COUNCIL DECISION of 19 December 1994 on the joint action adopted by the Council on the basis of Article J.3 of the Treaty on European Union concerning the control of exports of dual-use goods (94/942/CFSP)

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in particular Article J.3 thereof,

Having regard to the general guidelines given by the European Council on 26 and 27 June 1992,

HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS:

Article 1

A joint action, aimed at protecting Member State's essential security interests and meeting their international commitments, on the control of exports from the Community of goods which can be used for both civil and military purposes, hereinafter referred to as 'dual-use goods`, is hereby adopted.

This Decision and Council Regulation (EC) No 3381/94 of 19 December 1994 setting up a Community regime for the control of exports of dual-use goods (1), constitute an integrated system involving, in accordance with their own powers, the Council, the Commission and the Member States.

Article 2

The list of dual-use goods shall be as set out in Annex I. That list shall apply for the purposes of Article 3 (1) and Article 19 (1) (a) and (2) of Regulation (EC) No 3381/94.

Article 3

The list of destinations to which Article 6 (1) (a) of Regulation (EC) No 3381/94 applies shall be as set out in Annex II.

Article 4

The guidelines to be taken into consideration for the purpose of Article 8 of Regulation (EC) No 3381/94 shall be as set out in Annex III.

Article 5

The list of goods to which Article 19 (1) (b) of Regulation (EC) No 3381/94 applies shall be as set out in Annex IV.

Article 6

The list of goods and Member States to which Article 20 (1) of Regulation (EC) No 3381/94 applies shall be as set out in Annex V.

Article 7

This Decision shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities on the same day as Regulation (EC) No 3381/94.

Any subsequent amendments to this Decision shall also be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

Article 8

This Decision shall enter into force on the day of its publication.

It shall apply from 1 March 1995.

Done at Brussels, 19 December 1994.

For the Council The President K. KINKEL

(1) See page 1 of this Official Journal.

ANNEX I

List referred to in Article 2 of the Decision and Article 3(1) of Regulation (EC) No 3381/94 (Common list of dual-use goods which are subject to control when exported from the European Community)

LIST OF DUAL-USE GOODS This list implements internationally agreed dual-use controls including the Community strategic controls, MTCR, NSG and Australia Group. No account has been taken of any items that Member States wish to place on an exclusion list. No account has been taken of any national controls (non-regime origin controls) that may be maintained by Member States.

GENERAL NOTES TO ANNEX 1

1. For control of goods which are designed or modified for military use, see the relevant list(s) of controls on military goods maintained by individual Member States. References in this Annex that state 'SEE ALSO MILITARY GOODS CONTROLS` refer to the same lists.

2. The object of the controls contained in this Annex should not be defeated by the export of any non-controlled goods (including plant) containing one or more controlled components when the controlled component or components are the principal element of the goods and can feasibly be removed or used for other purposes.

NB: In judging whether the controlled component or components are to be considered the principal element, it is necessary to weigh the factors of quantity, value and technological know-how involved and other special circumstances which might establish the controlled component or components as the principal element of the goods being procured.

3. The control of technology transfer in this Annex is limited to tangible forms.

4. Goods specified in this Annex include both new and used goods.

Nuclear Technology Note (NTN)

(To be read in conjunction with section E of Category 0) The transfer of 'technology` directly associated with any goods in Category 0, will be subject to as great a degree of scrutiny and control as will the goods.

'Technology` for the 'development`, 'production` or 'use` of goods under control remains under control even when applicable to non-controlled goods.

The approval of goods for export also authorizes the export to the same end-user of the minimum 'technology` required for the installation, operation, maintenance, and repair of the goods.

Controls on 'technology` transfer do not apply to information 'in the public domain` or the 'basic scientific research`.

General Technology Note (GTN)

(To be read in conjunction with section E of Categories 1 to 9) The transfer of 'technology` which is 'required` for the 'development`, 'production` or 'use` of goods controlled in Categories 1 to 9, is controlled according to the provisions of Categories 1 to 9.

'Technology` 'required` for the 'development`, 'production` or 'use` of goods under control remains under control even when applicable to non-controlled goods.

The approval of goods for export also authorizes the export to the same end-user of the minimum 'technology` required for the installation, operation, maintenance, and repair of the goods.

NB: This does not release the repair 'technology` specified in 8E002.a.

Controls on 'technology` transfer do not apply to information 'in the public domain` or the 'basic scientific research`.

General Software Note (GSN)

(This note overrides any control within section D of Categories 0 to 9) Categories 0 to 9 of this list do not control software which is either:

a. Genarally available to the public by being:

1. sold from stock at retail selling points, without restriction, by means of:

a. over-the-counter transactions;

b. mail order transactions;

c. telephone order transactions; and 2. designed for installation by the user without further substantial support by the supplier; or b. 'In the public domain`.

Definitions of terms in this Annex

Category references are given in brackets after the defined term.

1. '2-D vector rate` (4) means the number of vectors generated per second which have 10 pixel poly line vectors, clip tested, randomly oriented, with either integer or floating point X-Y coordinate values (whichever produces the maximum rate).

2. '3-D vector rate` (4) means the number of vectors generated per second which have 10 pixel poly line vectors, clip tested, randomly oriented, with either integer or floating point X-Y-Z coordinate values (whichever produces the maximum rate).

3. 'Accuracy` (2), usually measured in terms of inaccuracy, means the maximum deviation, positive or negative, of an indicated value from an accepted standard or true value (usually measured in terms of inaccuracy).

4. 'Active flight control systems` (7) are systems whose function to prevent undesirable 'aircraft` and missile motions or structural loads by autonomously processing outputs from multiple sensors and then providing necessary preventive commands to effect automatic control.

5. 'Active pixel` (6 8) is a minimum (single) element of the solid state array which has a photoelectric transfer function when exposed to light (electromagnetic) radiation.

6. 'Adaptive control` (2) means a control system that adjusts the response from conditions detected during the operation (ref. ISO 2806-1980).

7. 'Aircraft` (7 9) means a fixed wing, swivel wing, rotary wing (helicopter), tilt rotor or tilt-wing airborne vehicle.

NB: See also 'civil aircraft`.

8. 'Angular position deviation` (2) means the maximum difference between angular position and the actual, very accurately measured angular position after the workpiece mount of the table has been turned out of its initial position (ref. VDI/VDE 2617, Draft: 'Rotary tables on coordinate measuring machines`).

9. 'Asynchronous transfer mode` (ATM) (5) means a transfer mode in which the information is organized into cells; it is asynchronous in the sense that the recurrence of cells depends on the required or instantaneous bit rate (CCITT) recommendation L.113).

10. 'Automatic target tracking` (6) means a processing technique that automatically determines and provides as output an extrapolated value of the most probable position of the target in real time.

11. 'Bandwidth of one voice channel` (5), in the case of data communication equipment, means designed to operate in one voice channel of 3,100 Hz, as defined in CCITT recommendation G.151.

12. 'Basic gate propagation delay time` (3) means the propagation delay time value corresponding to the basic gate used within a 'family` of 'monolithic integrated circuits`. This may be specified, for a given 'family`, either as the propagation delay time per typical gate or as the typical propagation delay time per gate.

NB: 'Basic gate propagation delay time` is not to be confused with the input/output delay time of a complex 'monolithic integrated circuit`.

13. 'Basic scientific research` (GTN NTN) means experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena or observable facts, not primarily directed towards a specific practical aim or objective.

14. 'Beat length` (6) means the distance over which two orthogonally polarized signals, initially in phase, must pass in order to achieve a 2 Pi radian(s) phase difference.

15. 'Bias` (accelerometer) (7) means an accelerometer output when no acceleration is applied.

186. 'Boron equivalent` (BE) is defined as:

BE = CF × Concentration of element Z in ppm where CF is the conversion factor = gammaZ × AB gammaB × AZ and gammaB and gammaZ are the thermal neutron capture cross sections (in barns) for boron and element Z respectively;

and AB and Az are the atomic weights of boron and element Z respectively;

16. 'Camming` (axial displacement) (2) means axial displacement in one revolution of the main spindle measured in a plane perpendicular to the spindle faceplate, at a point next to the circumference of the spindle faceplate (ref. ISO 230/1 1986, paragraph 5.63).

17. 'CEP` (circle of equal probability (7) is a measure of accuracy; the radius of the circle centred at the target, at a specific range, in which 50 % of the payloads impact.

18. 'Chemical laser` (6) means a 'laser` in which the excited species is produced by the output energy from a chemical reaction.

19. 'Circulation-controlled anti-torque or circulation controlled direction control systems` (7) are systems that use air blown over aerodynamic surfaces to increase or control the forces generated by the surfaces.

20. 'Civil aircraft` (7 9) means those 'aircraft` listed by designation in published airworthiness certification lists by the civil aviation authorities to fly commercial civil internal and external routes or for legitimate civil, private or business use.

NB: See also 'aircraft`.

189. 'Civil aviation authorites` (7 9) means the competent authority in Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom or United States of America.

21. 'Commingled` (1) means filament to filament blending of thermoplastic fibres and reinforcement fibres in order to produce a fibre reinforcement/'matrix` mix in total fibre form.

22. 'Comminution` (1) means a process to reduce a material to particles by crushing or grinding.

23. 'Common channel signalling` (5) is a signalling method in which a single channel between exchanges conveys, by means of labelled messages, signalling information relating to a multiplicity of circuits or calls and other information such as that used for network management.

24. 'Communications channel controller` (5) means the physical interface which controls the flow of synchronous or asynchronous digital information. It is an assembly that can be integrated into computer or telecommunications equipment to provide communications access.

25. 'Composite` (1 6 8 9) means a 'matrix` and an additional phase or additional phases consisting of particles, whiskers, fibres or any combination thereof, present for a specific purpose or purposes.

26. 'Composite theoretical performance` (CTP) (4) is a measure of computational performance given in millions of theoretical operations per second (Mtops), calculated using the aggregation of 'computing elements` (CE).

NB: See Category 4, Technical Note.

27. 'Compound rotary table` (2) means a table allowing the workpiece to rotate and tilt about two non-parallel axes, which can be coordinated simultaneously for 'contouring control`.

28. 'Computing element (CE) (4) means the smallest computational unit that produces an arithmetic or logic result.

