7 645 * 11 280 * 67 * 11 280 * + 3 635 * - * ( 1 ) Excluding the national reserve of 7 231 coal and 2 977 coke . ( 2 ) Including stocks ( 736 ) af screening and mixing installations . TABLE 28 B Stocks of coal at power stations * ( ' 000 tonnes ) Member State * 1981 Actual * 1982 Estimates * 1983 Forecasts * Movement 1982/1981 * Movement 1983/1982 * Belgium * 830 * 830 * 830 * - * - * Denmark * 6 216 * 6 400 * 6 400 * + 184 * - * Federal Republic of Germany * 12 653 * 13 000 * 13 500 * + 347 * + 500 * France * 6 060 * 3 500 * 3 500 * - 2 560 * - * Italy * 1 009 * 1 500 * 1 800 * + 491 * + 300 * Netherlands * 783 * 750 * 750 * - 33 * - * United Kingdom * 18 264 * 28 000 * 28 000 * + 9 736 * - * EUR-10 * 45 815 * 53 980 * 54 780 * + 8 165 * + 800 * TABLE 29 A Estimate of total stocks af hard coal held by producers and consumers , and in ports and / or central depots in the Community ( Situation at the end of 1982 ) ( ' 000 tonnes ) Member State * Producers' stocks * Total colliery stocks * Of which low-grade products * At power stations * At Coke ovens * In ports , central depots and other * Total * Belgium * 450 * ( 100 ) * 830 * 800 * 2 850 ( 1 ) * 4 930 * Denmark * - * - * 6 400 * - * 225 * 6 625 * Federal Republic of Germany * 14 070 * ( 3 700 ) * 13 000 * 200 * 8 450 ( 2 ) * 35 720 * France * 5 500 * ( 2 950 ) * 3 500 * 1 000 * 2 090 ( 3 ) * 12 090 * Greece * - * - * - * - * 200 ( 4 ) * 200 * Ireland * 30 * - * - * - * 280 * 310 * Italy * - * - * 1 500 * 300 * 50 * 1 850 * Luxembourg * - * - * - * - * 30 * 30 * Netherlands * - * - * 750 * 535 * 1 600 * 2 885 * United Kingdom * 21 880 * n.a. * 28 000 * 2 400 * - * 52 280 * EUR-10 * 41 930 * * 53 980 * 5 235 * 15 775 * 116 920 * n.a. = not available . ( 1 ) Of which 650 belong to another country . ( 2 ) Of which 7 231 = national reserve . ( 3 ) Of which 1 200 belong to EDF . ( 4 ) Unspecified location . TABLE 29 B Estimate of total stocks of coke held by producers and consumers , and in ports and / or central depots in the Community ( Situation at the end of 1982 ) ( ' 000 tonnes ) Member State * Producers * Steelworks * Other * Total * Belgium * 160 * - * 5 * 165 * Denmark * - * - * 30 * 30 * Federal Republic of Germany * 8 190 ( 1) * 300 * 3 222 ( 2 ) * 11 712 * France * 800 * - * - * 800 * Greece * 50 * - * 70 ( 3 ) * 120 * Ireland * - * - * - * - * Italy * 600 * - * - * 600 * Luxembourg * - * 90 * - * 90 * Netherlands * 80 * 170 * - * 250 * United Kingdom * 1 400 * 700 * - * 2 100 * EUR-10 * 11 280 * 1 260 * 3 327 * 15 867 * ( 1 ) Of which 7 231 = national reserve . ( 2 ) Of which 2 977 = national reserve . ( 3 ) Of which 1 200 belong to EDF . TABLE 30 Estimate of total stocks of hard coal and coke ( expressed as coal equivalent ) held by producers and consumers , and in ports and / or central depots in the Community ( Situation at the end of 1982 ) ( million tonnes ) Member State * Hard coal * Coke ( × 1,3 ) * Total * Estimate of consumption in 1983 * Number of calendar days covered * Belgium * 4,9 * 0,2 * 5,1 * 15,2 * 120 * Denmark * 6,6 * - * 6,6 * 9,2 * 260 * Federal Republic of Germany * 35,7 * 15,3 * 51,0 * 95,1 * 195 * France * 12,1 * 1,0 * 13,1 * 43,5 * 110 * Greece * 0,2 * 0,2 * 0,4 * 0,9 * 140 * Ireland * 0,3 * - * 0,3 * 1,4 * 75 * Italy * 1,9 * 0,8 * 2,7 * 19,7 * 50 * Luxembourg * - * 0,1 * 0,1 * 0,3 * - * Netherlands * 2,9 * 0,3 * 3,2 * 7,5 * 155 * United Kingdom * 52,3 * 2,7 * 55,0 * 113,3 * 177 * EUR-10 * 116,9 * 20,6 * 137,5 * 306,1 * 164 * TABLE 31 Coal balance sheet for 1983 ( ' 000 tonnes ) * Belgium * Denmark * Federal Republic of Germany * France * Greece * Ireland * Italy * Luxembourg * Netherlands * United Kingdom * EUR-10 * 1 . Production ( t = t ) * 6 490 * - * 89 000 ( 1 ) * 17 000 * - * 85 * - * - * - * 122 500 * 235 075 * 2 . Recoveries * 2 900 * - * 500 * 1 450 * - * - * - * - * * - * 2 000 * 5 850 * 3 . Arrivals from ECSC countries * 1 820 * 1 900 * 2 400 * 5 500 * 20 * 520 * 2 000 * 60 * 1 400 * 200 * ( 15 840 ) * 4 . Imports from non-member countries * 5 630 * 7 300 * 8 600 * 20 500 * 880 * 895 * 18 000 * 215 * 6 550 * 2 300 * 70 870 * 5 . Availabilities ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 ) * 15 840 * 9 200 * 100 500 * 44 450 * 900 * 1 500 * 20 000 * 275 * 7 950 * 127 000 * 311 795 * 6 . Internal deliveries * * * * * * * * * * * * ( a ) colliery power stations * 350 * - 3 000 * 6 900 * - * 30 * - * - * - * 50 * 10 330 * ( b ) public power stations * 6 250 * 8 200 * 44 100 ( 2 ) * 17 000 * - * - * 7 500 * - * 4 400 * 83 000 ( 3 ) * 170 450 * ( c ) coke ovens * 5 600 * - * 30 450 * 11 700 * - * - * 10 300 * - * 2 500 * 10 400 * 70 950 * ( d ) steel industry * 35 * - * 1 100 * 950 * 75 * - * - * 130 * - * 200 * 2 390 * ( of which power stations ) * - * - * ( 800 ) * ( 100 ) * - * - * - * - * - * ( 100 ) * ( 1 000 ) * ( e ) other industries * 1 450 * 600 * 8 300 * 4 000 * 820 * 310 * 2 000 * 140 * 480 * 7 500 * 25 600 * ( of which power stations ) * - * - * ( 4 200 ) * - * - * - * - * - * - * ( 2 200 ) * ( 6 400 ) * ( f ) domestic sector * 1 225 * 250 * 1 000 * 1 700 * 5 * 1 110 * 150 * 5 * 100 * 6 600 * 12 145 * ( g ) miscellaneous ( total ) * 60 * 150 * 2 700 * 1 430 * * - * - * - * - * - * 5 070 * 9 410 * of which : * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 . issues to workers * ( 17 ) * - * ( 180 ) * ( 30 ) * - * - * - * - * - * ( 1 600 ) * ( 1 827 ) * 2 . patent fuel * ( 37 ) * - * ( 1 200 ) * ( 1 200 ) * - * - * - * - * - * ( 1 100 ) * ( 3 537 ) * 3 . own consumption * ( 5 ) * - * ( 320 ) * ( 200 ) * - * - * - * - * - * ( 550 ) * ( 1 075 ) * 4 . gasworks * ( - ) * ( 95 ) * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * (20 ) ( 4 ) * ( 115 ) * 5 . railways * ( 1 ) * - * ( 100 ) * - * - * - * - * - * - * ( 50 ) * ( 151 ) * 6 . other * ( - ) * ( 55 ) * ( 900 ) * - * - * - * - * - * - * ( 1 750 ) * ( 2 705 ) * 7 . Total internal deliveries ( 6 ) * 14 970 * 9 200 * 90 550 * 43 680 * 900 * 1 450 * 19 950 * 275 * 7 480 * 112 820 * 301 275 * 8 . Deliveries to ECSC countries * 350 * - * 8 300 * 460 * - * 5 * 20 * - * 370 * 6 315 * ( 15 820 ) * 9 . Exports to non-member countries * 100 * - * 1 100 * 310 * - * - * - * - * 100 * 1 815 * 3 425 * 10 . Total deliveries ( 7 + 8 + 9 ) * 15 420 * 9 200 * 99 950 * 44 450 * 900 * 1 455 * 19 970 * 275 * 7 950 * 120 950 * 304 700 * 11 . Movement of producers' and importers' stocks ( 5 - 10 ) * + 420 * - * + 550 * - * - * + 45 * + 30 * - * - * + 6 050 * + 7 095 * ( 1 ) National statistics : 83 500 . ( 2 ) Includes Bergbauverbund Kraftwerke . ( 3 ) Deliveries between 78 000 und 88 000 . ( 4 ) Gasification . NB : Details for lines 3 and 8 are given in Table 24 . TABLE 32 Coke balance sheet for 1983 ( ' 000 tonnes ) * Belgium * Denmark * Federal Republic of Germany * France * Greece * Ireland * Italy * Luxembourg * Netherlands * United Kingdom * EUR-10 * 1 . Production * * * * * * * * * * * * - coke-oven coke * 4 500 * - * 23 300 * 9 000 * - * - * 7 900 * - 1 800 * 7 300 * 53 800 * - gas coke * - * 70 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - 70 * Total * 4 500 * 70 * 23 300 * 9 000 * - * - * 7 900 * - * 1 800 * 7 300 * 53 870 * 2 . Receipts from ECSC countries * 420 * 70 * 850 * 1 845 * 20 * 7 * - * 1 640 * 1 000 * 27 * ( 5 879 ) * 3 . Imports from third countries * 80 * - * 150 * 55 * 180 * - * - * 52 * - * 373 * 890 * 4 . Availabilities ( 1 + 2 + 3 ) * 5 000 * 140 * 24 300 * 10 900 * 200 * 7 * 7 900 * 1 692 * 2 800 * 7 700 * 54 760 * 5 . Inland deliveries * * * * * * * * * * * * ( a ) steel industry * 4 300 * 15 * 15 700 * 8 600 * 30 * 5 * 6 235 * 1 685 * 1 775 * 4 500 * 42 845 * ( b ) other industries * 235 * 15 * 1 300 * 900 * 150 * - * 900 * - * 330 * 300 * 4 130 * ( c ) domestic sector * 30 * 50 * 700 * 150 * 20 * - * 140 * 7 * 15 * 1 500 * 2 612 * ( d ) miscellaneous * 10 * 10 * 1 200 * 150 * - * - * 90 * - * - * 800 * 2 260 * of which : * * * * * * * * * * * * - issues to workers * ( 8 ) * - * ( 600 ) * - * - * - * - * - * - * ( 300 ) * ( 908 ) * - own consumption * ( 2 ) * ( 10 ) * ( 320 ) * ( 150 ) * - * - * ( 90 ) * - * - * ( 100 ) * ( 672 ) * - other * - * - * ( 280 ) * - * - * - * - * - * - * ( 400 ) * ( 680 ) * 6 . Total inland deliveries ( 5 ) * 4 575 * 90 * 18 900 * 9 800 * 200 * 5 * 7 365 * 1 692 * 2 120 * 7 100 * 51 847 * 7 . Deliveries to ECSC countries * 450 * - * 3 920 * 420 * - * 2 * 20 * - * 580 * 487 * ( 5 879 ) * 8 . Exports to third countries * 50 * 50 * 1 100 * 380 * - * - * 515 * - * 100 * 718 * 2 913 * 9 . Total deliveries ( 6 + 7 + 8 ) * 5 075 * 140 * 23 920 * 10 600 * 200 * 7 * 7 900 * 1 692 * 2 800 * 8 305 * 54 760 * 10 . Stock movements at production and import ( 4 - 9 ) * - 75 * - * + 380 * + 300 * - * - * - * - * - * - 605 * - * NB : Lines 2 and 7 are amplified in Table 25 . TABLE 33 Brown coal and peat balance sheet for 1983 * Belgium * Denmark * Federal Republic of Germany * France * Greece * Ireland * Italy * Luxembourg * Netherlands * United Kingdom * EUR-10 * A . Raw product * * * * * * * * * * * * - availabilities * * * * * * * * * * * * production * - * - * 131 000 * 2 950 ( 4 ) * 32 500 * 3 500 * 2 100 * - * - * - * 172 050 * imports * - * - * 2 300 ( 1 ) * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * 2 300 * Total * - * - * 133 300 * 2 950 * 32 500 * 3 500 * 2 100 * - * - * - * 174 350 * - utilization * * * * * * * * * * * * briquetting plants * - * - * 16 400 * - * 500 * 600 * - * - * - * - * 17 500 * power stations * - * - * 114 500 ( 2 ) * 2 900 ( 5 ) * 30 400 * 2 600 * 2 000 * - * - * - * 152 400 * other * - * - * 2 400 ( 3 ) * 50 ( 6 ) * 1 600 * 300 * 100 * - * - * - * 4 450 * stock movements * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * B . Briquettes * * * * * * * * * * * * - availabilities * * * * * * * * * * * * production * - * - * 6 000 ( 7 ) * - * 200 * 300 * - * - * - * - * 6 500 * arrivals from ECSC countries * 140 * - * - * 140 * - - * 50 * 55 * - * - * ( 385 ) * imports from non-member countries * 10 * - * 1 000 * - * - * - * 5 * - * - * - * 1 015 * Total * 150 * - * 7 000 * 140 * 200 * 300 * 55 * 55 * - * - * 7 515 * - utilization * * * * * * * * * * * * power stations * - * - * 1 000 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * 1 000 * industry * 100 * - * 2 415 ( 8 ) * - * 125 - * - * 5 * - * - * 2 645 * domestic * 50 * - * 3 000 * 140 * 75 * 300 * 55 * 50 * - * - * 3 670 * shipments to other ECSC countries * - * - * 385 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * ( 385 ) * exports to non-member countries * - * - * 200 * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * 200 * ( 1 ) Of which 2 300 black lignite . ( 2 ) Of which 2 200 black lignite . ( 3 ) Of which 100 black lignite . ( 4 ) Of which 1 650 black lignite . ( 5 ) Of which 1 600 black lignite . ( 6 ) Of which 50 black lignite . ( 7 ) Includes about 2 000 in brown coal fines . ( 8 ) Includes about 200 brown coal fines shipped to industries in other Community countries .