++++

( 1 ) OJ No C 159 , 5 . 7 . 1978 .

( 2 ) A brief summary of the results of the research projects can be found in the following booklets :

_ Dust control in mines ( Research progress report in the fields of medicine , safety and health at work as at 1 January 1967 ) , Luxembourg 1967 , Brochure 4194/2/67/1 ;

_ Dust control in mines , Mine climate ( Research progress report as at 1 January 1968 ) , Luxembourg 1968 , Brochure 3890/2/66/1 ;

_ Dust control in mines ( Synthesis report on research in the 2nd programme 1964-1970 ) , Luxembourg 1972 , Brochure EUR 4851 ;

_ Health in Mines , ( Synthesis report on research in the third programme 1971-1976 , 1978 ) Brochure EUR 5931 ,

published at the end of each period of research . For the fourth programme , a similar booklet is being compiled and will be published in 1983 .

FIFTH RESEARCH PROGRAMME " INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE IN MINES "

I . INTRODUCTION

The fourth " Industrial hygiene in mines " research programme started in 1978 and the last projects to be supported are due to be completed in 1983 . The Commission of the European Communities allocated to the programme a total credit of 7 million ECU over a period of five years ( 1 ) .

Since 1957 , a total of 19 900 000 ECU , spread over four successive multi-annual programmes , has been granted in financial aid for projects relating to health in mines , specifically including dust control , control of noxicus gases , improvement of climate and a number of problems related to noise reduction , or improvements to visibility in underground workings .

The funds in the fourth programme made it possible to grant financial aid to 52 research projects , several of which were established on a Community basis , i.e . several institutes worked together to complete a project relating to a previously decided topic ( 2 ) .

II . PREVIOUS RESEARCH

If an analysis is made of the work carried out under the fourth research programme , which has just ended , it can be seen that 58,6 % of the financial contribution was allocated to dust control , ( 45,3 % during winning and 13,3 % outside winning ) , 26 % to research relating to environmental factors and epidemiology , 10,9 % to questions on monitoring the environment ( measurements and measurement techniques ) and 4,4 % to problems of health in iron ore mines .

This breakdown highlights the decidedly practical slant given to the programme .

1 . Technical methods of environmental control

Developments in coal mining techniques and machinery , mainly in the form of intensive concetration of mining operations , accompanied by increased unit output and intensified utilization of existing machinery , have inevitably increased the demands made on the technical methods of environmental control . In some coal mining areas , this development was combined with the problems of mining seams at greater depths , with the associated deterioration in ventilation conditions and the need for better ventilation of workplaces . This in fact affects all parts of the mine and in particular all the sources of dust and environmental pollution in the mine .

Active dust control methods mainly related to winning areas and roadway drivage , where means were sought of adapting methods to working requirements and exploiting the equipment available .

Improvements in water infusion techniques and in the design of winning tools and transfer points were also the subject of several projects . Particular efforts were made to fit shearers with drums and picks which would produce only the minimum quantities of fine cuttings and to improve the cutting process by selecting the optimum drum rotation speed and speed of advance .

Water infusion research was continued . Efforts were made to apply this technique from a point situated outside the winning area . Further technical progress was made with regard to techniques and equipment for longwall infusion . Remote pre-infusion proved its effectiveness . There are still problems in applying the infusion method in advance workings , since no technically satisfactory way has been found of combining winning and infusion processes , given the advances made and the shortage of time .

No satisfactory solution has yet been found for dust control at shearers , mainly because the equipment is too bulky . Emphasis was laid on perfecting wet dust control techniques , using concentrated water jets and sprays .

Water supply regulation was improved by new pump design and increasing operating pressures . The problems of automated cleaning of the filters and jets during winning was also examined .

Since the moisture content limits of run-of-mine coal cannot be hoosted indefinitely , a method has to be developed of relating spraying to output , with a view to making the best possible use of water spraying .

The same observations applies to spraying in plough faces and transport roadways .

A high-frequency electronic transmitter / receiver apparatus for controlling ploughing was successfully integrated into the spraying control systems .

In the field of mineral transportation , research has been carried out into face / roadway transfer points . The most important requirement with regard to belt conveyors is to find a suitable cladding for the transfer points to cope with continuous materials flow . The ideal solution would be to find a spraying technique geared to the loading and the quantities conveyed .