29. 'Contouring control` (2) means two or more 'numerically controlled` motions operating in accordance with instructions that specify the next required position and the required feed rates to that position. These feed rates are varied in relation to each other so that a desired contour is generated (ref. ISO/DIS 2806-1980).

30. 'Critical temperature` (1 3 6) (sometimes referred to as the transition temperature) of a specific 'superconductive` material means the temperature at which the material loses all resistance to the flow of direct electrical current.

31. 'Cryptography` (5) means the discipline which embodies principles, means and methods for the transformation of data in order to hide its information content, prevent its undetected modification or prevent its unauthorized use. 'Cryptography` is limited to the transformation of information using one or more secret parameters (e. g. crypto variables) or associated key management.

NB: 'Secret parameter`: a constant or key kept from the knowledge of others or shared only within a group.

32. 'Datagram` (4 5) means a self-contained, independent entity of data carrying sufficient information to be routed from the source to the destination data terminal equipment without reliance on earlier exchanges between this source or destination data terminal equipment and the transporting network.

33. 'Data signalling rate` (5) means the rate, as defined in ITU Recommendation 53-36, taking into account that, for non-binary modulation, baud and bit per second are not equal. Bits for coding, checking and synchronization functions are to be included.

NB: 1. When determining the 'data signalling rate`, servicing and administrative channels shall be excluded.

2. It is the maximum one-way rate i. e., the maximum rate in either transmission or reception.

34. 'Deformable mirrors` (6) (also known as adaptive optic mirrors) means mirrors having:

(a) a single continuous optical reflecting surface which is dynamically deformed by the application of individual torques or forces to compensate for distortions in the optical waveform incident upon the mirror; or (b) multiple optical reflecting elements that can be individually and dynamically repositioned by the application of torques or forces to compensate for distortions in the optical waveform incident upon the mirror.

35. 'Depleted uranium` (O) means uranium depleted in the isotope 235 below that occurring in nature.

36. 'Development` (GTN NTN All) is related to all phases prior to serial production, such as:

design, design research, design analyses design concepts, assembly and testing of prototypes, pilot production schemes, design data, process of transforming design data into a product, configuration design, integration design, layouts.

37. 'Diffusion bonding` (1 2 9) means a solid state molecular joining of at least two separate metals into a single piece with a joint strength equivalent to that of the weakest material.

38. 'Digital computer` (4 5) means equipment which can, in the form of one or more discrete variables:

a. accept data;

b. store data or instructions in fixed or alterable (writable) storage devices;

c. process data by means of a stored sequence of instructions which is modifiable; and d. provide output of data.

NB: Modification of a stored sequence of instructions include replacement of fixed storage devices, but not a physical change in wiring or interconnections.

39. 'Digital transfer rate` (5) means the total bit rate of the information that is directly transferred on any type of medium.

NB: See also 'total digital transfer rate`.

40. 'Direct-acting hydraulic pressing` (2) means a deformation process which uses a fluid-filled flexible bladder in direct contact with the workpiece.

41. 'Drift rate` (gyro) (7) means the time rate of output deviation from the desired output. It consists of random and systematic components and is expressed as an equivalent input angular displacement per unit time with respect to internal space.

42. 'Dynamic adaptive routing` (5) means automatic rerouting of traffic based on sensing and analysis of current actual network conditions.

NB: This does not include cases of routing decisions taken on predefined information.

43. 'Dynamic signal analysers` (3) means 'signal analysers` which use digital sampling and transformation techniques to form a Fourier spectrum display of the given waveform including amplitude and phase information.

NB: See also 'signal analysers`.

44. 'Effective gramme` (O) of 'special fissile material` or 'other fissile material` means:

(a) for plutonium isotopes and uranium-233, the isotope weight in grammes;

(b) for uranium enriched 1 per cent or greater in the isotope U-235, the element weight in grammes multiplied by the square of its enrichment expressed as a decimal weight fraction;

(c) for uranium enriched below 1 per cent in the isotope U-235, the element weight in grammes multiplied by 0,0001;

(d) for americium-242m, curium-245 and -247, californium-249 and -251, the isotope weight in grammes multiplied by 10;

45. 'Electronic assembly` (3 4) means a number of electronic components (i. e., 'circuit elements`, 'discrete components`, integrated circuits, etc.) connected together to perform (a) specific function(s), replaceable as an entity and normally capable of being disassembled.

NB: 1. 'Circuit element`: a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

2. 'Discrete component`: a separately packaged 'circuit element` with its own external connections.

46. 'Electronically steerable phased array antenna` (6) means an antenna which forms a beam by means of phase coupling, i. e., the beam direction is controlled by the complex excitation coefficients of the radiating elements and the direction of that beam can be varied in azimuth or in elevation, or both, by application, both in transmission and reception, of an electrical signal.

47. 'End-effectors` (2) include grippers, 'active tooling units` and any other tooling that is attached to the baseplate on the end of a 'robot` manipulator arm.

NB: 'Active tooling unit`: a device for applying motive power, process energy or sensing to the workpiece.

48. 'Equivalent Density` (6) means the mass of an optic per unit optical area projected onto the optical surface.

49. 'Expert systems` (4) means systems providing results by application of rules to data which are stored independently of the 'programme` and capable of any of the following:

a. modifying automatically the 'source code` introduced by the user;

b. providing knowledge linked to a class of problems in quasi-natural language; or c. acquiring the knowledge required for their development (symbolic training).

50. 'Family` (3) means a group of microprocessor or microcomputer microcircuits with:

a. the same architecture;

b. the same basic instruction set; and c. the same basic technology (e. g. only NMOS or only CMOS).

51. 'Fast select` (4 5) means a facility applicable to virtual calls which allows a data terminal equipment to expand the possibility to transmit data in call set-up and clearing packets beyond the basic capabilities of a virtual call.

NB: 'Packet`: a group of binary digits including data and call control signals which is switched as a composite whole. The data, call control signals and possibly error control information are arranged in a specified format.

52. 'Fault tolerance` (4) is the capability of a computer system, after any malfunction of any of its hardware or 'software` components, to continue to operate without human intervention, at a given level of service that provides: continuity of operation, data integrity and recovery of service within a given time.

53. 'Fibrous or filamentary materials` (0 2 8) include:

a. continuous monofilaments;

b. continuous yarns and rovings;

c. tapes, fabrics, random mats and braids;

d. chopped fibres, staple fibres and coherent fibre blankets;

e. whiskers either monocrystalline or polycrystalline, of any length;

f. aromatic polyamide pulp.

54. 'Film type integrated circuit` (3) means an array of 'circuit elements` and metallic interconnections formed by deposition of a thick or thin film on an insulating 'substrate`.

NB: 'Circuit element`: a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

55. 'Fixed` (5) means that the coding or compression algorithm cannot accept externally supplied parameters (e. g. cryptographic or key variables) and cannot be modified by the user.

56. 'Flexible manufacturing unit` (FMU) (2) (sometimes also referred to as 'flexible manufacturing system` (FMS) or 'flexible manufacturing cell` (FMC)) means an entity which includes a combination of at least:

a. a 'digital computer` including its own 'main storage` and its own related equipment; and b. two or more of the following:

1. a machine tool specified in 2B001.c.;

2. a dimensional inspection machine specified in Category 2, or another digitally controlled measuring machine specified in Category 2;

3. a 'robot` specified in Categories 2 or 8;

4. digitally controlled equipment specified in 1B003, 2B003 or 9B001;

5. 'Stored programme controlled` equipment specified in 3B001.a.;

6. digitally controlled equipment specified in 1B001;

7. digitally controlled electronic equipment specified in 3A002.c.

57. 'Fluoride fibres` (6) means fibres manufactured from bulk fluoride compounds.

190. 'Focal plane array` (6) means a linear or two-dimensional planar layer, or combination of planar layers, of individual detector elements, with or without readout electronics, which work in the focal plane.

NB: This is not intended to include a stack of single detector elements or any two, three or four element detectors provided time delay and integration is not performed within the element.

58. 'Frequency agility` (frequency hopping) (5) means a form of 'spread spectrum` in which the transmission frequency of a single communication channel is made to change by discrete steps.

59. 'Frequency switching time` (3 5) means the maximum time (i.e., delay), taken by a signal, when switched from one selected output frequency to another selected output frequency, to reach:

a. a frequency within 100 Hz of the final frequency; or b. an output level within 1 dB of the final output level.

60. 'Frequency synthesizer` (3) means any kind of frequency source or signal generator, regardless of the actual technique used, providing a multiplicity of simultaneous or alternative output frequencies, from one or more outputs, controlled by, derived from or disciplined by a lesser number of standard (or master) frequencies.

61. 'Gas atomization` (1) means a process to reduce a molten stream of metal alloy to droplets of 500 micrometre diameter or less by a high pressure gas stream.

62. 'Gateway` (5) means the function, realized by any combination of equipment and 'software`, to carry out the conversion of conventions for representing, processing or communicating information used in one system into the corresponding but different conventions used in another system.

63. 'Generic software` (5) means a set of instructions for a 'stored programme controlled` switching system that is the same for all switches using that type of switching system.

NB: The data base portion is not considered to be part of the 'generic software`.

64. 'Geographically dispersed` (6) is where each location is distant from any other more than 1 500 m in any direction. Mobile sensors are always considered 'geographically dispersed`.

65. 'Global interrupt latency time` (4) means the time taken by the computer system to recognize an interrupt due to the event, service the interrupt and perform a context switch to an alternate memory-resident task waiting on the interrupt.

66. 'Guidance set` (7) means systems that integrate the process of measuring and computing a vehicles position and velocity (i.e. navigation) with that of computing and sending commands to the vehicles flight control systems to correct the trajectory.

67. 'Hot isostatic densification` (2) means the process of pressurizing a casting at temperatures exceeding 375 K (102° C) in a closed cavity through various media (gas, liquid, solid particles, etc.) to create equal force in all directions to reduce or eliminate internal voids in the casting.

68. 'Hybrid computer` (4) means equipment which can:

a. accept data;

b. process data, in both analogue and digital representations; and c. provide output of data.

69. 'Hybrid integrated circuit` (3) means any combination of integrated circuit(s), or integrated circuit with 'circuit elements` or 'discrete components` connected together to perform (a) specific function(s), and having all of the following characteristics:

Containing at least one unencapsulated device;

Connected together using typical IC production methods;

Replaceable as an entity; and Not normally capable of being disassembled.

NB: 1. 'Circuit element`: a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

2. 'Discrete component`: a separately packaged 'circuit element` with its own external connections.

70. 'Image enhancement` (4) means the processing of externally derived information-bearing images by algorithms such as time compression, filtering, extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations between domains (e.g. fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform). This does not include algorithms using only linear or rotational transformation of a single image, such as translation, feature extraction, registration or false colouration.

71. 'In the public domain` (GTN NTN GSN), as it applies herein, means 'technology` or 'software` which has been made available without restrictions upon its further dissemination (copyright restrictions do not remove 'technology` or 'software` from being 'in the public domain`).

72. 'Information security` (5) is all the means and functions ensuring the accessibility, confidentiality or integrity of information or communications, excluding the means and functions intended to safeguard against malfunctions. This includes 'cryptography`, 'cryptanalysis`, protection against compromising emanations and computer security.

NB: 'Cryptanalysis`: the analysis of a cryptographic system or its inputs and outputs to derive confidential variables or sensitive data, including clear text.

73. 'Instantaneous bandwidth` (3 5) means the bandwidth over which output power remains constant within 3 dB without adjustment of other operating parameters.

74. 'Instrumented range` (6) means the specified unambiguous display range of a radar.

75. 'Insulation` (9) is applied to the components of a rocket motor, i. e. the case, nozzle, inlets, case closures, and includes cured or semi-cured compounded rubber sheet stock containing an insulating or refractory material. It may also be incorporated as stress relief boots or flaps.

76. 'Integrated Services Digital Network` (ISDN) (5) means a unified end-to-end digital network, in which data originating from all types of communication (e.g. voice, text, data, still and moving pictures) are transmitted from one port (terminal) in the exchange (switch) over one access line to and from the subscriber.

77. 'Interconnected radar sensors` (6) means two or more radar sensors are interconnected when they mutually exchange data in real time.

78. 'Interior lining` (9) is suited for the bond interface between the solid propellant and the case or insulating liner. Usually a liquid polymer based dispersion of refractory or insulating materials, e. g. carbon filled HTPB or other polymer with added curing agents sprayed or screeded over a case interior.

79. 'Intrinsic magnetic gradiometer` (6) is a single magnetic field gradient sensing element and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of magnetic field gradient.

NB: See also 'magnetic gradiometer`.

191. 'Isolated live cultures` includes live cultures in dormant form and in dried preparations.

80. 'Isostatic presses` (2) mean equipment capable of pressurising a closed cavity through various media (gas, liquid, solid particles, etc.) to create equal pressure in all directions within the cavity upon a workpiece or material.

81. 'Laser` (0 2 3 5 6 9) is an assembly of components which produce both spatially and temporally coherent light that is amplified by stimulated emission of radiation.

NB: See also: 'Chemical laser`;

'Q-switched-laser`;

'Super High Power Laser;

'Transfer laser`.

82. 'Linearity` (2) (usually measured in terms of non-linearity) means the maximum deviation of the actual characteristic (average of upscale and downscale readings), positive or negative, from a straight line so positioned as to equalize and minimize the maximum deviations.

83. 'Local area network` (4) is a data communication system which:

a. allows an arbitrary number of independent 'data devices` to communicate directly with each other; and b. is confined to a geographical area of moderate size (e. g. office building, plant, campus, warehouse).

NB: 'Data device`: equipment capable of transmitting or receiving sequences of digital information.

84. 'Magnetic gradiometers` (6) are instruments designed to detect the spatial variation of magnetic fields from sources external to the instrument. They consist of multiple 'magnetometers` and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of magnetic field gradient.

NB: See also 'intrinsic magnetic gradiometer`.

85. 'Magnetometers` (6) are instruments designed to detect magnetic fields from sources external to the instrument. They consist of a single magnetic field sensing element and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of the magnetic field.

86. 'Main storage` (4) means the primary storage for data or instructions for rapid access by a central processing unit. It consists of the internal storage of a 'digital computer` and any hierarchical extension thereto, such as cache storage or non-sequentially accessed extended storage.

87. 'Matrix` (1 6 8 9) means a substantially continuous phase that fills the space between particles, whiskers or fibres.

88. 'Maximum bit transfer rate` ('MBTR`) of:

(a) solid state storage equipment means the number of data bits per second transferred between the equipment and its controller;

(b) a disk drive means the internal data transfer rate calculated as B×R×T (bits per second where:

B = maximum number of data bits per track available to read or write in a single revolution;

R = revolutions per second;

T = number of tracks which can be read or written simultaneously.

192. 'MBTR` - see Maximum bit transfer rate.

89. 'Measurement uncertainty` (2) is the characteristic parameter which specifies in what range around the output value the correct value of the measurable variable lies with a confidence level of 95 %. It includes the uncorrected systematic deviations, the uncorrected backlash and the random deviations (ref VDI/VDE 2617).

90. 'Mechanical alloying` (1) means an alloying process resulting from the bonding, fracturing and rebonding of elemental and master alloy powders by mechanical impact. Non-metallic particles may be incorporated in the alloy by addition of the appropriate powders.

91. 'Media access unit` (5) means equipment which contains one or more communication interfaces ('network access controller`, 'communications channel controller`, modem or computer bus) to connect terminal equipment to a network.

92. 'Melt extraction (1) means a process to 'solidify rapidly` and extract a ribbon-like alloy product by the insertion of a short segment of a rotating chilled block into a bath of a molten metal alloy.

NB: 'Solidify rapidly`: solidification of molten material at cooling rates exceeding 1 000 K/sec.

93. 'Melt spinning` (1) means a process to 'solidify rapidly` a molten metal stream impinging upon a rotating chilled block, forming a flake, ribbon or rod-like product.

NB: Solidify rapidly`: solidification of molten material at cooling rates exceeding 1 000 K/sec.

94. 'Microcomputer microcircuit` (3) means a 'monolithic integrated circuit` or 'multichip integrated circuit` containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) capable of executing general purpose instructions from an internal storage, on data contained in the internal storage.

NB: The internal storage may be augmented by an external storage.

95. 'Microprocessor microcircuit` (3) means a 'monolithic integrated circuit` or 'multichip integrated circuit` containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) capable of executing a series of general purpose instructions from an external storage.

NB: 1. The 'microprocessor microcircuit` normally does not contain integral user-accessible storage, although storage present on-the-chip may be used in performing its logic function.

2. This includes chip sets which are designed to operate together to provide the function of a 'microporcessor microcircuit`.

187. 'Microorganisms` (1 2) means bacteria, viruses, mycoplasms, rickettsiae, chlamydiae or fungi, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of isolated live cultures or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures.

96. 'Microprogramme` means a sequence of elementary instructions, maintained in a special storage, the execution of which is initiated by the introduction of its reference instruction into an instruction register.

97. 'Missiles` (1-7,9) means complete rocket systems and unmanned air vehicle systems, capable of delivering at least 500 kg payload to a range of at least 300 km.

98. 'Monolithic integrated circuit` (3) means a combination of passive or active 'circuit elements` or both which:

a. are formed by means of diffusion processes, implantation processes or deposition processes in or on a single semiconducting piece of material, a so-called 'chip`;

b. can be considered as indivisibly associated; and c. perform the function(s) of a circuit.

NB: 'Circuit element`: a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

99. 'Motion control board` (2) means an 'electronic assembly` specially designed to provide a computer system with the capability to coordinate simultaneously the motion of axes of machine tools for 'contouring control`.

100. 'Multichip integrated circuit` (3) means two or more 'monolithic integrated circuits` bonded to a common 'substrate`.

101. 'Multi-data-stream processing` (4) means the 'microprogramme` or equipment architecture technique which permits simultaneous processing of two or more data sequences under the control of one or more instruction sequences by means such as:

a. Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) architectures such as vector or array processors;

b. Multiple Single Instruction Multiple Data (MSIMD) architectures;

c. Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD) architectures, including those which are tightly coupled, closely coupled or loosely coupled; or d. structured arrays of processing elements, including systolic arrays.

102. 'Multilevel security` (5) means a class of system containing information with different sensitivities that simultaneously permits access by users with different security clearances and needs-to-know, but prevents users from obtaining access to information for which they lack authorization.

NB: 'Multilevel security` is computer security and not computer reliability which deals with equipment fault prevention or human error prevention in general.

103. 'Multispectral imaging sensors` (6) are capable of simultaneous or serial acquisition of imaging data from two or more discrete spectral bands. Sensors having more than 20 discrete spectral bands are sometimes referred to as hyperspectral imaging sensors.

104. 'Natural uranium` (0) means uranium containing the mixtures of isotopes occurring in nature.

105. 'Network access controller` (4 5) means a physical interface to a distributed switching network. It uses a common medium which operates throughout at the same 'digital transfer rate` using arbitration (e.g. token or carrier sense) for transmission. Independently from any other, it selects data packets or data groups (e.g. IEEE 802) addressed to it. It is an assembly that can be integrated into computer or telecommunications equipment to provide communications access.

106. 'Neural computer` (4) means a computational device designed or modified to mimic the behaviour of a neuron or a collection of neurons, i.e., a computational device which is distinguished by its hardware capability to modulate the weights and numbers of the interconnections of a multiplicity of computational components based on previous data.

107. 'Noise level` (6) means an electrical signal given in terms of power spectral density. The relation between 'noise level` expressed in peak-to-peak is given by S2 pp = 8N0(f2-f1), where Spp is the peak to peak value of the signal (e.g. nanoteslas), N0 is the power spectral density (e.g. (nanotesla)2/Hz and (f2-f1) defines the bandwidth of interest.

108. 'Nuclear reactor` (0) means the items within or attached directly to the reactor vessel, the equipment which controls the level of power in the core, and the components which normally contain, come into direct contact with or control the primary coolant of the reactor core.

109. 'Numerical control` (2) means the automatic control of a process performed by a device that makes use of numeric data usually introduced as the operation is in progress (ref. ISO 2382).

110. 'Operate autonomously` (8) means operating fully submerged, without snorkel, all systems working and cruising at minimum speed at which the submersible can safely control its depth dynamically by using its depth planes only, with no need for a support vessel or support base on the surface, sea-bed or shore, and containing a propulsion system for submerged or surface use.