A great deal of research was carried out into controlling dust in the area of powered supports . Neither the recommended spraying systems nor the de-dusting methods have up to now produced solutions which could be put into general practice .

A new method of dust control in winning areas , known as the dust stream separation techniques , was examined . This offers the possibility of reducing workplace dust levels at the face and de-dusting the air at the end of the face , by channelling airborne dust in the conveying and winning areas . The cleaned air from the dust collector is eminently suitable for the ventilation of the in-line heading area and prevents dust settling in the gateroads . Tests should be continued both underground and on models .

Dust removal equipment has made it possible to reduce dust concentrations around in-seam drivage machines . However , the dust removal units still have the drawback of being too bulky . Intensive research was carried out on filtering material with a view to optimizing airflow and cleaning . Working conditions ( as influenced by dust , noise and temperature ) have been improved on independent machines such as jumbos and continuous miners by the construction of pressurized cabins ventilated by filtered air .

More compact dust collectors with a higher separation capacity are required for dedusting on mobile machines and apparatus in the gateroad areas , in inclined drifts , at crushers and at transfer points .

Trials using cooled water for dust suppression were also carried out in order to reduce the concentration of respirable dust and improve the climate , and they have proved very promising .

Reference should also be made to a Community research project aimed assessing the effectiveness of additives . The use of additives , whilst having been the subject of intensive research , has not to date produced any conclusive results for wet dust control .

2 . Monitoring of the environment

Under a major Community research project on the methods and apparatus for measuring dust used in the various Member States , it proved possible to find a basis for the comparative interpretation of dust measurement values . In addition , extremely useful pointers were obtained from this work relating to the classification of workings by dust level . They showed that present classification standards provided very similar workforce protection in all Member States .

For biological reasons , devices for determining the particle-size distribution in airborne dust ( multi-stage impactors ) were developed and tested .

Further development of optical dust-measuring devices giving an immediate reading led to the design of a hand-held instrument . By linking this to a chart recorder , curves for variations in concentrations over a given period can be logged . This device is designed to be able to give direct readings for averages calculated over long periods . In this way it will be able to supplement data provided by gravimetric measuring apparatus .

Along the same lines , the integrated recording devices , Simslin II and TM digital , enderwent long-term trials underground in Community mines and this helped to improve practical knowledge of their potential .

Further work was done on ways of reducing the time devoted to routine measurement of respirable dust concentrations .

3 . Environmental factors and health

The large-scale Community research project carried out in four Member States has been completed and provided a large quantity of data on the determination of the fibrogenic properties of the components of mine dust . To recapitulate : a selected set of workings ( six in each country , five in the United Kingdom ) provided samples of dust actually released and collected , rather than of crushed or deposited dusts . These dusts , analysed using agreed methods , yielded information on their properties and mineral composition . Cytotoxicity tests were carried out and the tissue lesions examined . It now remains to complete the statistical analysis intended to establish the correlation between the results of the survey and epidemiology per se . This project ought to help to ensure a high level of effectiveness for measures for the prevention of pneumoconiosis by implementing new techniques and reorganizing work .

At present , all Member States assess dust exposure from values of gravimetric measurements . In this way , the overall degree of risk can be estimated in terms of epidemiological criteria , i.e . , the limit values for dust concentrations , their mineral content and their relation to the length of exposure . The actiology of pneumoconiosis does however vary from one individual and one region to another and no satisfactory explanation has yet been found for this phenomenon . This Community research project should help to fill these gaps in our knowledge .

Note should also be taken of the work on the ralationship between chronic bronchitis and dust levels and on an analysis of the role played by shotfiring fumes and exhaust gases from diesel engines , even though in mines in general the concentrations of these pollutants are generally well below the harmful threshold levels .

A number of studies on noise in specific locations in the mines have been undertaken in order to supplement the long-standing ergonomic research work .

III . THE PROGRAMME

1 . General

The improvement in miners' health in recent years is certainly the outcome of determined efforts at dust control , for which the various Community research programmes have been milestones . It would however be foolhardy to assert that the health situation in mines has now reached a satisfactory level . There has definitely been a fall-off in endemic pneumoniosis , but it is still a major concern for occupational health .