111. 'Optical amplification` (5), in optical communications, means an amplification technique that introduces a gain of optical signals that have been generated by a separate optical source, without conversion to electrical signals, i.e., using semiconductor optical amplifiers, optical fibre luminescent amplifiers.

112. 'Optical computer` (4) means a computer designed or modified to use light to represent data and whose computational logic elements are based on directly coupled optical devices.

113. 'Optical fibre preforms` (5 6) means bars ingots, or rods of glass, plastic or other materials which have been specially processed for use in fabricating optical fibres. The characteristics of the preform determine the basic parameters of the resultant drawn optical fibres.

114. 'Optical integrated circuit` (3) a 'monolithic integrated circuit` or a 'hybrid integrated circuit`, containing one or more parts designed to function as a photosensor or photoemitter or to perform (an) optical or (an) electro-optical function(s).

115. 'Optical switching` (5) means the routing of or switching of signals in optical form without conversion to electrical signals.

116. 'Other fissile materials` (0) means 'previously separated` americium-242m, curium-245 and -247, californium-249 and -251, isotopes of plutonium other than plutonium-238 and -239, and any material containing the foregoing.

117. 'Overall current density` (3) means the total number of ampere-turns in the coil (i.e., the sum of the number of turns multiplied by the maximum current carried by each turn) divided by the total cross-section of the coil (comprising the superconducting filaments, the metallic matrix in which the superconducting filaments are embedded, the encapsulating material, any cooling channels, etc.).

118. 'Part programme` (2) means an ordered set of instructions in a language and in a format required to cause operations to be effected under automatic control, which is either written in the form of a machine program on an input medium or prepared as input data for processing in a computer to obtain a machine program (ref. ISO 2806-1980).

119. 'Peak power` (6), means energy per pulse in joules divided by the pulse duration in seconds.

120. 'Personalized smart card` (5) means a smart card containing a microcircuit, in accordance with ISO/IEC 781, which has been programmed by the issuer and cannot be changed by the user.

121. 'Power management` (7) means changing the transmitted power of the altimeter signal so that received power at the 'aircraft` altitude is always at the minimum necessary to determine the altitude.

122. 'Previously separated` (0) means the application of any process intended to increase the concentration of the controlled isotope.

123. 'Principal element` (4), as it applies in Category 4, is a 'principal element` when its replacement value is more than 35 % of the total value of the system of which it is an element. Element value is the price paid for the element by the manufacturer of the system, or by the system integrator. Total value is the normal international selling price to unrelated parties at the point of manufacture or consolidation of shipment.

124. 'Private automatic branch exchange` (PABX) (5) means an automatic telephone exchange, typically incorporating a position for an attendant, designed to provide access to the public network and serving extensions in an institution such as a business, government, public service or similar orgnaization.

125. 'Production` (GTN NTN All) means all production phases, such as: construction, production engineering, manufacture, integration, assembly (mounting), inspection, testing, quality assurance.

126. 'Production equipment` (9) means tooling, templates, jigs, mandrels, moulds, dies, fixtures, alignment mechanisms, test equipment, other machinery and components therefor, limited to those specially designed or modified for 'development` or for one or more phases of 'production`.

127. 'Production facilities` (9) means equipment and specially designed software therefor integrated into installations for 'development` or for one or more phases of 'production`.

128. 'Programme` (2 4 5) means a sequence of instructions to carry out a process in, or convertible into, a form executable by an electronic computer.

129. 'Pulse compression` (6) means the coding and processing of a radar signal pulse of long time duration to one of short time duration, while maintaining the benefits of high pulse energy.

130. 'Pulse duration` (6) is the duration of a 'laser` pulse measured at Full Width Half Intensity (FWHI) levels.

131. 'Q-switched laser` (6) means a 'laser` in which the energy is stored in the population inversion or in the optical resonator and subsequently emitted in a pulse.

132. 'Radar frequency agility` (6) means any technique which changes, in a pseudo-random sequence, the carrier frequency of a pulsed radar transmitter between pulses or between groups of pulses by an amount equal to or larger than the pulse bandwidth.

133. 'Radar spread spectrum` (6) means any modulation technique for spreading energy originating from a signal with a relatively narrow frequency band, over a much wider band of frequencies, by using random or pseudo-random coding.

134. 'Range` (8) means half the maximum distance a submersible vehicle can cover.

135. 'Real time bandwidth` (3) for 'dynamic signal analysers` is the widest frequency range which the analyser can output to display or mass storage without causing any discontinuity in the analysis of the input data. For analysers with more than one channel, the channel configuration yiedling the widest 'real-time bandwidth` shall be used to make the calculation.

136. 'Real time processing` (2 4) means processing of data by an electronic computer in response to an external event according to time requirements imposed by the external event.

137. 'Required` (GTN 1-9), as applied to 'technology` or 'software`, refers to only that portion of 'technology` or 'software` which is peculiarly responsible for achieving or extending the controlled performance levels, characteristics or functions. Such 'required` 'technology` or 'software` may be shared by different goods.

138. 'Resolution` (2) means the least increment of a measuring device; on digital instruments, the least significant bit (ref. ANSI B-89.1.12).

139. 'Robot` (2 8) means a manipulation mechanism, which may be of the continuous path or of the point-to-point variety, may use sensors, and has all the following characteristics:

a. is multifunctional;

b. is capable of positioning or orienting material, parts, tools or special devices through variable movements in three dimensional space;

c. incorporates three or more closed or open loop servo-devices which may include stepping motors; and d. has 'user-accessible programmability` by means of teach/playback method or by means of an electronic computer which may be a programmable logic controller, i.e. without mechanical intervention.

NB: The above definition does not include the following devices:

1. Manipulation mechanisms which are only manually/teleoperator controllable;

2. Fixed sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The programme is mechanically limited by fixed stops, such as pins or cams. The sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are not variable or changeable by mechanical, electronic or electrical means;

3. Mechanically controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The programme is mechanically limited by fixed, but adjustable stops, such as pins or cams. The sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are variable within the fixed programme pattern. Variations or modifications of the programme pattern (e. g. changes of pins or exchanges of cams) in one or more motion axes are accomplished only through mechanical operations);

4. Non-servo-controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The programme is variable but the sequence proceeds only by the binary signal from mechanically fixed electrical binary devices or adjustable stops;

5. Stacker cranes defined as Cartesian coordinate manipulator systems manufactured as an integral part of a vertical array of storage bins and designed to access the contents of those bins for storage or retrieval.

140. 'Rotary atomization` (1) means a process to reduce a stream or pool of molten metal to droplets to a diameter of 500 micrometre or less by centrifugal force.

141. 'Run out` (out-of-true running) (2) means radial displacement in one revolution of the main spindle measured in a plane perpendicular to the spindle axis at a point on the external or internal revolving surface to be tested (ref. ISO 230/1-1986, paragraph 5.61).

142. 'Scale factor` (gyro or accelerometer) (7) means the ratio of change in output to a change in the input intended to be measured. Scale factor is generally evaluated as the slope of the straight line that can be fitted by the method of least squares to input-output data obtained by varying the input cyclically over the input range.

143. 'Settling time` (3) means the time required for the output to come within one-half bit of the final value when switching between any two levels of the converter.

144. 'Signal analysers` (3) means apparatus capable of measuring and displaying basic properties of the single-frequency components of multi-frequency signals.

145. 'Signal processing` (4 5) means the processing of externally derived information-bearing signals by algorithms such as time compression, filtering, extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations between domains (e.g. fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform).

146. 'Simple educational devices` (3) means devices designed for use in teaching basic scientific principles and demonstrating the operation of those principles in educational institutions.

147. 'Software` (GSN All) means a collection of one or more 'programmes` or 'microprogrammes` fixed in any tangible medium of expression.

148. 'Source code` (or source language) (4 5) is a convenient expression of one or more processes which may be turned by a programming system into equipment executable form ('object code` (or object language)).

149. 'Spacecraft` (7 9) means active and passive satellites and space probes.

150. 'Space qualified` (3 6) refers to products designed, manufactured and tested to meet the special electrical, mechanical or environmental requirements for use in the launch and deployment of satellites or high altitude flight systems operating at altitudes of 100 km or higher.

151. 'Special fissile material` (0) means plutonium-239, 'uranium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233`, and any material containing the foregoing.

152. 'Specific modulus` (0 1) is Young's modulus in pascals, equivalent to N/m2 divided by specific weight in N/m3, measured at a temperature of (296 + 2) K ((23 + 2)° C) and a relative humidity of 50 + 5) %.

153. 'Specific tensile strength` (0 1) is ultimate tensile strength in pascals, equivalent to N/m2 divided by specific weight in N/m3, measured at a temperature of (296 + 2) K ((23 + 2)° C) and a relative humidity of (50 + 5) %.

154. 'Spectral efficiency` (5) is a figure of merit parametrized to characterize the efficiency of a transmission system which uses complex modulation schemes such as QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation), Trellis coding, QPSK (Q-phased shift key), etc. It is defined as follows:

spectral efficiency = 'Digital transfer rate` (bits/second) 6 dB spectrum bandwidth (Hz) .155. 'Splat quenching` (1) means a process to 'sofidify rapidly` a molten metal stream impinging upon a chilled block, forming a flake-like product.

NB: 'Solidify rapidly`: solidification of molten material at cooling rates exceeding 1 000 K/sec.

156. 'Spread spectrum` (5) means the technique whereby energy in a relatively narrow-band communication channel is spread over a much wider energy spectrum.

157. 'Sputtering` (4) means an overlay coating process wherein positively charged ions are accelerated by an electric field towards the surface of a target (coating material). The kinetic energy of the impacting ions is sufficient to cause target surface atoms to be released and deposited on the substrate.

NB: Triode, magnetron or radio frequency sputtering to increase adhesion of coating and rate of deposition are ordinary modifications of the process.

158. 'Stability` (7) means the standard deviation (1 sigma) of the variation of a particular parameter from its calibrated value measured under stable temperature conditions. This can be expressed as a function of time.

159. 'Stored programme controlled` (2 3 5) means controlled by using instructions stored in an electronic storage which a processor can execute in order to direct the performance of predetermined functions.

NB: Equipment may be 'stored programme controlled` whether the electronic storage is internal or external to the equipment.

160. 'Substrate` (3) means a sheet of base material with or without an interconnection pattern and on which or within which 'discrete components` or integrated circuits or both can be located.

NB: 'Discrete component`: a separately packaged 'circuit element` with its own external connections.

161. 'Substrate blanks` (6) means monolithic compounds with dimensions suitable for the production of optical elements such as mirrors or optical windows.

162. 'Superalloys` (2 9) means Nickel-, cobalt- or iron-base alloys having strengths superior to any alloys in the AISI 300 series at temperatures over 922 K (649° C) under severe environmental and operating conditions.

163. 'Superconductive` (1 3 6 8) means materials, i.e. metals, alloys or compounds, which can lose all electrical resistance, i.e. which can attain infinite electrical conductivity and carry very large electrical currents without Joule heating.

NB: The 'superconductive` state of a material is individually characterized by a 'critical temperature`, a critical magnetic field, which is a function of temperature, and a critical current density which is, however, a function of both magnetic field and temperature.

164. 'Super High Power Laser` (SHPL) (6) means a 'laser` capable of delivering (the total or any portion of) the output energy exceeding 1 kJ within 50 ms or having an average or CW power exceeding 20 kW.

165. 'Superplastic forming` (1 2) means a deformation process using heat for metals that are normally characterized by low values of elongation (less than 20 %) at the breaking point as determined at room temperature by conventional tensile strength testing, in order to achieve elongations during processing which are at least two times those values.

166. 'Swept frequency network analysers` (3) means analysers which involve the automatic measurement of equivalent circuit parameters over a range of frequencies, involving swept frequency measurement techniques but not continuous wave point-to-point measurements.

167. 'Switch fabric (5) is that hardware and associated 'software` which provides the physical or virtual connection path for in-transit message traffic being switched.

168. 'Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH (5) means a digital hierarchy providing a means to manage, multiplex and access various forms of digital traffic using a synchronous transmission format on different types of media. The format is based on the Synchronous Transport Module (STM) which is defined by CCITT Recommendation G.703, G.707, G.708, G.709 and others yet to be published. The first level rate of 'SDH` is 155.52 Mbit/s.

169. 'Synchronous optical network` (SONET) (5) means a network providing a means to manage, multiplex and access various forms of digital traffic using a synchronous transmission format on fibre optics. The format is the North America version of 'SDH` and also uses the Synchronous Transport Module (STM). However, it uses the Synchronous Transport Signal (STS) as the basic transport module with a first level rate of 51,81 Mbit/s. The SONET standards are being integrated into those of 'SDH`.

170. 'Systems tracks` (6) means processed, correlated (fusion of radar target data to flight plan position) and updated aircraft flight position report available to the Air Traffic Control centre controllers.

171. 'Systolic array computer` (4) means a computer where the flow and modification of the data is dynamically controllable at the logic gate level by the user.

172. 'Technical assistance` (GTN NTN) may take forms such as instructions, skills, training, working knowledge and consulting services and may involve the transfer of 'technical data`.

173. 'Technical data` (GTN NTN) may take forms such as blueprints, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs and specifications, manuals and instructions written or recorded on other media or devices such as disk, tape, read-only memories.

174. 'Technology` (GTN NTN All) means specific information necessary for the 'development`,

'production` or 'use` of goods. This information takes the form of 'technical data` or 'technical assistance`.

175. 'Terminal interface equipment` (4) means equipment at which information enters or leaves the telecommunication system, e.g. telephone, data device, computer, facsimile device.

176. 'Tilting spindle` (2) means a tool-holding spindle which alters, during the machining process, the angular position of its centre line with respect to any other axis.

177. 'Time constant` (6) is the time taken from the application of a light stimulus for the current increment to reach a value of 1-1/e times the final value (i. e. 63 % of the final value).

188. 'Toxins` (1 2) means toxins in the form of deliberately isolated preparations or mixtures, no matter how produced, other than toxins present as contaminants of other materials such as pathological specimens, crops, foodstuffs or seed stocks of 'microorganisms`.

178. 'Total digital transfer rate` (5) means the number of bits, including line coding, overhead and so forth per unit time passing between corresponding equipment in a digital transmission system.

NB: See also 'digital transfer rate`.

179. 'Transfer laser` (6) means a 'laser` in which the lasing species is excited through the transfer of energy by collision of a non-lasing atom or molecule with a lasing atom or molecule species.

180. 'Tunable` (6) means the ability of a 'laser` to produce a continuous output at all wavelengths over a range of several 'laser` transitions. A line selectable 'laser` produces discrete wavelengths within one 'laser` transition and is not considered 'tunable`.

181. 'Uranium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233` (0) means uranium containing the isotopes 235 or 233, or both, in an amount such that the abundance ratio of the sum of these isotopes to the isotope 238 is more than the ration of the isotope 235 to the isotope 238 occurring in nature (isotopic ratio 0,72 per cent);

182. 'Use` (GTN NTN All) means operation, installation (including on-site installation), maintenance (checking), repair, overhaul and refurbishing.

183. 'User-accessible programmability` (5 6) means the facility allowing a user to insert, modify or replace 'programmes` by means other than:

a. a physical change in wiring or interconnections; or b. the setting of function controls including entry of parameters.

184. 'Vacuum atomization` (1) means a process to reduce a molten stream of metal to droplets of a diameter of 500 micrometre or less by the rapid evolution of a dissolved gas upon exposure to a vacuum.

185. 'Variable geometry airfoils` (7) means the use of trailing edge flaps or tabs, or leading edge slats or pivoted nose droop, the position of which can be controlled in flight.

CATEGORY 0

NUCLEAR MATERIALS, FACILITIES, AND EQUIPMENT 0A EQUIPMENT, ASSEMBLIES AND COMPONENTS 0A001 'Nuclear reactors`, i.e. reactors capable of operation so as to maintain a controlled, self-sustaining fission chain reaction, and equipment and components specially designed or prepared for use in connection with a 'nuclear reactor`, including:

a. pressure vessels, i.e. metal vessels as complete units or parts therefor, which are specially designed or prepared to contain the core of a 'nuclear reactor` and are capable of withstanding the operating pressure of the primary coolant, including the top plate for a reactor pressure vessel;

b. fuel element handling equipment, including reactor fuel charging and discharging machines;

c. control rods specially designed or prepared for the control of the reaction rate in a 'nuclear reactor`, including the neutron absorbing part and the support or suspension structures therefor, and control rod guide tubes;

d. electronic controls for controlling the power levels in 'nuclear reactors`, including reactor control rod drive mechanisms and radiation detection and measuring instruments to determine neutron flux levels;

e. pressure tubes specially designed or prepared to contain fuel elements and the primary coolant in a 'nuclear reactor` at an operating pressure in excess of 5,1 MPa;

f. tubes or assemblies of tubes, made from zirconium metal or alloy in which the ration of hafnium to zirconium is less than 1:500 parts by weight, specially designed or prepared for use in a 'nuclear reactor`;

g. coolant pumps specially designed or prepared for circulating the primary coolant of 'nuclear reactors`;

h. internal components specially designed or prepared for the operation of a 'nuclear reactor`, including core support structures, thermal shields, baffles, core grid plates and diffuser plates;

i. heat exchangers.

0A002 Power generating or propulsion equipment specially designed for use with space, marine or mobile 'nuclear reactors`.

NB: See also military goods controls.

Note: This entry does not apply to conventional power generating equipment which, although designed for use in a particular nuclear station, could in principle be used in conjunction with conventional systems.

0B TEST, INSPECTION AND PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT 0B001 Plant for the separation of isotopes of 'natural uranium` and 'depleted uranium`, 'special fissile materials` and 'other fissile materials`, and specially designed or prepared equipment and components therefor, as follows:

a. plant specially designed for separating isotopes of 'natural uranium` and 'depleted uranium`, 'special fissile materials` and 'other fissile materials`, as follows:

1. gaseous diffusion separation plant;

2. gas centrifuge separation plant;

3. aerodynamic separation plant;

4. chemical exchange separation plant;

5. ion-exchange separation plant;

6. atomic vapour 'laser` isotopic separation plant;

7. molecular 'laser` isotopic separation plant;

8. plasma separation plant;

9. electro magnetic separation plant;

b. equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for gaseous diffusion separation process, as follows:

1. bellow valves made of or protected by materials resistant to UF6 (e.g. aluminium aluminium alloys, nickel or alloy containing 60 weight percent or more nickel), with a diameter of 40 mm to 1 500 mm;

2. a. compressors (positive displacement, centrifugal and axial flowtypes) or gas blowers with a suction volume capacity of 1 m3/min or more of UF6, and discharge pressure up to 666,7 kPa, made of or protected by materials resistant to UF6 (e.g. aluminium, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloy containing 60 weight percent or more nickel);

b. rotary shaft seals for compressors or blowers specified in 0B001.b.2.a. and designed for a buffer gas in-leakage rate of less than 1 000 cm3/min;

3. gaseous diffusion barriers made of porous metallic, polymer or ceramic materials resistant to corrosion by UF6 with a pore size of 10 to 100 nm, a thickness of 5 mm or less, and for tubular forms, a diameter of 25 mm or less;

4. gaseous diffuser housings made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6;

5. heat exchangers made of aluminium, copper, nickel, or alloys containing more than 60 weight percent nickel, or combinations of these metals as clad tubes, designed to operate at sub-atmospheric pressure with a leak rate that limits the pressure rise to less than 10 Pa per hour under a pressure differential of 100 kPa;

c. equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for gas centrifuge separation process, as follows:

1. gas centrifuges;

2. complete rotor assemblies consisting of one or more rotor tube cylinders;

3. rotor tube cylinders with a thickness of 12 mm or less, a diameter of between 75 mm and 400 mm, made from any of the following high strength-to-density ratio materials:

a. maraging steel capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 2 050 MPa or more;

b. aluminium alloy capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 460 MPa or more; or c. 'fibrous or filamentary materials` with a 'specific modulus` of more than 3,18 × 106 m and a 'specific tensile strength` greater than 76,2 × 103 m;

4. magnetic suspension bearings consisting of an annular magnet suspended within a housing made of UF6 resistant materials (e. g. aluminium, aluminium alloy, nickel or alloy containing 60 weight percent or more nickel) containing a damping medium and having the magnet coupling with a pole piece or second magnet fitted to the top cap of the rotor;

5. specially prepared bearings comprising a pivot-cup assembly mounted on a damper;

6. rings or bellows with a wall thickness of 3 mm or less and a diameter of between 75 mm and 400 mm and designed to give local support to a rotor tube or to join a number together, made from high strength-to-density ratio materials described in the Note below;

7. baffles of between 75 mm and 400 mm diameter for mounting inside a rotor tube, made from high strength-to-density ratio materials described in the Note below;

8. top and bottom caps of between 75 mm and 400 m diameter to fit the ends of a rotor tube, made from any of the following high strength-to-density ratio materials:

a. maraging steel capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 2 050 MPa or more; or b. aluminium alloys capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 460 MPa or more;

c. 'fibrous or filamentary materials` with a 'specific modulus` of more than 3.18 × 106 m and a 'specific strength` greater than 7,62 × 104 m.