Watchful and constant action is required in all places , with a heavy bias on mining practice . The programme should adapt to the new situations occurring in the mining industry , such as the mining of coal seams at greater depths , automated winning and shearer drums cutting into rocky formations , widespread use of powered supports , use of crushers , mechanized roadway drivage etc .

The programme will be all the more effective if , drawing on past experience , the research work is coordinated at Community level .

The fact is that all the mining areas are faced with very similar situations , and in conjunction with research , exchanges of experience help to encourage technical progress .

Dust control is still the main objective of the programme and , as in the past , will continue to absorb the major part of the research effort . The endemic diseases are now being influenced by new problems which are themselves caused by technological developments . However , the programme also covers the control of airborne pollutants in mines , particularly those from shotfiring and diesel exhaust fumes .

A number of problems related to noise reduction in underground workings could be examined during this programme , without allowing them to encroach on the problems of dust control .

A serious endeavour should be made to integrate de-dusting systems into machinery at the design stage and , more generally , to take account of all health factors ( dust , climate , noise ) .

In presenting the research topics , the normal breakdown has been adhered to : dust control and mine pollutants , dust measurements and determination of dust characteristics , pneumoconiosis and environmental factors , miscellaneous problems . This breakdown permits comparison with activities in previous programmes by highlighting the consistent and on-going nature of the work undertaken . It incorporates both pollutant control activities , techniques which help to provide factual insight into pollutants and epidemiological work which will guide general health protection policy .

2 . Control of pollutants

The methods which will be the topic of these dust research projects naturally relate to underground working ( longwall , room and pillar , horizontal slicing , steep seams , bunker working , etc . ) but the actual methods used for mining workings are often dissimilar since they have to take account of the specific characteristics of the deposit . In particularly difficult working conditions special control methods have to be found .

Important factors in research are the reliability of de-dusting equipment and the acceptability of methods to the workplace . Similarly , account must be taken of the interaction between dust control techniques and techniques for the control of other environmental factors , i.e . firedamp emission , heat and moisture levels , together with noise related to hazard prevention ( e.g . fans used underground ) .

The fields selected for the programme are as follows .

1 . Modifications to winning machines and their operating methods in order to reduce dust make .

2 . Improvements to wet dust removal techniques , including methods for regulating water flow . This work absolutely must take account of the specific characteristics of the various types of machinery , since shearers and ploughs raise special difficulties .

As a corollary to this , ways should be sought of achieving the same or greater efficiency with smaller water quantities since excess moisture can cause problems , both in preparation plants and in the mine atmosphere itself . The use of cooled water for dust removal offers advantages for improving working conditions which need to be clarified .

3 . Research into the possible ways of developing and applying de-dusting techniques , i.e . the production and testing of instruments and equipment for the collection and precipitation of airborne dust in the dust collectors .

The more widespread use of these techniques will depend on further development of the separation and cleaning methods used in the dust collectors , in order to reduce the size of the equipment whilst increasing the volumes of air to be cleaned . These improvements are particularly important if this de-dusting method is to be applied to mobile machines in winning or roadway drivage areas or very close to such areas , in stable holes for example . More compact equipment must also be developed for de-dusting greater volumes of air in the face area , e.g . for separating streams of airborne dust .

The research should cover both wet and dry separation and collection systems . A particularly promising type of dust collection system consists of water-driven collection tubes built into shearers and the possible effects of this type of system on firedamp contents should also be borne in mind .

Work could also be done on adapting operators' positions on winning machines or roadheaders , for example by providing fresh air ventilation .

On a more general note , miners could be better protected by using remote controls and monitoring systems to keep machinery at a distance .

4 . Water infusion systems need to be improved .

5 . Continuation of research into ways of separating the air flows , using both aerodynamic and physical means , along the machine and walking tracks at the face , in order to reduce face-worker exposure to dust . These techniques must be applied in conjunction with cleaning of air at the return end of the face .

6 . Continued research into dust level problems related to powered supports . Dust level concentrations caused by moving the supports may make up a significant proportion of dust levels at the face line .

7 . Continued study of the effects of high , localized airflow speeds on dust . Research into the behaviour of dusts and other harmful substances in the ventilation ; ventilation air volumes are on the increase because workings are becoming deeper and local airflow speeds are becoming very high . This type of research can be carried out on models , test-bed trials and working practice .