9. molecular pumps comprised of cylinders having internally machined or extruded helical grooves and internally machined bores;

10. ring-shaped motor stators for multiphase AC hysteresis (or reluctance) motors for synchronous operation within a vacuum in the frequency range of 600 to 2 000 Hz and a power range of 50 to 1 000 Volt-Amps;

11. frequency changers (converters or inverters) specially designed or prepared to supply motor stators for gas centrifuge enrichment, having all of the following characteristics, and specially designed components therefor:

a. multiphase output of 600 to 2 000 Hz;

b. frequency control better than 0,1 %;

c. harmonic distortion of less than 2 %; and d. an efficiency greater than 80 %;

12. centrifuge housing/recipients to contain the rotor tube assembly of a gas centrifuge, consisting of a rigid cylinder of wall thickness up to 30 mm with precision machined ends and made of or protected by UF6 resistant materials;

13. scoops consisting of tubes of up to 12 mm internal diameter for the extraction of UF6 gas from within a centrifuge rotor tube by a Pitot tube action, made of or protected by UF6 resistant materials;

d. equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for aerodynamic separation process, as follows:

1. separation nozzles consisting of slit-shaped, curved channels having a radius of curvature less than 1 mm and having a knife-edge contained within the nozzle with separates the gas flowing through the nozzle into two streams;

2. tangential inlet flow-driven cylindrical or conical tubes, (vortex tubes), made of or protected by UF6 resistant materials with a diameter of between 0,5 cm and 4 cm and a length to diameter ratio of 20:1 or less and with one or more tangential inlets;

3. compressors (positive displacement, centrifugal and axial flow types) or gas blowers with a suction volume capacity of 2 m3/min, made of or protected by materials resistant to UF6 (e.g. aluminium, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloy containing 60 weight percent or more nickel), and rotary shaft seals therefor;

4. aerodynamic separation element housings, made of or protected by materials resistant to UF6 to contain vortex tubes or separation nozzles;

5. heat exchangers made of aluminium, copper, nickel, or alloy containing more than 60 weight percent nickel, or combinations of these metals as clad tubes, designed to operate at pressures kPa or less;

6. bellows valves made of or protected by UF6 resistant materials with a diameter of 40 to 1500 mm;

7. process systems for separating UF6 from carrier gas (hydrogen or helium) to 1 ppm UF6 content or less, including:

a. cryogenic heat exchangers and cryoseparators capable of temperatures of -120° C or less;

b. cryogenic refrigeration units capable of temperatures of -120° C or less;

c. separation nozzle or vortex tube units for the separation of UF6 from carrier gas;

d. UF6 cold traps capable of temperatures of -20° C or less;

e. equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for chemical exchange separation process, as follows:

1. fast-exchange liquid-liquid centrifugal contractors with stage residence time of 30 seconds or less and resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid (e.g. made of or lined with suitable plastic materials such as fluorocarbon polymers or lined with glass);

2. fast-exchange liquid-liquid pulse columns with stage residence time of 30 seconds or less and resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid (e.g. made of or lined with suitable plastic materials such as fluorocarbon polymers or lined with glass);

3. electrochemical reduction cells designed to reduce uranium from one valence state to another;

4. electrochemical reduction cells feed equipment to take U+4 from the organic stream and, for those parts in contact with the process stream, made of or protected by suitable materials (e.g. glass, fluorocarbon polymers, polyphenyl sulphate, polyether sulfone and resin-impregnated graphite);

5. feed preparation systems for producing high purity uranium chloride solution consisting of dissolution, solvent extraction and/or ion exchange equipment for purification and electrolytic cells for reducing the uranium U+6 or U+4 to U+3;

6. uranium oxidation systems for oxidation of U+3 to U+4;

f. equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for ion-exchange separation process, as follows:

1. fast reacting ion-exchange resins, pellicular or porous macro- reticulated resins in which the active chemical exchange groups are limited to a coating on the surface of an inactive porous support structure, and other composite structures in any suitable form, including particles or fibres, with diameters of 0,2 mm or less, resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid and designed to have an exchange rate half-time of less than 10 seconds and capable of operating at temperatures in the range of 100° C to 200° C;

2. ion exchange columns (cylindrical) with a diameter greater than 1 000 mm, made of or protected by materials resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid (e. g. titanium or fluorocarbon plastics) and capable of operating at temperatures in the range of 100° C to 200° C and pressures above 0,7 MPa;

3. ion exchange reflux systems (chemical or electrochemical oxidation or reduction systems) for regeneration of the chemical reducing or oxidizing agents used in ion exchange enrichment cascades;

g. equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for atomic vapour 'laser` isotopic separation process, as follows:

1. high power electron beam guns with total power of more than 50 kW and strip or scanning electron beam guns with a delivered power of more than 2,5 kW/cm for use in uranium vaporization systems;

2. trough shaped crucibles and cooling equipment made of or protected by materials resistant to heat and corrosion of molten uranium or uranium alloys (e. g. tantalum, yttria-coated graphite, graphite coated with other rare earth oxides or mixtures thereof);

NB: See also entry 2A225.

3. product and tails collector systems made of or lined with materials resistant to the heat and corrosion of uranium vapour such as yttria-coated graphite or tantalum;

4. separator module housings (cylindrical or rectangular vessels) for containing the uranium metal vapour source, the electron beam gun and the product and tails collectors;

5. lasers or laser systems for the separation of uranium isotopes with a spectrum frequency stabiliser for operation over extended periods of time;

h. equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for molecular 'laser` isotopic separation process, as follows:

1. supersonic expansion nozzles for cooling mixtures of UF6 and carrier gas to 150 K or less and made from UF6 resistant materials;

2. uranium fluoride (UF5) product collectors consisting of filter, impact, or cyclone-type collectors or combinations thereof, and made of UF5/UF6 resistant materials (e.g. aluminium, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloy containing 60 weight percent of nickel and UF6 resistant fully fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers);

3. equipment for fluorinating UF5 to UF6;

4. compressors made of or protected by materials resistant to UF6 (e. g. aluminium, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloy containing 60 weight percent or more nickel), and rotary shaft seals therefor;

5. process systems for separating UF6 from carrier gas (e. g. nitrogen or argon) including:

a. cryogenic heat exchangers and cryoseparators capable of temperatures of −120° C or less;

b. cryogenic refrigeration units capable of temperatures of -120° C or less;

c. UF6 cold traps capable of temperatures of -20° C or less;

6. lasers or laser systems for the separation of uranium isotopes with a spectrum frequency stabiliser for operation over extended periods of time;

i. equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for plasma separation process, as follows:

1. product and tails collectors made of or protected by materials resistant to the heat and corrosion of uranium vapour such as yttria-coated graphite or tantalum;

2. radio frequency ion excitation coils for frequencies of more than 100 kHz and capable of handling more than 40 kW mean power;

3. microwave power sources and antennae for producing or accelerating ions, with an output frequency greater than 30 GHz and mean power output greater than 50 kW;

4. uranium plasma generation systems;

5. liquid uranium metal handling systems consisting of crucibles, made of or protected by suitable corrosion and heat resistant materials (e. g. tantalum, yttria-coated graphite, graphite coated with other rare earth oxides or mixtures thereof), and cooling equipment for the crucibles;

NB: See also entry 2A225.

6. separator module housings (cylindrical) for containing the uranium plasma source, radio-frequency drive coil and the product and tails collectors and made of a suitable non-magnetic material (e.g. stainless steel);

k. equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for electromagnetic separation process, as follows:

1. ion sources, single or multiple, consisting of a vapour source, ionizer, and beam accelerator made of suitable materials (e. g. graphite, stainless steel, or copper) and capable of providing a total ion beam current of 50 mA or greater;

2. ion collector plates for collection of enriched or depleted uranium ion beams, consisting of two or more slits and pockets and made of suitable [non-magetic??] materials (e.g. graphite or stainless steel);

3. vacuum housings for uranium electromagnetic separators made of non-magnetic materials (e.g. graphite or stainless steel) and designed to operate at pressures of 0,1 Pa or lower;

4. magnet pole pieces with a diameter greater than 2 m;

5. high voltage power supplies for ion sources, having all of the following characteristics:

a. capable of continuous operation;

b. output voltage of 20 000 V or greater;

c. output current of 1 A or greater;

d. voltage regulation of better than 0,01 % over a period of 8 hours;

6. magnet power supplies (high power, direct current) having all of the following characteristics:

a. capable of continuous operation with a current output of 500 A or greater at a voltage of 100 V or greater;

b. current or voltage regulation better than 0,01 % over a period of eight hours.

0B002 Specially designed or prepared auxiliary systems, equipment and components, as follows, for isotope separation plant specific in 0B001, made of or protected by UF6 resistant materials:

a. feed autoclaves, ovens or systems used for passing UF6 to the enrichment process;

b. desublimers or cold traps, used to remove UF6 from the enrichment process for subsequent transfer upon heating;

c. product and tails stations for transferring UF6 into containers;

d. liquefaction or solidification stations used to remove UF6 from the enrichment process by compressing and converting UF6 to a liquid or solid form;

e. piping systems and header systems specially designed for handling UF6 within gaseous diffusion, centrifuge or aerodynamic cascades made of or protected by UF6 resistant materials;

f. 1. vacuum manifolds or vacuum headers having a suction capacity of 5m3/minute or more; or 2. vacuum pumps specially designed for use in UF6 bearing atmospheres;

g. UF6 mass spectrometers/ion sources specially designed or prepared for taking on-line samples of feed, product or tails from UF6 gas streams and having all of the following characteristics:

1. unit resolution for mass of more than 320 amu;

2. ion sources constructed of or lined with nichrome or monel, or nickel plated;

3. electron bombardment ionization sources; and.

4. collector system suitable for isotopic analysis.

0B003 Plant for the production of uranium hexafluoride (UF6) and specially designed or prepared equipment and components therefor, as follows:

a. plant for the production of UF6;

b. equipment and components, as follows, specially designed or prepared for UF6 production;

1. fluorination and hydrofluorination screw and fluid bed reactors and flame towers;

2. distillation equipment for the purification of UF6.

0B004 Plant for the production of heavy water, deuterium or deuterium compounds, and specially designed or prepared equipment and components therefor, as follows:

a. plant for the production of heavy water, deuterium or deuterium compounds, as follows:

1. hydrogen sulphide-water exchange plants;

2. ammonia-hydrogen exchange plants;

3. hydrogen distillation plants;

b. equipment and components, as follows, designed for:

1. hydrogen sulphide-water exchange process:

a. tray exchange towers;

b. hydrogen sulphide gas compressors;

2. ammonia-hydrogen exchange process:

a. high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen exchange towers;

b. high-efficiency stage contactors;

c. submersible stage recirculation pumps;

d. ammonia crackers designed for pressures of more than 3 MPa;

3. hydrogen distillation process:

a. hydrogen cryogenic distillation towers and cold boxes designed for operation below 35 K (−238° C);

b. turboexpanders or turboexpander-compressor sets designed for operation below 35 K (−238° C);

4. heavy water concentration process to reactor grade level (99.75 weight percent deuterium oxide):

a. water distillation towers containing specially designed packings;

b. ammonia distillation towers containing specially designed packings;

c. catalytic burners for conversion of fully enriched deuterium to heavy water;

d. infrared absorption analysers capable of on-line hydrogen-deuterium ratio analysis where deuterium concentrations are equal to or more than 90 weight percent.

0B005 Plant specially designed for the fabrication of 'nuclear reactor` fuel elements and specially designed equipment therefor.

Note: A plant for the fabrication of 'nuclear reactor` fuel elements includes equipment which:

a. normally comes into direct contact with or directly processes or controls the production flow of nuclear materials;

b. seals the nuclear materials within the cladding;

c. checks the integrity of the cladding or the seal; and d. checks the finish treatment of the solid fuel.

0B006 Plant for the reprocessing of irradiated 'nuclear reactor` fuel elements, and specially designed or prepared equipment and components therefor, including:

a. fuel element chopping or shredding machines, i.e. remotely operated equipment to cut, chop, shred or shear irradiated 'nuclear reactor` fuel assemblies, bundles or rods;

b. dissolvers, critically safe tanks (e.g. small diameter, annular or slab tanks) specially designed or prepared for the dissolution of irradiated 'nuclear reactor` fuel, which are capable of withstanding hot, high corrosive liquids, and which can be remotely loaded and maintained;

c. counter-current solvent extractors and ion-exchange processing equipment specially designed or prepared for use in a plant for the reprocessing of irradiated 'natural uranium`, 'depleted uranium` or 'special fissile materials` and 'other fissile materials`;

d. process control instrumentation specially designed or prepared for monitoring or controlling the reprocessing of irradiated 'natural uranium`, 'depleted uranium` or 'special fissile materials` and 'other fissile materials`;

e. holding or storage vessels specially designed to be critically safe and resistant to the corrosive effects of nitric acid;

Note: Critically safe tanks may have the following features:

1. walls or internal structures with a boron equivalent of at least 2%;

2. a maximum diameter or 175 mm for cylindrical vessels; or 3. a maximum width of 75 mm for either a slab or annular vessel.

f. complete systems specially designed or prepared for the conversion of plutonium nitrate to plutonium oxide;

g. complete systems specially designed or prepared for the production of plutonium metal.

Note: Plant for the reprocessing of irradiated 'nuclear reactor` fuel elements includes equipment and components which normally come into direct contact with and directly control the irradiated fuel and the major nuclear material and fission product processing streams.

0B007 Equipment, as follows, specially designed or prepared for the separation of isotopes of lithium:

a. packed liquid-liquid exchange columns specially designed or lithium amalgams;

b. amalgam pumps;

c. amalgam electrolysis cells;

d. evaporators for concentrated lithium hydroxide solution.

0B008 Equipment for 'nuclear reactors`:

a. simulators specially designed for 'nuclear reactors`;

b. ultrasonic or eddy current test equipment specially designed for 'nuclear reactors`.

0B009 Plant for the conversion of uranium and equipment specially designed or prepared therefor, as follows:

a. systems for the conversion of uranium ore concentrates to UO3;

b. systems for the conversion of UO3 to UO6;

c. systems for the conversion of UO3 to UO2;

d. systems for the conversion of UO2 to UF4;

e. systems for the conversion of UF4 to UF6;

f. systems for the conversion of UF4 to uranium metal;

g. systems for the conversion of UF6 to UO2;

i. systems for the conversion of UF6 to UF4;

0C MATERIALS 0C001 'Natural uranium` or 'depleted uranium` or thorium in the form of metal, alloy, chemical compound or concentrate and any other material containing one or more of the foregoing; except:

a. four grammes or less of 'natural uranium` or 'depleted uranium` when contained in a sensing component in instruments;

b. 'depleted uranium` specially fabricated for the following civil non-nuclear applications:

1. shielding;

2. packaging;

3. ballasts;

4. counter-weights.

0C002 'Special fissile materials` and 'other fissile materials`; except:

four 'effective grammes` or less when contained in a sensing component in instruments.

0C003 Materials, which may be used in nuclear heat sources, as follows:

a. p1lutonium in any form with a plutonium isotopic assay of plutonium-238 of more than 50 %; except: 'three grammes or less when contained in a sensing component in instruments;

b. 'Previously seperated` neptunium-237 in any form; except: shipments with a neptunium-237 content of one gramme or less.

0C004 Deuterium, heavy water, deuterated paraffins and other compounds of deuterium, and mixtures and solutions containing deuterium, in which the isotopic ratio of deuterium to hydrogen exceeds 1:5 000.

0C005 Graphite, nuclear-grade, having a purity level of less than five parts per million 'boron equivalent` and with a density greater than 1,5 g/cm3.

0C006 Nickel powder and porous nickel metal, as follows:

a. powder with a nickel purity content of 99,9 % weight or more and a mean particle size of less than 10 micrometres measured by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) B330 standard and a high degree of particle size uniformity;

b. porous nickel metal produced from materials specified in 0C006.a.; except: single porous nickel sheets not exceeding 930 cm2 intended for use in batteries for civil applications.

0C201 Specially prepared compounds or powders, other than nickel, resistant to corrosion by UF6 (e. g. aluminium oxide and fully fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers), for the manufacture of gaseous diffusion barriers, having a purity of 99,9 weight percent or more and a mean particle size of less than 10 micrometres measured by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) B330 standard and a high degree of particle size uniformity.

0D SOFTWARE 0D001 'Software` specially designed or modified for the 'development`, 'production` or 'use` of goods specified in this Category.

0E TECHNOLOGY 0E001 'Technology` according to the Nuclear Technology Note for the 'development`, 'production` or 'use` of goods specified in this Category.

CATEGORY 1

MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, 'MICROORGANISMS` AND 'TOXINS` 1A EUQIPMENT, ASSEMBLIES AND COMPONENTS 1A001 Components made from fluorinated compounds, as follows:

a. seals, gaskets, sealants or fuel bladders specially designed for aircraft or aerospace use made from more than 50 % of any of the materials specified in 1C009.b or c;

b. piezoelectric polymers and copolymers made from vinylidene fluoride:

1. in sheet or film form; and 2. with a thickness exceeding 200 micrometre;

c. seals gaskets, valve seats, bladders or diaphragms made from fluoroelastomers containing at least one vinylether monomer, specially designed for aircraft, aerospace or missile use. 'Missile` in 1A001.c means complete rocket systems and unmanned air vehicle systems.

1A002 'Composite` structures or laminates, as follows:

NB: See also 1A202, 9A010 and 9A110.

a. having an organic 'matrix` and made from materials specified in 1C010.c, d or e; or b. having a metal or carbon 'matrix` and made from:

1. carbon 'fibrous or filamentary materials` with:

a. a 'specific modulus` exceeding 10,15 × 106 m; and b. a 'specific tensile strength` exceeding 17,7 × 104; or 2. Materials specified in 1C010.c.

Note: 1A002 does not control composite structures or laminates made from epoxy resin impregnated carbon 'fibrous or filamentary materials` for the repair of aircraft structures or laminates, provided the size does not exceed 1 m2.

1A003 Manufactures of non-fluorinated polymeric substances specified in 1C008.a, in film, sheet, tape or ribbon form:

a. with a thickness exceeding 0,254 mm; or b. coated or laminated with carbon, graphite, metals or magnetic substances.

1A102 Resaturated pyrolized carbon-carbon materials designed for systems specified in 9A004 or 9A104.

1A202 Composite structures, other than those specified in 1A002, in the form of tubes with an inside diameter of between 75 mm and 400 mm made with 'fibrous or filamentary materials` specified in 1CO10.a or b. or 1C210.

NB: See also 9A110.

1A225 Platinized catalysts specially designed or prepared for promoting the hydrogen isotope exchange reaction between hydrogen and water for the recovery of tritium from heavy water or for the production of heavy water.

1A226 Specialized packings for use in separating heavy water from ordinary water and made of phosphor bronze mesh or copper (both chemically treated to improve wettability) and designed for use in vacuum distillation towers.

1A227 High-density (lead glass or other) radiation shielding windows greater than 0,3 m on a side and with a density greater than 3 g/cm3 and a thickness of 100 mm or greater; and specially designed frames therefor.