8 . Best use of all personal protection devices against dust with regard to different working areas and groups of workmen . Research into techniques for the supply of fresh air to the workplace .

9 . In conventional ventilation layouts , pollutants sources ( dust , firedamp , heat ) are encountered successively by the air stream from the intake point at the conveyor plant to the face end . Improved safety and health conditions could be obtained by developing other ventilation layouts ( descending ventilation for example ) ; the pros and cons of the various options should be assessed for correct ventilation planning .

3 . Dust measurement and determination of dust properties

Dust level measuring devices in general use at present make it possible to measure the respirable dust concentration at a given point . Recording instruments will be examined or developed to provide continuous dust level readings and spot measurements in order to supplement data provided by normal methods . They will also be used to monitor trends in dust levels in workings and to draw up maps showing the dust level distribution .

It would be useful to supplement these devices by apparatus which could give readings for the exposure of individual miners moving around in the workings . The particle-size distribution should also be examined , since the overall assessment of a single category of respirable dusts may prove insufficient to study the specific pollution hazard of the various deposits .

Along the same lines , efforts will be made to develop and perfect dust samplers and methods of analysis can determine the chemical , physical and mineralogical properties of dusts and of the liquid and soluble impurities they contain .

Measurement of other harmful substances in the atmosphere , for example nitrous gases and aerosols , entails the development of easy-to-use instruments , particularly for gassy mines .

Developments in production techniques make necessary the study of a suitable dust sampling strategy , in order to provide a framework for the appropriate spot measurements needed for dust level monitoring and workforce development .

4 . Pneumoconiosis and environmental factors

Epidemiological and other studies should be conducted to ascertain the long-term effects on the respiratory system of protracted exposure to dust and other pollutants .

There should be further study of the physical and compositional parameters of dust , including its specific toxicity , with the aim of gaining greater understanding of the relationship between dust levels and both simple pneumoconiosis and progressive massive fibrosis ( PMF ) .

Research is required into the relationship between particle parameters and deposition in various parts of the respiratory tract , to gain a better understanding of the relationship between dust exposure and the occurrence of respiratory disorders .

There should be continued studies on ways of reducing emission of noxious vapours and gases and studies of the possible synergistic effects between noxious fumes and gases and respirable dust .

5 . Research into noise and vibrations

It is impossible to exclude from a programme on health in mines consideration of work on reducing noise emission , both at source and at the workplace ( i.e . when perceived by the workforce ) . Any proposals must , however , allow for the fact that this problem can only assume a limited significance reflecting the actual needs of the industry . If the need arises , invitations to submit research projects may be issued in order to resolve specific health protection problems .

It would be desirable to conduct research into noise reduction at source , moving the workforce away from noise sources , noise insulation and remote control techniques , and to combine it with research on noise level measurement and hearing lost .

IV . UNDERTAKING OF RESEARCH WORK

The research work under the programme will in general be undertaken by the mining research institutes in the Community Member States . These institutes have , over many years , undertaken research into health in mines , carried out the work under the programme now ending and shown their ability to do any work proposed in this new programme .

The projects will be distributed among the institutes according to their particular facilities and general direction of research , so that the programme can be completed in the most efficient and beneficial manner .

V . PROCEDURES

After a research programme proposed by the Commission has been approved by the Consultative Committee of the European Coal and Steel Community and has received the assent of the Council of the European Communities , the necessary executive and consultative procedures are adopted by the Commission for the implementation of the programme .

Three advisory committees _ the Research Committee , the Committee of Producers and Workers on Industrial Safety and Medicine and the Committee of Government Experts _ offer pertinent advice to the executive when projects are being considered .

On acceptance of a research project by the Commission , it is controlled by a contract detailing all requirements , including submission of periodic and final technical reports . These are looked at by experts committees whose members have specialized knowledge which enables them to offer relevant advice on the progress and results of the research . The number of committees and number of members are kept to a satisfactory minimum . This follow-up has worked well with the previous research programmes and it is proposed that it be used for this programme .

VI . RESULTS OF RESEARCH

The members of the above-mentioned committees of experts are entrusted with disseminating information on the research . The members receive , with minimum delay , all technical reports falling within the ambit of their particular committee . In this way information is made available very rapidly to the mining industries in the Member States of the Community .

For wider dissemination , the abstracts published by the Commission give information on research being undertaken , results of research and patents arising . The Commission will , however , continue to look into other dissemination systems in order to improve rapid information . In addition , any person or body requiring fuller information may on request , obtain complete reports on any aided research . At the end of the period covered by a programme , a full synthesis report is drawn up and widely disseminated . In some cases , symposia for specific categories of mines personnel are organized by the Commission .

These methods , developed and refined over the years , have proved satisfactory and it is proposed that similar methods be applied to this programme for industrial hygiene in mines .

VII . FINANCIAL ASPECTS AND DURATION OF PROGRAMME

Past experience in managing programmes has shown that five years' duration is satisfactory in order to develop an outline programme on industrial hygiene . This programme will commence in 1983 . Generally speaking , the research projects included in the programme should last two or three years .

In order to determine the total appropriation to be set aside for the programme , past experience gained in implementing similar programmes and an analysis of the various budgetary components of estimates of research work are considered . This has been made possible by the consistent audits made on termination of research contracts .

Account has also to be taken of the trends in research costs which are constantly increasing .

Community financial aid cannot exceed 75 % of the direct cost of research , the beneficiary financing the remainder .

In order to save money and to use facilities in the research institutes properly , it will be necessary , as in the past , to ensure rational distribution of work in order to exploit these installations fully .

In addition to financing direct research costs , sufficient funds should be made available to finance ancillary costs for running the programme .

Such costs comprise those for the holding of related , necessary meetings , travel and subsistence allowance for experts and research workers , the organization and operation of study or information seminars and the publishing and the dissemination of the results of the research undertaken .

Considering all these aspects , total financial aid of 11 000 000 ECU over a period of five years is considered necessary to give a suitable programme which would contribute substantially towards improving industrial hygiene in mines .

VIII . CONCLUSIONS

The Commission of the European Communities ,

_ considering the need to promote health in mines ,

_ taking account of the favourable opinions and full agreements of the professional , governmental and scientific advisory committees , and of the statements of intended research made by the specialized institutes and bodies consulted ,

_ having regard to Article 55 of the European Coal and Steel Community Treaty ,

decides to assign 11 000 000 ECU for a period of five years commencing in 1983 for the realization of a fifth research programme " Industrial hygiene in mines " .

New text of Annex I to the Agreement of 26 July 1957 between the Austrian Federal Government , on the one part , and the Governments of the Member States of the European Coal and Steel Community and the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community , on the other establishing through international railway tariffs for the carriage of coal and steel through the territory of the Republic of Austria .

( Official Journal of the ECSC No 6 of 20 February 1958 , p . 78 )

Following the coming into effect from 1 January 1984 of the amendments in the goods tariff of the Austrian Federal Railways , Annex I to the abovementioned Agreement , as last amended on 31 December 1982 ( OJ No C 343 of 31 December 1982 , p . 6 ) is drawn up with effect from 1 January 1984 as follows :

PORTIONS CHARGED BY THE AUSTRIAN FEDERAL RAILWAYS

The portions charged by the Austrian Federal Railways , provided for in Article 2 ( 3 ) of the Agreement , shall be calculated as follows :

1 . The normal tariff charges fro 15 and 20 tonnes of the Austrian internal tariff are reduced by determined amounts for the types of goods as follows : coal , coke , ores , flue dust , crude steel , pig iron , semi-finished products , hot-rolled steel coils for rerolling , exceeding 500 mm in width , finished products and scraps .