1B TEST, INSPECTION AND PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT 1B001 Equipment for the production of fibres, prepregs, preforms or 'composites` specified in 1A002 or 1C010, as follows, and specially designed components and accessories therefor:

NB: See also 1B101 and 1B201.

a. filament winding machines of which the motions for positioning, wrapping and winding fibres are coordinated and programmed in three or more axes, specially designed for the manufacture of 'composite structures or laminates from 'fibrous or filamentary materials`;

b. tape-laying or tow-placement machines of which the motions for positioning and laying tape, tows or sheets are coordinated and programmed in two or more axes, specially designed for the manufacture of 'composite` airframe or missile structures; In 1B001.b, 'missile` means complete rocket system and unmanned air vehicle systems.

c. multidirectional, multidimensional weaving machines or interlacing machines, including adapters and modification kits, for weaving, interlacing or braiding fibres to manufacture 'composite` structures;

except:

textile machinery not modified to the above end-uses;

d. equipment specially designed or adapted for the production of reinforcement fibres, as follows:

1. equipment for converting polymeric fibres (such as polyacrylonitrile, rayon, pitch or polycarbosilane) into carbon fibres or silicon carbide fibres, including special equipment to strain the fibre during heating;

2. equipment for the chemical vapour deposition of elements or compounds on heated filamentary substrates to manufacture silicon carbide fibres;

3. equipment for the wet-spinning of refractory ceramics (such as aluminium oxide);

4. equipment for converting aluminium containing precursor fibres into alumina fibres by heat treatment;

e. equipment for producing prepregs specified in 1C010.e. by the hot melt method;

f. non-destructive inspection equipment capable of inspecting defects three dimensionally, using ultrasonic or X-ray tomography and specially designed for 'composite` materials.

1B002 Systems and components therefor specially designed for producing metal alloys, metal alloy powder or alloyed materials specified in 1C002.a.2, 1C002.b or 1C002.c.

1B003 Tools, dies, moulds or fixtures, for 'superplastic forming` or 'diffusion bonding` titanium or aluminium or their alloys, specially designed for the manufacture of;

a. airframe or aerospace structures;

b. aircraft or aerospace engines; or c. specially designed components for those structures or engines.

1B101 Equipment, other than that specified in entry 1B001, for the production of structural composites as follows; and specially designed components and accessories therefor:

NB: See also 1B201.

Note: Components and accessories specified in this entry include moulds, mandrels, dies, fixtures and tooling for the preform pressing, curing, casting, sintering or bonding of composite structures, laminates and manufactures thereof.

a. filament winding machines of which the motions for positioning, wrapping and winding fibres can be coordinated and programmed in three or more axes, designed to fabricate composite structures or laminates from fibrous or filamentary materials, and coordinating and programming controls;

b. tape-laying machines of which the motions for positioning and laying tape and sheets can be coordinated and programmed in two or more axes, designed for the manufacture of composite airframe and 'missile` structures;

c. equipment designed or modified for the production of fibrous or filamentary materials as follows:

1. equipment for converting polymeric fibres (such as polyacrylonitrile, rayon or polycarbosilane) including special provision to strain the fibre during heating;

2. equipment for the vapour deposition of elements or compounds on heated filament substrates; and 3. equipment for the wet-spinning of refractory ceramics (such as aluminium oxide);

d. equipment designed or modified for special fibre surface treatment or for producing prepregs and preforms specified in entry 9A110.

Note: Equipment covered by this sub-head includes rollers, tension stretchers, coating equipment, cutting equipment and clicker dies.

1B115 Equipment for the production, handling and acceptance testing of propellants or propellant constituents specified in 1C115 or in the Military Goods Controls, and specially designed components therefor.

Notes: 1. The only mixers specified in this item are those, which have provision for mixing under vacuum in the range of zero to 13,326 kPa and with temperature control capability of the mixing chamber:

a. batch mixers having a total volumetric capacity of 110 litres or more and at least one mixing/kneading shaft mounted off centre;

b. continuous mixers having two or more mixing/kneading shafts and capability to open the mixing chamber.

2. For equipment specially designed for the production of military goods, see the Military Goods Controls.

1B116 Specially designed nozzles for producing pyrolitically derived materials formed on a mould, mandrel or other substrate from precursor gases which decompose in the 1 573 K (1 300° C) to 3 173 K (2 900° C) temperature range at pressures of 130 Pa to 20 kPa.

1B201 Filament winding machines, other than those specified in 1B001 or 1B101, in which the motions for positioning, wrapping, and winding fibres are coordinated and programmed in two or more axes, specially designed to fabricate composite structures or laminates from 'fibrous or filamentary materials` and capable of winding cylindrical rotors of diameter between 75 mm and 400 mm and lengths of 600 mm or greater and coordinating and programming controls and precision mandrels therefor.

1B225 Electrolytic cells for fluorine production with a production capacity greater than 250 g of fluorine per hour.

1B226 Electromagnetic isotope separators, designed for or equipped with, single or multiple ion sources capable of providing a total ion beam current of 50 mA or greater.

Note: 1B226 includes separators.

a. capable of enriching stable isotopes;

b. with the ion sources and collectors both in the magnetic field and those configurations in which they are external to the field.

1B227 Ammonia synthesis converters or ammonia synthesis units in which the synthesis gas (nitrogen and hydrogen) is withdrawn from an ammonia/hydrogen high-pressure exchange column and the synthesized ammonia is returned to said column.

1B228 Hydrogen-cryogenic distillation columns having all of the following characteristics:

a. designed to operate with internal temperatures of 35 K (-238° C) or less;

b. designed to operate at an internal pressure of 0,5 to 5 MPa (5 to 50 atmospheres);

c. constructed of fine-grain stainless steels of the 300 series with low sulphur content or equivalent cryogenic and H2-compatible materials; and d. with internal diameters of 1 m or greater and effective lengths of 5 m or greater.

1B229 Water-hydrogen sulphide exchange tray columns constructed from fine carbon steel with a diameter of 1,8m or greater to operate at a nominal pressure of 2 MPa or greater.

Notes: 1. For columns which are specially designed or prepared for the production of heavy water see OB004.

2. 1B229 includes internal contactors of the columns, which are segmented trays with an effective assembled diameter of 1;8m or greater, such as sieve trays, valve trays, bubble cap trays, and turbogrid trays designed to facilitate countercurrent contacting and constructed of materials resistant to corrosion by hydrogen sulphide/water mixtures, such as 304L or 316 stainless steel.

3. Fine carbon steels include steels such as specified by ASTM A516.

1B230 Pumps circulating solutions of diluted or concentrated potassium amide catalyst in liquid ammonia (KNH2/NH3), with all of the following characteristics:

a. Airtight (i. e. hermetically sealed);

b. For concentrated potassium amide solutions (1 % or greater), operating pressure of 1,5-60 MPa (15-600 atmospheres); for dilute potassium amide solutions (less than 1 %), operating pressure of 20-60 MPa (200-600 atmospheres); and c. A capacity greater than 8;5 m3/hr.

1B231 Facilities or plants for the production, recovery, extraction, concentration, or handling of tritium, and equipment as follows:

a. Hydrogen or helium refrigeration units capable of cooling to 23 K (-250° C) or less, with heat removal capacity greater than 150 watts; or b. Hydrogen isotope storage and purification systems using metal hydrides as the storage, or purification medium.

1C MATERIALS 1C001 Materials specially designed for use as absorbers of electromagnetic waves, or intrinsically conductive polymers, as follows:

NB: See also 1C101.

a. Materials for absorbing frequencies exceeding 2 × 108 Hz but less than 3 × 1012 Hz;

except:

Materials as follows:

Note: Nothing in 1C001.a releases magnetic materials to provide absorption when contained in paint.

1. Hair type absorbers, constructed of natural or synthetic fibres, with non-magnetic loading to provide absorption;

2. absorbers having no magnetic loss and whose incident surface is non-planar in shape, including pyramids, cones, wedges and convoluted surfaces;

3. planar absorbers:

a. made from:

1. plastic foam materials (flexible or non-flexible) with carbon-loading, or organic materials, including binders, providing more than 5 % echo compared with metal over a bandwidth exceeding ± 15 % of the centre frequency of the incident energy, and not capable of withstanding temperatures exceeding 450 K (177° C); or 2. ceramic materials providing more than 20 % echo compared with metal over a bandwidth exceeding ± 15 % of the centre frequency of the incident energy, and not capable of withstanding temperatures exceeding 800 K (527° C);

Technical note:

Absorption test samples for 1C001.a.3.a should be a square at least five wavelengths of the centre frequency on a side and positioned in the far field of the radiating element.

b. tensile strength less than 7 × 106N/m2; and c. compressive strength less than 14 × 106N/m2;

4. planar absorbers made of sintered ferrite, with:

a. a specific gravity exceeding 4,4; and b. a maximum operating temperature of 548 K (275° C);

b. materials for absorbing frequencies exceeding 1,5 × 1014 Hz but less than 3,7 × 1014 Hz and not transparent to visible light;

c. intrinsically conductive polymeric materials with a bulk electrical conductivity exceeding 10 000 S/m /Siemens per metre) or a sheet (surface) resistivity of less than 100 ohms/square, based on any of the following polymers:

1. polyaniline;

2. polypyrrole;

3. polythiophene;

4. poly phenylene-vinylene; or 5. poly thienylene-vinylene.

Technical Note:

Bulk electrical conductivity and sheet (surface) resistivity should be determined using ASTM D-257 or equivalents.

1C002 Metal alloys, metal alloy powder or alloyed materials, as follows:

NB: See also 1C202.

Note: 1C002 does not control metal alloys, metal alloy powder or alloyed materials for coating substrates.

a. metal alloys, as follows:

1. nickel or titanium-based alloys in the form of aluminides, as follows, in crude or semi-fabricated forms:

a. nickel aluminides containing 10 weight percent or more aluminium;

b. titanium aluminides containing 12 weight percent or more aluminium;

2. metal alloys, as follows, made from metal alloy powder or particulate material specified in 1C002.b:

a. nickel alloys with:

1. a stress-rupture life of 10 000 hours or longer at 923 K (650° C) at a stress of 550 MPa; or 2. a low cycle fatigue life of 10 000 cycles or more at 823 K (550° C) at a maximum stress of 700 MPa;

b. niobium alloys with:

1. a stress-rupture life of 10 000 hours or longer at 1 073 K (800° C) at a stress of 400 MPa; or 2. a low cycle fatigue life of 10 000 cycles or more at 973 K (700° C) at a maximum stress of 700 MPa;

c. titanium alloys