2 . The reductions provided for in point 1 shall read as follows :

* * Reduction per

* * tonne in

Goods * Rouce * Austrian shillings

* * 15 tonnes * 20 tonnes

Finished products , wide ( * Kufstein _ Brennero / Brenner * 2,_ * 2,_

strip , briquettes , coke , coal ( * Salzburg Hbf _ Tarvisio Centrale * 3,_ * 2,_

( * Salzburg Hbf _ Rosenbach frontier * 3,_ * 2,_

( * Lindau-Reutin _ Brennero / Brenner * 3,_ * 3,_

( Simbach ( Inn ) _ Tarvisio Centrale * 3,_ * 3,_

( * Passau Hbf _ Spielfeld frontier * 4,_ * 4,_

( * Buchs ( SG ) _ Rosenbach frontier * 4,_ * 4,_

( * Lindau-Reutin _ Rosenbach frontier * 4,_ * 4,_

Ores , flue dust , crude steel , ( * Kufstein _ Brennero / Brenner * 2,_ * 2,_

semi-finished products ( * Salzburg Hbf _ Tarvisio Centrale * 2,_ * 2,_

scrap ( * Salzburg Hbf _ Rosenbach frontier * 2,_ * 2,_

( * Lindau-Reutin _ Brennero / Brenner * 3,_ * 2,_

( * Simbach ( Inn ) _ Tarvisio Centrale * 3,_ * 3,_

( * Passau Hbf _ Spielfeld frontier * 4,_ * 3,_

( * Buchs ( SG ) _ Rosenbach frontier * 4,_ * 4,_

( * Lindau-Reutin _ Rosenbach frontier * 4,_ * 4,_

3 . Any amendment of the rules in point 1 , as to establishing tariff rates and the reductions of rates provided for in point 2 , has _ when Article 8 applies _ to be agreed between the Austrian Federal Government , the Governments of the Member States and the Commission of the European Communities and has to be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities .

4 . Any amendment of the rules in point 1 above , as to establishing tariff rates and the reductions of rates provided for in point 2 , based on an amendment of the international tariff rates of the Austrian Federal Railways _ in so far as the provisions in Article 8 are not applicable _ shall be brought to the knowledge of the governments , which are parties to the Agreement and to the Commission of the European Communities , at least 15 days before the provided date of implementation . The amendment is to be published in Official Journal of the European Communities .

5 . The determined portions laid down to the abovementioned rules shall be published in " the international tariff for the carriage of goods between the Member States of the European Communities far coal and steel " .

Commission communications pursuant to Article 115 of the EEC Treaty

By Decision dated 5 December 1983 the Commission has authorized France not to apply Community treatment to sacks and bags of a kind used for the packing of goods , made from polyethylene or polyethylene strip falling within subheading ex 60.05 B of the Common Customs Tariff ( category 67 a ) ) , originating in Yugoslavia and in free circulation in the other Member States .

The said Decision is applicable from 23 November to 31 December 1983 .

By Decision dated 5 December 1983 the Commission has authorized Ireland not to apply Community treatment to jerseys , pullovers , slipovers , twinsets , cardigans , bedjackets and jumpers falling within subheading 60.05 A I and ex A II of the Common Customs Tariff ( category 5 ) , originating in Macao and in free circulation in the other Member States .

The said Decision is applicable from 24 November to 31 December 1983 .

THE COMMUNITY SCALE FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF CARCASES OF ADULT BOVINE ANIMALS

Illustrated leaflet

The leaflet " The Community scale for the classification of carcases of adult bovine animals " was prepared to illustrate the various conformation classes and fat-cover classes defined in the Annexes to Regulations ( EEC ) No 1208/81 and ( EEC ) No 2930/81 .

The leaflet contains 20 photographs illustrating on the front the five conformation classes ( photographs of the external surface and in profile ) and on the back the five classes of fat cover ( photographs of the internal and external surfaces ) , accompanied by the technical descriptions given in the Regulations referred to above . Except for conformation class E , where the photograph represents the lower range of the class , the illustrations correspond to the middle range of the conformation and fat-cover classes . The photographs have been chosen by a group of international experts particularly well qualified in the classification of carcases of adult bovine animals .

This leaflet is above all a practical instrument for use mainly in the classification of carcases in slaughterhouses . It is also in illustrated manual for those working in the meat trade . Finally , it can usefully be employed in technical colleges both in the training of meat technicians and for all those who might be concerned with some aspect of meat production or marketing in their future careers .

Published in : Danish , Dutch , English , French , German , Greek , Italian

Price ( excluding VAT ) in Luxembourg : C , 55 ECU ; Bfrs 25 ; Pound Irl 1,70 ; Pound 1,40 ; US Dollar 2,50 .

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REGISTER OF CURRENT COMMUNITY LEGAL INSTRUMENTS

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